Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5394 828312 819544 2026-05-01T08:59:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[file:medine.jpg|thumb|left|alt= masallacin Annabi|Masallacin Annabi (s.a.w) dak e birnin madinah]] [[Fayil:Madina Hilton.JPG|thumb|madina Hilton]] '''Madinah:''' Birni ne da ke a yammacin [ Saudi Arabia]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} A nahiyar [[Asiya]] cikin tsakiyar yankin gabas ta tsakiyar larabawa, shi dai wannan birni ya kafu ne tun dubbanin shekaru a baya tun a zamanin Annabawa. Hakika birnin Mad'''inah''' garin [[Musulunci]] ne shi ne birnin manzon Allah Annabi [[Muhammad]] (S.A.W). Kafin zuwan [[Musulunci]] ana kiran birnin da suna '''Yathrib,''' amma daga baya sai Annabi ya canjawa garin suna zuwa '''Madinah''' ko kuma '''Madinat Al-munawwarah,''' a cikin birnin akwai babban [[masallaci]] wanda shine farkon Masallacin da Annabi Muhammad (S A W) da ya gina a Madinah, wannan masallaci shine ake Kira da masallacin '''Quba'''. '''FAƊIN ƘASA''' Birnin Madinah yana da fadin kasa kamar haka: * '''Fadin gari''' 589 km2 (227 sq mi) * '''Fadin babban birni''' 293 km2 (112 sq mi) * '''Maki mafi daukaka''' 608 m (1,995 ft) * '''kididdigar yawan mutane''' a shekarar (2010) 1,180,770 * '''Density''' 2,000/km2 (5,200/sq mi) [[file:Medina,_Saudi_Arabia_locator_map.png|thumb|left|alt= Taswirar birnin Madinah|Wannan taswirar Birnin Madinah kenan.]] Hakika birnin Madinah yanada matukar tasiri a Musulunci, shi ne garin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W) bayan hijararsa daga birnin [[Makkah]] acikin garin yayi rayuwa har yakoma zuwa ga Allah, sannan kuma acikin birnin aka birne shi, acikin dakin matarsa nana Aisha inda a nanne yarasu, Wanda a yanzu nan ne masallacinsa, Shi yasa duk Alhazan da sukaje Madinah to sai sun kai ziyara '''kabarinsa''' (S.A.W) da manyan '''sahabbansa.''' = Masallacin Annabi SAW na Madina = Ziyara zuwa waje na biyu mafi tsarki a Musulunci, wanda ya samu shekara 1440 da suka gabata. Daga Sagiru Saleh === Babban Masallacin Madina shi ne na biyu a cikin masallatai mafiya daraja, wanda kuma Annabi Muhammad (SAW) ya fara jagorantar Sallah a cikin sa. === === Masallacin Manzon Allah shi ne wurin da aka fara sanya hasken lantarki a fadin yankin Larabawa a 1909, kamar yadda Sultan Ghalib Al Quaiti ya fada a littafinsa, ''The holy cities, the Pilgrimage and the World of Islam.'' === Ana fadada shi ta yadda zai dauki mutum miliyan daya da dubu 800. Inuwar rumfunan alfarma masu sarrafa kansu kuma masu daukar mutum dubu 800 guda 250 da ke masallacin sun kai murabba'in mita dubu 143, kamar yadda shafin hukumar gudanarwar masallacin ya bayyana. Nan gaba za mu kawo muku bayanai gwargwadon hali a kan tambayoyin da kuka aiko mana na abubuwan da kuke son sani game da Masallacin Manzon Allah SAW da ke Madina. Hadisai sun nuna cewa Masallacin Manzon Allah SAW shi ne masallaci mafi tsarki da falala da girma a ban kasa, bayan Masallacin Makkah. Shi ya sa ake wa masallatan biyu lakabi da masallatai biyu tsarkaka masu daukaka, wato Al-haramainush sharifain, da harshen Larabci. Masallacin Manzon Allah, wanda ke kwaryar birnin Madina a kasar Saudiyya shi ne wuri da aka fara sanya wa hasken lantarki a fadin yankin Labarawa tun a shekarar 1909 miladiyya. Fitaccen marubucin tarihin Manzon Allah SAW, Safiur-Rahman Mubarakfuriya ya bayyana a littafin Al-rahikul Makhtum cewa masallacin shi ne biyu da aka gina a Madina bayan masallacin Kuba.A wancan lokaci an gina masallacin ne a kusa da gidan Annabi Muhammad (SAW) shekara ta farko bayan hijira daga Makka zuwa Madina (632 miladiyya). Kuma sallah daya a masallacin Manzon Allah SAW ta fi sallah 1,000 da aka yi a wasu masallatai daraja, ban da masallacin Ka'aba. Kabarin Manzon Allah SAW da na manyan sahabbansa biyu, Abubakar da Umar na cikin masallacin a yanzu, sakamakon fadada masallacin da aka yi a tsawon shekaru sama da 1,400, kaburburan na cikin wani daki da aka yi na kusa da mumbarin da ke cikin rauda, wanda a zamanin Annabi dakin matarsa ne Nana Aisha. Sakamakon fadada wannan masallaci a tsawon zamani, yanzu Rauda ta shige cikin wanan masallacin. Manzon Allah tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata a gare shi yana cewa tsakanin gidana da mimbarina akwai dausayi daga cikin dausayin Aljanna. Wannan wuri shi ne Rauda. Girman Masallacin Madina Saboda girman Masallacin Madinah ya kan dauke duk miliyoyin mahajjata da masu umrah da ke ziyartarsa a kowace shekara. Kuma shi ne wurin da mahajjata da masu umrah suka fi ziyarta a fadin Madina. A nan suke yin sallah, su shiga Rauda in hali ya samu, su ziyarci Annabi SAW da sahabbansa a makwancinsu da kuma makabartar Baki'a. Har yanzu ana ci gaba da fadada shi ta yadda zai iya daukar masallata kusan miliyan biyu a lokaci guda, saboda yadda yawan masu ziyartarsa ke karuwa a lokacin Hajji. Girman masallacin a yau ya kai ninki 100 na yadda aka fara gina shi. Kuma ya kusa mamaye fadin asalin garin Madina a zamanin Manzon Allah SAW..Sannan masallacin a bude yake a koyaushe domin masu ibada. Baya ga manyan hasumiyoyi 10 masu tsawon mita 103 kowannensu, masallacin na da kubbobi (tulluwa) 170 da suka hada da masu ruwan azurfa da farare da wasu 27 na zamani masu sarrafa kansu. Akwai kuma wata koriyar kubba babba a daidai saman inda kabarin Manzon Allah yake, ita ake wa kirari da Koriyar Kubba ta Dan Abdullahi. A gefen koriyar kubbar akwai wata kubba mai ruwan azurfa. ==Hotuna daga birnin Madina== <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150px"> MED%C4%B0NE_-_panoramio_(2).jpg|An hango birnin Madina 40_Medina_-_Flickr_-_antoniovera1.jpg AKT%C4%B0F_GRUBU_-_panoramio.jpg Al_Haram,_Medina_42311,_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio_(4).jpg|Masallacin annabi Muhammad SAW Al_Khatim,_Medina_42318,_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio.jpg|Masallacin Al Khatim Al-baqi.jpg|wasu mahajjata na dubi ga makabartar albaqi Allah%27s_Name_on_tree_Near_Masjid_Quba_-_panoramio.jpg|Sunan Allah a kusa da Masallacin Quba As_Suqya,_Medina_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio_(2).jpg|As Suqya As_Suqya,_Medina_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio.jpg|As Suqya Auhud_jabal_Madinah_-_panoramio.jpg|An hango daga saman dutsen Uhud Badaah,_Medina_42311,_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|[[Fayil:Decoration-of-the-roof-inside-the-mosque-2560x1707.jpg|thumb|cikin masallacin madina]]Badaah Badaah,_Medina_42311,_Saudi_Arabia_-_panoramio_(2).jpg Clock_Tawer_-_panoramio.jpg Darul_Hijrah_Hotel_-_panoramio_(1).jpg King_Fahad_Road_To_Masjid.e.Nabavi_-_panoramio.jpg Jabal_al_Rumah_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87.jpg|Dutsen Rumah Madina_trip_37.jpg Masjid-e-Nabwi,_Madinah,_Saudi_Arabia.jpg|Masallacin annabi Muhammad SAW </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Madinah}} [[Category:Biranen Saudiyya]] a08sj2wjg8pnfjjt44di1agbk1gfpsx 0 5632 828141 670881 2026-04-30T19:54:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828141 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Lagos Island.jpg|thumb|Legas island]] [[File:Eko cater bridge in Lagos State-Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Jihar lagos mai yawan jama'a]] [[File:Lagos Bus stop.jpg|thumb|chunkoson jama'a a garin Lagos]] [[File:First storey building in Nigeria in Badagry Lagos State- Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Bene na farko a Nigeria wanda ke birnin Badagry a Lagos]] [[File:Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos, Nigeria - 2019-11-07 - IMG 9483.jpg|thumb|Babban filin jirgin sama dake [[File:2014 Tinubu Square Lagos Nigeria 14640600637.jpg|thumb|left|Tinubu Square]] Lagos wanda aka fi sani da "Murtala Muhammad International Airport"]] [[File:Beach Line in Badagry, Lagos State-Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Gabar Teku na Badagry wanda ke babban birnin Lagos]] [[File:EKO hospital Victoria Island,Lagos.jpg|thumb|Babbab Asibitin EKO dake Victoria Island a Lagos]] [[File:2014 Tinubu Square Lagos Nigeria 14640600637.jpg|thumb|Tinubu Square]] '''Birnin Legas''', ko kuma '''''Birnin Ikko''''',Shi ne babban birnin jahar [[Jihar Lagos|Legas]] da ke [[Najeriya|Najeriya.]] Legas tana daya daga cikin birane mafi girma da yawan jama'a a Afirka da ma duniya baki daya. Legas ne birni na biyu mafi girma a [[Afrika|Afirka]], kuma na bakwai a [[duniya]].<ref>[http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html World's fastest growing cities and urban areas from 2006 to 2020], by [[CityMayors.com]]</ref> Kimanin mutum miliyan 15.3 (a shekara ta 2022), ke rayuwa a Legas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|publisher=Lagos State Government|title=Population|year=2011|accessdate=3 November 2012|archive-date=18 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018094514/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|url-status=dead}}</ref> Garin Legas na da mutane kimanin 23.5 million a shekara ta 2018, wanda ya maida shi babban birni mafi girma a nahiyar Afirka. Legas ta kasance cibiyar kasuwanci a jahar Legas da Najeriya gaba daya.<ref name="John Campbell">{{cite news |url= http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/07/this-is-africas-new-biggest-city-lagos-nigeria-population-25-million/259611/ |title=This Is Africa's New Biggest City: Lagos, Nigeria, Population 21 Million |author=John Campbell |date=10 July 2012 |work=The Atlantic |location =Washington DC |accessdate=23 September 2012}}</ref><ref>The Most Populated Cities of the World. World Megacities - Nations Online Project". ''nationsonline.org''. Retrieved 23 September 2021</ref> Legas tana daya daga cikin birane goma masu habbaka da sauri a duniya<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://lagosstate.gov.ng/blog/2017/05/25/lagos-history-lecture/ |access-date=2020-03-29 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092115/https://lagosstate.gov.ng/blog/2017/05/25/lagos-history-lecture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Lagos-Nigeria</ref>Babban birnin yana matsayin na hudu a kawo kudin shiga (GDP) a Africa <ref>"These cities are the hubs of Africa's economic boom". ''Big Think''. 4 October 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</ref>kuma akwai daya daga cikin tashar jiragen ruwa mafi hada-hada Afirka.<ref>"Lagos | City, Population, & History | Britannica". ''britannica.com''. Retrieved 19 November 2021.</ref>Birnin Legas cibiya ce ta ilimin gargajiya a sassan Afirka da ke kudancin sahara. Legas ada gida ne ga mutanen Awori, wani reshe ne na Yarbanci na yammacin Afirka. Amma yanzu ta zama birnin tashoshin jiragen ruwa wanda ya samo asali daga tsibirai daban,daban.<ref name="Lagos Case Study">{{cite web|url=http://water.tkk.fi/wr/tutkimus/glob/publications/Haapala/pdf-files/CASE%20STUDY%20OF%20LAGOS.pdf|title=CASE STUDY OF LAGOS|access-date=27 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195932/http://water.tkk.fi/wr/tutkimus/glob/publications/Haapala/pdf-files/CASE%20STUDY%20OF%20LAGOS.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Gwamnatin tarayya ke gudanar da harkokin wannan babban birni har izuwa shekarar 1967 lokacin da aka rarraba birnin zuwa kananan hukumomi 7 da muke dasu a yau.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ng.boell.org/2014/07/29/flood-free-lagos-regional-imperative|title=A Flood-Free Lagos: The Regional Imperative|access-date=27 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://online.liverpooluniversitypress.co.uk/doi/abs/10.3828/lhr.61.1.49|title=The Travails of Migrant and Wage Labour in the Lagos Metropolitan Area in the Inter-War Years|publisher=Liverpool University Press|access-date=27 November 2015|author=Olukoju, Ayodeji|journal=Labour History Review|year=1996|volume=61|pages=49–70|doi=10.3828/lhr.61.1.49}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma karin birane 3 wanda yasa kananan hukumomin suka koma 13 wanda suka samar da jahar Legas na yau.<ref name="Lagos State Information">{{cite web|url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|title=Lagos State Information|publisher=National Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 October 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151109140122/http://nigerianstat.gov.ng/information/details/Lagos|archive-date=9 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|title=Population - Lagos State|publisher=[[Lagos State Govern me not]]|access-date=27 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018094514/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6|archive-date=18 October 2015}}</ref> Har wa yau, an mai da Ikeja ta zamo babban birnin jahar a shekara ta (1976), sannan Abuja ta koma babban birnin tarayya a shekara ta (1991). Wuraren da ake kira birnin Legas watau "Lagos Metroplitan Area"<ref>A Flood-Free Lagos: The Regional Imperative". Retrieved 27 November2015.</ref> <ref>"Olukoju, Ayodeji (1996). "The Travails of Migrant and Wage Labour in the Lagos Metropolitan Area in the Inter-War Years". ''Labour History Review''. Liverpool University Press. '''61''': 49–70. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.3828/lhr.61.1.49. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</ref><ref>"Lagos Metropolitan Area: Scope and scale of the shelter problem". Retrieved 27 November 2015.</ref>sun hada da manyan biranen<ref>"Administrative Levels - Lagos State". Nigeria Congress. Archived from the original on 25 December 2005. Retrieved 27 November 2015.</ref> jahar guda 16 har da Ikeja.<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/ha/tag/lagos/</ref> Wannan manyan birane sun mamaye kashi 37% na fadin kasar Legas, sannan tana dauke da fiye da kaso 86% na mutanen jahar Legas. Akwai rudani game da ainihin yawan mutane birnin Legas. A kidaya da akayi na shekara ta 2006 ya nuna cewa akwai adadin mutane miliyan 8 a birnin. Sai dai gwamnatin jahar ta nuna rashin amincewarta ga adadin kidayan inda ta daki nata adadin da kimanin mutane miliyan 16. A shekara ta 2015 wani kundi wanda gwamnati bata tantance shi ya sanya mutanen Legas har zuwa kusa da jahar Ogun kimanin mutum miliyan 21.<ref>Metro Lagos (Nigeria): Local Government Areas". City Population. 21 March 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6 |publisher=Lagos State Government |title=Population |year=2011 |access-date=3 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018094514/http://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/pagelinks.php?p=6 |archive-date=18 October 2015 }}</ref><ref name="The sustainable city">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wmk3mCrMDTQC&q=153%2C540+hectares&pg=PA160 |title=The Sustainable City VII: Urban Regeneration and Sustainability |year=2012 |isbn=9781845645786 |last1=Pacetti |first1=M. |last2=Passerini |first2=G. |last3=Brebbia |first3=C.A. |last4=Latini |first4=G.}}</ref> == Tarihi: == [[File:Lagos State Flag (1967-1970).svg|thumb|left|Tambarin Lagos na Musamman]] [[File:National Theater in Lagos State-Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Lagos]] [[File:Yellow bus, lagos state.jpg|thumb|Lagos]] Mutanen Awori (reshen yaren yarabanci) ne suka fara zama a ainihin garin a karni na 15.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Iy6FAAAAIAAJ&q=Awori+Yoruba+in+Lagos|title=Lagos: the city is the people (World cities series)|first=Margaret|last=Peil|publisher=G.K. Hall|year=1991|page=5|isbn=978-0-816-1729-93}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A0XNvklcqbwC&pg=RA1-PA28|title=Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1|first1=Anthony|last1=Appiah|first2=Henry Louis|last2=Gates|page=28|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-195-3377-09}}</ref><ref name=urban>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKc5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA427|page=427|title=Encyclopedia of Urban Studies|first=Ray|last=Hutchison|publisher=SAGE|year=2009|isbn=978-1-412-9143-21}}</ref> Daga baya mutanen Awori sun koma wani tsiburi da ake kira Iddo sannan sai kuma babban tsiburin Lagos.<ref>{{cite book|title=Patrons and Power: Creating a Political Community in Metropolitan Lagos|first=Sandra T.|last=Barnes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_IsNliDF6kC&q=awori+Yoruba+Lagos&pg=PA114|page=20|year=1986|isbn=978-0-2533-4297-3|publisher=Indiana University Press, International African Library|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=African Cities: Competing Claims on Urban Spaces|first1=Francesca|last1=Locatelli|first2=Paul|last2=Nugent|year=2009|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-9-0041-6264-8|page=114|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A_IsNliDF6kC&q=olofin+yoruba+lagos&pg=PA114|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222140327/https://books.google.com/books?id=A_IsNliDF6kC&q=olofin+yoruba+lagos&pg=PA114|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 December 2020|access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>A karni na 16, Daular Benin ta ci nasarar mutanen mamaye mutane Awori sannan tsibirin ya zama tushen yaki wanda ake kira Eko a karkashin Oba (sarki) na lokacin.<ref name="Williamsguide">{{cite book|title=Nigeria: The Bradt Travel Guide|first=Lizzie|last=Williams|page=110|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|year=2008|isbn=978-1-84162-239-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fwuQ71ZbaOcC&pg=PA110}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Kingdoms of the Yoruba|first=Robert Sydney|last=Smith|page=73|edition=3|publisher=[[University of Wisconsin Press]]|year=1988|isbn=0-299-11604-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ric6OhxbCS0C&pg=PA73}}</ref> Har yanzu ana kiran garin legas Eko a gargajiyance.v Legas wanda ke nufin "tafki" (lakes) a You Portugal suna ne wanda mutanen Portugal suka baiwa wajen. A tarihance, garin ya kasance yana da yaruka daba daban wanda suke rayuwa a wajen. Bayan mutanen Awori da kuma mamaye ta daga jaruman mayakan Bini, jihar ta jawo ra'ayin turawan Portugal a karni na 15.<ref>"The Origin of Eko (Lagos)". Edo Nation. Retrieved 2 June 2010.</ref> Mai binciken kasashe dan Portugal ya ziyarci wajen a shekara ta 1472, inda ya sanya wa wajen suna ''Lago de Curamo'' watau ''Tafkin Curamo.'' A farkon karni na (19), Turawa sunyi kokarin kawo karshen cinikayyar bayi na "Transatlantic Slave Trade" ta hanyar kafa kungiyoyin "West Africa Squadron" ko kuma "Preventative Squadron" wanda sukayi ta bibiyar jiragen ruwa da ke daukan bayi daga yankunan da ke kusa da ruwa kama daga Sierra Leone har zuwa Kogin Niger Delta (watau Najeriya a yau) da kuma can nesa da kudancin yankin Congo don kafa dokaki da manyan mutane dake yankin Afurka ta yamma.<ref>"Smith, Robert (January 1979). ''The Lagos Consulate 1851-1861''. Macmillan. p. 2. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9780520037465|<bdi>9780520037465</bdi>]].</ref>A shekara ta 1849 Turawa sun nada [[John Beecroft]] a matsayin karamin jakadan Benin da Biafra matsayin da ya rike (a karkashin gwamna Fernando Po) har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1854. An nada [[John Duncan (traveller in Africa)|John Duncan]] a matsayin maitamakin karamin jakada kuma an maida shi Wydah. == Labarin Kasa; == An kasa Lagos zuwa kashi biyu, kasa (mainland) da kuma tsiburi (Island) === Sashin Birnin; === Gini mafi tsawo a Najeriya yana Lagos. A iya samun tsarin gine-gine na zamani na turawa iri-iri a birnin Lagos. Ana iya samun tsarin gine-ginen Brazil kamansu Water House da Shitta Bey Mosque.<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KbT5AQAAQBAJ&q=Lagos+european+brazilian+colonial+architecture&pg=PA118|page=118|title=The Human Factor in Changing Africa|first=Melville J.|last=Herskovits|publisher=Routledge, 2013|isbn=978-1-136-5296-10|date=2013-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-09-06/news/8703080006_1_brazilian-nigeria-calabar|title=Brazilian Houses In Nigeria Are A Legacy Of Thousands Of Freed Slaves|location=New York|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|first=James|last=Brook|date=6 September 1987|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-date=16 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816232816/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1987-09-06/news/8703080006_1_brazilian-nigeria-calabar|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://life.guardian.ng/2016/10/five-architectural-wonders-of-lagos/|title=Five Architectural Wonders of Lagos|website=The Guardian|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-date=21 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521055336/http://life.guardian.ng/2016/10/five-architectural-wonders-of-lagos/|url-status=dead}}</ref>Benaye na skyscrappers na nan a tsakiyar tsibirin sannan akwai gine-gine masu tsawo a sashen cikin gari (mainland).<ref>"Bakare, Tonye (15 May 2016). "Open House Lagos opens a new vista in Lagos architecture". ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 27 August 2017.</ref>A kwanan nan ne gwamnati ta tada tsofaffin wuraren shakatawa da kuma dazuka da nufin fadada filayen zaman al'umma. Akwai gine-gine na ado na ban sha'awa da kece raini da yawa a cikin birnin.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EhjXqHlEg8EC&q=independence+high+rise+lagos|title=Geography, Update: Realms, Regions, and Concepts|first1=Harm|last1=de Blij|first2= Peter O.|last2= Muller|publisher=Wiley, 1998|isbn=9780471291121|page=349|date=1998-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|jstor=25473387|title=The Politics of Architecture and Urbanism in Postcolonial Lagos, 1960-1986|first=Daniel|last=Immerwahr|journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies|volume=19| number=2|page=165-186|publisher= Taylor & Francis, Ltd.}} {{dead link|date=April 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Google Arts and culture (The Centenary Project)|url=https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/colonial-footprints-lagos-then-and-now/ARivCwds|title=A cursory look at the colonial roots of Lagos, Nigeria|date= 1 March 2014|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityscape.org/the-rise-of-future-cities-in-sub-saharan-africa/|website=Cityscape|access-date=30 May 2017|title=THE RISE OF FUTURE CITIES IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://independent.ng/rising-residential-towers-in-lagos-changing-the-megacity-skyline/|title=Rising Residential Towers In Lagos: Changing The Megacity Skyline|author=Akin George - 29 November 2016|newspaper=Independent|access-date=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816193205/http://independent.ng/rising-residential-towers-in-lagos-changing-the-megacity-skyline/|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Tsibiri (Island); === Island shine kalmar geography wacce ake amfani da ita wajen kiran wuraren da ke kan hanyoyin ruwan da suka hadu da tekun Atlantic Ocean wanda ya samar da bakin tekun Lagos, da waje mai turbaya a Lagos (mainland). Tsibirin din ya hada da tsibirai daban-daban wanda koramu ke tsakaninsu wanda aka hade su da gadoji. Wannan sashin na Lagos shine ainihin wurin kasuwanci da bushasha. Kuma a wannan yankin ne benaye na zamani suke. Kananan hukumomi dake cikin tsibirin sun hada da [[Lagos Island]] da [[Eti-Osa]]. Sannan kuma ainihin wuraren dake da manyan gidaje sun hada da [[Ikoyi]] da kuma [[Victoria Island (Nigeria)|Victoria Island]]. Wani sashi mai mahimmanci na tsibirin Lagos shine Marina. yana nan dab da kasuwannin idumota da Balogun kuma a nan ne mafi akasarin bankuna da wuraren cinikayya suke. Gadoji guda uku suka hade tsibirin da kuma sashin doron kasa na Lagos. Sune gadar [[Carter Bridge]] wacce ta fara daga Iddo, gadar [[Eko Bridge]] wacce akafi sani da a da da gadar mainland ta biyu, sai kuma gada ta uku watau [[Third Mainland Bridge]] wacce ta taho daga sashin mai tarin jama'a zuwa koramar Lagos (Lagos lagoon). Akwai kuma gadar Ikoyi wanda ke cikin tsibirn, wacce ta hada Ikoyi da Lekki Phase 1.<ref>"Lekki-Ikoyi Link Bridge in Lagos, Nigeria". ''Julius Berger International''. Retrieved 27 January 2022.</ref>Za'a fara ginin gada na hudu a shekara ta 2022 a cewar gwmanan Lagos, Babajide Sanwo-Olu.<ref>"Sanwo-Olu says Opebi-Mende link bridge, 4th mainland bridge projects to commence 2022 - Nairametrics". 3 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January2022.</ref><ref>"Lagos to begin construction of 4th Mainland Bridge 2022 - Sanwo-Olu - P.M. News". Retrieved 15 January 2022.</ref> === Lagos Islan; === Lagos Island shi ke dauke da cibiyar kasuwancin garin [[Central business district|(central business district]]). Gundumar na dauke da manyan benaye. Wurin har wayau na dauke da manyan wararen kasuwanci kamar Idumota da kuma kasuwar Balogun. === Ikoyi; === [[Ikoyi]] wani yanki ne dake gabacin [[Lagos Island| tsibirin Lagos]]. Har wayau, Ikoyi ta hade da Victoria Island ta gadar Falomo Brigde. Hedikwatocin gwamnatin tarayya da sauran wuraren gwamnatin kamar Federal secretariat Complex duk suna cikin Ikoyi. A cikin Ikoyi akwai barikin sojojin da na 'yan sanda da gidajen yari masu tsaro sosai. === Victoria Island; === Tsibirin [[Victoria Island, Lagos| Victoria Island]] na yankin kudancin Lagos Island. Tana da wuraren haya masu tsadan gaske da kuma wuraren holewa da shakatawa duk auna can. Wannan tsibiri tare da Ikoyi na da wuraren kasuwanci sannan kuma akwai gabar teku na shakatawa da aka tsara. === Ajah/Lekki; === Itama Lekki tana da wurare masu alfarma kaman makwabtan ta Ikoyi da Victoria Island. Girman yankin ya fara daga Lekki toll gate, (inda nan ne aka gudanar da zanzangar #EndSars a watan October shekara ta 2019) har zuwa Ibeju-Lekki da sauran kananan yankuna da ke gefen ta. Akwai wurare na gani na fada acikin Lekki, kamar su Lekki Conservation Centre da Novare Mall daLekki Free Trade Zone – Dangote, Lagos Business School, Eleko Beach, Elegushi Beach, La Campaigne Tropicana – beach/tourist getaway, jami'ar Pan-Atlantic University. Har wayau wurin na takama da babban mutuware na Catholica dake Lekki. === Iddo; === Akan hanyar ruwa na tafkin tsibirin Lagos akwai wani karamin garin da ake kira Iddo. Iddo ta kasance akan hanyar titin jirgin kasa kuma tana karkashin karamar hukumar Lagos mainland<ref>"Giant Cities of Tiny Islands" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2012</ref> === MainLand; === Akwai tarin mutanen Lagos a Lagos Mainland sannan mafi akasarin ma'aikatu suna can. An san yankin da mawaka da kuma wuraren rawa na dare kamar Yaba da Surulere. == Yanayi; == Lagos na da yanayi na tropical savanna climate (Aw) a tsarin rabon yanayi na "Köppen climate classification". Wato akwai ruwan sama na tsawon watanni hudu na ruwa mai karfi 60mm (2.4in). Damuna na farawa ne daga watan Aprelu zuwa October, a yayin da rani kan fara daga watan Nuwamba zuwa March. Watan da yafi kowanne ruwan sama mai karfi shine June akalla 315.5 mm ko kuma 12.42in a watan. Sannan kuma wata mafi karancin ruwan sama shine January wanda ke da kasa da 13.2 mm (0.52in). Lagos na da yanayi na zafi/sanyi da ke tsakanin 28.3 zuwa 32.9°C (82.9 zuwa 91.2 °F). Lagos na da irin yanayi na Southern Hemisphere, da lokaci mafi zafi acikin watan March da kimanin 32.9 zuwa 24.1 °C (91.2 zuwa 75.4 °F). Sannan wata mafi karancin zafi shine August 28.3 to 21.8 °C (82.9 to 71.2 °F). {{Weather box |location = Lagos ([[Murtala Muhammed International Airport]]) 1961–1990, extremes: 1886–present |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 40.0 |Feb record high C = 37.1 |Mar record high C = 37.0 |Apr record high C = 39.6 |May record high C = 37.0 |Jun record high C = 37.6 |Jul record high C = 33.2 |Aug record high C = 33.0 |Sep record high C = 33.2 |Oct record high C = 33.7 |Nov record high C = 39.9 |Dec record high C = 36.4 |year record high C = 40.0 |Jan high C = 32.2 |Feb high C = 33.2 |Mar high C = 32.9 |Apr high C = 32.2 |May high C = 30.9 |Jun high C = 29.3 |Jul high C = 28.2 |Aug high C = 28.3 |Sep high C = 28.9 |Oct high C = 30.3 |Nov high C = 31.4 |Dec high C = 31.8 |year high C = 30.8 |Jan mean C = 27.3 |Feb mean C = 28.4 |Mar mean C = 28.5 |Apr mean C = 28.0 |May mean C = 27.0 |Jun mean C = 25.6 |Jul mean C = 25.2 |Aug mean C = 25.0 |Sep mean C = 25.5 |Oct mean C = 26.4 |Nov mean C = 27.2 |Dec mean C = 27.2 |year mean C = 26.8 |Jan low C = 22.4 |Feb low C = 23.7 |Mar low C = 24.1 |Apr low C = 23.7 |May low C = 23.2 |Jun low C = 21.9 |Jul low C = 22.3 |Aug low C = 21.8 |Sep low C = 22.1 |Oct low C = 22.4 |Nov low C = 23.0 |Dec low C = 22.5 |year low C = 22.8 |Jan record low C = 12.6 |Feb record low C = 16.1 |Mar record low C = 14.0 |Apr record low C = 14.9 |May record low C = 20.0 |Jun record low C = 21.2 |Jul record low C = 15.0 |Aug record low C = 19.0 |Sep record low C = 13.0 |Oct record low C = 17.9 |Nov record low C = 11.1 |Dec record low C = 11.6 |year record low C = 11.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 13.2 |Feb precipitation mm = 40.6 |Mar precipitation mm = 84.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 146.3 |May precipitation mm = 202.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 315.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 243.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 121.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 160.0 |Oct precipitation mm = 125.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 39.7 |Dec precipitation mm = 14.8 |year precipitation mm = 1506.6 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm |Jan precipitation days = 1.5 |Feb precipitation days = 2.8 |Mar precipitation days = 6.6 |Apr precipitation days = 9.0 |May precipitation days = 12.5 |Jun precipitation days = 16.2 |Jul precipitation days = 13.2 |Aug precipitation days = 11.6 |Sep precipitation days = 12.7 |Oct precipitation days = 11.2 |Nov precipitation days = 4.9 |Dec precipitation days = 2.1 |year precipitation days = 104.3 |Jan humidity = 81 |Feb humidity = 79 |Mar humidity = 76 |Apr humidity = 82 |May humidity = 84 |Jun humidity = 87 |Jul humidity = 87 |Aug humidity = 85 |Sep humidity = 86 |Oct humidity = 87 |Nov humidity = 84 |Dec humidity = 82 |year humidity = 83 | Jan dew point C =21 | Feb dew point C =24 | Mar dew point C =25 | Apr dew point C =25 | May dew point C =24 | Jun dew point C =24 | Jul dew point C =23 | Aug dew point C =23 | Sep dew point C =24 | Oct dew point C =24 | Nov dew point C =24 | Dec dew point C =23 | Jand sun =5.3 | Febd sun =6.1 | Mard sun =5.6 | Aprd sun =6.0 | Mayd sun =5.7 | Jund sun =3.8 | Juld sun =3.2 | Augd sun =3.5 | Sepd sun =3.8 | Octd sun =5.4 | Novd sun =6.2 | Decd sun =6.2 |Jan sun = 164.3 |Feb sun = 168.0 |Mar sun = 173.6 |Apr sun = 180.0 |May sun = 176.7 |Jun sun = 114.0 |Jul sun = 99.2 |Aug sun = 108.5 |Sep sun = 114.0 |Oct sun = 167.4 |Nov sun = 186.0 |Dec sun = 192.2 |year sun = 1843.9 | source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1952–1967),<ref> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_652010_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Lagos-Ikeja (Flugh.) / Nigeria | publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref> NOAA (monthly sun hours)<ref name = NOAA> {{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65201.TXT | title = Lagos Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref> |source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)<ref name = meteoclimat> {{cite web | url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1769 | title = Station Murtala | publisher = Meteo Climat | language = fr | access-date = 7 July 2016}}</ref> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/nigeria/lagos/climate |title = Climate & Weather Averages in Lagos, Nigeria |publisher = Time and Date |access-date = 10 January 2022}}</ref> Weather Atlas (daily sun hours)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/lagos-climate#daylight_sunshine |title = Monthly weather forecast and climate in Lagos, Nigeria |publisher = Weather Atlas |access-date = 10 January 2022 |archive-date = 10 January 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220110110911/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/nigeria/lagos-climate#daylight_sunshine |url-status = dead }}</ref> }} == Al'umma. == == Tattalin Arziki == == Al'adu. == == Wuraren Shakatawa. == ==Manazarta;== {{reflist|4}} [[Category:Biranen Najeriya]] [[Category:Lagos]] cdt37cvkn9dtmjcdfxejrn07vrrw11k 0 9089 827969 812379 2026-04-30T12:59:50Z Lamba6334 25787 827969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sen. Ibrahim Mohammed Bomai.jpg|thumb|Bukar Ibrahim tsohon gwamnan jihar yobe]] Alhaji '''Bukar Abba Ibrahim''' (An haife shi cikin watan Oktoban shekarar 1950, ya rasu ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2024), ɗan siyasa ne a [[Najeriya]], yayi Gwamnan [[Jihar Yobe]], daga ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1999 zuwa 29 ga watan Mayun na shekarar 2007, kafin nan ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin gwamna daga shekarar Janairu 1992 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 1993, a jam'iyyar [[All Nigeria People's Party|ANPP]]. Hakazalika, a shekarar 2007 ya taɓa tsayuwa takarar neman kujerar shugaban ƙasa a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar ANPP din,<ref name="nassnig">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=115&page=1&state=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181153/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=115&page=1&state=36 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |title=Sen. (Dr) Bukar Abba Ibrahim |publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria }}</ref> yayi Sanata mai wakiltar Yobe ta gabas, a ƙarƙashin jamiyar APC daga shekarar 2007 zuwa shekarar 2024. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Bukar}} [[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]] [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] ozqn4ti5777cs885kfjrzr0i9z5bgit 827973 827969 2026-04-30T13:00:51Z Lamba6334 25787 827973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Sen. Ibrahim Mohammed Bomai.jpg|thumb|Bukar Ibrahim tsohon gwamnan jihar yobe]] Alhaji '''Bukar Abba Ibrahim''' (An haife shi cikin watan Oktoban shekarar 1950, ya rasu ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2024), ɗan siyasa ne a [[Najeriya]], yayi Gwamnan [[Jihar Yobe]], daga ranar 29 ga watan Mayu, shekarar 1999 zuwa 29 ga watan Mayun na shekarar 2007, kafin nan ya taɓa riƙe muƙamin gwamna daga shekarar Janairu 1992 zuwa Nuwamban shekarar 1993, a jam'iyyar [[All Nigeria People's Party|ANPP]]. Hakazalika, a shekarar 2007 ya taɓa tsayuwa takarar neman kujerar shugaban ƙasa a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar ANPP ɗin,<ref name="nassnig">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=115&page=1&state=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181153/http://www.nassnig.org/senate/member.php?senator=115&page=1&state=36 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |title=Sen. (Dr) Bukar Abba Ibrahim |publisher=National Assembly of Nigeria }}</ref> yayi Sanata mai wakiltar Yobe ta gabas, a ƙarƙashin jamiyar APC daga shekarar 2007 zuwa shekarar 2024. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Bukar}} [[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]] [[Category:dan siyasan Najeriya]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Sanatocin Najeriya]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Category:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Category:Mutane daga jihar Yobe]] [[Category:Yan siyasa]] 45vt5obcvddy4wrj6ovzjurmnqokpa0 0 9373 828157 814850 2026-04-30T21:05:09Z Bauchi 1 40103 828157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Bauchi]], a [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | work = | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx | archivedate = 2012-11-26}}</ref> Hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar ta tana cikin garin '''Toro. Ƙaramar hukumar tana da yankuna guda uku (Toro), (Lame),da (Jama'a). Ita ce ƙaramar hukuma mafi girma a Najeriya. Toro tana da fadin 6,932 km², kuma akwai yawan jama’a 350,404 bisa ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. ==Yanayi == Tana da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 29.87°C, ruwan sama milimita 88.52, da kuma kwanaki 119.3 na ruwan sama, Toro gabaɗaya tana da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa na wurare masu zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro, Bauchi, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/bauchi/toro |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61864/Average-Weather-in-Toro-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Toro Pinungga, Indonesia |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1901969/climate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] f4o1ebspyh1ilziyutquhjwm0fi1u09 828158 828157 2026-04-30T21:05:30Z Bauchi 1 40103 828158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Bauchi]], a [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | work = | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx | archivedate = 2012-11-26}}</ref> Hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar ta tana cikin garin '''Toro'''. Ƙaramar hukumar tana da yankuna guda uku (Toro), (Lame),da (Jama'a). Ita ce ƙaramar hukuma mafi girma a Najeriya. Toro tana da fadin 6,932 km², kuma akwai yawan jama’a 350,404 bisa ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. ==Yanayi == Tana da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 29.87°C, ruwan sama milimita 88.52, da kuma kwanaki 119.3 na ruwan sama, Toro gabaɗaya tana da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa na wurare masu zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro, Bauchi, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/bauchi/toro |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61864/Average-Weather-in-Toro-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Toro Pinungga, Indonesia |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1901969/climate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] te20cyftjqva9ehf7srj0pbklmf3fmr 828159 828158 2026-04-30T21:06:19Z Bauchi 1 40103 828159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Bauchi]], a [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | work = | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx | archivedate = 2012-11-26}}</ref> Hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar ta tana cikin garin '''Toro'''. Ƙaramar hukumar tana da yankuna guda uku (Toro), (Lame),da (Jama'a). Ita ce ƙaramar hukuma mafi girma a [[Najeriya]] Toro tana da fadin 6,932 km², kuma akwai yawan jama’a 350,404 bisa ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. ==Yanayi == Tana da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 29.87°C, ruwan sama milimita 88.52, da kuma kwanaki 119.3 na ruwan sama, Toro gabaɗaya tana da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa na wurare masu zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro, Bauchi, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/bauchi/toro |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61864/Average-Weather-in-Toro-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Toro Pinungga, Indonesia |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1901969/climate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] 34rf5bywywwo15gy083tjz3l45zvtjd 828160 828159 2026-04-30T21:06:34Z Bauchi 1 40103 828160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Bauchi]], a [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | work = | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx | archivedate = 2012-11-26}}</ref> Hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar ta tana cikin garin '''Toro'''. Ƙaramar hukumar tana da yankuna guda uku (Toro), (Lame),da (Jama'a). Ita ce ƙaramar hukuma mafi girma a [[Najeriya]]. Toro tana da fadin 6,932 km², kuma akwai yawan jama’a 350,404 bisa ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. ==Yanayi == Tana da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 29.87°C, ruwan sama milimita 88.52, da kuma kwanaki 119.3 na ruwan sama, Toro gabaɗaya tana da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa na wurare masu zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro, Bauchi, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/bauchi/toro |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61864/Average-Weather-in-Toro-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Toro Pinungga, Indonesia |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1901969/climate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] ahq29a6zdltjz9yn8o8pfl4bgsgxb19 828161 828160 2026-04-30T21:06:57Z Bauchi 1 40103 828161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Bauchi]], a [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | work = | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx | archivedate = 2012-11-26}}</ref> Hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar ta tana cikin garin '''Toro'''. Ƙaramar hukumar tana da yankuna guda uku (Toro), (Lame),da (Jama'a). Ita ce ƙaramar hukuma mafi girma a [[Najeriya]]. '''Toro tana da fadin 6,932 km², kuma akwai yawan jama’a 350,404 bisa ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. ==Yanayi == Tana da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 29.87°C, ruwan sama milimita 88.52, da kuma kwanaki 119.3 na ruwan sama, Toro gabaɗaya tana da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa na wurare masu zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro, Bauchi, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/bauchi/toro |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61864/Average-Weather-in-Toro-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Toro Pinungga, Indonesia |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1901969/climate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] jmv1bntseqwi64nt89n488lp0e1nqbc 828162 828161 2026-04-30T21:07:36Z Bauchi 1 40103 828162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Toro''' [[Kananan Hukumomin Nijeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce dake a [[Jihar Bauchi]], a [[Arewa (Najeriya)|arewa]] maso gabashin [[Nijeriya]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Post Offices- with map of LGA | work = | publisher = NIPOST | url = http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx | accessdate = 2009-10-20 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx | archivedate = 2012-11-26}}</ref> Hedkwatar ƙaramar hukumar ta tana cikin garin '''Toro'''. Ƙaramar hukumar tana da yankuna guda uku (Toro), (Lame),da (Jama'a). Ita ce ƙaramar hukuma mafi girma a [[Najeriya]]. '''Toro''' tana da fadin 6,932 km², kuma akwai yawan jama’a 350,404 bisa ƙidayar shekara ta 2006. ==Yanayi == Tana da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 29.87°C, ruwan sama milimita 88.52, da kuma kwanaki 119.3 na ruwan sama, Toro gabaɗaya tana da yanayi mai danshi da bushewa na wurare masu zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro, Bauchi, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/bauchi/toro |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Toro Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/61864/Average-Weather-in-Toro-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate & Weather Averages in Toro Pinungga, Indonesia |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/@1901969/climate |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=www.timeanddate.com |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Stub}} [[Category:Kananan hukumomin jihar Bauchi]] q5c97wtf48hzgnvokpek9peqxcs9u3g 0 15241 828135 723360 2026-04-30T19:41:48Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342828351|Maimunat Adaji]]" 828135 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}Hajiya Maimuna Usman Adaji ko Maimunat Adaji (c. 1957 – 2019) yar siyasan Najeriya ce. An fara zabe ta a Majalisar Wakilai a shekarar 2003. An sake zabe ta a shekarar 2011 a Jam’iyyar All Nigeria Peoples Party. == Rayuwa == Ta kasance malama <ref name="allaf" /> wacce ke da makaranta kuma 'yar siyasa ce a [[Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta hudu|Jamhuriyar Najeriya ta huɗu]] . Adaji ta zauna a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]] a mafi kyawun rayuwarta wacce ta wakilci mazabar tarayya ta Baruten / Kaiama tsakanin 2003 da 2011. An fara zabar ta a Majalisar Wakilai a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celebrities 28 04 13 |url=https://issuu.com/dailynwatch/docs/celebrities_28-04-13/5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810121542/https://issuu.com/dailynwatch/docs/celebrities_28-04-13/5 |archive-date=2021-08-10 |access-date=2020-05-05 |website=Issuu |language=en}}</ref> Ta kasance memba na All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) wanda ya lashe zaben ta a cikin jam'iyyar People's Democratic Party (PDP) da ta mamaye yankin.<ref name="allaf">{{Cite web |last=Dambatta |first=Nasiru |date=5 July 2003 |title=Nigerian Men Will See Political Changes - Interview: Hon. Maimuna Adaji |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200307071043.html |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> Adaji ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin harkokin cikin gida karkashin jagorancin West Idahosa . <ref>{{Cite journal |date=August 2007 |title=HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEES - 2007 |url=http://www.cislacnigeria.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/Digest-August-2007.pdf |journal=Legislative Digest |volume=1 |issue=11 |pages=9–11}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011 an zabe ta a Majalisar Wakilai . Sauran matan da aka zaba a wannan shekarar sun hada da [[Suleiman Oba Nimota]], [[Folake Olunloyo]], [[Martha Bodunrin]], [[Betty Okogua-Apiafi]], [[Rose Okoji Oko|Rose Oko]] da [[Nkoyo Toyo]] . == Mutuwa == Adaji ya mutu a shekarar 2019 yana da shekaru 62. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1957]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] oxqh12s0lr15klq8sv8aezru85ifewe 0 15926 828217 555699 2026-05-01T02:10:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Desert Flower 66ème Festival de Venise (Mostra).jpg|thumb|hoton liya tare da wash ahali a wani taro da ta halarta]] '''Liya Kebede''' (amhara|ሊያ ከበደ; haihuwa 1 ga watan Maris 1978)<ref name=BOF>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/liya-kebede|title=Liya Kebede|work=Business of Fashion|accessdate=27 October 2019}}</ref> ta kasance yar shirin fim din [[Ethiopia]] ce, model, maternal health advocate, clothing designer. Ta bayyana a bangon ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'' har sau uku.<ref>https://howtospendit.ft.com/womens-style/207652-the-unstoppable-liya-kebede-and-her-ethical-brand-lemlem{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:Liya Kebede David Shankbone 2010.jpg|thumb|Liya Kebede]] Kebede tayi aiki amatsayin [[World Health Organization|WHO's]] Ambassador na Maternal, sabbin haihuwa da kiwon lafiyar yara tun a shekarar 2005.<ref name="who.int">[https://www.who.int/goodwill_ambassadors/liya_kebede/role/en/index.html] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091202040938/http://www.who.int/goodwill_ambassadors/liya_kebede/role/en/index.html|date=December 2, 2009}}</ref> == Farkon rayuwa da karatu == Kebede an haife ta da girman ta a [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]].<ref name="essence">Wiltz, Teresa. "The Swan." ''[[Essence (magazine)|Essence]]'' magazine (September 2004).</ref> itace mace ta farko a gidan su, tana da yan'uwa maza huɗu. Wani mai shirya fim [[Lycée Guebre-Mariam]] ta ganta a makarantar da ta koyi [[Faransanci|French]] sosai, kuma ta gabatar da ita ga French [[modeling agency|modeling agent]]. Bayan kammala karatun ta, ta koma [[France]] Dan cigaba da aikin ta a [[Paris]]ian agency. Kebede daga bisani ta koma US, da farko zuwa [[Chicago]] sannan ta koma [[New York City]].<ref>http://www.glamour.com/inspired/women-of-the-year/2013/liya-kebede-and-christy-turlington-burns</ref><ref>https://www.thecut.com/2017/10/the-story-behind-jake-gyllenhaals-calvin-klein-eternity-ad.html</ref><ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8238806.stm</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cnn.com/2007/SHOWBIZ/06/07/kebede.bio/index.html?section=cnn_latest|title= The model of perfection|work=CNN|date=June 11, 2007}}</ref> ==Aikin Modelling== [[File:Liya Kebede2.jpg|thumb|right|Kebede at a [[Carolina Herrera (fashion designer)|Carolina Herrera]] fashion show (2008)]] Kebede ta samu nasarar ta n'a farko a sanda [[Tom Ford]] ya nemi yin kwantaragi da ita a bikin sa na [[Gucci]] Fall/Winter 2000 fashion show.<ref name="essence"/> Then in May 2002 she was on the cover of Paris ''Vogue'', which dedicated the entire issue to her.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nymag.com/fashion/models/lkebede/liyakebede/ |title=Liya Kebede - Fashion Model |publisher=New York Magazine |date= |accessdate=2011-01-11 |archive-date=2010-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127161247/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/lkebede/liyakebede/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kebede ta riƙa fitowa a muhallai na [[Italy|Italian]], [[Japan]]ese, American, French and [[Spain|Spanish]] ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', ''[[V (American magazine)|V]]'', ''[[i-D]]'' da ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'''s ''Style & Design''. Ta kuma bayyana a tallace-tallacen fafutuka na [[Shiatzy Chen]], [[The Gap (clothing retailer)|Gap]], [[Yves Saint-Laurent (brand)|Yves Saint-Laurent]],<ref name="sterling">Sterling, Wayne. "Model Citizen." ''Savoy'' Magazine, page 31.</ref> [[Victoria's Secret]], [[Emanuel Ungaro]], [[Tommy Hilfiger]],<ref name="sterling"/> [[Revlon]],<ref name="sterling"/> [[Dolce & Gabbana]], [[Escada]] da [[Louis Vuitton]].<ref>https://www.gofugyourself.com/photos/may-vogues-1981-present/may-2009-models-1587953630</ref><ref>http://www.wwd.com/media-news/fashion-memopad/lacostes-unconventional-chic-hail-mario-testino-3409289</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070815233405/http://www.forbes.com/media/2007/07/19/models-media-bundchen-biz-media-cz_kb_0716topmodels.html</ref> ==Awards== A 2013, Kebede an sanya sunanta a [[Glamour (magazine)|''Glamour'']]'s Women of the Year saboda aikin ta na agaji da ta yi a Gidauniyar Liya Kebede.<ref name="Maplkact"/> ==Rayuwarta== [[File:Desert Flower 66ème Festival de Venise (Mostra) cropped.jpg|thumb|Liya Kebede]] A 2000, Kebede tayi aure da Ethiopian [[hedge fund]] manager Kassy Kebede.<ref name="essence"/> Suna da yara biyu tare, yaro Suhul (September 2000) da mace Raee (August 2005).<ref>Burke, Meredith Melling. "Cause for Celebration" US ''Vogue'' (December 2006).</ref> Har a zuwa 2007, suna zaune ne a [[Birnin New York]]. Amma ma'auratan sun rabu a 2013, sannan aurensu ya mutu a shekarar 2015.<ref>{{cite we |url=http://pagesix.com/2015/05/30/models-split-from-husband-finally-made-public/|title=Model's Split from husband finally made public|work=Page Six|last=Mohr|first=Ian}}</ref> ==Fina-finai== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Shekara !! Shiri !! Mataki !! Bayanai |- |2005|| ''[[Lord of War]]'' || Faith || |- |2006|| ''[[The Good Shepherd (film)|The Good Shepherd]]'' || Miriam || |- |2009|| ''[[Desert Flower (film)|Desert Flower]]'' || Waris Dirie || |- |2011|| ''[[Black Gold (2011 French film)|Black Gold]]'' || Aicha || |- |2012|| ''[[Sur la Piste du Marsupilami]]'' || Reine Paya || |- |2012|| ''[[Capital (film)|Capital]]'' || Nassim || |- |2013|| ''[[The Best Offer]]'' || Sarah || |- |2013|| ''[[Innocence (2013 film)|Innocence]]'' || Moira Neal || |- |2014|| ''[[Samba (2014 film)|Samba]]'' || Magali dite Gracieuse || |- |2018|| ''[[Nicky Larson et le Parfum de Cupidon]]'' || Fille professeur || |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Hadin waje == {{commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070223053325/http://www.liyakebede.com/ Official site], has scans of many sources for this article (after intro, select 'Press') *[http://www.ethiotube.net/video/36/Liya-Kebede Liya Kebede Fundraising Event] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809152129/http://www.ethiotube.net/video/36/Liya-Kebede |date=2016-08-09 }} EthioTube Video *{{Fashionmodel}} *{{IMDb name|1493135|Liya Kebede}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kebede, Liya}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1978]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] m11v46lg5mjx2wwijukfne2k3r76wwq 0 18961 828012 513565 2026-04-30T16:05:10Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828012 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Al-Nassr Club 1974.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ƙungiyar Al-Nassr a shekarar 1974]] [[File:Al-Nasr crowd.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wasu magoya bayan kungiyar]] [[Fayil:Persepolis V.S. Al-Nasr-9 April 2015 Azadi Stadium.JPG|thumb|kungiyar all nadir ]] '''Al-Nasra Football Club''' ( {{Lang-ar|نادي النصر السعودي}} ; ''Naṣr'' ma'ana "Nasara") ƙungiyar [[Saudi Arebiya|ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Saudiyya]] wacce aka ƙirƙira a shekarar [[1955]]. Kulob ɗin yana [[Riyadh]], babban birnin [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Al-Nassr sananne ne ta hanyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kulob ɗin yana da manyan magoya baya, wataƙila kulob ɗin da aka fi tallafawa a Saudi Arabia.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Al Nassr FC Trophies |url=http://www.alnassrfc.com/trophies |publisher=Al Nassr FC |access-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207045055/http://www.alnassrfc.com/trophies |archive-date=7 December 2014 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Zeid Bin Mutlaq Al-Ja'ba Al-Dewiah Al-mutiri ne ya kafa Al Nassr a shekarar 1955. An fara yin atisayen ƙungiyar a tsohon filin wasan su a Gashlat Al-shortah ta yamma ta Lambun Al-Fotah inda akwai ƙaramin filin wasa da ƙaramin ɗaki na ajiye ƙwallo da rigunan wasa. A ƙari ƴan uwa biyu na Al-Ja'ba, Ali da Issa Al-Ja'ba Owais sune na farko da suka fara aiki a ƙungiyar. Kulob ɗin ya kasance a rukunin matsakaita har zuwa 1960 lokacin da aka yi masa rajista a hukumance tare da Babban Shugabancin Walwalar Matasa. A wannan lokacin ne Abdul Rahman bin Saud Al Saud ya zama shugaban Al Nassr. Al Nassr ya fara ne a rukuni na biyu na gasar. An kai su rukuni na farko a shekarar 1963. A shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, kulob din ya lashe kofunan Premier huɗu na Saudiyya, kofunan Sarki shida, kofunan yarima mai jiran gado uku da kuma gasar cin kofin tarayya uku. An gina nasarar da tawagar ta samu a kusa da "Saudi Golden Trio" na Majed Abdullah, Fahd Al-Herafy da Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan. == 'Yan wasa == Yawancin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa daga Saudiyya sun yi wa ƙungiyar Al-Nassr wasa. Daga cikinsu akwai Majed Abdullah, Fahad Al-Herafy, Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan, Yousef Khamees da sauran fitattun 'yan wasa da yawa kamar su... * [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] * [[Sadio Mané]] * Anderson Talisca == Nasarori == * Saudi Pro League: sau da dama * King’s Cup: sau da dama * Saudi Super Cup: sau da dama == Shigarwa == Al-Nassr kayan launuka rawaya ne da shuɗi. Tambarin ya yi kama da [[Yankin Larabawa]] mai launuka iri dayya, mai alamar yashin Saudiyya da kuma tekun da ke kusa da ita. == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.nassr.com/ Tashar yanar gizo] [[Category:Kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Saudiyya]] cmwpj8zt2ylruoi2fjebl22usl671wo 828014 828012 2026-04-30T16:11:24Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo, Al-Nassr 19 Sep 2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Sadio Mané - Persepolis F.C. v Al Nassr FC, 19 September 2023.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo Al-Nassr 2023.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Al-Nassr Club 1974.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ƙungiyar Al-Nassr a shekarar 1974]] [[File:Al-Nasr crowd.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wasu magoya bayan kungiyar]] [[Fayil:Persepolis V.S. Al-Nasr-9 April 2015 Azadi Stadium.JPG|thumb|kungiyar all nadir ]] '''Al-Nasra Football Club''' ( {{Lang-ar|نادي النصر السعودي}} ; ''Naṣr'' ma'ana "Nasara") ƙungiyar [[Saudi Arebiya|ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Saudiyya]] wacce aka ƙirƙira a shekarar [[1955]]. Kulob ɗin yana [[Riyadh]], babban birnin [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Al-Nassr sananne ne ta hanyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kulob ɗin yana da manyan magoya baya, wataƙila kulob ɗin da aka fi tallafawa a Saudi Arabia.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Al Nassr FC Trophies |url=http://www.alnassrfc.com/trophies |publisher=Al Nassr FC |access-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207045055/http://www.alnassrfc.com/trophies |archive-date=7 December 2014 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Zeid Bin Mutlaq Al-Ja'ba Al-Dewiah Al-mutiri ne ya kafa Al Nassr a shekarar 1955. An fara yin atisayen ƙungiyar a tsohon filin wasan su a Gashlat Al-shortah ta yamma ta Lambun Al-Fotah inda akwai ƙaramin filin wasa da ƙaramin ɗaki na ajiye ƙwallo da rigunan wasa. A ƙari ƴan uwa biyu na Al-Ja'ba, Ali da Issa Al-Ja'ba Owais sune na farko da suka fara aiki a ƙungiyar. Kulob ɗin ya kasance a rukunin matsakaita har zuwa 1960 lokacin da aka yi masa rajista a hukumance tare da Babban Shugabancin Walwalar Matasa. A wannan lokacin ne Abdul Rahman bin Saud Al Saud ya zama shugaban Al Nassr. Al Nassr ya fara ne a rukuni na biyu na gasar. An kai su rukuni na farko a shekarar 1963. A shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, kulob din ya lashe kofunan Premier huɗu na Saudiyya, kofunan Sarki shida, kofunan yarima mai jiran gado uku da kuma gasar cin kofin tarayya uku. An gina nasarar da tawagar ta samu a kusa da "Saudi Golden Trio" na Majed Abdullah, Fahd Al-Herafy da Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan. == 'Yan wasa == Yawancin fitattun 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa daga Saudiyya sun yi wa ƙungiyar Al-Nassr wasa. Daga cikinsu akwai Majed Abdullah, Fahad Al-Herafy, Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan, Yousef Khamees da sauran fitattun 'yan wasa da yawa kamar su... * [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] * [[Sadio Mané]] * Anderson Talisca == Nasarori == * Saudi Pro League: sau da dama * King’s Cup: sau da dama * Saudi Super Cup: sau da dama == Shigarwa == Al-Nassr kayan launuka rawaya ne da shuɗi. Tambarin ya yi kama da [[Yankin Larabawa]] mai launuka iri dayya, mai alamar yashin Saudiyya da kuma tekun da ke kusa da ita. == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.nassr.com/ Tashar yanar gizo] [[Category:Kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Saudiyya]] i2tjrk4wvyd5wmdo23vu481hruewhlo 828287 828014 2026-05-01T07:12:15Z Mahuta 11340 828287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo, Al-Nassr 19 Sep 2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Sadio Mané - Persepolis F.C. v Al Nassr FC, 19 September 2023.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Cristiano Ronaldo Al-Nassr 2023.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Al-Nassr Club 1974.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Ƙungiyar Al-Nassr a shekarar 1974]] [[File:Al-Nasr crowd.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Wasu magoya bayan kungiyar]] [[Fayil:Persepolis V.S. Al-Nasr-9 April 2015 Azadi Stadium.JPG|thumb|kungiyar all nadir ]] '''Al-Nasra Football Club''' ( {{Lang-ar|نادي النصر السعودي}} ; ''Naṣr'' ma'ana "Nasara") ƙungiyar [[Saudi Arebiya|ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Saudiyya]] wacce aka ƙirƙira a shekarar [[1955]]. Kulob ɗin yana [[Riyadh]], babban birnin [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]] . Al-Nassr sananne ne ta hanyar Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Kulob ɗin yana da manyan magoya baya, wataƙila kulob ɗin da aka fi tallafawa a Saudi Arabia.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Al Nassr FC Trophies |url=http://www.alnassrfc.com/trophies |publisher=Al Nassr FC |access-date=4 December 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207045055/http://www.alnassrfc.com/trophies |archive-date=7 December 2014 }}</ref> == Tarihi == Zeid Bin Mutlaq Al-Ja'ba Al-Dewiah Al-mutiri ne ya kafa Al Nassr a shekarar 1955. An fara yin atisayen ƙungiyar a tsohon filin wasan su a Gashlat Al-shortah ta yamma ta Lambun Al-Fotah inda akwai ƙaramin filin wasa da ƙaramin ɗaki na ajiye ƙwallo da rigunan wasa. A ƙari ƴan uwa biyu na Al-Ja'ba, Ali da Issa Al-Ja'ba Owais sune na farko da suka fara aiki a ƙungiyar. Kulob ɗin ya kasance a rukunin matsakaita har zuwa 1960 lokacin da aka yi masa rajista a hukumance tare da Babban Shugabancin Walwalar Matasa. A wannan lokacin ne Abdul Rahman bin Saud Al Saud ya zama shugaban Al Nassr. Al Nassr ya fara ne a rukuni na biyu na gasar. An kai su rukuni na farko a shekarar 1963. A shekarun 1970 zuwa 1980, kulob din ya lashe kofunan Premier huɗu na Saudiyya, kofunan Sarki shida, kofunan yarima mai jiran gado uku da kuma gasar cin kofin tarayya uku. An gina nasarar da tawagar ta samu a kusa da "Saudi Golden Trio" na Majed Abdullah, Fahd Al-Herafy da Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan. == 'Yan wasa == Yawancin fitattun ƴan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa daga Saudiyya sun yi wa ƙungiyar Al-Nassr wasa. Daga cikinsu akwai Majed Abdullah, Fahad Al-Herafy, Mohaisn Al-Jam'aan, Yousef Khamees da sauran fitattun 'yan wasa da yawa kamar su... * [[Cristiano Ronaldo]] * [[Sadio Mané]] * Anderson Talisca == Nasarori == * Saudi Pro League: sau da dama * King’s Cup: sau da dama * Saudi Super Cup: sau da dama == Shigarwa == Al-Nassr kayan launuka rawaya ne da shuɗi. Tambarin ya yi kama da [[Yankin Larabawa]] mai launuka iri dayya, mai alamar yashin Saudiyya da kuma tekun da ke kusa da ita. == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.nassr.com/ Tashar yanar gizo] [[Category:Kungiyoyin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] [[Category:Kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Saudiyya]] nx008sropngnmq2mdce0lkorfca9xv3 0 19051 828143 499763 2026-04-30T20:09:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Imamzadeh Hilal ibn Ali-Laylat al-Qadr-Isfahan province-Iran-2014-Shia Muslims-Photo by Mustafa Meraji 15.jpg|thumb|musulmai na kokarim dace da daren]] [[Fayil:Imamzadeh Hilal ibn Ali-Laylat al-Qadr-Isfahan province-Iran-2014-Shia Muslims-Photo by Mustafa Meraji 19.jpg|thumb|Musulmao a Daren lailatul kadari a imamzadeh]] '''Laylat al-Qadr''' ( {{Lang-ar|'''لیلة القدر'''}} ) (wanda aka fi sani da '''Shab-e-Qadr''' ), asallan '''Daren Doka ne''' ko '''Daren Alkhairi''', ranar tunawa da ranaku biyu masu muhimmancin gaske a cikin addinin Islama. Yana a cikin watan Ramadan. Tunawa da daren da musulmai suka yi imani farkon ayoyin [[Al Kur'ani|Alkur'ani ne]] aka saukar wa annabin Musulunci [[Muhammad|Muhammadu]].<ref name="halim">{{cite book|last=Halim|first=Fachrizal A.|title=Legal Authority in Premodern Islam: Yahya B Sharaf Al-Nawawi in the Shafi'i School of Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=9781317749189|page=15|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=4 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104220030/https://books.google.com/books?id=RUqLBQAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Saleh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LtzzDQAAQBAJ&q=laylat+al-qad&pg=PA93|last1=Daneshgar|first1=Majid|last2=Saleh|first2=Walid A (eds)|title=Islamic Studies Today: Essays in Honor of Andrew Rippin|location=Leiden|date=2017|page=93|isbn=9789004337121|language=en|access-date=31 May 2017|archive-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304223435/https://books.google.com/books?id=LtzzDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA93&dq=laylat+al-qad|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sauran yanar gizo == * [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2855 Wani tsohon littafi ne daga 1683 wanda yayi magana akan Daren Lailatul kadari] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810073935/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2855 |date=2019-08-10 }} [[Category:Musulunci]] [[Category:Addini]] m25h56qoi1d9i1ay1pb76qnw9sz0cd7 4 21908 828185 827860 2026-04-30T21:26:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 828185 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Bk1949|Bk1949]] |[[Special:Contributions/Bk1949|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |2 |[[User:JackSaxon|JackSaxon]] |[[Special:Contributions/JackSaxon|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Maxi0902|Maxi0902]] |[[Special:Contributions/Maxi0902|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |4 |[[User:Foundational belief|Foundational belief]] |[[Special:Contributions/Foundational belief|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Itshankwill|Itshankwill]] |[[Special:Contributions/Itshankwill|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Guliolopez|Guliolopez]] |[[Special:Contributions/Guliolopez|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |7 |[[User:LegendOP|LegendOP]] |[[Special:Contributions/LegendOP|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Гришин 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|[[User:Wolff.hr|Wolff.hr]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wolff.hr|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026 |- |} exf24cxhhcrduvacf0py1dsfc8601su 0 23327 827965 820842 2026-04-30T12:56:57Z Lamba6334 25787 827965 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adamu Chiroma''' (An haifeshi a shekara ta 1938). Ya kasance ɗan siyasa ne na kasar [[Najeriya]]. ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== (An haife shi a shekarar 1934) a garin Pika da ke cikin tsohuwar jahar Borno, yanzu kuma ya koma jahar Yobe. 1943 - 1947: Makarantar elimantare ta Pika daga baya kuma ya koma Potiskum. 1947 - 1949: Makarantar midil ta Borno da ke Maiduguri. 1950 – 1955: Kwalejin Barewa da ke Zariya. 1955 – 1958: Nigerian College of Art Zaria, wacce yanzu ta koma ABU. 1958 – 1961: Jami’ar Ibadan (Ibadan University) inda ya yi karantun digiri a fannin tarihi (Bachelor of History). ==Gogayyar Aiki== “A lokacin duk wanda ya je makaranta ana jiransa da aiki, saboda haka ina fitowa sai aka bani aiki a ofishin Sardauna, inda na yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu. Daga baya kuma aka yi min DO (District Officer) a Mambila da kuma Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province); wannan lardi ta haɗa da Mubi, Goza, Ganye, da kuma Mambila. Sai dai, Mubi ita ce Helikwatar wannan lardi; Ganye da Mubi su ne Lardin Sardauna, amma da can baya, a cikin Kamaru (Cameroon) suke, Marigayi Sir Ahmadu Bello Sardauna ne ya yi ƙoƙari suka dawo Najeriya, saboda haka ake kiransu da sunansa, wato Lardin Sardauna (Sardauna Province)”. Marigayi Alhaji Adamu Ciroma (2017). Sai kuma a cikin shekarar 1965 ya koma zuwa gwamnatin tarayya da aiki, inda aka tura shi hukumar kula da ma’aikata (civil service). Suna cikin wannan aiki sai aka yi juyin mulkin 1966. A wannan guri ya yi aiki da Federal Ministry of Mines and Power (Lokacin Marigayi Ɗanmasanin Kano ne Ministan Ma’aikatar). Yana cikin wannan aiki sai gwamnatin Arewa ta kafa Jarida mai suna New Nigerian Newspaper. Sai aka yi masa Editan farko na wannan kamfanin jarida. Bayan edita ya riƙe janaral manaja, sai kuma manajan darekta na wannan kamfani. “Kamar yadda aka sani, gwamnoni suna son a yi abu yadda suke so, ni kuma ina son yin abu bisa doka da ƙa’ida da bin gaskiya, saboda haka sai muka samu saɓani da gwamnonin Arewa a lokacin, abin da ya haifar da bari na aiki kenan a wannan kamfani na jarida”. Sai kuma daga baya ya koma kamfanin masaƙa na United Nigerian Textile. Ya yi aiki a wannan kamfani na tsawon shekara biyu. Sai kawai aka yi juyin mulki na Murtala. Haka nan kuma a lokacin da yake kamfanin New Nigerian Newspaper, ya riƙe muƙamin darakta a Babban Banki Najeriya har zuwa ƙarshen zamansa na textile. Sannan kuma bayan juyin mulkin sojojin na farko, an zaɓe shi a matsayin wakili mai wakiltar Borno, zaɓen da aka yi shi ba tare da saninsa ba, sai dai kawai an sanar da shi cewa ya je [[Lagos]] don wakiltar jaharsa ta Barno a wajen taron sake tsara Kundin Mulkin Najeriya wanda aka kammala shi a shekarar 1979. “Muna tsaka da wannan aiki na tsarin mulki, sai maganar siyasa ta shigo ciki, saboda mutane suna cewa idan aka yi wannan tsarin mulki su waye za su gudanar da shi? Saboda haka a wannan zama aka kafa jama’iyyun siyasa da suka haɗa daNPN, PRP, da sauransu”. Bayan an kafa waɗannan jama’iyyu sai aka yi zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji [[Shehu Shagari]] a kan mulki. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma yana daga cikin waɗanda aka zaɓa don su tsaya takarar shugabanci ƙasa daga Arewa. Sunan sa shi ne na uku a wajen babban taron NPN da aka yi a Lagos (Convention). Bayan da aka kai waɗannan sunaye [[Lagos]] sai wasu ƴan arewa suka ce basu yarda ba suma sai an saka sunansu. Daga irin waɗannan mutane akwai [[Bukola Saraki]] da Iya Abubakar. Faruwar wannan sai aka ce to a sake zaɓe. Da aka sake zaɓe sai da aka sake saka sunayensu su uku da farko sannan kuma aka ƙara sunayen mutane uku. Bayan wannan kuma sai aka sake buga zaɓe. A karon farko sai aka sake watsar da waɗancan ukun aka sake fitar da ukun farko. Daga nan kuma sai aka shiga yarjejeniyar musamman tsakanin mutanen Barno da Kano. <ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/275190-buhari-obasanjo-atiku-dickson-others-mourn-as-adamu-ciroma-passes-on-at-83.html</ref> A wannan sulhu aka ce idan aka sake gudanar da wannan zaɓe na fitar da gwani kuma aka dace aka fitar da gwani guda ɗaya, akwai yiwuwar samun matsala, saboda haka sai shi Chiroma da Ɗanmasanin Kano suka janye wa Shagari. Saboda haka daga baya sai aka naɗa Adamu Chiroma ya zama sakataren jama’iyya, shi kuma Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya zama ɗantakara. Daga nan sai aka shiga hidimar kamfe, inda bayan an kaɗa zaɓe sai Shagari ya ci zaɓe. Gwamnan Babban Bankin Najeriya Bayan da ya bar aiki a New Nigerian Newspaper, gwamnati ta naɗa shi ya zama darakta na Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN). Muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru biyu. ==Barin Aiki da Shiga Siyasa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ɗan siyasa ne tun daga jamhuriya ta farko. A jamhuriyar farko ya yi jama’iyyar NPC, jamhuriya ta biyu kuma da shi aka kafa jama’iyyar NPN, sai kuma jamhuriya ta huɗu da aka kafa jama’iyyar PDP da shi. Alhaji Adamu Chiroma ya ce, “Ina cikin riƙe da wannan kujera, sai na samu saƙo daga jahata ta Barno cewa an zaɓe ni na wakilci Barno a wajen taron Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa. Kuma a dokance bai halasta ba mutum yana Gwamnan Babban Banki ya riƙe wani muƙami, sabod haka sai na rubuta takardar barin aiki. Tun daga wannan lokaci na shiga siyasa”. Zamowarsa Minista Bayan da aka ci zaɓen da ya ɗora Alhaji Shehu Shagari a kan kujerar shugabancin Najeriya, sai shi Shagari ya kira Adamu Chiroma cewa wanne muƙami yake so a cikin gwamnati. Shi kuma sai ya amsa masa da cewa, shi tun farko umarni aka bashi kuma ya bi, saboda haka duk aikin da aka bashi ko na kwasar shara ne zai iya yi. Saboda haka, sai aka yi masa ministan masana’antu (Minister of industry). Bayan shekara biyu kuma aka mayar da shi ma’aikatar gona (Ministry for Agriculture). Bayan sake sabon zaɓe kuma sai aka yi masa Ministan kuɗi (Minister of Finance). Haka nan ma a zamanin mulkin soja na shugaba Abacha ya riƙe ministan aikin gona (Agriculture). Kafa Jama’iyyar PDP Bayan an sake mu, wata rana ina Kaduna sai Marigayi Rimi da Sule suka zo suka same ni a Kaduna. Suka ce yanzu an sake sabuwar siyasa, kuma mun zauna a kurkuku mun fahimci juna. Menene abin yi? Sai na ce mu yi siyasar haɗin kai. Daga nan sai Rimi ya kira su Jerry Gana, su Solomon Lar, da sauran yaran ‘Yar’aduwa. Muma sai muka kira abokan siyarmu. Sai muka ce da su to, ga siyasa, sannan kuma abubuwan da aka yi mana na cin mutunci har zuwa lokacin Abacha. Saboda haka mu, bamu yarda soja su dama da mu ba. Mu faɗa mu cewa mu bamu yarda a yi siyasar cutar jama’a ba. Saboda haka sai muka rubutawa Abacha cewa lallai bamu yarda ba sai ya sauka. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44736022</ref> Bayan faruwar waɗannan abubuwa sai muka kafa PDP. Da muka kafa jama’iyyar ta PDP sai muka ɗebo dukkan tunanin gyara ƙasa, haɗa kai, da kula da jama’a, muka yarada cewa: 1. [[Najeriya]] tana buƙatar mutane daga kowane gefe da kowane shahi su haɗa kai; 2. Mutane su girmama juna; 3. Su tabbata cewa sun yi abin da zai haɗa kan ƙasa, saboda an yi juye-juyen mulki duk bai haifar da ɗa mai ido ba. Sannan mun lura cewa lokacin da aka yi juyin mulkin Buhari, duk baki ɗayanmu aka tattara mu aka zuba a ƙiri-ƙiri ba tare da bambacin jamaiyya ba. Saboda haka a nan muka ɗauki darasi da kuma zama da juna. A nan muka fahimci junanmu a sannu, sannan muka zauna lafiya da juna. Kyaututtukan Girmamawa An ƙayatar da marigayi Alhaji Adamu Chiroma da lambar yabo ta ƙasa mai taken CFR, a zamanin shugaba Obasanjo. <ref>http://saharareporters.com/2018/07/05/breaking-adamu-ciroma-ex-cbn-governor-and-ex-finance-minister-dies-84</ref> ==Mutuwa== Alhaji Adamu Chiroma, “Ya rasu ne a ranar Alhamis da rana a Abuja, bayan ya sha fama da rashin lafiya. An yi jana'izar marigayi Malam Adamu Ciroma a masallacin Al Noor da ke Abuja. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 8ur7rdkb6ofh7xu53fhycnroe9frcaf 0 24705 828033 505855 2026-04-30T17:12:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828033 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Jigawa State Polytechnic, Dutse.jpg|thumb|Jigawa polytechnic]] {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Ilimi''' ta Jihar Jigawa babbar cibiyar ilimi ce ta gwamnatin jiha wacce ke [[Gumel]], [[Jigawa|Jihar Jigawa]], [[Najeriya]]. Yana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano]] don shirye -shiryen digiri. Shugaban makarantar na yanzu shine Saidu Barau Ahmad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Jigawa State College of Education Gumel, Gumelar (2021)|url=https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/ID/Gumelar/433268706763896/Jigawa-State-College-of-Education-Gumel|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.schoolandcollegelistings.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=III|first=Editorial|date=2019-08-29|title=Jigawa govt reinstates Gumel college provost|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/jigawa-gov-reinstates-ahmad-as-provost-collage-of-education-gumel/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Jigawa a 1976. == Darussan == Cibiyar tana ba da darussan masu zuwa;<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Jigawa State College Of Education, Gumel (JIGCOED) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/jigawa-state-college-of-education-gumel|access-date=2021-08-18|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * Ilimi da Kimiyya * Ilimi da Larabci * Ilimi babba da ba na yau da kullun ba * Ilimi da Biology * Ilimin Jiki Da Lafiya * Fine Kuma Aikin fasaha * Ilimin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta * Ilimi da Harshen Turanci * Ilimin Kula da Yara * Ilimi da Tattalin Arziki * Nazarin Ilimin Firamare * Nazarin zamantakewa * Ilimi da Lissafi * Ilimi da Hausa * Tattalin Arzikin Gida * Ilimi na Musamman * Kimiyyar Noma da Ilimi * Haɗin Ilimin Kimiyya * Ilimi da Geography * Ilimi da Tarihi * Ilimi da Nazarin Musulunci * Ilimin Kimiyya * Ilimin Kasuwanci * Akanta == Alaƙa == Cibiyar tana da alaƙa da [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero ta Kano]] don ba da shirye -shiryen da ke jagorantar ilimin digiri, (B.Ed.) a cikin;<ref>{{Cite web|last=says|first=Mustapha lawan|date=2012-12-07|title=Jigawa State College of Education Begins 9 New Courses In Degree Programmes!|url=https://www.nigeriaschool.com.ng/jigawa-state-college-of-education-begins-9-new-courses-in-degree-programmes/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=Latest Nigerian University and Polytechnic News|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Ilimi da Harshen Turanci * Ilimi da Kimiyya * Ilimin Lafiya * Ilimi da Nazarin Musulunci * Ilimi da Hausa * Ilimi da Biology * Kimiyyar Noma da Ilimi == Manazarta == [[Category:Jami'o'i da Kwalejoji a Nijeriya]] [[Category:1976 establishments in Nigeria]] qpqpbu5h38t4uql1o3px7mdgnycvblh 0 32034 828013 219838 2026-04-30T16:08:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles using infobox university]] '''Kwalejin koyon aikin jinya da ungozoma ta jihar Bauchi''' wata cibiyar koyar da ilimin kiwon lafiya ce mallakar gwamnati dake birnin Bauchi, a [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]], dake tarayyar [[Najeriya]]. <ref>https://portal.adcnsbauchi.com/</ref> Ta fara aiki ne a shekarar 2013 bayan shekaru uku da gwamnatin jihar ta kafata. <ref>https://nursinghealth.org/bauchi-state-college-of-nursing-midwifery-admission-form/{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Darussa == Kwalejin tana gudanar da darussa masu alaƙa da lafiya, daga cikinsu akwai: * Ilimin Koyon Kula da Majinyata * Karatun Aikin Ungozoma * Ilimin Kula da Al'umma == Amincewa == Hukumar NMCN ta ba da izini ga kwalejin a cikin 2019. <ref>https://portal.adcnsbauchi.com/</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9kyemj5idqvthe5d55i84zloqbchiwy 0 32943 827964 721039 2026-04-30T12:33:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar Asiri''' ƙungiya ce ko hadaka wadda ayyukanta, abubuwan da suka faru, ayyuka na ciki, ko membobinta ke ɓoye sirrinta. Al'umma na ta yin yunƙurin ɓoye wanzuwarta. Kalmar yawanci tana cire ƙungiyoyin ɓoye, kamar hukumomin leƙen asiri ko tashe- tashen hankula na yaƙi, waɗanda ke ɓoye ayyukansu da membobinsu amma suna kiyaye gaban jama'a. == Ma'anoni == Ana jayayya game da ainihin cancantar yiwa ƙungiyar lakabin ƙungiyar asiri, amma ma'anar gabaɗaya sun dogara ne akan matakin da ƙungiyar ta dage akan sirri, kuma yana iya haɗawa da riƙewa da watsa ilimin sirri, ƙin kasancewa memba ko ilimin ƙungiyar, samar da alaka ta sirri tsakanin mambobin kungiyar, da yin amfani da ibadodi ko al'adu na sirri da ke karfafa 'ya'yan kungiyar . A tarihin ɗan adam da tarihi, ƙungiyoyin asiri sun kasance suna da alaƙa da ra'ayi na Männerbund, duka-maza "warrior-band" ko "jarumin al'umma" na al'adun zamani (duba H. Schurtz, ''Alterklassen und Männerbünde'', Berlin, 1902). ; A. Van Gennep, ''The Rites of Passage'', Chicago, 1960). An gabatar da wani abin da ake kira "bishiyar iyali na ƙungiyoyin asiri", kodayake ba ta cika ba. <ref>Stevens (1899), p. vii.</ref> Alan Axelrod, marubucin ''International Encyclopedia of Secret Societies and Fraternal Orders'', ya bayyana wata ƙungiya ta sirri a matsayin ƙungiya cewa: * keɓantacce * yayi ikirarin mallakar sirri na musamman * yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan sha'awar fifita membobinsa. Masanin tarihi Richard B. Spence <ref>Spence, Richard B. ''The Real History of Secret Societies'' (2019), [[The Great Courses]]</ref> na Jami'ar Idaho ya ba da irin wannan ma'anar ta uku: * Kasancewar kungiyar ba a asirce ba ne, amma wasu akida ko ayyuka suna boye ga jama'a kuma suna bukatar rantsuwar sirri da aminci don koyo. * Ƙungiyar ta yi alƙawarin matsayi mafi girma ko ilimi ga membobin. * Kasancewar ƙungiyar ta wata hanya tana takurawa, kamar ta launin fata, jima'i, addini, ko gayyata kawai. Spence kuma ya ba da shawarar wani yanki na "Elite Secret Societies" (wanda ya ƙunshi manyan masu samun kuɗi ko kuma masu tasiri a cikin al'umma), kuma ya lura cewa ƙungiyoyin asiri suna da yawa idan ba duniya ba game da bangaranci, fadace-fadace da kuma da'awar asalin tsofaffi fiye da yadda za a iya dogara da su a rubuce. . Ma'anar Spence ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyin da ake tunanin al'ada a matsayin ƙungiyoyin asiri ( Freemasons da Rosicrucians ) da sauran ƙungiyoyin da ba a kayyade su a al'ada ba kamar wasu ƙungiyoyin laifuka ( Mafia ), kungiyoyin addini ( Order of Assassins da Thelema ) da ƙungiyoyin siyasa ( Bolsheviks da Black Dragon ). Al'umma ). David V. Barrett, marubucin ''Ƙungiyoyin Asirin: Daga Tsohon ilimin sirri zuwa na Zamani da Clandestine'', ya yi amfani da wasu kalmomi don bayyana abin da ya cancanci ƙungiyar asiri. Ya siffanta ta da cewa duk wata kungiya ce da ta mallaki wadannan siffofi: * Ya na da "a tsanaki da ci gaban koyarwa". * Koyarwar tana "samuwa ga mutane da aka zaɓa kawai". * Koyarwa tana kaiwa ga "boyayyun (da 'na musamman') gaskiya". * Gaskiya suna kawo "fa'idodin sirri fiye da abin da ake iya kaiwa har ma da fahimtar wanda ba a sani ba." Barrett ya ci gaba da cewa "wani wata sifa da aka saba da ita ga mafi yawansu ita ce ayyukan al'adu wadanda ba 'yan kungiyar ba ne ba a ba su izinin kiyaye su ba, ko ma sanin wanzuwarsu." Ma'anar Barrett zai kawar da ƙungiyoyi da yawa da ake kira ƙungiyoyin asiri; Koyarwar da aka yi maki yawanci ba ta cikin ƴan uwan kwaleji na Amurka, Carbonari, ko Ƙarni na 19 Ban San Komai ba .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2009}} Masanin tarihi Jasper Ridley yayi jayayya cewa Freemasonry shine, "Ƙungiyar asiri mafi ƙarfi a duniya." Ƙungiyar " Opus Dei " ( Latin Latin don "Aikin Allah") an kwatanta shi a matsayin "tsarin al'umma" na Cocin Katolika . Masu suka irin su Jesuit Wladimir Ledóchowski wani lokaci suna nufin Opus Dei a matsayin Katolika (ko Kirista ko "farar fata") na Freemasonry . Sauran masu sukar suna yiwa Opus Dei lakabin "Mafia Mai Tsarki" <ref name="Pilapil 1971 211–221">{{Cite journal |url-status=211–221}}</ref> ko "Santa Mafia" kamar yadda ƙungiyar ke da alaƙa da ayyuka daban-daban da ake tambaya ciki har da tsananin " [[Wanke Kwakwalwa|kwakwalwa]] " na membobinta don cin gajiyar ƙarfin aiki da kuma kai tsaye. shigar da membobin cikin manyan laifuka kamar fataucin jarirai a [[Ispaniya|Spain]] a karkashin mulkin kama- karya Francisco Franco . == Sarauta == === Siyasa === Domin wasu kungiyoyin asiri suna da manufar siyasa, sun sabawa doka a kasashe da dama. Italiya ( Tsarin Tsarin Mulki na Italiya, Sashe na 2, Articles 13-28 ) da [[Poland]], alal misali, sun haramta jam'iyyun siyasa na asiri da kungiyoyin siyasa a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin su. === Kwalejoji da jami'o'i === Yawancin kungiyoyin dalibai da aka kafa a cibiyoyin jami'o'i a Amurka an dauki su a matsayin ƙungiyoyin asiri. Wataƙila ɗayan shahararrun ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwar sirri shine Kwanyar Kai da Kasusuwa a Jami'ar Yale . Tasirin ƙungiyoyin sirri na karatun digiri na biyu a kwalejoji kamar Harvard College, Jami'ar Cornell, Kwalejin Dartmouth, Jami'ar Emory, Jami'ar Chicago, Jami'ar Virginia, Jami'ar Georgetown, Jami'ar New York, da Kwalejin Wellesley sun kasance. an yarda da shi a bainar jama'a, idan ba a san su ba kuma ba tare da bin doka ba, tun daga karni na 19. Jami'o'in Biritaniya, suma, suna da dogon tarihi na ƙungiyoyin sirri ko ƙungiyoyin sirri, irin su The Pitt Club a Jami'ar Cambridge, <ref name="bully" /> Bullingdon Club a [[Jami'ar Oxford]], da 16' Club a St David's Kwalejin . Wata ƙungiyar asiri ta Biritaniya ita ce Cambridge Apostles waɗanda aka kafa a matsayin maƙala da al'umma ta muhawara a cikin 1820. Ba duk Jami'o'in Biritaniya ba ne ke karɓar ƙungiyoyin Asiri ba. the night climbers of Cambridge da climbers ofOxford suna buƙatar duka masu tunani da ƙwaƙwalwa. A Faransa, Vandermonde ita ce ƙungiyar asiri ta Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers . Fitattun misalai a Kanada sun haɗa da Episkopon a Kwalejin Trinity na Jami'ar [[Toronto]], da Society of Thoth a Jami'ar British Columbia .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2015}} An hana ƙungiyoyin sirri a cikin ƴan kwalejoji. Cibiyar Soja ta Virginia tana da ka'idoji waɗanda babu wani ɗan takara da zai iya shiga ƙungiyar asiri, kuma an dakatar da ƙungiyoyin asiri a Kwalejin Oberlin daga 1847 zuwa yanzu, kuma a Jami'ar Princeton tun farkon karni na 20. . Confraternities a Najeriya ƙungiyoyin asiri ne kamar ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai a cikin manyan makarantu. Ba a dai san takamaiman adadin mutanen da suka mutu na ayyukan haɗin gwiwa ba. Ɗaya daga cikin kiyasin a cikin 2002 shine cewa an kashe mutane 250 a cikin kashe-kashen da ke da alaka da kungiyoyin asiri a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, <ref name="irin">[http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=33251 "NIGERIA: Focus on the menace of student cults"], ''[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN]]'', 1 August 2002</ref> yayin da ƙungiyar masu fafutuka ta Exam Ethics Project ta kiyasta cewa an kashe ɗalibai da malamai 115 tsakanin 1993 da 2003. <ref name="cults">[http://www.economist.com/world/mideast-africa/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11849078 "Cults of violence"], ''[[The Economist]]'', 31 July 2008</ref> Ana tsammanin kungiyar Mandatory Monday Association is thought tayi aiki daga cikin jami'o'in Australiya iri-iri ciki har da Kwalejin Sojan Tsaro ta Australiya . Ƙungiyar tana da surori da yawa waɗanda ke haɗuwa kawai a ranar Litinin don tattauna kasuwanci da aiwatar da ayyukan al'ada. Ƙungiyoyin sirri guda ɗaya da aka soke sannan kuma aka halatta ita ce ta The Philomaths, a zamanin yau wata ƙungiya ce ta halal ta ilimi da aka kafa akan tsauraran zaɓi na membobinta. === Yanar Gizo-gizo === Yayin da ake hasashen wanzuwar su tsawon shekaru, ƙungiyoyin sirri na yanar Gizo sun fara sanin jama'a a cikin 2012 lokacin da ƙungiyar asirin da aka fi sani da Cicada 3301 ta fara daukar ma'aikata daga jama'a ta hanyar wasanin gwada ilimi na tushen yanar Gizo Burin al'umma ya kasance ba a sani ba, amma an yi imanin cewa suna da hannu a cikin cryptography . == A wurare == === Asiya === ; China * Red Lanterns (Boxer Uprising) * Red Spear Society * Tiandihui, ** Society of the Heaven and the Earth (Tong organization) ** ** * * Yellow Sand Society * White lotus ==== Philippines ==== • La Liga Filipina • KKK ; Japan * Black Dragon Society * Double Leaf society * Gen'yosha * Green Dragon (oda) * Kenkokukai * Sakurakai ; Singapore {{Fraternities and sororities}} === Afirka === ; Najeriya * Abakuá * Ekpe * Nze na Ozo * Ogboni ; Afirka ta Kudu * Afrikaner Broederbond ; Afirka ta Yamma ** Crocodile Society ** Leopard Society ** Poro, a secret men's society ** Sande society, the female counterpart to the Poro society ** Simo (society * * * * ; Zimbabwe * Nyau === Turai === ; Jamus * Illuminati * Oder of newTemplars * Ordo Templi Orientis ; Ireland * Irish Republican Brotherhood * The Defenders ; Italiya * propaganda due ; Serbia * Balack hand ; Ƙasar Ingila * Bullingdon Club * Hermetic Order na Golden Dawn * club16' * 5 Titin Hertford ; Pan-Turai * Freemasonry * Rosicrucianism === Amirka ta Arewa === * Collegiate secret societies in North America ; Amurka * Bohemian club * ** International Debutante Ball ** Knights of the Golden Circle ** Order of the Star Spangled Banner ** Skull and Bones * * === Kudancin Amurka === ; Brazil * Shindo Renmei == Adawa == Yawancin Cocin Kirista sun hana membobinsu shiga ƙungiyoyin asiri. Misali, sakin layi na 41 na Dokokin Gabaɗaya da ke ƙunshe cikin ''Ladabi'' na Haɗin Methodist Allegheny Wesleyan yana koyarwa: {{Blockquote|Ƙari ga haka, ta hanyar ƙauracewa zama memba a ƙungiyoyin asiri. Ba za mu ƙyale ministocinmu da membobinmu su shiga ko yin hulɗa tare da ƙungiyoyin asiri ba, kamar yadda, a cikin hukuncin The Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference), bai dace da aikinmu ga Allah mu riƙe irin wannan dangantakar ba.<br /> “Yesu ya amsa masa ya ce, “Na yi wa duniya magana a sarari, na taɓa koyarwa a cikin majami’a da Haikali inda Yahudawa suke taruwa a asirce, ban ce kome ba kuma.” (Yohanna 18:20). “Saboda haka idan suka ce muku, ga shi yana jeji, kada ku fita: ga shi yana cikin asirce, kada ku gaskata shi.” (Mat. 24:26). “Amma fiye da kowane abu, ’yan’uwana, kada ku rantse, ko da sama, ko da ƙasa, ko da kowace irin rantsuwa: amma ku bar ihrku ya zama i, a’a, a’a, domin kada ku fāɗi cikin hukunci.” (Yaƙ. 5) : 12) <br /> Hakanan duba Lev. 5:4, 5; Isa. 29:15; Matt. 5:34–36; Yohanna 3:19, 20; 2 Kor. 4:1, 2; 6:14–18; Af. 5:11, 12; 1 Yohanna 4:2, 3<ref name="AWMC2014">{{cite book|title=The Discipline of the Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection (Original Allegheny Conference)|year=2014|publisher=[[Allegheny Wesleyan Methodist Connection]]|location=[[Salem, Ohio|Salem]]|language=en|pages=20–21}}</ref>}} == Ci gaba da karatu == * Harwood, W. S. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25118819 "Secret Societies in America,"] ''The North American Review,'' Vol. 164, No. 486, May 1897. * Jeffers, H. Paul. ''Freemasons: A History and Exploration of the World's Oldest Secret Society.'' (Citadel Press, 2005). * Jeffers, H. Paul. ''The Freemasons in America: Inside the Secret Society'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Freemasons-America-Inside-Secret-Society/dp/0806527846/ excerpt] * Stephen Klimczuk, Gerald Warner (2009). ''Secret Places, Hidden Sanctuaries: Uncovering Mysterious Sights, Symbols, and Societies'', New York: Sterling Publishing Company. * [http://www.iisg.nl/collections/secretsocieties/index.php Ƙungiyoyin Asirin: ɗan gajeren tarihi] - Takardun Freemasons, Jesuits, Illuminati, Carbonari, Burschenschaften da sauran kungiyoyi * Stevens, [https://books.google.com/books?id=H-K3AAAAIAAJ&dq=fraternities The cyclopædia of fraternities (2nd ed.] [https://books.google.com/books?id=H-K3AAAAIAAJ&dq=fraternities )] . Binciken kwanan wata game da batun. * [http://www.fraternalsecrets.org Ƙungiyoyin Asirin a Ostiraliya da Ingilishi Freemasonry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024233024/https://www.fraternalsecrets.org/ |date=2020-10-24 }} == Manazarta== [[Rukuni:Kungiyar asiri]] mrivfnvuf9xb3bffa5kwt8b2ceg04iu 0 38840 828061 580798 2026-04-30T18:10:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh''' (an haife shi a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 1966) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma ɗan majalisa mai wakiltar Sunyani ta Gabas a majalisa ta 5 na jamhuriya ta 4. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ameyaw-Cheremeh a ranar 6 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta, 1966.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-04-25|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Cheremeh, Ameyaw Kwasi|url=http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=67|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425071633/http://ghanamps.gov.gh/mps/details.php?id=67|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-04-25|access-date=2020-07-09}}</ref> Ya fito ne daga Jinijini, wani gari a yankin Brong Ahafo na Ghana.<ref name="mp details">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5436|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Cheremeh, Kwasi Ameyaw|website=www.ghanamps.com|access-date=2020-02-09}}</ref> Ya shiga Jami'ar Ghana kuma ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin Falsafa a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a shekarar, 2008.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="mp details" /> Ya kuma halarci Makarantar Koyon Shari'a ta Ghana kuma ya sami digirin digirgir a shekarar, 1995.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="mp details" /> Ya kuma halarci Kwalejin Galilee da ke Isra'ila kuma ya kammala karatunsa na shekarar, 2008. == Aiki == Ameyaw-Cheremeh yana aiki a matsayin shugaban hukumar kula da wutar lantarki ta Bui.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ameyaw-Cheremeh|first1=Kwasi|title=Hon. Kwasi Ameyaw-Cheremeh|url=https://buipower.com/team/amb-afare-apeadu-donkor/|access-date=7 September 2022|archive-date=15 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115230353/https://buipower.com/team/amb-afare-apeadu-donkor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya taba zama Babban Sakatare a Kungiyar Kananan Hukumomin Ghana (NALAG)<ref name="mp details" /> Lauya ne ta fannin sana'a.<ref name=":0" /> == Siyasa == Ameyaw-Cheremeh dan New Patriotic Party (NPP) ne. An zabe shi ne a babban zaben kasar Ghana a shekara ta 2008 a matsayin dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar yankin Gabashin Sunyani na majalisar dokoki ta 5 a jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Results Parliamentary Elections|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2008/election.results.parliamentary.php|access-date=2020-07-09|website=www.ghanaweb.com|archive-date=2020-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024033152/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2008/election.results.parliamentary.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya samu kuri'u 33,765 daga cikin 53,844 masu inganci da aka kada, kwatankwacin kashi 62.71% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/10489.pdf|title=Ghana Elections 2008|publisher=Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung|year=2010|location=Ghana|pages=73}}</ref> An zabe shi a kan Alnyina Sampana Sampson na People's National Convention, Justice Samuel Adjei na National Democratic Congress, Peter Kwaw Alibah na Democratic Freedom Party da Kwakye Kofi na Convention People's Party.<ref name=":1" /> Wadannan sun samu kashi 1.25%, 34.97%, 0.29% da kuma 0.78% bi da bi na dukkan ingantattun kuri'un da aka kada.<ref name=":1" /> A shekarar 2012, ya sake tsayawa takarar kujerar dan majalisar wakilai ta Gabas Sunyani a kan tikitin jam'iyyar NPP na majalisar dokoki ta shida a jamhuriya ta hudu kuma ya yi nasara.<ref name="mp details" /> Ya yi aiki a majalisar dokokin Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Sunyani ta Gabas kuma a matsayin shugaban masu rinjaye na majalisar.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/new-leadership-of-parliament-named-prof-mike-oquaye-is-speaker-haruna-iddrisu-minority-leader.html|title=New leadership of Parliament named. Prof. Mike Oquaye is Speaker, Haruna Iddrisu, Minority Leader - Graphic Online {{!}} Ghana News|last=Jafaru|first=Musah Yahaya|newspaper=Graphic Online|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-02-02}}</ref> A matsayinsa na sabon dan jam’iyyar New Patriotic Party (NPP), ya samu kuri’u 42,478 daga cikin sahihin kuri’u 71,918 da aka kada wanda ke wakiltar kashi 59.06 na jimillar kuri’un da aka kada a babban zaben kasar Ghana na shekarar 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=67#tabs-1|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Cheremeh, Ameyaw Kwasi|website=ghanamps.com|access-date=2017-02-02}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Ameyaw-Cheremeh shi ne shugaban kwamitin shari’a; memba na kwamitin oda; memba na Kwamitin Tsarin Mulki, Shari'a da Majalisar Dokoki; kuma memba na kwamitin ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=188|access-date=2022-11-15|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328051120/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=188|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ameyaw-Cheremeh Kirista ne.<ref name=":0" /> Yana da aure, kuma yana da ’ya’ya huɗu.<ref name="mp details" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] s4fmtm6uxhkomu3nxkl9j4lqhqg7ll8 0 38911 827994 580744 2026-04-30T14:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:KWABENA DONKOR.jpg|thumb|kwabena]] '''Kwabena Donkor''' (an haife shi 5 ga watan Fabrairu 1958) ɗan siyasan Ghana ne kuma tsohon Ministan wutar lantarki.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/291|title=Hon. Kwabena Donkor (Dr)|publisher=parliament.gh|access-date=30 December 2015|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806174604/http://www.parliament.gh/parliamentarians/291|url-status=dead}}</ref> Shi ne dan majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Pru ​​ta gabas, a yankin Bono ta Gabas ta Ghana.<ref name="failure">{{cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/December-26th/acep-urges-kwabena-donkor-to-admit-failure-and-resign.php|title=ACEP urges Kwabena Donkor to admit failure and resign|publisher=Myjoyonline.com|date=26 December 2015|access-date=30 December 2015|archive-date=1 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170601125311/http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2015/december-26th/acep-urges-kwabena-donkor-to-admit-failure-and-resign.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya yi murabus daga mukaminsa na minista ne sakamakon gaza kawo karshen dimbin lodin da ake yi wa lakabi da Dumsor, inda ya yi alkawarin yin murabus idan har bai warware wannan batu ba kafin karshen shekarar 2015.<ref name="resign">{{cite web|url=http://graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/55562-confirmed-kwabena-donkor-resigns-over-dumsor-controversy.html|title=Confirmed: Kwabena Donkor resigns over dumsor controversy|publisher=graphic.com.gh|date=31 December 2015|access-date=1 January 2016|author=Darfah Frimpong, Enoch}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/31/power-minister-resigns-over-dumsor/|title=Power Minister resigns over Dumsor|publisher=citifmonline.com|date=31 December 2015|access-date=1 January 2016|archive-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102181107/http://citifmonline.com/2015/12/31/power-minister-resigns-over-dumsor/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Shekarun farko da ilimi == An haifi Donkor a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1958, a Lonto ta hanyar Yeji a yankin Bono Gabas ta Ghana. Ya yi digirin digirgir (PhD) da na biyu a jami'ar Bristol, sannan kuma ya yi digiri na biyu a fannin harkokin kasuwanci daga jami'ar Lancaster.<ref name=":0" /> == Aiki == Donkor ya kasance mataimakin ministan yada labarai daga 2013 zuwa 2014. Mamba ne wanda ya kafa hukumar kula da albarkatun man fetur kuma ya kasance babban jami’in hukumar a shekarar 2014. A wannan shekarar ya zama minista a gwamnatin Ghana. Ya zama dan majalisar dokokin Ghana a shekarar 2015 kuma ya zama shugaban kwamitin ma'adinai da makamashi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/922895/celebrating-the-man-dr-kwabena-donkor.html|title=Celebrating The Man Dr. Kwabena Donkor (Pt.1)|website=Modern Ghana|language=en|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref> A halin yanzu yana wakiltar mazabar Pru ​​ta gabas a yankin Bono ta gabas a kan tikitin jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cwcghana.com/speakers/dr-kwabena-donkor-2/|title=Dr Kwabena Donkor {{!}} Annual Ghana Summit|website=www.cwcghana.com|access-date=2020-01-31|archive-date=2020-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131111138/https://www.cwcghana.com/speakers/dr-kwabena-donkor-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Siyasa == Donkor ya tsaya takarar kujerar dan majalisar wakilai ta Pru East a zaben 2016 kuma ya yi nasara. Ya samu kuri'u 13,512 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 56.19% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, don haka ya doke sauran 'yan takarar da suka hada da David Amoah, Danjumah Desmond, Noah Ken Boadai da Zevor Mattew Tsiditsey.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/brongahafo/54/index.php|title=Ghana Election 2016 Results – Pru East Constituency|last=FM|first=Peace|website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM|access-date=2020-01-31|archive-date=2020-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131112549/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/brongahafo/54/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ya ci gaba da rike kujerarsa a babban zaben Ghana na 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Parliamentary Results for Pru East|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&ID=106|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref> === Kwamitoci === Donkor shi ne Mamba mai Daraja a Kwamitin Samar da Aiki, Jin Dadin Jama'a da Kamfanonin Jiha; kuma memba na Kwamitin Tsare-tsare na oda; sannan kuma memba na kwamitin ma'adinai da makamashi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=207|access-date=2022-11-18|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328044435/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=207|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Donkor Kirista ne. Yana da aure da ‘ya’ya hudu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5532|title=Ghana MPs – MP Details – Donkor, Kwabena (Dr)|website=www.ghanamps.com|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/republic/parliamentatian.php?ID=66|title=Ghana Parliament member Kwabena Donkor (Dr)|website=www.ghanaweb.com|access-date=2020-01-31}}{{Dead link|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1958]] mmn1m6uovq1wv1h3qn428lr47pxzfbk 0 39401 828049 580794 2026-04-30T17:29:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwamena Minta Nyarku''' (an Haife shi 7 Disamba 1974) ɗan ilimi ne kuma ɗan siyasa ɗan Ghana wanda memba ne na National Democratic Congress (NDC).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cann|first=Thomas Vincent|date=8 April 2020|title=Mahama gives protective equipment to Cape Coast Teaching Hospital for Covid-19|url=https://3news.com/mahama-gives-protective-equipment-to-cape-coast-teaching-hospital-for-covid-19/|url-status=dead|access-date=29 December 2020|website=3NEWS|language=|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128120554/https://3news.com/mahama-gives-protective-equipment-to-cape-coast-teaching-hospital-for-covid-19/}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Kwakye|first=D.C. Kwame|date=10 April 2020|title=NDC Cape Coast North Parliamentary Aspirant Supports His Constituents to Fight COVID-19|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/994746/ndc-cape-coast-north-parliamentary-aspirant-suppor.html|url-status=live|access-date=29 December 2020|website=Modern Ghana|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Emmanuel|first=Kojo|date=23 September 2020|title=Go and register NDC parliamentary candidate for Cape Coast North Dr. Nyarku – Court orders EC|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/go-and-register-ndc-parliamentary-candidate-for-cape-coast-north-dr-nyarku-court/enh7zps|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Pulse Ghana|language=}}</ref> Shi ne dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Cape Coast North a yankin tsakiyar Ghana. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Nyarku a ranar 7 ga Disamba 1974. Ya fito daga Apewosika, Cape Coast a yankin tsakiyar Ghana.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Nyarku, Kwamena Minta|url=http://new.ghanamps.com/mp/kwamena-minta-nyarku/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya kammala GCE Talakawa matakin da GCE Advanced level certificate in Business a 1992 da 1996 bi da bi a Adisadel College, Cape Coast. Daga nan ya wuce Kwalejin Horar da Komenda inda ya kammala da takardar shaidar malanta A (3 year Post Sec Teacher Cert A) a shekarar 1995.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=UCC Senior Lecturer Contests Cape Coast North Seat For NDC|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/944364/ucc-senior-lecturer-contests-cape-coast-north-seat.html|access-date=2021-04-16|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=20|access-date=2021-04-16|website=www.parliament.gh}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A 2000, ya kammala digiri na farko a fannin ilimi tare da ba da fifiko kan Ilimin Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Cape Coast.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Kaku|first=Daniel|date=2019-07-12|title=UCC Senior Lecturer picks forms to contest Cape Coast North seat for NDC|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/UCC-Senior-Lecturer-picks-forms-to-contest-Cape-Coast-North-seat-for-NDC-762890|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-29|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> Ya tafi Jami'ar Ghana Business School, inda ya kammala karatunsa na Master of Business Administration (MBA) a fannin kasuwanci a shekarar 2003. Ya kuma kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar Leicester, inda ya kammala karatunsa na digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin kasuwanci. a cikin 2019 da Cibiyar Tallace-tallace ta Chartered a Burtaniya.<ref name=":3" /> == Aiki == Nyarku babban malami ne a Sashen Kasuwanci da Gudanar da Sarkar Samar da kayayyaki, Makarantar Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Cape Coast, Ghana.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Staff Directory {{!}} University of Cape Coast|url=https://directory.ucc.edu.gh/p/kwamena-minta-nyarku|access-date=2021-04-16|website=directory.ucc.edu.gh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kwamena Minta Nyarku|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=x__SEMEAAAAJ&hl=en|access-date=2021-04-16|website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> == Siyasa == === Kudirin majalisa === Nyarku ya tsaya takarar zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar National Democratic Congress gabanin zaben 2020.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Eight women to contest NDC Parliamentary primaries in CR|url=https://www.businessghana.com/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> Ya samu nasarar zama dan majalisar wakilai na wakilcin jam’iyyar National Democratic Congress na mazabar a watan Agustan shekarar 2019 bayan da ya tashi ba tare da hamayya ba saboda rashin cancantar ‘yan takararsa biyu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Asiedu-Addo|first=Shirley|date=24 August 2019|title=Central Region: 11 constituencies out of NDC primaries|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/central-region-11-constituencies-out-of-ndc-primaries.html|url-status=live|access-date=29 December 2020|website=Graphic Online|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sedode|first=Pilot|date=2020-09-29|title=Cape Coast North Constituency: The Two Main Parliamentary Aspirants|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/09/29/cape-coast-north-constituency-the-two-main-parliamentary-aspirants/news|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Kuulpeeps – Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115155355/https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/09/29/cape-coast-north-constituency-the-two-main-parliamentary-aspirants/news|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Fayil:Kwamena Minta Nyarku.jpg|thumb|Kwamena Minta Nyarku]] A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2020, gabanin zabe yayin da ake hada sabuwar rajistar masu kada kuri’a, an hana shi rike katin zabe saboda ikirarin yin rajista a wata unguwa da ke yankin Cape Coast, Nkanfoa, inda bai kasance mazauninsa ba saboda adadin shekaru kamar yadda dokokin rajista suka buƙata.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=Amoh|first=Emmanuel Kwame|date=2020-07-13|title=NDC Cape Coast North Parl Candidate disqualified as a voter|url=https://3news.com/ndc-cape-coast-north-parl-candidate-disqualified-as-a-voter/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=3news|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131193326/https://3news.com/ndc-cape-coast-north-parl-candidate-disqualified-as-a-voter/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|last=Hawkson|first=Emmanuel Ebo|date=22 September 2020|title=Court orders EC to register NDC Cape Coast North parliamentary candidate Dr Minta Nyarku|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/court-orders-ec-to-register-ndc-cape-coast-north-parliamentary-candidate-dr-minta-nyarku.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Graphic Online|language=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nyarko|first=Richard Kwadwo|date=22 September 2020|title=High Court orders EC to register NDC parliamentary candidate for Cape Coast North – MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/high-court-orders-ec-to-register-ndc-parliamentary-candidate-for-cape-coast-north/|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2021|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=}}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wani wakilin jam’iyyar adawa ta New Patriotic Party (NPP) ya kalubalanci cancantarsa ​​kuma ya mika shi ga kwamitin duba rijistar gundumomi.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|last=Djabanor|first=Fred Tettey|date=22 September 2020|title=Restore name of NDC Cape Coast North parliamentary candidate on register – Court to EC|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/09/restore-name-of-ndc-cape-coast-north-parliamentary-candidate-on-register-court-to-ec/|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Citinewsroom|language=}}</ref> Kwamitin Bita na Rijistar Gundumar ya amince da ƙalubalen kuma a watan Agusta 2020, ya shigar da ƙara a kan hukuncin da babbar kotun Cape Coast ta yi watsi da shi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-23|title=Court orders EC to register NDC parliamentary candidate for Cape Coast North|url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/court-orders-ec-to-register-ndc-parliamentary-candidate-for-cape-coast-north/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=Ghanaian Times|language=en}}</ref> A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2020, bisa la’akari da batutuwan da lauyansa Godwin Kudzo Tameklo, wata babbar kotun birnin Accra, ya gabatar, tare da alkalin kotun mai shari’a Stephen Oppong, ya fitar da wata takarda na mandamus ya tilastawa hukumar zabe ta yi masa rajista tun da babu wata kotun da ke da hurumi da ta hana shi shiga yin rijista.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bimpeh|first=Justice Kofi|date=22 September 2020|title=Court orders EC to restore name of NDC Cape Coast North PC on register|url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/politics/court-orders-ec-to-restore-name-of-ndc-cape-coast-north-pc-on-register.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Prime News Ghana|language=}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2020, an yi masa rajista bisa ga hukuncin babbar kotun Accra.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|last=Agency|first=Ghana News|date=2020-10-05|title=NDC's Cape Coast North Parliamentary candidate receives voter's ID card|url=https://newsghana.com.gh/ndcs-cape-coast-north-parliamentary-candidate-receives-voters-id-card/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=News Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|last=Appiah|first=Georgina|date=4 October 2020|title=EC clears NDC Parliamentary Candidate for Cape Coast North|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/10/ec-clears-ndc-parliamentary-candidate-for-cape-coast-north/|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2021|website=Citinewsroom|language=}}</ref> Bayar da sabon katin shaidar ya haifar da wani kalubalen sabuwar jam’iyyar Patriotic Party wanda a wannan karon kwamitin duba rijistar gundumomi ya soke shi da kuri’u 5:2 da ya ba shi damar gabatar da takararsa a zaben ‘yan majalisar dokoki.<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":9" /> A Zaben 2020, Nyarku ya doke 'yar majalisa mai ci Barbara Asher Ayisi ta New Patriotic Party,<ref>{{Cite web|title=NPP wins Cape Coast North seat, others|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/741964/npp-wins-cape-coast-north-seat-others.html|access-date=2021-04-16|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> wacce ta ninka matsayin mataimakiyar ministar ayyuka da gidaje kuma ta kasance tsohuwar mataimakiyar ministar ilimi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-08|title=Election 2020: 10 NPP MPs who have lost their seats|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/election-2020-10-npp-mps-who-have-lost-their-seats/1ltbfv2|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Pulse Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Barbara Asher Ayisi loses Cape Coast North seat to NDC|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/barbara-asher-ayisi-loses-cape-coast-north-seat-to-ndc.html|access-date=2020-12-29|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ya samu kuri'u 22,972 a yayin da ta ke da kuri'u 21,643 wanda ke wakiltar kashi 51.49% da kashi 48.51% a matsayin wanda ya lashe zaben kuma zababben 'yar majalisa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cape Coast North Summary – 2020 Elections|url=https://www.modernghana.com/ghanahome/ghanavotes/2020/result_constituency.asp?constituency_id=1430|access-date=2020-12-29|website=www.modernghana.com}}</ref> === Dan majalisa === An rantsar da Nyarku a matsayin dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Cape Coast North a majalisar wakilai ta 8 na jamhuriya ta 4 ta Ghana a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2021.<ref name=":2" /> Yana aiki a matsayin mamba a Kwamitin Dabarun Rage Talauci da Kwamitin Matasa, Wasanni da Al'adu na Majalisar.<ref name=":2" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Nyarku Kirista ne.<ref name=":2" /> An fi saninsa da laqabinsa Ragga.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] klzoaohu0osht75uotbeh2rqudop4yr 0 43434 827971 450911 2026-04-30T13:00:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 827971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hukumar Ƙwallon Raga ta Aljeriya''' (FAVB) ( {{Lang-ar|الاتحادية الجزائرية للكرة الطائرة}}), ita ce hukumar kula da wasan kwallon raga a [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] tun 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afvb.org/?-Presentation-|title=Presentation of the Algerian Volleyball Federation|publisher=favb.org|accessdate=}}</ref> == Tarihi == Hukumar FIVB ta sami karbuwa daga 1962 kuma memba ne na [[Hukumar Kwallon Raga ta Afirka|Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka]] . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== *[http://www.afvb.org FAVB official website] h7ovog2toakc4losiflf0z7w9ecem3n 827972 827971 2026-04-30T13:00:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 827972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Hukumar Ƙwallon Raga ta Aljeriya''' (FAVB) ({{Lang-ar|الاتحادية الجزائرية للكرة الطائرة}}), ita ce hukumar kula da wasan kwallon raga a [[Aljeriya|Algeria]] tun 1962.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afvb.org/?-Presentation-|title=Presentation of the Algerian Volleyball Federation|publisher=favb.org|accessdate=}}</ref> == Tarihi == Hukumar FIVB ta sami karbuwa daga 1962 kuma memba ne na [[Hukumar Kwallon Raga ta Afirka|Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka]] . {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== *[http://www.afvb.org FAVB official website] hfenorquaxfqu0okvkkdqk9576g8wen 0 51309 828046 266870 2026-04-30T17:27:41Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340901208|Beatrice Mukansinga]]" 828046 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Beatrice Mukansinga''' 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ce ta Rwanda wacce ke mai da hankali kan matan da [[Kisan ƙare dangi na Rwandan|Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda]] ya shafa. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ta bar Rwanda a lokacin kisan kare dangi kuma ta koma Kenya. Lokacin da ta koma Rwanda daga Kenya a 1995, kasa da shekara guda bayan kisan kare dangi, an kashe danginta ciki har da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta shida a lokacin kisan kare deangi a 1994.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ginetta Sagan human rights award goes to Rwandan (August 12, 1998) |url=https://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1998/1998_08_12.sagan.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.almanacnews.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka ==   Ta shiga kungiyar agaji ta Barakabaho Foundation a shekarar 1995 bayan ta koma Rwanda. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ginetta Sagan human rights award goes to Rwandan (August 12, 1998) |url=https://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1998/1998_08_12.sagan.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.almanacnews.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1998/1998_08_12.sagan.html "Ginetta Sagan human rights award goes to Rwandan (August 12, 1998)"]. ''www.almanacnews.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta fara aiki tare da kungiyar da ke ba da taimakon jin kai ga wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kare dangi na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-17 |title=Survivors of genocide bear the heaviest burden |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/survivors-of-genocide-bear-the-heaviest-burden-5372929.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ta kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta MBWIRA NDUMVA (Speak, I Am Listening) a cikin 1996 a matsayin ƙungiyar hadin gwiwa da ke da alaƙa da Gidauniyar Barakabaho . Ta fara kungiyar ne don tallafawa da kuma ba da jagora ga marayu da mata da aka yi wa fyade waɗanda aka kore su saboda kisan kare dangi na Rwanda a cikin 1994, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> ƙarfafawa da kuma shawo kan matan da aka yi musu fyade a lokacin kisan kare don tayar da jaririnsu maimakon barin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-22 |title=Local reverend finds Rwanda rich in warmth, friendliness |url=https://www.chicoer.com/20061022/local-reverend-finds-rwanda-rich-in-warmth-friendliness |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Chico Enterprise-Record |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Ginetta Sagan Fund a shekarar 1998 don nuna godiya ga taimakon jin kai ga wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kare dangi na Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ginetta Sagan Award |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Amnesty International USA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A watan Agustan 2021, an lissafa ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mata bakwai masu gwagwarmayar Afirka waɗanda suka cancanci labarin [[Wikipidiya|Wikipedia]] ta Global Citizen, ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Ginetta Sagan Fund Award winners}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rdnv3689dhxhddk5cy9i337dmextln1 828306 828046 2026-05-01T08:52:24Z Mahuta 11340 828306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Beatrice Mukansinga''' 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ce ta Rwanda wacce ke mai da hankali kan matan da [[Kisan ƙare dangi na Rwandan|Kisan kare dangi na Rwanda]] ya shafa. == Tarihin rayuwa == Ta bar Rwanda a lokacin kisan kare dangi kuma ta koma Kenya. Lokacin da ta koma Rwanda daga Kenya a 1995, kasa da shekara guda bayan kisan kare dangi, an kashe danginta ciki har da iyayenta da 'yan uwanta shida a lokacin kisan kare deangi a 1994.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ginetta Sagan human rights award goes to Rwandan (August 12, 1998) |url=https://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1998/1998_08_12.sagan.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.almanacnews.com}}</ref> == Ayyuka ==   Ta shiga kungiyar agaji ta Barakabaho Foundation a shekarar 1995 bayan ta koma Rwanda. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ginetta Sagan human rights award goes to Rwandan (August 12, 1998) |url=https://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1998/1998_08_12.sagan.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=www.almanacnews.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1998/1998_08_12.sagan.html "Ginetta Sagan human rights award goes to Rwandan (August 12, 1998)"]. ''www.almanacnews.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta fara aiki tare da kungiyar da ke ba da taimakon jin kai ga wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kare dangi na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-09-17 |title=Survivors of genocide bear the heaviest burden |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/incoming/survivors-of-genocide-bear-the-heaviest-burden-5372929.html |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya ta kafa kungiyar ba da riba ta MBWIRA NDUMVA (Speak, I Am Listening) a cikin 1996 a matsayin ƙungiyar hadin gwiwa da ke da alaƙa da Gidauniyar Barakabaho . Ta fara kungiyar ne don tallafawa da kuma ba da jagora ga marayu da mata da aka yi wa fyade waɗanda aka kore su saboda kisan kare dangi na Rwanda a cikin 1994, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> ƙarfafawa da kuma shawo kan matan da aka yi musu fyade a lokacin kisan kare don tayar da jaririnsu maimakon barin yara. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-10-22 |title=Local reverend finds Rwanda rich in warmth, friendliness |url=https://www.chicoer.com/20061022/local-reverend-finds-rwanda-rich-in-warmth-friendliness |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Chico Enterprise-Record |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] ta ba ta lambar yabo ta Ginetta Sagan Fund a shekarar 1998 don nuna godiya ga taimakon jin kai ga wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kare dangi na Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ginetta Sagan Award |url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/about-us/grants-and-awards/ginetta-sagan-award/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Amnesty International USA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A watan Agustan 2021, an lissafa ta a matsayin daya daga cikin mata bakwai masu gwagwarmayar Afirka waɗanda suka cancanci labarin [[Wikipidiya|Wikipedia]] ta Global Citizen, ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=7 Notable African Women Activists Who Deserve Wikipedia Pages |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/african-women-activists-wikipedia-wikigap/ |access-date=2021-08-10 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Ginetta Sagan Fund Award winners}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] cb9v94q1gjo42k8isldd0wcxaf2hji2 0 54145 828022 815014 2026-04-30T16:20:06Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Arda Güler (2021-22 Süper Lig) - Resim3 (cropped).png|thumb]] {{Infobox football biography|name=Arda Güler|image=|caption=|full_name=Arda Güler|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|2|25}}|birth_place=Ankara, Turkey|position=Attacking midfielder / Winger|currentclub=Real Madrid|clubnumber=15|youthyears1=2014–2019|youthclubs1=Gençlerbirliği|youthyears2=2019–2021|youthclubs2=Fenerbahçe|years1=2021–2023|clubs1=Fenerbahçe|caps1=32|goals1=7|years2=2023–|clubs2=Real Madrid|caps2=67|goals2=13|nationalyears1=2021–2022|nationalteam1=Turkey U17|nationalcaps1=10|nationalgoals1=4|nationalyears2=2022–|nationalteam2=Turkey|nationalcaps2=27|nationalgoals2=6}} [[Fayil:Modric in LIV VS RMA 2024 (cropped) (Arda Guler).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|Arda Güler]] '''Arda Güler''' (an haife shi 25 Fabrairu 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin attacking midfielder ko winger a ƙungiyar Real Madrid da kuma tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya. An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan wasa a duniya saboda fasaha, hangen wasa, da iya dribbling a fili.<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> == Rayuwar farko == Arda Güler an haife shi a birnin Ankara, Turkiyya. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta Gençlerbirliği kafin ya koma tsarin matasa na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2019, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta da fasahar ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> == Ayyukan ƙungiya == === Fenerbahçe === Güler ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar manya na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2021. A lokacin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi burgewa a Super Lig kuma ya zama ƙaramin mai cin ƙwallo a tarihin ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallo a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Süper Lig.<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> === Real Madrid === A shekarar 2023, Güler ya koma Real Madrid inda ya ci gaba da bunkasa aikinsa a ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa Real Madrid wajen lashe gasar La Liga da UEFA Champions League tun bayan zuwansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu ƙirƙirar dama a tawagar.<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa == Güler ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban tun U17 kafin ya yiwa manyan ƙungiyar ƙasa fice a cikin 2022. Ya buga gasar UEFA Euro 2024, inda ya taimaka wa tawagar a matakai daban-daban kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar a wannan gasa.<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> == Salon wasa == An yi masa kwatankwacin salon wasa da na wasu manyan ‘yan wasa saboda fasaharsa wajen dribbling, hangen wasa, ƙwarewa wajen rarraba kwallo, da tunani mai sauri a fili. Güler yana da cikakken iko kan kwallo kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayi daban-daban na gaba da tsakiyar fili.<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> == Nasarori == === Real Madrid === * [[La Liga]]: 2023–24 * [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2023–24 * [[Supercopa de España]]: 2024 * [[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2024 * [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2024<ref></ref> === Fenerbahçe === * [[Turkish Cup]]: 2022–23<ref>(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Arda Güler]] [[category:Haifaffun 2005]] [[category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 7p7l49j21sqlbuejjyeuvcyrzs8zcp7 0 55029 827967 647495 2026-04-30T12:58:50Z Pharouqenr 25549 827967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ashiru Nagoma (Dan Small)''' ta kasance fitacce ne a cikin masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato [[Kannywood]] Kuma sannanne, fitaccen mai shiryawa ne na fina finai a masana'antar fim din kannywood.<ref>https://kannywoodsceneblog.wordpress.com/author/kannywoodscene/page/4/</ref> == Takaitaccen Tarihin Sa == Cikakken sunan sa shine '''Abdul'aziz Ahmad''' Amma an Fi sanin sa da suna '''Dan small'''. ya shigo harkan fim ne sakamakon yadda mutane suke fassara Yan fim. shi ya shigo ne domin ya canza tunanin mutane akan hakan. Ya fara ne tun daga farko a matsayin Mai aiki , ya dawo Mai raba kaya , yau gashi ya zama Mai shirya fim gaba daya. Ya shafe kusan shekaru 20 a masana'antar, kalubalen da yake fuskan ta <ref>https://www.arewablogng.com/fim-din-yar-mai-ganye-ya-fito-kasuwa/{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>shine in sunje daukan fina finai a otel yadda mutane ke kallon su a masu Bata tarbiyya. Furodusas ne a masana'antar Wanda yayi fina finai da dama Kuma fina finan sa suna cikin manyan fim masu kyau a masana'antar.<ref>https://www.dandalinvoa.com/a/muna-fuskatar-kalubale-da-jamian-otel-otel/3069877.html</ref>.shine gwarzan kanniwud na watan yuni Shirin da Tashar Arewa 24 ke shiryawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://ng.opera.news/tags/abdulaziz-dan-small |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731055153/https://ng.opera.news/tags/abdulaziz-dan-small |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fina finan sa. * Yar Mai ganye. * Watan bakwai. * Ana wata ga wata. * Zawarawa. * wata mafita. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] qpanm9n2fb0m1uzsieqe4g2cs9abz7o 827968 827967 2026-04-30T12:59:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 827968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ashiru Nagoma (Dan Small)''' ta kasance fitacce ne a cikin masana'antar fim ta Hausa wato [[Kannywood]] Kuma sannanne, fitaccen mai shiryawa ne na fina finai a masana'antar fim din kannywood.<ref>https://kannywoodsceneblog.wordpress.com/author/kannywoodscene/page/4/</ref> == Takaitaccen Tarihin Sa == Cikakken sunan sa shine '''Abdul'aziz Ahmad''' Amma an Fi sanin sa da suna '''Dan small'''. ya shigo harkan fim ne sakamakon yadda mutane suke fassara Yan fim. shi ya shigo ne domin ya canza tunanin mutane akan hakan. Ya fara ne tun daga farko a matsayin Mai aiki , ya dawo Mai raba kaya , yau gashi ya zama Mai shirya fim gaba daya. Ya shafe kusan shekaru 20 a masana'antar, kalubalen da yake fuskan ta <ref>https://www.arewablogng.com/fim-din-yar-mai-ganye-ya-fito-kasuwa/{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>shine in sunje daukan fina finai a otel yadda mutane ke kallon su a masu Bata tarbiyya. Furodusas ne a masana'antar Wanda yayi fina finai da dama Kuma fina finan sa suna cikin manyan fim masu kyau a masana'antar.<ref>https://www.dandalinvoa.com/a/muna-fuskatar-kalubale-da-jamian-otel-otel/3069877.html</ref>.shine gwarzan kanniwud na watan yuni Shirin da Tashar Arewa 24 ke shiryawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://ng.opera.news/tags/abdulaziz-dan-small |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731055153/https://ng.opera.news/tags/abdulaziz-dan-small |url-status=dead }}</ref> Fina finan sa: * Yar Mai ganye. * Watan bakwai. * Ana wata ga wata. * Zawarawa. * wata mafita. == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Maza yan wasan kwaikwayo]] f35bzlriy3t5tpnhbpcpzkien8b85km 0 55146 828019 814411 2026-04-30T16:16:10Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828019 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:2025 04 26 Final de la Copa del Rey - Vinícius Júnior.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2023 05 06 Final de la Copa del Rey - 52879242230 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Vinicius Junior (2025).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Vinicius Jr 2021.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox football biography | name = Vinícius Júnior | full_name = Vinícius José Paixão de Oliveira Júnior | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|7|12}}'''Rubutu mai gwaɓi''' | birth_place = São Gonçalo, Brazil | position = Winger | currentclub = Real Madrid | clubnumber = 7 | youthyears1 = 2005–2017 | youthclubs1 = Flamengo | years1 = 2017–2018 | clubs1 = Flamengo | caps1 = 37 | goals1 = 7 | years2 = 2018– | clubs2 = Real Madrid | caps2 = | goals2 = | nationalyears1 = 2015–2016 | nationalteam1 = Brazil U15 | nationalyears2 = 2016–2017 | nationalteam2 = Brazil U17 | nationalyears3 = 2019– | nationalteam3 = Brazil }} '''Vinícius José Paixão de Oliveira Júnior''' (an haife shi 12 Yuli 2000), wanda aka fi sani da '''Vinícius Júnior''' ko '''Vini Jr.''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Brazil. Yana taka leda a matsayin mai gaba (winger) a [[Real Madrid]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]]. An san shi da saurin gudu, fasaha wajen tsallake ‘yan wasa, da ƙwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar dama da cin ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci.<ref>Vinícius Júnior – Brazilian professional footballer 🇧🇷 [Wikipedia entry–Vinícius Júnior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C3%ADcius_J%C3%BAnior?utm_source=chatgpt.com)</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Vinícius Júnior a São Gonçalo, Brazil. Ya fara taka ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a makarantar koyon wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta Flamengo, inda ya nuna ƙwarewa da saurin gudu tun yana matashi.<ref>Vinícius Júnior – Britannica biography [Britannica–Vinícius Júnior](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vinicius-Junior?utm_source=chatgpt.com)</ref> == Ayyukan ƙungiya == === Flamengo === Vinícius ya fara taka leda a babbar ƙungiyar [[CR Flamengo]] a shekarar 2017. A lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin matasa mafi tasowa a Brazil, kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar a gasar Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.<ref>Vinícius Júnior – Brazilian footballer stats [Wikipedia entry–Vinícius Júnior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C3%ADcius_J%C3%BAnior?utm_source=chatgpt.com)</ref> === Real Madrid === A shekarar 2018, ya koma [[Real Madrid CF]] daga Flamengo. A farkon shekarunsa ya riƙa buga wasa a ƙungiyar Real Madrid Castilla kafin ya zama cikakken ɗan wasa a babbar ƙungiya. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Real Madrid lashe gasar [[UEFA Champions League]] a kakar 2021–22, inda ya ci ƙwallon nasara a wasan ƙarshe. Haka kuma ya taimaka wajen lashe [[La Liga]] a lokuta da dama.<ref>Vinícius Júnior – Brazilian footballer stats [Wikipedia entry–Vinícius Júnior](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vin%C3%ADcius_J%C3%BAnior?utm_source=chatgpt.com)</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa == Vinícius ya wakilci Brazil a matakin U15 da U17 kafin ya shiga babbar tawagar ƙasa. Ya buga gasar [[FIFA World Cup]] tare da Brazil kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan tawagar. == Salon wasa == An san Vinícius Júnior da saurin gudu, iya sarrafa ƙwallo (dribbling), da ƙwarewa wajen tsallake ‘yan baya. Yana taka leda a gefen fili kuma yana da kwarewa wajen ƙirƙirar dama da kuma cin ƙwallaye masu muhimmanci.<ref>Vinícius Júnior – Britannica biography [Britannica–Vinícius Júnior](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vinicius-Junior?utm_source=chatgpt.com)</ref> == Nasarori == === Real Madrid === * [[La Liga]]: 2019–20, 2021–22 * [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2021–22 * [[Supercopa de España]]: 2019–20, 2021–22 * [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2018, 2022 == Manazarta == jbskwh0unofxqqzwdewjsb3pkdtf7lt 0 56849 827970 466596 2026-04-30T12:59:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 827970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Garin Ouattagouna|Gari]] ne da yake a [[Birnin Tarihi na Ahmadabad|Birnin]] Rohtas [[Dakarun kare juyin juya halin Musulunci|dake]] a [[Karkashin korama|karkashin]] jahar [[Bihar Sharif|Bihar]] a [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|kasar]] [[indiya]]. Akidayar [[Shekara|shekarar]] 2011 Garin yana da jumullar mutane 6,569.{{stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Hujja}} eon9204ps35nngutkmii3ax7nu7bfdt 0 62744 828208 535679 2026-05-01T00:57:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lily Tembo''' (Nuwamba 20, 1981 - Satumba 14, 2009), wacce aka fi sani da '''Lily T''', mawaƙiyar Zambiya ce, mai gabatar da shirin rediyo, ƴar jarida kuma ma'aikaciyar agaji<ref>[http://www.sternsmusic.com/discography/6603 Lily Tembo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630115629/http://www.sternsmusic.com/discography/6603 |date=2018-06-30 }} Stans Music</ref><ref>[http://www.bhmagazine.com/content/view/197/28/ Almbum Review: Lily T] BH magazine {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106054456/http://www.bhmagazine.com/content/view/197/28/ |date=January 6, 2009 }}</ref> wacce ta sami yabo ta ƙasa tare da kundi na farko na 2004 ''Lily T''.<ref name="lyricsafrica">[http://lyricsafrica.com/index.php?Itemid=69&id=131&option=com_content&task=view African Entertainment and Music] Lyrics Africa {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714010556/http://lyricsafrica.com/index.php?Itemid=69&id=131&option=com_content&task=view |date=July 14, 2011 }}</ref> Dalilin wannan kundin, ta sami kyaututtuka biyu. Tembo ta saki albam guda biyu kuma tana aiki akan na uku a kafin mutuwarta. Baya ga waƙa, ta shahara wajen gabatar da shirye-shirye a gidan rediyon 5th FM a ƙasar [[Zambiya]], inda ta yi aikin jarida da kuma ayyukan agaji. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Tembo a Kabwe, Zambia, kuma ta girma a cikin iyali masu son kiɗa. Mahaifinta, ya buga wasan bongo na Afirka, haka-zalika yayyenta da mahaifiyarta, sun rera waƙa a coci. Tembo ta halarci makarantar sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta ƴan mata ta Kabulunga da ke a [[Lusaka]], babban birnin kasar [[Zambia]]. Daga baya, ta ci gaba da aikin jarida a [[Kwalejin Evelyn Hone]]. Tembo ta shiga sabgar waƙa a shekara ta 2004 tare da fitar da album dinta Mai taken: ''Lily T'', wanda shine dalilin fara sana'arta ta waƙe, kuma ya jawo hankalin ƙasar ta, akanta.<ref name="lyricsafrica" /> Ta fitar da kundi na biyu a shekara ta 2006. Tembo ta kasance mai karanta labarai na gidan rediyon 5th FM, da ke [[Lusaka]], [[Zambiya|Zambia]]. Bayan lashe lambar yabo guda ɗaya, [[BBC Africa]] ta karɓe ta a matsayin fitacciyar jarumar Afirka wacce ta kasance ta asali ga kayan gargajiya. == Aikin sadaka == Lily ta taka rawa wajen wayar da kan jama'a akan cutar zazzabin cizon [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|sauro]] a Zambia. A watan Afrilun 2009, ta jagoranci masu ibada a taron tunawa da ranar zazzabin cizon sauro na duniya a birnin [[Lusaka]].<ref>[http://www.path.org/projects/macepa_jennings_malaria_blog.php World Malaria day] Parth {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121045733/http://www.path.org/projects/macepa_jennings_malaria_blog.php |date=November 21, 2009 }}</ref> ==Albam== * ''Lily T'' (2004) * ''Osalila'' (2006) == Kyaututtuka da ayyanawa== {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- !Shekara !Kyauta !Iri !Sakamako |- | rowspan=1 | 2005 | Koala Awards | Best New Artist | style="background: #ffdddd"| Nominated |- | rowspan=2| 2007 | rowspan=2| Ngoma Awards | Best Female Recording Artist |style="background: #ddffdd"| Nasara |- |Best Music Video Award |style="background: #ddffdd"| Nasara |- |} == Mutuwa == Bayan ta yi magana game da " ciwon cikin da ke damunta"<ref>[http://ukzambians.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2493&Itemid=500 Lily Tembo is dead] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114004/http://ukzambians.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2493&Itemid=500 |date=2014-08-26 }} UKZambians,(content encoded by Zend Guard)</ref> da fama da matsanancin ciwon ciki,<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/site/Zambias_female_singer_Lily_T_dead/list_messages/26948 Zambias female singer Lily T dead] AfricaNews {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928064203/http://www.africanews.com/site/Zambias_female_singer_Lily_T_dead/list_messages/26948 |date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=17827] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923085445/http://www.lusakatimes.com/?p=17827 |date=2009-09-23 }} Lusaka Times</ref> Tembo ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Satumba, 2009, tana da shekaru 27 a duniya. ===Kafin nan=== Ƴar'uwar Tembo Patience ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa "Tana da ciwon ciki, ta kamu da rashin lafiya ranar Asabar, ta fara amai da yawa kuma ta kamu da [[Rashin jini|rashin lafiya]]. A ranar Litinin da misalin karfe 19:00, ta ce ga garinku nan-(ta mutu)."<ref>[http://www.postzamby aaaaaia.com/content/view/13658/50/ Singer Lily T dies] The Post {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923163126/http://www.postzambia.com/content/view/13658/50/ |date=September 23, 2009 }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2009]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1981]] q8tcg373ix5hkj99swrsc6bsln866n8 0 63114 828293 707254 2026-05-01T07:22:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma’aikatar ilimi''' [[Akwa Ibom|'''ta jihar''']] '''[[Akwa Ibom]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/page-page-ministry-of-education.html|title=Ministry of Education|last=Government|first=Akwa Ibom State|website=akwaibomstate.gov.ng|access-date=2016-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422142625/https://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/page-page-ministry-of-education.html|archive-date=2016-04-22|url-status=dead|archivedate=2016-04-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422142625/https://akwaibomstate.gov.ng/page-page-ministry-of-education.html}}</ref> Ita ce ma’aikatar gwamnatin jihar da ke da alhakin lura da fannin ilimi a Jihar, tsara manufofi da kula da manyan makarantun firamare, Sakandare da na Jihohi bisa tsarin turbar manufofin ilimi na ƙasa, da sa ido. da kuma kimanta shirye-shiryen ilimi don tabbatar da inganci. Ɓangaren ilimi a jihar [[Akwa Ibom]] ya samu gagarumin ci gaba musamman na ilimi kyauta, wajibi da kuma ingantaccen ilimi wanda gwamnatin [[Godswill Akpabio]] ta ƙaddamar inda samun ilimi a makarantun [[Firamare]] da Sakandare kyauta ne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://naija247news.com/2016/01/education-is-free-and-compulsory-education-in-akwa-ibom-state-gov-udom-insists/|title=Education is free and compulsory in Akwa Ibom State, Gov.Udom Insists|website=Naija247news|language=en-US|access-date=2016-04-02}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/index.php/education/30480-akwa-ibom-employs-5000-teachers|title=Akwa Ibom employs 5000 teachers|website=www.dailytrust.com.ng|access-date=2016-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531071437/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/index.php/education/30480-akwa-ibom-employs-5000-teachers|archive-date=2016-05-31|url-status=dead|archivedate=2016-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531071437/http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/daily/index.php/education/30480-akwa-ibom-employs-5000-teachers}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} p137cxw7iiy57hlrcma6ngeyof5qdiw 0 63910 828261 489424 2026-05-01T06:36:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Léopold K. Fakambi (Ouidah, Bénin).jpg|thumb|Léopold K. Fakambi]] '''Léopold Kocou Fakambi''' (21 Oktoba 1942 - 24 Agusta 2021) masanin aikin gona ne na ƙasar Benin, sannan injiniya, kuma masanin abinci, kuma Malami.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ayosso|first=Akpédjé|date=24 August 2021|title=Le doyen de la FSA Léopold Fakambi n’est plus|trans-title=|url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?Le-doyen-de-la-FSA-Leopold-Fakambi-n-est-plus|language=French|work=24 Heures au Bénin|location=|access-date=31 August 2021}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Fakambi a [[Lomé]] a ranar 21 ga watan Oktoba 1942. Ya yi makarantar sakandare a Lycée Béhanzin da ke [[Porto-Novo]] daga shekarun 1955 zuwa 1962 sannan daga baya {{Interlanguage link|classes préparatoires scientifiques|fr}} in Besançon. Daga baya, ya yi karatu a Lycée Janson-de-Sailly a [[Faris|Paris]]. Ya shiga {{Interlanguage link|Institut national agronomique|fr}} a cikin shekarar 1964 kuma ya kammala karatun digirinsa a Sorbonne a cikin shekarar 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sudoc.abes.fr/cbs/xslt/DB=2.1//SRCH?IKT=12&TRM=108390047&COOKIE=U10178,Klecteurweb,D2.1,E21cd3adb-8d,I250,B341720009+,SY,QDEF,A%5C9008+1,,J,H2-26,,29,,34,,39,,44,,49-50,,53-78,,80-87,NLECTEUR+PSI,R161.115.216.213,FN|title= Interaction du calcium et des lipides alimentaires : Mise en évidence de l'excrétion fécale de savons de calcium chez le rat|date=1970|work=SUDOC|language=French}}</ref> Fakambi ya zama farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar jiki a [[jami'ar Benin]] kafin ya zama shugaban tsangayar kimiyyar noma a jami'ar Abomey-Calavi. Ya yi shekaru da yawa yana Majalisar Gudanarwa a Cibiyar Noma ta Duniya da ke [[Ibadan]]. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami mai ziyara a Jami'ar Senghor da ke [[Alexandria]]. Ya haɗu da ''Formation Internationale en Nutrition et Sciences Alimentaires'' kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Darakta daga shekarun 1992 zuwa 2000. Ya kuma kasance memba na kungiyar Conseil national de l'Alimentation et de la Nutrition a Benin. Léopold K. Fakambi ya mutu a ranar 24 ga watan 0 ai Agusta 2021 yana da shekaru 78.<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=24 August 2021|title=Carnet Noir : Leopold K. Fakambi, 1er Doyen De La FSA, Vient De Nous Quitter|trans-title= |url=https://www.les4verites.bj/leopold-k-fakambi-1er-doyen-de-la-fsa-vient-de-nous-quitter/|language=French|work=Les 4 Vérités|location= |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == * Knight na National Order of Benin{{Ana bukatan hujja}} * Knight na Ordre des Palmes académiques{{Ana bukatan hujja}} == Wallafe-wallafe == * ''Interaction du calcium et des lipides alimentaires : Mise en evidence de l'excrétion fécale de savons de calcium chez le rat'' (1971) * ''Abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin abinci mai gina jiki na iyaye mata : shirin abinci da abinci mai gina jiki na Cibiyar Noma da Nutrition ta Ouando a Jamhuriyar Jama'ar Benin'' (1990)<ref>{{cite news |last= |first= |date=24 August 2021|title=Carnet Noir : Leopold K. Fakambi, 1er Doyen De La FSA, Vient De Nous Quitter|trans-title= |url=https://www.les4verites.bj/leopold-k-fakambi-1er-doyen-de-la-fsa-vient-de-nous-quitter/|language=French|work=Les 4 Vérités|location= |access-date=31 August 2021}}</ref> * ''Evaluation de la nutrition pour USAID-Bénin : 3-14 Maris 1997'' (1997) * ''Alimentation et épanouissement physique et intellectuel de l'enfant'' == Manazarta == [[Category:Matattun 2021]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1942]] f7iw9sbx9o2t0tukm47urydipwp3yah 0 68095 828156 580819 2026-04-30T20:56:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Laquon Treadwell by Gage Skidmore.jpg|thumb|mawaƙi Laquon Treadwell]] '''Laquon Malik Treadwell''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga watan Yuni, 1995) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Baltimore Ravens na Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa (NFL). Ya buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Ole Miss Rebels daga shekarar 2013 zuwa 2015, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta biyu ta kasar Amurka a shekarar 2015. Ya bar a matsayin shugaban makarantar a duk lokacin liyafa tare da 202 a cikin lokutan yanayi uku 3. Minnesota Vikings ne suka zabi Treadwell a zagaye na farko na 2016 NFL Draft . Ya kuma kasance memba na Atlanta Falcons, Jacksonville Jaguars, New England Patriots, Arizona Cardinals da Seattle Seahawks .<ref>https://www.jaguars.com/news/roster-moves-jaguars-re-sign-a-wide-receiver-and-sign-a-kicker</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbKBeI1uVtU</ref><ref>https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201709170pit.htm</ref> == Shekaru na farko ==  halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Crete-Monee a yankin Chicago, inda ya gama aikin kwallon kafa na shekaru uku a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin na biyu a tarihin shirye-shiryen Illinois tare da yadudduka 3,563. Ya jakar leda da farko a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin a lokacin aikinsa, amma kuma ya kasance mai ba da gudummawa a matsayin sabon shiga kuma ya taka leda a kan tsaro a cikin shekaru masu girma. A matsayinsa na ɗan shekara ta biyu, ya kama 58 passes don 811 yadudduka da kuma touchdown bakwai. Yayinda yake ƙarami, an ba shi suna NWI Times Offensive Player of the Year, Southland Conference Offensive player of the Year da kuma na farko-team all-state pick lokacin da ya rubuta 75 kama don 1,391 yadudduka da 18 touchdowns a kan laifi da 45 tackles (10 don asarar) da kuma takwas sacks a kan tsaro. An kira Treadwell dan wasan Chicago Tribune na shekara, dan wasan NWI Times na shekara, da kuma tawagar farko ta jihar a matsayin babban jami'in bayan ya jagoranci Crete-Monee zuwa rikodin 14-0 da kuma lambar yabo ta jihar Class 6A; ya yi amfani da 81 don yadudduka 1,424 da 16 kuma ya yi sauri don yadudduki 257 da karin maki bakwai a ƙasa, yayin da yake sakewa ya tara 56 tackles da kuma tsayarwa shida. Don kokarinsa na babban lokacin, an kira Treadwell a matsayin zabin Amurka ta Under Armour, USA Today, MaxPreps da ''SuperPrep''. A matsayinsa na mai tsaron Kwando da kuma gaba, Treadwell ya sami maki 13.0 da 8.6 a kowane wasa ga Warriors.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbKBeI1uVtU</ref><ref>http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=128304&draftyear=2016&genpos=WR{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Haifaffun 1995]] 53gvgqpd5xzzyym5q07ofh9xqdwtb4r 0 68882 828220 384417 2026-05-01T02:54:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Looking for Baami''''' fim ne na wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya na 2019 wanda [[Biodun Stephen]] ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni. Tauraron fim din Femi Jacobs, [[Bimbo Ademoye]], Akinde Seyi a cikin manyan matsayi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Biodun Stephen’s ‘Looking for Baami’ Makes History|url=https://irokotv.com/videos/10579/looking-for-baami#:~:text=Login-,Looking%20For%20Baami,of%20ever%20fathering%20a%20child./|access-date=2020-11-26|website=Irokotv|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Looking for Baami|url=https://www.enollytv.com/preview/Looking%20For%20Baami/5d558a8db0e8a90004da79e2/|access-date=2020-11-26|website=Enollytv|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Abubuwan da shirin ya kunsa == <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Looking for Baami |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2020/01/looking-for-baami.html/ |access-date=2020-11-26|website=NollywoodReinvented|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ƴan wasan kwaikwayo == * Femi Jacobs a matsayin Femi Osinowo * [[Bimbo Ademoye]] a matsayin Ajinde (AJ) * [[Biodun Stephen]] * Tayo Odueke * Temitayo Awodoyin * Karen Ajimobi * Babatola Awelewe, * Seyi Akinde * Bolaji Ogunmola == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 9rmsbvxva72ouhwpntzaqgnlq0mo1oq 0 70768 828223 398590 2026-05-01T03:20:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Lost in Time''''' fim ne na Kenya na 2019 wanda Edijoe Mwaniki ya rubuta. mai ban tsoro na tunanin mutum wanda ke mai da hankali kan batun lafiyar kwakwalwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-02-06|title=Lost in Time|url=https://paukwa.or.ke/lost-in-time/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Paukwa|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-22|title=LOST IN TIME - A new Kenyan film you must watch, today|url=https://howto.co.ke/lost-in-time-a-new-kenyan-film-you-must-watch-today/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=How-to|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414052447/https://howto.co.ke/lost-in-time-a-new-kenyan-film-you-must-watch-today/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lost in Time - Production & Contact Info {{!}} IMDbPro|url=https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt12952936/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=pro.imdb.com}}</ref> Ya zuwa yanzu, fim din ya lashe lambobin Kalasha guda biyar. Kayan kyaututtuka sun hada da "Fim din mafi kyau", "mafi kyawun darektan" (Peter Kawa), "mafi kyau a cikin fim din" (George Mo), "ma fi kyawun rubutun" (Edijoe Mwaniki) da "mafi girman ƙirar sauti" (Karanja Kiarie).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chepkwony|first=Michael|title=Five Kalasha awards winning film wraps up 2019 in style with more screenings at City|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/arts-culture/article/2001354571/award-winning-film-wraps-up-2019-with-more-screenings|access-date=2020-10-09|website=The Standard|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-02|title=Kalasha Awards 2019 Full List of Winners|url=https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kalasha-awards-2019-full-list-of-winners/|access-date=2020-10-09|website=KenyanVibe|language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayani game da shi == Bayan mutuwar mahaifiyar Sam, ya makale a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kamar yadda wannan rana ta kasance a ranar da ya kusan rasa 'yarsa. Wannan yana shafar tunaninsa, kuma yana ƙoƙarin magance tsoronsa. Ya fara zama a gidan ma'aikacin abokinsa Michael, amma nan da nan ya lura da abubuwa masu ban mamaki da ke faruwa a cikin gidan. yi ƙoƙari ya warware asirin game da gidan da matar abokinsa, yayin da yake fama da tsoronsa, na baya da na yanzu.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Limited|first=Kenyabuzz|title=Movies|url=https://www.kenyabuzz.com/|access-date=2020-10-10|website=KenyaBuzz|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Here is a sneak preview of the new Kenyan movie ‘Lost in Time’|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/here-is-a-sneak-preview-of-the-new-kenyan-movie-lost-in-time|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Nairobi News|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017052102/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/here-is-a-sneak-preview-of-the-new-kenyan-movie-lost-in-time|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ƴan wasa == * George Mo a matsayin Sam Weto * Lucy Njoroge a matsayin Dokta Lilian Kareithi * Alan Oyugi a matsayin Michael Kareithi * Sheila Murugi a matsayin Judy Weto * Natasha Sakawa a matsayin Sifa Weto == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb title|12952936}} cmiozjm1ihzqgc7vyqznbfwbf0glfq8 0 71108 828216 733246 2026-05-01T02:08:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|honorific suffix=Living in Bondage|image=Living in Bondage 1992.jpg|citizenship=Nigeria|occupation=Igbo movie|organisation=Chris Obi Rapu Ken Nnebue Kenneth}} '''''Living in Bondage''''' wani fim ne mai ban sha'awa na wasan kwaikwayo [[Ɗan Nijeriya|na Najeriya]] kashi biyu na 1992/93 wanda Chris Obi Rapu ya ba da umarni, Kenneth Nnebue da Okechukwu Ogunjiofor suka rubuta, Ogunjiofor ne suka shirya, kuma Jafac Wine ne suka dauki nauyinsa. An harbe fim ɗin kai tsaye zuwa bidiyo, kuma ya yi tauraro Kenneth Okonkwo da Nnenna Nwabueze a cikin rawar da suka taka . Ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin bidiyon gida na farko na Najeriya wanda ya sami nasara mai ban mamaki.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/from-living-in-bondage-to-the-global-stage-the-growing-success-of-nollywood/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-24 |archive-date=2016-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812185715/http://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/from-living-in-bondage-to-the-global-stage-the-growing-success-of-nollywood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2015, [[Charles Okpaleke]] ya sami haƙƙin ''Rayuwa a cikin bauta'' na tsawon shekaru goma a ƙarƙashin kamfaninsa na Play Entertainment Network. A ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2019, babban jigon da ake jira, ''Rayuwa a cikin kangin bauta: Breaking Free'', <ref>[https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/living-in-bondage-breaking-free-is-a-perfect-sequel-after-27-years-review/km8fv24 Living in Bondage: Breaking Free]</ref> ya fara a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] . == Makirci == Andy Okeke ( [[Kenneth Okonkwo]] ) da matarsa Merit (Nnenna Nwabueze) suna fuskantar matsaloli da dama - jajircewa, rashin aminci, fatarar kudi, da kuma shawarwari marasa kyau daga mashahuran mashawarta, ciki har da shugaban kamfanin Merit Ichie Million (Francis Agu) da Cif Omego ( [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] ). Andy kullum yana kwatanta rashin arzikinsa da nasarar takwarorinsa, musamman tsohon abokinsa Paul (Okechukwu Ogunjiofor). Duk da goyon bayan Merit da haƙuri, Andy yana motsawa zuwa kusa-ɓacin rai, ƙaddara don samun dukiya ta kowace hanya mai yiwuwa, kuma Bulus mai magana mai laushi ya bayyana asirinsa - al'adun shaidan inda mambobin suka yi alkawarin biyayya ga Lucifer kuma suna kashe 'yan uwansu a cikin al'ada. sadaukarwa, samun dukiya mai yawa a madadinsa. Bayan jinkiri da yawa, Andy ya yarda ya sadaukar da mutumin da ya fi so - Merit. Ta mutu a asibiti kwanaki bayan al'ada, amma ba kafin ta zagi cin amanar mijinta ba. Wadatar ba zato ba tsammani Andy da sake yin aure bayan watanni uku bayan mutuwar Merit ya haifar da tuhuma daga tsoffin surikinsa, waɗanda ke zarginsa da kashe 'yarsu. Ya kuma ci karo da sabbin matsaloli – tsoma bakin paparazzi a rayuwarsa, sabuwar matarsa Ego ( [[Ngozi Nwosu]] ) da ya gudu da kudinsa bayan ya fadi a bikin aurensu na gargajiya, da kuma fatalwar Merit da ke addabarsa da tsoratar da shi a lokacin da bai yi tsammani ba. Daga baya Andy zai shiga wata kungiyar lauyoyi da Chinyere ( [[Jennifer Okere|Jenifer Okere]] ), wata matar da tsohuwar kawar Merit Caro (Ngozi Nwaneto) ta gabatar masa, amma ta gamu da ajalinta bayan da Caro ta kashe wa kawarta guba tare da yunkurin tserewa kasar waje da kudin. Chinyere ta yi wa mijinta sata. An kuma kashe Caro direban da ya yi gudu a kan hanyarta ta zuwa [[filin jirgin sama]], kuma [[Kisan kwangila|wasu mutane]] da suka kashe Paul sun kashe shi bayan Andy ya kama shi da alhakin sa hannun sa da kungiyar asiri. Andy wanda ya fusata a yanzu ya nemi taimakon kungiyar shedan, amma da babban firist (Daniel Oluigbo) ya dage cewa zai iya kwantar da hankalin matar marigayiyar ta hanyar makanta da kuma jefar da kansa, sai ya ki. Nan ba da dadewa ba Andy ya samu rugujewar tunani, yana zama mai zaman banza a karkashin wata gadar sama ta [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] har Tina (Rita Nzelu) – tsohuwar karuwa Andy ta taba gabatar wa kungiyar asiri a matsayin yaudara kafin a fallasa yaudararsa – ta kai shi cocinta. A karshe ya amsa laifin kisan Merit, kuma mahaifiyar Andy (Grace Ayozie) ta yi kuka a kabarin surukarta, tana neman gafararta. A filin wasan karshe na fim Andy, wanda yanzu ya warke daga hauka, ya yi ibada tare da Kiristocin bishara wadanda suka tabbatar masa da gafarar zunubansa.<ref name="theage2">{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/07/28/1090694021912.html|title=Nollywood dreams|publisher=[[The Age|The Age Company Ltd.]]|accessdate=7 August 2010|location=Melbourne, Australia|date=31 July 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article76466.ece|title=SA and Nigeria must throw culture into foreign policy mix|last=Adebajo|first=Adekeye|publisher=Times LIVE|accessdate=7 August 2010|location=Johannesburg, South Africa}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsday.co.tt/features/print,0,46558.html|title=Nollywood turns out 2,000 films a year|date=25 October 2006|publisher=[[Trinidad and Tobago Newsday]]|location=Port of Spain, Trinidad|accessdate=7 August 2010}}</ref> == Yin wasan kwaikwayo == * [[Kenneth Okonkwo]] as Andy Okeke * Nnenna Nwabueze a matsayin Merit, matar Andy * [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]] a matsayin Chief Omego, memba na kungiyar asiri * [[Francis Agu]] a matsayin Ichie Million, memba na kungiyar asiri kuma shugaban Merit * [[Okey Ogunjiofor|Okechukwu Ogunjiofor]] a matsayin Paul, abokin Andy kuma memba na kungiyar asiri * Ngozi Nwaneto a matsayin Caro, kawar Merit kuma budurwar Paul * [[Ngozi Nwosu]] a matsayin Ego, uwargidan Andy * Felicia Mayford a matsayin Obidia * Clement Offaji a matsayin Robert, dan damfara * Chizoba Bosah a matsayin kanwar Merit * [[Bob-Manuel Udokwu]] a matsayin Mike, memba na kungiyar asiri * Chukwudi Onu a matsayin Joseph, memba na kungiyar asiri * Sydney Diala a matsayin memba/mafarin kungiyar asiri * Daniel Oluigbo a matsayin babban malamin addini * Obiageli Molugbe a matsayin uwar kungiyar asiri * Rita Nzelu a matsayin Tina, karuwa a gida * Jennifer Okere a matsayin Chinyere, abokin Caro * Ruth Osu a matsayin makwabciyar Andy da Merit * Grace Ayozie a matsayin mahaifiyar Andy * Benjamin Nwosu a matsayin mahaifin Andy ’Yan wasan kwaikwayo Kanayo, Agu, Udokwu, Molugbe, Onu, da Osu an riga an kafa ’yan wasan kwaikwayo daga opera opera ''Checkmate'', kuma Okere yana taka rawa akai-akai a sabulun sabulun ''Ripples'' ; Fitowarsu ya taimaka wajen tallata fim ɗin. Nwabueze, Nwosu, da Ogunjiofor ne kawai manyan jaruman da ba su sake taka rawar gani a kashi na biyu na fim din ba. Halin Nwabueze Merit ya bayyana a cikin wani yanayi mai walƙiya, amma nau'in jiki biyu yana taka fatalwarta. An ambaci sunan Bulus sau da yawa a kashi na biyu amma bai taɓa bayyana akan allo ba; An kuma cika wurin mutuwarsa da jiki biyu. == Mabiyi == A shekarar 2015, fitaccen jarumin nan [[Ramsey Nouah]] da Charles Okpaleke sun sami ‘yancin ''zama a cikin bauta'' daga Kenneth Nnebue don yiwuwar sake yin fim a Turai da Amurka da kuma Najeriya. <ref>[http://thenet.ng/2015/11/ramsey-nouah-reportedly-set-to-remake-first-successful-nollywood-movie-living-in-bondage/ Ramsey Nouah reportedly set to remake first successful Nollywood movie, ‘Living in Bondage’]</ref> An tabbatar da labarin daga baya a kan [[Instagram]], amma aikin ya ragu a cikin jahannama na ci gaba har tsawon shekaru uku. (((project languished in development hell for three years. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-27|title=A sequel to the 1992 classic is being made|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/living-in-bondage-a-sequel-to-the-1992-classic-is-being-made/zn7jdgm|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2020-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013030137/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/living-in-bondage-a-sequel-to-the-1992-classic-is-being-made/zn7jdgm/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin 2018, Nouah ya sanar da sake yin sa ya koma wani mabiyi a yanzu mai suna ''Rayuwa a cikin kangin bauta: Breaking Free'', kuma an sake shi a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 2019, ya zama fim na 11 mafi girma a Najeriya. Nouah, wanda ke matsayin sabon babban limamin kungiyar asiri, ya fara fitowa a matsayin darakta, tare da ’yan wasan kwaikwayo na asali Okonkwo, Kanayo, da Udokwu, suma sun shiga hannu (an mayar da halin Udokwu zuwa guda daya). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Awaiting Second Coming Of Living In Bondage |url=https://guardian-ng.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/awaiting-second-coming-of-living-in-bondage/amp?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQECAFYAQ%3D%3D#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Fsunday-magazine%2Fawaiting-second-coming-of-living-in-bondage%2F |access-date=2024-02-24 |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211211130/https://guardian-ng.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/awaiting-second-coming-of-living-in-bondage/amp?amp_js_v=a2&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQECAFYAQ%3D%3D#referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fguardian.ng%2Fsunday-magazine%2Fawaiting-second-coming-of-living-in-bondage%2F |url-status=dead }}</ref> Labarin ya ta'allaka ne akan dan Andy Nnamdi, da kuma neman arziki kamar mahaifinsa a gabansa. Tsohuwar MBGN [[Munachi Abii|Muna Abii]] ta fara fitowa a fim tare da [[Jide Kene Achufusi|Swanky JKA]] a cikin rawar da ya taka .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-05-15|title='Living in Bondage: Breaking Free' to begin streaming on Netflix from May 22|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/living-in-bondage-breaking-free-to-begin-streaming-on-netflix-from-may-22/k6306qj|access-date=2021-08-23|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archive-date=2020-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201102194804/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/living-in-bondage-breaking-free-to-begin-streaming-on-netflix-from-may-22/k6306qj|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bayan fitowar sa na fim, fim ɗin ya fara nunawa akan Netflix a watan Mayu 2020.<ref name=":0" /> [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 1992]] * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 1993]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{IMDb title|0489511}} == Nassoshi == b6byyc5yw6x74yywfl0smjs85jqha08 0 73155 828300 555794 2026-05-01T08:27:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mac Jordan Amartey''' (1936-2018) ya kasance sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Dan Ghana.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/July-6th/actor-mac-jordan-amartey-has-died.php|title=Actor Mac Jordan Amartey has died|work=Joy Online|date=7 June 2018|access-date=18 November 2018|archive-date=18 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118122824/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2018/July-6th/actor-mac-jordan-amartey-has-died.php|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/veteran-actor-mac-jordan-amartey-dead-id8586264.html|title=Veteran actor, Mac Jordan Amartey dead|last=Arthur|first=Portia|work=Pulse|date=7 June 2018|access-date=26 November 2018|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129113316/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/sad-news-veteran-actor-mac-jordan-amartey-dead/q693gkv|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Razz Online|title=Mac Jordan Amartey acting his first movie after amputation of leg|date=31 October 2016|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fGKFaXElK4|access-date=26 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-06-23|title=Ghanaian movie stars who rocked the 90’s and early 2000’s|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghanaian-movie-stars-who-rocked-the-90-s-and-early-2000-s-364049|access-date=2020-07-11|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> Ya kasance tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a fina-finai na Ghana. cikin 2017. ya bayyana cewa ya yi amfani da kafafu na hannu bayan an yanke shi sakamakon [[Ciwon suga|Ciwon sukari]]. Amartey shahara sosai a fina-finai da yawa na Ghana ciki har da shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Idikoko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mac Jordan Amartey has died |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/mac-jordan-amartey-has-died.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == * Matsalar Zuciya (1993) * ''Black Star (2006) '' * ''Mai dawowa 2 (1995) '' * ''Wanda aka azabtar da shi na soyayya (1998) '' * Hukunce-hukuncen ya yi<ref>{{Citation |title=Fatal Decision ; Mac Jordan Amartey Movie |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H4eCUk9cZ4w |language=en |access-date=2022-09-05}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Jordan mutu a asibitin koyarwa na Korle Bu a ranar 6 ga Yuli, 2018, bayan ya yi fama da ciwon sukari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-09 |title=Mac Jordan Amartey finally laid to rest |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Mac-Jordan-Amartey-finally-laid-to-rest-683429 |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mac Jordan Amartey has died |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/mac-jordan-amartey-has-died.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref>Ya bar matarsa da yara huɗu. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|2717286}} [[Category:Mutuwan 2018]] otgovzr4m4aqy02rr8jvj3ltf50xf6q 0 74139 828226 717564 2026-05-01T04:22:13Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lucie Memba Bos.jpg|thumb|hoton lucui memba]]  {{Infobox person|name=Lucie Memba|image=Lucie Memba Bos (cropped).jpg|caption=Lucie Memba Bos in 2021|birth_date={{Birth year and age|1987}}|birth_place=[[Dschang, West Region]], Cameroon)|education=|occupation=[[Film producer|Producer]], actress|years_active=1999–present|spouse=Samuel Eto'o|awards=2013 {{ubl|Cameroon Movies Merit Award (CMMA)|2014 Encrain Noir}}}}'''Lucie Memba Bos,''' (an Haife shi a shekara ta 1987), yar wasan [[Kamaru]] ce, mai shirya fina-finai wacce ta yi tauraro a cikin jerin shirye-shirye da fina-finai a cikin yaren Faransanci da Ingilishi. An karrama ta ne a matsayin mafi kyawun jarumai a [[Sinima a Kamaru|Cinema na Kamaru]] don 'yar wasan Faransa da ke magana a Kamaru Movies Merit Award (CMMA) shekarar 2013, edition wanda Fred Keyanti ya shirya.Ta yi wasanta na farko a duniya tare da taurarin [[Nollywood]] a cikin fim ɗin Pink Poison wanda ke nuna [[Jim Iyke]] kuma Far ta fito tare da ɗan Najeriya [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] . A cikin shekarar 2014 ta ƙaddamar da samar da LMB bayan sunanta [Lucie Memba Bos]. Fim ɗin Aljannar Kamaru, har yanzu a cikin shekarar 2014. ita ce ta shirya fim ɗin [[La patrie d’abord|La patrie d'abord]], fim ɗin yaƙi na farko don karrama sojojin tsaron Kamaru da ke ƙarƙashin shirinta. A watan Satumba, shekarar 2017, an zabe ta a matsayin mafi kyawun jarumar mata 'yar [[Kamaru]] don le TROPHEES FRANCOPHONES DU CINEMA a cikin fim din ''La Patrie D'abord'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nigercultures.net/en/file.person.lucie-memba.27449.html|title=Nigercultures - Lucie Memba|website=nigercultures.net|access-date=22 September 2017|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920191316/http://nigercultures.net/en/file.person.lucie-memba.27449.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=QUI EST LUCIE MEMBA BOS ?|url=http://www.culturebene.com/22506-qui-est-lucie-memba-bos.html|work=culturebene.com|language=french|date=1 August 2016|access-date=18 September 2017}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=http://www.tiptopstars.com/mtdv/movies/nollywood-movies/671-pink-poison-reloaded-culture-minister-visits-actors-on-location.html|title=TIPTOPSTARS - ONLINE MAGAZINE Array Pink Poison Reloaded: Culture minister visits actors on location|first=Ernest|last=Kanjo|website=www.tiptopstars.com|access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://irepcamer.com/2014/10/29/camer-flim-alert-far-movie-premiere/|title=CAMER FILM ALERT: THE "FAR" MOVIE PREMIERE THIS WEEKEND - I Rep Camer|date=29 October 2014|website=irepcamer.com|access-date=22 September 2017|archive-date=20 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920191110/http://irepcamer.com/2014/10/29/camer-flim-alert-far-movie-premiere/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trophees-francophones.org/les-nominations|title=Trophées Francophones du Cinéma {{!}} 2017|website=www.trophees-francophones.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016174545/https://www.trophees-francophones.org/les-nominations|archive-date=2017-10-16}}</ref><ref name="culturebene.com2">{{cite web|url=http://www.culturebene.com/22506-qui-est-lucie-memba-bos.html|title=Qui est Lucie MEMBA BOS ? - Culturebene|date=1 August 2016|website=culturebene.com|access-date=22 September 2017}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:Casting du film Madame..Monsieur à la Première.jpg|thumb|Lucie Memba a cikin mutane ]] An haifi Lucie a yankin Dschang West (Kamaru) kuma ta girma a Bafoussam inda ta fara yin samfura kuma ta koma wasan kwaikwayo, bayan digirinta a fannin falsafar Baccalauréat, ta koma [[Douala]] don wasu damammaki. Kawo yanzu dai ba a buga ainihin ranar haihuwarta ba, wasu majiyoyi na cewa; An haife ta a shekarar 1987. == Sana'a == Lucie ya fara fitowa a cikin "Emoin A Seduire" a cikin shekarar 1999 lokacin da [[Sinima a Kamaru|Cinema na Kamaru]] ke ci gaba. <nowiki></br></nowiki> Ta yi fice a cikin shekarar 2008 kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Kamaru Movies Merit Award (CMMA) a matsayin mafi kyawun ƴar wasan kwaikwayo a Faransanci a cikin shekarar 2013, ta ƙaddamar da nata shirin Lucie Memba Bos (LMB). Ita ce mai shirya fim ɗin Kamaru na ''Aljanna'', an san aikinta a matsayin jagora kuma mai shirya fim ɗin [[La patrie d’abord|La patrie d'abord]], fim ɗin yaƙi na farko don girmamawa ga sojojin tsaron Kamaru kuma har yanzu a cikin shekarar 2014, ta haɗa kai. shirya "Ntah Napi" wanda ya lashe kyautar [[Ecrans Noirs Festival|Ecrans Noirs]] a cikin 2014 don mafi kyawun fim na Faransa Tana ɗaya daga cikin [[Ɗan wasa|ƴan wasan kwaikwayo]] na Kamaru masu sa'a waɗanda ma'aikatar al'adu ta san aikinsu, tana cikin ƴan wasan da suka gana da minista. Ama Tutu Muna wacce ta ziyarci simintin gyare-gyare a cikin fim ɗin Pink Poison a Buea, shekarar 2013. <nowiki></br></nowiki> A cikin shekarar 2016, an san ta a matsayin mafi kyawun ƙwararrun 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta gidan yanar gizon mashahurin Kamaru Le Film Camerounais Lucie, kuma an san ta da fim ɗin Fast Life tare da ɗan wasan Faransa [[Thomas Nguijol]] . Har ila yau, tana aiki tare da (Tribe Africa Media) don tallafawa da nuna ƙauna ga [[Zabaya|Albinism]] a Kamaru a matsayin bikin tunawa da ranar zabiya ta Duniya. [[Fayil:Blaise Pascal Tanguy & Lucie Memba & Alain Tenzon.jpg|thumb|Lucie Memba]] A cikin watan Satumbar shekarar 2017, Lucie ta dauki jagoranci a cikin wani sabon fim da ke fitowa tare da tauraron fina-finan [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] [[Zack Orji]] a wata hira da Dcoded TV, don sanin yadda take jin yin aiki da Zack Orji, in ji ta. {{Cquote|I am overwhelmed with all of this. Its like a dream come true for me and Zack Orji is someone i respect and i have watched his movies over many years… To work with him on a film is just amazing. I can’t wait,”}} Duk wannan ya cika ni. Ya zama kamar mafarki a gare ni kuma Zack Orji mutum ne da nake girmamawa kuma na kalli fina-finansa shekaru da yawa… Yin aiki tare da shi akan fim abin ban mamaki ne. Ba zan iya jira ba," Baya ga aikinta na fim, a cikin 2008 an ɗauke ta aiki don yin aiki tare da Guinness [[Kamaru]] a matsayin wakiliyar talla.<ref name="tendancespeoplemag.com3">{{cite web|url=http://tendancespeoplemag.com/?p=2272|title=Lucie Memba Bos: Passionnée du 7ème art – Tendancespeoplemag|website=tendancespeoplemag.com|date=19 February 2017|access-date=22 September 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A cikin Satumba shekarar 2017, Lucie ya sadu da fitaccen dan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Kamaru [[Samuel Eto'o]] a Douala.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dcodedtv.com/lucie-memba-gushes-over-samuel-etoo/|title=Lucie Memba gushes over meeting Samuel Eto'o|date=9 October 2017}}</ref> == Filmography == === 2011-2020 === * ''Tsarin Allah'' * ''Deiting na shida'' * ''Napi 1 de Ousmane Stéphane et Sergio Marcello'' * ''Waka'' * ''Ƙasa ta farko'' * ''La maladi'' * ''Sirrin manufa'' * ''Nisa'' [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Akande]] * ''Guba ruwan hoda'' da [[Jim Iyke]] * ''Le Blanc D'Eyanga 2 tare da Thierry Ntamack'' * ''La Partrie D'abord'' * ''Rayuwa mai sauri''<ref name="tendancespeoplemag.com2">{{cite web|url=http://tendancespeoplemag.com/?p=2272|title=Lucie Memba Bos: Passionnée du 7ème art – Tendancespeoplemag|website=tendancespeoplemag.com|date=19 February 2017|access-date=22 September 2017}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === 2009 === * ''Gidan dadi na Ghislain Amougou'' * ''Sha'awa.'' ''Sunan mahaifi ma'aikacin Serge Kendjo'' === 2008 === * ''Série Paradis d' Ousmane Stéphane'' * ''Série Le Monde De Loïc, De Raphaël Matouke'' * ''Kwayoyin cuta'' == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara ! Kyauta ! Kashi ! Mai karɓa ! Sakamako |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | rowspan="2" | RUNDUNAR FRANCOPHONES DU CINEMA | Mafi kyawun Jaruma | rowspan="2" | Ita kanta | {{Nom}} |- | |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | rowspan="2" | Kyautar Kyautar Fina-Finan Kamaru (CMMA) | Mafi kyawun Jaruma | rowspan="2" | Ita kanta | {{Won}} |- | | |- | rowspan="4" | 2014 | Encrain Noir | Mafi kyawun Fim na Faransa | rowspan="8" | Aikinta | {{Won}} |- |} == Duba kuma == * [[Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Kamaru|Jerin 'Yan wasan Kamaru]] * [[Sinima a Kamaru|Cinema na Kamaru]] == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * * {{IMDb name|4271355}} == Manazarta == [[Category:Haihuwan 1987]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] b59yuu300lrdbfjyarzb5nna1254m56 0 75607 828196 603643 2026-04-30T23:43:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Osbourne 2010-stl.jpg|thumb|yar wasan kwallon kafa]] '''Leslie Marie Osborne''' (an haife ta a ranar ashirin da bakwai 27 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 1983) ƴar wasan [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ce ta [[Amurka]] da ta yi ritaya wacce ta buga wa Chicago Red Stars wasa ta ƙarshe a NWSL a shekarar 2013. Ta kasance tsohuwar memba na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Amurka kuma a baya ta buga wa FC Gold Pride da Boston Breakers a cikin WPS . Ta sanar da ritayar ta a matsayin ƴar wasa a watan Maris na shekara ta 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 11, 2014 |title=Osborne Announces Retirement, Reflects on Career |url=http://equalizersoccer.com/2014/03/11/leslie-osborne-retires-reflects-career-breakers-red-stars-uswnt/ |access-date=March 24, 2014 |publisher=Equalizer Soccer}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a garin Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Osborne ta girma a Brookfield, Wisconsin kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Katolika a Waukesha, Wisconsin. === Jami'ar Santa Clara === [[File:Osbourne_2010-stl.jpg|left|thumb|180x180px|Osborne a St. Louis a cikin Shekarar 2010.]] Osborne ya buga kwallon kafa a Jami'ar Santa Clara da ke Santa Clara, [[California]] . A matsayinta na sabon shiga, ta kasance muhimmiyar mamba a kungiyar Santa Clara wacce ta lashe gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta mata ta NCAA ta 2001. A matsayinta na babban jami'i a shekara ta 2004, ta kasance ƴar wasan kusa da na karshe na Hermann Trophy kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Honda Sports a matsayin fitacciyar ƴar wasan mata ta kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2019 |title=The California Storm adds Leslie Osborne to the Board of Directors |url=https://www.calstormsoccer.com/storm-blog/storm-adds-leslie-osborne |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=California Storm Women's Soccer |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817174156/https://www.calstormsoccer.com/storm-blog/storm-adds-leslie-osborne |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=Soccer |url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/soccer |language=en |access-date=2020-03-29}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasa == === Ƙungiyar === [[File:Megan_Rapinoe_and_Leslie_Osborne.jpg|right|thumb|Osborne ta kare [[Megan Rapinoe]] a watan Agustan shekara ta 2011]] ==== FC Gold Pride ==== A shekara ta 2009, ta buga wa FC Gold Pride wasa, a kakar wasa ta farko ta gasar ƙwallon ƙafafa ta mata (WPS). ==== Boston Breakers ==== A shekara ta 2010, an sanya Osborne a matsayin wakilin kyauta kuma ta sanya hannu tare da Boston Breakers . Lokacin da WPS ta dakatar da ayyukan a farkon shekarar 2012 kuma daga baya ta ninka, Osborne ta ci gaba da Breakers yayin da suka koma cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Mata ta Elite.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leslie Osborne bio |url=http://www.osbornesoccer.com/bio.html |access-date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=Leslie Osborne |archive-date=November 26, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126021746/http://osbornesoccer.com/bio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da masu saka hannun jari ga tawagar a duka WPS da WPSL Elite.<ref> name="Boston Globe 2012"{{Cite web |title=Leslie Osborne helped keep Boston women's soccer alive |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2012/07/06/leslie-osborne-helped-keep-breakers-kicking/dfSpr8bSeHe1mnlRbTdKyN/story.html |access-date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=Boston Globe}}</ref> ==== Chicago Red Stars ==== A shekara ta 2013, ta shiga ƙungiyar Chicago Red Stars a sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Kasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leslie Osborne announces she is signing with the Chicago Red Stars |url=http://www.nwslnews.com/leslie-osborne-announces-she-is-signing-with-the-chicago-red-stars/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608152543/http://www.nwslnews.com/leslie-osborne-announces-she-is-signing-with-the-chicago-red-stars/ |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |access-date=January 18, 2013 |publisher=NWSL News}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Maris, na shekarar 2014 ta sanar da ritayar ta daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leslie Osborne announces retirement from professional soccer |url=http://www.nwslnews.com/leslie-osborne-announces-retirement-from-professional-soccer/ |access-date=March 11, 2014 |publisher=NWSL News |archive-date=June 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607213055/http://www.nwslnews.com/leslie-osborne-announces-retirement-from-professional-soccer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ƙasashen Duniya === Osborne ta kasance memba na ƙungiyoyin matasa na Amurka a Shekara ta 2002 da kuma shekarar 2003, kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta farko tare da babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasa a ranar 30 ga Janairun, shekarar 2004 a kan Sweden . Bayan ta zauna a wasan farko na Amurka na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta Shekara 2007 a madadin Shannon Boxx, ta buga dukkan minti 90 a dukkan wasannin biyar da suka rage. A lokacin da aka yi rashin nasara 4-0 a wasan kusa da na karshe ga Brazil, Osborne ya zira kwallaye na kansa a cikin ƙoƙari na share kusurwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brasil atropela os EUA e vai à final da Copa feminina pela 1ª vez - 27/09/2007 - UOL Esporte - Futebol |url=https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/ultimas/2007/09/27/ult59u131797.jhtm |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=[[Universo Online]]}}</ref> [[Fayil:Megan Rapinoe - magicJack.jpg|thumb|Leslie Osborne]] A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2008, Osborne ta tsage ACL kafin wasannin Olympics na shekara ta 2008. Ta ɗauki kusan shekara guda don farfado da raunin gwiwa da ta samu, wanda ya sa ta rasa wasannin tawagar ƙasa da yawa kuma ta rasa matsayinta na farko a tawagar ƙasa. === Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa === {{Football international goals keys|num=n|number=n|oq=n|wq=n|ot=n|wf=n|it=n}} {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" style="font-size:90%;" ! data-sort-type="number" style="font-size:95%;" width="30px" | !Ranar !Wurin da yake !Abokin hamayya ! data-sort-type="number" |Jerin ! data-sort-type="number" |Min !Taimako / wucewa ! data-sort-type="number" style="font-size:95%;" |Sakamakon ! data-sort-type="number" style="font-size:95%;" |Sakamakon ! width="160px" |Gasar |- |{{Center|1}} |Oktoba 1, 2006<ref group="m" name="goal01">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women Defeat Chinese Taipei, 10–0, Behind Wambach's Hat-trick |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/10/U-S-Women-Defeat-Chinese-Taipei-10-0-Behind-Wambachs-Hat-Trick.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013234422/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/10/U-S-Women-Defeat-Chinese-Taipei-10-0-Behind-Wambachs-Hat-Trick.aspx |archive-date=October 13, 2013 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |{{Flagicon|USA}}[[Carson, California|Carson]] |{{Fbw|TPE}} |{{subout|63|Marci|Miller|s}} |8 |Kristine Lilly |{{sortfbs|1|0|||5150.01005}} |{{sortfbs|10|0|||6050.10005}} | {{fb bg friendly match}} |[[Exhibition game|Abokantaka]] |- |{{Center|2}} |26 ga Nuwamba, 2006<ref group="m" name="goal02">{{Cite web |title=USA Wins CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup with 2-1 OT Victory vs. Canada |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2006/11/USA-Wins-CONCACAF-Womens-Gold-Cup-With-2-1-OT-Victory-Vs-Canada.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424124635/http://www.ussoccer.com/news/womens-national-team/2006/11/usa-wins-concacaf-womens-gold-cup-with-2-1-ot-victory-vs-canada.aspx |archive-date=April 24, 2013 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |{{Flagicon|USA}}[[Carson, California|Carson]] |{{Fbw|CAN}} |{{subout|91|Carli|Lloyd|s}} |6 |''ba tare da taimako ba'' |{{sortfbs|1|0|||5150.01005}} |{{sortfbs|2|1|||5150.02005}} | {{fb bg regional tournament}} |[[2006 CONCACAF Women's Gold Cup#Final|Kofin Zinare: na karshe]] |- |{{Center|3}} |Mayu 10, 2008<ref group="m" name="goal03">{{Cite web |title=U.S. Women's National Team Dominates Canada 6-0 at RFK Stadium as Natasha Kai Scores First Career Hat Trick |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2008/05/U-S-Womens-National-Team-Dominates-Canada-6-0-At-RFK-Stadium-As-Natasha-Kai-Scores-First-Career-Hat.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425080305/http://www.ussoccer.com/News/Womens-National-Team/2008/05/U-S-Womens-National-Team-Dominates-Canada-6-0-At-RFK-Stadium-As-Natasha-Kai-Scores-First-Career-Hat.aspx |archive-date=April 25, 2012 |publisher=U.S.Soccer}}</ref> |{{Flagicon|USA}}[[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] |{{Fbw|CAN}} |{{subin|70|Lindsay|Tarpley|21}} |87 |Amy Rodriguez |{{sortfbs|6|0|||5650.06005}} |{{sortfbs|6|0|||5650.06005}} | {{fb bg friendly match}} |Abokantaka |} == Ayyukan horarwa == Osborne ta kasance mataimakiyar kocin ga ƙungiyar mata ta Santa Clara na shekaru da yawa. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Osborne ta auri Ricky Lewis, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pro Soccer Players' Destination Fête with Pops of Color in Mexico |url=https://www.insideweddings.com/weddings/pro-soccer-players-destination-fete-with-pops-of-color-in-mexico/45566/ |website=Inside Weddings}}</ref> tare da ita tana da ƴaƴa mata uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leslie Osborne of Sweat Cosmetics and FOX sports shares her pro-soccer journey |url=https://healthyhumanlife.com/blogs/news/leslie-osborne-sweat-cosmetics |website=Health Human Life}}</ref> == Mai tallafawa == Osborne tana da tallafi na farko tare da kamfanin kayan wasanni na ƙasar Jamus, Puma . <ref name="Boston Globe 2012">{{Cite web |title=Leslie Osborne helped keep Boston women's soccer alive |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2012/07/06/leslie-osborne-helped-keep-breakers-kicking/dfSpr8bSeHe1mnlRbTdKyN/story.html |access-date=November 12, 2012 |publisher=Boston Globe}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1983]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] <references /> 6gmkgjykek2wm1nsbr6egbkar6npm71 0 76724 828298 571588 2026-05-01T08:17:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Maame Esi Acquah Taylor.jpg|thumb|Maame Esi Acquah Taylor]] '''Maame Esi Acquah Taylor''' 'yar kasuwa ce ta Ghana kuma mai riƙe da takara mai kyau. Ta sami kambin Miss Universe Ghana a shekara ta 2000 kuma ta wakilci Ghana a gasar Miss Universe 2000 a Cyprus . A halin yanzu ita ce ta kafa kuma babban jami'in zartarwa (Shugaba) na Aha Brands . An haife shi kuma ya girma a Cape Coast, Yankin Tsakiya, Ghana . Ta kammala karatu a Jami'ar Cape Coast . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Maame Esi Acquah Taylor a shekarar 1980 a Cape Coast, a yankin tsakiya na Ghana . Ta fara karatunta na farko daga St Monica's Primary da Cape Coast University JSS tsakanin 1986 da 1994 kafin ta ci gaba zuwa makarantar sakandare a Holy Child Secondary School a Cape Coast . Ta ba da General Arts a lokacin karatunta a Holy Child kuma daga baya ta gudanar da shirin digiri a Jami'ar Cape Coast . == Miss Universe Ghana == A shekara ta 2000, Taylor ta lashe kambin Miss Universe [[Ghana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Maame Esi Aquah is Miss Lux Universe 2000 |url=http://www.mclglobal.com/History/Mar2000/28c2000/28c0a.html |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=www.mclglobal.com}}</ref> wanda ya cancanci wakiltar Ghana a gasar Miss Universe a [[Cyprus]] <ref name=":2" /> == Ayyuka == Taylor ta fara aikinta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ta hanyar aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida mai watsa shirye-shirye da kuma mai ba da labarai a Citi FM wanda shine tashar rediyo ta Accra-Ingilishi. Ta ci gaba da yin aiki tare da Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Jiha, Ghana Television inda ta gabatar da 'The Breakfast Show' tare da Gifty Anti . <ref>{{Cite web |last=by |date=2016-08-07 |title=Complete Biography & Profile of Esi Acquah, Miss Ghana Universe 2000 |url=https://www.ghanastar.com/profiles/complete-biography-profile-of-esi-acquah-miss-ghana-universe-2000/ |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=GhanaStar |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Bankin a Zenith Bank, Ghana . A watan Satumbar 2020, ta yi aiki a matsayin alƙali a cikin Asusun Fasaha na Makomar Accra Mall inda aka ba Edzordzinam Agrosah lambar yabo ta biyu. Gidauniyarta Aha Pink Warriors da aka kafa a cikin 2018 da nufin yaki da ciwon nono.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-05 |title=Miss Universe Ghana 2000 Maame Esi Acquah outdoors Aha Pink Warriors Foundation to raise awareness against Breast Cancer – WATCH |url=https://tmghlive.com/events/miss-universe-ghana-2000-maame-esi-acquah-outdoors-aha-pink-warriors-foundation-raise-awareness-breast-cancer-watch/ |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=TMGHLive |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Miss Universe Ghana Outdoors Aha Pink Warriors Foundation To Raise Awareness Against Breast Cancer |url=https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201810/364887.php |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=2022-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004204414/https://m.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/pageants/201810/364887.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-09 |title=Miss Universe Ghana outdoors Aha Pink Warriors Foundation to raise awareness against breast cancer |url=https://www.theghanareport.com/miss-universe-ghana-outdoors-aha-pink-warriors-foundation-to-raise-awareness-against-breast-cancer/ |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=The Ghana Report |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520221649/https://www.theghanareport.com/miss-universe-ghana-outdoors-aha-pink-warriors-foundation-to-raise-awareness-against-breast-cancer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ababio |first=Jesse |date=2020-09-20 |title=Miss Universe Ghana 2020 Will Be Appointed – Menaye Donkor |url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/09/20/miss-universe-ghana-2020-will-be-appointed-menaye-donkor/trending/news |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta kafa Aha Brands a cikin 2012 wanda ke kasuwanci a cikin kayan haɗi, tufafi, tufafin wanka da Lawen Taylor's == Rayuwa ta mutum == Taylor ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya shida. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1980]] j64y0he4acwi74arrziqaob2avnt997 0 77670 828154 437480 2026-04-30T20:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lanre Alfred''' ɗan jaridar Najeriya ne, marubuci kuma mawallafi. Shi ne mawallafin jaridar The Capital, tsohon editan al'umma kuma marubuci a jaridar [[This Day]], marubucin littattafai guda biyar kuma ya mallaki Old English Superstores, wani shago a Legas, Najeriya.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/nigeria/thisday/20150725/282037620861762 |title=Lanre Alfred's Defence of Celebrity Journalism |date=25 July 2015 |website=ThisDay |author=Bisi Daniels|via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://urbanlifeng.com/default_main/index.php/1195-old-english-superstore-berths-in-omole |title=OLD ENGLISH SUPERSTORE BERTHS IN OMOLE |date=15 November 2017 |publisher=Global Excellence |access-date=11 June 2024 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611165724/http://urbanlifeng.com/default_main/index.php/1195-old-english-superstore-berths-in-omole |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 0l782blgibq79pa98ufioyc9g3m5n2z 0 77854 828028 540830 2026-04-30T16:43:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828028 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Yobe Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Damaturu]] '''Kwalejin Shehu Sule ta Nursing da Midwifery, Damaturu Damaturu''' Cibiyar kiwon lafiya ce mallakin gwamnati dake [[Damaturu]], babban birnin [[Yobe|jihar Yobe]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekarar 1993. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2022 |title=Yobe College of Nursing and Midwifery Breaks Record |url=https://independent.ng/yobe-college-of-nursing-and-midwifery-breaks-record/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.nmcn.gov.ng/ |website=nmcn.gov.ng}}</ref> == Darussa == Ana darussa kamar haka a Kwalejin: <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2020 |title=School of Nursing Dr. Shehu Sule Damaturu Admission List 2022/2023 |url=https://www.jambadmission.org/school-of-nursing-dr-shehu-sule-damaturu-admission-list/ |access-date=28 April 2024 |archive-date=28 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428073240/https://jambadmission.org/school-of-nursing-dr-shehu-sule-damaturu-admission-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2021 |title=Shehu Sule College of Nursing & Midwifery Form 2020/2021 |url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/shehu-sule-college-of-nursing-midwifery-form/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2023 |title=List of Nursing Schools in Nigeria, Cut off Marks, Fees |url=https://suresuccess.ng/son/nursing-schools-in-nigeria/ |access-date=28 April 2024 |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415085553/https://suresuccess.ng/son/nursing-schools-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nursing * Ungozoma == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 63cjsyjlq5860ff8fuem94zlny0dn25 0 77880 828188 415715 2026-04-30T22:17:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lebogang Phalula''' (an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1983) ɗan Afirka ta Kudu ne Mai tsere mai nisa. A shekara ta 2009, ta shiga gasar tseren mata a gasar zakarun duniya ta IAAF ta 2009 da aka gudanar a Amman, Jordan.<ref name="women_half_marathon_iaaf_championships_2018">{{Cite web|title=Women's Half Marathon|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6023/AT-HMAR-W-f----.RS6.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227000442/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6023/AT-HMAR-W-f----.RS6.pdf|archive-date=27 December 2019|access-date=25 June 2020|website=2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships}}</ref> Ta gama a matsayi na 29. A shekara ta 2018, ta yi gasa a tseren rabin mata a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta IAAF ta 2018 da aka gudanar a Valencia, Spain. <ref name="women_half_marathon_iaaf_championships_2018"/> Ta gama a matsayi na 97.[1]<ref name="women_half_marathon_iaaf_championships_2018" /> A shekara ta 2011, ta sami haramtacciyar watanni shida daga wasanni bayan ta ba da gwajin tabbatacce ga haramtaccen maganin methylhexaneamine . <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2014 |title=Doping ordeal behind me: Lebogang Phalula |url=https://www.news24.com/drum/news/doping-ordeal-behind-me-lebogang-phalula-20170728 |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=News 24 Drum Digital}}</ref> Ta lashe lambar yabo ta mita 800 a Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka ta Kudu ta 2005. <ref>[http://www.africathle.com/gb/perso/perf/042005.html South Africa championships, Durban 15-17/04] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428194655/https://www.africathle.com/gb/perso/perf/042005.html |date=2024-04-28 }}. Africa Athle. Retrieved 2021-01-23.</ref> Tana da tagwayen 'yar'uwa wacce ita ma 'yar wasa ce, mai suna [[Dina Lebo Phalula]] . <ref>Buthelezi, Mbongiseni (2019-09-04). [https://www.iol.co.za/sport/athletics/phalula-twins-aim-for-tokyo-via-cape-town-31817352 Phalula twins aim for Tokyo via Cape Town]. IOL. Retrieved 2021-01-23.</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1983]] 1gvirgb0cass3139lsh83xibfgil53d 0 78097 828133 739483 2026-04-30T19:26:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Onitsha Divisional Library,''' ɗakin karatu na jama'a na kasar [[Najeriya]] a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Laburare ta Jihar Anambra yana cikin garin kasuwanci na [[Onitsha]] a cikin ƙaramar hukumar [[Onitsha ta Arewa]], gundumar [[Anambra]] ta Arewa ta [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]]. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moukwelu Maureen Ifenyinwam, Usuka Enweremadu Isaac and Azubuike Chioma G. |date=2021 |title=Impact of Users' Reference and Information Needs Satisfaction on Library Patronage |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=14 |issue=1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogene Stephen |date=2013-12-04 |title=Repositioning Libraries for Information Management in Nigerian Society Being a Keynote Address Delivered on the Occasion of Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Nigerian Library Association (The Nature and Role of Public Libraries in Nigeria) |url=https://www.academia.edu/5317928 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.academia.edu}}</ref> Laburare ne na jama'a da aka gina don bayar da hidimomin karatu da bayanai ga mazauna garin Onitsha da kewaye. Babban ɗakin karatu na Onitsha yana da wani tsari da aka tsara shi a matsayin ɗakin karatu ba kamar wasu ɗakunan karatu na jama’a a jihar [[Anambra]] da ke ɗakuna ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chris Onebune |date=2008 |title=PROVISION OF PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY: A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA STATE LIBRARY BOARD |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=7–10}}</ref> Ita ce ke kula da ɗakin karatu na unguwar Atani kuma tana bayar da rahoto kai tsaye ga Daraktan Hukumar Laburare ta Jihar [[Anambra]] da ke Awka. Laburaren yana hidima ga mazauna Onitsha da kewaye da suka haɗa da yara, ɗalibai, matasa, maza, da mata. Yana da kayan aiki da albarkatun bayanai waɗanda suka haɗa da littattafai, manazarta, albarkatun audiovisual, sashin ɗakin karatu na e-library, da ɗakin taro. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Osuchukwu Ngozi |date=2015 |title=Assessment of Resources for Story Hour Programs: Review of Public Libraries in Anambra State, Nigeria |url=http://qqml.net/papers/Special_Issue_January_2015_Bibliometrics/4S5QQML_Journal_2015_SpecialIssueBibliometrics_Osuchukwu_41-48.pdf |journal=Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML) Special Issue Bibliometrics and Scientometrics |pages=41–48 |via=QQML }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke cikin ɗakin karatu na Onitsha == Abubuwan karatu da bayanai a cikin Laburaren Sashen Onitsha littattafai ne na labarai, littattafan hoto, zane-zane, litattafan rubutu, wakoki, da albarkatun tunani. Har ila yau ɗakin karatu yana da hotuna, zane-zane, kayan kiɗa, da kundin albarkatun karatu don masu amfani da mujallu da jaridu. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ibe Peter |date=2014 |title=AVAILABILITY AND USE OF RESOURCES AND SERVICES OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN ANAMBRA STATE |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=20–30}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2014, Gwamnan Jihar Anambra na lokacin, Mista [[Peter Obi]] ya inganta ɗakin karatu na Onitsha da kayan aiki da kayan aiki don samar da kayan aiki da ayyuka masu dacewa ga masu amfani. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akubuiro Henry |date=2022 |title=Peter Obi: 61 years on a solid rock |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/peter-obi-61-years-on-a-solid-rock/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=www.sunnewsonline.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=vanguard |date=2018-10-13 |title=Peter Obi: A complete profile |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/10/peter-obi-a-complete-profile/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye da ayyukan da Onitsha Divisional Library ke bayarwa == Bayanin kiwon lafiya da shiga cikin taron tunawa da Ranar Ciwon daji ta Duniya a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairu, 2021. Shirin ya ba da bayanai kan ainihin cin abinci na halitta da na abinci a matsayin wata hanya ta inganta garkuwar jiki da rage hadarin kamuwa da cutar kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Radio |first=Igbo |date=2021-02-05 |title=DVITEM, Anambra State Library, Majorie Bash Mark World Cancer Day 2021 |url=https://igboradio.com/en/dvitem-anambra-state-library-majorie-bash-mark-world-cancer-day-2021 |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Igbo Radio |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Light |first=National |date=2021-02-05 |title=Groups partner Anambra Library to mark World Cancer Day |url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2021/02/05/groups-partner-anambra-library-to-mark-world-cancer-day/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=National Light |language=en-US}}</ref> Ranar Rubuce-rubuce ta Duniya ta shekarar 2021 ta ƙarfafa ɗalibai da kowa da kowa don haɓaka karatu da koyan ICT don daidaita rarrabuwar dijital. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okafor |first=Izunna |date=2021-09-09 |title=Anambra Library marks Literacy Day with pupils |url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2021/09/09/anambra-library-marks-literacy-day-with-pupils/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=National Light |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin ranar Asabar na yara mai taken Labarin Labari a sashen yara na ayyukan ilmantarwa da inganta al'adun karatu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Osuchukwu, N. P. |date=2020 |title=Perception of Children's Reading with Literature and Audio Visual Materials in the Public Library |url=https://www.ajol.info |journal=Information Impact: Journal of Information and Knowledge Management |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages= |via=Information Impact}}</ref> Shirye-shiryen sayan gwaninta a cikin zane-zane masu kyau don yaran makaranta don bincika basirarsu a zane-zane, kirkire-kirkire tare da yin kyawawan rubutu akan T-shirts. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Skill Acquisition For School Children |url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2016/09/11/skill-acquisition-for-school-children/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Heartbeat Of The East |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Shuwagabannin Laburare na Onitsha na baya == Mr Atuona Uche Nebolisa Nkechi Udeze <ref>http://m-lib5.lib.cuhk.edu.hk/files/pdf/2b_nkechi.pdf</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} a7lzjb6r2w4vp79q4zzm3w31fi9o9w9 0 78100 828134 418181 2026-04-30T19:28:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ihembosi Community Library,''' ɗakin karatu ne na al'ummar [[Najeriya]] a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Laburare ta Jihar Anambra. Laburare na jama'a yana cikin al'ummar Ihembosi a cikin Ƙaramar hukumar [[Ekwusigo]] a [[Anambra|jihar Anambra]], a ƙarƙashin gundumar Anambra ta Kudu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Anambra South Senatorial District |url=https://ccrd.unizik.edu.ng/anambra-senatorial-districts/anambra-south-senatorial-district/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=Centre for Community and Rural Development |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Moukwelu Maureen Ifenyinwam, Usuka Enweremadu Isaac and Azubuike Chioma G. |date=2021 |title=Impact of Users' Reference and Information Needs Satisfaction on Library Patronage |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=14 |issue=1}}</ref> Yana daya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu guda goma sha ɗaya da aka gina a jihar Anambra domin bayar da hidimomin karatu da kuma faɗakarwa ga mazauna unguwar da ke zaune da kewaye. Laburaren unguwar Ihembosi yana ƙarƙashin ɗakin karatu na Nnewi Divisional Library wanda ke ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Daraktan Hukumar Laburare ta Jihar Anambra da ke Awka. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onebune Chris |date=2008 |title=PROVISION OF PUBLIC LIBRARY SERVICES IN A DEPRESSED ECONOMY: A CASE STUDY OF ANAMBRA STATE LIBRARY BOARD |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=7–10}}</ref> == Abubuwa na bayanai da kayan aiki a cikin Laburaren Al'ummar Ihembosi == Abubuwan karatu da bayanai a cikin Laburaren Jama'a na Ihembosi littattafan labari ne, littattafan hoto, litattafan rubutu, wakoki, da albarkatun tunani. Har ila yau ɗakin karatun yana da hotuna, kayan kiɗa, da kundin albarkatun karatu don masu amfani da shi da kuma mujallu da jaridu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Osuchukwu Ngozi . Received: 15.6.2014 Accepted: 30.11.2014 |date=2015 |title=Assessment of Resources for Story Hour Programs: Review of Public Libraries in Anambra State, Nigeria |url=http://qqml.net/papers/Special_Issue_January_2015_Bibliometrics/4S5QQML_Journal_2015_SpecialIssueBibliometrics_Osuchukwu_41-48.pdf |journal=Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries (QQML) Special Issue Bibliometrics and Scientometrics |pages=41–48 |via=QQML }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ibe Peter |date=2014 |title=AVAILABILITY AND USE OF RESOURCES AND SERVICES OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES IN ANAMBRA STATE |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=7 |pages=22–30}}</ref> == Shirye-shirye da ayyuka a cikin Laburaren Jama'a na Ihembosi == * Ranar Rubuce-rubuce ta Duniya ta 2021 ta ƙarfafa ɗalibai da kowa da kowa don haɓaka karatu da koyan ICT don daidaita rarrabuwar dijital. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okafor |first=Izunna |date=2021-09-09 |title=Anambra Library marks Literacy Day with pupils |url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2021/09/09/anambra-library-marks-literacy-day-with-pupils/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=National Light |language=en-US}}</ref> * Shirin Faɗakarwa akan Ciwon daji <ref>{{Cite web |last=Light |first=National |date=2019-02-07 |title=Library marks 2019 World Cancer Day in ground style |url=https://www.nationallightngr.com/2019/02/07/library-marks-2019-world-cancer-day-in-ground-style/ |access-date=2022-12-27 |website=National Light |language=en-US}}</ref> * Shirin ranar Asabar na yara mai taken Labarin Labari a sashin yara na ayyukan ilmantarwa da inganta al'adun karatu. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Osuchukwu, Ngozi |date=2012 |title=HARNESSING THE STORY HOUR PROGRAM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF READING CULTURE: THE ANAMBRA STATE PUBLIC LIBRARIES |url=https://lisdigest.org |journal=Library and Information Science Digest |volume=6 |pages=23–34}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jarh6zph78xkta5u3iqdm5u8mya4c0t 0 78991 827996 432643 2026-04-30T15:13:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Fine and Applied Art a [[Khartoum]]''' ita ce kawai makarantar fasaha ta jama'a a [[Sudan]]. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ce ta kafa wanda ya riga ta a 1945 a matsayin Makarantar Zane a tsohuwar Kwalejin Gordon Memorial (daga baya Jami'ar Khartoum). A shekara ta 1951, an sanya shi cikin Cibiyar Fasaha ta Khartoum wacce ta zama Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Sudan (SUST) a shekara ta 1971, kuma an sake sunan makarantar Kwalejin Fine da Applied Art. Wasu daga cikin sanannun masu zane-zane na Sudan da suka yi karatu ko koyarwa a kwalejin sune Kamala Ibrahim Ishaq, Ibrahim El-Salahi da [[Ahmed Shibrain]], wanda aka fi sani da shi a duniya a matsayin membobin Makarantar Khartoum ta fasahar zamani. Duk da manyan koma baya da suka haifar da watsi da gwamnatoci da yawa tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1980, makarantar fasaha ta ci gaba zuwa karni na 21 kuma ita ce wurin da yawancin masu zane-zanen zamani na Sudan suka fara ilimin fasahar su. Bayan [[Juyin juya halin Sudan|Juyin Juya Halin Sudan]] na 2018/19, kwalejin ta sake fasalin tsarin karatun ta da ma'aikatan koyarwa, kuma tana ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar zamantakewa da siyasa na ƙungiyoyin fasaha na ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Fine and Applied Arts - Sudan Memory |url=https://www.sudanmemory.org/cms/140/ |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.sudanmemory.org}}</ref> == Tarihi == === A lokacin mulkin mallaka === Don horar da malamai na fasaha ga makarantun gwamnati da ke karkashin jagorancin Burtaniya na Sudan ta Anglo-Masar, an gabatar da Sashen Fasaha a cikin 1930 a Cibiyar Malamai ta Bakhtalruda. An kafa wannan a Cibiyar Ilimi ta tsohon Kwalejin Tunawa da Gordon a 1943, kuma a 1945, an kafa Makarantar Zane. Jean-Pierre Greenlaw, malamin fasaha na Burtaniya, ya zama darektan farko na wannan makarantar kuma ya zama mutum mai tasiri a fagen fasaha na kasar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Um |first=Nancy |date=2011-11-01 |title=Greenlaw's Suakin: The Limits of Architectural Representation and the Continuing Lives of Buildings in Coastal Sudan |url=https://orb.binghamton.edu/art_hist_fac/2 |journal=Art History Faculty Scholarship}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Serjeant |first=R. B. |date=1977 |title=Review of The Coral Buildings of Suakin |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/615885 |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=204–206 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00041057 |issn=0041-977X |jstor=615885 |s2cid=162978896}}</ref> A shekara ta 1951, an tura makarantar zuwa Cibiyar Fasaha ta Khartoum, kuma a shekara ta 1971, ta zama Kwalejin Fine da Applied Art a Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Sudan (SUST). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=College of Fine and Applied Art - history |url=https://art.sustech.edu/about/history/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=Sudan University for Science and Technology}}</ref> Tun daga farko, an kafa makarantar ne a cikin al'adar makarantun fasaha na Burtaniya, suna ba da darussan a cikin zane-zane da zane-zane a cikin zane, gine-gine, zane, lissafi da zane. Manufarta ita ce samar da malamai don makarantun sakandare da Horar da sana'a. Daga 1963 zuwa 1977, furofesoshi da malamai daga Kwalejin Royal College of Arts, Makarantar Fasaha da Zane ta Tsakiya da Makarantar Fasahar Slade a Ƙasar Ingila sun yi aiki a matsayin membobin kwamitocin kimantawa da Masu jarrabawa na waje.<ref name=":0"/> Har zuwa shekarun 1970s, tsarin karatun ya kunshi azuzuwan da ke cikin dabarun yamma tare da ɗan sha'awa ga al'adun 'yan asalin ƙasar: Ba a koyar da tsoffin al'adun zane-zane a Sudan ko [[Fasahar Afirka|Afirka]] ko fasahar Islama ba. === Bayan samun 'yancin kai === [[Fayil:Khartoum_Polytechnic_Complex,_College_of_Fine_and_Applied_Art_Sudan_1978_Designed_by_Abdel-Moneim_Mustafa_Ayoub_and_Omer_Salim_-_Site_Landscape_Proposals.jpg|thumb|Kwalejin Fine and Applied Art Khartoum, wanda Abdel-Moneim Mustafa Ayoub da Omer Salim suka tsara 1978]] Bayan samun 'yancin kai a kasar a shekarar 1956, masu zane-zane na farko na Sudan da aka horar a makarantar sun ci gaba da karatunsu a Ingila, tare da wasu daga cikinsu daga baya suka zama malamai a kwalejin.<ref>Daum and Diab, 2009, pp. 460-462</ref> Bayan da aka bude Makarantar Zane a 1945 kuma har zuwa shekarun 1970, ƙarni na farko na masu zane-zane sun fito, waɗanda suka haɗa da al'adun fasaha na Afirka da na Islama da kuma wahayi daga ƙungiyoyin fasaha na zamani na yamma, suna ƙoƙarin samun asalin kansu na Sudan. A cikin shekarun 1960s, mai rubutun kalmomi Osman Waqialla ya fara wani motsi na fasaha daga baya aka sani da Makarantar Khartoum na fasahar zamani, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Khartoum School: The First Sudanese School in Modern Arts - Sudan Memory |url=https://www.sudanmemory.org/cms/124/ |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=www.sudanmemory.org}}</ref> tare da Ibrahim El-Salahi, [[Ahmed Shibrain]] da Kamala Ibrahim Ishaq sun zama sanannun masu fasahar Sudan a duniya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Elbagir |first=Yousra |date=2016-02-18 |title=Art against the odds: new book showcases Sudan's isolated creatives |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/18/art-against-the-odds-new-book-showcases-sudans-isolated-creatives |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Khartoum School: The First Sudanese School in Modern Arts - Sudan Memory |url=https://www.sudanmemory.org/cms/124/ |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=www.sudanmemory.org}}</ref> Daga cikin wasu sanannun masu zane-zane na Sudan da suka yi karatu ko koyarwa a kwalejin sune Hassan Musa, Muhammad Omer Khalil, Musa Khalifa, Mo Abarro da Rashid Diab . <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Museum of African Art |title=Visionary Artists / The Khartoum School |url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/visionary-viewpoints-on-africas-arts/the-khartoum-school/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=africa.si.edu }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 1978, gine-ginen Sudan Abdel Moneim Mustafa Ayoub da Omer Salim ne suka tsara wani tsari na zamani don kwalejin. An gina shi ne don kimanin dalibai 600, tare da sarari don koyarwa, azuzuwan aiki, gudanarwa, zamantakewa da wuraren zama, tare da kewaye da wuraren budewa don nune-nunen da amfani da nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACA Archives - Khartoum Polytechnic Complex, College of Fine and Applied Art |url=https://arab-architecture.org/db/building/khartoum-polytechnic-complex-college-of-fine-arts-and-applied-art |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=arab-architecture.org}}</ref> Bayan gwamnatocin soja a karkashin Omar al-Bashir da kuma tsarin Islama, masu zane-zane da wuraren fasaha sun sha wahala daga tsawon shekaru 30 na matsalolin siyasa da tattalin arziki masu wahala. Daga cikin wasu dalilai, masu zane-zane da yawa da suka bar kasar, takunkumin da Amurka ta sanya, da kuma rufe ofisoshin jakadancin yamma da yawa a cikin shekarun 1990. Kasafin kudin kwaleji da yanayin nada malamai da horar da dalibai sun sha wahala sosai a wannan lokacin, tare da ka'idojin cancantar malamai le don shigar da sabbin dalibai. Kodayake kwalejin ya ci gaba da wanzuwa, yawancin matasa masu zane-zane na Sudan sun bunkasa fasahar su a cikin wani yanayi mai iyakacin zamantakewa kuma an kusan yanke su daga kirkire-kirkire na fasaha a sauran duniya. === Karni na 21 === A cikin karni na 21, kwalejin har yanzu tana fama da kasafin kuɗi mara kyau da ƙarancin kayan koyarwa da ma'aikata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Halawa |first=Ahmed |date=2021-11-02 |title=A Prestigious Fine Arts College in Sudan Gets Help from Its Alumni |url=https://al-fanarmedia.org/2021/11/fine-arts-college/ |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=Al-Fanar Media |language=en-US}}</ref> Da yake amsawa ga ci gaban zamani da bukatun al'umma, yana ƙoƙari ya saka koyarwarsa game da fasahar zamani da fasahar ƙira a cikin shirye-shiryen Ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Wannan ya haɗa da horo na fasaha don yin rubuce-rubuce da kuma nuna batutuwan zamantakewa kamar lafiyar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudan University of Science and Technology |date=16 March 2021 |title=Prof. Saghiroun, Minister of HESR, addresses a workshop on visual documentation of diseases at SUST |url=https://www.sustech.edu/2021/03/2433/ |access-date=3 May 2021 |website=www.sustech.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> Har ila yau, yana ganin kansa a matsayin cibiyar albarkatun yanki don zane-zane na [[Afro-Arabs|Afirka da Larabawa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Fine and Applied Art - Strategic view |url=https://art.sustech.edu/about/strategic-view/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=Sudan University of Science and Technology}}</ref> Darussan digiri daban-daban suna ba da ƙwarewa a cikin zane, zane-zane, zane-zanen rubutu, zane, yumbu, yadi, ciki da zane-zane da kuma a cikin bugawa da ɗaure littafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Fine And Applied Art |url=https://art.sustech.edu/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=College of Fine and Applied Art |language=en-US}}</ref> Kamar yadda masanin kimiyya na Sudan Ahmad Sikainga ya rubuta a cikin 2012, ƙungiyoyin fasaha na zamani a Sudan da asalin zamantakewarsu ba su jawo hankalin bincike mai yawa daga Masana tarihi na fasaha ba.<ref>The Sudanese academic Ahmad Sikainga, who teaches at Ohio State University in the US, began his article ''"A short history of Sudanese popular music''" with these words: "In the literature on the rise of modern Sudan, there is a dominance of political analysis and a comparative absence of social and cultural history. Topics such as popular culture, music, dance and clothing have received scant attention from historians. These subjects have mostly been left to anthropologist and others whose research has been in rural areas. Yet such activities are central to the emergence of a common popular culture in the urban centres of the country. This is a culture that springs from the lives of marginal groups, of manual workers, peasants, slaves and women, and from the merging of a great diversity of indigenous and external influences. {{Citation|journal=Justin|url-status=Baldo|access-date=Madut Jok}}</ref> A lokacin [[Juyin juya halin Sudan|Juyin Juya Halin Sudan]] na 2018/19, duk da haka, an ba da rahoton rawar da masu fasaha ke takawa akai-akai a kafofin watsa labarai na duniya. Kafin, a lokacin da kuma bayan juyin juya halin, masu zane-zane sun bayyana ra'ayoyinsu game da al'umma da siyasa, yayin da tsohon gwamnatin Omar al Bashir ta iyakance wannan magana sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Elhassan |first=Sara |date=21 February 2019 |title=How Sudanese art is fueling the revolution |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/young-sudanese-art-is-fueling-the-protest-revolution/ |access-date=2 May 2021 |website=OkayAfrica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Xuereb Seidu |first=Christine |date=December 2020 |title=Africa Sudanese art standing up to military |url=https://issuu.com/artpaper/docs/artpaper_issue_12_lr_issuu/s/11167008 |access-date=2 May 2021 |website=issuu}}</ref> A matsayin nuna sa hannunsu a cikin zanga-zangar da ke gudana a kan gwamnatin soja tun daga 2019, ɗaliban kwalejin sun nuna wani abin tunawa da ke wakiltar taken Freedom, Peace and Justice . <ref>"Sudan: Fine Arts College Reveals Memorial of the December Revolution." ''allAfrica.com'', 15 Nov. 2020, p. NA. ''Gale Academic OneFile'', link.gale.com/apps/doc/A641934029/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=46711c58. Accessed 29 Dec. 2022</ref> A watan Satumbar 2021, Cibiyar Bayani ta kwalejin ta kammala horo don takardun gani tare da hadin gwiwar shirin Sudan Memory da Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya. A lokacin bikin rufewa, Farfesa Omer Mohamed Elhassan Darma ya ba da yabo ga mayakan da shahidai na juyin juya halin Disamba kuma ya ce, "ɗaliban Kwalejin Fine da Applied Art sun taka muhimmiyar rawa ta hanyar murals da zane-zanen bango waɗanda suka nuna labarun da cikakkun bayanai game da gwagwarmayar masu juyin juya hali". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudan University of Science and Technology |date=2021-09-11 |title=College of Fine and Applied Arts: A Wonderful Closing to the Visual Documentation Course |url=https://www.sustech.edu/2021/09/4513/ |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=www.sustech.edu/ |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == == Ƙarin karantawa == * Daum, Werner da Rashid Diab (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=a4q3AwAAQBAJ&dq=Kenana+Handbook+Of+Sudan+werner+daum&pg=PA453 Fasahar zamani a Sudan] A cikin Hopkins, Peter G. (ed.) Kenana Handbook of Sudan . New York: Routledge, shafi na 453-516 &nbsp;  * Haggar, Lina da Tarneem Saeed . ''Masu zane-zane na zamani na Sudan: zane-zane a lokutan wahala'' / wanda Victor Röhm ya shirya; mai daukar hoto Issam Hafiez. Khartoum, Sudan: Dabanga Art & Crafts, 2015. 141 pp. tare da launi hoto.   [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961267194 961267194] * Muhammad, Baqie Badawi, "Art: Visual Arts and Artists: Sudan", a cikin: Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures, Janar Edita Suad Joseph. * Sharkey, Heather J. (2003) Rayuwa tare da mulkin mallaka: Ƙasa da Al'adu a cikin Sudan na Anglo-Masar . Berkeley da Los Angeles, Jami'ar California Press.   [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0520929365|0520929365]]<span>,</span>[[Special:BookSources/9780520929364|9780520929364]] == Haɗin waje == * Yadda Fasaha ta Taimaka Binciken Rahoton juyin juya halin Sudan game da masu zane-zane na Sudan a matsayin wani ɓangare na juyin juya hali na Sudan [[Rukuni:Jami'o'i a Sudan]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] anu29y0kgtdbvromzlgun21zzs1k93e 0 79063 828003 494933 2026-04-30T15:41:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:ALACampus.jpg|thumb|'''Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka ALA''']] '''Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka''' ( '''ALA''' ) cibiyar ilimi ce da ke Roodepoort a wajen [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], ga ɗalibai masu shekaru tsakanin 16 zuwa 19, tare da tsofaffin ɗalibai na yanzu sun fito daga ƙasashe 46. An kafa shi a cikin 2004 ta Fred Swaniker, Chris Bradford, Peter Mombaur, da [[:fr:Acha Leke|Acha Leke]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-02 |title=Homepage |url=https://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=African Leadership Academy |language=en-US}} </ref> ALA ta buɗe a hukumance a cikin Satumba 2008 tare da aji na farko na ɗalibai 97. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=africanleadershipacademy |url=http://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/site/about/mission_and_values/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=African Leadership Academy |language=en-US}}</ref> ALA na neman kawo sauyi a Afirka ta hanyar ganowa, haɓakawa, da haɗa manyan shugabannin Afirka na gaba. Don cimma wannan buri, ALA tana koyar da manhajar karatu na shekaru biyu a cikin Nazarin Afirka, Rubutu da Magana da Jagorancin Kasuwanci, da kuma mahimman darussan ilimi na yau da kullun. == Tarihi == Around 2004, wadanda suka kafa ALA, sun kaddamar da Global Leadership Adventures, shirin rani wanda zai zama farkon ALA. A cikin 2006, Echoing Green ya gane Swaniker da Bradford, wanda ya bayyana su a matsayin ''biyu daga cikin 15 mafi kyawun 'yan kasuwa na zamantakewar zamantakewa a duniya'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marketing |first=ALA- |date=2006-06-14 |title=ALA Co-Founders Chris Bradford and Fred Swaniker Named 2006 Echoing Green Fellows |url=https://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/2006/06/14/ala-co-founders-chris-bradford-and-fred-swaniker-named-2006-echoing-green-fellows/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=African Leadership Academy |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2007 an tabbatar da farkon harabar makarantar, kuma an sanar da Christopher Khaemba a matsayin shugaban makarantar na farko. Shugaban Kwalejin Shugabancin Afirka na yanzu Derek Smith. == Jami'ar ALA == Makarantar tana cikin garin Honeyde, a wajen [[Johannesburg|birnin Johannesburg]] . Dalibai suna raba ɗakin kwana, kuma akwai kayan aiki na zamani waɗanda suka haɗa da filin wasanni, ɗakin taro 450, ɗakunan karatu da ɗakin cin abinci. A shekarar 2016, ALA ta gyara dakunan kwananta, wanda hakan ya baiwa makarantar damar kara yawan dalibai a kowane aji da kashi 30%. == Tsarin shiga == [[Fayil:ALACampus.jpg|thumb|274x274px| ALA Campus]] Kwalejin jagoranci na Afirka tana karɓar aikace-aikace dubu da yawa a lokacin zagaye na farko, inda aka zaɓi kusan 400 don halartar taron ƙarshe da aka gudanar a faɗin nahiyar. Wadanda suka kammala gasar sai su rubuta jarrabawar shiga jami'a, su shiga ayyukan kungiya kuma ana yi musu tambayoyi. Ana zaɓar ɗalibai 120 kowace shekara don halartar Kwalejin. Matsayin shiga yawanci ana kammala shi a tsakiyar Afrilu. === Sharuɗɗan zaɓi === Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka tana amfani da sharuɗɗa huɗu don shiga: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Apply |url=https://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/apply/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=African Leadership Academy |language=en-US}}</ref> * Shirye-shiryen Hankali * Jajircewa & Juriya * Mallaka * Dogara == Tsarin karatu == === Shirin Gabatarwar Shekara Biyu === Jigon ilimi ya haɗu da shirin share fage na shekaru biyu bisa ga matakan Cambridge A da [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKYpXTNtMg4VX9zx2DJnYCbx81rgkpzJB&si=AjruOlHnNg-Eilrj ALA na musamman na tsarin koyarwa] a cikin Jagorancin Kasuwanci, Nazarin Afirka da Rubutu da Magana. === Jagorancin Kasuwanci da Nazarin Afirka === Tsarin jagoranci na farko na ALA ginshiƙi ne na ƙwarewar ɗalibi wanda ke haifar da damar yin jagoranci da ƙwarewar kasuwanci ta hanyar kwaikwayi da koyo na tushen aiki. Ana ƙarfafa ɗalibai suyi aiki akan ginin ƙungiya da tunani na asali. A cikin tsarin karatun karatu na Afirka, ɗalibai suna nazarin kawar da [[yunwa]], samar da kiwon lafiya, haɓakar tattalin arziki, da magance rikice-rikice . == Tsangayu == === Shugaban Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka === Inaugural Dean Christopher Situma Khaemba ya taba zama Shugaban Makarantar Sakandare na Alliance da ke wajen [[Nairobi]], Kenya. Khaemba ya sami MBA daga Jami'ar Kenyatta da ke Nairobi. Dean na Kwalejin na yanzu shine [https://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/ala_board/derek-smith/ Derek Smith] . === Mambobin malamai === Membobin malamai suna tafiya ta hanyar da ta ƙunshi tambayoyi da yawa, bincikar ilimin ilimi, da tabbatar da nassoshi na sirri da na ƙwararru. Bayan zagayen farko na hirarrakin, malamin da ke son ya gudanar da darasi na izgili a gaban dalibai da malamai biyu. Bayan haka sai kuma zagaye na karshe na hirarrakin. Dukkan malaman jami'o'i sun kammala karatun digiri kuma sun taba koyarwa a manyan cibiyoyi. == Rayuwar dalibi == === Wasanni === Ana ƙarfafa ɗalibai su shiga cikin aikin motsa jiki. Wasannin gasa na yanzu sun haɗa da ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙwallon kwando, da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. === Ƙungiyoyin ɗalibai da ƙungiyoyi === Dalibai suna shiga ƙungiyoyi daban-daban, kuma ana sa ran kowane ɗalibi zai ƙirƙira ko gudanar da ko dai "Student Enterprise," "Asali ra'ayi don Ci gaba," ko "Ayyukan Sabis na Al'umma". ==== Shirye-shiryen Kasuwancin Student (SEPs) ==== Kasuwancin da ɗalibai ke gudanar da ayyukansu kawai a harabar, kuma sun haɗa da: * ''Gidaje masu araha don Afirka'' - Wannan kasuwancin yana da nufin yin bincike da haɓaka samfura don gidaje masu araha ga iyalai masu matsakaicin matsakaici. * ''Agrinovation'' - Wannan gonar al'umma ce ta kwayoyin halitta wacce ke siyar da kayan amfanin ga al'ummar ALA kuma tana kara tallafawa tsarin halittu ta hanyar bin sabbin abubuwa game da sake yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta a harabar. * ''Rarraba'' - Wannan kamfani zai yi aiki a kan ƙirƙirar dandalin haɗin yanar gizo don masu fasahar Afirka da masu ruwa da tsaki. * ''BEAM'' - Wannan kamfani za a ƙaddamar da shi don bincike da haɓaka ƙarfin baturi na eco. * ''Greenlink'' - Wannan sana'ar za ta mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar sababbin abubuwa, ayyuka, yakin, da/ko kulake a ALA. * ''Alamar sawun ƙafa'' - ciniki - T-shirts, kofi kofi, da sauransu. * ''Duka Bora'' - Wannan kamfani yana gudanar da shagon ALA don riba wanda ke neman samar da kayayyaki masu inganci kamar kayan ciye-ciye, abin sha, da lokacin iska ga al'ummar ALA akan farashi mai rahusa. * ''EmoART'' - Wannan sana'ar tana aiki tare da 'yan matan Afirka ta Kudu masu shekaru 15-17 kuma suna koya musu ƙwarewa kamar hankali na tunani da sarrafa lokaci don su iya yanke shawara mai kyau. * ''EdTech'' - Wannan cibiya ce ga ɗaliban fasahar mu waɗanda ke son gano wannan sabon sarari mai ban sha'awa a cikin ilimin ƙarni na 21st. EdTech yana aiki tare da sauran kamfanoni na ɗalibai da sassan ALA don haɓaka aikace-aikace da kawo ilimi ga fasahohin da ake dasu. * ''ALAiansMedia'' - Kamfanin babban dandamali ne na kafofin watsa labarai don rubutu, bidiyo, da daukar hoto wanda ke nuna gogewa, tunani, da baiwar ɗaliban ALA ga sauran ƙasashen duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ALAian Life |url=http://alaianlife.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427132724/http://alaianlife.org/ |archive-date=27 April 2015 |access-date=12 April 2015}}</ref> * ''Bezosscholars'' - Wannan kasuwancin yana iyakance ga ɗaliban da aka zaɓa don shirin Bezos Scholars a Aspen. Suna gudanar da bikin Ideas na Afirka ta Kudu na shekara-shekara (SAIF). Manufarta ita ce ƙirƙirar wurare inda matasan Afirka ta Kudu za su iya haifar da tasiri, sabbin abubuwa, da ra'ayoyi masu dorewa waɗanda za su canza makarantunmu da al'ummominmu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bezos Family Foundation &#124; Programs |url=http://www.bezosfamilyfoundation.org/scholars |access-date=2024-06-07 |archive-date=2018-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209181925/http://www.bezosfamilyfoundation.org/scholars |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''SAFCorp'' - Wannan kamfani yana ba da sabis na shawarwari ga tattalin arzikin ALA SEP. Sabis ɗin sun haɗa da tantancewa da tallafin karatu na kuɗi don tabbatar da haƙƙin mallaka. A cikin 2015-2016, SAFCorp za ta gudanar da ayyuka na yau da kullun kamar bayar da bayanan banki da yin rijistar kamfanoni masu izini akan Tsarin Cashless. ==== Asalin Ra'ayoyin don Ci gaba ==== Asalin ra'ayoyin don ci gaba (OIDs), ayyuka ne waɗanda ke da fa'ida kuma suna gudana fiye da lokacin ɗalibai a ALA. OIDs na yanzu sun haɗa da: * ''GSIE'' - Dabarun Duniya akan Ilimi Mai Haɗi - taimaka wa yara masu nakasa samun damar samun ilimi * ''HACA'' - yakin wayar da kan jama'a * ''Baobab'' - ɗaukar tarihin baka akan layi don adanawa da sauƙaƙe fahimtar al'adu * ''Greendorm'' - zaman lafiyar muhalli a harabar (na ciki) * ''Almas'' (tsohon Nique) - ta yin amfani da kayan shafa mai kyau don tallafawa ƙirƙira da rarraba maganin cutar malaria * ''MathmaHelp'' – samar da DVD na lissafi na ilimi * ''Oyama'' – Dandali na samar da jama'a ga matasa 'yan kasuwa na Afirka * ''Baccalaureate na Afirka'' – Tsarin tsarin karatun Afirka na kansa * ''Cyca'' - Dandalin sadarwar zamantakewa don rage ra'ayi na yaudara game da nahiyar Afirka * ''Rediyo Skika'' - Gidan rediyon da aka tsara don haifar da binciken tunani tsakanin matasan Afirka ta hanyar binciko wasu batutuwan da suka fi damun nahiyar. * ''A4Ge Duk Don Ƙarfafa 'Yan Mata'' - Aikin sabis na al'umma wanda ke neman samar da 'yan mata matasa masu fasaha na karni na 21 don ba su damar haɓaka zuwa matasa, mata masu tasowa. ==== tafiye-tafiyen da ake kulawa ==== Dalibai suna bincika al'ummar gida, Afirka, da duniya, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BusinessLIVE |url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=BusinessLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> ta hanyar shiga cikin shirin balaguro. Masu sha'awar waje suna shiga tafiye-tafiyen tafiye-tafiye na karshen mako a cikin tsaunukan Drakensberg da kuma tafiye-tafiye masu tsayi a lokacin lokutan hutu, yayin da masana kimiyya na iya neman halartar taron Cibiyar Ci gaban Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Amurka a Amurka. === Shirin Masanan Duniya === Shirin Masanan Duniya na mako uku ne, shirin jagoranci na rani na duniya don matasa masu shekaru 13-19. Dalibai daga wasu ƙasashe na duniya suna samun damar zuwa ALA kuma suna ƙarin koyo game da nahiyar da kuma ƙwarewar da suka shafi jagoranci da kasuwanci. === Ƙarshen Ƙarfafawa === Kwarewar karatun ƙasashen waje don ɗaliban sakandare daga ko'ina cikin duniya don haɓaka azaman masu haɓaka zamantakewa. Dalibai za su iya zaɓar ɗaukar matakin uku ko cikakken shekara a ALA inda za su iya ɗaukar mahimman batutuwa kuma su shiga ayyukan da suka dace a harabar. === Model Tarayyar Afirka === MAU taro ne na kwanaki hudu inda mahalarta daga makarantun sakandare na duniya suke muhawara tare da tattauna wasu batutuwa masu sarkakiya a nahiyar. Mahalarta taron kuma sun halarci gabatar da jawabai daga jami'an Tarayyar Afirka da masana harkokin ketare. === Anzisha Prize === Kyautar Anzisha tana neman baiwa matasa ƴan kasuwa waɗanda suka haɓaka da aiwatar da hanyoyin magance ƙalubalen zamantakewa ko fara kasuwanci a cikin al'ummominsu. 'Yan wasan karshe 15 daga ko'ina cikin Afirka sun sami matsayi a cikin haɗin gwiwa na rayuwa don taimakawa haɓaka hanyarsu ta samun nasarar kasuwanci. Sun ci nasara a balaguron tafiya zuwa Afirka ta Kudu don zama wani ɓangare na taron bita da taro na kwanaki goma a harabar Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka. Manyan wadanda suka lashe kyaututtukan, wadanda aka zaba daga cikin wadanda suka zo karshe, za su raba kyaututtukan da ya kai dalar Amurka 100,000. Haɗin gwiwar yana ci gaba bayan haka, yana ba wa masu nasara sabis tuntuɓar kasuwanci da hanyar sadarwar tallafi. === Cibiyar Sadarwar Ma'aikata ta Afirka === Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Afirka (ACN) wani dandali ne wanda ke haɗa ƙwararrun matasan Afirka daga ALA da MasterCard Foundation Scholars Program zuwa babban tasiri horo da damar aiki a fadin nahiyar Afirka. == Majalisar Shawara ta Duniya == Kazalika kwamitin amintattu, majalisar ba da shawara ta duniya ta Academy ta ƙunshi jiga-jigan Afirka da na duniya a fannin kasuwanci, bunƙasa jagoranci, ilimin sakandare, da harkokin kasuwanci na zamantakewa. Majalisar Ba da Shawarwari ta Duniya tana ba da dabaru da jagora ga ƙungiyar gudanarwar ALA. == Gidauniyar Shugabancin Afirka == Gidauniyar Jagorancin Afirka wata gidauniya ce ta Amurka 501(c) (3) wacce ba ta riba ba ce wacce ke tallafawa Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka da na gaba na shugabannin Afirka. == Magana == {{Reflist}} == Ƙarin tushe == * [http://www.africanleadershipacademy.org Yanar Gizo na Kwalejin Jagorancin Afirka] * [http://www.cie.org.uk/news/features/detail?feature_id=27747 Jami'ar Cambridge International Examinations] * [http://mediaclubsouthafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=697:african-leadership-academt-250808&catid=44:developmentnews&Itemid=111 Kundin Watsa Labarai na Afirka ta Kudu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222916/http://mediaclubsouthafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=697:african-leadership-academt-250808&catid=44:developmentnews&Itemid=111 |date=2016-03-03 }} Archived </link> * [http://www.echoinggreen.org/blog/african-leadership-academy-launches Echoing Green] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100616011023/http://www.diamondempowerment.org/african-leadership-academy Asusun Karfafawa Diamond] * [http://www.mvgazette.com/article.php?21947 MV Gazette] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100401013824/http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2007/prod_092607b.html Cisco] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724150334/https://alumni.mckinsey.com/alumni/default/public/content/jsp/alumni_news/20090529_ALA.jsp McKinsey] * [https://archive.today/20130222063342/http://www.global-changemakers.net/blog/article/caps-friday-19-2-10 Masu Canjin Duniya] * [http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/wed-october-7-2009/william-kamkwamba The Daily Show] * [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-fifer/malawis-william-kamkwamba_b_492687.html Huffington Post] * [http://www.stevespangler.com/teaching-moments/uv-beads-used-in-south-africa-to-teach-dangers-of-sun-exposure/#respond Steve Spengler ne adam wata] * [http://www.steveboehlke.com/blog/2011/08/leadership-connections-and-relationships/ Indaba Shugabancin Afrika na farko] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 1v10q8jfnys2uel5ghcbe0c3emeqmg7 0 80422 828142 781503 2026-04-30T20:09:09Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laila Shawa''' (4 ga Afrilu 1940-24 ga Oktoba 2022), ta kasance mai zane-zane na Palasdinawa wanda aka bayyana aikinta a matsayin tunani na sirri game da siyasar ƙasar ta,musamman nuna rashin adalci da tsanantawa.Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu zane-zane na juyin juya halin zamani na Larabawa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Elazzaoui |first=Hafsa |date=9 July 2017 |title=Laila Shawa: Mother of Arabic Revolution Art |url=http://mvslim.com/laila-shawa-mother-arabic-revolution-art/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427182044/http://mvslim.com/laila-shawa-mother-arabic-revolution-art/ |archive-date=27 April 2018 |access-date=17 March 2018 |website=MVSLIM}}</ref> A matsayinta na Falasdinawa da ke zaune a [[Zirin Gaza|Yankin Gaza]] a lokacin da take girma kuma 'yar Rashad al-Shawa,mai fafutuka da kuma magajin garin Gaza,an gabatar da tunanin juyin juya halin Shawa tun tana ƙarama.Sau da yawa zane-zanenta,wanda ya haɗa da zane-zane,siffofi,da shigarwa,suna aiki tare da hotuna waɗanda suka zama tushen bugawa na silkscreen.An nuna aikinta a duniya kuma ana nuna shi a cikin jama'a da yawa (misali Gidan Tarihin Burtaniya)da kuma tarin masu zaman kansu.<ref>Contemporary Art in The Middle East, ArtWorld, Black Dog Publishing, London, UK, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/artists/shawa/index.shtml The October Gallery: Laila Shawa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200912212028/http://www.octobergallery.co.uk/artists/shawa/index.shtml |date=2020-09-12 }}. October Gallery. ''Accessed Nov 2010''</ref><ref>Laila Shawa, Works 1965- 1994 AI-Hani Books, 1994</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Laila Shawa a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1940 a Gaza,Mandatory Palestine, shekaru takwas kafin 1948 Nakba da kafa [[Isra'ila|Jihar Isra'ila]] .Shawa tana da ilimi sosai; ta halarci makarantar kwana a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Leonardo da Vinci a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] daga 1957 zuwa 1958,sannan ta tafi Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma a Roma daga 1958 zuwa 1964,yayin da take karatu a lokacin bazara a Makarantar Seeing a [[Salzburg|Salzburg,Austria]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Laila Shawa, Gaza: Palestine |url=http://www.therecessionists.co.uk/middle-eastern/laila-shawa |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=The Recessionists}}</ref> A shekara ta 1965,bayan kammala karatunta,Shawa ta koma Gaza kuma ta jagoranci darussan zane-zane da sana'o'i a sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da yawa. Daga nan sai ta ci gaba da koyar da darasi na fasaha na shekara guda tare da shirin ilimi na UNESCO.<ref name=":0"/>Daga nan sai ta koma [[Beirut]],Lebanon a shekarar 1967 na tsawon shekaru tara kuma ta kasance mai zane-zane na cikakken lokaci.Bayan Yaƙin basasar Lebanon ya fara,ta koma Gaza kuma tare da taimakon mahaifinta da mijinta,Shawa ta kafa Cibiyar Al'adu ta Rashad Shawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=LeMoon |first=Kim |title=Laila Shawa |url=http://signsjournal.org/laila-shawa/ |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=Signs Journal}}</ref>Abin takaici,a halin yanzu ba a amfani da cibiyar don abin da aka nufa,a matsayin haɗin al'adu zuwa Gaza ta hanyar nune-nunen da galas. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1940]] iqnf9zb874rcb6c6bou6t4rdrtg5rl8 0 80445 828164 468600 2026-04-30T21:20:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Laura_Boushnak.jpeg |thumb| Laura Boushnak]] '''Laura Boushnak''' (Arabic; an haife ta a shekara ta 1976) 'yar asalin ƙasar Kuwait ce mai daukar hoto ta Palasdinawa wacce aikinta ke mai da hankali kan mata,karatu da rubutu,da sake fasalin ilimi a Duniyar Larabawa.Don aikinta na ci gaba "Ina karanta na Rubuta" ta ɗauki hotunan 'yan mata da mata suna canza rayuwarsu tare da ilimi a Masar, [[Yemen]], [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]],[[Jodan|Jordan]] da [[Tunisiya]]. == Rayuwa ta farko == [[File:Laura_Ted_Talk_2014.jpg |left |thumb| Laura Boushnak]] An haifi Boushnak a Kuwait a shekara ta 1976 ga iyayen 'yan gudun hijirar Palasdinawa na ƙarni na uku.Ta halarci makarantar jama'a a can har sai an ba wa yara Palasdinawa damar halartar makarantun jama'a don ramawa ga goyon bayan Ƙungiyar 'Yanci ta Falasdinu (PLO) ga mamayar Iraqi ta 1991 a Kuwait.Daga nan sai ta koma Makarantar Fajer al-Sabah,makarantar Katolika mai zaman kanta.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MacDonald |first=Kerri |date=2013-09-10 |title=Empowering Arab Women Through Literacy |url=http://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/10/empowering-arab-women-through-literacy/ |access-date=2016-07-13 |website=Lens |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosen |first=Steven J. |date=Fall 2012 |title=Kuwait Expels Thousands of Palestinians |url=http://www.meforum.org/3391/kuwait-expels-palestinians |journal=Middle East Quarterly |publisher=Middle East Forum |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=75–83}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Laura Boushnak (Biographical details) |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/term_details.aspx?bioId=188391 |website=British Museum}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan kammala karatun BA a fannin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Lebanon da ke [[Beirut]] a shekarar 1997,Boushnak ta fara aikin daukar hoto ta rufe labarai ga kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press a Lebanon.Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin editan hoto da mai daukar hoto ga kamfanin dillancin labarai na Faransa Agence France-Presse (AFP) <ref>{{Cite web |title=WOMEN Iraqis sit with their backs to each other at a wedding party in Baghdad 16 October 2003 Pictures |url=http://www.gettyimages.com/pictures/iraqis-sit-with-their-backs-to-each-other-at-a-wedding-news-photo-2617125#iraqis-sit-with-their-backs-to-each-other-at-a-wedding-party-in-16-picture-id2617125 |access-date=2016-07-22 |website=Getty Images }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a cibiyar Gabas ta Tsakiya a [[Cyprus]] da hedkwatarta a [[Faris|Paris]].Shekaru tara da ta samu a waya sun hada da rufe labarai masu wahala a rikice-rikice kamar yakin Iraki da yakin Isra'ila da Hezbollah na 2006.Jaridu da mujallu da yawa na ''Duniya'' sun buga hotunan ta, kamar su: The New York Times,''[[The Guardian]]'',The Washington Post, da Le Monde. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] r34387aim0l52yx7f76yp24fua77swx 0 81068 828339 468522 2026-05-01T11:01:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gyara mukala}} [[File:EarthSimulator.jpg |thumb| Earth Simulator]] The Earth Simulator ( jerin manyan kwamfutoci ne da aka tura a Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology Yokohama Institute of Earth Sciences . == Earth Simulator (tsara ta farko) ==   Tsararren farko na Earth Simulator, wanda gwamnatin Japan ta kirkira ta hanyar shirin "Earth Simulator Project", tsarin kwamfuta ne mai kama da juna don gudanar da samfuran yanayi na duniya don kimanta Tasirin dumamar duniya da matsaloli a cikin ilimin ƙasa mai ƙarfi. An haɓaka tsarin ne don Hukumar Binciken Aerospace ta Japan, Cibiyar Binciken Makamashi ta Japan, da Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Japan (JAMSTEC) a cikin shekara ta 1997. Ginin yafara ne a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1999, kuma an buɗe shafin a hukumance a ranar 11 ga Maris 2002. Aikin ya kai yen biliyan 60. Ginin NEC, ES ya dogara ne akan tsarin su na SX-6. Ya kunshi nodes 640 tare da masu sarrafawa takwas da gigabytes 16 na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kwamfuta a kowane node, don jimlar masu sarrafawa 5120 da 10 terabytes na ƙwaƙwalwa. An shigar da nodes biyu a kowace mita 1 × mita 1.4 × mita 2 cabinet. Kowace majalisa ta cinye 20 kW na wutar lantarki. &nbsp;Tsarin yana da 700 terabytes na ajiyar faifai (450 don tsarin da 250 ga masu amfani) da 1.6 petabytes na ajiyar taro a cikin tafiyar tef. Ya sami damar gudanar da kwaikwayon yanayi na duniya a cikin yanayi da teku har zuwa ƙuduri na kilomita 10. &nbsp;Ayyukanta a kan ma'auni na LINPACK shine 35.86 TFLOPS, wanda ya kusan sau biyar da sauri fiye da kwamfuta mafi sauri na baya, ASCI White. ES itace kwamfuta mafi sauri a duniya daga 2002 zuwa 2004. IBM ta Blue Gene/L / L prototype ta wuce ƙarfinta a ranar 29 ga Satumba 2004. {| style="margin: 0 auto;" |[[Fayil:Earth_Simulator_PB111941.jpg|thumb|Rashin haɗin kai na Simulator na Duniya]] |[[Fayil:Earth_Simulator_PB111943.jpg|thumb|Rashin sarrafawa na Simulator na Duniya]] |[[Fayil:Earth_Simulator_PB111965.jpg|thumb|Tsarin sarrafa lissafi na Earth Simulator]] |} == Earth Simulator (tsara ta biyu) ==   An maye gurbin ES da Earth Simulator 2 (ES2) a watan Maris na shekara ta 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 March 2009 |title=Japan's Earth Simulator 2 open for business |url=http://insidehpc.com/2009/03/01/japans-earth-simulator-2-open-for-business/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516133048/http://insidehpc.com/2009/03/01/japans-earth-simulator-2-open-for-business/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ES2 tsarin NEC SX-9 / E ne, kuma yana da kwata kamar yadda nodes da yawa kowannensu na 12.8 sau da yawa na aikin (3.2 × saurin agogo, sau hudu na kayan aiki a kowane node), don babban aikin 131 TFLOPS. Tare da aikin LINPACK na 122.4 TFLOPS, ES2 itace mafi inganci a duniya a wannan lokacin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2009 |title=Earth Simulator update breaks efficiency record |url=http://insidehpc.com/2009/06/05/earth-simulator-update-breaks-efficiency-record/ }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2010, NEC ta bada sanarwar cewa ES2 ta hau kan Global FFT, ɗaya daga cikin matakan HPC Challenge Awards, tare da lambar aikin 11.876 TFLOPS.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title="Earth Simulator" Wins First Place in the HPC Challenge Awards |url=http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/1011/1702.html}}</ref>{{Clear}} == Earth Simulator (tsara ta uku) ==   ES2 an maye gurbin ta da Earth Simulator 3 (ES3) a watan Maris na shekara ta 2015. ES3 tsarin [[NEC SX-ACE]] ne tare da nodes 5120, kuma aikin 1.3 PFLOPS.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |last=CEIST |first=JAMSTEC |title=EARTH SIMULATOR |url=http://www.jamstec.go.jp/es/ |website=www.jamstec.go.jp}}</ref> ES2 an maye gurbin ta da Earth Simulator 3 (ES3) a watan Maris na shekara ta 2015. ES3 tsarin NEC SX-ACE ne tare da nodes 5120, kuma aikin 1.3 PFLOPS., daga 2017 zuwa 2018, ya gudana tare da Gyoukou, babban kwamfuta tare da sanyaya mai nutsewa wanda zai iya cimma har zuwa 19 PFLOPS. {| |[[Fayil:Earth_Simulator_3_PB111946.jpg|thumb|Simulator na Duniya 3]] |[[Fayil:Earth_Simulator_3_PB111950.jpg|thumb|Simulator na Duniya 3]] |} == Earth Simulator (tsara ta huɗu) ==   Earth Simulator 4 (ES4) yana amfani da AMD EPYC processors, tare da hanzari ta NEC SX-Aurora TSUBASA Vector Engine da NVIDIA Ampere A100 GPUs.<ref name="jamstec">{{Cite web |title=Earth Simulator: System Overview |url=https://www.jamstec.go.jp/es/en/system/system.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531212458/https://www.jamstec.go.jp/es/en/system/system.html |archive-date=31 May 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=[[Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Supercomputing a Japan * Tasirin canjin yanayi * NCAR * HadCM3 * EdGCM == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * {{Cite journal |last=Sato |first=Tetsuya |year=2004 |title=The Earth Simulator: Roles and Impacts |journal=Nuclear Physics B: Proceedings Supplements |volume=129 |pages=102–108 |bibcode=2004NuPhS.129..102S |doi=10.1016/S0920-5632(03)02511-8}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.jamstec.go.jp/es/en/}} * ES don yara An adana 3 ga Agusta 2022 a *   * {{Cite web |date=July 15, 2009 |title=Ultrastructure Simulations |url=http://www.ultrasim.info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722004708/http://www.ultrasim.info/ |archive-date=July 22, 2011 |publisher=[[Krell Institute]] |quote=The U.S. faces a major challenge in scientific computation, the foundation of scientific discovery in the 21st century}} {{S-start}} {{S-ach|rec}} {{S-bef}} {{S-ttl|title=[[TOP500|World's most powerful supercomputer]]}} {{S-aft}} {{S-end}}{{NEC supercomputers}}{{Authority control}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|35|22|51|N|139|37|34.8|E|region:JP-14_type:landmark_source:dewiki}} gdlvnhbpf06w37b1sq81wwyw9hl9hyt 0 81173 828296 669518 2026-05-01T08:10:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828296 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Air_Quality_Monitoring_Station.jpg|thumb|Na'urori masu sa ido kan ingancin iska a Port Pirie, Kudancin Australia]] '''Ma'aunin gurɓataccen iska''' shine tsari na tattarawa da auna abubuwan da ke cikin gurɓatawar iska, musamman iskar gas da ƙwayoyin cuta. Na'urorin farko da akayi amfani dasu don auna gurɓata sun haɗa da ma'aunin ruwan sama (a cikin nazarin ruwan sama na acid), sigogi na Ringelmann don auna [[Hayaƙi|hayaki]], da masu tara tururi da ƙura masu sauƙi da aka sani da ma'anonin ajiya. Auna gurɓataccen iska na zamani yana da sarrafa kansa kuma ana aiwatar dashi ta amfani da na'urori da dabarun daban-daban<ref>https://www.sbmchina.com/ha/media/articals/122.html</ref>. Wadannan sun fito ne daga bututun gwajin da aka sani da bututun watsawa har zuwa na'urori masu mahimmanci na [[Kimiyya|sinadarai]] da na jiki waɗanda ke bada kusan ma'aunin gurɓataccen lokaci, waɗanda ake amfani da su don samar da alamun ingancin iska. == Muhimmancin auna == [[Fayil:Adam_Laskowitz_demonstrates_smartphone_air_quality_app.jpg|thumb|Ana iya amfani da aikace-aikacen wayar salula, bisa ga ma'aunin gurɓataccen iska na ainihi, don neman hanyoyin da basu da gurɓata ta hanyar birni.]] Abubuwa da yawa ne ke haifar da gurɓata iska. A cikin birane, yana iya ƙunsar abubuwa dayawa, musamman abubuwa masu ƙarfi da ruwa (kamar su soot daga injuna da toka mai tashi dake tserewa daga incinerators), da iskar gas daban-daban (yawanci sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da carbon monoxide, duk suna da alaƙa da konewa man fetur). Wadannan nau'o'in gurɓataccen yanayi suna da tasiri daban-daban a kan lafiyar mutane, a kan duniyar halitta (ruwa, ƙasa, amfanin gona, bishiyoyi, da sauran ciyayi), da kuma a kan yanayin da aka gina. Auna gurɓataccen iska shine mataki na farko na gano abubuwan dake haifar dashi sannan ragewa ko daidaita su don kiyaye ingancin iska a cikin iyakokin doka (wanda masu tsarawa kamar Hukumar Kare Muhalli a Amurka suka ba da umarni) ko jagororin ba da shawara da hukumomi kamar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] (WHO) suka ba da shawarar. A cewar WHO, birane sama da 6000 a cikin ƙasashe 117 yanzu suna sa ido kan ingancin iska. == Nau'o'in aunawa == Ana auna gurɓataccen iska (a gaba ɗaya) ta hanyoyi biyu daban-daban, batare da la'akari ba ko kuma a hankali.<ref name="aqwales">{{Cite web |title=Monitoring Methodologies |url=https://airquality.gov.wales/about-air-quality/monitoring/monitoring-methodologies |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Air Quality Wales |publisher=Welsh Government}}</ref> === Ma'auni mai ma'ana === [[Fayil:AirQualityLondon1.jpg|thumb|Wani bututun watsawa misali ne na mai sa ido kan gurɓataccen iska.]] Na'urorin da ba'a amfani dasu ba suna da sauƙi kuma suna da tsada.<ref name="fan">{{Cite journal |last=Fan |first=Zih-Hua Tina |date=January 2011 |title=Passive Air Sampling: Advantages, Limitations, and Challenges |url=https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Fulltext/2011/01001/Passive_Air_Sampling__Advantages,_Limitations,_and.383.aspx |journal=Epidemiology |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=S132 |doi=10.1097/01.ede.0000392075.06031.d9 |s2cid=75942106 |access-date=27 March 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Suna aiki ta hanyar tsomawa ko kuma a wasu lokuta tattara samfurin iska, wanda dole ne a bincika shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ɗaya daga cikin siffofin da akafi sani da ma'auni mai wucewa shine bututun watsawa, wanda yayi kama da bututun gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma an ɗaure shi da wani abu kamar fitilar fitila don shawo kan wani ko fiye da takamaiman iskar gurbataccen mai ban sha'awa. Bayan wani lokaci, ana cire bututun kuma a aika shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don bincike. Ma'aunin ajiya, ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan ma'aunin gurɓataccen yanayi, wani nau'in na'urar da bata da amfani. Sune manyan bututu waɗanda ke tattara soot ko wasu ƙwayoyin kuma suna fitar dasu cikin kwalabe na samfurori, wanda, sake dole ne a bincika su a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.<ref name="brim" /> === Ma'auni mai aiki === Na'urorin auna masu aiki suna sarrafa kansu ko rabin-automated kuma suna da rikitarwa da ƙwarewa fiye da na'urorin da ba su da amfani, kodayake ba koyaushe suke da hankali ko abin dogaro ba.<ref name="fan"/> Suna amfani da magoya baya don tsotsewa cikin iska, tace shi, kuma ko dai bincika shi ta atomatik a can sannan kuma ko tattara da adana shi don bincike daga baya a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Sensors masu aiki suna amfani da kodai hanyoyin jiki ko na sunadarai. Hanyoyin jiki suna auna samfurin iska batare da canza shi ba, alal misali, ta hanyar ganin yawan wani nau'in haske da yake sha. Hanyoyin sunadarai suna canza samfurin ta wata hanya, ta hanyar halayen sunadarai, kuma suna auna hakan. Yawancin na'urori masu auna sigina masu sarrafa kansu misalai ne na ma'auni mai aiki.<ref name="aqwales"/> == Sensors na ingancin iska == Sensors na ingancin iska sun fito ne daga ƙananan na'urorin hannu zuwa manyan tashoshin sa ido a cikin birane, da na'urori masu sa ido na nesa da akayi amfani dasu a kan jiragen sama da tauraron dan adam na sararin samaniya. === Sensors na ingancin iska na mutum === [[Fayil:Air_Quality_Egg.png|alt=Air Quality Egg air pollution monitor showing the sensor and circuit board|thumb|Kwayar Ingancin Air misali ne na firikwensin gurɓata iska mai tsada.]] A wani ƙarshen sikelin, akwai ƙananan, masu arha (kuma wani lokacin ana iya sawa), na'urori masu auna gurɓata iska da ke da alaƙa da Intanet, kamar Air Quality Egg da PurpleAir . <ref name="lewis1">{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=A |last2=Lee |first2=James |last3=Edwards |first3=Peter |last4=Shaw |first4=Marvin |last5=Evans |first5=Mat |last6=Moller |first6=Sarah |last7=Smith |first7=Katie |last8=Buckley |first8=Jack |last9=Ellis |first9=Matthew |last10=Gilot |first10=Stefan |last11=White |first11=Andrew |display-authors=5 |date=2016 |title=Evaluating the performance of low cost chemical sensors for air pollution research |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/is/content/articlelanding/2015/fd/c5fd00201j |journal=Faraday Discussions |volume=189 |pages=85–103 |bibcode=2016FaDi..189...85L |doi=10.1039/C5FD00201J |pmid=27104223 |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> Wadannan samfurori da iskar gas koyaushe kuma suna samar da daidaitattun daidaito, kusan ainihin lokacin da za a iya nazarin su ta hanyar aikace-aikacen wayar salula.<ref name="NYT1">{{Cite web |last= |date=April 15, 2015 |title=Experimenting at Home With Air Quality Monitors |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/16/business/experimenting-at-home-with-air-quality-monitors.html |access-date=May 29, 2015}}</ref> Hakanan ana iya amfani da bayanan su ta hanyar Jama'a, ko dai shi kaɗai ko tare da wasu bayanan gurɓataccen yanayi, don gina taswirar gurɓatawar wurare masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2023 |title=Technical Approaches for the Sensor Data on the AirNow Fire and Smoke Map |url=https://www.epa.gov/air-sensor-toolbox/technical-approaches-sensor-data-airnow-fire-and-smoke-map |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2019 |title=Welcome to the future—Models, maps, and Flow. |url=https://blog.plumelabs.com/2019/06/27/welcome-to-the-future-models-maps-and-flow/ |access-date=15 July 2023 |website=Plume Labs |archive-date=15 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715110800/https://blog.plumelabs.com/2019/06/27/welcome-to-the-future-models-maps-and-flow/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya amfani da su don yanayin cikin gida da na waje kuma yawancin suna mai da hankali kan auna nau'ikan gurɓataccen iska guda biyar: ozone, kwayoyin halitta, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, da nitrogen dioxide.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jiao |first=Wan |last2=Hagler |first2=Gayle |last3=Williams |first3=Ronald |display-authors=2 |date=2016 |title=Community Air Sensor Network (CAIRSENSE) project: evaluation of low-cost sensor performance in a suburban environment in the southeastern United States |journal=Atmos Meas Tech |volume=9 |issue=11 |pages=5281–5292 |doi=10.5194/amt-9-5281-2016 |pmc=7425750 |pmid=32802212 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wasu suna auna abubuwan da ba'a saba amfani dasu ba kamar su radon gas da formaldehyde.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2023 |title=Low–Cost Air Pollution Monitors and Indoor Air Quality |url=https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/low-cost-air-pollution-monitors-and-indoor-air-quality |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=US Environmental Protection Agency}}</ref> Sensors like this were once expensive, but the 2010s saw a trend towards cheaper portable devices that can be worn by individuals to monitor their local air quality levels, which are now sometimes informally referred to as low-cost sensors (LCS).<ref name="lewis12">{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=A |last2=Lee |first2=James |last3=Edwards |first3=Peter |last4=Shaw |first4=Marvin |last5=Evans |first5=Mat |last6=Moller |first6=Sarah |last7=Smith |first7=Katie |last8=Buckley |first8=Jack |last9=Ellis |first9=Matthew |last10=Gilot |first10=Stefan |last11=White |first11=Andrew |display-authors=5 |date=2016 |title=Evaluating the performance of low cost chemical sensors for air pollution research |url=https://pubs.rsc.org/is/content/articlelanding/2015/fd/c5fd00201j |journal=Faraday Discussions |volume=189 |pages=85–103 |bibcode=2016FaDi..189...85L |doi=10.1039/C5FD00201J |pmid=27104223 |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Austen |first1=Kat |date=7 January 2015 |title=Environmental science: Pollution patrol |journal=Nature |volume=517 |issue=7533 |pages=136–138 |bibcode=2015Natur.517..136A |doi=10.1038/517136a |pmid=25567265 |s2cid=4446361 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A recent review by the European Commission's Joint Research Center identified 112 examples, made by 77 different manufacturers Sensors na mutum na iya bada ƙarfi ga mutane da al'ummomi don fahimtar yanayin bayyanar su da haɗari daga gurɓataccen iska.<ref name="MyUser_Epa.gov_May_29_2015c">{{Cite web |last= |date=26 March 2015 |title=Air Pollution Monitoring for Communities |url=http://www.epa.gov/ncer/rfa/2014/2014-star-air-pollution-monitoring.html |access-date=May 29, 2015}}</ref> Misali, ƙungiyar bincike da William Griswold ya jagoranta a UCSD ta bada na'urori masu auna sigina na gurɓata iska ga masu tafiya 16, kuma sun sami "kwari na birane" inda gine-gine suka kama gurɓata. Kungiyar ta kuma gano cewa fasinjoji a cikin bas suna da bayyanar da tafi na motoci.<ref name="NYT2">{{Cite web |last= |date=June 3, 2013 |title=Microsampling Air Pollution |url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/03/microsampling-air-pollution/?_r=0 |access-date=May 29, 2015}}</ref> === Kula da gurɓataccen gurɓatawar ƙasa === [[Fayil:EkoSłupek_air_pollution_sensor_in_Bytom-Miechowice,_Silesian_Voivodeship,_Poland,_February_2022.jpg|alt=EkoSłupek air pollution sensor in Poland.|right|thumb|Wani firikwensin gurɓata iska na EkoSłupek a Poland. Hasken kore yana nuna ingancin iska mai kyau a kusa.]] Ba kamar masu sa ido masu tsada ba, waɗanda ake ɗauka daga wuri zuwa wuri, masu sa ido na tsaye suna cigaba da gwadawa da auna ingancin iska a wani wuri, birni. Wuraren jama'a kamar tashoshin jirgin kasa masu aiki a wasu lokuta suna da masu sa ido kan ingancin iska da aka gyara har abada tare da dandamali don auna matakan nitrogen dioxide da sauran gurbatawa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hickman |first=A |last2=Baker |first2=C |last3=Cai |first3=X |last4=Delgado-Saborit |first4=J |last5=Thornes |first5=J |date=16 January 2018 |title=Evaluation of air quality at the Birmingham New Street Railway Station |journal=Proc Inst Mech Eng F |volume=232 |issue=6 |pages=1864–1878 |doi=10.1177/0954409717752180 |pmc=6319510 |pmid=30662169}}</ref> An tsara wasu masu sa ido don bada ra'ayi nan da nan game da ingancin iska na gida. A Poland, masu sa ido kan iska na EkoSłupek suna auna kewayon iskar gas da ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna da ƙananan fitilu a saman waɗanda ke canza launi daga ja zuwa kore don nuna yadda iska ke da lafiya a kusa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=EcoClou AirSensor |url=https://ecoclou.eu/ |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> === Kula da gurɓataccen yanayi === [[Fayil:Air_Pollution_Monitoring_Station,_Shaftesbury_Avenue_-_panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|Tashar sa ido kan gurɓataccen iska a Shaftesbury Avenue, London]] A gefen ƙarshen bakan daga na'urori masu auna sigina masu tsada sune manyan, masu tsada sosai, tashoshin sa ido na kan titi waɗanda ke cigaba da gwada gurbataccen abubuwa daban-daban da ake samu a cikin iska na birane don hukumomin gida kuma waɗanda suka zama tsarin sa ido na birni kamar London Air Quality Network <ref>{{Cite web |title=How is pollution measured? |url=https://londonair.org.uk/LondonAir/Guide/Monitoring.aspx |access-date=27 November 2021 |website=London Air |publisher=Imperial College, London}}</ref> da kuma cibiyar sadarwa ta Burtaniya da ake kira Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN <ref>{{Cite web |title=Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) |url=https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/networks/network-info?view=aurn |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=UK Air |publisher=Defra}}</ref>). A Amurka, EPA tana kula da ajiyar bayanan ingancin iska ta hanyar Air Quality System (AQS), inda take adana bayanai daga masu saka idanu sama da 10,000.<ref name="EPA1">{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=TTN AIRS AQS |url=http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/ |access-date=May 29, 2015}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Turai tana tattara bayanan ingancin iska daga tashoshin sa ido 3,500 a fadin nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The European Air Quality Index |url=https://airindex.eea.europa.eu/Map/AQI/Viewer/ |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=European Environment Agency |publisher=European Union |archive-date=29 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220329120637/https://airindex.eea.europa.eu/Map/AQI/Viewer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ma'aunin da na'urori masu auna sigina suka yi kamar waɗannan, waɗanda suka fi dacewa, suma suna kusa da ainihin lokacin kuma ana amfani da su don samar da ƙididdigar ingancin iska (AQIs). Tsakanin matsanancin nau'o'i biyu na manyan na'urori masu auna sigina da ƙananan na'urorin auna amfani da su sune matsakaici, masu saka idanu masu ɗaukar hoto (wani lokacin ana ɗora su a cikin manyan lokuta masu juyawa) har ma da gina su cikin motocin samfurori na "smog-mobile". Kwanan nan, tsarin sa ido kan gurɓataccen iska ya fito ne a matsayin hanyar da ta dace don saka idanu kan ingancin iska, ta amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina da aka ɗora a kan taksi, bas, trams, da sauran motoci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zarrar |first=Hassan |last2=Dyo |first2=Vladimir |date=August 2023 |title=Drive-by Air Pollution Sensing Systems: Challenges and Future Directions |journal=IEEE Sensors Journal |language=en |doi=10.1109/JSEN.2023.3305779 |issn=1530-437X |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Musamman, bas din sun sami kulawa mai yawa a matsayin dandalin wayar hannu saboda wadatarsu dayawa da kuma faɗakarwa da ke tattare da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Caminha |first=Cruz |last2=Couto |first2=Souza |last3=Kosmalski |first3=Maciel |last4=Fladenmuller |first4=Anna |last5=Amorim |first5=Dias |date=20 June 2018 |title=On the coverage of bus-based mobile sensing |journal=Sensors |language=en |volume=18 |issue=6 |doi=10.3390/s18061976 |issn=1424-8220 |pmc=6022044 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Kulawa daga nesa === Hakanan ana iya auna ingancin iska daga nesa, daga iska, ta hanyar Lidar, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Richter |first=P |date=August 1994 |title=Air pollution monitoring with LIDAR |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0165993694870624 |journal=TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=263–266 |doi=10.1016/0165-9936(94)87062-4 |issn=0165-9936 |access-date=28 March 2022}}</ref> drones, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abarca |first=Mónica |title=qAIRa: Using drones to monitor air quality from illegal mining areas in Peru |url=https://www.unicef.org/innovation/venturefund/dronescohort/qAira |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=UNICEF Office of Innovation |publisher=UNICEF}}</ref> da tauraron dan adam, ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar daidaitawar gas. Daga cikin farkon kokarin sa ido kan gurɓataccen tauraron dan adam sune GOME (Global ozone Monitoring Experiment), wanda ya auna matakan ozone na duniya (tropospheric) daga ESA European Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS-2) a cikin 1995, da kuma NASA's MAPS (Mapping Pollution with Satellites), wanda yaauna rarraba carbon monoxide a cikin ƙananan yanayi na Duniya, kuma a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ozone GOME |url=https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/research/ozone-uv/gome |access-date=28 March 2022 |website=UK Air |publisher=Defra}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 1996 |title=Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) - understanding the chemistry of the atmosphere |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/MAPS.html |publisher=NASA |access-date=9 July 2024 |archive-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021000317/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/MAPS.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:PIA21100_Severe_Air_Pollution_in_New_Delhi_View_by_NASA's_MISR.jpg|thumb|Auna gurɓataccen iska a New Delhi a cikin 2016 ta amfani da kayan aikin Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) a cikin tauraron dan adam na NASASatellite na duniya]] == Hanyoyin auna don gurɓataccen abu daban-daban == Kowane bangare daban-daban na gurɓataccen iska dole ne a auna shi ta hanyar tsari daban-daban, kayan aiki, ko halayen sunadarai. Hanyoyin nazarin sunadarai da akayi amfani dasu don auna gurɓata sun haɗa da gas chromatography; nau'o'i daban-daban na spectrometry, spectroscopy, da spectrophotometry; da kuma Hasken wuta photometry. === Kwayoyin cuta === Har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 20, yawan hayaki da aka samar da wani abu kamar hayaki sau da yawa ana auna shi da gani, kuma a hankali, ta hanyar riƙe katunan da layin da akayi musu mulki don nuna launuka daban-daban na launin toka. Wadannan an san su da sigogi na Ringelmann, bayan mai kirkirar su, Max Ringelmann. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2016 |title=Maximilien Ringelmann: Smoke Charts |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/ringelmann-smoke-charts |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=Science History Institute}}</ref> An auna hayaki a kan sikelin maki shida. [[Fayil:Sensing_change-ringelmann_smoke_charts.jpg|right|thumb|An kirkiro sigogi na Ringelmann don auna hayaki daga bututun wuta da hayaki a ƙarshen karni na 19.]] A cikin tashoshin sa ido na gurɓataccen yanayi na zamani, ana auna ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (PM₁₀) da ƙwayoyin (PM_2.5) ta amfani da na'urar da ake kira microbalance (TEOM), bisa ga bututun gilashi wanda ke girgiza ko ƙasa yayin da ƙwayoyen da aka tattara suka tara a ciki. Hakanan za'a iya auna ƙwayoyin cuta ta amfani da wasu nau'ikan samfurin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin, gami da masu gano hoto na gani, waɗanda ke auna hasken da aka nuna daga samfurori na haske (babban ƙwayoyin suna nuna ƙarin haske) da kuma nazarin gravimetric (an tattara su akan matattara kuma an auna su). <ref name="aqeg-particulates">{{Cite web |date=2005 |title=Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom Summary |url=https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/assets/documents/reports/aqeg/pm-summary.pdf |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=Air Quality Expert Group |publisher=Defra}}</ref> Black carbon yawanci ana auna shi ta hanyar gani tare da kayan aikin Aethalometer. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin (ƙananan PM_0.1, don haka gabaɗaya ƙasa da 100 nanometers a diamita) suna da wuyar ganowa da auna tare da wasu daga cikin waɗannan dabarun. Yawanci, ana auna su (ko ƙidaya su) tare da [[ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta]], wanda ke faɗaɗa ƙwayoyin ta hanyar ƙwayoyin tururi a kansu don yin ɗigon ruwa mafi girma da sauƙin ganowa.<ref name="cpc-manch2">{{Cite web |title=Condensation particle counters |url=http://www.cas.manchester.ac.uk/restools/instruments/aerosol/cpc/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Center for Atmospheric Science |publisher=University of Manchester}}</ref> Za'a iya auna abun dake cikin atomatik na samfurori tare da dabarun kamar X-ray spectrometry.<ref name="pmid4762375">{{Cite journal |year=1973 |title=X-ray spectrometry for particulate air pollution—a quantitative comparison of techniques. |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4762375 |journal=Anal Chem |volume=45 |issue=12 |pages=2002–9 |doi=10.1021/ac60334a033 |pmc= |pmid=4762375}}</ref> === Nitrogen dioxide === Ana iya auna Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) ta hanyar amfani da bututun watsawa, kodayake yana ɗaukar lokaci don tattara samfurori, bincika su, da kuma samar da sakamako.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Using Diffusion Tubes |url=https://www.care4air.org/air-pollutants/using-diffusion-tubes/ |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Care4Air |publisher=Sheffield City Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2014 |title=Diffusion Tubes |url=https://lovecleanair.org/about-air-quality/how-pollutants-measured/diffusion-tubes/ |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=LoveCleanAir South London |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228113836/https://lovecleanair.org/about-air-quality/how-pollutants-measured/diffusion-tubes/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ana iya auna shi da hannu ko ta atomatik ta [[Griess-Saltzman method|Hanyar Griess-Saltzman]], kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin ISO 6768:1998,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISO 6768:1998: Ambient air — Determination of mass concentration of nitrogen dioxide — Modified Griess-Saltzman method |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/13262.html |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=International Organization for Standardization}}</ref> ko [[Jacobs-Hocheiser method|Hanyar Jacobs-Hocheiser]]. Hakanan ana iya auna shi ta atomatik da sauri, ta hanyar analyzer na chemiluminescence, wanda ke ƙayyade matakan nitrogen oxide daga hasken da suke bayarwa. A cikin Burtaniya, alal misali, akwai shafuka sama da 200 inda ake cigaba da saka idanu kan NO2 ta hanyar chemiluminescence.<ref name="no2aqeg">{{Cite web |title=Nitrogen Dioxide in the United Kingdom: Summary |url=https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/library/assets/documents/reports/aqeg/nitrogen_dioxide_in_the_UK-summary.pdf |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Air Quality Expert Group |publisher=Defra |page=4}}</ref> [[Fayil:Air_Monitoring_station,_Reno,_Nevada.jpg|alt=Air pollution monitoring station in Reno, Nevada showing air inlets and sensor.|right|thumb|Tashoshin sa ido na iska suna samfurori da auna abubuwa masu gurɓata da yawa. Wannan tashar a Reno, Nevada, tana sa ido kan carbon monoxide, ozone, ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu kyau (PM_2.5 da PM₁₀), da nitrogen dioxide.]] === Sulphur dioxide da hydrogen sulphide === Sulphur dioxide () ana auna shi ta hanyar spectroscopy.  Wannan ya haɗa da kunna hasken ultraviolet a samfurin iska da auna hasken da aka samar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sulfur dioxide |url=https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/68650/sulfur-dioxide-poster.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023162952/https://www.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/68650/sulfur-dioxide-poster.pdf |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=29 March 2022 |publisher=Queensland Government}}</ref> Ana kuma amfani da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta don auna .  Ana amfani da masu nazarin hoto na wuta don auna wasu mahaɗan sulfur a cikin iska.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Kwong-Chi |last2=Shooter |first2=David |date=25 January 2007 |title=Analysis of sulfur-containing compounds in ambient air using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detection |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03067310410001729619 |journal=International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=749–760 |doi=10.1080/03067310410001729619 |s2cid=93587574}}</ref> === Carbon monoxide da carbon dioxide === [[Fayil:Air_pollution_sensor_at_Birmingham_New_Street_train_station.jpg|thumb|Carbon dioxide da na'urori masu auna sigina na nitrogen dioxide a tashar jirgin kasa ta Birmingham New Street]] Ana auna carbon monoxide () da carbon dioxide (CO2) ta hanyar ɗaukar haske mai haske (NDIR) bisa ga Dokar Beer-Lambert.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jha |first=Ravindra Kumar |date=23 November 2021 |title=Non-Dispersive Infrared Gas Sensing Technology: A Review |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9624946 |journal=IEEE Sensors Journal |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=6–15 |doi=10.1109/JSEN.2021.3130034 |s2cid=244564847 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref> Hakanan ana iya auna CO ta amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina na electrochemical gel da masu ganowa na ƙarfe-oxide (MOS).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fine |first=George |last2=Cavanagh |first2=Leon |last3=Afonja |first3=Ayo |last4=Binions |first4=Russell |date=2010 |title=Metal Oxide Semi-Conductor Gas Sensors in Environmental Monitoring |journal=Sensors |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=5469–5502 |bibcode=2010Senso..10.5469F |doi=10.3390/s100605469 |pmc=3247717 |pmid=22219672 |doi-access=free}}</ref> === Ozone === Ana auna ozone (O3) ta hanyar ganin yawan haske da samfurin iska ke sha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How We Measure Ozone |url=https://www.nps.gov/subjects/air/howwemeasure-ozone.htm |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=National Park Service |publisher=US Department of the Interior}}</ref> Mafi yawan ozone yana shan karin haske bisa ga dokar Beer-Lambert. === Magungunan kwayoyin halitta (VOCs) === Ana auna waɗannan ta amfani da gas chromatography da harshen wuta (GC-FID). === Hydrocarbons === Ana iya auna Hydrocarbons ta hanyar gas chromatography da masu gano wutar lantarki.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morris |first=Robert |last2=Chapman |first2=Robert |date=1961 |title=Flame lonization Hydrocarbon Analyzer |journal=Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=467–489 |doi=10.1080/00022470.1961.10468025 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wani lokaci ana bayyana su a matsayin ma'auni daban-daban na [[methane]] (CH4), NMHC (ba na methane hydrocarbons ba), da THC (dukkanin hydrocarbon) fitarwa (inda THC shine jimlar CH4 da NMHC fitarwa). <ref name="alberta" /> === Ammoniya === Ana iya auna Ammoniya (NH3) ta hanyoyi daban-daban ciki har da chemiluminescence . == Ma'auni na halitta == [[Fayil:Lobaria_pulmonaria_010108c.jpg|left|thumb|Lichens irin su Lobaria pulmonaria suna da hankali ga gurɓataccen iska.]] Hakanan za'a iya kimanta gurɓataccen iska ta hanyar lura da tasirin gurɓatacciyar iska akan tsire-tsire masu girma kamar lichens da mosses (misali na biomonitoring).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Conti |first=M |last2=Cecchetti |first2=G |date=2001 |title=Biological monitoring: lichens as bioindicators of air pollution assessment - a review |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11584645/ |journal=Environ Pollut |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=471–92 |doi=10.1016/s0269-7491(00)00224-4 |pmid=11584645 |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Impacts of air pollution on Lichens and Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) |url=http://www.apis.ac.uk/impacts-air-pollution-lichens-and-bryophytes-mosses-and-liverworts |access-date=30 March 2022 |website=Air Pollution Information System |publisher=Centre for Ecology and Hydrology}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndlovu |first=Ntombizikhona Beaulah |date=10 July 2015 |title=Mosses and lichens come to the rescue in battle against air pollution |url=https://theconversation.com/mosses-and-lichens-come-to-the-rescue-in-battle-against-air-pollution-44470 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Wasu ayyukan kimiyya sunyi amfani da tsire-tsire masu girma na musamman kamar strawberries . <ref>{{Cite web |title=StrawbAIRies |url=https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/strawbairies/ |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=University of Antwerp |archive-date=10 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410115528/https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/strawbairies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rukunin auna == {{Reflist|30em}} Adadin gurɓataccen abu dake cikin iska yawanci ana nuna shi azaman maida hankali, wanda aka auna a ko dai sassa-da-bayani (yawanci sassa da biliyan, ppb, ko sassa da miliyan, ppm, wanda akafi sani da rabo na haɗuwa), ko micrograms da mita cubic (μg / m3). Yana da sauƙi a canza ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan raka'a zuwa ɗayan, tare da la'akari da Nauyin kwayoyin daban-daban na iskar gas da yanayin zafi da matsin lamba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unit Conversion |url=https://www.apis.ac.uk/unit-conversion |access-date=27 January 2023 |website=Air Pollution Information System (APIS) |publisher=UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology |archive-date=27 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127084927/https://www.apis.ac.uk/unit-conversion |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadannan raka'a suna nuna yawan gurɓataccen iska dangane da taro ko ƙarar gurɓata, kuma ana amfani dasu don auna gurɓatawar gas, kamar nitrogen dioxide, da ƙarancin (PM₁₀) da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin (PM_2.5). Wani ma'auni na madadin don barbashi, ''lambar'' barbashi, yana nuna maida hankali dangane da yawan barbashi a kowane girman iska a maimakon haka, wanda zai iya zama hanya mafi mahimmanci don kimanta cututtukan kiwon lafiya na barbashi masu guba (PM_0.1, ƙasa da 0.1 μm a diamita).<ref name="OhlweinKappelerKutlar Joss2019">{{Cite journal |last=Ohlwein |first=Simone |last2=Kappeler |first2=Ron |last3=Kutlar Joss |first3=Meltem |last4=Künzli |first4=Nino |last5=Hoffmann |first5=Barbara |date=21 February 2019 |title=Health effects of ultrafine particles: a systematic literature review update of epidemiological evidence |journal=International Journal of Public Health |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=547–559 |doi=10.1007/s00038-019-01202-7 |issn=1661-8556 |eissn=1661-8564 |pmid=30790006 |s2cid=67791011}}</ref> Za'a iya auna lambar ƙwayoyin tare da kayan aiki kamar ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin.<ref name="cpc-manch">{{Cite web |title=Condensation particle counters |url=http://www.cas.manchester.ac.uk/restools/instruments/aerosol/cpc/ |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Center for Atmospheric Science |publisher=University of Manchester}}</ref> Ana lissafin ƙimar ingancin iska na birane (AQI) ta hanyar haɗawa ko kwatanta maida hankali ga "kwandon" na gurɓataccen iska na yau da kullun (yawanci ozone, carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, da duka ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin) don samar da lamba ɗaya a kan sikelin da ke da sauƙin fahimta (kuma sau da yawa launi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technical Assistance Document for the Reporting of Daily Air Quality – the Air Quality Index (AQI): EPA 454/B-18-007 |url=https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2020-05/aqi-technical-assistance-document-sept2018.pdf |access-date=26 January 2023 |publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards |archive-date=10 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910025454/https://www.airnow.gov/sites/default/files/2020-05/aqi-technical-assistance-document-sept2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara auna gurɓataccen iska, a Burtaniya, a karni na 19. A shekara ta 1852, masanin kimiyyar Scotland Robert Angus Smith ya gano (kuma ya sanya masa suna) Ruwan sama mai zafi bayan ya tattara samfurori na ruwan sama wanda ya zama yana dauke da adadi mai yawa na sulphur daga konewar kwal. Dangane da jerin lokuta na gurɓataccen iska da David Fowler da abokan aiki suka yi, Smith shine "masanin kimiyya na farko da yayi ƙoƙari yayi bincike mai yawa, bincike mai yawa game da yanayin sinadarai na gurɓatar yanayi".<ref name="fowler">{{Cite journal |last=Fowler |first=David |author-link=David Fowler (physicist) |last2=Brimblecombe |first2=Peter |last3=Burrows |first3=John |last4=Heal |first4=Mathew |last5=Grennfelt |first5=Peringe |last6=Stevenson |first6=David |last7=Jowett |first7=Alan |last8=Nemitz |first8=Eiko |last9=Coyle |first9=Mhairi |last10=Liu |first10=Xuejun |last11=Chang |first11=Yunhua |last12=Fuller |first12=Gary |last13=Sutton |first13=Mark |last14=Klimont |first14=Zbigniew |last15=Unsworth |first15=Mike |display-authors=5 |date=30 October 2020 |title=A chronology of global air quality |journal=Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A |volume=378 |issue=2183 |bibcode=2020RSPTA.37890314F |doi=10.1098/rsta.2019.0314 |pmc=7536029 |pmid=32981430}}</ref> A farkon karni na 20, likitan Irish da injiniyan muhalli John Switzer Owens da Kwamitin Binciken Rashin Yanayi, wanda shine sakatare, sun cigaba sosai da auna da saka idanu kan gurɓataccen iska ta amfani da cibiyar sadarwa ta ma'aunin ajiya. Owens ya kuma kirkiro sabbin hanyoyin auna gurɓataccen yanayi. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1952, Babban Smog na London ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 12,000.<ref name="EHP_112_1">{{Cite journal |last=Bell, M.L. |last2=Davis, D.L. |last3=Fletcher, T. |date=2004 |title=A Retrospective Assessment of Mortality from the London Smog Episode of 1952: The Role of Influenza and Pollution |journal=[[Environmental Health Perspectives|Environ Health Perspect]] |volume=112 |issue=1; January |pages=6–8 |doi=10.1289/ehp.6539 |pmc=1241789 |pmid=14698923}}</ref> Wannan taron, da makamantansu kamar bala'in smog na Donora na 1948 a Amurka, ya zama daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka faru a tarihin muhalli saboda sun haifar da sake tunani game da kula da gurɓataccen yanayi. A cikin Burtaniya, Babban Smog na London ya kai tsaye ga Dokar Tsabtace Iska, wanda zai iya haifar da sakamako harma da yakai nesa fiye da yadda aka nufa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brimblecombe |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Brimblecombe |date=2006-11-01 |title=The Clean Air Act after 50 years |journal=Weather |language=en |volume=61 |issue=11 |pages=311–314 |bibcode=2006Wthr...61..311B |doi=10.1256/wea.127.06 |issn=1477-8696 |s2cid=123552841}}</ref> Abubuwan bala'i kamar wannan sun haifar da auna gurɓataccen yanayi kuma ana sarrafa shi sosai.<ref name="fowler"/> == Dubi kuma == * Ƙididdigar ingancin iska * [[Kula da muhalli]] == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-189sp Kimiyya & Fasahar Fasahar: Sensors na Ingancin Air] [[Rukuni:Muhalli]] [[Rukuni:Gurbacewar iska]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cglf6jtxwstkt2ytthte5tajffg08kw 0 84470 828224 822683 2026-05-01T03:38:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828224 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Louisa Motha''' ta kasance mai kula da ƙungiyar [[Abahlali base Mjondolo|Abahlali baseMjondolo]] na shekaru da yawa tun daga shekara ta 2004. <ref name="Gunby">{{Cite journal |last=Gunby |first=Kate |date=2007 |title=You'll Never Silence the Voice of the Voiceless: Critical Voices of Activists in Post-Apartheid South Africa |url=https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/115 |journal=Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection |volume=115 |access-date=22 September 2019}}</ref> Tana zaune a cikin ƙauyen Motala Heights a Pinetown kusa da birnin [[Durban]] a [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Motha ta zama abokiyar ɗan gwagwarmaya Shamita Naidoo lokacin da suka haɗu suna wanke tufafinsu a cikin kogi.<ref name="Pithouse-Comm">{{Cite journal |last=Pithouse |first=Richard |date=26 March 2014 |title=An Urban commons? Notes from South Africa |url=https://academic.oup.com/cdj/article/49/suppl_1/i31/307713 |journal=Community Development Journal |volume=49 |issue=suppl 1 |pages=i31–i43 |doi=10.1093/cdj/bsu013 |url-access=subscription |access-date=22 September 2019 |doi-access=}}</ref> An san ta sosai da shirya adawa da korar mutane kuma ta kasance mai sukar Dokar Slums . Ta kuma fara ƙungiyar kula da lambu ta mata da ake kira Motola Diggers . <ref name="Pithouse-Comm"/> == Yunkurin fafutuka == Ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗin da aka yi game da fitar da mutane da aka tilasta kuma ta ba da shawarar inganta yanayin gidaje ga mazauna ƙauyuka na al'ada. Ta kuma yi magana game da manufofin gidaje da ke shafar ƙauyuka na al'ada, gami da Dokar KwaZulu-Natal Slums . == Manazarta == <references /> == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.forgetphotography.com/blog/index.php?x=browse&category=15 Hoton hoto a kan tsaunuka na Motala na Antonios Vradis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106180344/http://www.forgetphotography.com/blog/index.php?x=browse&category=15 |date=2021-01-06 }} * [http://www.fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100032170 Wani wuri a cikin Birni, na Jenny Mogan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200710141235/http://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100032170 |date=2020-07-10 }}, 2008 {{Abahlali baseMjondolo}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lwsr9f49sjjcsv5dysrg5qvkwqwq84s 0 87720 827962 562954 2026-04-30T12:01:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kuku Paka''' abinci ne da ake yi dabkaza tare da [[curry]] na tushen [[Attagara|kwakwa]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuku Paka (Kenyan Chicken Curry) |url=http://www.food.com/recipe/kuku-paka-kenyan-chicken-curry-456503 |access-date=5 August 2015 |publisher=Food.com}}</ref> kuma ana kiransa da “ '''kuku na nazi''' ”. Yana da tasiri a Afirka, Indiya da Arab. Kuku a [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] yana nufin kaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kuku Paka |url=http://www.congocookbook.com/chicken_recipes/kuku_paka.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402162503/http://congocookbook.com/chicken_recipes/kuku_paka.html |archive-date=2 April 2019 |access-date=5 August 2015 |publisher=Congo Cookbook}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rubbery Chicken |url=https://onthegas.org/food/rubbery-chicken |access-date=8 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Abincin ya shahara musamman a gabar tekun [[gabashin Afirka]] da kuma tsakanin al'ummar Indiya da ke zaune a [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] da [[Uganda]]. Paka a cikin [[Harshen Swahili|Swahili]] yana nufin shafa, yaɗa ko shafa.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=May 2020}} Madarar kwakwa ko kirim mai kwakwa da kayan kamshi na curry sune manyan kayan haɗa abincin. Abin da ya bambanta Kuku Paka daga sauran kayan kwakwa shine ɗanɗano daga char-grilling na kajin kafin a saka shi a cikin gindin curry na kwakwa. Wannan yana ba shi ɗanɗano mai kyau. Sau da yawa ana maye gurbin shrimp ko kifi da kaza a cikin wannan sanannen abinci na Gabashin Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-16 |title=African Menu |url=http://www.malindiseaviewresort.com/african-menu/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Sea View Resort Malindi |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Duba " [http://www.malindiseaviewresort.com/african-menu/ Kuku na Nazi]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Abinci]] kb7tn0ljkqg026z77k30vx8xorl1ish 0 88045 827995 717631 2026-04-30T14:48:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827995 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Tarayya, [[Ishiagu]]''' (wanda aka fi sani da "FCA Ishiagu") tana zaune ne a Ishiagu, yankin karamar hukuma na [[Ebonyi|Jihar Ebonyi]], Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Current List Of (NUC) Approved Polytechnics in Nigeria |url=https://alluniversity.com.ng/polytechnics-in-nigeria/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214325/https://alluniversity.com.ng/polytechnics-in-nigeria/ |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=Latest JAMB News {{!}} All Nigerian Universities News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2017 |title=List of All Federal, State & Private Polytechnics in Nigeria 2021 |url=https://www.myschoolgist.com/ng/list-of-accredited-polytechnics-in-nigeria/ |access-date=1 June 2021 |website=www.myschoolgist.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Colleges of Agriulture {{!}} National Board for Technical Education |url=https://net.nbte.gov.ng/colleges%20of%20agric |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207154837/https://net.nbte.gov.ng/colleges%20of%20agric |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=net.nbte.gov.ng}}</ref> Kwalejin tana inganta ilimi, horo da bincike game da samar da aikin gona, sarrafawa da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu |url=https://hotels.ng/places/school/1875-federal-college-of-agriculture-ishiagu |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Hotels.ng Places}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin da gwamnatin [[Yankin Gabashin Najeriya|Gabashin Najeriya]] ta kafa a [[Umudike]]" id="mwGQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Umudike">Umudike a shekarar 1955, an hade ta da Cibiyar Binciken Aikin Gona, Umudike da aka kafa a shekarar 1964 kuma Gwamnatin Gabashin Tsakiya ta karbe ta a shekarar 1970. A shekara ta 1972, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta karɓi kwalejin a matsayin wani ɓangare na Cibiyar Binciken Aikin Gona da Horarwa ta Tarayya (FARTS), kuma a shekara ta 1976 makarantar ta zama reshen horo na Cibiyar Nazarin Tushen Kasa, Umudike . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu (FCAI){{!}} Ebonyi Face |url=https://www.ebonyiface.com/state/education/federal-college-of-agriculture-ishiagu-fcai.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.ebonyiface.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hukumar Ilimi ta Fasaha ta Kasa ta amince da shirye-shiryen kwalejin a 1989, kuma a 1993. An sake komawa kwalejin zuwa wurin da yake a yanzu a shekarar 1995. A matsayin "Aikin Inganta Aikin Gona na Ƙauye" ga al'ummomi 15 a cikin Olokoro Clan, an kafa wurin da kansa a cikin 1964.↵<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu |url=http://fcaishiagu.edu.ng/history.php |access-date=20 March 2014 |publisher=Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119034419/http://fcaishiagu.edu.ng/history.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Darussan == Kwalejin Aikin Gona ta Tarayya Ishiagu, tana ba da difloma na kasa (ND) kawai amma kwanan nan sun inganta zuwa kyautar difloma ta kasa mafi girma (HND). <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2017 |title=How I transformed Ishiagu agric college |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/how-i-transformed-ishiagu-agric-college/ |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar tana gudanar da shirye-shiryen da ke biyowa a matakin Diploma na Kasa da kuma matakin Diploma na Sama; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal College of Agriculture Ishiagu courses, details and contact information - CoursesEye.com |url=https://www.courseseye.com/colleges-and-universities/439-federal-college-of-agriculture-ishiagu.aspx |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.courseseye.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Agriculture, Ishiagu (FCAI) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-agriculture-ishiagu |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=I. J. N. |date=1 October 2020 |title=Full List of Courses Offered In Federal College Of Agriculture, Ishiagu (FCAI) |url=https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fcai-courses/ |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=ITSJAMBNEWS |language=en-US |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214840/https://itsjambnews.com.ng/jamb/fcai-courses/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2017 |title=COMPLETE LIST OF COURSES OFFERED IN FCA ISHIAGU {{!}} FEDERAL COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, ISHIAGU NUC ACCREDITED COURSES {{!}} OFFICIAL COURSES IN FCA ISHIAGU |url=https://availablejobsnews.com/list-of-courses-offered-in-fca-ishiagu/ |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Available Job News {{!}} Current School Info |language=en-US |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220038/https://availablejobsnews.com/list-of-courses-offered-in-fca-ishiagu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Diploma na kasa === * Fasahar dakin gwaje-gwaje na Kimiyya * Fasahar Kifi * Gida da Tattalin Arziki na Karkara * [[Fasahar noma|Fasahar Aikin Gona]] * Fasahar Injiniya ta Aikin Gona da Muhalli * Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa * Lissafin kuɗi * Tallace-tallace * Gudanar da Jama'a * Fasahar Noma * Kididdiga * Lafiyar Dabbobi da Fasahar samarwa * Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa na hadin gwiwa * Fasahar Gudanar da Muhalli === Babban difloma na kasa === Wadannan shirye-shirye ne don kyautar Digiri mafi girma na kasa; <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2015 |title=College of Agriculture Ishiagu ND / HND Admission Details [2015/2016] |url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/college-of-agriculture-ishiagu-nd-hnd-admission-details-20152016/ |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Nigerian Scholars |language=en-US |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602221226/https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/college-of-agriculture-ishiagu-nd-hnd-admission-details-20152016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=abet HND Proramme – Besphel Agency |url=https://www.besphel.com/hnd_abet-programme/ |access-date=2 June 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220159/https://www.besphel.com/hnd_abet-programme/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Fasahar samar da dabbobi * Fasahar samar da amfanin gona * Yaduwar Aikin Gona da Gudanarwa * Fasahar Gudanar da Kwayar cuta * Horticulture da Landscape Technology * Fasahar Kifi * Fasahar Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta * Gida da Tattalin Arziki na Karkara * Fasahar Injiniya ta Aikin Gona da Muhalli (Zaɓin Ikon Gona da Injin) * Tattalin Arziki da Gudanarwa * Kididdiga == duba koma == * [[Jerin Sunayen Makarantun Kimiyyar Kere-Kere a Najeriya|Jerin polytechnics a Najeriya]] == manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == http://www.fcaishiagu.edu.ng/ [https://www.devex.com/organizations/national-root-crops-research-institute-141699 https://www.devex.com/ ƙungiyoyi/ƙasa-tushen-amfanin gona-bincike-cibiyar-141699] ikuzsotu2kdfnhak16yvff2i46qxc26 0 88993 828126 823752 2026-04-30T19:03:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''La Romana'''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215745/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=114</ref> Lardi ne na Jamhuriyar Dominican. <ref>https://study.com/academy/lesson/dominican-republic-ethnic-groups.html#section---DominicanRepublicHistory</ref>Babban birnin kuma ana kiransa La Romana, kuma shine birni na uku mafi girma a cikin ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.one.gob.do/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-12-12 |archive-date=2011-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504141927/http://www.one.gob.do/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> An ɗaukaka La Romana zuwa rukunin lardin a shekarar 1944. File:Catalina Island, La Romana, Jamhuriyar Dominican. Jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu a bakin tekun Catalina Isl, yana gabatowa ga gaɓar dutse. jpg La Romana kuma gida ne ga Casa de Campo, daya daga cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na duniya da manyan wuraren wasan golf, gami da Hakoran Golf na Dog. Yawancin masu fasaha na duniya da na gida suna yin a "Altos de Chavón", al'umma mai fasaha da jami'a.<ref>http://www.conapofa.gov.do/censo.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tarihi == An kirkiro lardin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1961 bayan tsohon lardin La Altagracia ya rabu gida biyu, babban birninsu shi ne birnin La Romana, a lardin La Romana da kuma sabon lardin La Altagracia.<ref>https://www.transat.com/en-CA/destinations/south/dominican-republic/la-romana</ref> Rarraba siyasar wannan lardin na daya daga cikin mafi karancin sarkakiya a kasar.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/La-Romana-Dominican-Republic</ref> Ya ƙunshi gundumomi 3: La Romana, Guaymate da Villa Hermosa (wanda aka ƙirƙira a matsayin gunduma a cikin 2004) kuma tare da gundumomin Caleta da Cumayasa. La Romana ita ce babbar gundumar.<ref>https://www.godominicanrepublic.com/destinations/la-romana/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070314215735/http://www.one.gob.do/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=113</ref> == Wuri == Garin yakasance ne yana iyaka da arewa da lardin El Seibo, zuwa gabas tare da lardin La Altagracia, a kudu tare da Tekun Caribbean da yamma tare da lardin San Pedro de Macoris.<ref>http://www.conapofa.gov.do/censo.asp{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Lardin yana cikin yankin gabashin Yuma. La Romana ita ce lardi na uku mafi ƙanƙanta a ƙasar, tare da 653.95 km2 kuma ya mamaye 1.3% na ƙasar ƙasa. Manyan koguna sune Cumayasa, La Romana (ko Río Dulce) da Chavón. ==Tattalin Arziki == Tattalin arzikin La Romana ya dogara ne akan masana'antar sukari, yankuna masu 'yanci da yawon shakatawa. A La Romana har yanzu akwai abin da ake kira bateye, wannan ya faru ne saboda yawan samar da sukari. Bateyes yankuna ne na braceros, wanda ke cikin wuri mai dacewa don gudanar da aikin noma na sukari. Babban aikin noma shi ne samar da rake da kuma kiwon shanu, da madara da nama.<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Romana,_Dominican_Republic</ref> Dangane da masana'antu, babban wanda shine samar da sukari. A cikin wadannan wurare akwai gidaje da wuraren ayyukan noma. Masana'antar sukari ita ce mafi girman ma'aikata masu zaman kansu a kasar, tare da ma'aikata 25,000 da suka hada da ma'aikata da ma'aikatan ofis.<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g147292-La_Romana_La_Romana_Province_Dominican_Republic-Vacations.html</ref> == Manazarta == e76a5wa7fiyzs3cin0svula9nrqclid 0 93186 828192 708118 2026-04-30T23:10:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Leonardo Máximo Sbaraglia''' ({{IPA|es|leoˈnaɾðo (e)sβaˈɾa(ɣ)lja|lang}}{{IPA|es|leoˈnaɾðo (e)sβaˈɾa(ɣ)lja|lang}} [leoˈnaɾðo (e) sβaˈɾa (ɣ) lja]; an haife shi a ranar 30 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1970) ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na ƙasar Argentina, tare da ƙididdiga mai yawa a Argentina da Spain. Ya kuma yi aiki a Mexico, kuma ya fito a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa na farko a harshen Turanci mai suna ''Red Lights.'' == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Sbaraglia a [[Buenos Aires]] inda mahaifiyarsa, Roxana Randon, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mai horar da wasan kwaikwayo. Ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo yana da shekaru 16 a cikin La noche de los lápices, wasan kwaikwayo na siyasa wanda Héctor Olivera ya jagoranta. A shekara ta 1987, ya sami shahara a tsakanin matasa na Argentina saboda rawar da ya taka a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen TV na Clave de sol . A cikin shekaru masu ''Kusa'', ya fito a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin da fina-finai da kuma gidan wasan kwaikwayo (kamar La Soledad de los Campos de Algodon, Closer). A shekara ta 1993, ya yi aiki a karo na farko tare da darektan Argentina Marcelo Piñeyro a cikin Tango feroz: la leyenda de Tanguito . Sun sake haɗuwa don Caballos salvajes (1995), wanda Leonardo Sbaraglia ya sami Kyautar Jury don Mafi kyawun Aiki a Bikin Fim na Duniya na Huelva, kuma daga baya don Cenizas del paraíso (1997) da kuma shahararren wasan kwaikwayon a Plata quemada (2000).   Sbaraglia ya yi hijira zuwa [[Ispaniya|Spain]] a shekarar 1998.<ref name="ciudad">[http://www.ciudad.com.ar/espectaculos/59307/%C2%BFse-acuerdan-de-mi ¿Se acuerdan de mí?] Ciudad.com.ar {{In lang|es}}</ref> Ya yi fice tare da Eusebio Poncela a Intacto, wani labari mai ban tsoro na shekarar 2001 wanda Juan Carlos Fresnadillo ya jagoranta, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Goya don Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor. Sauran rawar da ya taka sun hada da Deseo (2002), fim din Gerardo Vera wanda ya taka leda tare da Leonor Watling da Cecilia Roth, da ''Carmen'' (2003), wanda ya dace da classic na Prosper Mérimée ta darektan Vicente Aranda . Sbaraglia ya sake aiki a shekara ta 2005 tare da darektan Antonio Hernández, tare da wanda ya riga ya harbe En la ciudad sin límites a shekara ta 2002. Wannan da gudummawarsa ga jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Sebastián Borensztein na Tiempo na karshe (2000) bayan samar da El garante, wanda ya sami lambar yabo ta Martín Fierro don mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo; Hernández da Piñeyro su ne kawai daraktoci waɗanda Sbaraglia ya yi aiki tare da su fiye da sau ɗaya.   An zabi shi don Kyautar Goya don Mafi Kyawun Mai Taimako a 2007 don rawar da ya taka na Jesús Irurre a fim din ''Salvador (Puig Antich) '' wanda ya fito tare da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus Daniel Brühl . Birnin Huelva ya ba Sbaraglia lambar yabo ta girmamawa a shekara ta 2005. <ref>[http://cineparaleer.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=43 Premios del Segundo Semestre del 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328012548/http://cineparaleer.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=43 |date=2012-03-28 }}, CineParaLeer.com; accessed 22 May 2015. {{In lang|es}}</ref> Sbaraglia ya koma Argentina a shekara ta 2008, <ref name="ciudad"/> kuma ya fito a cikin Marcelo Piñeyro's Las viudas de los jueves a cikin rawar da aka zaba don kyautar Silver Condor ta Kungiyar Masu Fim ta Argentina . Daga cikin sanannun matsayinsa na baya suna tare da [[Robert De Niro]] da Sigourney Weaver a cikin Rodrigo Cortés' Red Lights (2012); kuma a matsayin daya daga cikin maza biyu da aka kama a cikin duel a cikin Damián Szifrón's acclaimed Wild Tales (2014). == Iyali == Sbaraglia ta auri mai zane-zane na Argentina Guadalupe Martín a shekara ta 2001; ma'auratan suna da ɗa ɗaya.<ref>[http://www.decine21.com/Perfiles/Leonardo-Sbaraglia.asp El gaucho castizo], DeCine21.com; accessed 22 May 2015. {{In lang|es}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Taken !Shekara !Matsayi !Bayani !{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |{{Center|1986}} |''Dare na Fensir'' |Daniyel | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|1993}} |''[[Copyright (1993 film)|Hakkin mallaka]]'' | | | |- |''Tango mai tsananin gaske: Labarin Tanguito'' |Bitrus | | |- |{{Center|1994}} |''Wutar mai launin toka'' | | | |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|1995}} |''Hotunan rai'' | | | |- |''Kada ka mutu ba tare da ka gaya mini inda kake zuwa ba'' |Pablo | | |- |''Dawakai na daji'' |Bitrus | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|1996}} |''Carlos Monzón, shari'ar ta biyu'' | | | |- |''Kisses a goshi'' |Sebastián Miguez | | |- |{{Center|1997}} |''Aljanna ta aljanna'' |Pedro Makantasis | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|1998}} |''Bajamar'' | | | |- |''An sayar da shi kuma sanyi'' | | | |- |{{Center|2000}} |''Azurfa da aka ƙone'' |El Nene | | |- |{{Center|2001}} |''Ba a shafa ba'' |Tomás | | |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2002}} |''A cikin birni mara iyaka'' |Victor | | |- |''[[Nowhere (2002 film)|Babu A Wuri]]'' |Paolo Brandi | | |- |''Muradin'' |Pablo | | |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2003}} |''Utopia'' |Adrián | | |- |''Carmen'' |José | | |- |''Cleopatra'' |Carlos | | |- |{{Center|2004}} |''Mace da Whale'' |Emilio | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2005}} |''[[La mitad negada|Rabin da aka ƙi]]'' | | | |- |''Ba a ɓoye'' |Alex | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2006}} |''Salvador (Puig Antich) '' |Yesu | | |- |''[[De bares|Bares]]'' | | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2007}} |''Mai fafatawa'' |Martín Circo Martín | | |- |''Sarkin dutse'' |Quim | | |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2008}} |''Violanchelo'' |Dokta Marquez | | |- |''Santos'' |Arturo Antares | | |- |''Jaridar wata yarinya'' |Jaime | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2009}} |''Gwauraye na Alhamis'' |Ronnie | | |- |''[[El corredor nocturno|Mai gudu da dare]]'' |Lopez | | |- |{{Center|2010}} |''Ba tare da dawowa ba'' |Federico Samaniego | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2011}} |''Filin'' |Santiago | | |- |''Mai tsere'' |Alonso | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2012}} |''Red Haske'' |Leonardo Palladino | | |- |''Ragowar'' |Daniyel | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2014}} |''Labaran daji'' |Diego Iturralde | | |- |''Yankin waje'' |Manufar | | |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2016}} |'' [[The Silence of the Sky|Shiru na Sama]]'' |Mario | | |- |''A ƙarshen ramin'' |Joaquin | | |- |''Jinin a baki'' |Ramón Alvia | | |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2017}} |''Black Snow'' |Markus | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Jonathan|last=Holland|date=28 April 2017|title=‘Black Snow’ (‘Nieve Negra’): Film Review|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/black-snow-review-998533/}}</ref>}} |- |Wani ɗan'uwa (The Lost Brother) |Duarte | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.scielo.br/j/alea/a/Hfktmn8yzcG9jjcDCmKRCbv/?lang=es&format=pdf|title=El otro hermano, animalidad, razón utilitaria y política como pilares constructivos del noir en la actualidad|first=Roman Pablo|last=Setton|journal=Alea: Estudos Neolatinos |location=Rio de Janeiro|volume=20|issue=1|year=2018|doi=10.1590/1517-106X/2018201110124|doi-access=free|hdl=11336/98146|hdl-access=free|pages=113}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2018}} |El desentierro (The Uncovering) |Pau | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aisge.es/estrenos-del-16-de-noviembre-el-desentierro|title=Los estrenos del 16 de noviembre. 'El desentierro'. Cuentas pendientes con el pasado|first=Alberto|last=Úbeda-Portugués|website=Aisge|date=14 November 2018}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2019}} |''Jinƙai da ɗaukaka'' |Federico | | |- |''Cibiyar Wasp'' | | | |- |{{Center|2020}} |''Asalin da ba a sani ba'' |Paco | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hobbyconsolas.com/listas/mejores-referencias-frikis-origenes-secretos-netflix-709543|website=[[HobbyConsolas]]|title=Las mejores referencias frikis de Orígenes secretos de Netflix|first=Piedad|last=Milicua|date=2 September 2020}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2021}} |''Zuciya mai yawo'' (Wandering Heart) |Santiago | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanouvellerepublique.fr/a-la-une/cinema-coeur-errant-les-errances-d-un-pere-homo-en-pleine-crise-de-la-quarantaine|website=[[La Nouvelle République du Centre-Ouest]]|title=Cinéma : "Coeur errant" les errances d'un père homo en pleine crise de la quarantaine|date=5 April 2023|first=Jacques|last=Brinaire}}</ref>}} |- |''Farin Ciki'' |Simon | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aisge.es/los-estrenos-del-10-de-diciembre-alegria|website=Aisge|title=Los estrenos del 10 de diciembre. 'Alegría' La unión de las mujeres|first=Alberto|last=Úbeda-Portugués|date=8 December 2021}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2023}} |''Blondi'' |Eduardo | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ladiaria.com.uy/cultura/articulo/2023/7/la-pelicula-blondi-y-su-maternidad-diferente/|first=Andrea|last=Bertino|date=7 July 2023|title=La película Blondi y su maternidad diferente|website=[[La Diaria]]}}</ref>}} |- |''Puan'' |Rafael Sujarchuk | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://es.rollingstone.com/arg-puan-resena-cine/|website=[[Rolling Stone (magazine)|Rolling Stone]]|title=El estreno de Puan: comedia intelectual, educación pública y premios en San Sebastián|first=Bartolomé|last=Armentano|date=5 October 2023}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2024}} |''Mutumin da ke son farantin da ke tashi'' (The Man Who Loved UFOs) |{{Interlanguage link|José de Zer|es}} | |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/cultura/2024/07/30/la-pelicula-de-diego-lerman-sobre-jose-de-zer-competira-en-san-sebastian/|website=[[Infobae]]|title=La película de Diego Lerman sobre José de Zer competirá en San Sebastián|date=30 July 2024}}</ref>}} |} === Talabijin === * Ƙarshen Rana (1987) * A baya (1990) * ''Soyayya'' (1991) * Mai Girma da Mai Girma (1991) * ''Babban wasan kwaikwayo'' (1991) * Wasiƙun soyayya a cassette (1993) * ''Daga mawaki da mahaukaci'' (1996) * ''Mai ba da tabbaci'' (1997) * ''Casablanca'' (1998) * Bajamar, bakin teku na shiru (1998) * Argentine na tattoo (1999) * ''Lokaci na ƙarshe'' (2000) * ''A gefen doka'' (2005) * ''Epitafios'' (2009) * ''Masu yaudara'' (2009) * ''Abin da lokaci ya bar mana'' (2010) * ''Wata biyu'' (2013) * ''A cikin magani'' (2012-2014) * Dukkanin suna yin ƙarya (2022) <ref name="vertele">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2021 |title=Movistar concluye el rodaje de 'Todos mienten', su nuevo thriller coral creado por Pau Freixas |url=https://vertele.eldiario.es/noticias/movistar-concluye-rodaje-todos-mienten-nuevo-thriller-coral-creado-por-pau-freixas_1_7403807.html |website=Vertele! |publisher=[[eldiario.es]]}}</ref> * Elite (2023-2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Álvarez |first=Inés |date=19 October 2023 |title=¿Quiénes son y de qué conocemos a los nuevos actores de 'Élite 7'? |url=https://www.elperiodico.com/es/series/20231019/estreno-elite-temporada-7-netflix-quienes-son-nuevos-actores-93539427 |website=[[El Periódico de Catalunya]] |publisher=[[Prensa Ibérica]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}} |- |{{Center|2001}} |{{Sort|Silver Condor 49|49th [[Silver Condor Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Kudin da aka ƙone''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldia.com/nota/2001-5-29-hoy-entregan-los-premios-del-cine-argentino|website=[[El Día (La Plata)|El Día]]|title=Hoy entregan los premios del cine argentino|date=29 May 2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ambito.com/espectaculos/nueve-reinas-gano-el-condor-n3120268|website=[[Ámbito Financiero]]|date=31 May 2001|first=Paraná|last=Sendrós|title="Nueve reinas" ganó el Cóndor}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2002}} |{{Sort|Goya 16|[[16th Goya Awards]]}} |Mafi Kyawun Sabon Actor |''Ba a taɓa shafa ba''|| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref name="goyas19872013">{{Citation |url=https://www.accioncultural.es/virtuales/premiosgoya/pdf/catalogo_expo_Goya_1987_2013.pdf|title=Viaje al cine español. 25 años de los Premios Goya|isbn=978-84-9785-791-8|year=2011|publisher=Lunwerg|pages=285; 291}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2004}} |{{Sort|Silver Condor 52|52nd [[Silver Condor Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''A cikin Birni Ba tare da Ƙayyadaddun ba''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/cine/candidatos-al-condor-de-plata-nid561805/|website=[[La Nación]]|date=8 January 2004|title=Candidatos al Cóndor de Plata}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldia.com/nota/2004-5-6--valentin-la-mas-premiada-en-los-condor-de-plata|date=6 May 2004|website=[[El Día (La Plata)|El Día]]|title="Valentín", la más premiada en los Cóndor de Plata}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2007}} |{{Sort|Goya 21|[[21st Goya Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |''Salvador''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref name="goyas19872013" />}} |- |{{Center|2009}} |{{Sort|Sur 04|4th [[Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards|Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor | rowspan="2" |''Gwauraye na Alhamis''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/espectaculos/2-15912-2009-11-06.html|website=[[Página/12]]|date=6 November 2009|title=Anunciaron las nominaciones}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/cine/otra-noche-de-triunfos-para-la-pelicula-del-ano-nid1212439/|website=[[La Nación]]|title=Otra noche de triunfos para la película del año|date=17 December 2009|first=Marcelo|last=Stiletano}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2010}} |{{Sort|Silver Condor 58|58th [[Silver Condor Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/espectaculos/2-18217-2010-06-07.html|website=[[Página/12]]|date=7 June 2010|title=La fiesta del cine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ambito.com/espectaculos/el-secreto-sus-ojos-arraso-los-condor-plata-n3626513|website=[[Ámbito Financiero]]|title="El secreto de sus ojos" arrasó con los Cóndor de Plata|date=8 June 2010}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|International Emmy 38|[[38th International Emmy Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Epitafios''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publico.es/actualidad/sbaraglia-y-meirelles-finalistas-emmy.html|website=[[Público (Spain)|Público]]|date=4 October 2020|title=Sbaraglia y Meirelles, finalistas a los Emmy Internacionales más latinos}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|website=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/the-uk-leads-international-emmy-award-winners-2141590.html|title=The UK leads International Emmy Award winners|date=23 November 2010}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Sur 05|5th [[Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards|Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Babu Komawa''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/espectaculos/cine/candidatos-Premios-Sur_0_Hye-ksTwmx.html|website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]|title=Los candidatos a los Premios Sur|date=4 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/tvshow/la-academia-argentina-del-cine-dio-sus-premios|website=[[El País (Uruguay)|El País]]|date=17 December 2010|title=La academia argentina del cine dio sus premios}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2014}} |{{Sort|Sur 09|9th [[Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards|Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Labaran daji''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[Página/12]]|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/diario/suplementos/espectaculos/5-33541-2014-10-01.html|title=En busca del Oscar y el Goya|date=1 October 2014|first=Oscar|last=Ranzani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.losandes.com.ar/-relatos-salvajes-gano-el-premio-sur-a-la-mejor-pelicula-de-2014-823046/|website=[[Los Andes (Argentine newspaper)|Los Andes]]|date=3 December 2014|title="Relatos salvajes", ganó el Premio Sur a la Mejor Película de 2014}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2015}} |{{Sort|Silver Condor 63|63rd [[Silver Condor Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Yankin waje''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/todos-los-nominados-a-los-premios-condor-de-plata-2015-nid1775215/|website=[[La Nación]]|date=11 March 2015|title=Todos los nominados a los Premios Cóndor de Plata 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tn.com.ar/show/novedades/2015/06/23/la-noche-del-cine-argentino-los-ganadores-de-los-condor-de-plata/|website=[[TN (TV channel)|tn.com]]|title=La noche del cine argentino: los ganadores de los Cóndor de Plata|date=23 June 2015}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Platino 02|[[2nd Platino Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''Labaran daji''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]|url=https://elcomercio.pe/luces/cine/premios-platino-son-nominados-edicion-2015-367191-noticia/|title=Premios Platino: estos son los nominados de la edición 2015|date=27 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|website=[[Cinemanía]]|url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/premios-platino-2015-palmares-completo-39423/|title=Premios Platino 2015: Palmarés completo|date=19 July 2015}}</ref>}} |- |{{Center|2017}} |{{Sort|Sur 11th|11th [[Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards|Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor |''A Ƙarshen Ramin''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rosario3.com/ocio/Premios-Sur-ocho-nominaciones-para-Al-final-del-tunel-20161203-0022.html|website=Rosario3|title=Premios Sur: ocho nominaciones para Al final del túnel|date=3 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/cine/premios-sur-2017-como-fue-la-ceremonia-y-quienes-fueron-los-grandes-ganadores-nid2000756/|website=[[La Nación]]|title=Premios Sur 2017: cómo fue la ceremonia y quiénes fueron los grandes ganadores|date=29 March 2017}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2018}} |{{Sort|Silver Condor 66|66th [[Silver Condor Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor | rowspan="2" |''Ɗan'uwan da ya ɓace''|| {{Won|{{Tooltip|Won|tied with Jorge Marrale ("Maracaibo")}}}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/cine/condor-de-plata-2018-todos-los-ganadores-nid2162165/|website=[[La Nación]]|title=Cóndor de Plata 2018: todos los ganadores|date=14 August 2018}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Sur 12th|12th [[Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards|Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/cine/candidatos-premios-sur_0_H1pqo8QyG.html|website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]|date=10 November 2017|title=Los candidatos a los Premios Sur}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.clarin.com/espectaculos/cine/zama-arraso-premios-sur-2017_0_H1A5uI_OX.html|website=[[Clarín (Argentine newspaper)|Clarín]]|title=“Zama” arrasó en los Premios Sur 2017|date=13 September 2018}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="3" |{{Center|2020}} |{{Sort|Feroz 07|[[7th Feroz Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako a Fim | rowspan="3" |''Ciwo da ɗaukaka''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|url=https://www.elmundo.es/cultura/cine/2020/01/17/5e216a4e21efa0fe078b4575.html|title=Premios Feroz 2020: Lista completa de ganadores|date=17 January 2020}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Goya 34|[[34th Goya Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elmundo.es/cultura/premios-goya/2020/01/25/5e2ad93121efa066068b458f.html|website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|date=26 January 2020|title=Ganadores de los Premios Goya 2020: lista completa}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Actors and Actresses Union 29|[[29th Actors and Actresses Union Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor na Fim a Ƙananan Matsayi|| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/rtve/20200310/dolor-gloria-estoy-vivo-rtve-triunfan-premios-union-actores-actrices/2007840.shtml|website=[[rtve.es]]|date=10 March 2020|title='Dolor y gloria' y 'Estoy vivo', de RTVE, triunfan en los XXIX Premios de la Unión de Actores y Actrices}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2022}} |{{Sort|Sur 16|16th [[Argentine Academy of Cinematography Arts and Sciences Awards|Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor | rowspan="2" |''Zuciya mai yawo''|| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infobae.com/teleshow/2022/08/30/se-entregaron-los-premios-sur-distincion-de-honor-a-graciela-borges-y-karnawal-la-gran-ganadora-de-la-noche/|website=[[Infobae]]|title=Se entregaron los Premios Sur: distinción de honor a Graciela Borges y Karnawal, la gran ganadora de la noche|date=30 August 2022}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Silver Condor 70|70th [[Silver Condor Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Actor|| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|website=[[La Nación]]|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/cine/premios-condor-de-plata-todos-los-ganadores-y-los-looks-de-la-ceremonia-nid04102022/|title=Premios Cóndor de Plata: todos los ganadores y los looks de la ceremonia|date=4 October 2022}}</ref>}} |- | rowspan="2" |{{Center|2024}} |{{Sort|Platino 11|[[11th Platino Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako | rowspan="2" |''Puan''|| {{Nom}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.20minutos.es/cinemania/noticias/premios-platino-2024-palmares-ganadores-sociedad-nieve-5238097/|website=[[Cinemanía]]|via=[[20minutos.es]]|title=Premios Platino 2024 {{!}} Palmarés completo: el triunfo de 'La sociedad de la nieve' y todos los ganadores de la noche|date=21 April 2024}}</ref>}} |- |{{Sort|Sur 18|[[18th Sur Awards]]}} |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako|| {{Won}} |{{Center|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/espectaculos/cine/premios-sur-la-lista-completa-con-todos-los-ganadores-en-la-gran-noche-del-cine-argentino-nid27082024/|website=[[La Nación]]|title=Premios Sur: la lista completa con todos los ganadores en la gran noche del cine argentino|date=27 August 2024}}</ref>}} |} '''Kyautar Martín Fierro''' {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Sashe !Fim din !Kyautar |- |1997 |Mafi kyawun Actor a cikin Jerin Wasan kwaikwayo |''Mai ba da tabbaci'' | style="background:#dfd;" |Wanda ya ci nasara |- |1997 |Mafi kyawun Mai Taimako |''A cikin magani'' | style="background:#dfd;" |Wanda ya ci nasara |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|0768614|Leonardo Sbaraglia}} * Leonardo SbaragliaaCinenacional.com (a cikin Mutanen Espanya) (Abin da ya fi dacewa da shi) Tarihi) [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] ec5r5qcnpwzjxo7w4ovtuks13p82djl 0 96481 828238 609991 2026-05-01T05:59:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lydia Seyram Alhassan''' (an haife ta 31 ga Janairu 1970) 'yar siyasa ce [[Ghana|'yar kasar Ghana]] kuma mamba ce a majalisar dokoki ta bakwai a jamhuriya ta hudu ta Ghana mai wakiltar mazabar Ayawaso ta yamma Wuogon a [[yankin Greater Accra]] a kan tikitin sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party . <ref>{{Cite web |title=NPP's Lydia Alhassan wins controversial Ayawaso West Wuogon by-election by landslide |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NPP-s-Lydia-Alhassan-wins-controversial-Ayawaso-West-Wuogon-by-election-by-landslide-719809 |access-date=2019-02-17 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2020-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128234219/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/NPP-s-Lydia-Alhassan-wins-controversial-Ayawaso-West-Wuogon-by-election-by-landslide-719809 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lydia Seyram Alhassan, Biography |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Lydia-Seyram-Alhassan-3004 |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=GhanaWeb.}}</ref> == Ilimi == Ta yi MBA a fannin Talla daga [[Jami'ar Ghana|Jami'ar Kasuwancin Ghana]] da kuma digiri na digiri a Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Maa Lydia, Agyarko's widow and Ayawaso West Wuogon NPP parliamentary candidate |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Profile-of-Maa-Lydia-Agyarko-s-widow-and-Ayawaso-West-Wuogon-NPP-parliamentary-candidate-711923 |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=GhanaWeb. |language=en}}</ref> == Siyasa == A watan Janairun 2019, Alhassan ya tsaya takarar dan majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Ayawaso ta Yamma a Wuogon. Ta yi takarar ne a kan tikitin jam’iyyar New Patriotic Party (NPP), kuma ta gaji marigayi mijinta Emmanuel Boakye Agyarko. Ta lashe zaben ne da kashi 68.80 na yawan kuri'un da aka kada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-08 |title=Dumelo loses; Lydia Alhassan retains Ayawaso West Wuogon seat |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/12/dumelo-loses-lydia-alhassan-retains-ayawaso-west-wuogon-seat/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=MyJoyOnline – Ghana News {{!}} Ghana's most comprehensive website. Independent, Fearless and Credible journalism |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en}}</ref> Sauran ‘yan takarar, Kwasi Delali Brempong na jam’iyyar adawa ta NDC ya samu kashi 30.52, William Kofi Dowokpor na jam’iyyar Progressive People’s Party (PPP) ya samu kashi 0.58, Clement Boadi na jam’iyyar Liberal Party of Ghana (LPG) ya samu kashi 0.10 cikin 100. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-31 |title=Lydia Alhassan wins Ayawaso West Wuogon by-election |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-lydia-alhassan-wins-ayawaso-west-wuogon-by-election.html |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lydia Alhassan wins Ayawaso West Wuogon by-election |url=https://ghananewsagency.org/politics/lydia-alhassan-wins-ayawaso-west-wuogon-by-election-144756 |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=ghana news agency.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NPP's Lydia Alhassan Wins Ayawaso West Wuogon Seat By Landslide |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201901/374075.php |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=peace fm online |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021210520/http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201901/374075.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-01 |title=Lydia Alhassan declared winner of Ayawaso West Wuogon by-election |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/politics/lydia-alhassan-declared-winner-of-ayawaso-west-wuogon-by-election/jn6wh6g |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-31 |title=NPP's Lydia Alhassan wins controversial Ayawaso West Wuogon by-election by landslide |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/01/npps-lydia-alhassan-wins-controversial-ayawaso-west-wuogon-by-election-by-landslide/ |access-date=2019-11-14 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi nasarar tsayawa takara a babban zaben Ghana na 2020 a karkashin tikitin jam'iyyar New Patriotic Party kuma ta samu nasara a kan fitaccen dan kasar Ghana kuma dan takarar NDC John Dumelo, inda ta samu kuri'u 9,851 na sahihin kuri'un da aka kada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ayawaso West Wuogon: Lydia Alhassan defeats John Dumelo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ayawaso-west-wuogon-lydia-alhassan-defeats-john-dumelo.html?fbclid=IwAR0kRLuwEaK66s1-87WT_pYJhy-URjLnRfePHOpRQDoEnATR5nDPOJStDg8|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/John-Dumelo-tastes-defeat-NDC-contesting-results-declared-by-the-EC-1128935|title=John Dumelo tastes defeat, NDC contesting results declared by the EC|publisher=GhanaWeb|date=December 8, 2020|accessdate=December 8, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=John Dumelo lost Ayawaso West Wuogon Constituency to Lydia|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-55226446|access-date=2020-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=John Dumelo for Ayawaso West Wuogon constituency? Social media reacts |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/composition/comp-news/hp-news-8/john-dumelo-for-ayawaso-west-wuogon-constituency-social-media-reacts/ |access-date=2020-12-08 |website=MyJoyOnline |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Karrama na baya-bayan nan da Hon. Lydia Alhassan ta samu saboda ayyukanta na ci gaban kasar sune lambar yabo ta Ghana Parma Awards' Woman of Excellence Award daga 2017 da lambar yabo ta shekarar 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Hon. Lydia Seyram Alhassan Appointed To Serve On The Energy Commission Board |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/202108/451114.php |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A babban zaben Ghana na 2024, Alhassan ya doke John Dumelo da kuri'u 47,560 da Dumelo ya samu kuri'u 39,214. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=John Dumelo wins Ayawaso West Wuogon seat |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/politics/john-dumelo-wins/2024/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ta yi aure da marigayi dan siyasa Emmanuel Boakye Agyarko har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-22 |title=MP Kyeremateng Agyarko died of gallbladder cancer – Boakye Agyarko |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/MP-Kyeremateng-Agyarko-died-of-gallbladder-cancer-Boakye-Agyarko-702979 |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-22 |title=‘My brother’s health worsened in three months’ – Boakye Agyarko reveals |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/11/my-brothers-health-worsened-in-three-months-boakye-agyarko-reveals/ |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=annan |first=e |date=2018-11-23 |title=Boakye Agyarko narrates how his brother lost his life |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/boakye-agyarko-narrates-how-his-brother-lost-his-life/hnxpb6b |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Tears Flow For Agyarko |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/201811/368618.php |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Peacefmonline. - Ghana news |archive-date=2023-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010171918/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/news/201811/368618.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{reflist|2}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] moj53u8lsvegw1zqc9xujat1sne7jxw 0 96905 828225 601246 2026-05-01T04:20:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Luciana Duranti''' masaniyar ilimin tarihi ce kuma Farfesa Emerita a kan nadin bayan ritaya a fannonin kimiyyar tarihi da diflomasiyya a Jami'ar British Columbia School of Information (iSchool) a [[Vancouver|Vancouver, Kanada]] . Ita sananniyar masani ce kan diflomasiyya da bayanan lantarki. Tun daga shekara ta 1998, ta kasance darakta na aikin bincike na rikodin lantarki, InterPARES (Binciken Duniya kan Rubuce-rubucen Gaskiya na Dindindin a cikin Tsarin Lantarki). <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Luciana Duranti |url=http://www.lucianaduranti.ca/ |access-date=28 November 2015 |publisher=UBC}}</ref> Ta bayyana manufar haɗin ajiya wanda masanin tarihin Italiya Giorgio Cencetti ya fara a shekarar 1937.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Duranti |first=Luciana |year=1997 |title=The Archival Bond |journal=Archives and Museum Informatics |volume=11 |issue=3/4 |pages=213–218 |doi=10.1023/A:1009025127463}}</ref> == Ilimi == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |title=iSchool Directory {{!}} Information School {{!}} University of Washington |url=https://ischool.uw.edu/people/faculty/profile/ld9 |access-date=2019-12-11 |website=ischool.uw.edu |language=en}}</ref> * Dokta na girmamawa na Kimiyya, Jami'ar Mid Sweden, 2019 * BA, Harshe na Faransanci, Makarantar Harshe ta Duniya da wayewar Faransanci. * Diploma di Archivistica (Maigidan daidai), Scuola dell"Archivio di Stato di Roma, 1979 * Ph D, Archivista-Paleografo, Scuola Speciale don Archivisti da Librari, Jami'ar Roma, 1975 * Dottoressa a cikin Lettere (Maigidan Maigida, Arts), Università di Roma, 1973 == Haɗin kai == Duranti ta yi aiki da Ƙungiyar Masu Tsaro ta Kanada da Ƙungiyar masu Tsaro ta Amurka a wurare da yawa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Society of American Archivists daga 1998 zuwa 1999 <ref name="saa">{{Cite web |title=Presidents of SAA |url=http://www2.archivists.org/history/leaders/presidents |access-date=28 November 2015}}</ref> da kuma Association of Canadian Archivists manipud 2017 zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Luciana Duranti elected next ACA President {{!}} iSchool (Library, Archival and Information Studies) |url=https://slais.ubc.ca/2016/06/dr-luciana-duranti-elected-next-aca-president/ |access-date=2019-10-01 |website=slais.ubc.ca}}</ref> Ita ce Babban Mai Bincike don bincike da yawa, gami da Records in the Cloud Project . <ref>{{Cite web |title=InterPARES - Records in the Cloud |url=http://www.recordsinthecloud.org/ritc/aboutus}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin co-shugaba na Kwamitin Gudanarwa a kan Tarihin Kanada. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Luciana Duranti |url=http://www.lucianaduranti.ca/ |access-date=28 November 2015 |publisher=UBC}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Fellow, Ƙungiyar Masu adana Tarihi ta Kanada, 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=ACA Award Recipients |url=https://archivists.ca/resources/Documents/Awards%20and%20Fundraising/201904_Award%20Recipients-updated%20from%202017_biographies.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Association of Canadian Archivists}}</ref> * Kyautar Emmett Leahy, 2006 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leahy |first=Professional Award-Emmett |title=Trudy Huskamp Peterson Winner of the 2018 Emmett Leahy Award |url=https://emmettleahyaward.org/2006-luciana-duranti |access-date=2019-10-01 |website=Professional Award - Emmett Leahy |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530153759/https://emmettleahyaward.org/2006-luciana-duranti |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Fellow, Society of American Archivists, 1998 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Members of Distinguished Fellows of SAA |url=https://mysaa.archivists.org/DynamicTemplate?id=a0O0b00000Z9BeSEAV&param1=a0O0b00000Z9BeSEAV&renderAs=pdf&templateName=Committee+Roster |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Society of American Archivists}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka zaɓa == Duranti ta wallafa ayyuka da yawa a cikin diflomasiyya da ka'idar ajiya kuma ta gabatar da ra'ayoyinta da bincike a tarurruka da tarurruka a duk duniya.<ref name=":0"/> * {{Cite book}} * {{Cite book|edition=Patrica}} * {{Cite book|edition=Corinna}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tiqrxmg90bwujj18h90f8qzj4hyg77y 0 100372 828221 710319 2026-05-01T03:06:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[Loren MacIver]]''' (Fabrairu 2, 1909 &#x2013; Mayu 3, 1998) yar wasan kwaikwayo, Ba'amurkiya ce kuma mace ta farko da aka wakilta a cikin tarihin din-din-din na Museum of Modern Art . == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Loren MacIver sa [[New York]] a shekara ta 1909. Mahaifinta, Charles Augustus Paul Newman, likita ne, kuma mahaifiyarta Julia McIvers, wadda ta adana sunanta amma ta canza. Tana da shekara goma, ta halarci azuzuwan zane-zane na Asabar a Art Students League of [[New York]], sannna tana daga cikin yan Ƙungiyar Ɗaliban Fasaha . Ta yi iƙirarin cewa halartar waɗannan azuzuwan a shekara ɗaya kawai ita ce kawai karatun jami'a da ta samu gabaɗayan aikinta. <ref name="schlossman2">{{Cite journal |last=Schlossman |first=Jenni L. |date=2000-01-01 |title=Loren MacIver: Turning the Ordinary into the Extraordinary |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=11–1 |doi=10.2307/1358864 |jstor=1358864}}</ref> A 1929 ta auri mawaki kuma mai sukar Lloyd Frankenburg S<ref name="schlossman">{{Cite journal |last=Schlossman |first=Jenni L. |date=2000-01-01 |title=Loren MacIver: Turning the Ordinary into the Extraordinary |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=11–1 |doi=10.2307/1358864 |jstor=1358864}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schlossman |first=Jenni L. |date=2000 |title=Loren MacIver: Turning the Ordinary into the Extraordinary |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=11–1 |doi=10.2307/1358864 |issn=0270-7993 |jstor=1358864}}</ref> == Aiki == Ayyukan MacIver sun bambanta daga dabi'a zuwa m, amma daidaitacce a duk lokacin aikinta shine fasahar da ta nuna haske. Ta fara nuna aikinta a nune-nunen rukuni a cikin ƴan gidajen tarihi da ƙungiyoyin fasaha daga shekara ta 1933 zuwa 1937. Ta yi aiki da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tarayya / Ayyukan Ci gaban Ayyuka (FAP/WPA). <ref name="schlossman"/> Daraktan FAP / WPA, Holger Cahill, ya rubuta game da aikin MacIver tana cewa, "A cikin haɗuwa da bukatun duniya na gaskiya da kuma duniyar jin daɗi, aikin Miss MacIver tana da ƙima sosai, kuma tana jin daɗi a cikin m, keɓaɓɓen magana". <ref name="schlossman" /> Ta girma cikin salon fasaharta na sirri. Ta bayyana ƙwarewarta a cikin shekara ta 1946: "Abubuwa masu sauƙi suna iya haifar da ganowa. Wannan shine abin da zan so a yi tare da zane-zane: farawa da abubuwa masu sauƙi don jagorantar ido ta hanyar mabudi daban-daban na launuka, abubuwa da tashin hankali zuwa canji da walwala ". Har ma an nuna aikinta a cikin shahararrun mujallu kamar <nowiki><i id="mwNQ">Fortune</i></nowiki> (1944) da <nowiki><i id="mwNw">Town &</nowiki>amp; Country<nowiki></i></nowiki> (1947). <ref name="schlossman" /> A cikin shekarar 1947 – 1948, an ba ta kwamishinar bangon bango don ƙawata falon aji na farko na layin alatu na SS Argentina da ɗakunan cin abinci na jiragen ruwa na Layukan Fitar da Amurka . <ref name="schlossman" /> An yaba wa aikin MacIver sosai a lokacin rayuwarta, a cikin wata ƙasida ''ta New York Times'' ta hanyar shigar da abubuwan Faransanci a cikin aikinta an ba da haske, "Miss MacIver, kuma Ba'amurke da ta yi rayuwa shekaru da yawa a Faransa, mai fasaha ce a cikin hakkinta kuma ta kasance fitaccen mai iya ɗaukar kayan Faransanci, haɗawa da ƙirƙirar dandano, salo, da hangen nesa daga cikinsu. A cikin shekarunta na baya a cikin shekara ta 1970s, ta fara sake fassara jigogi da suka gabata kuma aikinta ba a ɗauka ba sabon abu bane kuma Pierre Matisse Gallery ya rage aikinta. Bayan mutuwar mijinta a shekara ta 1975, ta yi zane kaɗan amma ta ci gaba da nuna wasu sassanta a cikin gidajen zane-zane. Sa'an nan a cikin shekara ta 1998, Tibor de Nagy Gallery ya rataye nunin aikinta na farko watanni kafin mutuwarta. <ref name="maciver" /> Wannan shine abin da zan so in yi da zanen: farawa da abubuwa masu sauƙi, don jagorantar ido ta hanyoyi daban- ''daban'' na launuka, abubuwa da tashin hankali zuwa ga canji da lada" ta hanyar wasa tare da sassauƙan zane-zane, ta sami damar kewaye su duka don ƙirƙirar wani abu da zai sa mai kallo ya fahimci wani sabon abu. ya daɗe yana haɗuwa da soufflés da miya béarnaise na futurism, sur realism and cubism, da kuma ƙara fiye da ƙwaƙƙwarar ra'ayi" MacIver gwani ne a kasuwancinta, kuma waɗanda ke kewaye da ita sun shaida shi MacIver ita ce mace ta farko da aka wakilta a cikin tarihin dindindin na Museum of Modern Art, ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta da darekta Alfred H. Barr, Jr. ya samu a shekarar 1935. <ref name="Alexandre Gallery">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver - Artists & Work |url=https://www.alexandregallery.com/artists-work/loren-maciver |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Alexandre Gallery}}</ref> Ayyukan MacIver suna cikin tarin dindindin na cibiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da Addison Gallery of American Art, <ref name="Addison Gallery">{{Cite web |title=The Sidewalk |url=https://accessaddison.andover.edu/objects-1/info?query=Exhibition%20%3D%20%22869%22&sort=0 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy}}</ref> Cibiyar Fasaha ta Chicago, <ref name="Art Institute of Chicago">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver |url=https://www.artic.edu/artists/15867/loren-maciver |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=The Art Institute of Chicago |language=en}}</ref> Baltimore Museum of Art, <ref name="Baltimore Museum of Art">{{Cite web |title=Au Revoir Paris |url=https://collection.artbma.org/objects/38016/au-revoir-paris |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Baltimore Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn, <ref name="Fire Escape">{{Cite web |title=Fire Escape |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/65612 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Brooklyn Museum |archive-date=17 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117013143/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/65612 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hirshhorn Museum da Sculpture Garden, <ref name="Smithsonian Institution">{{Cite web |title=Irish Landscape |url=https://www.si.edu/es/object/irish-landscape:hmsg_66.3174 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Smithsonian Institution |language=es}}</ref> [[Los Angeles]] County Museum of Art, <ref name="Metropolitan Museum of Art">{{Cite web |title=Paris |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/488300 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref> <ref name="LACMA Collections">{{Cite web |title=Violet Hour |url=https://collections.lacma.org/node/229173 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=LACMA Collections}}</ref> Tarihi na Art , Chicago, Gidan Tarihi na Art Contery <ref name="MCA">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver |url=https://mcachicago.org/About/Who-We-Are/Artists/Loren-Mac-Iver |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=MCA}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani, <ref name="MoMA">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver |url=https://www.moma.org/artists/3668 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa, Washington, DC, <ref name="National Gallery of Art">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver |url=https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.4775.html |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=National Gallery of Art}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Philadelphia, <ref name="PAFA">{{Cite web |date=28 December 2014 |title=Loren MacIver, "Oil Slick" (1949) |url=https://www.pafa.org/museum/collection/item/oil-slick |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Phillips, <ref name="Phillips Collection">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver |url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/loren-maciver |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Phillips Collection |language=en}}</ref> Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi na San Francisco, <ref name="SFMOMA">{{Cite web |title=MacIver, Loren |url=https://www.sfmoma.org/artist/Loren_MacIver/ |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=SFMOMA}}</ref> Walker Art Center, <ref name="Walker Art Center">{{Cite web |title=Paris |url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artworks/paris |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Walker Art Center}}</ref> Gidan kayan tarihi na Whitney na Art American Art, <ref name="Whitney Museum of American Art">{{Cite web |title=Loren MacIver |url=https://whitney.org/artists/818 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Whitney Museum of American Art |language=en}}</ref> da Jami'ar Yale Art . <ref name="Yale University Art Gallery">{{Cite web |title=The Streets Turn Young With Rain |url=https://artgallery.yale.edu/collections/objects/53024 |access-date=17 January 2023 |website=Yale University Art Gallery}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> == Kara karantawa == * MacIver, Loren; Pierre Matisse Gallery (New York, NY) (1970-01-01). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/157557 ''Loren MacIver; zane-zane na kwanan nan.''] [New York]. * MacIver, Loren; Frankenberg, Lloyd; Alexander Gallery (New York, NY) (2002-01-01). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49214491 ''Loren MacIver: shekarun Matisse na farko.''] New York: Alexandre Gallery. * MacIver, Loren; Frash, Robert M; Newport Harbor Art Museum (1983-01-01). <cite class="citation book cs1">[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10001458 ''Loren MacIver, shekaru biyar: &#x5B; nunin &#x5D; Newport Harbor Art Museum, Newport Beach, California, Afrilu 14-Yuni 12, 1983''] .</cite> <cite class="citation book cs1">Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na OCLC&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/10001458 10001458] .</cite> Newport Beach, Calif.: Gidan Tarihi. * Baur, John I. H; MacIver, Loren; Pereira, I. Shinkafa; Gidan kayan tarihi na Whitney na Fasaha na Amurka; Cibiyar Fasaha ta Des Moines; Gidan kayan gargajiya na San Francisco; Dallas Museum of Fine Arts (1953-01-01). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/15563997 ''Loren MacIver, I. Rice Pereira''] . New York: Gidan kayan tarihi na Whitney na Art American. * MacIver, Loren; Tibor de Nagy Gallery (1998-01-01). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38863996 ''Loren MacIver: a baya.''] New York: Tibor de Nagy Gallery.{{ISBN|1891123009}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1891123009|1891123009]] . == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline|Loren MacIver}} * [http://www.moma.org/collection/artists/3668 Loren MacIver at the Museum of Modern Art] [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1909]] eyfc75yc7uvku9np8fz3kn47uae8iy6 0 100410 828070 755350 2026-04-30T18:25:43Z BnHamid 12586 828070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Amos Claudius Sawyer (15 Yuni 1945 - 16 Fabrairu 2022) ɗan siyasan Laberiya ne kuma malami wanda ya zama shugaban riƙon ƙwarya na Laberiya daga 22 Nuwamba 1990 zuwa 7 Maris 1994. Shugabanni 35 da ke wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa bakwai da ƙungiyoyi goma sha ɗaya ne suka zabe shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Honoree: Search Awards: University Honors & Awards: Indiana University |url=https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/search-awards/honoree.shtml?honoreeID=8429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716154109/https://honorsandawards.iu.edu/search-awards/honoree.shtml?honoreeID=8429 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=honorsandawards.iu.edu}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Amos Claudius Sawyer a 1945 zuwa Habila da Sarah Sawyer; 'yan uwansa sun hada da Joe Sawyer. Sawyers sun kasance fitattun dangi a gundumar Sinoe, tare da kakannin Ba-Amurke ƴancin da suka zo a matsayin 'yan mulkin mallaka zuwa abin da ake kira "Maryland a Afirka", wanda Maryland Colonization Society ta kafa. Ƙasar ta zama mai cin gashin kanta a matsayin Jamhuriyar Maryland kafin ta shiga Laberiya a 1857. Sawyer ya sami ilimi a makarantun gida kuma ya kammala karatun digiri na 1966 a Kwalejin Laberiya (yanzu Jami'ar Laberiya). Ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka don aikin digiri, inda ya sami M.A. da Ph.D. Digiri a Kimiyyar Siyasa daga Jami'ar Arewa maso Yamma a cikin Babban Birnin Chicago, Illinois Bayan dawowarsa, Dr. Sawyer yayi aiki a matsayin malami, amma kuma ya zama dan gwagwarmaya da siyasa. Ya yi takarar neman mukamin magajin garin Monrovia, babban birnin kasar, a matsayin mai zaman kansa maimakon a cikin jam'iyyar True Whig Party. Wannan na ƙarshe ya mamaye ƙasar sama da shekaru 100.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barrett |first=Lindsay |author-link=Lindsay Barrett |date=23 February 2022 |title=Amos Sawyer, 1945–2022: Liberia's Peace Seeking Leader |url=https://dailytrust.com/amos-sawyer-1945-2022-liberias-peace-seeking-leader |access-date=24 February 2022 |website=Daily Trust |archive-date=24 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224142313/https://dailytrust.com/amos-sawyer-1945-2022-liberias-peace-seeking-leader |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bayan juyin mulkin shekarar 1980, Sawyer ya koma karatu na dan wani lokaci, inda ya rike mukamin farfesa a fannin kimiyyar siyasa a jami'ar Laberiya. A cikin watan Disamba na 1980, an nada shi shugaban kwalejin ilimin zamantakewa kuma darakta mai riko na jami'a. Ya kasance memba wanda ya kafa kungiyar Movement for Justice in Africa (MOJA) kuma a shekarar 1983 ya kafa jam'iyyar Laberiya. A cikin lokacin da aka sace (da kuma kisan kai na ƙarshe) na Shugaba Samuel Doe, daga 9 ga Satumba 1990 har zuwa 22 ga Nuwamba 1990, babban ɗan gwagwarmaya Prince Johnson da abokin haɗin gwiwa Charles Taylor duk sun yi iƙirarin kan shugabancin. A karshen watan Agusta an gudanar da wani taron gaggawa a Gambiya tare da tawagar 'yan Liberiya 35 da ke wakiltar jam'iyyun siyasa bakwai da kungiyoyi goma sha daya. Sun zabi Sawyer a matsayin shugaban riko da Bishop Roland Diggs a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, don kafa gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2012 |title='Peer review' and civil society keep African leaders on their toes |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/web-features/%E2%80%98peer-review%E2%80%99-and-civil-society-keep-african-leaders-their-toes |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=Africa Renewal |language=en}}</ref> A cikin 1992, Sawyer ya rubuta The Emergence of Autocracy in Laberiya: Tragedy and Challenge, a cikin wannan littafi, ya kwatanta yadda mulkin kama-karya ya tashi daga al'adar ikon uba, tare da gata na gudanarwa ba tare da gajiyawa ba tare da tarawa a mallakin shugabanni masu ci gaba. Wannan misali na azzalumi, wanda shi kansa ba zalunci ba, ya ƙare a mulkin zalunci na soja. Irin wadannan shugabannin sun tsawaita wa’adin shekara guda na Sawyer na tsawon shekaru hudu a lokacin yakin basasar da aka gwabza da ‘yan tawaye karkashin jagorancin Taylor, Johnson, da David Nimley. A cikin 1994, Sawyer ya tilasta wa yin murabus a matsayin wani bangare na shirin samar da zaman lafiya, sannan kuma ba shugaban kasa ba ne ke rike da mukamin shugaban kasar Laberiya ba, amma shugabannin majalisar dokoki. Fada ya sake barkewa a shekarar 1996, kuma ya ci gaba a lokacin shugabancin Charles Taylor daga 1997 zuwa 2003. Sawyer ya koma Amurka na wani lokaci, an gayyace shi don yin aiki a matsayin mataimakin darekta kuma masanin bincike a Taron Bita a Ka'idar Siyasa da Nazarin Siyasa a Sashen Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Indiana da ke Bloomington, Indiana. Sawyer ya kasance shugaban hukumar gyara harkokin mulki a kasar Laberiya, wadda a baya-bayan nan ta zama hukumar gudanarwa. Littafinsa mai suna Beyond Plunder: Toward Democracy Governance in Laberiya (2005), ya binciko ci gaban dimokuradiyyar jam’iyyu da yawa a kasar. Ya goyi bayan Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a zabukan Oktoba 2005 da 2011. == Rayuwa da mutuwarsa == Sawyer ya mutu a Asibitin Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore, Maryland, a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2022, yana da shekaru 76. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Menjor |first=David S. |date=17 February 2022 |title=Liberia: Dr. Amos Sawyer, Former Interim President, Dies |url=https://www.liberianobserver.com/liberia-dr-amos-sawyer-former-interim-president-dies |access-date=17 February 2022 |website=www.liberianobserver.com |language=en |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217020529/https://www.liberianobserver.com/liberia-dr-amos-sawyer-former-interim-president-dies |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyauta da girmamawa == * An ba Sawyer kyautar Gusi Peace a shekarar 2011. == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 5stishztu51ydr9dr2qwbt7i90khhwq 0 101071 828264 733253 2026-05-01T06:39:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lúcio Rodrigo Leite Barreto de Lara''' (9 Afrilu 1929 - 27 Fabrairu 2016), wanda kuma aka sani da pseudonym '''Tchiweka''', ɗan juyin juya hali ne na Angola, masanin kimiyyar lissafi, ɗan siyasa, masanin akidar adawa da mulkin mallaka kuma ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka kafa Angola (kuma shugaba) na Popular Movement for the Liberation. Ya taɓa zama babban sakataren jam'iyyar MPLA a lokacin yakin 'yancin kai na Angola da yakin basasar Angola. Lara, wanda ya kafa MPLA, ya jagoranci membobin MPLA na farko zuwa [[Luanda]] a ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba 1974. Ya rantsar da Agostinho Neto a matsayin shugaban ƙasar na farko. Ya kasance shugaban ƙasar Angola na riƙo na tsawon kwanaki goma, daga 10 ga Satumba 1979 zuwa 20 ga Satumba 1979, a takaice ya jagoranci ƙasar tsakanin mutuwar Agostinho Neto da rantsar da José Eduardo dos Santos.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2024}}Ya kasance memba na majalisar dokokin Angola daga 'yancin kai har zuwa shekara ta 2003. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">[</span></nowiki>'' &#x5B;</sup> <ref name="Jornal de Negócios">{{Cite web |last=Lusa |date=20 February 2020 |title=João Lourenço duplica valor de subsídio de antigos presidentes da República de Angola |url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/economia/mundo/africa/angola/detalhe/joao-lourenco-duplica-valor-de-subsidio-de-antigos-presidentes-da-republica-de-angola |publisher=Jornal de Negócios}}</ref> <ref name="Pereira 2016">{{Cite web |last=Carlos Lopes Pereira |date=12 March 2016 |title=Lúcio Lara, patriota e internacionalista |url=https://pcb.org.br/portal2/10618 |publisher=Partido Comunista Brasileiro}}</ref> Shi ne babban masanin akida kuma mai tunani kan [[Ƙaddamar da kai|yancin kai]] na Angola, da kuma wani muhimmin masanin ka'idar Markisanci, <ref name="Pereira 2016"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=O adeus de um grande lutador de África |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=353107 |publisher=Jornal de Angola |access-date=31 May 2025 |archive-date=1 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501020546/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/ao/noticias/detalhes.php?id=353107 |url-status=dead }}</ref> yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan sunaye a ƙasar a ƙarni na 20. <ref name="Carlos 2004">{{Cite web |last=Severino Carlos |date=18 December 2004 |title=Fenómeno de «escuridão» é mais abrangente do que se pensa: O ocaso dos brancos e mestiços |url=https://dw.angonet.org/wp-content/uploads/2004_semanario_angolense_0.pdf |publisher=Semanário Angolense}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Lúcio Lara a birnin Caála, a lardin Huambo, a ranar 9 ga watan Afrilu 1929. Mahaifinsa ɗan kasuwa ne, mahaifiyarsa kuwa gimbiya ce ta masarautar Bailundo. <ref name="AngoNotícias">{{Cite web |date=2 March 2016 |title=Restos mortais do nacionalista Lúcio Lara serão sepultados hoje |trans-title= |url=https://www.angonoticias.com/Artigos/item/49977/restos-mortais-do-nacionalista-lucio-lara-serao-sepultados-hoje |url-status= |publisher=AngoNotícias}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2011 |title=Os Laras - antecedentes |url=https://www.arrugamao.xn--svisto-bxa.com/2011/07/os-laras-antecedentes.html |publisher=A Ruga e a Mão}}</ref> Tsakanin shekarun 1949 zuwa 1952, ya yi karatun digiri a fannin lissafi a Jami'ar Lisbon. <ref name="AngoNotícias"/> A wannan lokacin, ya zama mazaunin gidan Ɗalibai na Daular, ƙungiyar ɗalibai da ta zama cibiyar tattaunawa ta adawa da mulkin mallaka a [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]]. A cikin wannan cibiyar tattaunawa ne suka zama abokai da António Agostinho Neto (shugaban Angola na gaba). Su biyun za su kasance da alhakin samar da jigon akida na Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA). Bayan kammala karatunsa a fannin lissafi, ya fara aiki a matsayin malami a Lisbon. <ref name="AngoNotícias" /> Ya shiga Jami'ar Coimbra a shekarar 1954 don yin karatun digiri a kan ilimin kimiyyar jiki, ya yi watsi da karatunsa a shekarar 1958 ba tare da ya kammala ba. Yayin da yake shiga cikin ayyukan jam'iyyun siyasa a Lisbon, ya haɗu da Ruth Pflüger, wata matashiya Bayahudiya haifaffiyar Lisbon haifaffen ƙasar Jamus wanda ya aura a shekarar 1955. <ref name="Club K">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2016 |title=Lúcio Lara, nacionalista e co-fundador do MPLA |url=https://www.club-k.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23646:lucio-lara-nacionalista-e-co-fundador-do-mpla&catid=41004&Itemid=1079&lang=pt |publisher=Club K}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Ya kafa, tare da ɗalibai da ma'aikata masu adawa da mulkin mallaka, Clube Marítimo Africano a Lisbon, ƙungiyar nishaɗi da wasanni waɗanda kuma ta zama cibiyar muhawara game da mulkin mallaka. Clube yana da mahimmanci don kaucewa ayyukan leken asirin Portugal da sabis na bayanai da kuma hana shiga cikin wasiku. A shekara ta 1955, ya shiga jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Angolan (PCA), yayin da yake shiga cikin ayyukan jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Portugal (PCP). A shekarar 1957, ya shiga jam'iyyar MPLA (wanda aka kafa shekarar da ta gabata), ya zama babban mai akidarta, har ma ana alakanta shi da fayyace akidar Markisanci ta jam'iyyar, wacce za ta zama mafi rinjaye a halin yanzu. Ayyukan siyasarsa sun kai shi PIDE ('yan sandan siyasa na Portugal) sun bi shi. An tilasta masa ya tsere daga Lisbon tare da matarsa Ruth a cikin watan Maris 1959 zuwa [[Yammacin Jamus|Jamus ta Yamma]] sannan kuma zuwa Jamus ta Gabas. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya sake gudu zuwa [[Italiya]], lokacin da ya gano cewa akwai jami'an Portuguese da suka kutsa cikin Jamus ta Gabas don kashe shi. A Italiya, masanin falsafa [[Frantz Fanon]] ya sami mafaka ga ma'auratan a [[Tunisiya]] kuma daga baya a [[Moroko|Maroko]]. A [[Rabat|birnin Rabat]] na ƙasar Maroko, ta rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da jam'iyyar African Party for Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) don kafa ofishin MPLA na farko na ƙasa da ƙasa a [[Conakry|birnin Conakry]] na ƙasar Guinea. Ya zauna na wani lokaci a [[Gini|Guinea]] yana aiki a matsayin farfesa a fannin sinadarai. <ref name="Club K"/> An zaɓe shi a taron farko na jam'iyyar MPLA, a watan Disamba na shekarar 1962, a matsayin sakataren kungiyar da 'yan kadarori kuma a matsayin memba na kwamitin tsakiya na MPLA. <ref name="The Guardian">{{Cite web |last=Victoria Brittain |author-link=Victoria Brittain |date=2016-02-29 |title=Lúcio Lara obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/29/lucio-lara-obituary |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1963, tare da fitar da ita daga Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango/Zaire, da kuma jirgin da ta yi ta haye kogin zuwa Kongo-Brazzaville, MPLA ta faɗa cikin wani yanayi na ruɗani kuma mai yiwuwa ta daina wanzuwa idan har hazikan kungiyar Lara da dabarun siyasa ba su cece ta ba. Bayan an zaɓe shi a matsayin babban sakatare na jam'iyyar, ya koma na dindindin tare da iyalinsa zuwa [[Brazzaville]] (a cikin shekarar 1964), wanda aka ɗauke shi a matsayin kujerar wucin gadi na MPLA a lokacin yakin neman 'yancin kai na Angola. A wannan birni, ya yi aiki a matsayin malamin ilmin lissafi da sinadarai a makarantun jam’iyyar kuma ya tsara sashen ilimi da al’adun jam’iyyar MPLA, da alhakin shirya malamai da kuma kula da babban dakin karatu. <ref name="Club K"/> A ranar 8 ga watan Nuwamba 1974 Lara aka naɗa shi shugaban tawagar diflomasiyya ta MPLA don ziyarar aiki ta farko a [[Luanda]]. Daruruwan magoya bayansa ne suka tarɓe shi zuwan nasa, inda suka bi ta shingen tsare-tsare, suka mamaye titin jirgin saman Luanda a lokacin da jirgin tawagar ya sauka. Tawagar Lara ta yi aiki don shirya ziyarar Agostinho Neto zuwa Luanda, ziyarar farko ta shugaban jam'iyyar bayan juyin juya halin Carnation. Neto ya sauka a babban birnin ƙasar a ranar 4 ga watan Fabrairun 1975, wanda ma fi yawan magoya bayansa suka karɓe shi. <ref name="Club K"/> A ranar da Angola ta sami 'yancin kai, an zaɓi Lara a matsayin shugabar Majalisar Zartarwa. Ya kafa tsarin mulkin Angola a ranar 10 ga watan Nuwamba 1975. Bugu da ƙari, ya gudanar da zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na farko a Angola (kai tsaye), wanda Agostinho Neto ya lashe. A wannan rana, Lara ya rantsar da Neto a matsayin shugaban Angola na farko. Lara ya kasance shugaban majalisa har zuwa shekara ta 1977. <ref name="Club K"/> A cikin kawar da Fractionism tsakanin watan Yuni 1977 zuwa tsakiyar 1979, wanda Agostinho Neto ya ba da umarnin, an kashe "mutane da ba a bayyana adadinsu ba, wasu lokuta ana kiyasin suna cikin dubun dubatar". <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |date=2 March 2016 |year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=A outra face de Lúcio Lara: o 27 de Maio |trans-title= |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/a-outra-face-de-l%C3%BAcio-lara-o-27-de-maio/a-19088115 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website= |series= |publisher=Deutsche Welle |page= |pages= |language= |type= |format= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |id= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |agency=}}</ref> Ko da yake aikin kamawa, ɗaurin kurkuku, azabtarwa da kashe ƴan adawa, na ainihi ko tunanin, Neto ne ya ba da umarnin, kuma an yi shi ta hanyar ƙananan jami'ai, an yarda da cewa [[Ludy Kissassunda|Lara]], Ministan Tsaro Iko Carreira ne ya jagoranci aikin. A ranar 10 ga watan Disamba 1977, duk da mummunan sakamakon tsarkakewa, an sake zaɓar Lara a cikin kwamitin tsakiya na MPLA, wanda ya sanya shi zama memba na biyu mafi mahimmanci a ofishin siyasa (bayan Neto kawai) kuma mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar, wanda ke da alhakin kungiyar da kuma ɓangaren akida. <ref name="Club K"/> == Shugabancin Angola da kuma ƙarshen aikin siyasa == A ranar da Agostinho Neto ya mutu, Lara ya kasance mamba mafi girma a ofishin siyasa kuma mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar MPLA. Da wannan ne ya zaci ayyukan shugaban jam'iyyar na rikon kwarya, da kuma shugaban jam'iyyar jama'ar Angola.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2021}}Ya kira babban taron MPLA na 2 a cikin gaggawa a ranar 11 Satumba 1979, yana aiki tukuru don zaɓen José Eduardo dos Santos, wanda ya faru a <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">20</span></nowiki>'' &#x5B;</sup> watan Satumba na wannan shekarar. Ya yi watsi da duk shawarwarin da aka yi masa na karɓar ragamar shugabancin ƙasar yadda ya kamata. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agência Lusa |date=2010 |title=Angola: História política de Lúcio Lara lançada em fotobiografia |url=https://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/10611357.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165112/http://noticias.sapo.pt/lusa/artigo/10611357.html |archive-date=2018-06-17 |access-date=2018-07-29 |publisher=Notícias do Serviço de Apontadores Portugueses}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emídio Fernando |date=2016 |title=O homem que marcou o destino de Angola |url=http://novagazeta.co.ao/?p=11355 |publisher=Nova Gazeta }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Patrício Batsîkama |date=2014 |title=O testamento que validou José Eduardo dos Santos na presidência de Angola em 1979 |journal=Revista de História da África e de Estudos da Diáspora Africana |location=Sankofa |publisher=FCS/Universidade Agostinho Neto |issue=14}}</ref> <ref name="RA">{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |date=2 March 2016 |year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=Lúcio Lara entre a história e as "ausências" |trans-title= |url=http://www.redeangola.info/opiniao/lucio-lara-historia-ausencias/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=25 November 2017 |website= |series= |publisher=Rede Angola |page= |pages= |language= |type= |format= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |id= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |agency=}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1980 an sake zaɓe shi mamba a kwamitin tsakiya na MPLA, ofishin siyasa da sakataren ƙungiya. Bugu da ƙari, an zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban majalissar gudanarwa ta kamfanin dillancin labarai na Pan-African Pan-African News Agency (PanaPress), muƙamin da ya riƙe tsawon shekaru 5. A wannan shekarar, an zaɓe shi mataimakin wakilin lardin Moxico. Yayin da yake cikin wannan wa'adin, shi ne ke da alhakin kwamitin majalisar dokoki na musamman kan samar da kofi da kuma hukumar lafiya ta majalisar din-din-din. <ref name="Club K"/> A shekara ta 1985, shugaban Angola José Eduardo dos Santos ya tsige shi daga ofishin siyasa na MPLA, wanda ya rage kawai a cikin kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar, a wani abu da ake kira kawar da siyasar cikin gida ta Edwardian kan abokan adawa. A cikin watan Maris 1986, ya karbi aikin sakatare na 1 na Majalisar Dokoki ta ƙasa , wanda ya kasance har zuwa shekara ta 1992. <ref name="Club K"/> Haka kuma, a cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990, [[C.I.A|Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Amurka]] (CIA) ta sanya shi a matsayin babban abin da aka sa a gaba wajen kawar da shi tare da hambarar da shi a yakin neman zaɓen cikin gida na jam'iyyar. <ref name="The Guardian"/> Ya yanke shawarar barin rayuwar jama'a saboda dalilai na kiwon lafiya a cikin watan Nuwamba 2003, lokacin da ya yi murabus daga wa'adin majalisar da ya riƙe tun 1975. <ref name="Embaixada AO PT 2016">{{Cite web |date=February 2016 |title=Angola perdeu uma referência do nacionalismo |url=http://www.embaixadadeangola.pt/morreu-lucio-lara/ |publisher=Embaixada da República de Angola em Portugal |access-date=2025-05-31 |archive-date=2025-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531084152/http://www.embaixadadeangola.pt/morreu-lucio-lara/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ma'aikatar tsaron Angola ta yi masa ritaya a matsayin Janar na soja a shekara ta 2004, amma ya ki yin amfani da wannan muƙamin saboda bai ɗauki kansa a matsayin kwararren soja ba. <ref name="Pereira 2016"/> == Ritaya da mutuwa == Bayan ya bar aikin siyasa, Lara ya sadaukar da kansa don tsara tarihin tarihinsa da takardun shaida game da tsarin 'yancin kai da kuma samuwar Angola, yana samar da Ƙungiyar Takardun Tchiweka (ATD). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |date=2021 |year= |editor-last= |editor-first= |title=Apresentação da ATD |trans-title= |url=https://www.tchiweka.org/ |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website= |series= |publisher=Associação Tchiweka de Documentação |page= |pages= |language= |type= |format= |doi= |isbn= |issn= |id= |quote= |ref= |postscript= |agency=}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1996 ya fito da abin tunawa "Don faɗuwar motsi…", tare da gabatarwar matarsa Ruth. <ref name="RA"/> Ya rasu a babban birnin Angola a ranar 27 ga watan Fabrairu 2016 yana da shekaru 86. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2016 |title=Angolan Politicians and Diplomats Regret the Death of Lúcio Lara |url=http://www.angolaembassy.hu/letoltes/10.pdf}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Matarsa ɗaya tilo ita ce malamar Jamus-Angola Ruth Manuela Pflüger Rosemberg Lara, wacce take da yara uku: Paulo, Wanda da Bruno. Ruth ta mutu don dalilai na halitta a shekara ta 2000. Tare da Ruth, a cikin shekarar 1960s, ta ɗauki ɗan [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Brazzaville-Congo,]] Jean-Michel Mabeko Tali. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1929]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3nwzh6rwqs0cw542b38gq07vamwzftp 0 101443 827988 786105 2026-04-30T13:53:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} The '''Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade''', kuma aka sani da '''Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade''', kuma wani lokacin ana kiranta da '''Abolition Society''' ko '''Anti-Slavery Society,''' wata ƙungiya ce ta Burtaniya da aka kafa a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1787. An cimma manufar kawar da cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1807. Kawar da bautar da ake yi a dukkan yankunan Birtaniyya ya biyo baya a shekara ta 1833. Adam Hochschild ya bayyana cewa wannan yunkuri na adawa da bauta shi ne yunkuri na farko na zaman lafiya wanda aka gina dukkanin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa na zamani. <ref name="Alex">{{Cite web |last=HOCHSCHILD |first=ADAM |title=Excerpt: 'Bury the Chains' |url=https://www.npr.org/2005/07/13/4715457/excerpt-bury-the-chains |access-date=July 13, 2005 |website=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Yawancin wadanda suka kafa sun kasance suna ganawa a George Yard tun 1783, kuma sama da shekaru hudu sun girma da'irar abokansu har zuwa Thomas Clarkson, wanda ba a sani ba a lokacin. Mutane goma sha biyu ne suka kafa al'umma; ciki har da mutanen da daga baya suka zama fitattun masu fafutuka, irin su Thomas Clarkson da Granville Sharp . A matsayinsu na Anglican sun sami damar zama mafi tasiri a majalisar dokoki fiye da yawancin mambobin Quaker da suka kafa - ba a ba su izini ba su rike mukamai na mulki. Al'umma sun yi aiki don wayar da kan jama'a game da cin zarafin cinikin [[Bauta|bayi]] tare da cimma nasarar kawar da [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|cinikin bayi na kasa da kasa]] lokacin da majalisar dokokin Burtaniya ta zartar da [[Dokar Kasuwancin Bayi ta 1807|dokar cinikin bayi ta 1807]], a lokacin al'umma ta daina ayyukanta. (Amurka kuma ta haramta [[Bautar da Mutane a Afrika|cinikin bayi na Afirka]] a wannan shekarar, don fara aiki a cikin 1808.) A cikin 1823 aka kafa Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery A ko'ina cikin Mulkin Biritaniya (wanda kuma aka sani da Anti-Slavery Society), wanda ya yi aiki don kawar da tsarin bautar a cikin yankunan Burtaniya. Majalisa ta zartar da sokewa a cikin 1833 (sai dai a Indiya, inda ya kasance wani ɓangare na al'adun 'yan asalin ); tare da emancipation kammala ta 1838. Abin ban mamaki ne da aka manta cewa Quakers da wadanda ba su dace ba, waɗanda suka kafa Societyungiyar, an hana su daidaito har sai da Dokar Emancipation ta Katolika ta 1829, shekaru 22 bayan Dokar Kasuwancin Bawan 1807 ta wuce. == Tarihin tarihi == Maganar yaƙi da bauta ta farko ta Dutch da Jamus Quakers ne suka rubuta, waɗanda suka hadu a Germantown, [[Pennsylvania]] a 1688. Turanci Quakers sun fara nuna rashin amincewa da cinikin bayi a cikin 1727 kuma suna inganta gyare-gyare. Tun daga shekarun 1750, wasu Quakers da dama a yankunan Amurka na Biritaniya suma sun fara adawa da bautar da kuma kira ga Quakers na Ingila da su dauki mataki tare da majalisa. Sun ƙarfafa 'yan'uwansu, ciki har da masu bautar Quaker, don inganta yanayin bayi, ilmantar da bayinsu a cikin [[Kiristanci]], karatu da rubutu, da kuma 'yantar da su a hankali. Ƙungiya ta Quakers guda shida sun jagoranci ƙungiyar kawar da Birtaniya a 1783 lokacin da taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyoyin Abokai na London ya gabatar da kokenta game da [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|cinikin bayi]] ga Majalisar, wanda fiye da 300 Quakers suka sanya hannu. Har ila yau, tallatawar da aka yi a wannan shekarar game da kisan kiyashin na Zong ya rinjayi su, yayin da masu jiragen ruwa ke shari'ar da'awar inshora ga asarar da aka kashe fiye da 132 bayi a cikin jirginsu. == Cibiya == "A shekara ta 1787, kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na mutanen duniya sun rayu a karkashin wani nau'i na bautar, bautar kasa, bautar bashi ko bautar da ba a so. Babu bayi a cikin ita kanta Biritaniya, amma yawancin mutanenta sun yarda da bautar a cikin British West Indies kamar yadda aka saba." Quakers sun yanke shawarar kafa ƴan ƙarami, masu himma, ƙungiyoyin da ba na ɗarika ba don samun babban Cocin Ingila da goyon bayan Majalisa. Sabon, kwamitin da ba na darika ba da aka kafa a 1787 yana da membobin Quaker tara da Anglican uku. Kamar yadda Quakers ba su shirya don karɓar sacrament na Jibin Ubangiji ba bisa ga al'adun Ikilisiyar Ingila, ba a ba su izinin zama ' yan majalisa ba, kasancewa membobin Anglican sun ƙarfafa yiwuwar kwamitin na rinjayar majalisar. <ref name="hoi">{{Cite web |title=Foundation of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade |url=https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=3700 |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=History of Information}}</ref> Sabuwar al'ummar ta kasance mai suna Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, daga baya sau da yawa ana kiranta kawai da Abolition Society. <ref name="mylearning">{{Cite web |title=The Abolition Movement |url=https://www.mylearning.org/stories/william-wilberforce/174 |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=MyLearning |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423184059/https://mylearning.org/stories/william-wilberforce/174 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Blockquote|Tunanin abin da ya faru a wannan wuri, da yammacin ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1787, ya ɗauki hankalin miliyoyin mutane a duniya, ciki har da dalibi na farko kuma mafi girma na abin da a yau muke kira ƙungiyoyin jama'a. Sakamakon jerin abubuwan da suka fara faruwa a wannan rana da yamma a Landan, in ji masanin siyasar Faransa Alexis de Tocqueville shekaru da yawa bayan haka, ya kasance "ba tare da wani misali ba...Idan kun yi nazarin tarihin dukan al'ummai, ina shakkar cewa za ku sami wani abu mafi ban mamaki". Ginin da ya taɓa tsayawa a 2 George Yard kantin sayar da littattafai ne da kantin buga littattafai. Maigidan shine James Phillips, mawallafi kuma mawallafi don ƙaramar al'ummar Quakers na Biritaniya. A wannan rana ta Mayu da yamma, bayan masu aikin jarida da na’urorin tafi da gidanka sun tafi gida don yin wannan ranar, maza 12 suka shigar da karar ta kofarsa. Sun kafa kansu a cikin kwamiti tare da abin da ya zama kamar ga ’yan’uwansu na Landan wata manufa mara kyau da mara amfani: kawo ƙarshen cinikin bayi da kuma bautar da kanta a cikin daular da ta fi ƙarfin duniya.” -- Los Angeles Times: The Idea That Brought Slavery to Its Knees.<ref name="Hochschild 2005">{{cite web | last=Hochschild | first=Adam | title=The Idea That Brought Slavery to Its Knees | website=Los Angeles Times | date=2005-01-25 | url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jan-25-oe-hochschild25-story.html | access-date=2020-12-20}}</ref>}} === Memba === Tara daga cikin mambobi goma sha biyu da suka kafa kungiyar don yin tasiri ga kawar da cinikin bayi, ko kuma kungiyar don kawar da cinikayya ta bayi, sun kasance Quakers: <ref name="hoi"/> # John Barton (1755-1789); # William Dillwyn (1743-1824); # [[George Harrison (Quaker)|George Harrison]] (1747-1827); # Samuel Hoare Jr (1751-1825); # [[Joseph Hooper (Quaker)|Joseph Hooper]] (1732–1789); # [[John Lloyd (Quaker)|John Lloyd]] ; # [[Joseph Woods (abolitionist)|Joseph Woods]] Sr (1738-1812); # [[James Phillips (Quaker)|James Phillips]] (1745-1799); kuma # [[Richard Phillips (Quaker)|Richard Phillips]] Biyar daga cikin Quakers sun kasance daga cikin rukuni na shida na Quakers waɗanda suka jagoranci motsi a cikin 1783, lokacin da aka gabatar da koke na farko game da cinikin bayi ga Majalisar. Anglican uku sun kasance membobi masu kafa: # Thomas Clarkson, mai fafutuka kuma marubucin wani maƙala mai tasiri akan cinikin bayi; # Granville Sharp (Lauya - ya dade yana shiga cikin goyon baya da gabatar da kara a madadin [[Bauta|'yan Afirka da aka bautar]] ); kuma # [[Philip Sansom (abolitionist)|Philip Sansom]] == manufa da ayyuka == [[Fayil:Official_medallion_of_the_British_Anti-Slavery_Society_(1795).jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| "Ni Ba Namiji Da Dan Uwa Ba?" medallion wanda aka ƙirƙira azaman wani ɓangare na yaƙin yaƙi da bauta ta Josiah Wedgwood, 1787]] Al'ummar ba ta nufin kawo karshen bautar gaba daya ba, amma kawai don kawar da shigar Birtaniyya a cikin [[Kasuwancin bayi na Atlantika|cinikin bayi na duniya]] . Za su yi hakan ne ta hanyar gangamin wayar da kan jama’a da ke nuna wasu munanan ayyuka da ke tattare da cinikin. <ref name="mylearning"/> Manufar kungiyar da ta kawar da cinikin bayi ita ce sanar da jama’a game da rashin mutuntaka da rashin da’a da ake yi wa [[Bauta|’yan Afirka]] da ake bautar da sunan bauta, don yin kamfen don amincewa da sabuwar dokar da za ta kawar da cinikin bayi da aiwatar da hakan a duk faɗin [[daular Biritaniya]] . Hanyoyin da al'umma ke bi wajen cimma manufofinta sun hada da rubutawa da buga littattafan yaki da bauta, bugu na kawar da kai, fosta da kasidu, da kuma shirya rangadin lacca a garuruwa da biranen Ingila. ''Maƙalar Clarkson a kan rashin gaskiya na cinikin bayi na Afirka'', wanda aka buga a 1788, na ɗaya daga cikin litattafai na farko akan wannan batu. <ref name="hoi"/> An gabatar da korafe-korafe ga House of Commons (fiye da 100 a cikin 1788 ), zanga-zangar adawa da bautar da aka gudanar, da kuma nau'ikan lambobin yabo na yaƙi da bautar, crockery da sifofin tagulla an yi su, musamman tare da goyon bayan maginin Unitarian Josiah Wedgwood wanda samar da tukwane na tukwane a cikin sarkar da ba ta da inganci ba tare da yin aiki da sauƙi ba. yaya?" ya yi tasiri sosai wajen jawo hankalin jama'a don kawar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Did you know? - Josiah Wedgwood was a keen advocate of the slavery abolition movement |url=http://www.thepotteries.org/did_you/005.htm |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=thepotteries.org}}</ref> <ref name="hoi"/> Medallion na Wedgwood shine mafi shaharar hoton baƙar fata a duk fasahar ƙarni na 18. <ref>{{Cite web |title=British History - Abolition of the Slave Trade 1807 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/africans_in_art_gallery_02.shtml |access-date=2009-04-11 |publisher=[[BBC]] |quote=The Wedgwood medallion was the most famous image of a black person in all of 18th-century art.}}</ref> Clarkson ya rubuta; "Ladies sun sa su a cikin mundaye, wasu kuma sun sanya su a cikin kayan ado a matsayin fil don gashin kansu. A tsawon lokaci, dandano don saka su ya zama cikakke, kuma ta haka ne fashion, wanda yawanci yakan sanya kansa ga abubuwa marasa amfani, an gani sau ɗaya a cikin ofishin mai daraja na inganta hanyar adalci, bil'adama da 'yanci ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wedgwood |url=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REwedgwood.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708094050/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REwedgwood.htm |archive-date=8 July 2009 |access-date=2009-07-13 |quote=Thomas Clarkson wrote; ladies wore them in bracelets, and others had them fitted up in an ornamental manner as pins for their hair. At length the taste for wearing them became general, and thus fashion, which usually confines itself to worthless things, was seen for once in the honourable office of promoting the cause of justice, humanity and freedom.}}</ref> Ta hanyar ilimantar da jama'a, kwamitin da ke kawar da cinikin bayi ya sami mambobi da yawa. A cikin 1787, yawon shakatawa na Clarkson na manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da biranen Ingila ya tayar da sha'awar jama'a. Buga tarihin rayuwar Olaudah Equiano na Afirka ya ƙara wayar da kan jama'a, kamar yadda tsohon bawan ya bayyana wani ƙarar da ba za a iya amsawa ba game da bautar a cikin aikin adabi. A cikin 1789 Clarkson's ya inganta dalilin kwamitin ta hanyar ƙarfafa sayar da memoir na Equiano da kuma gayyatar tsohon bawa zuwa lacca a tashar jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya da ke da alaƙa da cinikin bayi. William Wilberforce ya gabatar da kudurin doka na farko don kawar da cinikin bayi a shekara ta 1791, wanda aka kayar da shi da kuri'u 163 zuwa 88. <ref name="hoi"/> Kamar yadda Wilberforce ya ci gaba da gabatar da batun cinikin bayi a gaban Majalisa, Clarkson da wasu a cikin Kwamitin sun yi balaguro, sun tara kuɗi, sun yi la’akari, da rubuta ayyukan yaƙi da bauta. Sun gudanar da yakin neman zaben majalisar da aka tsawaita, inda Wilberforce ya gabatar da wani kudiri na neman a soke kusan kowace shekara. == Memba == Bayan haka, mai ba da taimako na Quaker William Allen, wanda ya yi aiki tare da Wilberforce da sauran membobin Quaker, ya shiga kwamitin.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2020}} da ƴan'uwan Wilberforce na Clapham Sect sun kasance masu biyan kuɗi ga al'umma kuma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 August 2020 |title=The role of the Clapham Sect in the fight for the abolition of slavery |url=https://artuk.org/discover/stories/the-role-of-the-clapham-sect-in-the-fight-for-the-abolition-of-slavery |access-date=20 December 2020 |website=Art UK |archive-date=24 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424145342/https://artuk.org/discover/stories/the-role-of-the-clapham-sect-in-the-fight-for-the-abolition-of-slavery |url-status=dead }}</ref> Darakta na Bankin Ingila da kuma kafa memba na Philanthropic Society a St. George's Fields Jeremiah Harman kuma ya kasance mai goyon bayan promenade <ref name="evid" /> kuma mai biyan kuɗi <ref name="evid" /> na farkon bugu na Society. <ref name="evid">{{Cite web |title=The City of London and slavery: evidence from the first dock companies, 1795–1800 |url=http://secretcity-thefilm.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/The-City-of-London-and-slavery-Nick-Draper.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095510/http://secretcity-thefilm.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/The-City-of-London-and-slavery-Nick-Draper.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=6 May 2015}}</ref> === Kasancewar mace === A cewar Claire Midgley (2004), yawan mata masu biyan kuɗi a cikin al'umma sun kasance irin na al'ummomin jin kai na lokacin. A duk faɗin al'umma, mata masu biyan kuɗi sun ƙunshi kusan kashi 10 cikin ɗari na membobin, yayin da a wasu cibiyoyi, musamman [[Manchester]] (tare da mata 68, ko kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na jimlar), kaso mafi girma. Wasu daga cikin matan da aka fi sani da su sun kasance membobin manyan iyalan Quaker, kamar matar William Dillwyn, Sarah; wasu mambobi ne na Clapham Sect da kuma mambobi ne na Cibiyar Afirka, wasu kuma sun kasance membobin iyalai masu arziki na Unitarian a Manchester. Ya zuwa 1788 akwai mata 206 masu biyan kuɗi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women & Women's Groups: The Abolition of Slavery Project |url=http://abolition.e2bn.org/people_38.html |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=The Abolition of Slavery Project |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109020634/http://abolition.e2bn.org/people_38.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wata fitacciyar mace mai biyan kuɗi ita ce marubuciya kuma polymath Elizabeth Carter . == Al'ummomin da ke da alaƙa == Yawancin membobin al'umma kuma sun yi rajista ga Cibiyar Afirka (wanda aka kafa 1807 don ƙirƙirar mafaka mai dacewa, mai wayewa ga 'yantattun bayi a [[Saliyo]] ). Ƙungiyoyin kawar da ' [[Ƴaƴan Afirka|ya'yan Afirka]] sun kasance memba na ƴan ƙasar Landan masu ilimi, galibinsu tsoffin bayi na Afirka. Yana da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da Society for Effective the Abolition of the Slave Trade. An kai ga kololuwa a cikin 1792, tare da sa hannun 100,000 (Manchester ita kaɗai ta ba da gudummawar 10,639), kuma ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da bautar na yanki sun fara jagoranci, musamman a arewacin Ingila . Mata sun ƙara taka rawa sosai a gwagwarmayar yaƙi da bauta amma ba za su iya taka rawa kai tsaye a majalisar ba . Wani lokaci sukan kafa nasu kungiyoyin yaki da bauta. Mata da yawa sun firgita cewa, a ƙarƙashin bauta, an kwashe mata da yara daga danginsu. A cikin 1824, Elizabeth Heyrick ta buga wata ƙasida mai suna ''Immediate not Gradual Abolition'', inda ta bukaci a gaggauta 'yantar da bayi a cikin yankunan Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=WHN |date=2010-09-12 |title=Elizabeth Heyrick (1869-1831) |url=https://womenshistorynetwork.org/black-history-month-elizabeth-heyrick-1869-1831/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Women's History Network |language=en-GB}}</ref> Duk da karancin tasirin da suke da shi, yawancin mata masu kawar da kai sun yi tasiri sosai wajen kawar da cinikin bayi. Muhimmin mai fafutuka shine Anne Knight . An haife ta a cikin dangin Quaker a Essex kuma ta ɗauki matsayi mai ƙarfi a cikin kamfen na yaƙi da bauta. Knight ya kafa Chelmsford Female Anti-Slavery Society. Ta kuma zagaya kasar Faransa, inda ta ba da laccoci kan lalatar bauta. An kafa Ƙungiyar Ladies Birmingham don Taimakon Negro Slaves a [[Birmingham]], Ingila, ranar 8 Afrilu 1825. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simkin |first=John |title=Women and the Anti-Slavery Movement |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/REslaveryW.htm |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=Spartacus Educational}}</ref> == 1807 rushewa == A cikin 1807, Majalisar Biritaniya ta kada kuri'a don soke cinikin bayi na kasa da kasa karkashin [[Dokar Kasuwancin Bayi ta 1807|dokar kawar da cinikin bayi]], <ref name="mylearning"/> kuma ta aiwatar da hakan ta hanyar karfin teku, Rundunar Sojojin ruwa . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Adam Hochschild}}</ref> Al'umma sun fara aiki bayan an zartar da dokar. <ref name="hoi"/> Amurka kuma ta haramta cinikin bayi na Afirka a cikin wannan shekarar, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1808. A cikin 1808 an zartar da wata doka ta daban a Burtaniya don ba da kariya ga Burtaniya ga [[Freetown]] a Afirka ta Yamma (yanzu babban birnin [[Saliyo]] ), mulkin mallaka da aka kafa a 1788 don sake tsugunar da tsoffin bayi da Baƙar fata daga Landan, da kuma Baƙar fata Loyalists waɗanda aka ƙaura da farko zuwa Nova Scotia bayan yakin juyin juya halin Amurka . Sarkin Timni Nembana ya sayar da fili ga wani jami'in Birtaniya don kafa wannan mulkin mallaka don 'yantattun bayi. Lokacin da sojojin ruwa na Royal suka kama jiragen ruwa na cinikin bayi ba bisa ka'ida ba, ma'aikatanta akai-akai suna sake tsugunar da 'yan Afirka da aka 'yanta a Freetown. == Sabuwar al'umma == Daga 1823, Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery A ko'ina cikin Mulkin Biritaniya (wanda kuma aka sani da Anti-Slavery Society) ya zama rukuni na farko da aka tsara wanda ke aiki don doka don kawar da bautar. Ƙungiyar da magoya baya, ciki har da fursunoni da 'yantar da 'yan Afirka, masu mishan da ƙungiyoyin bishara a cikin yankunan, sun yi aiki don cimma matakin farko na 'yanci na doka a cikin yankunan. Har ila yau, ta goyi bayan masu rushewar a Amurka. Yawancin Birtaniyya sun goyi bayan rangadin laccoci na masu ruguzawar Amurkawa a Biritaniya waɗanda ke tara kuɗi don ƙoƙarin a Amurka. Irin waɗannan magoya bayan wasu lokuta suna ba da mafaka ga Amurkawa waɗanda suka tsere daga bauta kuma suka taimaka wajen tara kuɗi don siyan ’yancinsu, amma ga Frederick Douglass. == Magana == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] shxsp7suf4rmx4i290nqoj4c498xx9v 0 101897 827993 630525 2026-04-30T14:20:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kunti Devi Yadav''' (an haifeta a 1963)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kunti Devi(RJD):Constituency- ATRI(GAYA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=824 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> yar siyasar Indiya ce daga [[Bihar]].Ta kasance tsohon dan majalisa sau biyu daga mazabar Atri a gundumar Gaya mai wakiltar Rashtriya Janata Dal. .<ref>{{Cite web |title=KUNTI DEVI(RJD):Constituency- Atri(GAYA) |url=https://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=824 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=उम्रकैद की सजा काट रहीं पूर्व राजद विधायक कुंती देवी का निधन, पेरोल पर पति भी पहुंचे अंत्‍येष्टि में |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/gaya-kunti-devi-former-rjd-mla-of-atari-assembly-of-gaya-died-in-patna-due-to-kidney-disease-21583595.html |access-date=23 April 2021 |website=www.jagran.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Devi ta fito ne daga Atri, gundumar Gaya, Bihar . Ta auri Rajendra Prasad Yadav kuma tare suna da ɗa, Ajay Kumar Yadav . <ref name=":0"/> == Ayyuka == Devi ta lashe gasar daga mazabar Atri a zaben Majalisar Dokokin Bihar na 2015 wanda ke wakiltar Rashtriya Janata Dal . Ta samu kuri'u 60,687 kuma ta doke abokin hamayyarta mafi kusa, Arvind Kumar Singh na LJP da kuri'u 13,817. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Atri Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/atri.html |website=www.elections.in}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> Ta fara zama MLA inda ta lashe zaben Majalisar Dokokin Bihar a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005. == Kyauta == * Ɗanta Ajay Kumar Yadav a halin yanzu memba ne na Majalisar Dokokin Bihar daga mazabar Atri . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Atri Election Result Live: अतरी से राजद के अजय यादव ने जदयू की मनोरमा देवी को 7,931 वोट से हराया |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/bihar/gaya-bihar-assembly-election-result-rjd-ajay-yadav-wins-atri-vidhan-sabha-seat-defeats-manorma-devi-of-jdu-3293302.html |access-date=11 November 2020 |website=hindi.news18.com }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Mazabar Atri == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1963]] q5ekwwx1vpbxwad0vg1nnijcnkvga63 0 102230 828269 794844 2026-05-01T06:54:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo]]''', ko '''MONUSCO''' (ƙaddamarwa bisa ga sunanta na Faransanci Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour la stabilisation en République démocratique du Congo), rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya ce ta Majalisar Dinkinobho a Jamhuryar Demokiradiyyar Kongo . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=MONUSCO Fact Sheet |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/monusco |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419223317/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/minurso/ |archive-date=19 April 2009 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en}}</ref> A halin yanzu an shirya janyewa daga ƙasar saboda ci gaban da kungiyar M23 ta samu a lardunan Arewa da Kivu ta Kudu.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=9 July 2024 |title=Congo UN peacekeepers pausing pullout, no timeline for next phase |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-un-peacekeepers-pausing-pullout-no-timeline-next-phase-2024-07-09/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> Majalisar Tsaro ta [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ce ta kafa MONUSCO a cikin Sai dai hazo da mai albarka Dhofar, dukkan gabar teku da }asashen da ke kewaye da tsaunukan Hajar, wani yanki ne na hamadar Tekun Oman da kuma yankin hamada, yayin da tsaunukan da kansu ke zama na musamman. 1279 (1999) da 1291 (2000) don saka idanu kan tsarin zaman lafiya na Yaƙin Kongo na Biyu, kodayake yawancin mayar da hankali daga baya ya juya zuwa rikici na Ituri, rikici na Kivu da rikici na Dongo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-12 |title=25 Years, 224 Abuse Allegations, No Peace: A Timeline of the UN Peacekeeping Mission in DRC |url=https://globalpressjournal.com/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo/25-years-224-abuse-allegations-no-peace-drc-kicks-un-peacekeeping-mission/ |access-date=2025-04-26 |website=Global Press Journal |language=en-US}}</ref> An san aikin ne a matsayin '''Ofishin Jakadancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo''' ko '''MONUC''', acronym na sunansa na Faransanci Mission de l'Organisation des Nations Unies en République démocratique du Congo, har zuwa 2010. Ƙasashe masu zuwa (a cikin haruffa) sun ba da gudummawa tare da ma'aikatan soja: [[Bangladesh]], [[Beljik|Belgium]], [[Benin]], [[Bolibiya|Bolivia]], [[Bosnia da Herzegovina]], [[Brazil]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Kamaru]], [[Kanada]], [[Sin|China]], [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], Masar, [[Faransa]], [[Ghana]], [[Guatemala (ƙasa)|Guatemala]], [[Indiya]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], Ireland, [[Ivory Coast]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Kenya]], [[Malawi]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Mali]], [[Mangoliya|Mongolia]], Morocco, [[Nepal]], [[Holand|Netherlands]], [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]], [[Najeriya]], [[Pakistan]], [[Peru]], [[Poland]], [[Romainiya|Romania]], [[Rasha]], [[Senegal]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] ta Kudu, [[Sri Lanka]], [[Sweden]], [[Switzerland]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]], [[Tunisiya]], United Kingdom, United Kingdom Bugu da kari, ƙasashe masu zuwa sun ba da gudummawa tare da ma'aikatan 'yan sanda: Bangladesh, Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Kamaru, Kanada, [[Cadi|Chadi]], [[Jibuti (ƙasa)|Djibouti]], Masar, Faransa, Ghana, [[Gini|Guinea]], Jordan, [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]], Mali, Nijar, Najeriya, Romania, Rasha, Senegal, Sweden, Switzerland, [[Togo]], Tunisia, [[Turkiyya]], Ukraine da Yemen.<ref name=":0"/> Kasancewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta farko a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, kafin wucewar Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkinobho (UNSCR) 1291, rundunar masu sa ido ce ta soja don lura da bayar da rahoto game da bin ƙungiyoyi tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, turawa da UNSCR 1258 ta baya ta ba da izini (1999). UNSCR 2556 (2020) yana ba da iko ga umarnin MONUSCO na yanzu.<ref name="UNSCR_2348(archived)">{{Cite web |title=UNSCR 2348 |url=http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2348(2017) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523201352/http://www.un.org:80/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2348(2017) |archive-date=2017-05-23 |access-date=17 January 2018 |website=United Nations}}</ref><ref name="UNSCR_2348">{{Cite web |date=2017-03-31 |title=Security Council Resolution 2348 |url=http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2348 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625134700/http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/2348 |archive-date=25 June 2022 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=United Nations Security Council}}</ref> Kimanin dala biliyan 8.74 aka kashe don tallafawa kokarin kiyaye zaman lafiya na MONUC a lokacin 1999 zuwa 2010.<ref name="MONUC_facts2010">{{Cite web |date=2010-06-30 |title=MONUC Facts and Figures |url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/monuc/facts.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826012246/http://www.un.org:80/en/peacekeeping/missions/monuc/facts.shtml |archive-date=2011-08-26 |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=United Nations}}</ref> &nbsp;Ya zuwa Oktoba , jimlar ƙarfin sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a DRC kusan 18,300.<ref name="UNSCR_2348(archived)"/> Fiye da ƙasashe talatin sun ba da gudummawar sojoji da 'yan sanda don kokarin kiyaye zaman lafiya, <ref name="MONUC_facts2010" /> tare da Indiya kasancewa mafi girman mai ba da gudana. <ref name="EUobserver_Pop2008">{{Cite web |last=Pop |first=Valentina |date=2008-11-19 |title=Europeans call for more UN troops in Congo |url=http://euobserver.com/9/27140 |access-date=15 March 2016 |website=[[EUobserver]]}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Shekaru na 1990 === Asalin wannan kasancewar soja na biyu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) an samo shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar Cire-Age ta Lusaka a ranar 17 ga Yulin 1999 da kuma Resolution 1258 na Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkinobho na 6 ga Agusta 1999, wanda ya ba da izinin tura matsakaicin jami'ai 90. Jami'an hulɗa na farko sun isa DRC a ranar 3 ga Satumba 1999. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999 yawan jami'an hulɗa sun kai 55, waɗanda aka rarraba a cikin manyan biranen ƙasashe masu yaƙi ([[Ruwanda|Rwanda]], [[Uganda]], [[Burundi]], Zambia, [[Namibiya|Namibia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Itofiya|Habasha]]) ciki har da 24 waɗanda aka ajiye a [[Kinshasa]]. A watan Janairun 2000 sun kai adadin 79 kuma an yada su a duk yankin DRC. Manufar su ita ce su yi hulɗa da dukkan bangarorin da ke yaƙi, su ba da taimako na fasaha da kuma shirya tura masu lura da soja. === Shekaru na 2000 === ==== 2000 ==== A ranar 24 ga Fabrairu 2000 tare da ƙuduri na 1291, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da izinin tura matsakaicin ma'aikatan soja 5,537 a cikin DRC, gami da masu lura da soja 500. A ranar 4 ga Afrilu 2000 an naɗa Manjo Janar Mountaga Diallo na Senegal a matsayin kwamandan sojojin MONUSCO. Manufar ita ce ta sa ido kan aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta da sake tura dakarun da ke faɗa, don samar da shirin aiki don aiwatar da Yarinyar tsagaita gobara gaba ɗaya, don yin aiki tare da ɓangarorin don samun sakin dukkan fursunonin yaki, fursunonin soja da dawo da ragowar, don sauƙaƙe taimakon jin kai da kuma taimakawa Mai Gudanar da Tattaunawar Kasa. Da yake aiki a karkashin Babi na VII na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkinobho ta ba da izini ga MONUC don ɗaukar matakin da ya dace, a wuraren da aka tura battalions din sojanta, don kare ma'aikatan Majalisar Dinkin duniya, wurare, shigarwa da kayan aiki, tabbatar da tsaro da 'yancin motsi na ma'aikatanta, da kuma kare fararen hula a ƙarƙashin barazanar tashin hankali na jiki. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2000 an tura ma'aikatan soja 224, ciki har da masu kallo 148 a wurare goma sha uku a fadin kasar. Masu lura za su iya yin rikodin rashin amfani da tsagaita wuta, tashin hankali a [[Kisangani]] da lardunan Équateur da Katanga da kuma kasancewar sojojin kasashen waje a cikin DRC. A tura sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba zai yiwu ba saboda yanayin tsaro da rashin amincewar gwamnatin Kongo. ==== 2001 ==== Ko da yake farkon shekara ta 2001 har yanzu yana da matsala ta hanyar fadace-fadace, masu lura da soja na iya cika aikinsu dangane da rabuwar sojoji da kuma janyewar wasu sojojin [[Rundunar Tsaro ta Rwanda|Rwandan]] da Uganda. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2001, ƙungiyar tsaro ta farko ta Uruguay ta isa Kalemie. An tura rundunar a bangarori huɗu a [[Kananga]], [[Kisangani]], Kalemie da Mbandaka. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2001, ƙarfin rundunar ya kai sojoji 2,366, ciki har da masu lura da soja 363 da aka rarraba a cikin birane 22, da ƙungiyoyi 28 da ke sa ido kan rabuwar sojojin. Sojojin da suka rage sun kai 1,869. Sun fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu, Uruguay, Morocco, Senegal da Tunisia. Rukunin tsaro sun kare kayan aikin MONUC a [[Kinshasa]], [[Kananga]], [[Kisangani]], Kalemie, [[Goma (birni)|Goma]], da Mbandaka. An kuma tura ƙungiyar kogin Uruguay da ƙungiyar kula da iska ta Afirka ta Kudu. Sojojin da aka tura sun kasance ne kawai don kare shafukan daga fashi da sata, rundunar ba ta da umarni ko ƙarfin kare fararen hula, ko ma don cire ma'aikatan MONUC. Bayan UNSCR 1355, masu lura da soja, a cikin iyawarsu, na iya ba da gudummawa ga zubar da makamai na son rai, sakewa, dawowa da sake hadewa na kungiyoyin makamai. Tare da Resolution na Majalisar Tsaro 1376, Majalisar Tsaro ta kaddamar da mataki na uku na tura sojojin MONUC, a gabashin DRC. An shirya shafin don tushen kayan aiki ya zama Kindu, Lardin Maniema. ==== 2002 ==== A shekara ta 2002, masu lura da sojoji 450, sun rabu cikin ƙungiyoyi 95, sun ci gaba da saka idanu kan tsagaita wuta tare da tsoffin layin gaba. Kungiyoyin sun kuma bincika keta dokar ta baci. Sojojin kasashen waje sun ci gaba da barin kasar. Rukunin kogin sun raka jiragen ruwa na farko a kan [[Kogin Congo|Kogin Kongo]], wanda ya sake buɗewa ga zirga-zirgar kasuwanci. A watan Yunin 2002 jimlar sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kai 3,804. Sojoji daga Ghana da Bolivia sun shiga rundunar, wanda fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sojoji 'yan Uruguay ne. Fiye da sojoji dubu daya ne aka tura a Kisangani. A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2002, wani mai lura da soja ya mutu a kusa da Ikela bayan fashewar ma'adinai a ƙarƙashin motarsa. A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2002, bangarori daban-daban sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Pretoria kuma yanayin aikin masu zaman lafiya ya canza. Masu lura da soja sun sa ido kan janyewar sojoji 20,000 na Rwanda, amma kuma sun lura da karuwar tashin hankali na kabilanci a lardin Ituri. A ƙarshen 2002 akwai jimlar sojoji 4,200 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin DRC. Ta hanyar UNSCR 1445, Majalisar Tsaro ta ba da izinin karuwar ma'aikatan soja zuwa 8,500. An kuma amince da ka'idar dakarun shiga tsakani guda biyu masu zaman kansu - farar hula da sojoji. An ba da umurni ga MONUC don tallafawa tsarin zubar da makamai na son rai, demobilization, repatriation, reintegration and resettlement (DDRR), ba tare da amfani da karfi ba. ==== 2003 ==== An gudanar da ayyukan DDRR da yawa tare da hadin gwiwar farar hula a farkon shekara ta 2003. Kafin farawar sauyawa, an tura sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a kan layin gaba. An fara babban sake turawa zuwa gabas. An rufe cibiyoyin daidaitawa guda huɗu da sansanoni 22 a yammacin ƙasar. Fiye da masu kallo ɗari sun sake turawa kuma sojojin Uruguay sun isa [[Bukavu]], Kivu ta Kudu da Lubero, Arewacin Kivu. Kungiyoyin masu lura sun sa ido kan mummunar gwagwarmaya da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Ituri. A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2003, an tura sojoji 800 na Uruguay a Bunia, Lardin Ituri a karkashin kudurin 1484. A cikin wannan watan wani mai kallo ya mutu a fashewar bam. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2003 'yan bindiga sun kashe masu lura da sojoji biyu. Fitar da sojojin Uganda 7,000 a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2003 ya haifar da mummunan yanayin tsaro a lardin Ituri, wanda ya jefa tsarin zaman lafiya cikin haɗari. Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[Kofi Annan]] ya yi kira ga kafawa da tura dakarun kasa da yawa na wucin gadi zuwa yankin har sai an karfafa aikin MONUC da ya raunana. A cikin rahotonsa na biyu na musamman ga Majalisar Tsaro, Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da shawarar sake fasalin ayyukan MONUC: don samar da tallafi ga sauyawa da kuma kula da tsaro a manyan yankuna na kasar. Dangane da haka, ya ba da shawarar kirkirar brigade a Ituri don tallafawa tsarin zaman lafiya. [[Fayil:KitshangaWar-36_(8538205595).jpg|thumb|sansanin IDP a kusa da wani tushe a Kitshanga]] A ranar 30 ga Mayu 2003, UNSCR 1493 ta ba da izinin tura rundunar sojan gaggawa ta wucin gadi (IEMF) a Bunia tare da aiki don tabbatar da filin jirgin sama da kare mutanen da suka rasa muhallinsu a sansanoni da fararen hula a garin. UNSCR 1493 ya ba da izinin karuwar ma'aikatan soja zuwa 10,800, ya sanya takunkumin makamai, kuma ya ba da damar MONUC don amfani da duk hanyoyin da suka dace don cika aikinta a Gundumar Ituri da kuma Arewa da Kivu ta Kudu, yayin da ya ɗauki ƙarin larduna su kasance cikin ikon MONUC. Gwamnatin Faransa ta riga ta nuna sha'awar jagorantar aikin. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fadada zuwa aikin da [[Tarayyar Turai]] (EU) ke jagoranta tare da Faransa a matsayin al'umma mai tsarawa wanda ke ba da yawancin ma'aikata kuma ya haɗa da gudummawa daga kasashen EU da wadanda ba na EU ba. Jimlar rundunar ta kunshi kimanin ma'aikata 1,800 kuma jirgin saman Faransa ne ya goyi bayan su a filayen jirgin sama a [[Ndjamena|N'Djamena]], Chadi da Entebbe, Uganda. An kuma kara karamin rukuni na 'yan Sweden na Musamman (SSG) mai shekaru 80. An kaddamar da aikin da ake kira Operation Artemis a ranar 12 ga Yuni kuma IMEF ta kammala turawa a cikin makonni uku masu zuwa. Rundunar ta yi nasara wajen tabbatar da halin da ake ciki a Bunia da kuma tilasta kasancewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin DRC. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2003, an ba da alhakin tsaro na yankin ga aikin MONUC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2004 |title=Operation Artemis: The Lessons of the Interim Emergency Multinational Force |url=http://pbpu.unlb.org/PBPS/Pages/PUBLIC/ViewDocument.aspx?docid=572&menukey=_5_2_4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605013600/http://pbpu.unlb.org/PBPS/Pages/PUBLIC/ViewDocument.aspx?docid=572&menukey=_5_2_4 |archive-date=5 June 2011 |access-date=31 October 2008 |website=United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations}}</ref> Girman rikice-rikicen soja a DRC ya sa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta nemi ƙarin taimakon soja daga manyan iko. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2003, [[Indiya]] ta ba da sanarwar cewa za ta aika da ƙarin ma'aikata 300 da jirgin yaki daga Sojojin Sama na Indiya don ƙarfafa kokarin kiyaye zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a DRC. A watan Satumbar shekara ta 2003, ƙungiyar Ituri ta kasance, gami da sojoji daga Uruguay, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Indonesia, Indiya da Morocco. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2003, jimlar masu kiyaye zaman lafiya 10,415 sun kasance a cikin DRC, wanda ya hada da raka'a na sojan ƙasa, raka'a injiniyoyi, raka'o'in helikofta, raka'ar kayan aiki, raka'an kiwon lafiya da raka'o-tafiye. ==== 2004 ==== ===2010s=== ====2010==== A bisa ga kudurin Kwamitin Tsaro mai lamba 1925 na 28 ga Mayu, 2010, an canza sunan MONUC a ranar 1 ga Yuli zuwa Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Daidaita Hukuma a Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo (MONUSCO) don nuna sabon matakin da aka cimma a kasar. A watan Agusta 2010, 'yan tawayen Mai Mai sun yi kwanton bauna a wani sansani na 19th Kumaon Regiment na Sojan Indiya, inda suka kashe jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Indiya uku.<ref name=TOI1>https://web.archive.org/web/20120905125527/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-08-19/india/28311544_1_indian-peacekeepers-indian-soldiers-congo-government 3 Indian peacekeepers killed in Congo, Times of India, 19 August 2010</ref> Harin ya sake farfado da kiraye-kiraye a Indiya don rage kasancewar sojojin kasar a Kongo saboda karuwar rikici a yankin. ====2011==== A watan Mayu 2011, ministan hadin gwiwar kasa da kasa na DRC ya bayyana burin gwamnatinsa na "ja da baya mai tsari, mai ci gaba" na MONUSCO saboda "daidaitawa" na dangantakar DRC da kasashe makwabta da kuma killace 'yan tawaye zuwa "wasu yankuna masu ware".<ref>http://www.rnw.nl/africa/bulletin/dr-congo-calls-un-withdraw-peacekeepers DR Congo calls on UN to withdraw peacekeepers {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017052717/http://www.rnw.nl/africa/bulletin/dr-congo-calls-un-withdraw-peacekeepers |date=17 October 2012 }}, Radio Netherlands, 18 May 2011</ref> A watan Yuni 2011, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanar da cewa za ta janye kimanin jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya 2,000 kafin karshen watan.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20121018203957/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2010%2F6%2F17%2Fworldupdates%2F2010-06-17T001737Z_01_NOOTR_RTRMDNC_0_-493692-1&sec=Worldupdates U.N. peacekeepers start Congo withdrawal, The Star, 17 June 2010</ref> Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zo ne bayan 'yan kwanaki da yanke shawarar Indiya na janye dukkan jirage masu saukar ungulu na yaki guda hudu kirar Mi-35 daga MONUSCO da kuma daga karshe ta dakatar da ayyukan wanzar da zaman lafiya a DRC.<ref name="WP_Lynch2011">{{Cite news |last=Lynch |first=Colum |date=2011-06-14 |title=India's withdrawal of helicopters from Congo points to wider trend |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/national-security/indias-withdrawal-of-helicopters-from-congo-points-to-wider-trend/2011/06/10/AGH5loUH_story.html |access-date=2022-07-27 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=20 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220004508/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/national-security/indias-withdrawal-of-helicopters-from-congo-points-to-wider-trend/2011/06/10/AGH5loUH_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ====2012==== File:UN-12-049 (8137919009).jpg|thumb|Mambobin Kamfanin Riverine na Uruguay suna sintiri a Tafkin Tanganyika, Maris 2012 {{main|2012 East DR Congo conflict}} A ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, an tura jirage masu saukar ungulu na MONUSCO don tallafa wa sojojin gwamnati yayin da suke yaki don dakatar da harin March 23 Movement a kudancin Kibumba; hadin gwiwar sojoji da na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya sun kashe kimanin mayaƙan M23 64.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/congo-democratic-un-idUSL5E8MLH6J20121121 |title=UN defends failed attempt to halt capture of Congo's Goma |date=21 November 2012 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=21 November 2012 |archive-date=29 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129111232/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/21/congo-democratic-un-idUSL5E8MLH6J20121121 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2012, March 23 Movement sun kwace babban birnin lardin Goma bayan sojojin kasa sun ja da baya. Sojojin MONUSCO sun lura ba tare da shiga tsakani ba, domin umarnin su ya ba su izini kawai su kare fararen hula.<ref name=NYT2011>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/21/world/africa/congolese-rebels-reach-goma-reports-say.html |title=Congo Rebels Seize Provincial Capital |author=Jeffrey Gettleman and Josh Kron |date=20 November 2012 |work=The New York Times |access-date=18 November 2012 |archive-date=20 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120190538/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/21/world/africa/congolese-rebels-reach-goma-reports-say.html?_r=0 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> Ministan harkokin wajen Faransa Laurent Fabius ya kira halin da ake ciki "matsala", yana mai lura da yawan adadin MONUSCO, kuma ya yi kira da a sake duba umarnin kungiyar.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jonny Hogg |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-congo-democratic-idUSBRE8AI0UO20121120 |title=Congo rebels seize eastern city as U.N. forces look on |publisher=Reuters |date=20 November 2012 |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=21 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121121162508/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/20/us-congo-democratic-idUSBRE8AI0UO20121120 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Eduardo del Buey ya ce jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya "ba za su iya maye gurbin" sojojin kasa na Congo ba, ya kara da cewa sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 1,500 da ke Goma sun dakatar da harbin su saboda ba sa so su jefa rayukan fararen hula cikin hadari.<ref name=BBC2011>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20405739 |title=DR Congo M23 rebels 'enter Goma city' |publisher=BBC News |date=20 November 2012 |access-date=20 November 2012 |archive-date=5 December 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205032005/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-20405739 |url-status=live |df=dmy }}</ref> ====2013==== {{See also|United Nations Force Intervention Brigade}} File:FIB-training-22 (9311333487).jpg|thumb|Sojojin musamman na Tanzania People's Defence Force yayin atisayen horo a Sake, Yuli 2013 A watan Janairu 2013 shugaban MONUSCO Herve Ladsous ya gaya wa Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a wani taro na sirri cewa manufar tawagar ita ce tura jirage marasa matuka guda uku a yankunan gabashin DRC. Amurka, Birtaniya da sauran membobin Kwamitin Tsaro sun goyi bayan ra'ayin. Sai dai, Rwanda, wacce ta musanta zargin kwararrun Majalisar Dinkin Duniya cewa tana goyon bayan March 23 Movement, ta nuna adawa da wannan shawarar. Tawagar Rwanda ta sanar da Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya cewa Monusco za ta zama "mai tashin hankali" idan ta tura jirage marasa matuka a gabashin DRC. Sauran jami'an diflomasiyya, ciki har da Rasha, China, da wasu daga Turai, sun kuma nuna shakku. Sun ce akwai tambayoyin da ba a amsa ba game da wanda zai karbi bayanan daga jirage marasa matuka da kuma yadda za a yada su, suna bayyana rashin jin dadi game da ra'ayin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta zama mai tattara bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Rwanda-opposes-use-of-drones-DRC-20130109|title=Rwanda opposes use of drones in DRC|publisher=News 24|date=9 December 2013|access-date=11 December 2013|archive-date=14 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214115518/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Rwanda-opposes-use-of-drones-DRC-20130109|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Maris 2013, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya ba da izini ga tura wata rundunar shiga tsakani a cikin MONUSCO don gudanar da ayyukan kai hari, tare da ko ba tare da sojojin kasa na Congo ba, kan kungiyoyin masu dauke da makamai da ke barazana ga zaman lafiya a gabashin DRC. Rundunar tana zaune a Sake, North Kivu, kuma tana kunshe da jimillar jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya 3,069. An dora mata alhakin kashe kungiyoyin masu dauke da makamai, rage barazanar da ke fuskantar ikon Jiha da tsaron fararen hula da kuma samar da sarari don ayyukan daidaitawa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44876#.UizEW9JJOE0|title=Tanzanian troops arrive in eastern DR Congo as part of UN intervention brigade|publisher=United Nations|access-date=8 September 2013|date=10 May 2013|archive-date=28 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928085644/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=44876#.UizEW9JJOE0|url-status=live}}</ref> Rundunar farko ta kunshe da bataliyoyi uku, daya daga kowace daga Afirka ta Kudu, Tanzania da Malawi tare da Rundunar da James Aloizi Mwakibolwa na Tanzania ke jagoranta.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=98140|title=NGOs concerned about new DRC Intervention Brigade|publisher=IrinNews|access-date=30 July 2014|date=31 May 2013|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808040120/http://www.irinnews.org/printreport.aspx?reportid=98140|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2013, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba March 23 Movement wa'adin sa'o'i 48 don barin yankin Goma ko kuma fuskantar "amfani da karfi".<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/07/201373017252298401.html UN gives ultimatum to DR Congo rebels – Africa {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801232357/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/07/201373017252298401.html |date=1 August 2013 }}. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 4 September 2013.</ref> Tsakanin 21 da 29 ga Agusta, gwagwarmaya mai tsanani a wajen Goma ta bar 'yan tawaye 57, sojojin gwamnati 10–23, fararen hula 14 da jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya guda daya daga Tanzania sun mutu. Sojojin gwamnati dari bakwai da ashirin da jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya goma ma sun ji rauni.<ref name="go">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/casualties-congo-troops-forces-fight-rebels-20065097 |title=International News &#124; World News - ABC News &#124; Casualties as Congo and UN Forces Fight Rebels |publisher=abcnews.go.com |access-date=15 March 2016 |archive-date=28 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828083647/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/casualties-congo-troops-forces-fight-rebels-20065097 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="go2">{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/congo-conflict-spills-rwanda-20111030 |title=International News &#124; World News - ABC News &#124; Rebels Declare Ceasefire in Congo |publisher=abcnews.go.com |access-date=15 March 2016 |archive-date=1 September 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130901121605/http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/congo-conflict-spills-rwanda-20111030 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="un">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45727#.UiMppjZHIpk|title=United Nations News Centre - DR Congo: UN chief deplores killing of Tanzanian peacekeeper|date=29 August 2013|publisher=un.org|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-date=5 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105044543/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45727#.UiMppjZHIpk|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="enca">{{cite web|url=http://www.enca.com/africa/sa-snipers-kill-congo-rebels|title=SA snipers kill Congo rebels &#124; eNCA|author=eNCA|work=eNCA |publisher=enca.com|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924000423/http://www.enca.com/africa/sa-snipers-kill-congo-rebels|url-status=live}}</ref> File:A team of technicians prepares for the inaugural flight of an Unmanned-Unarmed Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Goma, North Kivu province (11189522286).jpg|thumb|Wata tawagar kwararru tana shirye-shirye don fara jigilar jiragen sama marasa matuka (UAV) a Goma, lardin North Kivu, Disamba 2013 ====2014==== Bayan harin South Kivu na 2014 a watan Yuni 2014, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanar da cewa za ta tura sojojin wanzar da zaman lafiya na MONUSCO zuwa yankin don kare al'ummar. "Wadannan ayyukan tashin hankali ba za a amince da su ba kuma suna bukatar dakatar da su nan da nan," in ji Kobler.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dispute over cows leaves 37 dead, 20 others injured in eastern Congo|work=Chicago Tribune|date=7 June 2014|author=Crispin Kyalangalilwa|agency=Reuters|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2014/06/07/dispute-over-cows-leaves-37-dead-20-others-injured-in-eastern-congo/|access-date=8 June 2014|archive-date=8 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140608152438/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-06-07/news/sns-rt-us-congo-massacre-20140607_1_national-liberation-forces-cows-burundi|url-status=live}}</ref> ====2015==== A watan Mayu 2015, 'yan tawayen Uganda na Allied Democratic Forces sun yi kwanton bauna a wani ayarin MONUSCO kimanin mil 7 daga Beni, inda suka kashe sojojin Tanzania biyu. An bayar da rahoton cewa wasu jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya hudu sun bata.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32605771 |title=Tanzanian UN peacekeepers killed in DR Congo near Beni |publisher=BBC News |date=6 May 2015 |access-date=27 November 2015 |archive-date=9 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109004635/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-32605771 |url-status=live }}</ref> A watan Oktoba 2015, Maman Sambo Sidikou ya gaji Martin Kobler a matsayin shugaban MONUSCO.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sga1596.doc.htm |title=Secretary-General Appoints Maman Sambo Sidikou of Niger Special Representative for Democratic Republic of Congo |publisher=United Nations |date=8 October 2015 |access-date=8 December 2016 |archive-date=4 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161204185527/http://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sga1596.doc.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> File:Bintou Keita in Kalemie during covid-19 on 26 MARS 2021 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Shugaban MONUSCO Bintou Keita (a dama) a Kalemie a 2021, tana lura da matakan rigakafin COVID-19 ====2017==== A ranar 8 ga Disamba 2017, sansanin aiki na Semuliki, mil 27 daga garin Beni, an kai masa hari mai tsawo wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 15 da sojojin Congo 5. An kuma raunata jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 53. Akalla 12 daga cikin jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da suka mutu 'yan Tanzania ne.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/08/africa/africa-un-peacekeepers-killed/index.html|title=15 UN peacekeepers slain in Congo|author1=Joe Sterling|author2=Robyn Kriel|author3=Eric Levenson|date=8 December 2017|publisher=CNN|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=17 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117151523/https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/08/africa/africa-un-peacekeepers-killed/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/fourteen-un-peacekeepers-killed-in-democratic-republic-of-congo-attack-11161884|title=Fourteen UN peacekeepers killed in Democratic Republic of Congo attack|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=8 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208192535/https://news.sky.com/story/fourteen-un-peacekeepers-killed-in-democratic-republic-of-congo-attack-11161884|url-status=live}}</ref> An yi zargin cewa masu kai harin 'yan tawaye ne na Allied Democratic Forces (ADF).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42285871|title=UN peacekeepers killed in DR Congo|work=BBC News|date=8 December 2017|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=16 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116151500/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42285871|url-status=live}}</ref> Wannan ya kawo jimillar asarar sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tun lokacin da aka fara aikin a Kongo zuwa 93.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/08/peacekeepers-killed-in-attack-on-un-base-in-dr-congo|title=Islamist attack kills at least 15 UN peacekeepers and five soldiers in DRC|first=Jason|last=Burke|date=8 December 2017|website=the Guardian|access-date=17 November 2018|archive-date=22 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022005924/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/08/peacekeepers-killed-in-attack-on-un-base-in-dr-congo|url-status=live}}</ref> ===2020s=== ====2022==== A watan Maris, saboda mamayewar Rasha na Ukraine na 2022, Ukraine ta janye rukunin jiragen sama na helikopta guda takwas.<ref name="UkraineWithdrawal">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62945971 |title=Ukraine troops leave DR Congo peacekeeping mission Monusco |last=Cyuzuzo |first=Samba |website=BBC |date=19 September 2022 |access-date=24 September 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925065053/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62945971 |url-status=live }}</ref> Zanga-zangar adawa da MONUSCO ta barke a karshen watan Yuli a tsakanin zarge-zargen 'yan siyasa da fararen hula na Congo na rashin daukar mataki don kawo karshen rikicin Kivu a cikin kasar. Masu zanga-zangar sun bukaci MONUSCO ta fice daga kasar.<ref name="aj"/> A ranar 26 ga Yuli, mutane goma sha biyar sun mutu yayin da wasu 50 suka ji rauni yayin da jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka bude wuta a wata zanga-zanga a Goma, North Kivu.<ref name="aj">{{Cite web |date=2022-07-26 |title=At least 15 killed as anti-UN protests spread in eastern DR Congo |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/26/un-peacekeepers-troops-shoot-two-protesters-dead-in-goma-drc |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=26 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220726212051/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/7/26/un-peacekeepers-troops-shoot-two-protesters-dead-in-goma-drc |url-status=live }}</ref> A ranar guda, jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya uku da fararen hula bakwai sun mutu yayin wani hari kan sansanin MONUSCO da masu zanga-zanga suka kai a Butembo.<ref name="aj"/> A ranar 27 ga Yuli, masu zanga-zanga hudu a sansanin MONUSCO a Uvira sun mutu sakamakon girgizar lantarki bayan sojoji sun harbi kebul na lantarki wanda ya fado a kansu. Gwamnan South Kivu Théo Ngwabidje Kasi ya yi kira da a gudanar da bincike kan ko sojojin tsaro na Congo ne ko jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na MONUSCO suka harbi kebul din.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kyala |first1=Crispin |last2=Bujakera |first2=Stanis |title=Four civilians electrocuted during Congo anti-U.N. protests |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/four-dead-anti-un-protests-spread-congo-2022-07-27/ |website=Reuters |access-date=28 July 2022 |language=en |date=27 July 2022 |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727150800/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/four-dead-anti-un-protests-spread-congo-2022-07-27/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A watan Satumba, Ukraine ta janye sojojinta 250 daga tawagar.<ref name="UkraineWithdrawal"/> ====2023==== {{See also|2023 DRC anti-MONUSCO protests}} A watan Agusta 2023, masu zanga-zanga sun yi arangama da sojoji a wata zanga-zanga a Goma, Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo, game da sojojin MONUSCO saboda kasa hana tashin hankalin 'yan tawaye a kan fararen hula. A cewar rahotanni, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai 56 a ranar 5 ga Satumba, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two officers arrested over DR Congo crackdown as death toll rises to 56 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/5/two-officers-arrested-in-dr-congo-for-crackdown-that-killed-43-people |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> ====2024==== Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo ta yi kira ga MONUSCO da ta fice daga kasar a tsakanin karuwar fahimtar cewa suna kasa kare fararen hula.<ref>{{Cite web |title=All UN peacekeepers to leave DR Congo by end of 2024 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/1/13/un-says-all-peacekeepers-will-leave-dr-congo-by-end-of-2024 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> MONUSCO ta fara amincewa da cikakken janye sojojinta kafin karshen shekara, tare da farkon matakin janyewar da aka fara a watan Yuli, wanda ya hada da rufe babban ofishinsu a Bukavu, South Kivu.<ref name="MONUSCO Withdrawal">{{Cite web |title=PR: MONUSCO ending its mission in South Kivu after more than 20 Years of Service |url=https://monusco.unmissions.org/en/pr-monusco-ending-its-mission-south-kivu-after-more-20-years-service-0 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=MONUSCO |date=25 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref> A watan Yuli, a tsakanin tsanantar hare-hare na M23 a North Kivu,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Security Council Renews Mandate of Stabilization Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2765 (2024) |2=Meetings Coverage and Press Releases |url=https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15949.doc.htm |access-date=2025-01-04 |website=press.un.org |archive-date=2025-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104011650/https://press.un.org/en/2024/sc15949.doc.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> an dakatar da janyewar kuma an dage shi har abada. Ministan Harkokin Waje Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner ta bayyana damuwa game da haifar da raunin tsaro, tana mai cewa "za mu yi la'akari da ci gaban da muka gani a kasa kafin mu yanke shawarar da ta dace kuma mu fara wannan tsari lokacin da aka cimma mafi kyawun yanayi."<ref name=":1" /> ====2025==== [[File:Paula_Gaviria_Betancur_in_the_DRC.jpg|thumb|left|Mai Rahoto na Musamman, Paula Gaviria Betancur, a 2025 a DRC]] A watan Janairu 2025, M23 ta kwace iko da birnin Goma, kuma akalla sojoji 13 daga Rundunar Tsaro ta Kasa ta Afirka ta Kudu da daya daga Sojan Uruguay sun mutu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sundayworld.co.za/news/sandf-denies-surrendering-to-drcs-m23-rebels/|title=SANDF denies surrendering to DRC's M23 rebels|first=Mpho|last=Koka|date=28 January 2025|website=Sunday World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-25 |title=Murió un soldado uruguayo de los cascos azules en el Congo y otros están heridos: el comunicado del Ejército |url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/mundo/murio-un-soldado-uruguayo-de-los-cascos-azules-en-el-congo-y-otros-estan-heridos-el-comunicado-del-ejercito |access-date=2025-02-01 |website=EL PAIS |language=es-UY}}</ref> A shekarar 2025, Mai Rahoto na Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Paula Gaviria Betancur ta ziyarci Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo (DRC) lokacin da akwai mutane miliyan 7 da suka rasa matsugunansu. Bugu da kari, akwai rikicin makamai kuma ta sadu da wasu daga cikin shugabannin. Ta yi kira da a ba da taimakon kasa da kasa da jagoranci daga gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-30 |title=RDC: la rapporteuse spéciale de l'ONU tire la sonnette d'alarme sur le sort des déplacés |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20250530-rdc-la-rapporteuse-sp%C3%A9ciale-de-l-onu-tire-la-sonnette-d-alarme-sur-le-sort-des-d%C3%A9plac%C3%A9s |access-date=2025-06-01 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> ==Tsari== Hedikwatar tawagar tana Kinshasa, DRC. Tawagar tana kallon DRC a matsayin mai sassa 6, kowanne da nasa hedkwatar ma'aikata. A 2005-2006, an kafa sashin Gabas a Kisangani kuma ya karbi brigades a North Kivu, South Kivu, da Ituri, tare da biyu ko uku na Hedikwatar Sassa. Kudin da aka amince da shi na MONUC, daga 1 ga Yuli 2007 zuwa 30 ga Yuni 2008, ya kai dala biliyan 1.16, mafi girma ga duk wani aikin wanzar da zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na yanzu. ===Kwamandojin Sojoji=== [[File:MONUC deployments Dec 2009.png|thumb|300px|Wurare da aka tura sassan MONUC a Disamba 2009]] ===Hedikwatar Sassa=== * Hedikwatar MONUSCO: Kinshasa * Sashe na 1: Mbandaka * Sashe na 2 da Hedikwatar Sashen Gabas: Kisangani * Sashe na 3: Kananga * Sashe na 4: Kalemie * Sashe na 5: Kindu * Sashe na 6: Bunia ===Adadin Sojoji da Rashe-rashe=== A watan Yuli 2004 akwai sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 10,531 karkashin umarnin MONUC. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2004, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke shawarar tura karin sojoji 5,900 zuwa Congo, duk da cewa Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Kofi Annan ya nemi kimanin 12,000. A ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2005, 'yan wanzar da zaman lafiya na Bangladesh tara sun mutu a hannun 'yan kungiyar tsaron Nationalist and Integrationist Front a lardin Ituri. FNI ta kashe wani dan wanzar da zaman lafiya na Nepali kuma ta kama bakwai a watan Mayu 2006. Biyu daga cikin bakwai an sako su a karshen watan Yuni kuma Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana kokarin tabbatar da sakin sauran biyar.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5119918.stm "An saki jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya na DR Congo biyu" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708231348/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5119918.stm |date=8 July 2006 }}, ''BBC'', 27 Yuni 2006</ref> Zuwa Nuwamba 2005, MONUC ta kunshe da sojoji masu uniform 16,561. A ranar 30 ga Yuli 2006, an dora wa sojojin MONUC alhakin gudanar da babban zaben Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar Kongo na 2006 - zaben farko na jam'iyyu da yawa a DRC tun 1960 - cikin lumana da tsari. Sojojin MONUC sun fara sintiri a yankunan gabashin DRC bayan barkewar rikice-rikice a ranar 5 ga Agusta biyo bayan rudanin tattara sakamakon zabe. Hukumar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kuma tana shirya shirye-shiryen horo daban-daban da gasa a Kongo ga sojojin Congo da na kasa da kasa. An gudanar da wata gasa makamanciyar haka tsakanin sojoji daga dukkan sojojin kasa da kasa kuma bataliyar sojojin Pakistan ce ta ci. Ya zuwa 31 ga Oktoba 2007, jimillar karfin sojojin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kai ma'aikata masu uniform 18,407, ciki har da sojoji 16,661; masu sa ido na soja 735; da 'yan sanda 1,011; tare da goyon bayan ma'aikatan farar hula na kasa da kasa 931, ma'aikatan farar hula na gida 2,062, da masu aikin sa kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 585. Zuwa watan Agusta 2024, a wani bangare ta hanyar rufe sansanonin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Kudancin Sashe,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/monusco-ending-its-mission-south-kivu-after-more-20-years-of-service | title=MONUSCO ending its mission in South Kivu after more than 20 Years of Service }}</ref> kasancewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kai sojoji 14,000; masu sa ido na soja 660; 'yan sanda 591; da ma'aikata 1,050 na sassan 'yan sanda da aka kafa.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/mission/monusco | title=Monusco | access-date=2025-06-11 | archive-date=2009-04-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419223317/http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/minurso/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Agusta 2024, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta rubuta jimillar mutuwar mutane 444 a tsakanin ma'aikatan MONUC da MONUSCO.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/fatalities | title=Fatalities }}</ref> Wadanda suka mutu a MONUC (jimillar 161) sun hada da sojoji 100; masu sa ido na soja 10; 'yan sanda na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 6; fararen hula na kasa da kasa 12; da fararen hula na gida 33. Wadanda suka mutu a MONUSCO (jimillar 283) sun hada da sojoji 159; masu sa ido na soja 3; 'yan sanda na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 18; fararen hula na kasa da kasa 28; da fararen hula na gida 71.<ref>https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/stats_by_mission_appointment_type_3_102_august_2024.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=May 2025}}</ref> ===Ma'aikata da Sojoji=== A ranar 31 ga Oktoba 2007 MONUC tana da jimillar ma'aikata masu uniform 18,407, ciki har da sojoji 16,661, masu sa ido na soja 735, 'yan sanda 1,011, wadanda ma'aikatan farar hula na kasa da kasa 931, ma'aikatan farar hula na gida 2,062 da masu aikin sa kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 585 suka tallafa musu. Ya zuwa watan Yuni 2022, manyan masu ba da gudummawar sojoji, a tsarin adadin sojojin baki daya sune Pakistan, Indiya, Bangladesh, Afirka ta Kudu, Nepal, Indonesia, da Maroko (kusan 10,000). A ranar 20 ga Nuwamba 2008, Kwamitin Tsaro na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya kada kuri'a baki daya don karfafa MONUC da karin jami'an wanzar da zaman lafiya 3,085 don magance matsala a rikicin Nord-Kivu na 2008.<ref name="CNN300"/> Sun kada kuri'a bayan kungiyoyi 44, karkashin jagorancin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Faransa, sun yi wa kwamitin takarda don tura karin sojoji don daidaita yankin.<ref name="CNNCoalition"/> Ya zuwa 31 ga Agusta 2011, sojojin MONUSCO sun hada da ma'aikata masu uniform 19,084, daga cikinsu 16,998 sojoji ne, 743 masu sa ido na soja ne kuma 1,343 'yan sanda ne (ciki har da sassan da aka kafa). Bugu da kari, sojojin sun hada da ma'aikatan farar hula na kasa da kasa 983, ma'aikatan farar hula na gida 2,828 da masu aikin sa kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya 600.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/monusco/facts.shtml |title=MONUSCO Facts and Figures – United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo |work=un.org |access-date=16 October 2011 |archive-date=15 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015002326/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/monusco/facts.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> ====Ma'aikatan Kwamanda==== File:MONUSCO Ml-24 flight reconnaissance in North Kivu.jpg|thumb|Ofishin jirgin sama na Ukraine yana sintiri a North Kivu Sunayen ma'aikatan kwamanda na MONUSCO sune kamar haka: * A watan Janairu 2021, an nada Bintou Keita don jagorantar MONUSCO kuma ta zama Wakiliyar Musamman ta Sakatare-Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a DRC.<ref name=onorg>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-14|title=Ms. Bintou Keita of Guinea - Special Representative of the Secretary-General in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Head of the UN Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO)|url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2021-01-14/ms-bintou-keita-of-guinea-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-head-of-the-un-organization|access-date=2021-07-02|website=United Nations Secretary-General|language=en|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801050743/https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2021-01-14/ms-bintou-keita-of-guinea-special-representative-of-the-secretary-general-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-and-head-of-the-un-organization|url-status=live}}</ref> ** 2018–21: Leila Zerrougui (Algeria) ** 2015–17: Maman Sambo Sidikou (Nijar)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/monusco/leadership.shtml|title=MONUSCO Leadership – United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|work=un.org|access-date=14 February 2015|archive-date=14 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214143714/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/monusco/leadership.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> ** 2013–15: Martin Kobler (Jamus) ** 2010–13: Roger A. Meece (Amurka) ** 2007–10: Alan Doss (Birtaniya) ** 2003–07: William L. Swing (Amurka) ** 2001–03: Amos Namanga Ngongi (Kamaru) ** 1999–2001: Kamel Morjane (Tunisiya) * Mataimakin Wakilin Musamman na Sakatare-Janar: Abdallah Wafy (Nijar) * Mataimakin Wakilin Musamman na Sakatare-Janar: Kim Bolduc (Kanada)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sga1768.doc.htm|title=Secretary-General Appoints Kim Bolduc of Canada Deputy Special Representative, United Nations Mission in Democratic Republic of Congo | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases|website=www.un.org|language=en|access-date=2018-12-04|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709215203/https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sga1768.doc.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> * Kwamandan Sojoji: Lieutenant General Derrick Mgwebi (Afirka ta Kudu) * Kwamishinan 'Yan Sanda: Général Pascal Champion (Faransa) ==Kasashe Masu Ba da Gudummawa == Ya zuwa 28 ga Fabrairu, 2025, jimillar ma'aikata a cikin tawagar sun kai 11,774:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Troop and police contributors |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=2022-07-27 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630060533/https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2013/jun13_5.pdf |title=UN Mission's Contributions by Country |date=30 June 2013 |publisher=Page 5, UN |access-date=17 July 2013 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913181726/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/contributors/2013/jun13_5.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>http://kitekinto.hu/afrika/2012/06/04/magyar_katonak_kuzdelme_afrikai_hadurakkal/#.UiTGc9LWVlk Sojojin Hungary sun yi yaki da sarakunan yaki na Afirka {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501071559/http://kitekinto.hu/afrika/2012/06/04/magyar_katonak_kuzdelme_afrikai_hadurakkal/#.UiTGc9LWVlk |date=1 May 2016 }}. Kitekinto.hu. An dawo da shi 4 Satumba 2013.</ref> {{Image frame | caption= {{legend|darkblue|Gudummawar Sojoji (Jimilla)}} | pos=top | align = center | content = {{Graph:Chart | width=700 | height=200 | xAxisTitle=Kasa | yAxisTitle=Adadin Sojoji | type=rect | showSymbols= | colors=DarkBlue, gold, DarkRed | xAxisAngle=-50 | showValues=offset:5, fontcolor:DarkRed | x=Algeria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chad, China, Ivory Coast, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Egypt, France, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Serbia Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe | y=2, 1827, 1, 31, 0, 5, 3, 26, 23, 10, 17, 12, 229, 29, 2, 2, 25, 357, 5, 5, 27, 155, 27, 2040, 1051, 3, 220, 267, 1, 747, 6, 27, 2, 923, 1163, 25, 7, 1, 1975, 7, 6, 2, 2, 23, 19, 444, 1, 2, 952, 4, 2, 866, 28, 37, 9, 265, 6, 3, 828, 6, 3, }} }} {{Table alignment}} {| class="wikitable sortable col5right" |- ! scope="col" style="width:160px;" |Kasa ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" |'Yan sanda ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" |Kwararru ! scope="col" style="width:100px;" |Sojoji da jami'an ma'aikata !Jimilla |- | {{flag icon:Algeria}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |0 |2 |- | {{BAN}} | align="center" |183 | align="center" |5 | align="center" |1756 |{{sum|183|5|1756}} |- | {{flag:Benin}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |4 |{{sum|3|4}} |- | {{flag:Bhutan}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |1 |- | {{flag:Bolivia}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |1 |- | {{flag:Botswana}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |2 |2 |- | {{flag:Brazil}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |12 |{{sum|1|12}} |- | {{flag:Burkina Faso}} | align="center" |19 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |{{sum|19|1}} |- | {{flag:Cameroon}} | align="center" |12 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |12 |- | {{flag:Canada}} | align="center" |3 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |8 |{{sum|3|8}} |- | {{flag:Chad}} | align="center" |19 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |19 |- | {{flag:China}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |6 | align="center" |7 |{{sum|6|7}} |- | {{flag:Ivory Coast}} | align="center" |17 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |17 |- | {{flag:Czech Republic}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |0 |1 |- | {{flag:Djibouti}} | align="center" |21 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |21 |- | {{flag:Egypt}} | align="center" |190 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |5 |{{sum|190|1|5}} |- | {{flag:France}} | align="center" |2 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 |{{sum|2|3}} |- | {{flag:Gambia}} | align="center" |8 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |2 |{{sum|8|2}} |- | {{flag:Ghana}} | align="center" |3 | align="center" |8 | align="center" |7 |{{sum|3|8|7}} |- | {{flag:Guatemala}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |183 |{{sum|1|183}} |- | {{flag:India}} | align="center" |159 | align="center" |8 | align="center" |1098 |{{sum|159|8|1098}} |- | {{flag:Indonesia}} | align="center" |9 | align="center" |5 | align="center" |1028 |{{sum|9|5|1028}} |- | {{flag:Jordan}} | align="center" |11 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |137 |{{sum|11|1|137}} |- | {{flag:Kenya}} | align="center" |5 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |395 |{{sum|5|2|395}} |- | {{flag:Malawi}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |744 |{{sum|1|744}} |- | {{flag:Malaysia}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |5 |{{sum|3|5}} |- | {{flag:Mali}} | align="center" |20 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |20 |- | {{flag:Morocco}} | align="center" |2 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |924 |{{sum|2|3|924}} |- | {{flag:Nepal}} | align="center" |5 | align="center" |8 | align="center" |979 |{{sum|5|8|979}} |- | {{flag:Niger}} | align="center" |20 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |2 |{{sum|20|1|2}} |- | {{flag:Nigeria}} | align="center" |3 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |1 |{{sum|3|1|1}} |- | {{flag:Pakistan}} | align="center" |3 | align="center" |10 | align="center" |361 |{{sum|3|10|361}} |- | {{flag:Paraguay}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 | align="center" |3 |{{sum|3|3}} |- | {{flag:Peru}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |2 |2 |- | {{flag:Russia}} | align="center" |10 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |2 |{{sum|10|2|2}} |- | {{flag:Senegal}} | align="center" |548 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |11 |{{sum|548|1|11}} |- | {{flag:Sierra Leone}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |1 |- | {{flag:South Africa}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1086 |1086 |- | {{flag:Sweden}} | align="center" |3 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |3 |- | {{flag:Switzerland}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |1 |1 |- | {{flag:Tanzania}} | align="center" |18 | align="center" |1 | align="center" |856 |{{sum|18|1|856}} |- | {{flag:Togo}} | align="center" |9 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |9 |- | {{flag:Tunisia}} | align="center" |23 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |7 |{{sum|23|2|7}} |- | {{flag:Turkey}} | align="center" |5 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 |5 |- | {{flag:United Kingdom}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 |3 |- | {{flag:United States}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 |3 |- | {{flag:Uruguay}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |4 | align="center" |704 |{{sum|4|704}} |- | {{flag:Zambia}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |2 | align="center" |0 |2 |- | {{flag:Zimbabwe}} | align="center" |0 | align="center" |0 | align="center" |3 |3 |- ! Jimilla ! align="center" |1334 ! align="center" |89 ! align="center" |10351 !{{sum|1334|89|10351}} |} ===Fararen Hula=== Ma'aikatan fararen hula na kasa da kasa da masu aikin sa kai, da 'yan kasar DRC: 2,636 * Ma'aikatan kasa da kasa: 816 * Masu aikin sa kai na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya: 482 * 'Yan kasar DRC: 1,338 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b3vikycjigo1skv44uj6r3e5lntts5k 0 102732 828198 721164 2026-04-30T23:55:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828198 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn">Levan Songulashvili</div> | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="nickname" lang="ka"> Ɗaukaka</div> |- class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="3008" data-file-type="bitmap" data-file-width="2000" decoding="async" height="376" resource="./File:Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg/250px-Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg/500px-Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg/500px-Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg 2x" width="250" | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption"> Songulashvili a cikin 2017</div> |- class="infobox-label" scope="row" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Haihuwa | class="infobox-data" | <span style="display:none">( <span class="bday">1991-08-17</span> )</span> 17 ga Agusta, 1991 <span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow">(shekara&nbsp;33)</span><br /><br /><br /><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline"> [[Tbilisi]], Jojiya</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" | Ilimi | class="infobox-data" | |} {{Reflist|25em}} '''Levan Songulashvili''' ( {{lang-ka|ლევან სონღულაშვილი}} ; an haife shi sha bakwai 17 ga watan Agusta,shekarar alif dubu daya 1991) ɗan asalin [[Georgia|Jojiya]] ne wanda aka haife shi a [[New York (birni)|New York]] - mai zane na gini; mai zane, draughtsman, sannan kuma mai fasahar bidiyo na multimedia. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Songulashvili a Tbilisi, ranar sha bakwai 17 ga watan Agustan [[Shekarar yarda|shekarar]] alif dubu daya da ɗari tara tis'in da daya ɗari tara da tis'in da daya 1991. A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da ashirin da daya 2021, Gidan Tarihi na [[Georgiana Freeman|Georgian]] ya gabatar da nunin solo na Levan Songulashvili. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TRIPTYCHOS - Solo Show of Levan Songulashvili |url=https://museum.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=69&info_id=16175tra |website=museum.ge}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Levan Songulashvili: Triptychos - Announcements - e-flux |url=https://www.e-flux.com/announcements/422643/levan-songulashvilitriptychos/ |website=www.e-flux.com}}</ref> A wannan shekarar an sanya wa mai zane suna Forbes Georgia 30 Under 30 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=30 UNDER 30 &#124; Forbes Georgia |url=https://under30.ge/ |website=under30.ge}}</ref> A shekarar alif dubu biyu da sha daya 2011, an gayyaci mawaƙin mai shekaru 19 zuwa Jamus a wani ɓangare na aikin fasaha, inda ya tsara wasan kwaikwayo tare da takwarorinsa na Jamus. <ref name="levan.gallery">{{Cite web |title=Bio – Levan Songulashvili |url=http://levan.gallery/bio |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=levan.gallery |archive-date=30 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830022951/http://levan.gallery/bio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lokacin yana da shekaru 21, Songulashvili ya gama karatu daga Kwalejin Fasaha ta Jihar Tbilisi tare da digiri na farko a [[zane]] da bugawa . Ya lashe guraben karo ilimi da yawa da kyaututtuka na fasaha kuma ya zama ɗan wasan Georgian na farko wanda ya sami digirinsa na Master (MFA) tare da girmamawa daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta [[New York]] a cikin [[Painting|zane]] . <ref name="levan.gallery"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbes-ის 30 Under 30-ის გამარჯვებულების სია ცნობილია |url=https://bm.ge/ka/article/forbes-is-30-under-30-is-gamarjvebulebis-sia-/80610}}</ref> A cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018, Songulashvili ya sami babban baje kolinsa mai cin gashin kansa "The STYX" a cikin wurare biyu na gallery, wanda Mark [[Gisbourne]] ya tsara. Nunin ya haɗa da jerin zane-zane da na'urorin fina-finai waɗanda aka sadaukar da kai ga medusozoa jellyfish. A cikin sarari na biyu akwai wani bidiyon da aka yi hasashe na shigarwar muhalli mai bango uku "Tsarin Abubuwan", wanda aka yi fim a gidan kayan tarihi na Guggenheim da sabon Oculus da aka kammala a New York. Har ila yau, aikin ya ƙunshi babban ɓangaren sassaka mai koma baya. Baje kolin baje kolin shi ne na “tafi” da tafiyar rayuwa, sosai dai-dai-dai da ƙwararren masanin ilimin ɗan adam Joseph Campbell, sanannen ilimin tarihin tarihin tarihin Jarumi, daga rayuwa zuwa mutuwa, jahilci zuwa wayewa, daga yini zuwa dare, da na dawowar har abada. Ga Songulashvili wannan ya zama duka misalan duniya da jigo mai ƙirƙira, haka kuma a matsayin ƙarin simi na haɓakar rayuwar ɗan wasan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The STYX &#124; Levan Songulashvili's solo show &#124; Ertigallery |url=http://ertigallery.com/the-styx-levan-songulashvilis-solo-show/}}</ref> A cikin shekarar alif dubu biyu da sha takwas 2018, an gabatar da shigarwar mataki mai ban mamaki na Songulashvili "IDEM ET IDEM" don mawaƙin Giya Kancheli na tarihin kide-kide tare da fara wasan duniya na sabon shirin kiɗan sa na ƙungiyar mawaƙa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa. Inda aka yi wahayi zuwa ga ɗaya daga cikin jerin zanen [[Songulashvili]] mawaƙin ya ba da taken aikinsa da suna iri ɗaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-21 |title=ლევან სონღულაშვილი Strokes of Genius–ის გამარჯვებულია |url=http://artnews.ge/?p=32495 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana nuna ayyukan mawaƙin da kayan aikin multimedia a cikin ɗakunan fasaha, tarin masu zaman kansu, da gidajen tarihi na duniya, gami da na Sotheby's{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2021}} (NYC), Kwalejin Kimiyya na Royal da Saatchi Gallery . Yankunan masu zanen suna cikin tarin din-dindin na Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn da kuma kan gani na dindindin a The Rustaveli National Theater . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Georgian artist's works join Picasso, Van Gogh at Brooklyn Museum |url=https://www.georgianjournal.ge/arts-a-culture/33627-georgian-artists-works-join-picasso-van-gogh-at-brooklyn-museum.html |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=GeorgianJournal}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brooklyn Museum |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/19997/objects |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org |archive-date=9 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909151700/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/artists/19997/objects |url-status=dead }}</ref> Songulashvili ya karɓi lambar yabo ta shugaban ƙasa <ref name="georgianjournal.ge" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agenda.ge – Young Georgian painter features at Sotheby's art auction |url=http://agenda.ge/news/42960/eng |access-date=December 1, 2015 |website=agenda.ge}}</ref> da lambar yabo ta Majalisar Jihar New York don Nasarorin da Gudunmawa ga Arts. <ref name="georgianjournal.ge">{{Cite web |title=Levan Songulashvili – Young Georgian discovery of world art |url=http://www.georgianjournal.ge/arts-a-culture/33031-levan-songulashvili-young-georgian-discovery-of-world-art.html |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=GeorgianJournal |archive-date=29 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629235955/https://www.georgianjournal.ge/arts-a-culture/33031-levan-songulashvili-young-georgian-discovery-of-world-art.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2016 |title=ქართველი მხატვარი ნიუ იორკში დააჯილდოვეს • artinfo.ge |url=http://artinfo.ge/2016/09/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98-%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D-2/ |access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2016 |title=ლევან სონღულაშვილი ნიუ-იორკის შტატის ასამბლეამ დააჯილდოვა |url=http://kvira.ge/283623 |access-date=29 April 2018}}</ref> Songulashvili kuma yana rubuta [[Littattafan Hausa Guda Ɗari (100)|litattafan]] tunani, ƙasidu, ayoyi da buga piano. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ლევან სონღულაშვილი - ქართველები უცხოეთში |url=http://www.nplg.gov.ge/emigrants/ka/00000454/}}</ref> == Ayyukan fasaha == Levan Songulashvili ya bayyana aikinsa ta hanyar cewa, "Na damu da asirin rayuwa, asalinsa, hawan hawan da ba a ƙare ba da kuma sake farfaɗowa kuma ina tambayar wayewar halin yanzu wanda muka sami kanmu kuma muna mamaki: menene zai zama makomar bil'adama? Abin da ke da matsala ga masana kimiyya yana da ban sha'awa a gare ni. Wannan tsari yana kama da neman wanda ba zai ƙare ba, ya kamata in ba da amsa ga mai zane-zane. wata jiha, bayan na yi tunani, wani shakuwa marar hankali ya bukace ni da in sami ruwa a cikin sahara, wanda zai kai ni ga teku”. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-26 |title=Levan Songulashvili - New York, NY Artist - Painters - Artistaday.com |url=https://www.artistaday.com/?p=40749 |access-date=29 April 2018 |website=www.artistaday.com}}</ref> == Stoicheîon 金星 == A cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da sha tara 2019, Songulashvili ya kasance mai zane a zaune a [[Singafora|Singapore]], inda ya fahimci wani aikin solo na multimedia mai suna Stoicheîon 金星. Nunin ya gabatar da na'urorin bidiyo masu ban sha'awa guda biyu da zaɓi na zanen tawada Jafananci a Objectifs - cibiyar daukar hoto da fim, Chapel Gallery. == Tsarin Abubuwan == [[Fayil:SYSTEM_OF_OBJECTS_by_Levan_Songulashvili_.jpg|left|thumb| Tsarin Abubuwan Abubuwan (bidiyo-sculpture, shigarwa) na Levan Songulashvili, 2018.]] == Littafi Mai Tsarki == * Levan Songulashvili, Basak Senova: ''Triptychos'', Window Project (2021),{{ISBN|9789941838309}} * Levan Songulashvili: ''ASSOCIO'', Monograph (2020),{{ISBN|9789941810909}} * Mark Gisbourne, ''Levan Songulashvili: The STYX'', Erti (2018),{{ISBN|9789941800832}} == Kyaututtuka da zaɓe == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] aiaz77wo5aq80f8dkwzfjb03z6w6la6 0 104887 828124 672962 2026-04-30T18:56:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Slaveshipposter.jpg|thumb|236x236px| Buga "Brookes" - wahayi ga "La Bouche du Roi"]] '''''La Bouche du Roi''''' (Faransa - bakin sarki) wani zane ne na Romuald Hazoumé (an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), wani mai fasaha daga Jamhuriyar Bénin, Afirka ta Yamma, don bikin cika shekaru 200 na [[Dokar Kasuwancin Bayi ta 1807|kawar da bautar bayi]].<ref>[http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/whats_on/touring_exhibitions_and_loans/la_bouche_du_roi.aspx BM site]</ref> [[Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya|Gidan kayan tarihi na Burtaniya]] ya sayi shi (tare da taimako daga Asusun Fasaha na Ƙasa), inda aka nuna shi a cikin Room 35 daga ranar 22 ga watan Maris zuwa 13 Mayu 2007 kafin yawon shakatawa na shekaru 2 zuwa Hull (Wilberforce House), Liverpool, Bristol, Newcastle da London (Horniman Museum). An ba da labarin samun sa a cikin wani labari na jerin shirye-shiryen ''gidan kayan gargajiya''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/art/labouche.html |title=1807 Commemorated |access-date=2025-07-08 |archive-date=2011-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516121557/http://www.history.ac.uk/1807commemorated/exhibitions/art/labouche.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> An samar da shi a tsakanin shekarun 1997 zuwa 2005 kuma ana kiransa da sunan wani wuri, Bouche du Roy da ke [[Benin|ƙasar Benin]] wanda daga shi ake kai bayin Afirka zuwa ƙasashen Caribbean da Amurka.<ref>[http://www.dumdum.co.uk/sphericalvr/la_bouche.htm QuickTime Virtual Realty 'La Bouche du Roi']{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A faffaɗan mahallin, da farko gargaɗi ne a kan kowane irin kwaɗayi na ɗan adam, cin zarafi da bautar da su, na tarihi da na zamani. Ana yin ta ne daga haɗe-haɗe da kayan da suka haɗa da gwangwanin man fetur (ƙara ƙara don riƙewa), kayan yaji, da abubuwan sauti da na gani (misali karatun sunayen Yarbawa, Mahi da Wémé daga ƙarƙashin abin rufe fuska, mugayen sauti na jirgin bayi, da bidiyo na masu tseren mai a kasuwar baƙar fata a Bénin na zamani). Shirye-shiryen zane-zane ya tuna da shahararren bugu na ƙarni na 18 na jirgin bayi, Brookes. 304 'masks' an yi su ne daga waɗannan gwangwani na man fetur, kowannensu yana da buɗe baki, idanu da hanci, yana nuna hotunan Brookes, duk da haka yana mayar da mutum-mutumi da al'adun Afirka ga bayi ta hanyar haɗawa da alamun gumakan Afirka (Vodou ko orisha) wanda aka haɗe zuwa kowane 'fuska'. Fuskoki guda biyu a bayan jirgin - tare da ma'auni na adalci a tsakanin su suna wakiltar sarki farar fata da aka sanya wa Benin da kuma [[Oba of Benin|ɗan asalin Benin na Benin]], wanda ke magance matsalolin Afirka ''da'' Turai game da cinikin. An haɗa kwalaben barasa, beads da harsashi na shanu a matsayin misalan kayan da aka yi amfani da su wajen sayan bayi, kamar taba da kayan kamshi, kamshinsu yana haɗe da na jirgin bayi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.dumdum.co.uk/sphericalvr/la_bouche_du_roi.htm |title=QuickTime Virtual Realty 'La Bouche du Roi' view 2 |access-date=2025-07-08 |archive-date=2025-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810034350/http://dumdum.co.uk/sphericalvr/la_bouche_du_roi.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == 7l79j1ce62it70p5ri6esxr9hh7to39 0 105183 828187 657898 2026-04-30T21:52:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828187 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Lawan Shettima Ali, (an haife shi a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1966), ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne wanda ke wakiltar mazabar Tarayya ta Bursari / Geidam / Yunusari ta Jihar Yobe a cikin Majalisar Wakilai.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/30 |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=nass.gov.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ShineYourEye |url=https://www.shineyoureye.org/person/alli-lawan-shettima |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=www.shineyoureye.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Ali-Lawan-Shettima-3911 |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/lawan-shettima-ali |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Matazu |first=Hamisu Kabir |date=8 April 2019 |title=How we won the 2019 elections in Yobe State – DG, APC Campaign Organisation - Daily Trust |url=https://dailytrust.com/how-we-won-the-2019-elections-in-yobe-state-dg-apc-campaign-organisation/ |access-date=7 January 2025 |website=dailytrust |language=en-US}}</ref> == Tarihi da farkon rayuwarsa == An haifi Ali a ranar 15 ga watan Janairun 1966. Ya fito ne daga jihar Yobe, Najeriya.<ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka == Ali ya fara tafiyarsa ta siyasa a matsayin memba na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Yobe, yana aiki daga 1991 zuwa 1993. Ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na musamman kan batutuwan siyasa da majalisa, ga Gwamnan Jihar Yobe, [[Bukar Ibrahim|Bukar Abba Ibrahim]] . An zabe shi a karkashin dandalin All Progressives Congress (APC), a cikin Majalisar Wakilai tun daga shekarar 2019. A lokacin Majalisar ta 9, ya rike mukamin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwamitin Majalisar kan Media da Harkokin Jama'a, kuma a halin yanzu yana aiki a Majalisar ta 10.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] k4m3ubir14k5v15w4atxbxdmn7zb1td 0 105359 827963 743681 2026-04-30T12:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kungiyar <nowiki>''</nowiki>Yancin ɗan adam ta Libya''' (LLHR) kungiya ce ta' yancin dan adam a cikin Cibiyar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta Yuro-Mediterranean.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.libya-watanona.com/hrights/llhr/ll19035a.htm|title=Announcement of the establishment of the Libyan League for Human Rights issued on 2 March 1989|date=2005-03-19|publisher=LLHR|access-date=2011-03-14|archive-date=2016-09-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160901080218/http://www.libya-watanona.com/hrights/llhr/ll19035a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> LLHR an kafa ta ne a ranar 2 ga Maris 1989 ta Soliman Bouchuiguir, Hussein Raiani, Mohammad Zayyan, da Mansour Kikhia . [1] A cewar shafin yanar gizon League, "Mansour Kikhia, tsohon jakadan Libya a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ya sauya sheka zuwa Amurka a 1980 kuma, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1993, an sace shi a Masar kuma daga baya aka kai shi Libya, inda aka yi imanin cewa an kashe shi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://libyanleague.org/|title=Libyan League for Human Rights|access-date=2025-07-11|archive-date=2019-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125014633/http://libyanleague.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> " Ya zuwa shekara ta 2001, LLHR tana da hedkwata daga [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]], tare da rassa a Bornheim, Jamus da Ingila.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-09 |title=Libya/Germany: Libyan League for Human Rights/Germany; its membership; size of organization; location other than Germany; whether one can be member and not reside in Germany |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,DEU,,3df4bed31c,0.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017212556/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country%2C%2CIRBC%2C%2CDEU%2C%2C3df4bed31c%2C0.html |archive-date=2012-10-17 |publisher=UNHCR}} The UNHCR cited a telephone interview with a professor of political science in San Antonio, Texas.</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta bude aiki a Arewacin Amurka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-09 |title=PRO-GADHAFI KIDNAP GANGS SILENCE FOES |url=http://bltwy.msnbc.msn.com/politics/pro-gadhafi-kidnap-gangs-silence-foes-1683082.story |publisher=MSNBC}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024}} MSNBC cites interview with Libyan League for Human Rights North America spokesperson.</ref> Kungiyar tana adawa da hukuncin kisa a Libya da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No to the Death Penalty in Iraq and Everywhere |url=http://www.libya-watanona.com/hrights/llhr/ll28126e.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195413/http://www.libya-watanona.com/hrights/llhr/ll28126e.htm |archive-date=2016-03-03 |access-date=2011-03-10 |publisher=libya-watanona.com}}</ref> Tun farkon yakin basasar Libya na 2011, LLHR ta fitar da sanarwa da ke Allah wadai da tashin hankali kan masu zanga-zangar da kuma amfani da fyade, azabtarwa, da sace-sacen Gaddafi a matsayin kayan aikin yaki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statements of LLHR |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes.php?id=127350130672200 |publisher=LLHR}}</ref> Har ila yau, ta yi magana da Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Tarayyar Turai kan take hakkin dan adam a lokacin yakin basasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statements of LLHR |url=https://www.facebook.com/notes.php?id=127350130672200 |publisher=LLHR}}</ref> LLHR ta taka rawar gani wajen wayar da kan jama'a game da tsare dan kasar Amurka Abdelgader Gibani a watan Fabrairun 2011 da kuma karfafawa Amurkawa su kira Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje don sauƙaƙa sakin sa. An saki Gibani a ranar 2 ga Maris 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Citizen Detained in Libya |url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=128564017217478 |publisher=LLHR}}</ref> A ranar 27 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Libya ta bude bincike kan duk wata hulɗa tsakanin 'yan Libya da hukumomin tilasta bin doka na Amurka da kuma hukumomin da suka danganci su (ciki har da FBI, CIA, tilasta bin ka'idojin gida, TSA, da CBP, da kuma Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Cikin Gida da Ma'aikatu) tun watan Fabrairun shekara na shekara ta 2011. LLHR ta ambaci shaidar cewa FBI da sauran hukumomin tilasta bin doka na Amurka sun yi niyya ga 'yan asalin Libya da Amurka a gidajensu da wuraren aiki da kuma a kan iyakar Amurka da Kanada da filayen jirgin sama a duk faɗin Amurka. A cikin sanarwa game da binciken, LLHR ta nuna cewa a halin yanzu ana hana 'yan asalin Amurka biyu na asalin Libya shiga Amurka. LLHR ta nuna cewa waɗannan ayyukan "kai tsaye sun lalata Mataki na 9 zuwa 12 na Universal Declaration for Human Rights (UDHR), wanda ke kare dukkan 'yan adam daga kamawa, tsarewa, da gudun hijira, da tsangwama da sirri," da kuma "yancin waɗannan mutane ga' yancin motsi da komawa ƙasarsu ta zama ɗan ƙasa, kamar yadda aka tabbatar a Mataki na 13 na UDHR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statements of LLHR |url=http://libyanleague.org/category/statements/ |publisher=LLHR |access-date=2025-07-11 |archive-date=2018-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901011813/http://libyanleague.org/category/statements/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == jksui6bejjqk48a5zgt4fk9w2xrk7ob 0 107204 827989 733148 2026-04-30T14:10:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A cikin dokar kasa da kasa, kwamitin yarjejeniya (ko kwamitin yarjejeniyar) kungiya ce ta duniya da aka kafa ta masana masu zaman kansu waɗanda ke sa ido kan yadda jihohin da ke cikin wani kayan aikin shari'a na kasa da kasa ke aiwatar da wajibai a ƙarƙashinsa. == Ma'anar == [[Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya]] ta bayyana "kwararren kwararru na yarjejeniya" kamar haka:<blockquote>"kungiyar da ta kunshi masana da ke aiki a cikin ikon kansu, wanda aka kafa a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniya kuma ba wani bangare ne na ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ba".<ref>{{Cite web |last=UN General Assembly |date=2019 |title="Subsequent agreements and subsequent practice in relation to the interpretation of treaties" Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018 [A/RES/73/202] |url=https://undocs.org/A/RES/73/202 |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=undocs.org}}</ref></blockquote>Jagoran bincike da ɗakin karatu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya buga ya lissafa mahimman halaye na yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kurtas |first=Susan |title=Research Guides: UN Documentation: Human Rights: Treaty-based Bodies |url=https://research.un.org/en/docs/humanrights/treaties |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=research.un.org |language=English |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124113253/https://research.un.org/en/docs/humanrights/treaties |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Sun "suna da wanzuwarsu daga tanadi da ke cikin takamaiman kayan aiki na doka". * Suna riƙe da ƙayyadaddun umarni, sau da yawa ana iyakance su ga saitin iko da aka tsara a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kafa su. * Masu sauraron da hukumomin yarjejeniyar ke magana da su an iyakance su ne ga ƙasashen da suka tabbatar da kayan aikin doka (kamar yadda ya saba da hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya waɗanda ke jin daɗin masu sauraro na duniya), * Shawarwarin su sau da yawa ya haɗa da yarjejeniya. Musamman, masana da suka dace da yarjejeniyar yarjejeniya yawanci suna aiki a cikin ikon kansu (watau, ba wakiltar ƙasarsu ba). Kungiyoyin yarjejeniya sun bambanta da "kungiyoyin kasa da kasa" kamar haka, kamar hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, shirye-shirye, ko wasu kungiyoyin kasa da kasa. Akwai ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya da yawa, musamman dangane da [[Dokar 'yancin dan adam ta kasa da kasa|Dokar haƙƙin ɗan adam ta duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty Bodies |url=https://academy.ishr.ch/table_of_treaty_bodies/ |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=ISHR Academy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2018 |title=OHCHR {{!}} TreatyBodies |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/Pages/TreatyBodies.aspx |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=www.ohchr.org}}</ref> Koyaya, akwai kuma ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya da ke da alaƙa da kayan aikin da ba na ɗan adam ba kamar UPOV ko INCB .<ref>{{Cite web |last=Riboulet-Zemouli |first=Kenzi |last2=Krawitz |first2=Michael A. |date=2021-02-24 |title=Voluntary Contribution to INCB Guidelines on Medical Cannabis – Due Diligence, Good Faith, & Technical Concerns |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3829901 |language=en |ssrn=3829901}}</ref> An bayyana umarnin hukumomin yarjejeniya gabaɗaya a cikin yarjejeniyar da ta kafa su, kuma wani lokacin ta hanyar yanke shawara ko ƙuduri na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-31 |title=UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies |url=https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/ |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=International Justice Resource Center |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124084045/https://ijrcenter.org/un-treaty-bodies/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyoyin yarjejeniya wani lokacin suna yin ƙarin ayyuka fiye da sa ido kan bin yarjejeniyar kawai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rough Guide to the Human Rights Treaty Bodies |url=https://www.universal-rights.org/human-rights-rough-guides/a-rough-guide-to-the-human-rights-treaty-bodies/ |access-date=2022-01-24 |website=Universal Rights Group |language=en-US}}</ref> == Jerin ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya == {| class="wikitable" |+Jerin ƙungiyoyin yarjejeniya (ba cikakke ba) !Kungiyar yarjejeniya !Yarjejeniya !Ranar halitta !Hedikwatar |- |Kwamitin Yaki da Torture |Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da azabtarwa |1987 |[[Geneva]] |- |Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam (CCPR) |Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa |1977 |[[Geneva]] |- | rowspan="3" |Hukumar Kula da Magunguna ta Duniya (INCB) |1961 Yarjejeniya guda ɗaya kan Magunguna | rowspan="3" |1968 | rowspan="3" |[[Vienna]] |- |1971 Yarjejeniyar kan Magunguna |- |Yarjejeniyar 1988 game da haramtacciyar zirga-zirga a cikin miyagun ƙwayoyi da magungunan psychotropic |- |Hukumar Kula da Kifi ta Duniya (IWC) |[[Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa don Ka'idar Whaling|Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Gudanar da Kifi]] |1946 |Impington |- | rowspan="3" |Sakatariyar Yarjejeniyar kan Bambancin Halitta |Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity | rowspan="3" |1992 | rowspan="3" |[[Montréal|Montreal]] |- |[[Ka'idar Cartagena akan Biosafety|Yarjejeniyar Cartagena akan Tsaro]] |- |Yarjejeniyar Nagoya kan Samun dama da raba fa'idodi |- |Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kare Sabbin Iri-iri na Shuke-shuke (UPOV) |Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Kasa don Kare Sabbin Iri-iri na Shuke-shuke |1968 |[[Geneva]] |- |Hukumar Kula da Ruwa ta Duniya (ISA) |[[Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Teku|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Dokar Tekun]] |1994 |[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]] |} == Dubi kuma == * Dokar kasa da kasa * [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] * [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|Kungiyoyin yarjejeniyar kare hakkin dan adam]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ƴancin Ɗan Adam]] 1trrm0ilc25zjp9zy8hj69ipn6flmb9 0 107707 828059 688057 2026-04-30T17:59:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828059 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwango ta Faransa''' ([[Faransanci|French]]: Congo français), wanda kuma akafi sani da '''Kongo ta Tsakiya''' ([[Faransanci|French]]: Moyen-Congo), yankin [[Yankunan Afirka na Faransa|Turawan mulkin mallaka]] ne na [[Faransa]] wanda a wani lokaci ya ƙunshi yankin [[Jamhuriyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Kongo]] da wasu sassan [[Gabon]] da [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka]]. A cikin shekarar 1910, an sanya shi wani yanki na babban yankin [[Faransa Equatorial Afirka]].<ref name="Histmil"/> [[Jamhuriyar Kwango]] ta [[Zamani Ibrahim|zamani]] ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ƙasar da ta gaji Faransa Kongo, tana da iyakoki kusan iri ɗaya, kuma ta gaji 'yancin kai da 'yancin kai daga Faransa ta hanyar rugujewar Faransa Equatorial Afirka a ƙarshen shekarun 1950s.<ref name="Histmil"/> == Tarihi == [[Fayil:French-Congo.PNG|thumb|Faransa Kongo ta taɓa ƙunsar yankin Kongo, Gabon da Ubangi-Shari (Jamhuriyar Tsakiyar Afirka ta yanzu)]] Faransa Kongo ta fara ne a [[Brazzaville]] a ranar 10 ga watan Satumba 1880 a matsayin mai kare al'ummar Bateke a gefen arewacin gabar [[Kogin Congo|kogin Kongo]].<ref name="Histmil">''Histoire militaire des colonies, pays de protectorat et pays sous mandat.'' 7. "[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5658822n/f2 Histoire militaire de l'Afrique Équatoriale française]". 1931. Accessed 9 October 2011. {{in lang|fr}}</ref> An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsakanin Sarki Iloo I da Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza; Iloo I ya mutu a shekarar da aka sanya hannu, amma sarauniyar sa Ngalifourou ta kiyaye sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{Citation|journal=Henry Louis}}</ref> An kafa shi a matsayin Kongo na Faransa a ranar 30 ga watan Nuwamba 1882,<ref name="Histmil"/> kuma an tabbatar da shi a [[taron Berlin]] na shekarar 1884-85. An kafa iyakokinta da Cabinda, [[Birtaniya Kamaru|Kamaru]], da Jamhuriyar Kwango ta Kwango ta hanyar yarjejeniya cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Shirin ci gaba da mulkin mallaka shi ne ba da dama ga wasu kamfanonin Faransa talatin. An ba wa waɗannan filaye masu yawa bisa alƙawarin za a haɓaka su. Wannan ci gaban ya iyakance kuma ya kai yawancin hakar hauren giwa, roba, da katako. Waɗannan ayyuka sau da yawa sun haɗa da zalunci mai girma da kuma kusan bautar da mazauna wurin. Ko da waɗannan matakan yawancin kamfanoni sun yi asarar kuɗi. Kusan riba goma ne kawai aka samu. Yawancin hannun jarin kamfanonin sun wanzu ne kawai a kan takarda ba tare da kasancewar ƙasa a Afirka ba.<ref name="Histmil"/> Kwango na Faransa wani lokaci ana kiranta '''Gabon-Congo'''.<ref>Payeur-Didelot: "[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84410044/f1 Gabon – Colonie française du Gabon-Congo, 1/3,700,000]", 1894. {{In lang|fr}}</ref> An ƙara [[Faransa Equatorial Afirka|Gabon]] bisa ƙa'ida a cikin shekarar 1891, an sake masa suna ta '''Tsakiyar Kongo''' (French: Moyen-Congo) a cikin shekarar 1903, an sake shi na ɗan lokaci daga Gabon a shekarar 1906, sannan aka sake haɗa shi a matsayin [[Faransa Equatorial Afirka|French Equatorial Africa]] a shekarar 1910 a ƙoƙarin yin koyi da nasarar [[Faransanci Yammacin Afirka|Faransa ta Yammacin Afirka]]. A cikin shekarar 1911 Yarjejeniyar Maroko-Congo ta ba da wani yanki na yankin ga [[Jamus]] don samun hanyar shiga kogin Kongo. Wannan ƙasa, wacce aka fi sani da [[Neukamerun]], Faransa ta sake dawo da ita a hukumance bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|yakin duniya na farko]]. Wani bincike na 1906 L'Expansion coloniale au Congo français, an buga shi tare da haɗin gwiwar Faransa ta mulkin mallaka a Marseille.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Émile Larose – via World Digital Library| last = Rouget| first = Ferdinand| title = The Colonial Expansion of French Congo| access-date = 2014-06-19| date = 1906| language = fr| url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2543/#regions=africa&page=5| archive-date = 2019-08-06| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190806075326/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2543/#regions=africa&page=5| url-status = dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1925 [[Afirkawan Amurka|ɗan Afirka Ba-Amurke]] ɗan tarihi, masanin ilimin zamantakewa, da [[Pan-Africanism|Pan-African]] [[W. E. B. Du Bois|WEB Du Bois]] ya rubuta "Batouala" ya rubuta shi. A cikin zurfin Kongo na Faransa ana samun irin wannan cin zarafi na baƙar fata kamar yadda aka yi a [[Belgian Congo|Belgian Kongo]] ko [[Birtaniya Yammacin Afirka|Burtaniya ta Yammacin Afirka]].<ref name="ForeignAffairsDuBois">{{cite magazine|last=Du Bois|first=W. E. Burghardt|author-link=W. E. B. Du Bois|date=1925-04-01|title=Worlds of Color|volume=3|number=3|magazine=[[Foreign Affairs]]|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/africa/1925-04-01/worlds-color|issn=0015-7120|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="TheNewNegroDuBois">{{cite book|last=DuBois|first=W. E. B.|author-link=W. E. B. Du Bois|editor-last1=Locke|editor-first1=Alain LeRoy|editor-link1=Alain LeRoy Locke|year=1925|edition=1927|title=The New Negro: An Interpretation|chapter=The Negro Mind Reaches Out|page=385|publisher=Albert and Charles Boni|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/newnegrointerpre00unse/page/413/mode/1up|lccn=25025228|oclc=639696145}}</ref> == Jerin gwamnoni == [[Fayil:1911French_Congo.png|thumb|Le Kongo a cikin 1911]] * Manyan masu gudanarwa ** 12 Mar 1889 - 27 ga watan Afrilu 1895 Fortuné Charles de Chavannes (sa) ** 27 Afrilu 1895 - 22 ga watan Jan 1899 Louis Henri Albert Dolisie (b. 1856 - d. 1899) ** 1 ga watan Mayu 1899 - 11 ga watan Yuli 1902 Jean-Baptiste Philema Lemaire (b. 1856 - d. 1932) ** 11 ga watan Yuli 1902 - 5 ga watan Afrilu 1906 Emile Gentil (b. 1866 - d. 1914) ** 5 ga watan Afrilu 1906 - 12 ga watan Maris 1909 Adolphe Louis Cureau (b. 1864 - d. 1913) ** 17 ga watan Jan 1908 - 17 Nov 1908 Édouard Marie Bertrand Eugène Dubosc-Taret (mai yin aikin Cureau) (b. 1857 - d. 19..) * Laftanar gwamnoni ** 12 ga watan Mar 1909 - 27 ga watan Juni 1910 Adolphe Louis Cureau (sa) ** 27 ga watan Jun 1910 - 28 Jul 1911 Édouard Dubosc-Taret (mai aiki) (sa) ** 28 ga watan Jul 1911 - 16 Afrilu 1916 Lucien Louis Fourneau (b. 1867 - d. 1930), yana aiki zuwa har ranar 17 ga watan Oct 1912) ** 16 ga watan Afrilu 1916 - 17 Jul 1917 Jules Gaston Henri Carde (b. 1874 - d. 1949), (ya yi aiki zuwa 12 ga watan Oktoba 1916) ** 17 Yuli 1917 - 2 ga watan Afrilu 1919 Jules Guy Le Prince (mai aiki) (b. 1868 - d. 19..) ** 2 ga watan Afrilu 1919 - 16 ga watan Mayu 1919 Édmond Émilien Cadier (b. 1868 - d. 1951) ** 16 Mayu 1919 - 21 ga watan Agusta 1919 Jean Henri Marchand (lokaci na farko, aiki)) (b. 1864 - d. 19..) ** 21 ga watan Agusta 1919 - 16 ga watan Agusta 1922 Mattéo Mathieu Maurice Alfassa (b. 1876 - d. 1942) ** 16 ga watan Agusta 1922 - 20 ga watan Afrilu 1923 Georges Thomann (mai aiki) (b. 1872 - d. 1943) ** 24 Afrilu 1923 - 21 ga watan Yuli 1925 Jean Henri Marchand (mai yin aiki, karo na biyu) (sa) ** 21 ga watan Jul 1925 - 1 Dec 1929 Gwamnatin AEF Gwamna-Janar ** 1 Dec 1929 - 4 Dec 1930 Marcel Alix Jean Marchessou (mai aiki) (b. 1879 - d. 1964) ** 4 ga watan Dec 1930 - Mayu 1931 Pierre Simon Antonin Bonnefont (mai aiki) (b. 1877 - d. 1950) ** Mayu 1931 - 1932 Max de Masson de Saint-Félix (b. 1882 - d. 1958) ** 1932 - 21 Nov 1932 Emile Buhot-Launay (mai yin aiki) (b. 1881 - d. 1970) ** 21 ga watan Nov 1932 - 10 Feb 1941 Gwamnatin AEF Gwamna-Janar ** 10 ga watan Feb 1941 - 20 ga watan Agusta 1945 Gabriel Emile Fortune (b. 1897 - d. 1971) ** 21 ga watan Feb 1942 - 19 Jul 1942 Jean Charles André Capagorry (mai yin aikin Fortune) (b. 1894 - d. 1981) ** 20 ga watan Aug 1945 - 30 Apr 1946 Gwamnatin AEF. ** 30 ga watan Afrilu 1946 - 16 ga watan Mayu 1946 Kirista Robert Roger Laigret (mai aiki) (b. 1903 - d. 1977) ** 16 ga watan Mayu 1946 - 6 Nov 1946 Gwamnatin AEF Gwamna-Janar ** 6 ga watan Nov 1946 - 31 Dec 1947 Numa François Henri Sadoul (b. 1906 - d. 1990) ** 31 ga watan Dec 1947 - 1 ga watan Mar 1950 Jacques Georges Fourneau (b. 1901 - d. 1956) ** 1 ga watan Maris 1950 - 25 ga watan Afrilu 1952 Paul Jules Marie Le Layec (b. 1901 - d. 1965) ** 25 ga watan Afrilu 1952 - 15 Yuli 1953 Jean Georges Chambon (b. 1896 - d. 1965) ** 15 Yuli 1953 - 2 Nov 1956 Ernest Eugène Rouys (wanda ya yi aiki zuwa 19 ga Fabrairu 1954) (b. 1901 - d. ....) ** 2 Nuwamba 1956 - 29 Jan 1958 Jean-Michel Marie René Soupault (b. 1918 - d. 1993) ** 29 Jan 1958 - 7 Jan 1959 Charles Paul Dériaud (mai aiki) (b. 1911 - d. 1964) * Babban Kwamishinan ** 7 Jan 1959 - 15 ga Agusta 1960 Guy Noël Georgy (b. 1918 - d. 2003) == Duba kuma == * [[Belgian Congo|Belgium Kongo]] * Raphael Etifier * Daular Faransa ta mulkin mallaka * [[Faransa Equatorial Afirka]] * [[Yankunan Afirka na Faransa|Jerin abubuwan mallakar Faransanci da mazauna]] * Ngalifourou * Syndicat professionalnel des commerçants et transporteurs africains du Congo == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Kara karantawa == * {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=French Congo|short=1}} * Petringa, Maria. ''Brazza, A Life for Africa''. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006. {{ISBN|978-1-4259-1198-0}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-4259-1198-0|978-1-4259-1198-0]]. Describes Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza's extensive explorations of what became French Congo, and later, French Equatorial Africa. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline}} [[Rukuni:CS1 Faransanci-language sources (fr)]] o6cbb6pk19buisrbs3lei17o24jrlni 0 107752 828125 672554 2026-04-30T18:59:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''La Push''' ƙaramar al'umma ce da ba ta da haɗin kai wacce ke bakin kogin Quillayte a yankin Yammacin Yammacin Turai. Ita ce babban birni kuma babban cibiyar yawan jama'a na Quileute Indian Reservation, wanda gida ne ga ƙabilar Quileute ta tarayya da aka amince da ita. La Push sananne ne don kallon whale da yanayin yanayi. Al'ummar a tarihi sun kasance a bakin teku; duk da haka, hawan teku ya sa al'umma su fara gudanar da ja da baya zuwa manyan filaye a cikin 2017. == Tarihi == === Magana === Sunan La Push ya fito ne daga kalmar Faransanci, La Bouche, ma'ana "Manuwa" na Kogin Quillayute, wanda aka daidaita zuwa Chinook Jargon . === Tarihin kabilar Quileute === [[Fayil:USA,_Washington,_La_Push,_sunset.jpg|left|thumb|Rana ta fadi a La Push]] La Push, mai nisan kilomita 14 daga Forks, gida ne ga Ƙabilar Quileute. 'Yan kabilar al'ada sun gina jiragen ruwa na al'ul don amfani iri-iri; sun kasance da girman daga mutum biyu zuwa jiragen ruwa masu jigilar kaya masu iya ɗaukar tan uku. Quileute ya kasance na biyu ne kawai ga Makah a matsayin masu kifi kuma na farko a cikin dukkan kabilun a matsayin masu farautar seal. Sun haifi karnuka masu gashi na musamman kuma sun yi gyare-gyare kuma sun yi gashin kansu a cikin bargo masu dumi. A cewar labarun gargajiya, dangin Quileutes kawai, Chimakum, sun rabu da su ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwa da ta kwashe su zuwa Yankin Quimper a wancan gefen yankin Olympic na Arewa. A can ne Cif Seattle da kabilar Suquamish suka kai musu hari kuma suka hallaka su a cikin shekarun 1860. Yarjejeniyarsu ta farko da Amurka ta faru ne a shekara ta 1855, lokacin da Quileutes suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya tare da wakilan gwamnan Yankin Washington, Isaac Stevens . Yarjejeniya bayan shekara guda za ta tura su zuwa wani ajiya a Taholah, amma yankin Quileute yana da nisa sosai har ba a tilasta shi ba. A watan Fabrairun 1889, wani umarni na zartarwa daga Shugaba Grover Cleveland ya kafa ajiyar murabba'in kilomita daya a La Push . A lokacin garin yana da mazauna 252. Daga baya a cikin 1889, masu ƙone wuta sun lalata La Push yayin da mazauna ƙauyen ke karɓar hops a Puyallup . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://www.quileutenation.org/culture/history |access-date=25 March 2012 |publisher=Quileute Nation}}</ref> === Mutanen da ke motsawa === An fara aiki a cikin 2017 don sake komawa ƙauyen zuwa ƙasa mafi girma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quileute Move to Higher Ground {{!}} |url=https://mthg.org |access-date=2024-10-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin shine don rage lalacewar tsunami da ambaliyar ruwa wanda zai iya haifar da matakin teku mafi girma wanda [[Canjin yanayi]] ya haifar.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ollikainen |first=Rob |date=2017-11-05 |title=Quileute Tribe gaining ground on facilities' move to higher elevation |url=https://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/quileute-tribe-gaining-ground-on-facilities-move-to-higher-elevation/ |access-date=2019-12-01 |website=Peninsula Daily News |language=en-US}}</ref> Shirin ya buƙaci gyare-gyare na iyakokin filin shakatawa na Olympics. Ginin farko da aka motsa shi ne makarantar K-12.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Banse |first=Tom |date=November 10, 2017 |title=Coastal Village Moving To Higher Ground To Escape Tsunami, Flooding Threat |url=http://kuow.org/post/coastal-village-moving-higher-ground-escape-tsunami-flooding-threat |access-date=November 13, 2017 |website=KUOW |publisher=KUOW Puget Sound Public Radio}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Yankin rairayin bakin teku guda biyu suna kusa da La Push, Rialto Beach zuwa arewacin bakin kogi da La Pish Beach zuwa kudu. Birnin da ya fi kusa da La Push shine Forks, Washington. La Push tana da Lambar ZIP mafi yamma a cikin Amurka mai kusa, 98350. === Yanayi === La Push tana da yanayin zafi sosai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=La Push, Washington climate summary |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=858654&cityname=La+Push%2C+Washington%2C+United+States+of+America&units= |access-date=30 December 2015 |publisher=Weatherbase }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yanayin yanayi yana da matsakaici kuma yana da tasiri sosai daga Tekun Pacific, wanda ke ba da hunturu mai sauƙi don latitude na arewa. Da yake a yammacin Dutsen Olympic, La Push da iyakar da ke kewaye da shi suna shan ruwan sama mai yawa da ya sauka a gaban dutsen. Watan da ya fi zafi shine Agusta kuma watan da ya fi sanyi shine Disamba.{{Weather box}} qx367p5e5nfp6snlvszs5smyn7hbi3m 0 108235 828127 718068 2026-04-30T19:11:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Labaran halitta''' (tsohon NewsTarget, wanda yanzu ya zama shafin 'yar'uwa daban) wani yanki ne na dama, Ƙa'idar makirci rigakafi da kuma Shafin yanar gizon Labarai na ƙarya da aka sani da inganta madadin magani, pseudoscience, yaudara, da tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=June 2020 |title=Anatomy of a Disinformation Empire: Investigating NaturalNews |url=https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/investigating-natural-news/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[Institute for Strategic Dialogue]] |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307023852/https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/investigating-natural-news/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{Refn|<ref name="Dark Platforms">{{cite journal |last1=Zeng |first1=Jing |last2=Schäfer |first2=Mike S. |title=Conceptualizing "Dark Platforms". Covid-19-Related Conspiracy Theories on 8kun and Gab |journal=[[Digital Journalism (journal)|Digital Journalism]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |date=21 October 2021 |volume=9 |issue=9 |pages=1321–1343 |doi=10.1080/21670811.2021.1938165 |doi-access=free |quote=In contrast, Gab users who shared more far-right "fake news" websites are relatively more visible on Gab. Some of the most cited sources under this category include the Unhived Mind (''N'' = 2,729), Epoch Times (''N'' = 1,303), Natural News (''N'' = 1,301), Breitbart (''N'' = 769), the Gateway Pundit (''N'' = 422), and InfoWars (''N'' = 656).}}</ref><ref name="Priming critical thinking">{{cite journal |last1=Lutzke |first1=Lauren |last2=Drummond |first2=Caitlin |last3=Slovic |first3=Paul |author-link3=Paul Slovic |last4=Árvai |first4=Joseph |title=Priming critical thinking: Simple interventions limit the influence of fake news about climate change on Facebook |journal=[[Global Environmental Change]] |date=September 2019 |volume=58 |page=101964 |doi=10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101964 |doi-access=free |access-date=17 February 2022 |url=https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10134735 |quote=The three fake news posts were drawn from websites of three different hyper-partisan media outlets: Breitbart, InfoWars, and Natural News. Each of these outlets is known for peddling in conspiracy theories and disinformation, and content from each is heavily biased in favor of an ultra-conservative political ideology (Marwick & Lewis 2017). |via=[[National Science Foundation]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]]|bibcode=2019GEC....5801964L }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Guarino |first1=Stefano |last2=Pierri |first2=Francesco |last3=Di Giovanni |first3=Marco |last4=Celestini |first4=Alessandro |date=2021-03-01 |title=Information disorders during the COVID-19 infodemic: The case of Italian Facebook |journal=Online Social Networks and Media |language=en |volume=22 |pages=100124 |doi=10.1016/j.osnem.2021.100124 |pmid=34604611 |pmc=8479410 |s2cid=232413008 |issn=2468-6964}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2019/02/anti-vaxx-facebook-social-media/583681/|title=The Small, Small World of Facebook's Anti-vaxxers|last=Madrigal|first=Alexis C.|date=February 27, 2019|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US|access-date=February 27, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Weill20190609" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://weather.com/science/video/fake-news-empire-exposed |title=Fake News Empire Exposed |work=[[Weather Channel]] |access-date=2020-01-25 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="MJ.AntiScience">{{cite news|last=Blake|first=Mariah|date=July 25, 2014|title=Popular anti-science site likens journalists to "Nazi collaborators" over GMO coverage|magazine=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|url=https://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2014/07/popular-conspiracy-site-likens-pro-gmo-journalists-nazi-collaborators|access-date=August 22, 2014}}</ref>}} Gidan yanar gizon ya fara buga labarai a cikin 2008 kuma yana zaune ne a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name=":1" /> Wanda ya kafa shafin, '''Michael Allen''' "'''Mike'''" '''Adams''', ya sami kulawa bayan ya sanya rubutun blog wanda ke nuna kiran tashin hankali ga masu goyon bayan GMO, sannan kuma da ake zargin ƙirƙirar wani shafin yanar gizon tare da jerin sunayen magoya bayan da ake zargi. An zarge shi da amfani da "pseudoscience don sayar da ƙarya".<ref name="Banks">{{Cite web |last=Banks |first=John |date=September 26, 2013 |title=Meet the "Health Ranger" Who's Using Pseudoscience to Sell His Lies |url=http://mic.com/articles/65075/meet-the-health-ranger-who-s-using-pseudoscience-to-sell-his-lies |access-date=February 2, 2015 |website=[[Mic (media company)|Mic]]}}</ref> Adams ya bayyana allurar rigakafi a matsayin "abin cin zarafin yara na likita".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gumbel |first=Andrew |date=January 25, 2015 |title=Disneyland measles outbreak leaves many anti-vaccination parents unmoved |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jan/25/disneyland-measles-outbreak-anti-vaccination-parents |access-date=January 22, 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Gidan yanar gizon yana sayar da kayan abinci daban-daban, yana inganta madadin magani da musanta canjin yanayi, yana yin abubuwan gina jiki da ikirarin kiwon lafiya, <ref name="Novella2010">{{Cite web |last=Novella |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Novella |date=December 14, 2010 |title=H1N1 Vaccine and Miscarriages – More Fear Mongering |url=http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/h1n1-vaccine-and-miscarriages-more-fear-mongering/ |website=Neurologica |publisher=[[New England Skeptical Society]] |type=blog}}</ref> yana yada labarai na karya, kuma yana goyan bayan ra'ayoyin makirci da farfaganda na Donald Trump.{{Refn|<ref name=":16">{{Cite web |last=Owen |first=Laura Hazard |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Older people and Republicans are most likely to share Covid-19 stories from fake news sites on Twitter |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/10/older-people-and-republicans-are-most-likely-to-share-covid-19-stories-from-fake-news-sites-on-twitter/ |access-date=2021-10-20 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Osmundsen|first1=Mathias|last2=Bor|first2=Alexander|last3=Vahlstrup|first3=Peter Bjerregaard|last4=Bechmann|first4=Anja|last5=Petersen|first5=Michael Bang|date=May 7, 2021|title=Partisan Polarization Is the Primary Psychological Motivation behind Political Fake News Sharing on Twitter|url=https://dataverse.harvard.edu/file.xhtml?fileId=4491271|journal=[[American Political Science Review]]|language=en|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=115|issue=3|pages=999–1015|doi=10.1017/S0003055421000290|s2cid=235527523|issn=0003-0554}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ognyanova|first1=Katherine|last2=Lazer|first2=David|last3=Robertson|first3=Ronald E.|last4=Wilson|first4=Christo|date=2020-06-02|title=Misinformation in action: Fake news exposure is linked to lower trust in media, higher trust in government when your side is in power|url=https://misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Misinformation-in-action-Ognyanova-et-al-2020.pdf|journal=Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review|language=en-US|publisher=[[Shorenstein Center]]|volume=1|issue=4|doi=10.37016/mr-2020-024|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Guess |first1=Andy |last2=Aslett |first2=Kevin |last3=Tucker |first3=Joshua |last4=Bonneau |first4=Richard |last5=Nagler |first5=Jonathan |date=2021 |title=Cracking Open the News Feed: Exploring What U.S. Facebook Users See and Share with Large-Scale Platform Data |url=https://journalqd.org/article/view/2586 |journal=Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media |language=en |volume=1 |doi=10.51685/jqd.2021.006 |s2cid=236598470 |issn=2673-8813|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/google-delists-mike-adams-natural-news-website-was-it-because-of-fake-news/ |title=Google delists Mike Adams' Natural News website. Was it because of fake news? |date=February 27, 2017|website=Science-Based Medicine |language=en-US |access-date=February 14, 2019}}</ref><ref name=LeVine/><ref>Lynas, Mike (November 27, 2017) "[https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/11/27/anti-biotechnology-fake-news-natural-news-claims-rnai-used-eliminate-black-people/ Anti-biotechnology fake news: 'Natural News' claims RNAi used to 'eliminate black people']{{-"}}, ''Genetic Literacy Project''. Retrieved January 19, 2018.</ref>}} Wadannan ka'idojin makirci sun hada da ikirarin chemophobic game da haɗarin da ake tsammani na "chemtrails", ruwan sha mai fluoridated, ƙarfe mai nauyi, anti-perspirants, wanki, monosodium glutamate, aspartame, da allurar rigakafi.<ref name="crank">{{Cite web |last=Novella |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Novella |date=January 25, 2010 |title=Mike Adams Takes On 'Skeptics' |url=http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/mike-adams-takes-on-skeptics/ |website=Neurologica |publisher=[[New England Skeptical Society]] |type=blog}}</ref><ref name="Novella2010" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Orac [David Gorski] |author-link=David Gorski |date=October 27, 2011 |title=Mike Adams vs. the flu vaccine |url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2011/10/27/mike-adams-vs-the-flu-vaccine/ |access-date=March 11, 2014 |website=Respectful Insolence |publisher=[[ScienceBlogs]]}}</ref> Har ila yau, ya yada ra'ayoyin makirci game da Kwayar cutar Zika da ake zargin [[sauro]] da aka canza su da kuma tasirin tasirin amfanin gona da aka canza, da kuma ayyukan noma da ke da alaƙa da abinci da aka samo daga gare su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Qui, Linda |date=February 9, 2016 |title=No evidence to support rumors tying Zika to genetically modified mosquitoes |url=http://www.politifact.com/global-news/statements/2016/feb/09/viral-image/no-evidence-support-rumors-tying-zika-genetically-/ |access-date=22 February 2016 |website=Politifact}}</ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, Natural News yana da kusan baƙi na musamman miliyan 7 a kowane wata. A watan Mayu 2020, [[Fezbuk|Facebook]] ta haramta abubuwan Natural News daga dandalin ta bayan ta gano cewa shafin yana bunkasa shahararsa ta amfani da gonakin abun ciki a [[Masadoiniya ta Arewa|Arewacin Makidoniya]] da [[Filipin|Philippines]], wani nau'i na spam.<ref name="Funke 2020">{{Cite web |last=Funke |first=Daniel |date=June 5, 2020 |title=Health misinformation website rebrands as pro-Trump outlet to get around ban from Facebook |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/jun/05/health-misinformation-website-rebrands-pro-trump-o/ |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]]}}</ref> ''''Labaran Halitta'''' sun wuce haramcin ta hanyar sake buga abubuwan da ke ciki a kan Sunayen yankin masu yawa, gami da trump.news, extinction.news, mind.control.news, da veggie.news.<ref name="Funke 2020" /><ref name="Heilweil 2020">{{Cite web |last=Heilweil |first=Rebecca |date=25 June 2020 |title=Facebook's war against one of the internet's worst conspiracy sites |url=https://www.vox.com/recode/2020/6/25/21293246/facebook-misinformation-natural-news-conspiracy-theory |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[Vox (website)|Vox]] |language=en}}</ref> Cibiyar Tattaunawar Dabarun ta sami sunayen yanki 496 da ke da alaƙa da ''Labaran Halitta'' har zuwa Yuni 2020 tare da Agents Inc. da ke aiki a matsayin wakilin rajista ga kamfanonin da ke da alaka da Labaran Kasa da yawa.<ref name="Heilweil 2020" /><ref name=":1"/> == Wanda ya kafa shi == Michael Allen "Mike" Adams (an haife shi a 1967 a [[Lawrence, Kansas]]) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Ranger Profile and History |url=http://www.healthranger.com/Health-Ranger-Biography.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126121616/https://www.healthranger.com/Health-Ranger-Biography.html |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |access-date=October 25, 2013 |website=HealthRanger.com}}</ref> shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma mai mallakar Natural News; an yi rajistar sunan yankin a shekara ta 2005 kuma ya fara buga labarai a shekara ta 2008. A cewar gidan yanar gizon Adams, ya zama mai sha'awar [[Nutritionist|Masanin abinci mai gina jiki]] lokacin da ya kamu da ciwon sukari na nau'in II yana da shekaru 30 kuma ɗayan shafukan yanar gizon ya tabbatar da cewa "ya warkar da kansa daga ciwon sukiri a cikin watanni kuma ya canza kansa zuwa hoto na cikakkiyar lafiya a zuciya, jiki da ruhu" da kansa ta amfani da magungunan halitta. Koyaya, The Daily Beast ya gano cewa shawararsa ga samfuran Amazon Herb Company a cikin akalla labarai takwas, gami da abin da ake tsammani "bincike na ɓangare na uku ... daga hangen nesa mai zaman kansa" ya zama yaudara; yana da sha'awar kuɗi a cikin kamfanin, bisa ga bayanan kasuwanci marasa riba a Arizona<ref name="Weill201906092" /> Shi mai sha'awar abinci mai gina jiki ne kuma mai kula da abinci mai gina ido. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa ba ya cin abinci da aka sarrafa, madara, sukari, nama daga dabbobi masu shayarwa ko kayan abinci da ke dauke da kayan kara kamar [[monosodium glutamate]] (MSG). Ya kuma ce ya guji yin amfani da magungunan magani da kuma ziyartar likitocin Yamma.<ref name="Blatchford">{{cite news |last=Blatchford |first=Christie |author-link=Christie Blatchford |date=October 29, 2009 |title=Flu-shot skeptics weave a Web of lies |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/health/conditions/flu-shot-skeptics-weave-a-web-of-lies/article623463/ |access-date=December 12, 2014 |work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref> Adams ya amince da ka'idojin makirci da ke kewaye da zubar da man fetur na Deepwater Horizon, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips, David |date=July 13, 2010 |title=More BP Gulf Oil Spill Conspiracies Flourish – From Algae Farms to Armed Dolphins |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/more-bp-gulf-oil-spill-conspiracies-flourish-from-algae-farms-to-armed-dolphins/ |access-date=May 15, 2014 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> da kuma wadanda suka shafi Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Phillips |first=Tom |date=September 8, 2014 |title=MH370: Six 'reasons' why plane vanished |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/11078770/MH370-Six-reasons-why-plane-vanished.html |access-date=September 8, 2014 |website=[[Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref> Ya amince da Burzynski: Ciwon daji shine Kasuwanci mai tsanani, fim game da Stanislaw Burzynski . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orac [David Gorski] |author-link=David Gorski |date=December 12, 2012 |title=Stanislaw Burzynski: A pioneering cancer researcher or a quack? |url=http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2012/12/12/stanislaw-burzynski-a-pioneering-cancer-researcher-or-a-quack/ |access-date=March 11, 2014 |website=Respectful Insolence |publisher=[[ScienceBlogs]]}}</ref> Steven Novella ya bayyana Adams a matsayin "wani makirci mai haɗari". <ref name="crank"/> Adams ya kuma amince da littattafan masanin ilimin makirci Jim Marrs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Christopher |date=February 17, 2013 |title=Thinking Beyond the Creationists and the Darwinists |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/17/us/jim-marrss-newest-book-asks-if-the-global-elite-conceal-ancient-aliens.html?_r=0 |access-date=November 1, 2014 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Adams ya yi bidiyon kiɗa da ke nuna irin wannan ra'ayi kamar yadda labaran da aka sanya a shafin yanar gizon sa, kamar adawa da Allurar rigakafin swine flu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brownstein |first=Joseph |date=September 2, 2009 |title=The Swine Flu Goes Mainstream |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Health/SwineFlu/story?id=8466417 |access-date=July 20, 2014 |website=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]]}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2012, bayan [[Harbi a Makarantar Firamare ta Sandy Hook|Harbi a makarantar firamare ta Sandy Hook]] ya faru, Adams ya yi kira ga "kula da magani" maimakon kula da bindiga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cockerell |first=Isobel |date=2022-07-08 |title="He was in a 4Chan bubble": Inside the Highland Park shooting suspect's social media diet |url=https://www.codastory.com/newsletters/highland-park-shooting/ |website=[[Coda Media]]}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2018, Adams ya kirkiro ''Hoggwatch.com'', wani shafin yanar gizon da Snopes ya ce "an halicce shi ne kawai don manufar kai farmaki ga wanda ya tsira daga Harbi na Parkland David Hogg".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasprak |first=Alex |date=2018-04-16 |title='Natural News' Creator's Newest Site Focuses Entirely on Teenaged Mass Shooting Survivor |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2018/04/16/natural-news-creator-site-parkland-survivor/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=[[Snopes]] |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == avs62l4dz4ujy13xs5vu0g9nwe6niva 0 108985 828245 820501 2026-05-01T06:14:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828245 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''Lynnae C. Quick''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1984) ƙwararren masanin ilimin taurari ne na kasar Ba'amurke kuma Masanin Kimiyyar Duniya na a Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta NASA Goddard. Cibiyar bincikenta ta dogara ne akan ƙirar ƙirar ƙira na ayyukan cryovolcanic akan watannin ƙanƙara da duniyoyin taurari a cikin [[Tsarin hasken rana|Tsarin Rana]] da kuma ƙirar ayyukan dutse akan Venus da [[wata]]. Quick memba ne na ''Dawn'', ''Europa Clipper'', da ƙungiyar kimiyyar Ofishin Jakadancin ''Dragonfly''. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bio - Dr. Lynnae C. Quick |url=https://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/sed/bio/lynnae.c.quick |access-date=2020-06-24 |website=science.gsfc.nasa.gov |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Har ila yau, memba ne na NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI) Toolbox for Research and Exploration (TREX), kuma yana aiki a matsayin co-shugaban Duniya da Planetary Systems Sciences na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru. == Ilimi == An haifi Quick kuma ta girma a Greensboro, North Carolina <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lynnae Quick {{!}} Scientist |url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/people/2781/lynnae-quick/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=NASA Solar System Exploration}}</ref> kuma ta sauke karatu daga James Benson Dudley High School. A makarantar sakandare, ta zama mai sha'awar ilimin taurari bayan ta koyi rukunin da mutuwar taurari da kuma ƙirƙirar manyan ramukan baƙar fata. <ref name=":0" /> Malamin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na makarantar sakandare, John M. Brown, ya ƙarfafa sha'awarta, yana ba da shawarar ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu a ilmin taurari ko astrophysics, kuma ya haɗa ta da masanin ilimin taurari Reva Williams wanda kuma ya ƙarfafa ta ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na uku. Sauri ta sami digirin farko na Kimiyya a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga Jami'ar Noma da Fasaha ta Arewacin Carolina, inda ta kammala summa cum laude. A matsayinta na mai karatun digiri na farko, ta shiga cikin kwas ɗin Kimiyya na Mata da Dr. Benita P. Bell ta koyar a Kwalejin Bennett kusa. <ref name="solarsystem.nasa.gov">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Lynnae Quick, Ocean Worlds Planetary Scientist, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center |url=https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/people/2781/dr-lynnae-quick/ |access-date=2022-02-23 |website=NASA Science Solar System Exploration |language=en}}</ref> Kwas ɗin ya mayar da hankali kan tarihin da nasarorin da matan Afirka suka samu a cikin STEM, sun haɗa da tattaunawa na rukuni da kuma gabatarwa game da kewaya wuraren ƙwararrun STEM, kuma sun jaddada muhimmancin yin girman kai ga kasancewa mace a kimiyya. Kamar yadda ajin ya ƙunshi mata Ba-Amurke kaɗai waɗanda ke neman digiri na farko a cikin ilimin kimiyyar jiki da na halitta, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ingantaccen haɓaka da haɓakawa a matsayin matashin masanin kimiyya. <ref name="solarsystem.nasa.gov" /> Yayin da yake a Jami'ar Noma da Fasaha ta Arewacin Carolina, Mai sauri ya shiga cikin Binciken Bincike don Masu karatun digiri na biyu da shirye-shiryen horarwa na NASA Academy kuma sun bi diddigin bincike a National Radio Astronomy Observatory da kuma NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, bi da bi. <ref name=":0"/> A can, ta zama mai sha'awar halayyar exoplanets da kuma ilimin geology na duniya. Bayan kammala karatun, ta bi wannan sha'awar zuwa horarwa a dakin gwaje-gwajen Physics, tare da ƙarfafawa daga masanin ilimin taurari Beth A. Brown. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-16 |title=Exploring Icy Volcanos and Strange New Worlds |url=https://relations.ncat.edu/pubs/alumnitimes/2015/apr16/icy-volcanos.html |website=North Carolina A&T - The Alumni Times}}</ref> A can, ta yi lokacin rani tana nazarin Europa, daya daga cikin watannin Jupiter. <ref name=":0" /> Da sauri ta halarci Jami'ar Katolika ta [[Amurka]] da ke [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin taurari . A can, ta bi bincike a duka Laboratory Physics Laboratory, tare da jagoranci daga Louise Prockter, da kuma Goddard Space Flight Center. <ref name=":0"/> Quick ta sami digirin digirinta na digiri na Falsafa daga Jami'ar Johns Hopkins a 2013. Yayin da yake can ya shawarce ta daga masanin albarkatun man fetur Bruce D. Marsh kuma ta kasance Bromery Fellow da ƙwararrun Digiri na APL . Mai sauri ƙwararre a duniyar magmatism da volcanology, <ref name=":0" /> kuma takardar karatunta tana da taken ''Europa: Tsarin Cryomagmatic & Bayanin Surface Cryovolcanic''. <ref name=":1"/> A matsayin mai karɓar Fellowship na Bromery, Mai sauri ya sadu da [[Ilmin duwatsu|masanin ilimin gero]] da Tuskegee Airman Dr. Randolph Bromery yayin da yake neman Ph.D. == Sana'a == Bayan kammala digiri na digiri, Quick ya zama NASA Postdoctoral Program (NPP) Fellow at Goddard Space Flight Center, nazarin volcanic domes a kan Venus da Europa, kuma daga baya fadada ta binciken ya hada da nazarin cryovolcanic ayyukan a kan Saturn 's moon Enceladus. <ref name=":1"/> A wannan lokacin, ta zama mai bincike a kan Tsarin Hoto na Europa, ta gudanar da bincike kan geyser-kamar plumes na wata kuma ta fara aikinta a matsayin memba na kungiyar NASA ta ''Europa Clipper'' manufa. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Barnouin |first2=Olivier S. |last3=Prockter |first3=Louise M. |last4=Patterson |first4=G. Wesley |date=2013-09-15 |title=Constraints on the detection of cryovolcanic plumes on Europa |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032063313001803 |journal=Planetary and Space Science |language=en |volume=86 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2013P&SS...86....1Q |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2013.06.028 |issn=0032-0633 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gifford |first=Sheyna E. |date=2014-04-07 |title=The Importance of Plumes |url=https://www.astrobio.net/news-exclusive/the-importance-of-plumes/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006024123/https://www.astrobio.net/news-exclusive/the-importance-of-plumes/ |archive-date=2015-10-06 |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=Astrobiology Magazine}}</ref> Dukansu Europa da Enceladus suna harbin ruwa ta cikin ruwan famfonsu, wanda hakan shaida ce ta tekun da ke kwance a ƙasan samansu na ƙanƙara. <ref name="Shekhtman">{{Cite web |last=Shekhtman |first=Svetlana |date=2020-06-11 |title=Ocean Planets Could be Common in Galaxy |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2020/are-planets-with-oceans-common-in-the-galaxy-it-s-likely-nasa-scientists-find |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=NASA}}</ref> Quick's postdoctoral work a tsakiya akan halayyar waɗannan hanyoyin ilimin geologic da fahimtar yadda suke bambanta a cikin taurari da tauraron dan adam. Bayan abokanta na postdoctoral, Quick ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyyar bincike a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Duniya. Daga nan ta zama ma’aikaciyar kimiyyar kimiya a cibiyar Smithsonian Institute for Earth and Planetary Studies, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ’yar Afirka ta farko da ta zama kwararre a fannin kimiya a tarihin cibiyar. A cikin 2019, Quick ya shiga Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta NASA 's Goddard Space <ref name=":1"/> a matsayin Masanin Kimiyyar Tsirrai na Tekun Duniya, ƙwararre a cikin binciken duniyar teku a cikin Tsarin Rana da bayansa. Mai sauri ta ci gaba da shirinta na bincike tana nazarin ayyukan cryovolcanic da sauran tsarin tsarin geophysical akan wata da taurari a cikin Tsarin Rana kuma ta faɗaɗa wannan aikin don yin nazarin ayyukan a cikin tsarin taurarin sararin samaniya. <ref name=":1" /> Har ila yau, ta yi amfani da ƙwarewarta don bayyana yanayin duniyar dwarf Ceres, wanda ke cikin bel ɗin asteroid na tsarin hasken rana. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Redd |first=Nola Taylor |date=2017-12-14 |title=Dwarf Planet Ceres' Bright Spots Suggest an Ancient Ocean |url=https://www.space.com/39094-dwarf-planet-ceres-bright-spots-geologic-activity.html |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=Space.com |language=en}}</ref> Ana tsammanin Ceres ya taɓa samun tekun duniya, wanda ake tsammanin ya daskare a hankali tsawon lokaci. Mai sauri da abokan aikinta sun sami shaidar da za ta goyi bayan wannan hasashe, suna nazarin alamu na tabo masu haske daban-daban a saman saman Ceres, waɗanda suka dace da aljihunan brine a ƙarƙashin saman sararin samaniya waɗanda raƙuman ruwa suka fallasa. <ref name=":2" /> Mai sauri ya ɗauki wannan aikin a matsayin Mataimakin Masanin Kimiyya akan Ofishin Jakadancin Dawn na NASA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bartels |first=Meghan |date=2018-11-03 |title=NASA's Dawn Mission Ends, but Its Legacy Lives On |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/nasas-dawn-mission-ends-but-its-legacy-lives-on/ |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> kuma shine farkon wanda ya fara ƙirar motsin abu daga zurfin tafki mai zurfi a cikin cikin Ceres zuwa wurin sanya shi azaman tabo mai haske ta hanyar fashewa a saman Ceres. <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Buczkowski |first2=Debra L. |last3=Ruesch |first3=Ottaviano |last4=Scully |first4=Jennifer E.C. |last5=Castillo-Rogez |first5=Julie |last6=Raymond |first6=Carol A. |last7=Schenk |first7=Paul M. |last8=Sizemore |first8=Hannah G. |last9=Sykes |first9=Mark V. |date=2019-03-01 |title=A Possible Brine Reservoir Beneath Occator Crater: Thermal and Compositional Evolution and Formation of the Cerealia Dome and Vinalia Faculae |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0019103517306371 |journal=Icarus |language=en |volume=320 |pages=119–135 |bibcode=2019Icar..320..119Q |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2018.07.016 |s2cid=125508484 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Rob Gutro--> |date=August 11, 2021 |title=NASA's Lynnae Quick Awarded American Astronomical Society Prize for Outstanding Achievement |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-lynnae-quick-awarded-american-astronomical-society-prize-for-outstanding-achievement |access-date=August 11, 2021 |publisher=NASA |archive-date=August 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811131225/http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-lynnae-quick-awarded-american-astronomical-society-prize-for-outstanding-achievement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 2020, Quick shine jagorar marubucin kan binciken NASA wanda yayi nazarin 53 terrestrial exoplanets waɗanda duk girmansu yayi kama da Duniya. <ref name="Shekhtman"/> Ta lissafi da ƙididdige ayyukan geologic na waɗannan taurari ta hanyar ƙididdige ƙimar dumamarsu a matsayin wakili don yuwuwar ayyukan volcanic. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Roberge |first2=Aki |last3=Mlinar |first3=Amy Barr |last4=Hedman |first4=Matthew M. |date=2020-06-18 |title=Forecasting Rates of Volcanic Activity on Terrestrial Exoplanets and Implications for Cryovolcanic Activity on Extrasolar Ocean Worlds |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume=132 |issue=1014 |pages=084402 |bibcode=2020PASP..132h4402Q |doi=10.1088/1538-3873/ab9504 |issn=0004-6280 |s2cid=219964895 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Carpineti |first=Alfredo |date=2020-06-22 |title=Volcanos And Giant Oceans Could Be Common In Earth-Sized Exoplanets |url=https://www.iflscience.com/space/volcanos-and-giant-oceans-could-be-common-in-earth-sized-exoplanets/ |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=IFLScience |language=en}}</ref> Ita da tawagarta sun kwatanta waɗannan ƙididdiga, da kuma la'akari kamar yawa da zafin jiki, zuwa [[Duniya]] da Enceladus da Europa, waɗanda aka sani da duniyar teku, dauke da ruwa mai yawa a ƙarƙashin saman su. Sun gano cewa duk 53 exoplanets mai yiwuwa suna da ayyukan volcanic kuma fiye da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na waɗannan exoplanets na iya zama duniyar teku - kuma hakan na iya ci gaba da rayuwa ta waje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ciaccia |first=Chris |date=2020-06-22 |title=Milky Way could have 'ocean worlds' all over, NASA says |url=https://nypost.com/2020/06/22/milky-way-could-have-ocean-worlds-all-over-nasa-says/ |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=New York Post |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3" /> Ayyuka na gaba, irin su James Webb Space Telescope, na iya yin ƙarin lura da waɗannan exoplanets don fahimtar aikin su na geologic da kuma neman alamun rayuwa. <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ashley |first=Strickland |date=2020-06-19 |title=Earth-like planets and ocean worlds could be common in our galaxy, studies say |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/19/world/earth-like-planets-ocean-worlds-scn/index.html |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=CNN}}</ref> Baya ga ci gaba da aikinta a matsayin memba a NASA's ''Europa Clipper'' Mission, Quick kuma memba ne na ƙungiyar kimiyya kuma Mai Gudanar da Shirye-shirye don Student da Shirin Binciken Ma'aikata na Farko akan NASA's ''Dragonfly'' manufa zuwa Titan. == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin 2013, bayan ta kammala PhD, Lynnae Quick ta sami lambar yabo ta NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellowship. A cikin 2021, an sanya sunan asteroid 37349 Lynnaequick a cikin girmamawarta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 11, 2021 |title=WGSBN Bulletin |url=https://www.iau.org/static/publications/wgsbn-bulletins/wgsbn-bulletin-2102.pdf |access-date=July 8, 2021 |publisher=International Astronomical Union |archive-date=January 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119150419/https://www.iau.org/static/publications/wgsbn-bulletins/wgsbn-bulletin-2102.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mai sauri shine mai karɓar 2021 na Ƙungiyar Astronomical Society 's Division for Planetary Sciences Harold C. Urey Prize, wanda shine mafi girman girmamawa ga matasa masana kimiyyar taurari. Kyautar Urey ta fahimci babban nasara a binciken duniyar duniya ta masanin kimiyyar farko. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Shantanu Naidu--> |date=August 9, 2021 |title=AAS Division for Planetary Sciences Announces 2021 Prize Winners |url=https://dps.aas.org/news/aas-division-planetary-sciences-announces-2021-prize-winners |access-date=August 11, 2021 |publisher=Division For Planetary Sciences}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Rob Gutro--> |date=August 11, 2021 |title=NASA's Lynnae Quick Awarded American Astronomical Society Prize for Outstanding Achievement |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2021/nasa-s-lynnae-quick-awarded-american-astronomical-society-prize-for-outstanding-achievement |access-date=August 11, 2021 |publisher=NASA }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mai sauri kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta 2021 Alumni Achievement Award daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&amp;amp;T . <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--ncatalumni--> |date=October 29, 2021 |title=N.C. A&T Recognizes 11 Distinguished Alumni during Fall Convocation |url=https://ncatsualumni.org/n-c-at-recognizes-11-distinguished-alumni-during-fall-convocation/ |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=[[North Carolina A&T State University]]}}</ref> == Na sirri == Quick shine digiri na uku na Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&amp;amp;T . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2021 |title=AIP Oral History Interviews, Lynnae Quick -Session 1 |url=https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/45340-1 |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=American Institute of Physics |language=en}}</ref> Ita da mijinta, Lamar, suna zaune a kusa da Washington, DC. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2021 |title=AIP Oral History Interviews, Lynnae Quick -Session 2 |url=https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/45340-2 |access-date=2022-01-12 |website=American Institute of Physics |language=en}}</ref> == Zaɓi wallafe-wallafe == * {{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Roberge |first2=Aki |last3=Barr Mlinar |first3=Amy |last4=Hedman |first4=Matthew M. |date=2020-06-18 |title=Forecasting Rates of Volcanic Activity on Terrestrial Exoplanets and Implications for Cryovolcanic Activity on Extrasolar Ocean Worlds |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |volume=132 |issue=1014 |page=084402 |bibcode=2020PASP..132h4402Q |doi=10.1088/1538-3873/ab9504 |s2cid=219964895 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Glaze |first2=Lori S. |last3=Baloga |first3=Stephen M. |date=2017-03-01 |title=Cryovolcanic Emplacement of Domes on Europa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103516303840 |journal=Icarus |volume=284 |pages=477–488 |bibcode=2017Icar..284..477Q |doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.029 |url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Marsh |first2=Bruce D. |date=2016-06-01 |title=Heat Transfer of Ascending Cryomagma on Europa |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=319 |pages=66–77 |bibcode=2016JVGR..319...66Q |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.03.018 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Glaze |first2=Lori S. |last3=Baloga |first3=Stephen M. |last4=Stofan |first4=Ellen R. |author-link4=Ellen Stofan |date=2016-06-01 |title=New Approaches to Inferences for Steep-Sided Domes on Venus |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0377027316300075 |journal=Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |volume=319 |pages=93–105 |bibcode=2016JVGR..319...93Q |doi=10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.02.028 |url-access=subscription}} * {{Cite journal |last=Quick |first=Lynnae C. |last2=Barnouin |first2=Olivier S. |last3=Prockter |first3=Louise |author-link3=Louise Prockter |last4=Patterson |first4=G. Wesley |date=2013-09-15 |title=Constraints on the Detection of Cryovolcanic Plumes on Europa |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0032063313001803 |journal=Planetary and Space Science |volume=86 |pages=1–9 |bibcode=2013P&SS...86....1Q |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2013.06.028 |url-access=subscription}} == manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] is0iro8ya8daggwtjoigljhv059wx2m 0 109955 827991 786109 2026-04-30T14:15:14Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Cyrus_Cylinder_back.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Cyrus Cylinder wata sanarwa ce ta Sarkin Farisa Cyrus the Great, wanda ya mallaki yawancin Gabas ta Tsakiya. An yi iƙirarin cewa yana da'awar 'yancin addini a duk faɗin [[Daular Achaemenid]] a matsayin sanarwar farko ta' yancin ɗan adam.]] Hakkin dan adam a [[Gabas ta Tsakiya]] an tsara shi ta hanyar ci gaban shari'a da siyasa na dokar kare hakkin dan adam ta duniya bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], da kuma aikace-aikacen su ga Gabas ta tsakiya. Rahoton Ci gaban Dan Adam na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] na Shekarar 2004 <ref name="undp.org">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Arab Human Development Report 2004: Towards Freedom in the Arab World |url=http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/update_april%202005.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614102233/http://www.undp.org/oslocentre/docs05/Update_april%202005.pdf |archive-date=2007-06-14 |access-date=2016-05-29}}</ref> (AHDR) ya yi iƙirarin cewa kodayake al'adar Larabawa da Islama tana da muhimmancin gaske ga ra'ayoyin jin daɗin ɗan adam, Tarihi ya tabbatar da cewa "ba su da isasshen yaduwa a cikin al'umma don inganta al'adun da suka danganci kwangilar siyasa, kuma ba da damar halatta bambance-bambance na ra'ayi, tattaunawa da canja wurin iko. " <ref name="undp.org" /> Batutu na ingancin dimokuradiyya a yankin da haƙƙin ɗan adam suna cikin ainihin cibiyar ƙalubalen da ke fuskantar al'ummar Gabas ta Tsakiya a yau.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2011 |title=Human Rights In The Middle East: Questions Of Compatibility And Conflict |url=http://www.e-ir.info/2011/03/30/human-rights-in-the-middle-east-questions-of-compatibility-and-conflict/ |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.e-ir.info}}</ref> == Tsarin shari'a == === Matsayi na kasa da kasa === A cikin 1948 Masar, [[Iran]] da [[Pakistan]] sun sanya hannu kan [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya]] (UDHR). [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] ba ta yi ba, tana jayayya cewa "ta kasa la'akari da al'adu da addini na ƙasashen da ba na Yamma ba".<ref name="lse.ac.uk">{{Cite web |date=10 December 2012 |title=Human Rights: The Universal Declaration vs The Cairo Declaration |url=http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2012/12/10/1569/?replytocom=49098 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=blogs.lse.ac.uk}}</ref> Kasashe 45 na kungiyar hadin kan Musulunci (OIC) sun karɓi Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin Islama a watan Agustan shekarar 1990. Wannan sanarwar ta lalata yawancin haƙƙoƙin da UDHR ta ba da tabbacin ba da damar duk jihohin membobin su bi tsarin haƙƙin ɗan adam bisa ga dokar Shari'a.<ref name="lse.ac.uk"/> Misali, Mataki na 18 na UDHR ya tabbatar da cewa kowa yana da "dama ga 'yancin addini,' yancin canza addininsa da' yancin bayyana addininsa a koyarwa, aiki, bauta da kiyayewa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf |website=ohchr.org}}</ref> Mataki na 10 na CDHRI ya kafa cewa "An haramta yin amfani da kowane nau'i na tilastawa a kan mutum ko amfani da talaucinsa ko jahilci don canza shi zuwa wani addini ko rashin yarda da Allah".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organisation of Islamic Cooperation |url=http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061014100154/http://www.oic-oci.org/english/article/human.htm |archive-date=2006-10-14 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.oic-oci.org}}</ref> Kwamitin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Larabawa, <ref name="fidh.org3">{{Cite web |title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.fidh.org}}</ref> an kafa shi ne a cikin 2009 don kula da bin [[Yarjejeniya Ta Larabawa Kan Hakkokin Dan Adam|Yarjejeniyar Larabawa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam]], wanda ya fara aiki a watan Maris na Shekarar 2017. Ya zuwa farkon watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2009, kasashe goma na Larabawa sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Larabawa kan 'Yancin Dan Adam . Wadannan sune: [[Aljeriya]], [[Baharen|Bahrain]], [[Jodan|Jordan]], [[Libya]], [[Ƙasar Falasɗinu|Falasdinu]], [[Qatar]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]], [[Siriya]], [[Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa|Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa]], da [[Yemen]].<ref name="fidh.org3" /> Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2012, wasu Jihohi huɗu sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar Larabawa. Wadannan sune: [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], [[Kuwaiti (ƙasa)|Kuwait]], [[Lebanon]], da [[Sudan]].<ref name="ijrcenter.org3">{{Cite web |date=8 April 2010 |title=Middle East and North Africa |url=http://www.ijrcenter.org/regional/middle-east-and-north-africa/ |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.ijrcenter.org |archive-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506184026/https://ijrcenter.org/regional/middle-east-and-north-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yarjejeniyar ta kirkiro tsari wanda kwamitin ke karɓar da sake duba rahotanni na jihohi kuma yana ba da shawarwari kamar yadda ya dace. Yarjejeniyar ba ta samar da hanyar korafe-korafe ba.<ref name="ijrcenter.org3" /> ya sami zaman uku a lokacin da yake mai da hankali kan "al'amuran tsari na shirya aikinsa".<ref name="fidh.org">{{Cite web |title=Human Rights organizations and Arab Human Rights Committee engage in constructive dialogue |url=https://www.fidh.org/en/international-advocacy/other-regional-organisations/league-of-arab-states/Human-Rights-organizations-and |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.fidh.org}}</ref> == Batutuwan 'yancin Dan Adam == === Hukuncin kisa === <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>Game da [[Hukuncin Kisa|hukuncin kisa]] ana iya raba ƙasashen yankin zuwa kashi biyu: # [[Tunisiya]], Aljeriya, Morocco, [[Isra'ila]] da [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] ana daukar su "abolusionist a aikace". Baya ga Isra'ila, duk ƙasashen da ke sama suna riƙe da hukuncin kisa don manyan laifuka kamar laifuka masu alaƙa da miyagun ƙwayoyi da kisan kai, duk da haka ba a aiwatar da kisa ba a cikin dogon lokaci. An aiwatar da kisan Isra'ila na ƙarshe a cikin 1962 saboda sun riƙe hukuncin kisa ba don laifuka na yau da kullun ba amma yanayi na musamman.<ref name="europa.eu">{{Cite web |title=Policy declaration |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/briefing_note/join/2012/491450/EXPO-JOIN_SP(2012)491450_EN.pdf |website=europarl.europa.eu}}</ref> # Duk sauran kasashe a Gabas ta Tsakiya suna kashe fursunoni saboda laifuka ciki har da "laifuka na yau da kullun".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Death Penalty |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/death-penalty/ |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.amnesty.org}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar Rojava mai cin gashin kanta a Siriya, wanda aka kafa a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya, an soke hukuncin kisa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-13 |title=The New Justice System in Rojava |url=http://www.biehlonbookchin.com/justice-system-in-rojava/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015101028/http://www.biehlonbookchin.com/justice-system-in-rojava/ |archive-date=October 15, 2014 |access-date=2016-06-06 |publisher=biehlonbookchin.com}}</ref> Hukuncin mutuwa ya tabbatar da wahalar kawar da shi a Gabas ta Tsakiya saboda yawancin tsarin [[Shari'a]] na kasashe da yawa da ke kewaye da addini, wanda ya fi "tsayayya da canji fiye da tsarin da ke dogara ne kawai da doka".<ref name="europa.eu"/> A mafi yawan ƙasashe a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, tsarin shari'a ya dogara da Shari'a. Koyaya, tsarin shari'a na Isra'ila yana da tushe daban-daban.<ref name="europa.eu" /> A cikin dokar aikata laifuka da Shari'a ta ƙaddara, yawancin laifuka masu rarraba a matsayin Hudud ana iya hukunta su da mutuwa kuma ana ɗaukar su da haɗari ga al'ummar Islama. An tsara hukuncin su a cikin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] da [[Hadisi]]. Sun hada da zina, ridda, fashi da tawaye. A cikin shekara ta 2012, Iran ta tabbatar da matsayinta na jagora a yankin tare da kisa sau biyu a kowace rana kuma Iran ta ci gaba da kashe fursunoni duk da wajibai na kasa da kasa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Texts adopted - Thursday, 22 November 2012 |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT%20TA%2020121122%20ITEMS%20DOC%20XML%20V0//EN&language=EN#sdocta18 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2012 |title=Iran: Proposed Penal Code Deeply Flawed |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/08/29/iran-proposed-penal-code-deeply-flawed |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref> Dangane da binciken da Amnesty International ta gudanar a cikin 2015, an gudanar da akalla kisan gilla 1,196 a kasashe takwas na Gabas ta Tsakiya - "hawan kashi 26% daga kisan gishiri 945 da aka rubuta a kasashe asatọ a cikin 2014".<ref name="amnesty.org">{{Cite web |date=6 April 2016 |title=Death penalty 2015: Facts and figures |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/04/death-penalty-2015-facts-and-figures/ |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.amnesty.org}}</ref> "Iran kadai ta kai kashi 82% na duk hukuncin da aka yi a yankin kuma Saudi Arabia ta kashe akalla mutane 158 - karuwar kashi 76% a shekarar 2014 kuma mafi girman adadin da aka rubuta ga Saudi Arabia tun daga 1995".<ref name="amnesty.org" /><ref name="amnesty.org" /> Hukuncin kisa yana wakiltar rikici mafi ban mamaki tsakanin ra'ayin 'UN-sponsored' haƙƙin ɗan adam da dokar Shari'a.<ref name="europa.eu2">{{Cite web |title=Policy declaration |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/briefing_note/join/2012/491450/EXPO-JOIN_SP(2012)491450_EN.pdf |website=europarl.europa.eu}}</ref> Shari'a ta kafa hukuncin kisa a matsayin hukunci na tilas ga wasu laifukan Hudud. "Bugu da ƙari, wasu hanyoyin kisa da aka tsara a cikin matani masu tsarki, kamar [[Flogging|bulala]], [[Stoning|dutse]] da [[Amputation|yankewa]], sun keta yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa da ta hana azabtarwa da zalunci da rashin mutunci. " <ref name="europa.eu2" /> Yarjejeniyar Zaɓin ta Biyu ga Alkawarin Kasa da Kasa kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa (ICCPR), <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2008 |title=World Coalition Against Death Penalty |url=http://www.worldcoalition.org/Second-Optional-Protocol-Frequently-Asked-Questions.html |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.worldcoalition.org |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004133001/http://www.worldcoalition.org/Second-Optional-Protocol-Frequently-Asked-Questions.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> da nufin kawar da hukuncin kisa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta karɓa a shekarar 1989. Mataki na 1 na Yarjejeniyar ya bayyana cewa dukkan bangarorin Yarjejeniyar za su guji aiwatar da kisa kuma za su dauki dukkan matakan da suka dace don kawar da hukuncin kisa a cikin ikonsu. Babu wata kasashe a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da ta tabbatar da wannan yarjejeniya, kodayake yawancin sun sanya hannu kuma sun tabbatar da ICCPR. === 'Yanci na addini === {{Human rights in the Middle East}}A Misira, Sanarwar Tsarin Mulki ta Maris 2011 da sabon kundin tsarin mulki da aka tabbatar a ranar 22 ga Disamba, 2011 sun samar da wasu 'yancin addini, amma wasu tanadin kundin tsarin mulki, dokoki, da manufofi da ayyuka na gwamnati sun iyakance wannan' yancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Religious Freedom Report for 2012 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2012religiousfreedom/index.htm?dlid=208388&year=2012#wrapper |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> A Saudi Arabia, ba a amince da 'yancin addini ba ko kuma a kare shi a karkashin doka. Sunni Islama ita ce addinin hukuma bisa ga Dokar Tushen a shekarar 1992 kuma Alkur'ani da Sunna sune kundin tsarin mulkin Saudi Arabia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2013 |title=U.S. Report on Religious Freedom in Middle East |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/us-report-religious-freedom-middle-east#sthash.OG3s3eLL.dpuf |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=www.wilsoncenter.org}}</ref> Baya ga masallatai, babu majami'u ko wasu wuraren ibada a Saudi Arabia. Ita ce kadai kasar a duniya da ta haramta su.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Department Of State. The Office of Electronic Information |first=Bureau of Public Affairs |date=2008-09-19 |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108492.htm |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=2001-2009.state.gov |language=en}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Kuwait ya ba da izinin 'yancin addini duk da haka ba a sau da yawa yin hakan. Gwamnati gabaɗaya tana tilasta ƙuntatawa kan 'yancin addini da wasu dokoki da manufofi suka kafa. Shari'a (dokar Islama) ita ce ainihin tushen doka kuma Islama ita ce addinin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Declaration of religious freedom |url=http://www.fciv.org/downloads/Joseph_Ellul_FREEDOM%20OF%20RELIGION%20IN%20THE%20MIDDLE%20EASTERN%20CONTEXT.pdf |website=fciv.org |access-date=2025-08-02 |archive-date=2016-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729163045/http://fciv.org/downloads/Joseph_Ellul_FREEDOM |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dukkanin gwamnatocin Iraki da Lebanon suna girmama 'yancin addini. An kare shi a cikin kundin tsarin mulki da sauran dokoki daban-daban. A Lebanon "Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ayyana daidaito na hakkoki da ayyuka ga dukkan 'yan ƙasa ba tare da nuna bambanci ko fifiko ba amma ya kafa daidaitattun iko tsakanin manyan kungiyoyin addinai. " A Iraki an dauki Islama a matsayin addinin hukuma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208612.pdf |website=state.gov}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da umarnin cewa a dauki Islama a matsayin babban tushen doka, kuma ya bayyana cewa ba za a iya kafa doka da ta saba wa "tsarin da aka kafa na Islama" ba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Report |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/222503.pdf |website=state.gov}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Rojava, Tarayyar Arewacin [[Siriya]] mai cin gashin kanta - Rojava a Siriya da aka kafa a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya, ta tabbatar da 'yancin addini. === 'Yanci na magana === An yi watsi da 'yancin magana a Gabas ta Tsakiya na tsawon shekaru, ta hanyar murkushewa / cire abubuwan kan layi, leken asiri na masu adawa, masu gwagwarmaya, ko' yan jarida, masu sukar gwamnatinsu, da kuma tsare-tsare. A watan Janairun 2021, a cikin gwamnatoci da yawa, an kira gwamnatocin kasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya saboda rashin amfani da jagorar kariya ga lafiyar jama'a don hana 'yancin magana da gwagwarmaya a yankin. Kasashen sun hada da Masar, Bahrain, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, UAE, da Tunisia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amid COVID-19 Pandemic, Internet Freedom Is Under Attack in The Middle East and North Africa |url=https://freedomhouse.org/article/amid-covid-19-pandemic-internet-freedom-under-attack-middle-east-and-north-africa |access-date=19 January 2021 |website=Freedom House}}</ref> A cewar rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai game da babban fallasawa game da amfani da fasahar leken asiri ta Isra'ila ta hanyar mulkin mallaka, jerin abokan ciniki na gwamnati na software na Pegasus na NSO Group sun haɗa da kasashe da yawa na Gabas ta Tsakiya kamar Bahrain, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa, da Saudi Arabia. An ruwaito cewa, masu gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam, lauyoyi, da 'yan jarida an yi niyya a duniya tare da aikace-aikacen malware na wayar da aka sayar wa waɗannan gwamnatoci. An sami jerin lambobin waya sama da 50,000 na mutanen da ke sha'awar abokin ciniki (s) na kamfanin akan software. Kungiyar NSO ta musanta duk wani laifi a cikin shari'ar. An ce software mai cutarwa ya kamu da wayoyin hannu da aka yi niyya tare da tsarin aiki na Android ko Apple, don cire bayanan mai amfani na sirri kamar hotuna, saƙonni, imel, rikodin kira, kuma ya ba da damar kunna asirin kyamarori da makirufo na na'urar don leken asiri na ainihi. An yi zargin, na'urorin mutanen da ke kusa da ɗan jaridar Saudiyya da aka kashe, Jamal Khashoggi, gami da budurwarsa, an kuma yi niyya ta hanyar software. === Matsayin mata === {{Human rights in the Middle East}} ==== Aiki ==== Mata a ko'ina cikin Gabas ta Tsakiya suna samun ƙasa da maza kodayake akwai Dokokin aiki a wurin da ke ba da damar samun ci gaba da horo da daidaitaccen albashi don irin wannan aikin. Wadannan dokokin aiki ana keta su akai-akai dangane da ba kawai albashi ba har ma da fa'idodi kamar rance ga manyan jami'ai ko alawus na gidaje.<ref name="freedomhouse.org"/> Mata a yawancin ƙasashe a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya na iya gabatar da korafe-korafe na nuna bambanci tare da hukumomin gwamnati amma waɗannan galibi ba su da tasiri saboda rashin iya bincika shari'o'in nuna bambanci yadda ya kamata ko sanya hukunci ga ma'aikata waɗanda suka keta dokokin aiki.<ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> A kasashe da yawa a yankin, dokokin aiki sun hana mata yin aiki mai wahala ko mai haɗari, ko aikin da za a iya ɗauka "mai cutar da lafiyarsu ko ɗabi'arsu".<ref name="freedomhouse.org"/> An haramta mata yin aiki da dare, ban da waɗanda ke aiki a fannin kiwon lafiya da wasu fannoni. Kodayake ana ganin waɗannan tanadi a cikin gida a matsayin hanyar kare mata, a zahiri suna "bi da mata a matsayin yara waɗanda ba su iya yanke shawara game da tsaron kansu ba kuma su riƙe masu kula da mata idan an keta dokokin". <ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> ==== Gudanar da tuki ==== Ba a yarda Mata a Saudi Arabia su tuka ba, koda kuwa suna da lasisi daga wata ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-12-17 |title=Case History: Lujain Al-Hathlol |url=https://www.frontlinedefenders.org/en/case/case-history-lujain-al-hathlol |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=Front Line Defenders |language=en}}</ref> An ci tarar mata da yawa ko kuma an ɗaure su saboda ƙin waɗannan haramtacciyar. An canza wannan a cikin shekara ta 2017 lokacin da aka ba mata damar neman lasisin Saudiyya. ==== Ilimi ==== {{Middle East}}Ilimi ya kasance muhimmiyar yanki na ci gaba ga mata a yankin, kuma hanya ce mai mahimmanci don ci gaban su zuwa ga daidaito. Tun daga shekarun 1990s, mata a yankin sun sami ci gaba wajen samun ilimi, ilimi, shiga jami'a, da kuma kewayon batutuwan da suke da su.<ref name="freedomhouse.org">{{Cite web |title=Women's rights |url=https://www.freedomhouse.org/sites/default/files/Women's%20Rights%20in%20the%20Middle%20East%20and%20Noth%20Africa,%20Gulf%20Edition.pdf |website=freedomhouse.org}}</ref> A Saudi Arabia, alal misali, cibiyoyin ilimi guda uku sun fara ba da izinin mata suyi karatun doka a shekarar 2007. Koyaya, an hana su aiki a matsayin lauyoyi da alƙalai a kotu kuma ana ba su izinin yin aiki ne kawai a matsayin masu ba da shawara kan shari'a ga wasu mata.<ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> Duk da wadannan ci gaba, har yanzu akwai shingen da yawa ga daidaiton jinsi a ilimi. A cikin yawancin ƙasashe da aka yi karatu, jami'o'i galibi sun kasance suna rabuwa da jinsi.<ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> A Saudi Arabia, alal misali, yawan da bambancin azuzuwan da aka ba maza sun fi na mata girma.<ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> ==== Cin zarafin gida ==== Babu wata ƙasa a yankin (ban da ita kaɗai daga ƙungiyar Rojava mai cin gashin kanta a Siriya) da ke ba da takamaiman kariya daga fyade na aure ko tashin hankali na gida duk da haka an haramta cin zarafin jiki gaba ɗaya.<ref name="freedomhouse.org"/> Akwai rashin kariya ta hukuma game da haƙƙoƙi a cikin gida da kuma rashin lissafin gwamnati a cikin waɗannan yankuna. An yi imanin cewa yawancin tashin hankali na gida yawanci ana rufe shi kuma ana kiyaye shi a cikin iyali kamar yadda mata da yawa a yankin ke jin ba za su iya tattauna cin zarafinsu ba tare da lalata suna da mutuncin danginsu ba.<ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> Mata da aka yi wa fyade ba sa yawan ƙoƙarin gabatar da korafe-korafe tare da 'yan sanda kuma lokacin da suka yi hakan galibi suna haɗuwa da jami'an da ke "rashin son shiga cikin abin da ake ɗauka a matsayin al'amarin iyali kuma suna ƙarfafa sulhu maimakon matakin shari'a. " A Saudi Arabia musamman, dokokin kula da ke da shi suna da wahala sosai ga matan da aka yi musu rauni su sami mafaka. " <ref name="freedomhouse.org" /> === Hakkin yara === Duk jihohin da ke yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya sun tabbatar da [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara|Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara]] (CRC). Bayan tabbatar da CRC, ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya sun kafa ko kuma sun ba da shawarar kafa dokoki don kare yara daga tashin hankali, cin zarafi, sakaci ko cin zarafi. Kasashe da yawa sun kafa cikakkun Dokokin Yara waɗanda ke tattara tanadi na doka don kare yaro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children's rights |url=http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/1949.pdf |website=resourcecentre.savethechildren.se |access-date=2025-08-02 |archive-date=2016-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601063314/http://resourcecentre.savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/1949.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masar, kafin juyin juya halin 2011, tana samun ci gaba a ilimi, samun allurar rigakafi da ruwa mai tsabta ga yara. Ayyukan yara, tashin hankali ga 'yan mata, bambancin jinsi a cikin ilimi da yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sun ci gaba da ganowa a matsayin wuraren damuwa. A yau, kama yara, tsare-tsare da ɗaurin kurkuku suna ci gaba da zama haɗarin kariya ga yara a Misira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children's rights |url=http://www.defenceforchildren.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ChildRightsMENA_Final_Report.pdf |website=defenceforchildren.org}}</ref> A rabi na biyu na shekara ta 2013, UNICEF ta kiyasta cewa an kama yara 400 dangane da rikice-rikicen siyasa.<ref name="unicef.org.nz">{{Cite web |title=Global Update - UNICEF NZ |url=https://www.unicef.org.nz/syria-five-years-content/global-update |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609234156/https://www.unicef.org.nz/syria-five-years-content/global-update |archive-date=9 June 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 2000, Gidauniyar Masar don Ci gaban Yanayin Yara (EFACC), tana ba da shawara game da cin zarafin yara da cin zarafi, tana inganta kariya ga waɗanda ke rikici da doka kuma tana inganta jin daɗin yara. EFACC kuma tana ba da taimakon shari'a kyauta ga yara da ke cikin matsala. Dukkanin rikice-rikicen waje da na ciki, ci gaba da rashin kwanciyar hankali na siyasa da rikicin 'yan gudun hijira na Siriya sun kasance manyan haɗari ga yara a Iraki. Rikicin da ke ƙaruwa da makamai tare da Daular Islama ta Iraki da Levant (ISIL) ya sanya karin yara cikin haɗari. Abubuwa da yawa na rayuwar yara suna cikin haɗari musamman [[aikin yara]], ilimi, mafaka, tashin hankali na jima'i da ɗaukar yara. .<ref name="unicef.org.nz" /> An kafa shi a shekara ta 2005, Kungiyar Matasa ta Kudu (SYO) tana wayar da kan jama'a game da haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma tana aiki don samun kariya mafi girma a gare su. SYO ta fallasa kuma ta rubuta manyan laifuffuka ga yara, tana mai da hankali musamman kan batutuwan [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]] da tashin hankali na ɗarika . <ref name="unicef.org.nz" /> A wasu yankuna na Gabas ta Tsakiya, an yi amfani da yara masu tsere na raƙumi; yawancin waɗannan yara sun fito ne daga wasu ƙasashe kuma ba su da abinci mai gina jiki. Duk wannan an canza shi kuma an sanya aikin ba bisa ka'ida ba. A Misira, Gidauniyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Sinai (SFHR) da ke Burtaniya ta zargi sojoji da yin barazana ga 'yancin yara zuwa ilimi a lokacin yakin neman zabe da' yan ta'adda a Arewacin Sinai. Sojojin Masar sun mamaye kuma sun juya makarantu 37 zuwa sansanonin soja. Bayan karbar mulki, gwamnati ba ta iya sake komawa yara yadda ya kamata ba. Dalibai sun bar ba tare da samun damar zuwa ilimi ba, yayin da matakan jahilci suka karu. Rikicin tsakanin sojoji da kungiyoyi masu dauke da makamai sun kuma lalata makarantu 59, uku daga cikinsu an ruwaito cewa 'yan ta'adda ne suka kai hari ko suka lalata su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League can't say if Newcastle ownership probe exists |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/mar/30/egyptian-army-has-turned-sinai-schools-into-military-bases-says-rights-group |access-date=30 March 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> === Hakkin fursunoni === Wani kwamitin bincike na gaskiya daga Birtaniya, wanda Crispin Blunt ke jagoranta, ya bayyana cewa [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] tana riƙe da tsohon Yarima Mohammed Bin Nayef da ɗan'uwan [[Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud|Sarki Salman]] Yarima Ahmed Bin Abdulaziz a ƙarƙashin tsare-tsare. Har ila yau, kasar ta hana wadannan mutane samun damar zuwa ga lauyoyin su, likitoci da danginsu. A watan Disamba na 2020, wani rukuni na 'yan majalisa na Burtaniya sun bukaci Burtaniya da sauran kasashe da su dakatar da duk wani zuwa Saudi Arabia. Da yake ambaton "mummunan zarge-zarge" game da cin zarafin bil'adama a cikin kurkuku na Saudiyya, kwamitin ya kuma nemi su sanya takunkumi na Magnitsky a kan jami'an kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=British MPs Call For Magnitsky Sanctions On Saudi Arabia Over Prisoner Abuses |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dominicdudley/2020/12/16/british-mps-call-for-magnitsky-sanctions-on-saudi-arabia-over-prisoner-abuses/ |access-date=16 December 2020 |website=Forbes}}</ref> An zargi Saudi Arabia da tsare daruruwan 'yan gudun hijirar [[Afirka]], musamman' yan gudun hijirar [[Itofiya|Habashawa]], a cikin yanayi mara kyau, tun watan Oktoba 2020. Rahotanni daga Human Rights Watch sun ba da rahoton cewa ana ajiye fiye da baƙi 350 a cikin ƙananan ɗakuna na cibiyar tsare-tsare a [[Riyadh]]. Tattaunawar wasu daga cikin 'yan gudun hijira sun bayyana cewa masu gadi sun azabtar da su kuma sun doke su, ta amfani da sandunan ƙarfe da aka rufe da roba. Bayani sun kara nuna cewa ba a dauki matakai a cikin cibiyoyin ba don sarrafa yaduwar [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|COVID-19]], duk da cewa wasu daga cikin wadanda aka tsare suna da alamun kwayar cutar. Wakilin Musamman na Tarayyar Turai na 'Yancin Dan Adam ya nuna shari'o'in fursunonin [[Baharen|Bahraini]] Hassan Mushaima, Abdulhadi al-Khawaja, da Abduljalil al-Singace don tattaunawar kare hakkin dan adam a farkon 2021 tare da hukumomin Bahraini. Tarayyar Turai ta nuna damuwa ga hukumomin Bahraini da ke neman haramta azabtarwa ga fursunoni, haƙƙinsu ga shari'a mai kyau, 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da tarayya, tsare-tsare, da kuma shari'o'i masu yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Borrell on behalf of the European Commission |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2020-006252-ASW_EN.html |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=European Parliament}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Answer given by High Representative/Vice-President Borrellon behalf of the European Commission |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-9-2020-006252-ASW_EN.pdf |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=European Parliament}}</ref> Mairie de Paris, a matsayin abokin tarayya mafi tsufa a cikin Paris FC, an kira shi don kawo karshen duk goyon baya ga gwamnatin [[Baharen|Bahrain]]; mai hannun jari 20% a cikin kulob din a watan Fabrairun 2021. An nemi a yanke shawarar a lokacin zabe kan sabunta tallafin shekara-shekara da Birnin Paris ke ba da ga Kungiyar Paris. Kungiyoyin da ba su da riba da yawa da ke zaune a Paris, gami da ADHRB, sun yi kira ga Birnin Paris da ya gudanar da tattaunawa game da cin zarafin haƙƙin ɗan adam da hukuncin kisa da aka yi a Masarautar Bahrain. Majalisar Paris ta zargi Bahrain da yin amfani da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ba daidai ba don 'Sport-Whitewashing' ta cin zarafin ɗan adam. Majalisar ta bukaci a saki wadanda aka tsare a kan layin mutuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2021 |title=Several Paris-based NGOs call upon the Mairie de Paris to cease all form of support for Bahrain "sport-washing" campaign |url=https://www.adhrb.org/2021/02/bahrain-sport-washing-campaign/ |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=For the immediate and unconditional release of 12 men sentenced to death for crimes they confessed under torture and the imposition of an official moratorium on the application of the death penalty in Bahrain. |url=https://usercontent.one/wp/www.adhrb.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Joint-Campaign-Declaration-Paris-FC-english.pdf |access-date=2 February 2021 |website=Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain}}</ref> Wani karamin tsibiri a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Bahrain yana fuskantar zargi akai-akai daga kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam game da yanayin Kurkuku. Yawan jama'a, rashin kulawar kiwon lafiya da rashin tsabta sune dalilan da aka yi imanin cewa zasu haifar da halin barazana a cikin kurkuku, a lokacin annobar COVID-19. A watan Afrilu na 2021, masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam a Bahrain sun ce a karkashin aikin tsaro, ana yi wa fursunoni a gidan yarin Jaw duka. Yayinda fursunoni ke nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin kurkuku a ciki, iyalansu sun gudanar da kananan zanga-zangar a waje suna neman a sake su da kuma inganta yanayin kurkuku. Hukumar Bahrain da ke kula da kurkuku ta bayyana amfani da karfi mai yawa a matsayin martani ga rashin biyayya. A cikin wani taron manema labarai da aka fitar a ranar 30 ga Afrilu 2021, mai magana da yawun [[Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Ƴancin Dan Adam|Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yancin Dan Adam]], Marta Hurtado, ya nuna cewa ya damu da rashin amfani da karfi na jiki da sojojin Bahraini suka yi amfani da shi a kan fursunoni yayin zaman lafiya a cikin gidan yarin Jau a ranar 17 ga Afrilu 2021. Kamar yadda shaidun da yawa na taron suka nuna, sojojin na musamman sun yi wa fursunoni duka a kan kawunansu, mummunan rauni, sannan suka jefa musu grenades. Lamarin ya faru ne lokacin da fursunoni ke nuna rashin amincewa da yanayin da ke cikin kurkuku da rashin magani. UNHCR ta yi kira ga hukumomin Bahraini da suyi la'akari da sakin karin fursunoni da aka tsare a gidan yarin Jau don sauƙaƙe tarwatsawar da ke fuskantar a ciki da kuma rage haɗarin ci gaba da yaduwar [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] a duk yawan mutanen da ke cikin gidan yarin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2021 |title=UN Calls on Bahrain to Investigate Violent Attack at Jau Prison and Release Dissidents |url=http://birdbh.org/2021/04/un-calls-on-bahrain-to-investigate-violent-attack-at-jau-prison-and-release-dissidents/ |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=BIRD}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: Marta Hurtado |url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=27042&LangID=E |access-date=30 April 2021 |website=OHCHR}}</ref> An daure Kameel Juma Hasan saboda zargin shiga cikin zanga-zangar 'ba bisa ka'ida ba', wanda ke sukar gwamnatin Bahrain. Amnesty International tana ɗaukar aikin a matsayin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam, saboda duk da cewa an fara tuhumar Kameel da zargin da aka ambata yana da shekaru 14, bai sami ko ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin da suka fada ƙarƙashin sabuwar dokar shari'ar yara ta Bahrain ba. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda bayanin da iyalin Kameel suka bayar, an yi masa duka kuma an tilasta masa tsayawa na dogon lokaci, bayan an tura shi zuwa Royal Academy of Police bayan an tsare shi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=YOUTH REMAINS IN PRISON IN FAMILY REPRISAL CASE |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/MDE1140812021ENGLISH.pdf |access-date=12 May 2021 |website=Amnesty International}}</ref> ADHRB, wata kungiya mai tallafawa kare hakkin dan adam ta ba da rahoton a farkon watan Agusta 2021 game da mummunar yanayin dan kasar Bahraini mai shekaru 22, Mustafa Abdulkarim Khatam, saboda azabtar da shi yayin da ake yi masa tambayoyi a cikin kurkuku. An yi wa Mustafa tambayoyi na kwanaki tara kuma an azabtar da shi ta hanyar tunani da kuma ta jiki, gami da, zagi da ta jiki, bulala, duka, dakatarwa, rigakafin ayyukan asali kamar barci, cin abinci, amfani da gidan wanka, ko zama. An ruwaito cewa an hana lauyan Mustafa halartar tambayoyin kuma tun daga ranar 5 ga watan Agusta 2021, ba a ba shi maganin gaggawa da ake buƙata don daidaita yanayin da yake kara muni a lokacin ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2021 |title=Profile in Persecution: Mustafa AbdulKarim Khatam |url=https://www.adhrb.org/2021/08/profile-in-persecution-mustafa-abdulkarim-khatam/ |access-date=5 August 2021 |website=ADHRB}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen kare hakkin dan adam na yanki == Shirye-shiryen yanki da yawa suna tallafawa 'Yancin Dan Adam a yau, gami da: * Hukumar Larabawa ta 'Yancin Dan Adam (ba ta da alaƙa da Hukumar Larabawa kan' Yancin Dan Adam ) an kirkireshi ne a cikin 1998 ta masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam 15, ciki har da Haytham Manna daga Siriya, Moncef Marzouki daga Tunisia, da sauransu daga Masar da sauran kasashen Larabawa. * An ƙaddamar da hadin gwiwar garuruwan Larabawa game da wariyar launin fata, nuna bambanci, wariyar launin shudi da rashin haƙuri a cikin 2008, a Casablanca, Morocco. Yana daga cikin Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyi masu Ƙwarewa da Ƙasa (ICCAR), wani shiri da UNESCO ta ƙaddamar a watan Maris na shekara ta 2004. Wadannan hadin gwiwar yanki suna neman kafa cibiyar sadarwa ta biranen da ke da sha'awar raba abubuwan da suka faru don inganta manufofinsu don yaki da wariyar launin fata, nuna bambanci, wariyar launinariya da warewa. * Cibiyar Larabci don Bayanan 'Yancin Dan Adam, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a Misira wacce ke tattara wallafe-wallafe, kamfen, rahotanni, da maganganu daga kusan kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam 140 na Larabci a duk fadin yankin kuma tana sake buga su a cikin jarida ta yau da kullun. * An kirkiro Masanin Larabawa a cikin Dimokuradiyya da 'Yancin Dan Adam a cikin 2015 tare da goyon bayan Tarayyar Turai. Ya haɗu da jami'o'i da yawa daga ko'ina cikin Yankin Larabawa (Jordani, Lebanon, Falasdinu, Maroko, da Tunisia) a cikin ayyukan hadin gwiwa, gami da shirin mashahuri na musamman tare da fasalulluka masu mahimmanci, masu amfani da mahimmanci. == Ta hanyar ƙasa == Dubi wadannan don ƙarin bayani game da kowace ƙasa: == Dubi kuma == * [[Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam a Afirka|'Yancin Dan Adam a Afirka]] * 'Yancin Dan Adam a Gabashin Asiya * [[Yancin Dan Adam a Asiya ta Tsakiya|'Yancin Dan Adam a Asiya ta Tsakiya]] * [[Haƙƙin ɗan adam a Turai|'Yancin Dan Adam a Turai]] * [['Yancin Dan Adam a kasar Sin]] * [[Hakkokin ɗan Adam a kasashen Musulmi|'Yancin Dan Adam a kasashe masu yawan Musulmai]] * [['Yancin Dan Adam a Amurka]] * Sabon adawa da Yahudawa * [[Xenophobia da wariyar launin fata a Gabas ta Tsakiya]] * Jerin lokaci na mata na farko a cikin kasashe masu rinjaye * Cinikin mutane a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Dimokuradiyya a Gabas ta Tsakiya * LGBT a Gabas ta Tsakiya ** Taboo na jima'i a Gabas ta Tsakiya * Rikicin abinci na duniya (2022-yanzu) == Manazarta == === Bayani === === Tushen === * {{Citation|last=Mahmood Monshipouri}} * {{Citation|last=Anthony Chase}} *   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.hrw.org/middle-east/n-africa Mai kula da 'yancin Dan Adam] * [http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MENARegion/Pages/MENAProgramme.aspx Ofishin Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya] * [http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa Amnesty International] [[Rukuni:Yankin Dan adam]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7yozqbvofh53qoolxlc6muampbg223t 0 111211 828129 691650 2026-04-30T19:17:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828129 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}Labarin bawa wani nau'i ne na wallafe-wallafen da ya shafi (rubuce-rubuce) tarihin rayuwar bayi, musamman 'Yan Afirka da suka yi bautar a Amurka, kodayake akwai wasu misalai da yawa. Fiye da dubu shida irin waɗannan labaran an kiyasta su wanzu; kimanin labaran 150 an buga su a matsayin littattafai daban-daban ko litattafai. A cikin Amurka a lokacin Babban Mawuyacin hali (1930s), fiye da 2,300 ƙarin Tarihin baki game da rayuwa a lokacin bautar an tattara su ne ta hanyar marubuta da Gudanar da Ayyuka suka tallafawa kuma suka buga su, shirin Sabon Yarjejeniya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaloo_(journal)</ref> Yawancin tambayoyin da aka yi rikodin sauti 26 ana gudanar da su ne ta hanyar Library of Congress.<ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2013/02/17/opinion/greene-slave-narrative/index.html?hpt=hp_c1</ref> Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fara tunawa da zaman fursuna da aka sani a duniyar masu magana da Ingilishi, Turawa farar fata ne da kuma Amurkawa daga baya suka rubuta, wadanda musulmin gida suka kama kuma a wasu lokutan su bautar da su a Arewacin Afirka, galibi ‘yan fashin Barbary. Waɗannan su ne ɓangare na faffadan nau'in "labarun zaman talala". Tun daga karni na 17, waɗannan sun haɗa da asusun da 'yan mulkin mallaka suka yi da kuma mazauna Amurka a Arewacin Amirka da Amurka waɗanda 'yan asalin Amirka suka kama kuma suka riƙe su. An buga wasu sanannun labarai na zaman bauta kafin juyin juya halin Amurka, kuma galibi suna bin sifofin da aka kafa tare da labarun zaman talala a Arewacin Afirka. [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Asusun Arewacin Afirka bai ci gaba da bayyana ba bayan zamanin Napoleonic; asusun daga Arewacin Amirka, waɗanda kabilun yamma da ke ƙaura zuwa yamma suka ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19. ==A matsayin nau'in wallafe-wallafen== Ci gaban labaran bayi daga labaran tarihin rayuwa zuwa ayyukan almara na zamani ya haifar da kafa labaran bayi a matsayin nau'in wallafe-wallafen. Wannan babban rubric na wannan abin da ake kira "littafin bauta" ya haɗa da gabaɗaya "duk wani labarin rayuwa, ko babban ɓangare na rayuwa, na mai gudu ko tsohon bawa, ko dai an rubuta shi ko kuma ya danganta shi da baki da bawa da kansa ko kanta".[1] Ganin cewa labaran farko sun ba da labaran 'yan gudun hijira ko' yanta bayi a lokacin nuna bambanci na launin fata, sun ci gaba da bunkasa cikin litattafan almara kuma sun fadada tasirin su har zuwa kwanakin yau da kullun. Ba wai kawai kiyaye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kama gaskiyar tarihi da aka watsa a cikin waɗannan asusun ba, amma labaran bayi sun kasance kayan aiki ne ga 'yan gudun hijira ko tsoffin bayi don bayyana 'yancin kansu a karni na 19, kuma ci gaba da kiyaye gaskiyar tarihi ta gaskiya daga hangen nesa na mutum na farko. Sun ci gaba da wuce tarihin rayuwa kawai, kuma sun kasance "tushen sake gina kwarewar tarihi". Ana ɗaukar bayi da aka 'yantar da su waɗanda suka rubuta labaran a matsayin masana tarihi, tun lokacin da "tunanin da tarihi suka haɗu".[3] Wadannan asusun sun danganta abubuwa na rayuwar mutum da makoma na bawa tare da mahimman abubuwan tarihi, kamar Yaƙin basasar Amurka da Hanyar jirgin kasa ta karkashin kasa. A cikin labaran da suka fi sauƙi, duk da haka masu ƙarfi, labaran bawa suna bin wani makirci na kowa ga su duka: farawa daga halin da ake ciki na farko, bawa a gidan maigidansa, mai gabatarwa ya tsere a cikin jeji kuma ya ba da labarin gwagwarmayar rayuwa da sanarwa a duk lokacin da ba shi da tabbas game da tafiyarsa zuwa 'yanci.[1] Bayan haka, an rubuta waɗannan labaran ne ta hanyar bayin da aka 'yantar da su da / ko mai ba da shawara game da abolitionist, saboda haka mayar da hankali kan sauyawa daga bawa mai son kai zuwa mai 'yanci. Wannan canjin sau da yawa ya haifar da karatu da rubutu a matsayin hanyar da za a shawo kan bauta, kamar yadda yanayin Frederick Douglass ya nuna. Labaran suna da kyau sosai har zuwa yadda aka bayyana asusun da yawa na misali bulala, cin zarafi da fyade ga mata bayi a daki-daki (duba Kula da bayi a Amurka). Rashin amincewa da masu bautar, musamman zalunci da munafunci, batu ne mai maimaitawa a cikin labaran bayi, kuma a wasu misalai ya yi tir da ka'idoji biyu (misali a cikin labarin Douglass, mai bautarsa Hopkins mutum ne mai addini sosai, amma kuma mai zalunci). ==Labaran bayi na Arewacin Amurka== An fara buga labaran bayi daga bayi na Afirka daga Arewacin Amurka a Ingila a karni na 18. Ba da daɗewa ba suka zama babban nau'in wallafe-wallafen Afirka na Amurka a karni na 19. Masu abolitionists ne suka yada labaran bayi, wadanda wani lokacin suka shiga a matsayin editoci, ko marubuta idan bayi ba su da ilimi. A farkon rabin karni na 19, jayayya game da bautar a Amurka ta haifar da wallafe-wallafen da ke da sha'awa a bangarorin biyu na batun. Don gabatar da gaskiyar bautar, wasu tsoffin bayi, kamar Harriet Tubman, Harriet Jacobs, da Frederick Douglass, sun buga asusun bautarsu da tserewa zuwa 'yanci. Lucy Delaney ta rubuta wani labarin da ya hada da karar 'yanci da mahaifiyarta ta yi a Missouri don' yancin su. A ƙarshe wasu tsoffin bayi 6,000 daga Arewacin Amurka da Caribbean sun rubuta asusun rayuwarsu, kuma an buga asusun littattafai sama da 100 daga mutanen da suka kasance bayi a duk duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/110/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2025-08-06 |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215115642/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/110/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1609-1865/essays/slavenarrative.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170317055140/https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/literature-and-language-arts/essays/slave-narratives-genre-and-source</ref> ==Labaran fansa na addini== Daga shekarun 1770 zuwa 1820, labaran bayi gabaɗaya sun ba da labarin tafiya ta ruhaniya da ke haifar da fansa ta Kirista. Marubutan galibi suna nuna kansu a matsayin 'yan Afirka maimakon bayi, kamar yadda aka haifi yawancin a Afirka. ==Manazarta== 69nsaq8htiv6idmn6ht0gcatb1y42ke 0 111637 828146 693104 2026-04-30T20:14:23Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Laki''' (Farancin [[Ayislan|Iceland]]: [] i) ko '''Lakagígar''' ([ˈlaːkaˌciː__hau____hau____hau__ ''Craters na Laki'') wani dutse ne mai fitattun wuta a yammacin yankin Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland, ba da nisa da dutsen Eldgjá da ƙaramin ƙauyen Kirkjubæjarklaustur . Ana kiran fissure da Lakagígar, yayin da Laki dutse ne wanda fissure ya raba. Lakagígar wani bangare ne na tsarin dutsen mai fitattun wuta wanda ke tsakiyar dutsen mai suna Grímsvötn kuma ya haɗa da dutsen mai fashewa Þórðarhyrna . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iceland : Katla Volcano |url=http://iceland.vefur.is/iceland_nature/Volcanoes_in_Iceland/katla.htm |access-date=March 26, 2010 |publisher=Iceland on the web |archive-date=May 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530054745/http://iceland.vefur.is/iceland_nature/volcanoes_in_iceland/katla.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gudmundsson |first=Magnús T. |last2=Thórdís Högnadóttir |date=January 2007 |title=Volcanic systems and calderas in the Vatnajökull region, central Iceland: Constraints on crustal structure from gravity data |journal=Journal of Geodynamics |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=153–169 |bibcode=2007JGeo...43..153G |doi=10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.015}}</ref> Yana tsakanin [[Gileshiya (Tsaunin kankara)|kankara]] na Mýrdalsjökull da Vatnajökull, a cikin wani yanki na fissures da ke gudana a kudu maso yamma zuwa arewa maso gabas.{{IPA|is|ˈlaːcɪ}}{{IPA|is|ˈlaːcɪ}}{{IPA|is|ˈlaːcɪ}} Tsarin ya barke da tashin hankali a cikin watanni takwas tsakanin watan Yuni 1783 da Fabrairu 1784 daga fissure Laki da dutsen mai aman wuta Grímsvötn. Ya zubar da kimanin 42&nbsp;biliyan ton ko {{Convert|14|km3|e9cuyd}} na basalt lava da kuma gajimare na guba na hydrofluoric acid da sulfur dioxide mahadi da suka gurɓata ƙasa, wanda ya kai ga mutuwar sama da 50% na yawan dabbobin Iceland, da lalata yawancin amfanin gonaki. Wannan ya haifar da yunwa wanda sannan ya kashe aƙalla kashi biyar <ref name="1783–1784 Laki eruption">{{Cite journal |last=Thordarson |first=T. |last2=Self |first2=S. |year=2003 |title=Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 1783–1784 Laki eruption: A review and reassessment |url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/17d8aae9-d2bf-4120-b61a-31c6966a7e24 |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |volume=108 |issue=D1 |pages=4011 |arxiv=astro-ph/0309423 |bibcode=2003JGRD..108.4011T |doi=10.1029/2001JD002042 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424194713/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2003/2001JD002042.shtml |archive-date=April 24, 2012 |doi-access=free}}</ref> na al'ummar tsibirin, kodayake wasu sun yi iƙirarin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu. Fashewar Laki da sakamakonsa sun haifar da raguwar yanayin zafi na duniya, yayin da aka zubar da tan miliyan 120 na sulfur dioxide a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere. Wannan ya haifar da gazawar amfanin gona a [[Turai]] kuma yana iya haifar da fari a [[Arewacin Afirka]] da [[Indiya]]. == Fashewar shekara ta 1783 ==   A ranar 8 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1783, wani rami mai tsawon kilomita {{Cvt|25|km|mi|-long|1}} (15.5 na akalla 130 ya buɗe tare da fashewar phreato[[Magma]] saboda ruwan da ke ƙasa yana hulɗa da magma mai tasowa.<ref name="econ" /> A cikin 'yan kwanaki fashewar ta zama ƙasa da fashewa, Strombolian, kuma daga baya Hawaiian a cikin hali, tare da babban ƙimar hawan dutse. Wannan taron an kiyasta shi a matsayin 4 a kan Volcanic Explosivity Index, amma fitar da watanni takwas na sulfuric aerosols ya haifar da daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi da zamantakewa na karni na karshe. <ref name="Laki1783GVP">{{Cite web |date=8 May 2017 |title=Grimsvotn – Eruptive History |url=http://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=373010 |access-date=15 June 2017 |website=[[Global Volcanism Program]] |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]}}</ref> === Sakamakon a Iceland === Sakamakon ga Iceland, wanda aka sani da {{Lang|is|Móðuharðindin}} {{IPA|is|ˈmouːðʏˌharðɪntɪn|}} (matsalar [[Vog|hazo]]), sun kasance bala'i. An kiyasta cewa kashi 20-25% na yawan jama'a sun mutu a cikin yunwa bayan fashewar fashewa ta biyo baya. (Wasu kafofin sun ƙayyade yawan mutuwar tsakanin mutane 9,000 da 9,500.) Kimanin 80% na tumaki (190,500 kai), 50% na shanu (11,500 kai) da 50% na dawakai (28,000 kai) sun mutu saboda fluorosis na hakora da fluorosis na kwarangwal daga tan miliyan 8 na fluorine da aka saki. Mutuwar dabbobi ta samo asali ne daga cin ciyawa mai gurbata, yayin da mutuwar mutane galibi daga yunwa ce da ta biyo baya. == Manazarta == k5n4shzj0hcdzo123z4bxydt15jbkku 0 111805 828155 701984 2026-04-30T20:53:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lappeenranta ('''fififi; Yaren mutanen Sweden: Villmanstrand) birni ne, da ke a ƙasar Finland kuma babban birnin yankin Kudancin Karelia.  Yana cikin kudu maso gabashin ciki na kasar da kuma cikin tafkin Finnish.  Yawan jama'ar Lapeenranta kusan 73,000 ne, yayin da yankin ke da yawan jama'a kusan 88,000.  Samfuri ce: Data Finland gundumar / yawan jama'a jerin jerin gundumomi mafi yawan jama'a a Finland, kuma yanki na 11 mafi yawan jama'a a cikin ƙasar. Lappee tana kan iyakar Tafkin Saimaa, kilomita 30 (19 mil) daga iyakar Rasha da kilomita 64 (40 daga birnin Vyborg. Lappeenranta tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan Cibiyoyin birane a duk yankin Saimaa, tare da biranen Imatra, Mikkeli da Savonlinna . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Finland Travel - Getting to Mikkeli and Savonlinna, Lake Saimaa &#124; Visit Saimaa |url=https://www.visitsaimaa.fi/en/travelling-to-finland-mikkeli-savonlinna/}}</ref> Lappeenranta ta kafa tsoffin kananan hukumomin Lappee da Lauritsala a shekara ta 1967, Nuijamaa a shekarar 1989, Joutseno a shekara ta 2009 da Ylämaa a shekara ta 2010. Lappeenranta, cibiyar yawon bude ido ta yankin, ita ce birni na biyu da aka fi ziyarta a Finland ta masu yawon bude hankali na Rasha bayan Helsinki kuma tana gasa da Helsinki don mafi girman rabon Tallace-tallace ba tare da haraji ba a Finland. Lappeenranta misali ne na makamashi mai sabuntawa da kuma yanayin rayuwa mai tsabta. Lappeenranta ita ce kadai birni na Finland daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe 14 na ƙalubalen duniya na duniya na shekarar 2014 wanda WWF ta shirya. A shekara ta 2009, Lappeenranta ta kasance ta huɗu a cikin kwatankwacin manyan biranen Finland, yayin da a cikin binciken a shekara ta 2008 birnin ya kasance na biyar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2009 |title=Lappeenrannan imago korkealla |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/lappeenrannan_imago_korkealla/5978768 |access-date=October 18, 2021 |website=[[YLE]] |language=fi}}</ref> A cikin binciken da aka gudanar tsakanin wakilan kasuwanci a cikin 2011, Lappeenranta ta kasance ta 17 a cikin biranen Finland dangane da hoto.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2, 2011 |title=Lappeenrannan imago hyvää keskisarjaa |url=http://www.esaimaa.fi/Online/2011/12/02/Lappeenrannan+imago+hyv%C3%A4%C3%A4+keskisarjaa/2011112514194/4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826161013/http://www.esaimaa.fi/Online/2011/12/02/Lappeenrannan+imago+hyv%C3%A4%C3%A4+keskisarjaa/2011112514194/4 |archive-date=August 26, 2014 |access-date=October 18, 2021 |website=[[Etelä-Saimaa]] |language=fi}}</ref> Filin jirgin saman Lappeenranta, wanda aka buɗe a 1918 kuma yana cikin tsakiyar gari, shine filin jirgin sama mafi tsufa a Finland. == Magana == Sunan ''''Lappee'''' ya ƙunshi asali Lappee (sunan asalin gari) da kuma sunan ''ranta'' wanda ke nufin "kogi". An san tashar jiragen ruwa da suna ''Lapvesi'' ("ruwa mai laushi"). Tarihin Lappeenranta ya haɗa da karkara na karkara na Lappee da ɗari na Lapvesi . Sunan Yaren mutanen Sweden ''Villmanstrand'' ya ƙunshi kalmomin ''vildman'' ma'anar "Mutumin daji" da strand ma'anar" bakin teku. An nuna wani mutum mara kyau a kan makamai na Lappeenranta. == Tarihi == {{Quote box|{{ubl| {{flagicon image|Flag of Sweden.svg}} [[Finland under Swedish rule|Sweden]] 1649–1741|{{flagicon image|Flag of Russia.svg}} [[Russian Empire]] 1741–1917|{{small|(as part of {{flagicon image|Coats of arms of the Grand Duchy of Finland.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] 1812-1917)}}|{{flagicon image|Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svg}} [[Finland]] 1917–1918|{{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic]] 1918|{{flag|Finland}} 1918–present}}}} [[Fayil:Map_of_Lappeenranta_1894.jpg|left|thumb|Taswirar Lappeenranta a cikin shekarun 1890]] Ƙauyen Kauskila, wanda ke da nisan kilomita takwas zuwa kudancin garin Lappeenranta, yana daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin jama'ar Karelian a Kudancin Karelia a lokacin Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Kauskila an ci gaba da zama kusan shekaru 2,000. Asalin ainihin mazaunin Lappeenranta, Lapvesi, daga baya Lappee, an samo asali ne a kusa da wani yanki da ke shiga tafkin Saimaa, wurin da kagara na yanzu.  An kafa kasuwar jama'a a nan, wanda ya zama mai mahimmanci a matsayin wurin ciniki wanda babban gwamna Count Per Brahe ƙarami ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata gwamnatin Sweden ta ba wa Lapvesi gata na gari.  Sarauniya Christina ta Sweden ce ta yi hayar garin a cikin shekara ta 1649.[1]  A lokacin, Lapvesi ta kasance muhimmiyar tashar jiragen ruwa don kwalta. tar. Tsakanin shekara ta 1721 da shekarar 1743, Lappeenranta ita ce babban birnin Kymmenegård da Nyslott County kuma a wannan lokacin Swedes sun gina sansanin a matakai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fortress, History |url=https://www.lappeenranta.fi/en/Our-City/Lappeenranta-Fortress/History |access-date=4 March 2019 |publisher=City of Lappeenranta }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 1741, an yi Yaƙin Villmanstrand tsakanin sojojin Sweden da Rasha a yakin Russo-Swedish na 1741-1743. Yaƙin ya ƙare da nasarar Rasha. An yi fashi da garin, an ƙone gine-ginen katako ciki har da ofishin jakadancin lardin kuma an lalata tarihin coci. Sauran ɓangaren Tsohon Finland har yanzu na Sweden, gami da Lappeenranta, Sweden ta ba da ita ga Rasha bisa ga Yarjejeniyar Turku . Bayan kirkirar Grand Duchy na Finland a cikin shekara ta 1809, Tsohon Finland ya shiga Grand Duchy a cikin shekara ta 1812 a matsayin alamar alheri ta Alexander I na Rasha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2017 |title=Vanha Suomi syntyi ennen Suomen suuriruhtinaskuntaa |url=https://www.hs.fi/paivanlehti/12122017/art-2000005486180.html |access-date=October 17, 2021 |website=[[Helsingin Sanomat]] |language=fi}}</ref> Lappeenranta ta kafa yankunan da ke makwabtaka da Lappee da Lauritsala a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 1967, Nuijamaa a ranar 1 ta Janairun 1989, Joutseno a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2009, da Ylämaa a ranar 1 ga watan Janairun shekarar 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2012 |title=Etelä-Karjalasta yksi kunta |url=https://yle.fi/a/3-5063042 |access-date=20 June 2023 |publisher=YLE}}</ref> == Yanayin ƙasa == Da yake a gefen kudancin Tafkin Saimaa, yankunan da ke kusa da Lappeenranta a gefen Finland sune Imatra, Lemi, Luumäki, Miehikkälä, Ruokolahti da Taipalsa, kuma a gefen Rasha, maƙwabta sun haɗa da Svetogorsk da Kamennogorsk. === Yanayi === Lappeenranta tana da Yanayin zafi na nahiyar na nau'in bazara mai zafi ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]]: ''Dfb''). Lokacin bazara ya fi tsayi, kodayake yana da wuya a yi zafi, kuma yawanci yana da dumi. Wasu daga cikin lokacin rani mafi zafi a kasar za a iya samun su a nan, saboda yadda yake: kudu amma a cikin ƙasa. Kasancewa a wani bangare na gabashin [[Finland]], hunturu sau da yawa yana da tsanani amma har yanzu yana da sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da yankunan da ke gabashin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lappeenranta, Finland Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=29590&cityname=Lappeenranta,+South+Karelia,+Finland&units= |access-date=2019-03-04 |website=Weatherbase }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lappeenranta Climate Lappeenranta Temperatures Lappeenranta Weather Averages |url=http://www.lappeenranta.climatemps.com/ |access-date=2019-03-04 |website=www.lappeenranta.climatemps.com}}</ref> Anchorage yana da wasu kamanceceniya ta hanyar kasancewa na tasirin ruwa na raƙuman ruwa masu zafi kuma a lokaci guda na gefen nahiyar. Amma Lappeenranta har yanzu tana iya karɓar raƙuman zafi da ke tsallaka Tsakiyar Turai a cikin yanayi mai dumi fiye da sanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Average Weather in Lappeenranta, Finland, Year Round - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/95785/Average-Weather-in-Lappeenranta-Finland-Year-Round |access-date=2019-03-04 |website=weatherspark.com}}</ref> ==== Canjin yanayi ==== Tsakanin 2000 da 2017 canjin zafin jiki ya fi girma fiye da dukan karni da ya gabata, tare da +1.2 ° C (mafi girman darajar fiye da [[Helsinki]] ko [[Oulu]]). Tun daga shekara ta 2000 yawan kwanakin zafi (> 24 ° C) ya zama 2 a kowace shekara, yayin da bayanan 1900 suka nuna kwanaki 2 kawai a kowace shekara goma. Daga farkon rabin karni na ashirin kwanakin da ke sama da 24 ° C sun canza daga da wuya zuwa lokaci-lokaci a rabi na biyu zuwa na yau da kullun a cikin karni na yanzu. Har ila yau, akwai raguwar 17.5 a cikin zafin jiki a ƙasa da -1 ° C don wannan lokacin kwatanci. 2015 ita ce shekara mafi zafi tun daga 1900, tana da ɗaya daga cikin ƙasa da kwanaki 50 tare da kwanakin sanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Europe 1° Warmer: Lappeenranta |url=https://www.onedegreewarmer.eu/city/Lappeenranta?language=en |access-date=2019-03-04 |website=www.onedegreewarmer.eu |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An gudanar da aiki don rage karuwar zafin jiki; birnin ya sake kasancewa cikin birane 45 mafi kyau a duniya a cikin WWF City Challenge 2016. Ɗaya daga cikin burin shine rage [[carbon dioxide]] da kashi 30% nan da shekarar 2020 da kuma fitar da hayaki nan da shekarar 2050.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LAPPENRANTA Green Reality |url=http://www.ely-keskus.fi/documents/10191/20203970/SARA_PIUTUNEN_Greenreality+25052016_lyhennelm%C3%A4.pdf/c2250915-3a36-467f-b966-04ce6b4f2bf4 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Dangane da ka'idojin yanayi na 1961-1990, yanayin Lappeenranta yanayi ne na yankin subarctic na nahiyar ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]]: ''Dfc'') kusa da iyaka da yanayin zafi na nahiyar. Idan aka kwatanta da shekarun da suka gabata, jimlar ruwan sama ya karu da kadan.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{{Weather box}} == Yawan jama'a == === Yawan jama'a === {{Historical populations|1815|235|1850|1331|1870|1121|1890|1703|1910|3000|1920|3329|1930|3995|1939|13333|1972|67088|1980|68814|1990|68662|2000|70587|2010|71982|2020|72662}} Birnin Lappeenranta yana da mazauna 72,909, yana mai da shi karamar hukuma ta 13 mafi yawan jama'a a Finland. Yankin Lappeenranta yana da yawan mutane 87,863.    Lappeenranta wata karamar hukuma ce mai magana da harshen Finnish. Yazo a shekara ta 2024, yawancin jama'a, mutane 64,996 (), suna magana da Finnish a matsayin yarensu na farko. Bugu da kari, yawan Masu magana da yaren Sweden sun kasance mutane 120 () na yawan jama'a. na yawan jama'a ne ke magana da harsunan kasashen waje. Kamar yadda Ingilishi da Yaren mutanen Sweden sune batutuwan makaranta na tilas, aiki na harsuna biyu ko harsuna uku da aka samu ta hanyar nazarin harshe ba sabon abu ba ne.    Akalla ana magana da harsuna daban-daban 50 a Lappeenranta. Harsunan kasashen waje da aka fi magana da su sune [[Rashanci|Rasha]] (4.6%), [[Turanci]] (0.5%), [[Sinanci]] (0.5%) da [[Farisawa|Farisa]] (0.4%). === Shige da fice === {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" | colspan="3" |'''Yawan jama'a ta ƙasar haihuwar (2024) ''' |- !Ƙasar !Yawan jama'a !% |- |{{Flag|Finland}} |66,437 |91.4 |- |{{Flag|Soviet Union}} |2,428 |3.3 |- |{{Flag|Russia}} |761 |1.0 |- |{{Flag|China}} |419 |0.6 |- |{{Flag|Iran}} |292 |0.4 |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} |268 |0.4 |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} |267 |0.4 |- |{{Flag|India}} |256 |0.3 |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} |216 |0.3 |- |{{Flag|Turkey}} |202 |0.3 |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} |194 |0.3 |- |Sauran |2,639 |3.6 |- |} Yazo a shekara ta 2024, akwai mutane 8,339 da ke da asalin kasashen waje da ke zaune a Lappeenranta, ko 11% na yawan jama'a. Adadin mazauna da aka haifa a kasashen waje ya kai 7,942, ko 11% na yawan jama'a. Adadin mutanen da ke da 'yancin kasashen waje da ke zaune a Lappeenranta ya kai 5,516. Yawancin 'yan kasashen waje da aka haifa sun fito ne daga tsohuwar [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Tarayyar Soviet]], [[Rasha]], [[Sin|China]] da [[Iran]]. Adadin dangi na baƙi a cikin yawan Lappeenranta daidai yake da matsakaicin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, sabbin mazaunan garin suna ƙaruwa daga asalin ƙasashen waje. Wannan zai kara yawan mazauna kasashen waje a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. === Addini === A cikin shekara ta 2023, Ikilisiyar Lutheran ta Bishara ita ce babbar ƙungiyar addini tare da kashi 66.8% na yawan mutanen Lappeenranta. Sauran kungiyoyin addinai sun kai kashi 2.6% na yawan jama'a. 30.5% na yawan jama'a ba su da alaƙa da addini. == Tattalin Arziki == * Birnin Lappeenranta <ref>{{Cite web |title=en - Lappeenrannan kaupunki |url=https://www.lappeenranta.fi/en |website=www.lappeenranta.fi}}</ref> * Fazer * Jami'ar Fasaha ta Lappeenranta * Arewacin Arewa * Gidan sarauta * Metso Outotec * Gundumar Kula da Lafiya da Lafiya ta Kudu Karelia <ref>{{Cite web |title=Etusivu |url=https://www.eksote.fi/sites/eng/Sivut/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184123/https://www.eksote.fi/sites/eng/Sivut/default.aspx |archive-date=2021-07-09 |access-date=2021-07-04 |website=www.eksote.fi}}</ref> * Sojojin * UPM-Kymmene * Ƙungiyar VR == Yawon shakatawa ==   [[Fayil:Harbour_autumn.jpg|thumb|Lokacin kaka a Lappeenranta]] [[Fayil:Kävelykatu_Oleksi.jpg|thumb|Hanyar masu tafiya a tsakiyar gari]] [[Fayil:Lappeenranta,_Finland_-_panoramio_(4).jpg|thumb|Babban zane-zane a Lappeenranta]] Lappeenranta an san shi da birni na rani, galibi saboda kusanci da Tafkin Saimaa, tafkin na 4 mafi girma a Turai. GoSaimaa mai suna (www.gosaimaa.com) yana ba da duk ayyukan yawon bude ido a yankin. Bugu da kari, wurin da yake a cikin gida yana nufin cewa lokacin rani yana da zafi kuma hunturu ya fi sanyi fiye da yankunan bakin teku. Lappeenranta tana da masana'antar yawon shakatawa ta hunturu lafiya.  Daban-daban dakunan da ke kusa da tafkin Saimaa, da kuma motocin dusar ƙanƙara da yawa, wasan tseren kankara na Nordic, masu iyo a cikin kogin, tafiye-tafiyen barewa, motsa jiki, tseren kankara da waƙoƙin sleding suna zana adadi mai kyau na baƙi na hunturu.  Kusancin iyakar Rasha yana ƙara bayyana a cikin adadin masu yawon bude ido na Rasha da ke ziyartar birnin.  A zahiri, Lapeenranta ya fi kusa da Saint Petersburg (kilomita 195 ko mil 121) fiye da Helsinki, babban birnin Finland (kilomita 220 ko mil 140).  Kasancewar masu yawon bude ido na Rasha ana lura da yawancin motocin Rasha masu rijista akan tituna da kuma amfani da haruffan Cyrillic a cikin alamun wasu shaguna. * Tsohon sansanin soja, tare da gidajen tarihi da yawa, gidajen cin abinci da cocin Orthodox mafi tsufa a Finland. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Orthodox Church |url=http://visitlappeenranta.fi/en/Experience/Sights-and-history/Churches/The-Orthodox-Church |access-date=2025-08-04 |website=visitlappeenranta.fi |language=en}}</ref> * Cocin St. Mary na Lappee, cocin katako na ƙarni na 18 a tsakiyar birnin. * Yankin tashar jiragen ruwa, tare da jiragen ruwa zuwa Vyborg da kusa da Saimaa Canal. * Babban kasuwar, inda za ku iya jin daɗin ƙwarewar gida, kamar nama da aka sani da "Atomi" (atom) ko "Vety" (hydrogen). * The Night of The Fortess, bikin al'adu na kwana biyu da aka gudanar a farkon watan Agusta. * Gala na Lappeenranta Ballet a ƙarshen watan Agusta. * Gasar waka ta Lappeenranta ta shekara-shekara. * An gina babban gidan yashi a Finland kusa da Port of Lappeenranta a kowane bazara. * Akwai gidajen wasan kwaikwayo masu zaman kansu guda uku a Lappeenranta: Kino-Aula, Nuijamies da Finnkino . * Manyan wasannin gida a wasan hockey na kankara (SaiPa), kwando (Namika Lappeenranta) da sauran wasanni. * Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta IIHF a Kasa da 18, a cikin 2014 * Unlimited Racing Event, a ranar 27 da 29 ga Yuni 2014 [[Fayil:Damebandy.jpg|thumb|Finland da Norway a lokacin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2004]] SaiPa kungiya ce ta hockey a kankara da ke wasa a matakin mafi girma a Finland, SM-liiga . SaiPa ta kasance ta huɗu a gasar hockey ta kankara ta kasa a kakar a shekara ta 2013 da shekarar 2014. A shekara ta 2014 IIHF Ice Hockey U18 World Championship - An buga gasar Kisapuisto Ice Hall, Lappeenranta & Imatra Ice Hall a lokacin 17-27 Afrilun shekarar 2014. Amurka ta lashe gasar, Jamhuriyar Czech ta kasance ta biyu kuma Kanada ta kasance ta uku. Lappeenranta an san ta da daɗewa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin biranen [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] na Finland; <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2007 |title=Koripallovaltikka istuu tukevasti Lappeenrannassa |url=https://www.is.fi/koripallo/art-2000000296819.html#:~:text=Lappeenranta%20on%20Suomen%20paras%20koripallokaupunki.%20Muuhun%20lopputulokseen,miesten%20ett%C3%A4%20naisten%20koripallocupin%20voitot%20matkasivat%20Etel%C3%A4%2DKarjalaan. |access-date=14 July 2025 |website=[[Ilta-Sanomat]] |language=fi}}</ref> Lappeenrannan NMKY ƙungiya ce ta kwando da ke wasa a matakin na uku mafi girma a cikin I-division B kuma sun lashe gasar zakarun biyu a shekara ta 2005 da shekarar 2006. NST tana buga wasan ƙwallon ƙasa a Salibandyliiga kuma Rajaritarit ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon kafa ce ta Amurka a cikin Vaahteraliiga . Lappeenrannan Veiterä, ko kawai Veiterä), yana taka leda a Bandyliiga kuma ya kasance Zakarun Finland sau biyar, ciki har da a cikin 2017. Sun kasance zakara ga mata da 'yan mata da aka haifa a 1995 da 1998.<sup class="mw-ref reference" rel="mw:WikiLink" s_bandy_world_championship="" title="2014 Women's Bandy World Championship">2014/<nowiki>http://worldbandy.com/news.asp?newsid=122&amp;amp;title=Kampparit%20new%20Finnish%20Champions%20in%20bandy&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;url-status&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;dead&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Kampparit</nowiki> new Finnish Champions in bandy<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archivedate<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;April 19, 2014<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwBGM\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt178\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"mwBGQ\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140419190030/http://worldbandy.com/news.asp?newsid=122&amp;amp;title=Kampparit%20new%20Finnish%20Champions%20in%20bandy\" id=\"mwBGU\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Kampparit new Finnish Champions in bandy\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}' id="cite_ref-35" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Lappeenranta#cite_note-35 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Birnin ya dauki bakuncin gasar zakarun duniya ta mata ta farko a shekara ta 2004 kuma a shekarar 2014 an sake buga gasar a Lappeenranta. Ana shirya gasar cin kofin duniya ta Old Boys a kowace shekara a garin, a shekarar 2017 a karo na bakwai. A cikin wasannin mata Catz Lappeenranta tana buga wasan kwando kuma Pesä Ysit tana buga wasan baseball na Finland, duka biyu a cikin manyan wasannin kasar. Catz ya lashe gasar kwallon kwando ta Finland sau hudu a jere. == Sufuri == [[Fayil:Flughafen_Lappeenranta.JPG|thumb|Filin jirgin saman Lappeenranta]] [[Fayil:Jouko_sub-urban_buses.jpg|thumb|Buses na Jouko a tsakiyar garin Lappeenranta, titin Koulukatu, 29th na Satumba 2020]] Lappeenranta tana da alaƙa da biranen da ke makwabtaka da ita ta hanyar hanya. Birnin yana da nisan kilomita 215 (134 daga Helsinki da nisan kilometres 195 (121 daga [[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]. Daga Lappeenranta, nisan zuwa Joensuu, babban birnin Arewacin Karelia, yana da kilomita 233 (145 tare da Hanyar 6. Akwai tashin jirgin kasa da yawa na yau da kullun zuwa wuraren zuwa cikin Finland daga tashoshin Lapeenranta da Joutseno da zuwa Rasha daga tashar Vainikkala.  Sabis ɗin jirgin ƙasa na Allegro da ke aiki tsakanin Helsinki da St. Petersburg yana tsayawa a Vainikkala, ƙauyen Lappeenranta.  Lokacin tafiya zuwa Helsinki yana da kimanin sa'o'i 2 da St. Petersburg kimanin sa'o'i 1.5. A lokacin rani, lokacin da Tafkin Saimaa da Saimaa Canal ke samuwa ta ruwa, akwai haɗin visa-free ta jirgin ruwa daga Lappeenranta zuwa Vyborg, Rasha. Filin jirgin saman Lappeenranta mallakar yankin yana yammacin tsakiyar gari.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lappeenranta Airport acquired by new company / News archive |url=https://www.finavia.fi/en/news-room/news/2015/lappeenranta-airport-acquired-by-new-company/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021114740/https://www.finavia.fi/en/news-room/news/2015/lappeenranta-airport-acquired-by-new-company/ |archive-date=2017-10-21 |access-date=2017-02-12 |website=Finavia}}</ref> Filin jirgin saman yafi ba da sabis na jirage zuwa kudancin Turai, [[Tsibirin Kanariyas|Tsibirin Canary]] da Madeira, da kuma jirage masu yawa a kan kamfanin jirgin saman Irish [[Ryanair]] zuwa [[Italiya]]. Jirgin bas na jama'a ana kiransa Jouko.] Motocin Jouko-bas ɗin launin ruwan hoda ne kuma suna yin layin 17 na cikin birni (1, 1X, 2, 2H, 3, 3K, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 20, 15)  110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 120, 121, 130, 131, 200, 201, 300, 301, 500, 601, 602, 603, 610, 620).  Jouko yana da katin tafiya na Waltti, wanda zaka iya cajin tikitin yanayi na kwanaki 30 (yankin tafiya AD) ko tikitin darajar, wanda ke aiki kuma a wasu biranen Finnish waɗanda ke da tsarin tikitin Waltti.  Sauran hanyoyin siyan tikiti a Jouko-buses su ne tikiti ɗaya (biyan kuɗi tare da tsabar kuɗi ko katin kiredit), tikitin wayar hannu (PayIQ, da sauransu) da tikitin awa 24.  Jouko kuma yana da nasa jagorar hanya (<nowiki>https://lappeenranta.digitransit.fi/</nowiki>), inda zaku iya tsara hanya, duba jaddawalin lokaci kuma ku ga duk Jouko-buses a cikin taswira.  Hakanan zaka iya duba jinkiri, keɓantawa, da sauran sakewa.  Savonlinja da V-S Bussipalvelut ne ke tafiyar da sufurin yankin Jouko.  Layukan yanki ana sarrafa su ta Kymen Charterline, V-S Bussipalvelut, Vento da Mikkonen.  Motocin bas na cikin birni sun ƙunshi ƙananan bas na birni, kuma samfuran bas sune Scania Citywide II Electric, Volvo 8900LE da Scania Citywide LE Suburban (biyu daga cikinsu CNG-buses ne), Scania Citywide LE, Scania Lahti Scala da Volvo 8700LE. === Hanyoyin birni na Jouko === * 1 Jami'ar - Sammonlahti - Cibiyar Birni - Lauritsala - Kiiskinmäki * Jami'ar 1X - Sammonlahti - Cibiyar Birni * 2 Kivisalmi - Cibiyar Birni - Lauritsala - Hovinpelto (a ranakun Lahadi ta hanyar asibiti ta tsakiya) * 2H Hovinpelto - Lauritsala - tashar jirgin kasa - Leiri - Cibiyar Birni * 3 Leiri - Tashar jirgin kasa - Cibiyar Birni - Pikisaari - Kariniemi - Kivisalmi * 3K Kivisalmi - Cibiyar Birni - Leiri - Kesämäki * 3K Kesämäki - Tashar jirgin kasa - Cibiyar Birni - Kivisalmi * 4 Mäntylä - Cibiyar Birni - Karhuvuori * 4 Cibiyar Birni - Karhuvuori * 5 Jami'ar - Sammonlahti - Cibiyar Birni - Tashar Jirgin ƙasa * 7 Mustola - Lauritsala - Cibiyar Birni * 8 Kariniemi - Pikisaari - Cibiyar Birni - Sammonlahti - Ruoholampi - Rutola * 12 Jami'ar - Sammonlahti - Cibiyar Birni * 12 Kivisalmi - Cibiyar Birni * 12 Jami'ar - Sammonlahti - Cibiyar Birni - Karhuvuori - Lauritsala - Hovinpelto - Mustola - Kiiskinmäki * 12 Kiiskinmäki - Kanavansuu - Lauritsala - Cibiyar Birni - Kivisalmi * 14 Mäntylä - Cibiyar Birni - Karhuvuori - Lauritsala - Mustola * 21 Vuoksenniska - Sotkulampi - Imatrankoski - Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Tashar Tsakiya) -Mustalampi - Vuoksennisk * 22 Vuoksenniska - Mustalampi - Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Tashar Tsakiya) - Imatrankoski - Sotkulampi - Vuoksennisk * 23 Jakola - Imatrankoski - Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Tashar Tsakiya) - Sienimäki - Vuoksenniska - Rautio - Huhtanen * 24 Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Tashar Tsakiya) - Imatrankoski - Meltola - Salo-Issakka - Perä-Meltola - Meltola / Imatran Koski - Mansikkala * 25 Imatran Kylpylä (Imatra Spa) - Mansikkala (Keskusasema / Tashar Tsakiya) - Saareksiinmäki - Meltola - Imatrankoski == Ilimi == Lappeenranta an san ta da jami'a ta kasa da kasa a Finland tare da Jami'ar LUT da Jami'an Kimiyya ta LAB waɗanda tare suna da kimanin dalibai 13,000 daga ƙasashe 68. Lappeenranta kuma cibiyar kasuwanci ce ta Kudu maso Gabashin Finland da kuma wurin taro na EU da Rasha, kilomita 215 (134 daga [[Helsinki]] da [[Saint-Petersburg|St. Petersburg]]. Lappeenranta tana da makarantu da yawa a kusan dukkanin matakan ilimi, gami da Jami'ar LUT, Jami'ar LAB ta Kimiyya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 15, 2013 |title=Saimaa University of Applied Sciences |url=http://www.saimia.fi/en-FI/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115000308/http://www.saimia.fi/en-FI/ |archive-date=2013-01-15}}</ref> wanda ke cikin harabar Skinnarila da ke da ɗalibai kusan 8,000, Kwalejin Sojoji (reshe na Sojojin Tsaro na Finland), Kwalejin Kudancin Karelia da Cibiyar Ilimi ta Kudancin. == Shahararrun mutane == * Anna-Kaarina Aalto, likita kuma 'yar siyasa * Antti Aalto (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975), tsohon dan wasan hockey * Koop Arponen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1984), mawaƙi kuma wanda ya lashe ''jerin na huɗu'' na Idols a shekara ta 2008 * Ivan Fedotov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1996), ɗan ƙasar Finland ne mai ƙwallon ƙafa na kankara * Kaarlo Halttunen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1909), tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo * Laila Hirvisaari (tsohon Laila Hietamies), marubuciya. Ta rubuta jerin litattafai game da Lappeenranta da mutanenta. * Horna, ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta Finnish * Kari Jormakka, masanin falsafa, masanin gine-gine da kuma masanin gine'gine * Kotiteollisuus, ƙungiyar dutse mai ƙarfi * Matti Lehtinen (1922-2022), wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayobaritone * Kiba Lumberg (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), marubuci kuma marubucin Finnish * Pave Maijanen (1950-2021), mawaƙi * Miikka Multaharju (an haife ta a shekara ta 1977), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Jukka Paarma (an haife shi a shekara ta 1942), tsohon Babban Bishop na Turku da Finland * Tiia Piili (an haife ta a shekara ta 1979), mai wasan motsa jiki * Saku Puhakainen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1975), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa * Jaska Raatikainen (an haife ta a shekara ta 1979), mai bugawa na ƙungiyar Children of BodomYaran Bodom * Jaana Savolainen (an haife ta a shekara ta 1964), mai tseren kankara * Sargeist, ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta Finnish * Shaidan Warmaster, ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta Finland * Petri Skriko (an haife shi a shekara ta 1962), dan wasan hockey na kankara da ya yi ritaya a NHL a Amurka * Juha Tiainen, tsohon mai lashe lambar zinare ta Olympics a jefa guduma * Mokoma, ƙungiyar ƙarfe ta thrash * Battlelore, ƙungiyar ƙarfe na symphonic * Hanna Pakarinen (an haife ta a shekara ta 1981), wanda ya lashe Idols na farko a Finland ya fito ne daga Lappeenranta . * Christian Ruuttu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1964), tsohon dan wasan hockey a NHL * Vesa Vierikko (an haife shi a shekara ta 1956), ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Finland * Vesa Viitakoski (an haife ta a shekara ta 1971), tsohon dan wasan hockey a SM-liiga [[Rukuni:Biranen Finlan]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] knr3p7687o0fun5j6p84bozfraahq11 0 111997 828098 815348 2026-04-30T18:40:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Ghana]] Music Awards, wanda aka fi sani da shi tun daga shekara ta 2024 da Sunan da aka tallafawa Telecel Ghana Music Awards ('''TGMAs'''), <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 March 2024 |title=Live Updates: 2024 Telecel Ghana Music Awards Nominees Unveiling {{!}} Ghana Music |url=https://ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2024/03/28/live-updates-2024-telecel-ghana-music-awards-nominees-unveiling/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |language=en-GB |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331060823/https://ghanamusic.com/news/top-stories/2024/03/28/live-updates-2024-telecel-ghana-music-awards-nominees-unveiling/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2024 |title=25th Ghana Music Awards: See full list of nominees |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/telecel-ghana-music-awards25-see-full-list-of-nominees.html |website=Graphic Online}}</ref> tsohon Vodafone Ghana Music Awards ['''VGMAs'''], <ref>{{Cite web |last=GNA |date=29 March 2024 |title=Stonebwoy tops nominations for 25th Telecel Ghana Music Awards |url=https://gna.org.gh/2024/03/stonebwoy-tops-nominations-for-25th-telecel-ghana-music-awards/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Ghana News Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> wani taron bayar da kyaututtuka ne na shekara-shekara a Ghana wanda aka kafa a 1999 ta hanyar shirya taron gida da kuma kamfanin tsarawa da aka sani da Charter House don yin bikin gudummawar mawaƙa na Ghana ga ci gaba da fadada masana'antar da ke da ke da alaƙa da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Postings |first=Lawrence |date=22 March 2023 |title=Nominees for 2023 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |url=https://www.lawrence-postings.com/2023/03/22/nominees-for-2023-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/ |access-date=23 March 2023 |website=Lawrence Postings |language=en-GB |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922111524/https://www.lawrence-postings.com/2023/03/22/nominees-for-2023-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="5thani">{{Cite web |date=28 January 2004 |title=Ghana Music Awards Chalks 5 Years |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghana-Music-Awards-Chalks-5-Years-50745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617042827/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghana-Music-Awards-Chalks-5-Years-50745 |archive-date=17 June 2018 |access-date=14 July 2015 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref>  Yawancin lokaci ana gudanar da shi tsakanin Afrilu da Yuni, ana watsa taron a cikin gida a kan GHOne TV, GTV da / ko TV3 da kuma waje da Ghana a kan Akwaaba Magic a dandalin Talabijin na tauraron dan adam DStv da dandalin talabin talabijin GOtv . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Reymond Awusei |date=16 April 2023 |title=5 top events Ghanaians uphold |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/5-top-events-ghanaians-uphold/xyh43x4 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Kafin kaddamar da tashar Akwaaba Magic a cikin 2021, an watsa taron a waje da Ghana a tashoshin 155 da 198 a kan DStv da kuma tashar 110 a kan GOtv.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2023 |title=List Of All VGMA Artiste Of The Year Winners From 1999 To 2023; Plus Who Has Won The Most Awards? |url=https://thedistin.com/2023/05/06/list-of-all-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-winners-from-1999-to-2023-plus-who-has-won-the-most-awards/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Thedistin |language=en |archive-date=12 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412155856/https://thedistin.com/2023/05/06/list-of-all-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-winners-from-1999-to-2023-plus-who-has-won-the-most-awards/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kyautar == An ba da kyautar Ghana Music Awards a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban a tsawon shekaru; tare da na yanzu da aka bayyana kafin fitowar 2019 na taron. Ya ƙunshi takardar Gold Star tare da rami mai zagaye da igiyoyi a fuska daban-daban, yana kwaikwayon guitar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2020 |title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards- VGMAS Officially Opens Nominations For The 21st Edition |url=https://www.ghgossip.com/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-vgmas-officially-opens-nominations-for-the-21st-edition/ |access-date=12 February 2020 |website=GH Gossip |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016001143/https://www.ghgossip.com/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-vgmas-officially-opens-nominations-for-the-21st-edition/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Mai zane-zane na Shekara === I'mKyautar Artist of the Year ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi girma daga cikin kyaututtuka da aka bayar a taron da aka ba wa mai zane (s) wanda CharterHouse, GMA Board da jama'a suka yanke hukunci kamar yadda suke da mafi girman roƙon masu sauraro, Wasan rediyo, yawo a kan layi da kuma shahara. Mai zane (s) dole ne ya sami fitowar guda / kundi a cikin shekara a ƙarƙashin bita don ya cancanci.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Award Categories |url=https://ghanamusicawards.com/award-categories/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=VGMA 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331075002/https://ghanamusicawards.com/award-categories/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wadanda suka lashe kyautar Artist of the Year a baya da na yanzu: * 1999: Akyeame (Okyeame Quophi da Okyeame Kwame) * 2000: [[Daddy Lumba]] * 2001: [[Kojo Antwi]] * 2002: Ubangiji Kenya * 2003: Kontihene * 2004: [[VVIP (hip hop group)|V.I.P.]] * 2005: Bice Osei Kuffour * 2006: Ofori Amponsah * 2007: Samini * 2008: Kwaw Kese * 2009: Okyeame Kwame * 2010: [[Sarkodie|Sarkoda]] * 2011: [[VVIP (hip hop group)|V.I.P.]] * 2012: [[Sarkodie|Sarkoda]] * 2013: R2Bees * 2014: Shatta Wale <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2014 |title=Shatta Wale wins Artist of the Year at 2014 VGMAs |url=http://ameyawdebrah.com/photos-videos-stonebwoy-rules-2015-ghana-music-awards-sarkodie-edem-daddy-lumba-pappykojo-and-more-win-big/ |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[Ameyaw Debrah]] |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701134344/http://ameyawdebrah.com/photos-videos-stonebwoy-rules-2015-ghana-music-awards-sarkodie-edem-daddy-lumba-pappykojo-and-more-win-big/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2015: Stonebwoy <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2015 |title=Photos & Videos : Stonebwoy rules 2015 Ghana Music Awards, Sarkodie, Edem, Daddy Lumba, Pappykojo, and more win big! |url=http://ameyawdebrah.com/photos-videos-stonebwoy-rules-2015-ghana-music-awards-sarkodie-edem-daddy-lumba-pappykojo-and-more-win-big/ |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[Ameyaw Debrah]] |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701134344/http://ameyawdebrah.com/photos-videos-stonebwoy-rules-2015-ghana-music-awards-sarkodie-edem-daddy-lumba-pappykojo-and-more-win-big/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2016: E.L. * 2017: Joe Mettle * 2018: Ebony Reigns <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2018 |title=VGMA 2018: Ebony Reigns Crowned Artist Of The Year |url=http://peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201804/349576.php |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=[[Peace FM (Ghana)|Peace FM]] |archive-date=15 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415190455/http://peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201804/349576.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2019: ''Ba a sanar da shi ba''{{Efn|As a result of an ignition of a questionable [[Punch (combat)|brawl]] between the entourages of [[Stonebwoy]] and [[Shatta Wale]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2019 |title=VGMA@20: Organisers fail to announce 'Artist of the Year' due to Shatta, Stonebwoy fight |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/May-19th/vgma20-oragnisers-fail-to-announce-artiste-of-the-year-due-to-shatta-stonebwoy-fight.php |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=MyJoyOnline.com}}</ref>}} * [[2020 Ghana Music Awards|2020]]: Kuami Eugene <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2020 |title=Kuami Eugene wins VGMA Artist of the Year 2020 |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/ |access-date=31 August 2020 |website=MyJoyOnline. |language=en-US |archive-date=18 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718185442/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/kuami-eugene-wins-vgma-artiste-of-the-year-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2021: [[Diana Hamilton (makaɗiya)|Diana Hamilton]] * [[2022 Ghana Music Awards|2022]]: KiDi * 2023: [[Black Sherif]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Otu-Aboagye |first=David |date=7 May 2023 |title=VGMA 2023: Blacko wins Artiste of The Year Award And Gets Fans Overly Excited |url=https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/232961-vodafone-ghana-music-award-vgma-artiste-iof-year-2023/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Yen.com.gh – Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> * 2024: Stonebwoy * 2025: Alkawarin Sarki <ref>{{Cite web |last=Music |first=Ghana |date=2025-05-10 |title=26th Telecel Ghana Music Awards (TGMA): Check out the full list of winners {{!}} Ghana Music |url=https://ghanamusic.com/news/2025/05/10/26th-tgma-check-out-the-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amoah |first=Geraldine |date=2025-05-11 |title=TGMA 2025: Full List of Winners As King Promise Wins Artist of the Year - YEN.COM.GH |url=https://yen.com.gh/entertainment/music/283165-26th-tgma-full-list-winners-king-promise-wins-artist-year/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |website=yen.com.gh |language=en}}</ref> == Wuraren da aka yi == An gudanar da bikin kaddamar da bikin a shekarar 1999 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasar Ghana da ke birnin Accra har zuwa shekarar 2004 lokacin da aka koma Accra International Conference Centre (AICC), kuma ana gudanar da shi tun a can. Ban da bugu na 2010, 2011 da 2012 na taron da aka gudanar a Dome na AICC, taron tun lokacin da aka matsa zuwa AICC an gudanar da shi a Babban Zaurensa har zuwa 2018. Tun daga 2019, an gudanar da taron a Grand Arena (a lokacin / a baya New Dome) har yanzu a AICC. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | colspan="7" align="center" bgcolor="#EEDD82" |<span style="color:black;">'''Ghana Music Awards Dates and Locations'''</span> |- !# !Year !Date !Venue !Host(s) !Reference(s) |- |1 |1999 | | rowspan="9" |National Theatre of Ghana | rowspan="8" |Kwami Sefa Kayi | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Meet all the winners of Ghana Music Awards since it started in 1999 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Meet-all-the-winners-of-Ghana-Music-Awards-since-it-started-in-1999-734684 |access-date=1 May 2019 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Erin |date=16 May 2013 |title=Who Will Host Ghana Music Awards 2013? |url=http://www.twimovies.news/news/17899-who-will-host-ghana-music-awards-2013.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618163443/http://www.twimovies.news/news/17899-who-will-host-ghana-music-awards-2013.html |archive-date=18 June 2016 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=TwiMovies}}</ref> |- |2 |2001 | |- |3 |2002 | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 January 2002 |title=National Music Awards 2002 Launched |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/artikel.php?ID=21299 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |4 |2003 |8 March |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2003 |title=Ghana Music Awards To Be Held Today |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghana-Music-Awards-To-Be-Held-Today-33763 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |5 |2004 |13 March |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2004 |title=Ghana Music Awards 2004 |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Ghana-Music-Awards-To-Be-Held-Today-33763 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |6 |2005 |1 May |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seven Awarded At Ghana Music Awards 2005 Gala Nite |url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/2341/3/seven-awarded-at-ghana-music-awards-2005-gala-nite.html |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |7 |2006 |4 March |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2006 |title=Ghana Music Awards 2006 Makes History |url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/audio/Ghana-Music-Awards-2006-Makes-History-192335 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[GhanaWeb]]}}</ref> |- |8 |2007 |6 May |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007 Ghana Music Awards-Batman Samini tops them all |url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/4458/3/2007-ghana-music-awards-batman-samini-tops-them-al.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323105940/https://www.modernghana.com/music/4458/3/2007-ghana-music-awards-batman-samini-tops-them-al.html |archive-date=23 March 2010 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |9 |2008 |25 April |Samini and Doreen Andoh |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scaro |first=VJ |date=15 May 2013 |title=A Journey with Ghana Music Awards hosts – Who hosts the 2013 VGMA? |url=http://ameyawdebrah.com/a-journey-with-ghana-music-awards-hosts-who-hosts-the-2013-vgma/ |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[Ameyaw Debrah]]}}</ref> |- |10 |2009 |4 April | rowspan="3" |Main Hall of the Accra International Conference Center (AICC) |Bice Osei Kuffour, Samini and [[Dentaa]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2009 |title=Okyeame Kwame Wins Artist Of The Year |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000002949 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[GhanaWeb]] |archive-date=16 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016001142/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/blog.article.php?blog=1603&ID=1000002949 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2009 |title=The 2009 Ghana Music Awards nominees revealed |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/8826/the-2009-ghana-music-awards-nominees-revealed.html |access-date=30 January 2012 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |11 |2010 |10 April |Kwasi Kyei Darwkah (KKD) |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mensah |first=Nii Atakora |date=3 February 2010 |title=2010 Ghana Music Awards date set |url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/11131/3/2010-ghana-music-awards-date-set.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212125837/https://www.modernghana.com/music/11131/3/2010-ghana-music-awards-date-set.html |archive-date=12 February 2019 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |12 |2011 |25 February |[[Chris Attoh]] and Doreen Andoh |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Default Ghana Music Awards Festival 2011 Nominations To Be Released On February 25 |url=http://www.ghanaforum.com/showthread.php/3253-Ghana-Music-Awards-Festival-2011-Nominations-To-Be-Released-On-February-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226235852/http://www.ghanaforum.com/showthread.php/3253-Ghana-Music-Awards-Festival-2011-Nominations-To-Be-Released-On-February-25 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=Ghana Forum}}</ref> |- |13 |2012 |13 April | rowspan="7" |The Dome of the AICC |[[Chris Attoh]] and [[Funny Face (actor)|Benson Ohene Boateng]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 June 2012 |title=2012 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards presented with prizes |url=http://www.modernghana.com/music/18307/3/2012-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-presented-with-pr.html |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |14 |2013 |18 May | rowspan="2" |[[Eazzy|Mildred Ashong (Eazzy)]] and Kofi Okyere Darko (KOD) |<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2013 |title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2013 And Its Full List Winners |url=https://www.modernghana.com/music/21415/3/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2013-and-its-full-list.html |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |15 |2014 |26 April |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Donkoh |first=Ebenezerv |date=23 April 2014 |title=2014 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards Industry Awards on April 26 |url=http://nydjlive.com/44653/2014-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-industry-awards-on-april-26/ |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=NYDJLive}}</ref> |- |16 |2015 |11 April |Nathaniel Attoh and [[Joselyn Dumas]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2015 |title=VGMA 2015: Full List of Winners |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201504/238470.php |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[Peace FM (Ghana)|Peace FM]] |archive-date=27 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927214713/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201504/238470.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2015 |title=Full list of winners at 2015 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/30069/full-list-of-winners-at-2015-vodafone-ghana-music.html |access-date=12 September 2015 |website=[[ModernGhana]]}}</ref> |- |17 |2016 |7 May |[[Chris Attoh]], [[Naa Ashorkor]] and DJ Black |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2016 |title=Chris, Naa and DJ Black to host VGMA 2016 |url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/05/chris-naa-and-dj-black-to-host-vgma-2016/ |access-date=1 June 2016 |website=[[Citi FM (Ghana)|Citi FM]] |archive-date=31 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531121020/http://citifmonline.com/2016/05/chris-naa-and-dj-black-to-host-vgma-2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mawuli |first=David |date=15 February 2016 |title=VGMA 2016 VGMA Board begins categorisation process |url=http://pulse.com.gh/music/vgma-2016-vgma-board-begins-categorisation-process-id4687394.html |access-date=26 February 2016 |website=Pulse Ghana |archive-date=17 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217233515/http://pulse.com.gh/music/vgma-2016-vgma-board-begins-categorisation-process-id4687394.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2016 |title=Checkout VGMAs 2016 Full List of Winners |url=https://ghkings.com/checkout-vgmas-2016-full-list-winners/ |access-date=8 June 2016 |website=GhKings}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2016 |title=Ghana Music Awards 2016 – EL wins Artist of the Year |url=https://ghkings.com/ghana-music-awards-2016-el-wins/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630204126/https://ghkings.com/ghana-music-awards-2016-el-wins/ |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |website=GhKings}}</ref> |- |18 |2017 |8 April |[[Anita Erskine]] |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2017 |title=VGMA2017: Full List Of Winners For 2017 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards |url=http://www.gheventplus.net/2017/04/09/vgma2017-full-list-winners-2017-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080150/http://www.gheventplus.net/2017/04/09/vgma2017-full-list-winners-2017-vodafone-ghana-music-awards/ |archive-date=13 February 2018 |access-date=11 March 2018 |website=GhEventPlus}}</ref> |- |19 |2018 |15 April |[[John Dumelo]] & [[Berla Mundi]] | |- |20 |2019 |18 May | rowspan="7" |The New Dome/Grand Arena of the AICC |Kwami Sefa Kayi & [[Berla Mundi]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammond |first=Michael |date=19 May 2019 |title=VGMA 2019: Berla Mundi praises Sefa Kayi for his 'secret words' to her |url=https://yen.com.gh/127857-vgma-2019-berla-mundi-shows-appreciation-kwame-sefa-kayi-encouragement.html |access-date=1 June 2019 |website=[[Yen.com.gh]] – Ghana news.}}</ref> |- |21 |2020 |28 & 29 August |Day 1 – Giovani Caleb & [[Sika Osei]] Day 2 – KOD & [[Berla Mundi]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamptey |first=Edwin |date=28 August 2020 |title=List of Emcees for the 2020 edition of VGMAs leaked; big names drop |url=https://yen.com.gh/168505-hosts-2020-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-revealed.html |access-date=10 September 2020 |website=[[Yen.com.gh]] – Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sagoe |first=Margaret |date=31 August 2020 |title=My VGMA Experience: The Good, The Bad And The Ugly |url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/08/31/my-vgma-experience-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/music |access-date=10 September 2020 |website=Kuulpeeps – Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students}}</ref> |- |22 |2021 |25 & 26 June |Day 1 – Giovani Caleb and [[AJ Akuoko-Sarpong]] Day 2 – [[Berla Mundi]], Giovani Caleb and [[Sika Osei]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dadzie |first=Kwame |date=7 June 2021 |title=Vodafone Ghana Music Awards 2021 scheduled for June 25–26 |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/06/vodafone-ghana-music-awards-2021-scheduled-for-june-25-26/ |access-date=1 July 2021 |website=[[Citi FM (Ghana)|Citi FM]]}}</ref> |- |23 |[[2022 Ghana Music Awards|2022]] |9 April |[[AJ Akuoko-Sarpong]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Britton |first=Anthony |date=26 March 2022 |title=VGMA23: Check Out Nominations Producer Of The Year |url=https://celebritiesbuzzgh.com/vgma23-check-out-nominations-producer-of-the-year/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326162006/https://celebritiesbuzzgh.com/vgma23-check-out-nominations-producer-of-the-year/ |archive-date=26 March 2022 |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=Celebrity Buzz Ghana}}</ref> |- |24 |2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 May 2023 |title=2023 VGMA Review: The wins, performances, red carpet slayers and the lows |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/2023-VGMA-Review-The-wins-performances-red-carpet-slayers-and-the-lows-1762991 |access-date=9 May 2023 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en}}</ref> |6 May |[[Berla Mundi]] | |- |25 |2024 |1 June |[[Chris Attoh]] and [[Naa Ashorkor]] |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghartey |first=Raphael |date=2024-06-01 |title=25th TGMA: Chris Attoh returns as host, co-host with TV3's Naa Ashorkor for the second time |url=https://3news.com/featured/25th-tgma-chris-attoh-returns-as-host-co-host-with-tv3s-naa-ashorkor-for-the-second-time/#:~:text=The%20actor%20will%20co-host,2011,%202012,%20and%202016. |access-date=2025-05-11 |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |26 |2025 |10 May |[[Naa Ashorkor]] (Main Host), AJ Sarpong (Co-Host), and Foster Romanus (Co-Host) |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osei |first=Chris |date=2025-05-09 |title=The Hosts Of 2025 TGMA Announced – Check Out the List - ZionFelix.net |url=https://www.zionfelix.net/the-hosts-of-2025-tgma-announced-check-out-the-list/ |access-date=2025-05-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Sakamakon COVID-19 == A cikin 2020, farkon taron, wadanda aka zaba jam, wanda aka shirya yi a ranar 4 ga Afrilu a Jackson Park a Koforidua, an dage shi da farko sannan kuma aka soke shi don bin umarnin kasa kan taron jama'a saboda [[Annobar cutar Covid-19 a Ghana|barkewar COVID-19 a Ghana]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=VGMA awards nominees jam postponed |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/showbiz-news/vgma-awards-nominees-jam-postponed.html |access-date=1 May 2020 |website=[[Graphic Online]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2020 |title=Coronavirus: 2020 VGMA Nominees Jam cancelled |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/music/coronavirus-2020-vgma-nominees-jam-cancelled/ |access-date=25 April 2020 |website=MyJoyOnline.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2020 |title=2020 Ghana Music Awards' Nominees Jam postponed #VGMA21 |url=https://ghanamusicawards.com/2020-ghana-music-awards-nominees-jam-postponed-vgma21/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=VGMA 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331074519/https://ghanamusicawards.com/2020-ghana-music-awards-nominees-jam-postponed-vgma21/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nassoshi == sxfelmriwfrnq1r8dpln4w4jh25odf8 0 112606 828316 815664 2026-05-01T09:28:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Driving_Age_---_Global.svg|alt=|thumb|'''Mafi ƙarancin shekaru don tuki ta ƙasa (2024):'''<br />         ]]   mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuƙi shine mafi ƙarancin shekarun da doka ta ba mutum izinin tuka abin hawa akan titunan jama'a, gami da yin gwajin tuƙi da samun lasisin tuƙi. Ƙananan dokokin shekarun tuki suna aiki a yawancin wurare, kodayake shekarun sun bambanta tsakanin hukunce-hukuncen. A mafi yawan hukunce-hukuncen, mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki na motoci shine 18. A yawancin lokuta, mutanen da ke ƙasa da ƙaramin shekarun tuƙi na iya yin tuƙi ƙarƙashin kulawa daga ƙwararren direba ko malamin tuki. Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki shine a South Dakota a Amurka, inda mutum mai shekaru goma sha huɗu zai iya tuƙi a ƙarƙashin kulawar manya kuma mai shekaru sha huɗu da rabi zai iya samun lasisin tuki da tuƙi ba tare da kulawa ba, duk da cewa yana da ƙuntatawa. A wasu sassan Amurka, ana iya baiwa mutanen da ke da shekaru goma sha huɗu izinin tuƙi inda ba za a iya ba da irin wannan izini ba saboda wahala da ake jira. Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki na iya bambanta da nau'in abin hawa, tare da yawancin hukunce-hukunce da ke aiki da ƙananan shekaru don babura fiye da motoci, misali. == Afirka == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |State ! width="190" |Minimum driving age ! width="320" |Notes |- |{{Flag|Algeria}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Algeria Driving Licence or Driver Permit |url=https://edriv.ing/algeria-driving-licence/ |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=eDriving |archive-date=July 1, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701105008/https://edriv.ing/algeria-driving-licence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cameroon}} | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Cameroon – Drive Safe in Cameroon |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Cameroon.aspx#:~:text=The%20minimum%20age%20to%20drive,permitted%20when%20driving%20in%20Cameroon. |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Egypt}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 (cars)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Egypt – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/egypt.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030753/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/egypt.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |website=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref><br /><br />16 (motorcycles)<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Driver's Permit for Egypt: Fast, Easy, Recognized Globally |url=https://internationaldrivingagency.com/egypt-permit/ |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=international driving agency}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Eswatini}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-18 |title=Eswatini Driving Licence or Driver Permit - eDriving |url=https://edriv.ing/eswatini-driving-licence/ |access-date=2024-09-26 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Ethiopia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Ethiopia |url=http://www.adcidl.com/Driving-in-Ethiopia.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017205759/http://www.adcidl.com/Driving-in-Ethiopia.html |archive-date=2018-10-17 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Adcidl.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Ghana}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Ghana – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/ghana.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030719/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/ghana.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Kenya}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 (cars)<br /><br />16 (motorcycles)<ref>{{Cite web |title=KRA – Driving Licenses |url=http://www.kra.go.ke/roadtransport/roadsdrivinglicenses.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701104334/http://www.kra.go.ke/roadtransport/roadsdrivinglicenses.html |archive-date=2018-07-01 |access-date=2016-08-02 |website=www.kra.go.ke}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Lesotho}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|Libya}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Get an international license to drive in Libya |url=https://internationaldriversassociation.com/international-drivers-license-libya/ |access-date=2020-02-01 |website=International Drivers License – InternationalDriversAssociation}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Mali}} | style="text-align: center;" |21<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Mali – Drive Safe in Mali – Rhinocarhire.com |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Mali.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Mauritania}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посібник з водіння Мавританії |url=https://internationaldriversassociation.com/uk/mauritania-driving-guide/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Посібник з водіння Мавританії |language=uk}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Mauritius}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 (cars)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Application for Driving Licence |url=https://police.govmu.org/police/?page_id=5578 |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=Mauritius Police Force}}</ref><br /><br />17 (motorcycles)<br /><br />15 (autocycles) | |- |''{{Flag|Mayotte}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mayotte travel advice |url=https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/mayotte |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=Government of Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=International Driving Permit in Mayotte Island |url=https://idaoffice.org/countries/mayotte-island/ |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=International Driving Authority}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Morocco}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 (cars)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Morocco |url=https://www.driving-in.com/morocco/ |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=International Driver's Guide}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Morocco: The Official Rules of the Road And Things You Need to Know |url=https://www.visit-morocco.net/post-official-rules-of-road |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=Visit-morocco.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Morocco Driving Licence or Driver Permit |url=https://edriv.ing/morocco-driving-licence/ |access-date=April 8, 2025 |website=eDriving |archive-date=April 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409135933/https://edriv.ing/morocco-driving-licence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /><br />21 (trucks){{Ana bukatan hujja|date=April 2025}}<br /><br />16 (motorcycles) | |- |{{Flag|Mozambique}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Mozambique – Drive Safe in Mozambique |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Mozambique.aspx#:~:text=You%20have%20to%20be%20at,on%20your%20age%20and%20experience. |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Namibia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Namibia – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/namibia.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030820/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/namibia.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Niger}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 (light motor vehicles)<br /><br />18 (commercial passenger vehicles)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Niger Driving Licence or Driver Permit |url=https://edriv.ing/niger-driving-licence/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606015245/https://edriv.ing/niger-driving-licence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Nigeria}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2022-08-13 |title=Driver's License In Nigeria: Requirements And Cost This 2022 |url=https://carmart.africa/motoring/drivers-license-in-nigeria/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Carmart auto blog}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Réunion}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minimum Driving Age by Country – Rhinocarhire.com |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Minimum-Driving-Age-Country.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> |One may obtain a learner's license and be legally allowed to drive with supervision at age 15. A full driving license will be fully granted by age 18. |- |{{Flag|Rwanda}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving in Rwanda |url=https://internationaldriversassociation.com/rwanda-driving-guide/# |access-date=2023-05-09 |publisher=Internationaldriversassociation.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Senegal}} | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посібник з водіння в Сенегалі |url=https://internationaldriversassociation.com/uk/senegal-driving-guide/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Посібник з водіння в Сенегалі |language=uk}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|South Africa}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br /> 17 (provisional licence)<br /><br />16 (motorcycles up to 125 cc)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apply for a learner’s licence |url=https://www.gov.za/services/driving-licence/apply-learners-licence |access-date=April 9, 2025 |website=South African Government}}</ref> |A Code 1 licence is obtainable at age 16, and allows for the use of motorcycles with engines that do not exceed 125 cc. The National Road Traffic act specifies that a driver needs to be 17 to legally obtain a provisional licence for all motor vehicles under 3500&nbsp;kg. To obtain any other class of driving licence, one must be 18 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Road Traffic Act, 1996 [No. 93 of 1996&#93; - G 17603 |url=http://www.saflii.org/za/legis/num_act/nrta1996189/ |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Saflii.org}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Tanzania}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minimum Driving Ages around the World |url=http://www.2pass.co.uk/ages3.htm |access-date=2016-08-14 |website=www.2pass.co.uk}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Tunisia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Travel to Tunis |url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/tunis/travel-to |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Worldtravelguide.net}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Uganda}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=What are the Road Rules in Uganda? Self Drive Uganda Guide |url=https://www.yourdriveuganda.com/road-rules-in-uganda.html |access-date=2023-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2023 |title=Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://udls.co.ug/frequently-asked-questions |access-date=2023-09-06 |website=Uganda Driver Licensing System}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Zambia}} | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Investment Climate &#124; SME Toolkit Zambia |url=http://zamcom.smetoolkit.org/zambia/en/content/en/2643/Investment-Climate |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220205723/http://zamcom.smetoolkit.org/zambia/en/content/en/2643/Investment-Climate |archive-date=2015-02-20 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Zamcom.smetoolkit.org}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Zimbabwe}} | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Zimbabwe – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/zimbabwe.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030750/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/zimbabwe.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |} == Amurka == === Arewacin Amurka === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Kasar ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|Canada}} | style="text-align:center;" |''ya bambanta tsakanin larduna'' | |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} | style="text-align:center;" |15 (tare da kulawar iyaye),16 (tare da yarjejeniyar iyaye),18 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Mexico |url=http://www.auto-europe.co.uk/go/car-hire/mexico/driving-information/ |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Auto Europe |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060619/http://www.auto-europe.co.uk/go/car-hire/mexico/driving-information/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /><br /> | |- |{{Flag|United States}} | style="text-align:center;" |''16 shine shekarun tuki na doka, amma ana iya samun izini a 14 ko 15 dangane da dokokin jihar'' | |} === Amurka ta tsakiya === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|Costa Rica}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving information Costa Rica &#124; Regulations by Auto Europe |url=https://www.autoeurope.co.uk/driving-information-costa-rica/ |access-date=2020-02-01 |website=www.autoeurope.co.uk}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|El Salvador}} | style="text-align:center;" |15<ref name="rhinocarhire.com">{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In El Salvador – Drive Safe in El Salvador |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-El-Salvador.aspx#:~:text=You%20have%20to%20be%20at,poor%20conditions%20of%20the%20roads. |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> |Shekarar tuki ga motoci shine 15 tare da kulawa. Lasisin da ba a iyakance shi ba a 18 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Primera Vez |url=https://www.sertracen.com.sv/index.php/primera-vez }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ba za ku iya tuki a El Salvador ba idan kun wuce shekaru 75.<ref name="rhinocarhire.com" /> |- |{{Flag|Guatemala}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 (tare da amincewar iyaye),18 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving information Guatemala {{!}} Safe drive with Auto Europe |url=https://www.autoeurope.co.uk/driving-information-guatemala/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Auto Europe UK}}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Honduras}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Requisitos para tramitar la licencia de conducir por primera vez en Honduras |url=https://www.elheraldo.hn/tegucigalpa/1205802-466/requisitos-para-tramitar-la-licencia-de-conducir-por-primera-vez-en-honduras |access-date=2020-04-07 |website=Diario El Heraldo |language=es-HN}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Nicaragua}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Best way to get around in Nicaragua |url=https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/north-america/nicaragua/getting-around/ |access-date=2020-02-01 |website=World Travel Guide}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Panama}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 (tare da amincewar iyaye),18 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Reglamento de Transito |url=http://www.transito.gob.pa/sites/default/files/reglamento_decreto_640.pdf |website=transito.gob.pa |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615000038/http://www.transito.gob.pa/sites/default/files/reglamento_decreto_640.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Permiso Juvenil |url=http://www.sertracen.com.pa/licencias-de-conducir/requisitos/permiso-juvenil |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022204929/http://www.sertracen.com.pa/licencias-de-conducir/requisitos/permiso-juvenil |archive-date=2018-10-22 |website=sertracen.com.pa}}</ref><br /> | |} === Kudancin Amurka === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|Argentina}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 (tare da amincewar iyaye),18 (ba tare da) <br /> |21 shine mafi ƙarancin shekaru don tuka mota, bas ko motar gaggawa. 16 shine mafi ƙarancin shekaru don tuka mota (ba tare da fasinjoji ba). Samun amincewar iyaye ya zama dole ga duk wani lasisi da aka bayar ga kowane mutum mai shekaru kasa da 18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ley de Tránsito Nº 24.449 – Articles 11 and 17 |url=http://servicios.infoleg.gob.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/0-4999/818/texact.htm |access-date=9 May 2017 |website=InfoLeg |language=es}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Bolivia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Bolivia – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/bolivia.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192236/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/bolivia.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Brazil}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Brazil's Traffic Law |url=http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/L9503.htm |access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref> |18 shine mafi ƙarancin shekaru don tuka motoci, babur, da motoci. 21 shine mafi ƙarancin shekaru don tuka manyan motoci, bas, ko sufuri. Dole ne a ba da lasisi ga direbobi a baya a cikin cat. 'B' na akalla shekara guda kafin neman lasisin sana'a. 'C' category yawanci don manyan motoci ne, 'D' don bas da manyan motoci da 'E' don motocin da aka tsara. |- |{{Flag|Chile}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 (tare da amincewar iyaye),18, 20 (lasisin sana'a) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Chile – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/chile.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206131516/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/chile.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2014 |title=Licencia de conducir |url=http://www.bcn.cl/leyfacil/recurso/licencia-de-conducir |publisher=bcn.cl}}</ref><br /><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Colombia}} | style="text-align:center;" |16, 18 (lasisi na sana'a) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Colombia – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/colombia.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192614/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/colombia.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 1994 |title=Lo Que Se Debe Saber Sobre El Pase |url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-265910#:~:text=Desde%20los%2020%20a%C3%B1os.,la%20licencia%20de%20conducci%C3%B3n%3A%201. |publisher=El Tiempo}}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Ecuador}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Ecuador – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/ecuador.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192452/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/ecuador.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Falkland Islands}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Traffic (Provisional) Regulations Order 1986 |url=https://legislation.gov.fk/view/whole/2019-06-24/fisl-1986-5#:~:text=(a)%20he%20has%20passed%20such,issued%20in%20respect%20of%20motor |access-date=2021-11-10}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|French Guiana}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving In {{!}} Driving In French Guiana |url=https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-french-guiana |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.drivng.com |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925145811/https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-french-guiana |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Guyana}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Under-18s and the Law |url=http://www.legalaid.org.gy/node/25 |publisher=legalaid.org.gy}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Paraguay}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |last=LinkedIn |title=Your Complete Guide to Driving in Paraguay |url=https://www.tripsavvy.com/driving-in-paraguay-5190094 |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=TripSavvy }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Peru}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obtener primera licencia de conducir (brevete) |url=https://www.gob.pe/136-obtener-primera-licencia-de-conducir-brevete-condiciones |access-date=2019-12-25 |website=www.gob.pe/}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Suriname}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving In {{!}} Driving In Suriname |url=https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-suriname |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.drivng.com |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925145811/https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-suriname |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Uruguay}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Uruguay – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/uruguay.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192410/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/uruguay.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Venezuela}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Venezuela – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/venezuela.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192353/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/venezuela.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |} === Caribbean === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |''{{Flag|Anguilla}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Government of Anguilla – Residents – Licences & Registrations – Driving Licences & Permits |url=http://www.gov.ai/licence.php |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Gov.ai |archive-date=2019-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508200232/http://www.gov.ai/licence.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Bahamas}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahamas Information |url=http://www.bahamasailing.com/Boat/stuff.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502023550/http://www.bahamasailing.com/Boat/stuff.htm |archive-date=May 2, 2006 |access-date=August 25, 2010}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cayman Islands}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=What age is the driving age in GC? – Cayman Islands Forum – Tripadvisor |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g147364-i260-k9167241-What_age_is_the_driving_age_in_GC-Cayman_Islands.html |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=Tripadvisor}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cuba}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fly and Drive in Cuba – Terms and Conditions |url=http://www.particularcuba.com/hoteles/flexitc.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715045354/http://www.particularcuba.com/hoteles/flexitc.htm |archive-date=July 15, 2011 |website=www.particularcuba.com}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Curaçao}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=NETHERLANDS ANTILLES visa service & travel information |url=http://www.travcour.com/g_page.php?pageid=697&Pagetitle=Netherlands+Antilles |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131173725/http://www.travcour.com/g_page.php?pageid=697&Pagetitle=Netherlands+Antilles |archive-date=2016-01-31 |access-date=2015-02-20 |website=Travcour.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Dominican Republic}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving rules and regulations |url=https://www.justlanded.com/english/Dominican-Republic/Dominican-Republic-Guide/Travel-Leisure/Driving-rules-and-regulations |access-date=2023-09-17 |website=Just Landed}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Guadeloupe}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=English to French International Driver's License Translation Services – International Driving Authority |url=https://idaoffice.org/travel-guide/en-to-fr/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=idaoffice.org}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Jamaica}} | style="text-align:center;" |16-17 (masu koyo sun ba da izini ko tare da kulawar manya),18 cikakkun lasisi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-02-11 |title=The age to drive – from Jamaica to Britain |url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20100211/news/news5.html |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=jamaica-gleaner.com}}</ref><br /> | |- |''{{Flag|Martinique}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Martinique – Drive Safe in Martinique |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Martinique.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |16 (tare da izinin mai koyo), 18 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Puerto_Rico_Driving_Age |url=http://www.youthrights.net/index.php? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111084416/http://www.youthrights.net/index.php?title=Puerto_Rico_Driving_Age |archive-date=January 11, 2006 |access-date=August 25, 2010}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Saint Barthélemy}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-13 |title=Driving on Saint Barthélemy: Tips from Our Community + How to Get Around the Island |url=https://www.saintbarth.com/driving-on-saint-barthelemy-tips-from-our-community-how-to-get-around-the-island/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=SaintBarth.com}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Saint Martin}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In St Maarten – Drive Safe in St Maarten |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-St-Maarten.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Trinidad and Tobago – Drive Safe in TT |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Trinidad-and-Tobago.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|St. Kitts and Nevis}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 (don izini), 18 (don lasisi) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inland Revenue Department |url=https://www.sknird.com/driverlic-DriverLic-SubPage-54-d-60.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005332/https://www.sknird.com/driverlic-DriverLic-SubPage-54-d-60.aspx |archive-date=2018-06-27 |access-date=2017-05-31 |website=www.sknird.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chapter 15.06 Vehicles and Road Traffic Act |url=https://www.sknird.com/UserFiles/TaxLib/130325053700.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024100403/https://www.sknird.com/UserFiles/TaxLib/130325053700.pdf |archive-date=2017-10-24 |access-date=2017-05-31 |publisher=Government of St. Kitts and Nevis}}</ref><br /> | |- |''{{Flag|US Virgin Islands}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |16 (tare da izinin mai koyo), 18 <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S._Virgin_Islands_Driving_Age |url=http://www.youthrights.net/index.php? |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723190111/http://www.youthrights.net/index.php?title=U.S._Virgin_Islands_Driving_Age |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |access-date=August 25, 2010}}</ref> | |} == Asiya == === Yammacin Asiya === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|Bahrain}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bahraini King's Son Dies in Car Accident |url=http://www.omanforum.com/forums/showthread.php?t=13700 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130131131642/http://www.omanforum.com/forums/showthread.php?t=13700 |archive-date=31 January 2013}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Iran}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2013 |title=Driving in Iran &#124; IranVisitor – Travel Guide To Iran |url=http://www.iranvisitor.com/index.php?cID=421&pID=1304 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=IranVisitor}}</ref> |Kuna iya zuwa aji na tuki na 1 zuwa 3 makonni kafin jarrabawar tuki. Bayan ka kai shekaru 18 za ka iya samun lasisin tuki. |- |{{Flag|Iraq}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 don babura17 don motoci <ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving In {{!}} Driving In Iraq |url=https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-iraq |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.drivng.com |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925141757/https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-iraq |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Israel}} | style="text-align:center;" |Shekaru 16 don babura Shekaru 6 watanni tare da malami na tuki Shekaru 9 watanni don motoci tare da kulawar iyaye na watanni 3 duk lokacin da kuma wasu watanni 3 da dare <ref>{{Cite web |title=דרגות רישיון נהיגה – דרגה B |url=http://he.mot.gov.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48%3Adargotrishauionnehiga&catid=62&Itemid=83&limitstart=4 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029220532/http://he.mot.gov.il/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48%3Adargotrishauionnehiga&catid=62&Itemid=83&limitstart=4 |archive-date=2014-10-29 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=He.mot.gov.il |language=he}}</ref>&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;&nbsp; | |- |{{Flag|Jordan}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Jordan – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/jordan.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005303/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/jordan.asp |archive-date=2018-06-27 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Kuwait}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 ga Kuwaiti21 ga wadanda ba Kuwait ba <br /> | |- |{{Flag|Lebanon}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-20 |title=Driving in Lebanon- International Driving License |url=https://internationaldrivinglicense.com/driving-license-in-lebanon/ |access-date=2022-09-25}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Oman}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=شرطة عمان السلطانية |url=http://www.rop.gov.om/english/dg_traffic_newlicense.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129151540/http://www.rop.gov.om/english/dg_traffic_newlicense.asp |archive-date=November 29, 2010 |website=www.rop.gov.om}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Qatar}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 don motoci masu sauƙi 21 don motoci mai nauyi <ref>{{Cite web |title=وكالة الأنباء القطرية |url=http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/Qatar_Portal/driving_license/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019154001/http://www.qnaol.net/QNAEn/Qatar_Portal/Driving_License/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=2013-10-19 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Qnaol.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2015 |title=How To Get A Qatar Driving License |url=https://www.dohaguides.com/how-to-get-qatar-driving-license/#age-requirement |access-date=2020-12-09}}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Saudi Arabia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 don motoci,17 don izini na wucin gadi, 16 don babura <ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving License (Saudis – Non-Saudis) |url=https://www.moi.gov.sa/wps/portal/Home/sectors/publicsecurity/traffic/trafficriyadh/contents/!ut/p/z0/fYxBC4IwGED_yi6DOsi3RKSreCjzkiRku8SY076yb7qp1L9PqHO39-DxQEIFktSMrRrRkuoWv8j4KrIo2m-iMN-VaSSSIj0WeVaGYhvDyRAcQP6Plgveh0EmILWl0bxGqEanmgY1Fz9gDt-qvnHxVEhc9M5qU0_OeC5qhzNSyzrUhrxhK6-mGj0LGFkKvrKG_rE7fwCX8AZx/ |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=Ministry of Interior}}</ref> <br /> | |- |{{Flag|Syria}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|United Arab Emirates}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 don motoci da babura <ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting a driving licence – Gulf News Government |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/transport/uae-lowers-minimum-age-of-drivers-issues-new-traffic-laws-1.104477986}}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Yemen}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=SORRY, THE REQUESTED PAGE WAS NOT FOUND |url=http://www.yementimes.com/DefaultDET.aspx?i=1151&p=local&a=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303074344/http://www.yementimes.com/DefaultDET.aspx?i=1151&p=local&a=1 |archive-date=2012-03-03 |access-date=2010-08-26 |website=Yemen Times}}</ref> | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|Afghanistan}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving License Permit and Vehicles License |url=http://moi.gov.af/en/page/5747/5750 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012104356/http://moi.gov.af/en/page/5747/5750 |archive-date=2018-10-12 |publisher=Government of Afghanistan: Ministry of Interior Affairs}}</ref> |Ya zuwa 2024, ba a ba da damar tuki ga mata ba. [https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/south-asia/taliban-driving-licence-afghan-women-b2072058.html] |- |{{Flag|Bangladesh}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Activities >>> Driving License |url=http://www.brta.gov.bd/activities_driving.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706181116/http://www.brta.gov.bd/activities_driving.php |archive-date=July 6, 2010 |access-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|India}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|Nepal}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 don ƙafafu biyu,18 don ƙafafu huɗu <ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपाल कानून आयोग – NLC |url=https://www.lawcommission.gov.np/documents/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%a4-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d/}}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driver Licensing Information |url=http://www.pak.gov.pk/driving_license.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710191103/http://www.pak.gov.pk/driving_license.aspx |archive-date=July 10, 2010 |access-date=August 26, 2010}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Sri Lanka}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |last=ICTA |title=New Driving License |url=http://www.motortraffic.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=140&lang=en=Travcour.com |publisher=motortraffic.gov.lk |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2018-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626220503/http://www.motortraffic.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=83&Itemid=140&lang=en=Travcour.com |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Maldives}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in &#124; Driving in Maldives |url=https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-maldives |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009191651/https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-maldives |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |} === Gabashin Asiya === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|China}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Account Suspended |url=http://josephbosco.com/wow2004/2006/10/china-national-features-driving_07.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061106084227/http://josephbosco.com/wow2004/2006/10/china-national-features-driving_07.html |archive-date=2006-11-06 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Josephbosco.com}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Hong Kong}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Requirements for Obtaining a Driving Licence |url=http://www.td.gov.hk/en/public_services/licences_and_permits/vehicle_and_driving_licences/how_to_apply_for_a_driving_licence/requirements_for_obtaining_a_driving_licence/index.html |access-date=11 December 2014 |publisher=The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Transport Department |archive-date=29 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729125551/http://www.td.gov.hk/en/public_services/licences_and_permits/vehicle_and_driving_licences/how_to_apply_for_a_driving_licence/requirements_for_obtaining_a_driving_licence/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |''Yankin Gudanarwa na Musamman na kasar Sin'' |- |{{Flag|Japan}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 (motoci a ƙarƙashin 400 cc) 18 (moto na yau da kullun / matsakaici da babura sama da 401 cc) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-30 |title=Driving in Japan |url=http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2022.html |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Japan-guide.com}}</ref>&nbsp;<br />&nbsp; | |- |''{{Flag|Macau}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18 |''Yankin Gudanarwa na Musamman na kasar Sin'' |- |{{Flag|South Korea}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 don motocin fasinjoji na yau da kullun da babura sama da 125 cc16 don babura a ƙarƙashin 125 cc19 don lasisin kasuwanci&nbsp;<br />&nbsp;<br /> | |- |''{{Flag|Taiwan}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan High Speed Rail, Driving in Taiwan, Learn about Transportation Options, Rules of the Road, Fines |url=http://www.englishintaiwan.com/foreigners/living-in-taiwan/transport-high-speed-rail-taxis-buses |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Englishintaiwan.com}}</ref> | |} === Kudu maso gabashin Asiya === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |{{Flag|Brunei}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|Myanmar}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving In {{!}} Driving In Myanmar |url=https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-myanmar |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.drivng.com |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925145810/https://www.drivng.com/l/driving-in-myanmar |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cambodia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|Indonesia}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Found |url=http://www.balitravelforum.com/archive200711/12192.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707205608/http://www.balitravelforum.com/archive200711/12192.html |archive-date=2011-07-07 |access-date=2010-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=LEMBARAN NEGARA – REPUBLIK INDONESIA |url=http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/inc/buka.php?czozMToiZD0yMDAwKzkmZj11dTIyLTIwMDlidC5odG0manM9MSI7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112145305/http://www.djpp.depkumham.go.id/inc/buka.php?czozMToiZD0yMDAwKzkmZj11dTIyLTIwMDlidC5odG0manM9MSI7 |archive-date=November 12, 2012 |access-date=December 28, 2012}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Laos}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|Malaysia}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 (motoci),16 (moto) <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2009 |title=Driving License In Malaysia For Car & Motorcycle |url=http://driving-school.com.my/driving-license/how-to-obtain-a-malaysian-driving-license/ |publisher=driving-school.com.my |access-date=10 August 2025 |archive-date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718114521/http://driving-school.com.my/driving-license/how-to-obtain-a-malaysian-driving-license/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Philippines}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 (lasisin dalibai);17 (lasisin direba wanda ba na sana'a ba);18 (lasisin direban sana'a) <ref>{{Cite web |title=License and Permit |url=https://lto.gov.ph/license-and-permit.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716060507/https://lto.gov.ph/license-and-permit.html |archive-date=2022-07-16 |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=lto.gov.ph}}</ref><br /><br /> | |- |{{Flag|Singapore}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Singapore – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/singapore.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627005749/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/singapore.asp |archive-date=2018-06-27 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Thailand}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 (motoci da babura);15 (motocin da ke da 110 cc ko ƙananan injuna) <ref>{{Cite web |title=พระราชบัญญัติรถยนต์ พ.ศ.๒๕๒๒ และที่แก้ไขเพิ่มเติม |url=http://web.krisdika.go.th/data/law/law2/%C301/%C301-20-9999-update.pdf |website=Office of the Council of State |publisher=Royal Thai Government |ref=thaicaract |access-date=2025-08-10 |archive-date=2011-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203044221/http://web.krisdika.go.th/data/law/law2/%C301/%C301-20-9999-update.pdf |url-status=dead }} (Automobile Act, 1979 and amendments)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Thailand – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/thailand.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-06-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627034714/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/thailand.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /> |Sauran ƙuntatawa sun shafi manyan motoci ko motoci na musamman. |- |{{Flag|Vietnam}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 (babura a ƙarƙashin 50cc), 18 <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to drive in Vietnam |url=http://www.howtodrivein.com/vietnam.php |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Howtodrivein.com |archive-date=2018-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165048/http://www.howtodrivein.com/vietnam.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |} == Turai == [[Fayil:Driving_age_Europe_2024.svg|left|thumb|'''Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki a Turai'''<br /> <div class="legend">Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki shine 18<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0026FF; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; forced-color-adjust:none;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;</div>      ]] {{Clear}} === Yankin Lasisin tuki na Turai === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |State ! width="190" |Minimum driving age ! width="320" |Notes |- |{{Flag|Austria}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 for cars<br /><br />15 for mopeds<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-10-24 |title=Driving a Moped |url=https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2017/mapping-minimum-age-requirements/drive-moped |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights}}</ref> |(Start with 15,5 under L17 attendant driving training |- |{{Flag|Belgium}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />16 for mopeds<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Belgium |url=https://www.angloinfo.com/belgium/how-to/belgium-transport-driving |access-date=18 September 2016 |archive-date=18 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918234134/https://www.angloinfo.com/belgium/how-to/belgium-transport-driving |url-status=dead }}</ref> |17 for cars, with learners permit (supervised) |- |{{Flag|Bulgaria}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Bulgaria {{!}} SmartExpat |url=https://smartexpat.com/bulgaria/how-to-guides/transport/driving/driving |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717212501/https://smartexpat.com/bulgaria/how-to-guides/transport/driving/driving |archive-date=2018-07-17 |access-date=2018-07-17 |website=smartexpat.com}}</ref><br /><br />16 for mopeds<ref name=":0" /> | |- |{{Flag|Croatia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />15 for mopeds<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Croatia – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/croatia.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626030528/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/croatia.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Cyprus}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|Czech Republic}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />17 with supervision <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2024 |title=Austerity package brings into force numerous tax and other changes |url=https://english.radio.cz/news}}</ref> |15 for mopeds.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zákon o silničním provozu, Hlava 3, §83 Věk |url=https://www.zakruta.cz/silnicni-zakon/102/vek/ |access-date=2019-06-28 |language=cs}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Denmark}} | style="text-align:center;" |24 for heavy bus,<br /><br />21 for heavy truck,<br /><br />17 for cars<ref>{{Cite web |title=L 161 A Bill amending the Road Traffic Act |url=http://www.ft.dk/samling/20151/lovforslag/L161A/index.htm |access-date=2016-10-02 |website=Folketinget |language=da}}</ref><br /><br />15 for mopeds, quads and snowmobiles* |17-year-olds may drive alone from 5 AM to 8 PM. Outside this time frame, a companion with a driver's license is required. The minimum driving age for heavy truck and heavy bus can go down to 18, if the license is obtained during military service <nowiki>*</nowiki>It is only possible to obtain a license for snowmobiles on Greenland. |- |{{Flag|Estonia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 for cars,<br /><br />16 with supervision,<br /><br />14 for mopeds<ref name="Liiklusseadus">{{Cite web |title=Liiklusseadus |url=https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/117032011021#para95 |access-date=2017-04-11 |website=Riigiteataja |language=et}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 16 with supervision.<ref name="Liiklusseadus" /> Unrestricted licence available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Finland}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 for cars,<br /><br />17 with exception permit,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exceptions to category B age requirements |url=https://ajokortti-info.fi/en/getting-driving-licence/exceptions-category-b-age-requirements |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=Ajokortti-info}}</ref><br /><br />15 (mopeds, micro cars, tractors)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting a driving licence for a tractor |url=https://ajokortti-info.fi/en/getting-driving-licence/getting-driving-licence-tractor |access-date=2021-12-28 |website=Ajokortti-info}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|France}} | style="text-align:center;" |17,<br /><br />15 with supervision <ref name="service-public.fr">{{Cite web |title=Apprentissage anticipé de la conduite à partir de 15 ans {{!}} service-public.fr |url=https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2826 |access-date=2016-12-28 |website=www.service-public.fr}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 15 with supervision.<ref name="service-public.fr" /> Licence available at 17 with speed restrictions, reduced number of points<ref>{{Cite web |title=Présentation du permis à points {{!}} Sécurité Routière |url=http://www.securite-routiere.gouv.fr/le-permis-points/presentation-du-permis-points |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.securite-routiere.gouv.fr |language=fr |archive-date=2024-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403055116/https://www.securite-routiere.gouv.fr/le-permis-points/presentation-du-permis-points |url-status=dead }}</ref> and blood alcohol level is reduced to 0.2g/L. Restrictions drops after 2 or 3 years of holding a license.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qu'est-ce que le permis de conduire probatoire ? |url=https://www.service-public.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2390 |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=www.service-public.fr |language=Fr}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Germany}} | style="text-align:center;" |18, 17 with supervision<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-25 |title=Begleitetes Fahren ab 17 |url=https://www.adac.de/verkehr/rund-um-den-fuehrerschein/erwerb/begleitetes-fahren/ |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.adac.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> | Driving age for cars is 17 with supervision.<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 18. Licenses for mopeds < 25&nbsp;km/h are available at 15, for scooters < 45&nbsp;km/h and motorcycles under 126ccm at 16.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-31 |title=Germany travel advice – GOV.UK |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/europe/germany?ta=safetySecurity&pg=2 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Fco.gov.uk}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Greece}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law 4599/2019 ΦΕΚ/40/Α/4-3-2019 Testing the qualifications and conduct of prospective drivers and drivers for the issuance of driving licenses, other provisions for driving licenses and other provisions |url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wFqnM3eAbJzrXdtvSoClrL8n2mlCsr5UbztIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6qSYtMQEkEHLwnFqmgJSA5WIsluV-nRwO1oKqSe4BlOTSpEWYhszF8P8UqWb_zFijMXDwdRTupoYV0gjSMm4a4XSekv53zioWdJzU_4_GOGN}}</ref> 16 for motorcycles up to 50 cc and light quadricycles <ref>{{Cite web |title=Information on the minimum age for obtaining a driving licence |url=https://www.gov.gr/en/sdg/vehicles/acquiring-and-renewing-driving-licence/getting-driving-licence/age-requirement/}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 17 with supervision.<br /><br />Unrestricted license is available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Hungary}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<br /><br />16 for motorcycles under 125 ccm<br /><br />14 for vehicles under 50 ccm<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driver's license |url=https://www.elte.hu/en/about-hungary/drivers-license#:~:text=The%20minimum%20age%20to%20drive,17%20years%20old%20or%20older. |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.elte.hu}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Iceland}} | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=50/1987: Umferðarlög &#124; Lög &#124; Alþingi |url=http://www.althingi.is/lagas/145b/1987050.html |access-date=2016-12-04 |publisher=Alþingi |language=is}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ökunám og -réttindi |url=https://www.island.is/thjonusta/ferdalog-og-samgongur/thu-og-billinn/okunam/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220231221/https://www.island.is/thjonusta/ferdalog-og-samgongur/thu-og-billinn/okunam/ |archive-date=2016-12-20 |access-date=2016-12-04 |publisher=Þjóðskrá Íslands |language=is}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 16 with supervision.<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 17. |- |{{Flag|Ireland}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ireland Now Driving a Car in Ireland |url=http://www.irelandnow.com/driving.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123183230/http://irelandnow.com/driving.html |archive-date=2010-11-23 |access-date=2011-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving tips for Ireland |url=http://www.iol.ie/~discover/driving.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918074007/http://www.iol.ie/~discover/driving.htm |archive-date=2018-09-18 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Iol.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Categories of motor vehicles and minimum age of drivers |url=http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/travel_and_recreation/motoring_1/driver_licensing/categories_of_motor_vehicles_and_minimum_age_of_drivers_in_ireland.html |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Citizensinformation.ie}}</ref> |16 for motorcycles under 125cc, mopeds, work vehicles or land tractors |- |{{Flag|Italy}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-20 |title=Guida accompagnata: istruzioni per l'uso |url=http://www.poliziadistato.it/articolo/25889/ |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Poliziadistato.it}}</ref> | Driving 17 with supervision of a person under 60 years in possession of full B licence (or superior).<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Latvia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 for cars (B), trailers (C1, BE, C1E),<br /><br />24 motorcycles (A),<br /><br />21 motorcycles (A2),<br /><br />16 for motorcycles (A1), resting boats,<br /><br />14 for mopeds (M),<br /><br />10 for bicycle |16 for cars(B), 21 for motorcycles(A2), trailers(C1, BE, C1E), 16 for motorcycles(A1), 14 for mopeds(M) – if supervised by a person holding a B category licence for at least three years (also known as training driving)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Par vadītāju apliecībām |trans-title=About driver's licenses |url=https://www.csdd.lv/par-vaditaju-apliecibam/vispareja-informacija |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808145357/https://www.csdd.lv/par-vaditaju-apliecibam/vispareja-informacija |archive-date=2020-08-08 |publisher=CSDD |language=lv}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Braukšanas mācību atļauja |trans-title=Driving instruction permit |url=https://www.csdd.lv/brauksanas-macibu-atlauja/apliecibas-iegusana |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803232354/https://www.csdd.lv/brauksanas-macibu-atlauja/apliecibas-iegusana |archive-date=2020-08-03 |publisher=CSDD |language=lv}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Liechtenstein}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Liechtenstein – Drive Safe in Liechtenstein |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Liechtenstein.aspx#:~:text=You%20must%20be%20at%20least,rent%20a%20car%20is%2021. |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Lithuania}} | style="text-align:center;" |14 to 18 (for permit),<br /><br />18 (for full license) for cars,<br /><br />15 for mopeds<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Lithuania – Drive Safe in Lithuania |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Lithuania.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Luxembourg}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 for motorcycles<br /><br />18 for cars<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driver's license and driving rules |url=https://www.justarrived.lu/en/practical-information/driving-rules-luxembourg/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=JUST ARRIVED, 1er site d'informations pour les étrangers au Luxembourg |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925151955/https://www.justarrived.lu/en/practical-information/driving-rules-luxembourg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Driving age for low power motorcycles and tractors 16.<br /><br />Driving licence for cars available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Malta}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=TM Portal – General Info on Driving in Malta |url=http://www.transport.gov.mt/land-transport/driving |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181012185452/http://www.transport.gov.mt/land-transport/driving |archive-date=2018-10-12 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Transport.gov.mt}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Netherlands}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 for cars<br /><br />16 for mopeds and tractors<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2013 |title=What license do I need a moped, scooter, scooter or moped car to drive? |url=https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/rijbewijs/vraag-en-antwoord/voor-welke-soorten-bromfietsen-heb-ik-een-bromfietsrijbewijs-brommerrijbewijs-nodig |access-date=15 October 2016 |language=nl}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 17 with supervision.<br /><br />Driving lessons available at 16½.<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Norway}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 for cars<br /><br />16 for mopeds and light motorcycles | |- |{{Flag|Poland}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />16 for motorcycles up to 125&nbsp;cc<br /><br />14 for mopeds and quads | |- |{{Flag|Portugal}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 for cars,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cartas de Condução de Automóveis Ligeiros e Quadriciclos |url=http://www.imt-ip.pt/sites/IMTT/Portugues/Condutores/CartaConducao/AutomoveisLigeiros/Paginas/AutomoveisLigeiros.aspx |access-date=2021-09-09 |website=www.imt-ip.pt |archive-date=2021-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909093428/http://www.imt-ip.pt/sites/IMTT/Portugues/Condutores/CartaConducao/AutomoveisLigeiros/Paginas/AutomoveisLigeiros.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><br /><br />16 for motorcycles,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cartas de Condução de Motociclos |url=http://www.imt-ip.pt/sites/IMTT/Portugues/Condutores/CartaConducao/Motociclos/Paginas/Motociclos.aspx |access-date=2021-09-09 |website=www.imt-ip.pt }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> 14 for motorcycles and tricycles under 50cm3 <ref>{{Cite web |last=www.acp.pt |title=Licença de condução de ciclomotores até 50 cc {{!}} ACP |url=https://www.acp.pt/servicos/cursos-e-formacao/licenca-de-conducao-de-ciclomotores-ate-50-cc |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=www.acp.pt |language=pt}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Romania}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />16 for motorcycles up to 125&nbsp;cc<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obtaining a driver's licence in UE-Romania |url=https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/vehicles/driving-licence/get-driving-licence/romania/index_ro.htm |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=ro}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Slovakia}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving licence r... |url=https://www.slovensko.sk/en/life-situation/life-situation/_driving-licence-requirements/ |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.slovensko.sk}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 17 with supervision.<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Slovenia}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 for cars and motorcycles<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guide to Driving In Slovenia – Drive Safe in Slovenia – Rhinocarhire.com |url=https://www.rhinocarhire.com/Drive-Smart-Blog/Drive-Smart-Slovenia.aspx |access-date=2022-09-25 |website=www.rhinocarhire.com}}</ref> |Driving age for cars is 16 with supervision.<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 18. |- |{{Flag|Spain}} | style="text-align:center;" |15 for mopeds and quads<br /><br /> 16 for motorcycles up to 125&nbsp;cc <br /><br /> 18 for general licence<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving age Spain |url=https://sede.dgt.gob.es/es/tramites-y-multas/permiso-de-conduccion/obtencion-permiso-licencia-conduccion/clases-permiso-conduccion-edad.shtml |access-date=May 10, 2018 |language=es}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Sweden}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 for cars<ref name="transportstyrelsen.se">{{Cite web |title=Driving licence – do you know what applies? |url=https://www.transportstyrelsen.se/globalassets/global/publikationer/vag/korkort/tran-092--allt_om_korkort_en_webb.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614045003/https://www.transportstyrelsen.se/globalassets/global/publikationer/vag/korkort/tran-092--allt_om_korkort_en_webb.pdf |archive-date=2018-06-14 |publisher=Swedish Transport Agency}}</ref><br /><br />15 for mopeds and tractors |Driving age for cars is 16 with supervision.<br /><br />Unrestricted licence available at 18.<ref name="transportstyrelsen.se" /> |- |{{Flag|Switzerland}} | style="text-align:center;" |17 for cars,<br /><br />16 for scooters,<br /><br />18 for motorcycles under 35&nbsp;kW<br /><br />14 for mopeds and tractors<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driver's license categories in Switzerland |url=https://driving-instructor.fahrlehrervergleich.ch/categories.php |access-date=September 6, 2018}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Turkey}} |18 (cars)<br /><br />16 (mopeds and light-motorcycles)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey Driving Guide |url=http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150417-3.htm |access-date=2016-09-19 |publisher=Economy Car Hire |language=tr}}</ref> | |} === Sauran Turai === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |State ! width="190" |Minimum driving age ! width="320" |Notes |- |{{Flag|Albania}} | style="text-align:center;" |18{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=October 2015}} | |- |{{Flag|Andorra}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving Tips for Andorra |url=http://www.alltravelandorra.com/Andorra/Car_Rental/Driving_Tips.htm#8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409150846/http://www.alltravelandorra.com/Andorra/Car_Rental/Driving_Tips.htm |archive-date=April 9, 2010 |access-date=August 25, 2010}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Armenia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-10 |title=Driving in Armenia |url=http://www.rac.co.uk/driving-abroad/armenia/ |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=RAC}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Azerbaijan}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Minimum driving age changed in Azerbaijan |url=http://en.apa.az/news.php?id=124827 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707141601/http://en.apa.az/news.php?id=124827 |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 25, 2010}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Belarus}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Belarus : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/belarus.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214065937/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/belarus.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;" |16{{Spaced en dash}}mopeds (AM), &#x3C;125&nbsp;cc/11&nbsp;kW motorcycles (A1);<br /><br />17{{Spaced en dash}}&#x3C;80&nbsp;kW wheeled tractors and self-propelled machines (A) and all kinds of continuous tracked tractors, SPMs and bulldozers (C);<br /><br /> 18{{Spaced en dash}}all kinds of motorcycles (A), cars with light trailers and up to 8 passengers buses (B), trucks with light trailers (C), all kinds of wheeled tractors (B), SPMs (D), special vehicles (E) and &#x3C;1 m³ excavators (F);<br /><br /> 21{{Spaced en dash}}buses for more than 8 passengers (D), cars, trucks and buses with heavy trailers (BE, CE, DE), trams (F) and trolleybuses (I).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Закон Республики Беларусь от 5 января 2008 г. № 313-З "О дорожном движении" |url=http://etalonline.by/?type=text&regnum=H10800313 |access-date=8 February 2017 |publisher=etalonline.by |format=DOC |archive-date=11 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080426/http://etalonline.by/?type=text&regnum=H10800313 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bosnia Herzegovina : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/bosnia-herzegovina.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214115554/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/bosnia-herzegovina.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Georgia}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in Georgia |url=http://sagency.ge/index.php?m=177 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603051202/http://www.sagency.ge/index.php?m=177 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=10 December 2016 |publisher=RAC |language=ka}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Gibraltar}}'' |17<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Andy |title=Driving licences Gibraltar |url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/new/driving-licences |access-date=April 4, 2015 |website=gibraltar.gov.gi}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Guernsey}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Licence Categories – Guernsey |url=http://www.gov.gg/Licencecategories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220204210/http://www.gov.gg/Licencecategories |archive-date=2015-02-20 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Gov.gg}}</ref> |2 or 3 wheel vehicles, 14 under 50cc <4&nbsp;kW, 16 for 50–125cc <50&nbsp;km/h <11&nbsp;kW, 17 for >125cc <ref>{{Cite web |title=VEHICLE CATEGORY DESCRIPTIONS AND AGE ENTITLEMENTS FOR DRIVING |url=https://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=113066&p=0 |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> |- |''{{Flag|Isle of Man}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isle of Man Guide – PEOPLE AND LIVING, Driving on the Isle of Man |url=http://www.iomguide.com/drivingontheisleofman.php |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Iomguide.com}}</ref> |16 moped, 16 motorbike <125cc <11Kw, 17 motorbike >125cc. |- |''{{Flag|Jersey}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driver licence vehicle categories, specifications and age restrictions |url=http://www.gov.je/Travel/Motoring/DriverLicensing/Pages/VehicleCategories.aspx |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Gov.je}}</ref> |2 wheel vehicles, 16 <50cc, 2 or 3 wheel vehicles 17 <125cc, 18 >240cc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driver licence vehicle categories, specifications and age restrictions |url=https://www.gov.je/Travel/Motoring/DriverLicensing/Pages/VehicleCategories.aspx#anchor-9 |access-date=1 January 2024}}</ref> |- |''{{Flag|Kosovo}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving Licence – State Portal of the Republic of Kosovo |url=https://www.rks-gov.net/EN/f311/documents/driving-licence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127201356/https://www.rks-gov.net/EN/f311/documents/driving-licence |archive-date=2019-11-27 |access-date=2019-11-27}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Moldova}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Moldova – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/moldova.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626054837/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/moldova.asp |archive-date=2018-06-26 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Monaco}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-31 |title=Monaco travel advice – GOV.UK |url=http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/europe/monaco?ta=safetySecurity&pg=2 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Fco.gov.uk}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Montenegro}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Montenegro : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/montenegro.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214060412/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/montenegro.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Northern Cyprus}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |18 | |- |{{Flag|North Macedonia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />(16 with parental supervision)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macedonia : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/macedonia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214074448/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/macedonia.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Russia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />(16 for motorcycles)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-08-06 |title=Driving in Russia |url=http://www.rac.co.uk/driving-abroad/russia/ |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=RAC}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|San Marino}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Italy and San Marino : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/italy-san-marino.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214114231/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/italy-san-marino.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Serbia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<br /><br />(17 with adult supervision)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Serbia : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/serbia.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315193339/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/serbia.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2016 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Ukraine}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine : Touring Tips |url=http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/ukraine.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220204813/http://www.theaa.com/motoring_advice/touring_tips/ukraine.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Theaa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Au Pairs from Ukraine – Culture Quests |url=http://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/ukraine.asp |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Aupairinamerica.com |archive-date=2018-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927044021/https://www.aupairinamerica.com/resources/culture_quests/ukraine.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} |17 (cars),<br /><br />16 (mopeds and tractors) (cars if disabled and in receipt of PIP or DLA),<br /><br />16 (Light Quadricycle)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-16 |title=Vehicles you can drive – GOV.UK |url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Motoring/DriverLicensing/WhatCanYouDriveAndYourObligations/DG_4022547 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Direct.gov.uk}}</ref> | |} == Oceania == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="100" |Jiha ! width="190" |Mafi ƙarancin shekarun tuki ! width="320" |Bayani |- |''{{Flag|American Samoa}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Driving in American Samoa |url=http://www.adcidl.com/Driving-in-American-Samoa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928092433/http://www.adcidl.com/Driving-in-American-Samoa.html |archive-date=2018-09-28 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Adcidl.com}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Australia}} | style="text-align:center;" |18 (VIC) 17 (ACT, NSW, QLD, SA, TAS, WA) Shekaru 161⁄2 (NT) <br /><br /> |Mafi ƙarancin shekaru don samun lasisin koyon babur wanda ke ba da damar tuki a ƙarƙashin kulawa shine shekaru 15 da watanni 9, a cikin ACT.<ref name="Canberra">{{Cite web |title=Getting your learner licence – after the COVID-19 health crisis |url=https://www.accesscanberra.act.gov.au/s/article/act-driver-licence-information-tab-getting-your-learner-licence-after-the-covid-19-health-crisis |access-date=28 October 2022 |website=Access Canberra }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Duk sauran jihohi da yankuna suna buƙatar direbobi masu koyo su kasance shekaru 16 ko sama da haka. Gudanarwa ba tare da kulawa ba ta hanyar ci gaba zuwa lasisi na wucin gadi yana yiwuwa bayan watanni 12, tare da mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i masu kulawa (ciki har da tuki na dare) da ake buƙata a cikin nau'in littafin rajista.<ref name="Canberra" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roads and Maritime Services |first=N. S. W. |title=Practical driving experience – learner driver log book |url=https://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/roads/licence/driver/learner/logbook/index.html |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=Roads and Maritime Services}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=Your learner handbooks |url=https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au:443/licences/your-ls/your-learner-handbooks |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=VicRoads-au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Learner logbook {{!}} Getting a licence |url=https://www.qld.gov.au/transport/licensing/getting/learner-logbook |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=www.qld.gov.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=JO |title=Car (C) |url=https://www.transport.wa.gov.au/licensing/car-c.asp |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=www.transport.wa.gov.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=My car licence – Learner's stage (L) |url=https://mylicence.sa.gov.au/my-car-licence/learners-stage |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=mylicence.sa.gov.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Getting your Ps |url=https://www.transport.tas.gov.au/licensing/getting_your_car_licence/getting_your_ps |website=Transport Services Tasmania}}</ref> Banda wannan shine Yankin Arewa, inda masu koyon direbobi zasu iya ci gaba zuwa lasisi na wucin gadi bayan watanni 6, ba tare da buƙatar gwajin direba ko littafin rajista ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Government |first=Northern Territory |date=2020-10-06 |title=Get your driver licence |url=https://nt.gov.au/driving/driverlicence/getting-an-nt-licence/get-your-driver-licence |access-date=2021-02-22 |website=nt.gov.au}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Fiji}} | style="text-align:center;" |17<ref>{{Cite web |title=Land Transport Authority – "Steering Fiji Safely" |url=http://www.ltafiji.com/registration_licensing.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106015321/http://www.ltafiji.com/registration_licensing.php |archive-date=2014-11-06 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Ltafiji.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Transportation in Fiji – Jasons Fiji |url=http://www.jasons.com/fiji/transportation-in-fiji |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Jasons.com}}</ref> | |- |''{{Flag|Guam}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |16<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guam Highway Safety Laws |url=http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/bystate/gu.html |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Ghsa.org |archive-date=2016-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023050737/http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/bystate/gu.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Marshall Islands}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marshall Islands Travel Tips |url=http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Marshall+Islands/Do's+and+Don'ts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127010248/http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Marshall%2BIslands/Do%27s%2Band%2BDon%27ts |archive-date=January 27, 2007 |access-date=August 27, 2010}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|New Zealand}} | style="text-align:center;" |16 |Mafi ƙarancin shekaru don samun lasisin koyon babur wanda ke ba da damar tuki a ƙarƙashin kulawa shine 16. Mafi ƙarancin shekarun da za a iya samun cikakken lasisi, ba tare da kulawa ko yanayi ba, shine shekaru 171⁄2 idan direban ya kammala karatun tuki mai zurfi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Your car licence |url=http://nzta.govt.nz/licence/getting/cars/car-licence.html |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Nzta.govt.nz}}</ref> Ba tare da ingantaccen karatun tuki ba, mafi ƙarancin shekaru shine 18, daidai da lasisin mota mai nauyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2017 |title=Class 2 licence |url=https://www.drivingtests.co.nz/resources/class-2-truck-licence/ |access-date=1 September 2017}}</ref> |- |''{{Flag|Northern Mariana Islands}}'' | style="text-align:center;" |Shekaru 151⁄2 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Mariana Islands Highway Safety Laws |url=http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/bystate/nmi.html |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=Ghsa.org |archive-date=2016-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104175658/http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/bystate/nmi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Licensing of Drivers 2017 |url=https://rta.gov.pg/pdfs/licences&approvals/RTR_LicensingOfDrivers2017.pdf |access-date=2022-04-11 |publisher=rta.gov.pg}}</ref> | |- |{{Flag|Tonga}} | style="text-align:center;" |18<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tonga — Travel Tips |url=http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Tonga/Do's+and+Don'ts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307041704/http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Tonga/Do's+and+Don'ts |archive-date=2005-03-07 |access-date=2015-02-20 |publisher=iExplore}}</ref> | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Law country lists}} m9w2uis2grqe2ouikoxtfub6hqtjiv5 0 113161 828095 697188 2026-04-30T18:38:27Z BnHamid 12586 828095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A cikin jihar '''[[Maryland]]''', '''[[Haƙƙin kare kai|Hakkin kare kai]]''' galibi ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar shari'a, amma akwai kuma doka. == Ka'idoji na Gaba ɗaya == Maryland ta ci gaba da bin ka'idodin [[Doka ta gama gari|doka ta yau da kullun]] game da amfani da karfi a kare kai, kodayake akwai doka (wanda aka tattauna a ƙasa) game da batun kariya daga shari'ar farar hula don amfani da karfi don kare gida ko kasuwanci. A cikin shari'ar ''Baltimore Transit Co. v. Faulkner'', 179 Md. 598, 20 A.2d 485 (1941), wanda ya shafi karar farar hula don kai hari da batir, Kotun daukaka kara ta Maryland ta gabatar da ka'idojin doka na yau da kullun na koyarwar kare kai:<blockquote>Dokar kare kai ta tabbatar da aikin da aka yi a cikin imani mai ma'ana na haɗari na gaggawa. Idan wanda ake tuhuma ya yi rauni a cikin kare kansa, ba za a iya hukunta shi da laifi ba ko kuma a ɗauke shi da alhakin lalacewa a cikin aikin farar hula. ... Wanda ke neman tabbatar da hari a kan kasa cewa ya yi don kare kansa dole ne ya nuna cewa bai yi amfani da karfi fiye da abin da ake bukata ba. Imani da wanda ake tuhuma ya yi a cikin wani mataki na hari cewa mai shigar da kara ya yi masa lahani na jiki ba zai iya tallafawa rokon kare kansa ba sai dai idan irin wannan imani ne kamar yadda mutum mai matsakaicin hankali zai yi a cikin irin wannan yanayi. Ya kamata a umarci juriya da cewa don tabbatar da hari da batir a kare kansa dole ne yanayin ya kasance kamar yadda zai haifar da mutum mai matsakaici don yin irin wannan hari don kare kansa.[s] Tambayar ko imanin wanda ake tuhuma cewa yana gab da raunin ya kasance mai ma'ana a duk yanayin tambaya ce don la'akari da juri.</blockquote>Kotun daukaka kara ta ce a cikin shari'ar cewa, koda mai shigar da kara ya fara buga ma'aikatan wanda ake tuhuma, mai shigar da karar har yanzu yana da damar cin nasara a cikin wani mataki na batir idan ma'aikatan mai shigar daukaka kara, a cikin karkatar da ayyukan mai shigar da ƙara, "sun yi amfani da rashin ma'ana da karfi da yawa, ma'ana irin wannan karfi kamar maza masu hankali ba za su yi amfani da shi a duk yanayin shari'ar ba. " Id., 179 Md. a 600, 20 A.2d. a 487. == Amfani da Ƙarfin Mutuwa A Tsaro == Maryland kuma ta ci gaba da bin ka'idodin [[Doka ta gama gari|doka ta yau da kullun]] game da batun lokacin da mutum zai iya amfani da karfi mai kisa don kare kansa. A cikin shari'ar Jihar v. Faulkner, 301 Md. 482, 485, 483 A.2d 759, 761 (1984), Kotun daukaka kara ta Maryland ta taƙaita waɗannan ka'idojin, kuma ta bayyana cewa kisan kai, ban da kisan kai na laifi, ya cancanci ne a kan tushen kare kai idan an gamsu da ka'idoji masu zuwa: {{Blockquote|It is a justifiable homicide to kill to prevent the commission of a felony by force or surprise. The crimes in prevention of which life may be taken are such and only such as are committed by forcible means, violence, and surprise, such as murder, robbery, burglary, rape, or arson. * * * * * * It is also essential that killing is necessary to prevent the commission of the felony in question. If other methods could prevent its commission, a homicide is not justified; all other means of preventing the crime must first be exhausted.<ref>''Id.'', 231 Md. at 362-63, 190 A.2d at 542, quoting, 1 ''Wharton's Criminal Law and Procedure'' (Anderson Ed., 1957), § 206, at pages 453-55.</ref>}} ''Dubi kuma Roach v. State'', 358 Md. 418, 429-30, 749 A.2d 787, 793 (2000). Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da mutum yake cikin gidansa, mutum na iya amfani da karfi mai kisa a kan mai kai farmaki idan karfi mai kisa ya zama dole don hana mai kai farmiki yin laifi wanda ya haɗa da amfani da karfi, tashin hankali, ko mamaki (kamar kisan kai, fashi, fashi da fyade, ko ƙonewa). ''Dubi Crawford v. Jihar'', 231 Md. 354, 190 A.2d 538 (1963). == Ayyukan Komawa da Koyarwar Castle == Maryland kuma tana bin dokar [[Doka ta gama gari|doka ta yau da kullun]] cewa, a waje da gidan mutum, mutum, kafin ya yi amfani da karfi mai kisa a kare kansa, yana da aikin "'da koma baya ko guje wa haɗari idan irin waɗannan hanyoyin sun kasance a cikin ikonsa kuma sun dace da amincinsa.'" DeVaughn v. State, 232 Md. 447, 453, 194 A.2d 109, 112 (1963), tabbatacce. an hana shi, 376 US 527 (1964), inda ya nakalto Bruce v. State, 218 Md. 87, 97, 145 A.2d 428, 433 (1958). ''Dubi kuma Burch v. State'', 346 Md. 253, 283, 696 A.2d 443, 458 (1997). Amma mutum ba lallai bane ya koma baya idan ba zai zama lafiya ga mutumin ya yi hakan ba. "[I]f hadarin wanda ake tuhuma ya yi kusa, bai kamata ya koma baya ba amma yana da damar tsayawa da kuma kare kansa. " Bruce v. State, ''sama'', 218 Md. a 97, 145 A.2d a 433. Ayyukan janyewa ba su aiki ba idan an kai wa mutum hari a gidansa. "[Mutumin da ya fuskanci haɗarin kai hari a kan gidansa ba ya buƙatar komawa gida don tserewa daga haɗarin, amma a maimakon haka yana iya tsayawa a matsayinsa kuma, idan ya cancanta don kawar da harin, zai iya kashe mai kai farmaki. " ''Crawford'' v. State, 231 Md. 354, 361, 190 A.2d 538, 541 (1963). Kotun daukaka kara ta ce a Crawford, wani shari'ar da wanda ake tuhuma ya harbe wani saurayi wanda ke ƙoƙarin shiga gidansa don doke shi ya sace shi:<blockquote>* * Ba a tilasta wa mutum ya janye daga gidansa ba. Zai iya tsayawa a can kuma ya kashe mutumin da ke ƙoƙarin aikata laifi a ciki, ko wanda ke ƙoƙarin shiga da karfi don manufar aikata laifi, ko kuma haifar da mummunan rauni a jiki ga fursuna.[y] A irin wannan yanayin mai shi ko kowane memba na iyali, ko ma mai masauki a cikin gidan, na iya saduwa da mai shigowa a ƙofar, kuma ya hana shi shiga ta kowace hanya da ake buƙata, har ma da ɗaukar ransa, kuma kisan zai zama daidai.</blockquote>Wannan ka'idar an san ta da "Castle Doctrine", sunan da aka samo daga ra'ayin cewa "'gidan mutum shine gidansa' da kuma mafakarsa ta ƙarshe. " Barton v. State, 46 Md. App. 616, 618, 420 A.2d 1009, 1010-1011 (1980). Mutum "ba lallai bane ya gudu kuma ya zama mai tsere daga gidansa, domin, idan an buƙaci hakan, ba za a sami mafaka a gare shi a ko'ina cikin duniya ba". Mutum ba lallai bane ya zama mai gidan ko shugaban gidan don ya iya kiran "Castle Doctrine. " Maimakon haka, "kowane memba na gidan, ko yana da mallakar ko kuma yana da sha'awar mallakar dukiyar, yana cikin mahallinsa. ... " . Koyaya, ko da a cikin gidan mutum, matakin ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi don kare kansa dole ne ya zama "ya wuce gona da iri". ''Crawford'' v. State, ''sama'', 231 Md. a 362, 190 A.2d a 542. Da yake ambaton wata takarda game da dokar aikata laifuka, Kotun daukaka kara ta ce a Crawford: {{Blockquote|a. Defense of Self, Another or Property Persons are not responsible for assault or battery if they were defending themselves, other persons, their property or their employer's property, so long as they used only such force as was reasonably necessary to protect themselves, other persons, their property, or their employer's property from actual attack or threat of imminent harm. Threat of imminent harm does not mean that one must wait until the other person makes the first move. b. Use of Deadly Force A person may use deadly force only as a last resort. The person must reasonably believe that he or she or a third person was in immediate danger of serious bodily harm and that there was no other reasonable means of defense or ability to escape.}} == Nauyin Tabbacin Tsaro == Kodayake ana kiran kare kai "tsaron kai," wanda ake tuhuma wanda ke kiran kare kansa a cikin shari'ar laifi a Maryland ba shi da nauyin tabbatar da cewa ya yi aiki don kare kansa. Maimakon haka, wanda ake tuhuma a cikin shari'ar aikata laifuka kawai yana da nauyin ''samarwa'' akan batun kare kansa. Wannan yana nufin cewa wanda ake tuhuma wanda yake so ya kira koyarwar kawai yana buƙatar "samar da batun" ta hanyar gabatar da wasu shaidu cewa ya yi aiki don kare kansa. Idan wanda ake tuhuma ya gamsar da wannan nauyin samarwa kuma ta haka ne ya haifar da batun, to, mai gabatar da kara ne ke da nauyin tabbatar da cewa wanda ake tuhumar bai yi aiki don kare kansa ba. A wasu kalmomi, da zarar wanda ake tuhuma ya gamsar da nauyinsa na samarwa a kan batun kare kansa, to mai gabatar da kara yana da nauyin ''rinjaye'' a kan batun tsaro. Idan wanda ake tuhuma bai haifar da batun kare kansa ba, to mai gabatar da kara ba zai tabbatar da cewa wanda ake tuhumar bai yi aiki don kare kansa ba. Kotun daukaka kara ta Maryland ta karɓi waɗannan ƙa'idodin a cikin shari'ar Jihar v. Evans, 278 Md. 197, 207-08, 362 A.2d 629, 636 (1976). Kotun ta ce rarraba nauyin samarwa da rinjaye ta wannan hanyar ya buƙaci hukuncin Kotun Koli a cikin Mullaney v. Wilbur, 421 US 684 (1975). OA cikin shari'o'in ''farar hula'', akasin haka, kare kai ya kasance karewa, ma'ana cewa nauyin tabbatar da amfani da shi yana kan wanda ake tuhuma. ''Dubi Baltimore Transit Co. v. Faulkner, sama,'' 179 Md. a 600-01, 20 A.2d a 487. == Umurnin Juri na Tsarin Tsaro a cikin Laifuka == Idan an cika ma'auni na aiki zuwa janyewa, to ana bincika ka'idojin kare kai masu zuwa, kamar yadda ke cikin Instruction of Criminal Pattern Jury na Maryland. Zaɓuɓɓuka ko madadin shigarwa a cikin umarnin juriya an rufe su da < >. Kalmomin da ke kewaye da () ana maye gurbinsu da takamaiman lokuta na shari'ar. === Tsaron kai (MPJI-Cr 5:07) === Tsaron kai shine karewa, kuma dole ne a sami wanda ake tuhuma ba shi da laifi idan duk abubuwan da suka biyo baya guda uku suna nan: # Wanda ake tuhuma ya yi imanin cewa <su> suna cikin haɗarin rauni na jiki. # Imani na wanda ake tuhuma yana da ma'ana. # Wanda ake tuhuma bai yi amfani da karfi fiye da yadda ya kamata ya kare kansu ba saboda barazanar da ake yi ko ainihin cutar. "Ƙarfin kisa shine adadin ƙarfin da aka lissafa don haifar da mutuwa ko mummunan rauni a jiki. Idan an gano wanda ake tuhuma ya yi amfani da ƙarfin kisa, dole ne a yanke shawara ko amfani da ƙarfin mutuwa yana da ma'ana. Ƙarfin kisa yana da maɓallin idan wanda ake tuhumar a zahiri yana da imani mai ma'ana cewa ƙarfin mai kai ya kasance ko zai zama mai kisa kuma wanda ake tuhumi yana buƙatar amsawar ƙarfin kisa". "Bugu da kari, kafin amfani da karfi mai kisa, ana buƙatar wanda ake tuhuma ya yi duk wani kokari mai ma'ana don komawa baya. Wanda ake tuhuma ba dole ba ne ya koma baya idan wanda ake tuhumar ya kasance a cikin gida, koma baya ba shi da aminci, hanyar koma baya ba ta san wanda ake tuhume-tuhume ba, ana satar wanda ake tuhumi ya kama wanda aka azabtar da doka. Idan an gano wanda ake tuhumarsa bai yi amfani da karfi ba, to wanda ake tuhumu ba shi da aikin komawa baya. " === Tsaron Sauran (MPJI-Cr 5:01) === Tsaron wasu shine karewa, kuma dole ne a sami wanda ake tuhuma ba shi da laifi idan duk abubuwan da suka biyo baya guda huɗu suna nan: # Wanda ake tuhuma ya yi imanin cewa mutumin da aka kare yana cikin haɗarin rauni na jiki. # Imani na wanda ake tuhuma yana da ma'ana. # Wanda ake tuhuma bai yi amfani da karfi fiye da yadda ya kamata don kare mutumin da aka kare ba saboda barazanar ko ainihin karfi. # Manufar wanda ake tuhuma ta amfani da karfi shine don taimakawa mutumin da ake karewa. === Tsaro na Gida - Ƙarfin Mutuwa (MPJI-Cr 5:02) === Tsaron gidan mutum shine karewa, kuma dole ne a sami wanda ake tuhuma ba shi da laifi idan duk abubuwan da suka biyo baya guda uku suna nan: # Wanda ake tuhuma ya yi imanin cewa (wanda ake zargi) yana aikata <ya kusan aikata> laifin (laifi) a cikin <a> gidan wanda ake tuhuma. # Imani na wanda ake tuhuma yana da ma'ana. # Wanda ake tuhuma bai yi amfani da karfi fiye da yadda ya kamata ya kare kansa daga halin (wanda aka azabtar). Tsaron dukiya shine karewa, kuma dole ne a sami wanda ake tuhuma ba shi da laifi idan duk abubuwan da suka biyo baya guda uku suna nan: # Wanda ake tuhuma ya yi imanin cewa (wanda ake zargi) yana tsoma baki ba bisa ka'ida ba <yana gab da tsoma baki ba tare da doka ba> tare da dukiya. # Imani na wanda ake tuhuma yana da ma'ana. # Wanda ake tuhuma bai yi amfani da karfi fiye da yadda ya kamata ba don karewa daga tsangwama daga wanda aka azabtar da dukiyar. "Mutum ba zai iya amfani da karfi mai kisa don kare dukiyarsa ba. karfi mai kisa shine adadin karfi da aka lissafa don haifar da mutuwa ko mummunan rauni a jiki. " == Umurnin Juri na Tsarin Tsaro a cikin Shari'o'in Jama'a == Maryland Civil Pattern Jury Instruction 15:4 (a) & (b) ya ce: {{Blockquote|(a) In this section, "person" does not include a governmental entity. (b) A person is not liable for damages for a personal injury or death of an individual who enters the person's dwelling or place of business if: {{quote|(1) The person reasonably believes that force or deadly force is necessary to repel an attack by the individual; and (2) The amount and nature of the force used by the person is reasonable under the circumstances.}} (c) Subsection (b) of this section does not apply to a person who is convicted of a crime of violence under § 14-101 of the Criminal Law Article, assault in the second degree, or reckless endangerment arising out of the circumstances described in subsection (b) of this section. (d) The court may award costs and reasonable attorney's fees to a defendant who prevails in a defense under this section. (e) This section does not limit or abrogate any immunity from civil liability or defense available to a person under any other provision of the Code or at common law.<ref>[http://mlis.state.md.us/asp/statutes_respond.asp?article=gcj&section=5-808&Extension=HTML § 5-808. Civil immunity for defense of dwelling or place of business]</ref>}} == Rashin rigakafin jama'a == Duk da yake amfani da karfi a kare kansa na iya zama mai adalci, mutumin da ke kare kansa ko kansa har yanzu yana cikin haɗarin kai masa karar don lalacewar kuɗi. A shekara ta 2010, Babban Taron Maryland ya wuce, kuma Gwamna Martin O'Malley ya sanya hannu, wani lissafi don magance wannan batun da kuma samar da kariya ga irin waɗannan shari'o'in farar hula a wasu lokuta inda mutum ya yi amfani da karfi, gami da karfi mai kisa, don kare gidansa ko kasuwancinsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Delegate Mike Smigiel |date=2010-05-21 |title=Maryland Governor Signs "Castle Doctrine" Bill |url=http://delegatemike.com/?p=2298 |access-date=2010-05-21}}</ref> Dokar - § 5-808 na Kotuna da Ayyukan Shari'a Mataki na Dokar Maryland - ya ba da kamar haka: {{Reflist}} Dokar ta tsara dokar kare kai ta yau da kullun. Ana iya jayayya cewa dokar ta sa "Castle Doctrine" ta dace da ayyukan da aka yi don kare kasuwancin mutum. Amma dokar ba ta bayyana a wannan batu ba, saboda abin da ake buƙata cewa karfi ta kasance "mai ma'ana a ƙarƙashin yanayi" da kuma rashin takamaiman harshe yana cewa wanda ake tuhuma na iya tsayawa a cikin kasuwancin. Abu mai mahimmanci, dokar ta kuma ba da cewa, idan wanda ake tuhuma ya ci nasara a cikin karewa a ƙarƙashin dokar, to kotun "zai iya" umarci mai shigar da kara ya biya kuɗin wanda ake tuhumar da kuma kuɗin lauya mai ma'ana. Dokar ta ci gaba da bayar da cewa rigakafin da ta kirkira ba ya aiki idan an yanke wa wanda ake tuhuma hukunci kan wasu tuhume-tuhumen laifi dangane da lamarin. Ta hanyar sharuddansa, dokar ba ta shafi gurfanar da laifi ba. Babban Taron ya kafa dokar shekaru tara bayan wani abin da ya faru a daren Maris 19, 2001, inda daya ko duka biyu daga cikin masu haɗin gwiwar kamfanin siminti a Glyndon, Maryland suka bude wuta a kan masu shiga tsakani uku a gidan kamfanin, suka kashe daya daga cikinsu kuma suka ji wa sauran biyu rauni. Har ila yau, an yi fashi da gidan kamfanin a cikin dare biyu da suka gabata, kuma masu haɗin gwiwa guda biyu (waɗanda su ne 'yan'uwa) suna kwana a kasuwancin don kiyaye shi. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2004, dukiya da ƙaramin ɗan marigayin sun kai karar 'yan uwan biyu da kamfaninsu don lalacewa. Dangane da bayanan kan layi na tsarin kotun Maryland, masu shigar da kara sun sauke karar a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2005. Ba a bayyana a cikin bayanan kan layi ko an warware lamarin ba. A cikin kwanaki na harbi a shekara ta 2001, an gabatar da takardun kudi a kowane ɗaki biyu na Babban Taron don kare masu kasuwanci daga karar farar hula don kisa a kan mutumin da "wanda ya shiga cikin kasuwancin ba bisa ka'ida ba". Majalisar Dattijai ta jihar ta zartar da lissafinta, amma Majalisar Wakilai ba ta dauki mataki a kan ma'auni ko a kan lissafin da aka gabatar a cikin Majalisar ba. A cikin 2004, 2005, 2008, da 2009, Majalisar Wakilai ta zartar da takardun kudi a kan batun, amma babu wani daga cikin takardun da ya fito daga kwamitin a Majalisar Dattijai ta jihar. Dokar da Majalisar Dattijai ta kafa a cikin 2010 tana da kalmomin da suka bambanta da yaren takardun da suka gabata. == Dubi kuma == * Koyarwar Castle == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 30o7fhz3bi2b1bd103hm953ymqgonsg 0 113705 828071 698481 2026-04-30T18:27:19Z BnHamid 12586 828071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shaheen Anam''', [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]], 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan adam ce ta Bangladesh kuma Babban Darakta na Gidauniyar Manusher Jonno . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-17 |title=Shaheen Anam gets prestigious UK award for social work |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/rights/news/shaheen-anam-gets-britains-honorary-mbe-3825601 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam's schedule for Women and the Right of Access to Information: Inform Women, Transform Lives |url=https://womenandtherightofaccesstoi2018.sched.com/speaker/anams |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=womenandtherightofaccesstoi2018.sched.com |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Anam tana da shekaru 19 a farkon Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh, mahaifiyarta ta ciyar da ma'aikatan Mukti Bahini a gidansu. Ɗan'uwanta memba ne na Mukti Bahini . <ref name=":2" /> Anam ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam a Jami'ar Dhaka . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam |url=https://www.taragramyatra.org/tgy2012/Speakers/Shaheen_Anam.pdf |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=taragramyatra.org}}</ref> Tana da digiri na biyu a aikin zamantakewa daga Kwalejin Hunter, Jami'ar Birnin New York . <ref name=":1" /> == Ayyuka == Daga 1999 zuwa 2002, Anam ya yi aiki a CARE Bangladesh a matsayin mai tsara aikin taimakon ambaliyar ruwa wanda [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka]] ta tallafawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam |url=https://www.taragramyatra.org/tgy2012/Speakers/Shaheen_Anam.pdf |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=taragramyatra.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.taragramyatra.org/tgy2012/Speakers/Shaheen_Anam.pdf "Shaheen Anam"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''taragramyatra.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ta sanya hannu kan wata wasika tare da wasu mata masu bincike da ke nuna rashin amincewa da cire [[Muhammad Yunus]] daga Bankin Grameen. Anam ya yi aiki ga Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Shirin Ci Gaban Majalisar Dinkinobho a Bangladesh . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam's schedule for Women and the Right of Access to Information: Inform Women, Transform Lives |url=https://womenandtherightofaccesstoi2018.sched.com/speaker/anams |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=womenandtherightofaccesstoi2018.sched.com |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://womenandtherightofaccesstoi2018.sched.com/speaker/anams "Shaheen Anam's schedule for Women and the Right of Access to Information: Inform Women, Transform Lives"]. ''womenandtherightofaccesstoi2018.sched.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-03-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> Tana da alaƙa da [[BRAC Institute of Governance and Development|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Ci Gaban BRAC]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam |url=https://bigd.bracu.ac.bd/staffprofile/shaheen-anam/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=BRAC Institute of Governance and Development |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce mai tsarawa na Cibiyar Mata ta Kudancin Asiya a kan Kwarewa, Rayuwa da Ci gaban Kasuwanci . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Skills, Livelihood and Entrepreneurship Development – South Asia Women's Network (SWAN) |url=https://www.swaninterface.net/skills-livelihood-and-entrepreneurship-development/ |access-date=2025-03-18 |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2021, an shigar da karar a kan Anam da Angela Gomes, Babban Darakta na Banchte Shekha, a Babban Kotun Shari'a ta Brahmanbaria, suna zargin cewa sun yi ƙoƙari su gyara dokar Hindu game da sha'awar al'ummar Hindu.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 October 2021 |title=Another case filed against Shaheen Anam, Angela Gomes |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/580556/Another-case-filed-against-Shaheen-Anam-Angela-Gomes |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref> Wannan ya riga ya wuce irin wannan shari'a a Kotun Babban Shari'a ta Narayanganj, inda aka umarci Ofishin Bincike na 'yan sanda da su bincika da kuma gabatar da rahoto. Anam ya sami memba na girmamawa na Mafi Kyawun Dokar Daular Burtaniya daga gwamnatin Ingila a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam gets Britain's honorary MBE - |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/512513 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Daily Observer}}</ref> Ta soki Kwamishinan 'yan sanda na Dhaka [[Sheikh Md Sazzat Ali]] saboda neman kafafen yada labarai kada su yi amfani da kalmar Rape . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title='Rape' should be called 'rape', NGOs say in response to DMP chief's statement |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/rape-should-be-called-rape-ngos-say-response-dmp-chiefs-statement-1094116 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma nemi gwamnatin Bangladesh da ta dauki mataki game da karuwar abubuwan da suka faru na fyade.5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaheen Anam gets Britain's honorary MBE - |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/512513 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Daily Observer}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-16 |title='Rape' should be called 'rape', NGOs say in response to DMP chief's statement |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/rape-should-be-called-rape-ngos-say-response-dmp-chiefs-statement-1094116 |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MJF strongly condemns recent rapes, violence against children, women |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/375816/mjf-strongly-condemns-recent-rapes-violence |access-date=2025-03-18 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanan littattafai == == Rayuwa ta mutum == Anam ta auri Mahfuz Anam, editan The Daily Star . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2021 |title=Another case filed against Shaheen Anam, Angela Gomes |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/580556/Another-case-filed-against-Shaheen-Anam-Angela-Gomes |access-date=18 March 2025 |website=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref> 'Yarsu, Tahmima Anam, marubuciya ce. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6c7i8m5lxa4jnhidxb8wl2nsghb4kfg 0 115823 828315 711580 2026-05-01T09:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maestra''' wani ɗan [[Documentary film|gajeren fim]] ne wanda Catherine Murphy ta jagoranta, game da '''''Malama''''' mata mafi ƙanƙanta na Kamfen na Ilimi na Cuban na 1961. A cikin 1961, Cuba ta yi niyyar kawar da jahilci a cikin shekara guda. Ya aika da masu sa kai 250,000 a duk faɗin tsibirin don koyar da karatu da rubutu a cikin yankunan karkara na shekara guda. 100,000 daga cikin masu sa kai sun kasance a ƙarƙashin 18 kuma fiye da rabin su mata ne. A shekara ta 2004, Murphy ta gano cewa ta san mata da yawa a Havana waɗanda suka ba da kansu don aikin; suna cikin shekaru 60. Murphy za ta koma Amurka, amma kafin ta yi haka, ta yanke shawarar yin rikodin tambayoyi uku tare da tsoffin masu sa kai na Kamfen na Literacy. Daga shekara ta 2004 zuwa shekara ta 2010, Murphy ya ci gaba da bin diddigin labaran masu sa kai na Kamfen na Literacy da iyalai da suka karbe su, a ƙarshe suna samarwa da kuma jagorantar Maestra kuma suna kafa The Literacy Project.<ref name="Guide2">[http://vanderbilt.edu/clas/curriculum-resources/resource.php?id=44 ''Maestra Vanderbilt Curriculum Guide'']{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Center for Latin American Studies, Vanderbilt University</ref> . Fim din ya ba da labari a Turanci ta hanyar marubucin da ya lashe kyautar Pulitzer [[Alice walker|Alice Walker]] kuma yana nuna tambayoyin Mutanen Espanya (tare da subtitles na Turanci) tare da mata tara da suka koyar a cikin Kamfen ɗin. Maestra ta gabatar da tambayoyi tare da Norma Guillard, ɗaya daga cikin matan Cuban na farko da suka kira kanta mai rajin kare mata, da Diana Balboa, ɗaya daga cikinsu na farko da aka bude a cikin al'ummar LGBT ta Cuba kuma mai ba da shawara na duniya don haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi da 'yan mata. Dukansu suna da shekaru 15 a lokacin yakin.<ref name="WMM2">[http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/pages/c863.shtml ''MAESTRA'']|Women Make Movies</ref> <ref name="PressKit2">"[http://maestrathefilm.org/index.php?mnu=6&lg=ing Press Kit]." | Maestra Official Website.</ref> == Godiya gaisuwa == Maestra ta fara ne a Amurka a watan Afrilun 2011 tare da nunawa biyu a San Francisco, CA.<ref name="KPFA2">"[http://www.kpfa.org/events/us-premiere-cuban-documentary-maestra-teacher-1961-cuban-literacy-campaign-transforming-cuban U.S. Premier of Cuban Documentary Maestra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606232235/http://www.kpfa.org/events/us-premiere-cuban-documentary-maestra-teacher-1961-cuban-literacy-campaign-transforming-cuban|date=2014-06-06}}." KPFA.org. 6 April 2011.</ref> Fim din ya lashe kyaututtuka masu zuwa: * Bikin Fim na Black Maria, wanda ya lashe kyautar Zaɓin Darakta * Bikin Fim na Ojai, Mention Mai Girma Maestra ta nuna a bukukuwan fina-finai masu zuwa: ==Yabo== ''Maestra'' premiered in the United States in April 2011 with two screenings in San Francisco, CA.<ref name=KPFA>"[http://www.kpfa.org/events/us-premiere-cuban-documentary-maestra-teacher-1961-cuban-literacy-campaign-transforming-cuban U.S. Premier of Cuban Documentary Maestra] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606232235/http://www.kpfa.org/events/us-premiere-cuban-documentary-maestra-teacher-1961-cuban-literacy-campaign-transforming-cuban |date=2014-06-06 }}." KPFA.org. 6 April 2011.</ref> The film has won the following awards:<ref name=WMM /> * Black Maria Film Festival, winner Director's Choice Award * Ojai Film Festival, Honorable Mention ''Maestra'' has screened at the following film festivals: * Workers Unite! Film Festival, New York City, NY, USA, May 2014<ref name=WUFF>"[http://www.workersunitefilmfestival.org/films-and-directors-2014/ Films & Directors 2014] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513203210/http://www.workersunitefilmfestival.org/films-and-directors-2014/ |date=2014-05-13 }}." Workers Unite! Film Festival. 2014.</ref> * Workers Film Festival, San Diego, CA, USA, 2014<ref name=WFF>"[http://brianmyers.info/mayday/2014/03/07/maestra/ Maestra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061330/http://brianmyers.info/mayday/2014/03/07/maestra/ |date=2016-03-04 }}." Workers Film Festival. 2014.</ref> * [[Sarasota Film Festival]], Sarasota, FL, USA, April 2014<ref name=SFF>"[http://prod5.agileticketing.net/websales/pages/info.aspx?evtinfo=21968~e8df1855-1d30-40e1-8284-23972b047cf9& MAESTRA]". Sarasota Film Festival. 2014.</ref> * New Hampshire Film Festival, Portsmouth, NH, USA, 2013<ref name=NHFF>"[https://www.nhfilmfestival.com/film/maestra/ Maestra]." New Hampshire Film Festival. 2013.</ref> * [[Los Angeles Latino International Film Festival]], Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2013<ref name=LALIFF>"[http://latinofilm.org/festival/?p=4447 MAESTRA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010154908/http://latinofilm.org/festival/?p=4447 |date=2014-10-10 }}." Los Angeles Latino International Film Festival. 30 September 2013.</ref> * Louisville's International Festival of Film, Louisville, KY, USA, 2013<ref name=LIFF>"[http://louisvillefilmfestival.org/2012-featured-films/documentary-short/maestra/ Maestra] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140605183224/http://louisvillefilmfestival.org/2012-featured-films/documentary-short/maestra/ |date=2014-06-05 }}." Louisville's International Festival of Film. 2013.</ref> * New York African Diaspora International Film Festival, New York City, NY, USA, 2013<ref name=NYADIFF>"[http://www.welcometoharlemcalendar.com/events/index.php?com=detail&eID=5414 Maestra] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830183624/http://www.welcometoharlemcalendar.com/events/index.php?com=detail&eID=5414 |date=2021-08-30 }}." New York African Diaspora International Film Festival. Fall 2013.</ref> * [[Raindance Film Festival]], London, UK, 2012<ref name=Raindance>"[http://www.raindance.org/site/index.php?id=602,9179,0,0,1,0 Maestra]." Raindance Film Festival. 2012.</ref> * [[LA Femme International Film Festival]], Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2012.<ref name=LABeat>Lynch, Tina. "[http://thelosangelesbeat.com/2012/10/maestra-at-the-la-femme-film-festival-oct-13th-a-documentary-film-by-director-catherine-murphy-gives-us-more-than-a-cuban-history-lesson/ Maestra at the LA Femme Film Festival]." ''The Los Angeles Beat''. 6 October 2012.</ref> * Legacy Media Institute International Film Festival, Petersburg, VA, USA as part of the Traveling Caribbean Showcase, 2013<ref name=LMI>"[http://legacymediainstituteinterna2013.sched.org/event/3b67a9e96ea350570a2a677e4d59582d#.U5CyQS9Kgz9 Maestra]." ''Schedule.'' Legacy Media Institute International Film Festival. 2013.</ref> * [[Traverse City Film Festival]], Traverse City, MI, USA, 2012<ref name=TCFF>"[http://secure.traversecityfilmfest.org/websales/pages/info.aspx?evtinfo=37253~4d61cd53-466a-4a38-9b0c-5dd9c77930d9& Maestra]." Traverse City Film Festival. 2012.</ref> == Rarraba == Maestra ta rarraba ta hanyar Women Make Movies, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da aka kafa a 1971 don magance rashin wakilci da rashin wakilci na mata a cikin kafofin watsa labarai wanda ke sauƙaƙa samarwa, gabatarwa, rarrabawa, da nune-nunen fina-finai masu zaman kansu ta da kuma game da mata. == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} ceafr07do3s8g8ldqfiqr2r67rh4w0o 0 115865 828292 786406 2026-05-01T07:18:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha''' (Indonesian) ma'aikaceya ne na gwamnati, na [[Government of Indonesia|Gwamnatin Indonesia]] wanda ke da alhakin ilimi, al'adu, bincike, da harkokin fasaha. An kafa ta ne daga hadewar [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi da Al'adu]] da Ma'aikatu na Bincike da Fasaha a watan Afrilun a shekara ta 2021. A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2024, a karkashin majalisar Red White, an raba ma'aikatar zuwa ma'aikatu uku: Ma'aikatan Ilimi na Firamare da na Sakandare, Ma'aikalin Ilimi mafi girma, Kimiyya da Fasaha, da Ma'aikin Al'adu. == Tarihi == === Kafawa === A ranar 30 ga Maris 2021, Shugaba [[Joko Widodo]] ya gabatar da Wasikar Shugaban kasa ga Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, wanda ya ƙunshi wani tsari don manyan canje-canje a cikin majalisar ministocin ƙasa, daya daga cikinsu shine haɗakar Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha da Ma'aikatu da Al'adu a cikin ma'aikatun da ake kira Ma'auratan Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha. Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa (Indonesia: ''Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional'', ta rage '''BRIN''') za a raba ta a matsayin sabuwar hukumar da ba ta ma'aikatar ba.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Budiman |first=Aditya |date=2021-04-09 |title=DPR Restui Keinginan Jokowi Bentuk Kementerian Investasi |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1450770/dpr-restui-keinginan-jokowi-bentuk-kementerian-investasi |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=Tempo |language=id-ID}}</ref> A ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2021, Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a ta amince da shawarar, tare da kirkirar sabuwar Ma'aikatar Zuba Jari.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramadhan |first=Ardito |last2=Rastika |first2=Icha |date=2021-04-09 |title=DPR Setujui Pembentukan Kementerian Investasi serta Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/09/12284391/dpr-setujui-pembentukan-kementerian-investasi-serta-kementerian-pendidikan |access-date=2021-04-09 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Afrilu 2021, Ali Mochtar Ngabalin, mai magana da yawun kuma kwararre na Ofishin Ma'aikatan Shugaban kasa, ya ba da sanarwar cewa za a sake fasalin na biyu na Ma'aikatar Indonesia a mako na biyu na Afrilu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=detikcom |first=Tim |title=Ngabalin: Insyaallah Reshuffle Kabinet Pekan Ini! |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5530936/ngabalin-insyaallah-reshuffle-kabinet-pekan-ini |access-date=2021-04-13 |website=detiknews |publisher=[[Detik.com|detikcom]] |language=id-ID |archive-date=2021-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413083709/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5530936/ngabalin-insyaallah-reshuffle-kabinet-pekan-ini |url-status=dead }}</ref> An sanar da sake fasalin ne a ranar 28 ga Afrilu 2021. Shi ne na farko na irin sa, saboda ba wai kawai an sake fasalin ministocin ba, amma kuma an rushe cibiyoyin majalisa a tsakiyar wa'adin. A cikin wannan sake fasalin, an nada Nadiem Makarim a matsayin Ministan Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha na farko, bisa ga Hukuncin Shugaban kasa No. 72/P/2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sekretariat Presiden |first=Biro Pers, Media dan Informasi |date=2021-04-28 |title=Presiden Jokowi Lantik Menteri Investasi, Mendikbudristek, dan Kepala BRIN |url=https://www.presidenri.go.id/siaran-pers/presiden-jokowi-lantik-menteri-investasi-mendikbudristek-dan-kepala-brin/ |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=Presiden RI |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rizqo |first=Kanavino Ahmad |date=2021-04-28 |title=Ada Reshuffle, Ini Daftar Pejabat yang Dilantik Jokowi Hari Ini |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5549333/ada-reshuffle-ini-daftar-pejabat-yang-dilantik-jokowi-hari-ini |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=detiknews |publisher=[[Detik.com|detikcom]] |language=id-ID |archive-date=2023-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307093244/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5549333/ada-reshuffle-ini-daftar-pejabat-yang-dilantik-jokowi-hari-ini |url-status=dead }}</ref> A wannan rana, Shugaban ya amince da ma'aikatar a matsayin daya daga cikin ma'aikatu talatin da hudu na gwamnatin Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nurita |first=Dewi |date=30 April 2021 |title=Jokowi Keluarkan Perpres 32/2021 soal Kemendikbud-Ristek |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1458134/jokowi-keluarkan-perpres-322021-soal-kemendikbud-ristek |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=Tempo.co}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin 2021, Shugaba Joko Widodo ya ba da takardar kafa ta dindindin ta ma'aikatar, Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62/2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nurita |first=Dewi |last2=Persada |first2=Syailendra |date=2021-07-30 |title=Jokowi Terbitkan Perpres, Bentuk Dirjen Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset, dan Teknologi |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1489209/jokowi-terbitkan-perpres-bentuk-dirjen-pendidikan-tinggi-riset-dan-teknologi |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=Tempo |language=id}}</ref> Dokar kanta ta koma ranar 15 ga Yulin 2021. Hasto Kristiyanto, Babban Sakataren Jam'iyyar Democrat ta Indonesiya, ya yaba da matakin. Ya bayyana fatansa cewa, tare da haɗuwa, BRIN mai zaman kanta yanzu zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen hanzarta ci gaban bincike a Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Waspada |date=2021-04-10 |title=PDIP Apresiasi Peleburan Kemendikbud Dan Kemenristek |url=https://waspada.id/pendidikan/pdip-apresiasi-peleburan-kemendikbud-dan-kemenristek/ |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Waspada |language=id-ID |archive-date=2021-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410074826/https://waspada.id/pendidikan/pdip-apresiasi-peleburan-kemendikbud-dan-kemenristek/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mataimakin Shugaban Hukumar X a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, Hetifah Syaifudian na Golkar, shi ma ya yaba da matakin. Ta yi sharhi cewa haɗuwa na iya taimakawa haɗin gwiwar bincike tsakanin masana kimiyya da hukumomin bincike.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Felisiani |first=Theresia |date=2021-04-10 |title=Bambang Pamit Sebagai Menristek, Jokowi Bentuk Kementerian Investasi, Isu Reshuffle Menggema |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/04/10/bambang-pamit-sebagai-menristek-jokowi-bentuk-kementerian-investasi-isu-reshuffle-menggema |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> ==== Rashin amincewa ==== Mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar Prosperous Justice Party a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a Mulyanto daga 'yan adawa ya soki shawarar, yana mai cewa canjin bai yi tasiri ba. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa gwamnati ba ta koyi daga haɗuwa da [[Ministry of Research and Technology|Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha]] da Babban Darakta na Ilimi mafi girma ba, wanda ya kafa Ma'aikatu na Bincike, Fasaha, da Ilimi mafi Girma. Duk da yake haɗuwa ta yi nasara, Mulyanto ya yi iƙirarin cewa ma'aikatar ba ta da tasiri lokacin da aka haɗa ta don gudanar da bincike da ci gaban fasaha da harkokin ilimi. Ya kuma ambaci cewa a cikin majalisar ministocin da ta gabata, tsarin ƙaura da daidaitawa a cikin sabuwar ma'aikatar ya buƙaci aƙalla shekaru uku. Ba wai kawai haka ba, kasancewar Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa da ba ta ma'aikatar ba don daidaitawa da sauƙaƙe bincike da ci gaba na jihar zai haifar da haɗuwa da wasu ayyukan ma'aikalin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramadhan |first=Ardito |last2=Krisiandi |date=2021-04-09 |title=Kemenristek dan Kemendikbud Bakal Dilebur, F-PKS: Keputusan Sangat Membingungkan |url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/04/09/18394751/kemenristek-dan-kemendikbud-bakal-dilebur-f-pks-keputusan-sangat |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref> Har ila yau, hadin gwiwar da ke mulki sun nuna zargi. Yayinda Shugaban Hukumar X a Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, Syaiful Huda na Jam'iyyar National Awakening, ya yaba da matakin, ya soki lokacin da aka kafa sabuwar ma'aikatar, wanda ya faru a tsakiyar wa'adin na biyu na gwamnatin da ke mulki, lokacin da aka yi irin wannan babban canji a baya. Da yake ambaton batun dogon lokaci na ƙaura da daidaitawa, Huda ya bukaci a yi tsarin sauyawa da wuri-wuri, a cikin matsakaicin lokacin shekara guda bayan kafa sabuwar ma'aikatar, yana jaddada muhimmancin bincike a lokacin annobar COVID-19. Ya kuma yi sharhi cewa irin wannan haɗuwa zai sanya nauyi ga sabuwar ma'aikatar saboda duka ma'aikatu biyu da suka gabata suna da ma'ana daban-daban.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sumantri |first=Arga |date=2021-04-09 |title=Peleburan Kemenristek, Komisi X Dorong Percepatan Masa Transisi |url=https://www.medcom.id/pendidikan/news-pendidikan/Wb7xoDdk-peleburan-kemenristek-komisi-x-dorong-percepatan-masa-transisi |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=Medcom.id}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Bayan fitowar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62/2021, jami'an ma'aikatar sun soki kafa Babban Darakta na Ilimi, Bincike, da Fasaha. Wani jami'i daga Ma'aikatar Kula da Inganci, Johannes Gunawan, ya soki gwamnati saboda rashin koyo daga gazawar da ta gabata, yana mai ambaton rashin kula da kwararru a baya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CNN Indonesia |date=2021-07-30 |title=Jokowi Gabungkan Ristek dan Dikti dalam Satu Ditjen |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210730152708-32-674382/jokowi-gabungkan-ristek-dan-dikti-dalam-satu-ditjen |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=CNN Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref> === Canjin Tsarin Mulki na 2022 === A cikin 2022, ma'aikatar ta fara zaɓuɓɓukan manufofin tsarin karatu a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙoƙarin rage asarar ilmantarwa kuma a matsayin hanyar dawo da ilmantarwa. Ma'aikatar ta samar da zaɓuɓɓuka uku don ƙungiyoyin ilimi don aiwatar da tsarin karatun da ya danganci Ka'idodin Ilimi na Kasa wanda ya dace da bukatun ilmantarwa da mahallin kowane ɗayan ilimi. Zaɓuɓɓuka uku sune kamar haka: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pemulihan Pembelajaran |trans-title=Learning Recovery |url=https://kurikulum.kemdikbud.go.id/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=Sistem Informasi Kurikulum Nasional |publisher=Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran, Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi |language=id }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * ta amfani da Tsarin Mulki na 2013 gaba ɗaya * ta amfani da Tsarin Nazarin Gaggawa * ta amfani da Tsarin Nazarin Mai Zaman Kanta The ministry launched the Independent Curriculum (Indonesian: Kurikulum Merdeka) as part of learning activities' recovery process. The curriculum was designed to be more flexible, focus on essential material, and develop students' character and competence. The main characteristics of this curriculum that support learning recovery are:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kurikulum Merdeka |url=https://kurikulum.kemdikbud.go.id/kurikulum-merdeka/ |access-date=13 March 2022 |website=Sistem Informasi Kurikulum Nasional |publisher=Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran, Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409054702/https://kurikulum.kemdikbud.go.id/kurikulum-merdeka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Koyon da aka samo asali don ƙwarewa mai laushi da ci gaban hali bisa ga bayanan ɗaliban Pancasila * Ka mai da hankali kan kayan da ke da mahimmanci don samun isasshen lokaci don nazarin zurfi na ƙwarewar asali kamar karatu da rubutu da lissafi. * Sauƙin malamai don aiwatar da ilmantarwa daban-daban bisa ga iyawar ɗalibai da yin gyare-gyare ga mahallin gida da abun ciki. === 2022 Bayyanawar Ƙungiyar Inuwa === Ba kamar sauran ma'aikatu a Indonesia ba, Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha suna da ƙungiyar inuwa a waje da tsarin ta, wanda yake da girma sosai kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin manufofin ma'aikatun da kuma fitarwa. An bayyana kasancewar kungiyar inuwa a watan Satumbar 2022. An bayyana kungiyar a matsayin "baƙon abu kuma ba daidai ba" tare da kusan mambobi 400, wanda ya dace da girman Babban Darakta na ma'aikatar, daga manajojin samfur, masana kimiyya, da injiniyoyin software. Kungiyar inuwa ta yi wasu ayyukan bincike da ci gaba a madadin Ma'aikatar. Kasancewar kungiyar ta ba da mamaki ga 'yan Indonesiya da yawa, kamar yadda a karo na farko a cikin siyasar Indonesiya wata ma'aikatar ta yi amfani da ƙungiyar inuwa. Don bayyanawa, Nadiem ya tabbatar da wanzuwar kungiyar inuwa da kungiyar inuwa a zahiri hadin gwiwar shari'a tsakanin ma'aikatar tare da GovTech Edu, wani kamfani na jihar na Telkom.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Putri |first=Melani Hermalia |title=Shadow Team Kemendibud: Dibanggakan Nadiem di PBB, Dikritik DPR |url=https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/melani-hermalia-putri/shadow-team-kemendibud-dibanggakan-nadiem-di-pbb-dikritik-dpr |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=IDN Times |language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadiem Ternyata Rekrut 400 Orang, DPR Persoalkan Tim Bayangan Bentukan Mendikbud Ristek |url=https://belitung.tribunnews.com/2022/09/27/nadiem-ternyata-rekrut-400-orang-dpr-persoalkan-tim-bayangan-bentukan-mendikbud-ristek |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Posbelitung.co |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nadiem Buka-bukaan soal Polemik 400 Anggota Tim Bayangan Kemendikbud |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220927080644-20-853015/nadiem-buka-bukaan-soal-polemik-400-anggota-tim-bayangan-kemendikbud |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=nasional |publisher=[[CNN Indonesia]] |language=id-ID}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-27 |title=Nadiem Makarim Blak-blakan Sosok 'Shadow Team' di Belakangnya |url=https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20220927/15/1581624/nadiem-makarim-blak-blakan-sosok-shadow-team-di-belakangnya |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=Bisnis.com |language=id}}</ref> Irin wannan yunkuri ya soki Majalisar Wakilai ta Jama'a, <ref name=":5" /> da kuma kungiyoyin jama'a da ke ba da shawarar jin daɗin malamai da ilimi. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Larasati |first=Citra |date=2022-09-23 |others=medcom id developer |title=P2G Desak BPK Soroti Keberadaan 400 Orang di Tim Bayangan Kemendikbudristek |url=https://www.medcom.id/pendidikan/news-pendidikan/ob3X48ok-p2g-desak-bpk-soroti-keberadaan-400-orang-di-tim-bayangan-kemendikbudristek |access-date=2022-09-27 |website=medcom.id |language=id}}</ref> Masu sukar sun soki cewa irin wannan yunkuri "ya lalacewa" ne kuma "rashin girmamawa" ga dubban albarkatun ɗan adam na asali da ma'aikatar ta yi amfani da su. <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":6" /> === Binciken shekarar 2025 game da cin zarafin Chromebook === Tun daga watan Mayu 2025, Ofishin Babban Lauyan Indonesia a halin yanzu yana binciken abin kunya da ya shafi sayen kwamfyutocin Chromebook tsakanin 2019 da 2023. <ref name="liputan6">{{Cite web |title=Modus Korupsi Chromebook Senilai Rp9,9 Triliun di Kemendikbudristek |url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/6036259/modus-korupsi-chromebook-senilai-rp99-triliun-di-kemendikbudristek |access-date=2025-05-28 |website=liputan6.com}}</ref> Ministan ilimi, al'adu, bincike, da fasaha, wanda shugaban kasa ya nada a kansa, ya kasance ta hanyar Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62 na 2021. Shugaban Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha, a karkashin kuma yana da alhakin shugaban kasa. Dokar ta kuma kirkiro Ofishin Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha, kodayake a halin yanzu babu shi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rizqo |first=Kanavino Ahmad |date=2021-07-31 |title=Jokowi Teken Perpres yang Atur Posisi Wamen Kemendikbud-Ristek |url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5662892/jokowi-teken-perpres-yang-atur-posisi-wamen-kemendikbud-ristek |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=detiknews |publisher=[[Detik.com|detikcom]] |language=id-ID |archive-date=2021-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730061650/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5662892/jokowi-teken-perpres-yang-atur-posisi-wamen-kemendikbud-ristek |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Fayil:Gedung_Kemendikbud_(30330589815).jpg|thumb|Gine-gine na Babban Darakta na Ilimi, Bincike, da Fasaha]] Da farko, tsarin tsarin ma'aikatar ya haɗu kai tsaye ne na tsarin ma'aikatan ministoci biyu da suka gabata. Koyaya, an ɗauki tsarin ya yi yawa kuma ba shi da tasiri. Tsarin Ma'aikatar ya fadada ta hanyar Dokar Ma'aikatu No. 28/2021, kuma an sabunta shi tare da Dokar Ma'aikata No. 16/2024 cikin: {{Columns-list|*Office of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology *Special Advisor on Institutional and Public Relationship *Special Advisor on Innovation *Special Advisor on Regulation *Special Advisor on Talent Management *Special Advisor on Cultural Heritage *Office of Secretariat General **Bureau of Planning **Bureau of Finance and State Owned Assets **Bureau of Human Resources Affairs **Bureau of Organization and Institutional Management **Bureau of Legal Affair **Bureau of Cooperation and Public Relations **Bureau of General Affair and Procurement of Goods and Services *Directorate General of Teacher and Education Personnel **Secretariat of Directorate General of Teacher and Education Personnel **Directorate of Professional Development of Teacher **Directorate of Teacher for Early Childhood Education and Community Education **Directorate of School Principals, School Supervisor, and Education Personnel **Directorate of Teacher for Primary Education and Secondary Education **Directorate of Teacher for Second Secondary Education and Special Education **Technical Implementation Units *** Professional Development Center for Educators of North Sumatera Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Java Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Central Java Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of East Java Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Yogyakarta Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of South Sulawesi Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Aceh Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Sumatera Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Riau Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Jambi Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Lampung Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Banten Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Bali Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Nusa Tenggara Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of East Nusa Tenggara Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Kalimantan Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of East Kalimantan Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of South Kalimantan Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Central Kalimantan Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of North Sulawesi Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Southeast Sulawesi Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Central Sulawesi Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Maluku Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Papua Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Papua Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Riau Islands Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Bangka Belitung Islands Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Papua Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of North Kalimantan Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of West Sulawesi Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of Gorontalo Province *** Professional Development Center for Educators of North Maluku Province *Directorate General of Early Childhood Education, Primary Education, and Secondary Education **Secretariat of Directorate General of Early Childhood Education, Primary Education, and Secondary Education **Directorate of Early Childhood Education **Directorate of Primary School **Directorate of Secondary School **Directorate of Second Secondary School **Directorate of Community Education and Special Education **Technical Implementation Units *** Education Quality Assurance Center of West Sumatera Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of West Java Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Central Java Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of East Java Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of South Sulawesi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Aceh Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of North Sumatera Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Riau Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Riau Islands Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Jambi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Bengkulu Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Bangka Belitung Islands Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of South Sumatera Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Lampung Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Banten Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of DKI Jakarta Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of DI Yogyakarta Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Bali Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of West Nusa Tenggara Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of East Nusa Tenggara Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of West Kalimantan Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of East Kalimantan Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of South Kalimantan Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Central Kalimantan Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of North Sulawesi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Southeast Sulawesi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Central Sulawesi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of North Kalimantan Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of West Sulawesi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of South Sulawesi Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Gorontalo Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Maluku Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of North Maluku Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of Papua Province *** Education Quality Assurance Center of West Papua Province *Directorate General of Vocational Education **Secretariat of Directorate General for Vocational Education **Directorate of Vocational Secondary School **Directorate of Academic Vocational Higher Education **Directorate of Institutions and Resources of Vocational Higher Education **Directorate of Courses and Training **Directorate of Partnership and Alignment of Vocational Education with Business and Industry **Technical Implementation Units *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Arts and Culture *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Construction and Electricity *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Business and Tourism *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Agriculture *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Automotive and Electronics *** Quality Assurance Development Center for Vocational Education in Maritime, Fisheries, Information and Communication Technology *Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology **Secretariat of Directorate General for Higher Education, Research, and Technology **Directorate of Learning and Student Affair **Directorate of Institutional **Directorate of Resources for Higher Education **Directorate of Research, Technology, and Community Service *Directorate General of Culture **Secretariat of Directorate General of Culture **Directorate of Belief in the God Almighty and Customary Law Communities **Directorate of Film, Music, and Media **Directorate of Cultural Protection **Directorate of Culture Development and Utilization **Directorate of Cultural Human Resource and Cultural Institutions Empowerment **Technical Implementation Units *** Museum and Cultural Heritage (Indonesian Heritage Agency) *** Cultural Preservation Office Region I *** Cultural Preservation Office Region II *** Cultural Preservation Office Region III *** Cultural Preservation Office Region IV *** Cultural Preservation Office Region V *** Cultural Preservation Office Region VI *** Cultural Preservation Office Region VII *** Cultural Preservation Office Region VIII *** Cultural Preservation Office Region IX *** Cultural Preservation Office Region X *** Cultural Preservation Office Region XI *** Cultural Preservation Office Region XII *** Cultural Preservation Office Region XIII *** Cultural Preservation Office Region XIV *** Cultural Preservation Office Region XV *** Cultural Preservation Office Region XVI *** Cultural 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Development and Cultivation **Center for Development and Preservation of Language and Literature **Center for Cultivation of Language and Literature **Center for Strengthening and Empowerment of Language **Technical Implementation Units *** Language Agency of East Java Province *** Language Agency of Bali Province *** Language Agency of Aceh Province *** Language Agency of North Sumatera Province *** Language Agency of Riau Province *** Language Agency of West Sumatera Province *** Language Agency of South Sumatera Province *** Language Agency of West Java Province *** Language Agency of Central Java Province *** Language Agency of Yogyakarta Province *** Language Agency of West Kalimantan Province *** Language Agency of Central Kalimantan Province *** Language Agency of South Kalimantan Province *** Language Agency of North Sulawesi Province *** Language Agency of Central Sulawesi Province *** Language Agency of South Sulawesi Province *** Language Agency of Papua Province *** Language Agency of Jambi Province *** Language Agency of Bengkulu Province *** Language Agency of Riau Islands Province *** Language Agency of Bangka Belitung Islands Province *** Language Agency of Lampung Province *** Language Agency of Banten Province *** Language Agency of East Kalimantan Province *** Language Agency of West Nusa Tenggara Province *** Language Agency of East Nusa Tenggara Province *** Language Agency of Southeast Sulawesi Province *** Language Agency of Gorontalo Province *** Language Agency of Maluku Province *** Language Agency of North Maluku Province *Film Censorship Institution **Secretariat of Film Censorship Institution *[[Higher Education Service Institutes]] **Agency for Higher Education Service Region I **Agency for Higher Education Service Region II **Agency for Higher Education Service Region III **Agency for Higher Education Service Region IV **Agency for Higher Education Service Region V **Agency for Higher Education Service Region VI **Agency for Higher Education Service Region VII **Agency for Higher Education Service Region VIII **Agency for Higher Education Service Region IX **Agency for Higher Education Service Region X **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XI **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XII **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XIII **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XIV **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XV **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XVI **Agency for Higher Education Service Region XVII *Centers **Center for Data and Information Technology *** Center for Technology Platform Services **Center for Training of Education and Cultural Human Resources **Center for National Talent Development *** Center for Talent Development and Recognition **Center for Character Building **Center for Education Financing Services *** Center for Higher Education Funding and Financing}} An kirkiro wani karamin Ma'aikatar Bincike da Fasaha, Babban Darakta na Ilimi Mafi Girma, Bincike, da Fasaha a cikin ma'aikatun don bin Dokar Shugaban kasa No. 62/2021, don gudanarwa da tsara kimiyya, bincike, da fasaha a Indonesia bayan rushewar Ma'aikatu da Fasaha. Duk da haka, ba a bayyana daidaituwa tsakanin ma'aikatar da Hukumar Bincike da Innovation ta Kasa (BRIN) a cikin takardar da ta kafa ba. Minista Nadiem Makarim ya tabbatar da cewa BRIN abokin tarayya ne na ma'aikatar wajen gudanar da bincike, kuma ba mai bin ma'aikalin ba.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Pahlevi |first=Fahdi |date=2021-07-14 |title=Nadiem Beberkan Perbedaan Lingkup Riset di Kemendikbudristek dengan BRIN |url=https://www.tribunnews.com/nasional/2021/07/14/nadiem-beberkan-perbedaan-lingkup-riset-di-kemendikbudristek-dengan-brin |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=Tribunnews.com |language=id-ID}}</ref> Duk da yake dokar shugaban kasa ba ta raba iyakar ma'aikatar da daidaitawa tare da BRIN ba, Dokar Ministoci No. 28/2021 ta rarrabe BRIN a matsayin ƙungiya daban kuma a bayyane ta bayyana ikon ma'aikatu wajen tsara al'amuran kimiyya, bincike, da fasaha, ta tabbatar da sanarwar Makarim. Dokar ma'aikatar ta kuma tabbatar da barin Cibiyar Nazarin Archaeology ta Kasa ga BRIN . <ref name=":2" /> A matsayinta na mai kula da kimiyya, bincike, da fasaha a Indonesia, Ma'aikatar tana da matsayi don kula da shirya ka'idoji da manufofin fasaha na kimiyya, bincike da fasaha. Duk da mulkin mai kula, Ma'aikatar Ilimi, Al'adu, Bincike, da Fasaha suma suna da ayyukan bincike, amma kawai an iyakance su ga binciken ilimi. Bincike da ayyukan ci gaba na jihar, binciken dabarun gwamnati marasa ilimi, da binciken manufofi ana gudanar da su ta hanyar BRIN.<ref name=":4"/> == Sabon Zamanin == Bayan da aka rantsar da Prabowo Subianto a matsayin Shugaban Indonesia, a karkashin Red White Cabinet, an raba ma'aikatar zuwa ma'aikatu uku, akwai: Ma'aikatun Firamare da Sakandare, Ma'aikalin Ilimi mafi girma, Kimiyya da Fasaha, da Ma'aikin Al'adu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Savitri |first=Devita |title=Kemendikbudristek Dipecah Jadi 3, Para Menteri Baru Akan Berkantor Di Mana? |url=https://www.detik.com/edu/edutainment/d-7599789/kemendikbudristek-dipecah-jadi-3-para-menteri-baru-akan-berkantor-di-mana |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=detikedu |language=id-ID |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207095531/https://www.detik.com/edu/edutainment/d-7599789/kemendikbudristek-dipecah-jadi-3-para-menteri-baru-akan-berkantor-di-mana |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ma'aikatar Indonesia * Jerin ma'aikatun gwamnati na Indonesia == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jdg7xwn8urtv24jbpchkj4agcvquj0n 0 116188 828205 713396 2026-05-01T00:50:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lily Ann Granderson''' (c. 1816-1889) malamar ilimi ce ‘yar Amurka. An haife ta a matsayin baiwa a Virginia a shekarar 1816. Ana kuma saninta da suna Milla Granderson. Malama ce ta farko wadda ta koyar da sauran bayi yadda ake karatu, kuma ta taka rawa wajen kafa Jami’ar Jackson State University.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Milla Granson |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/milla_granson |access-date=2023-05-02 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-07 |title=Granson, Milla [Lilly Ann Granderson] · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/387 |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=nkaa.uky.edu}}</ref><ref name="Schneider2">{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Dorothy|title=Slavery in America|year=2007|publisher=Facts On File|location=New York|isbn=978-0816062416|page=363|edition=Revised|author2=Schneider, Carl J.}}</ref><ref name="Behrend2">{{cite web |last=Behrend |first=Justin |title=Lily Ann Granderson |url=http://www.slave-studies.net/narratives/bio_lily_ann_granderson.html |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206223029/http://slave-studies.net/narratives/bio_lily_ann_granderson.html |archivedate=6 December 2013 |accessdate=30 August 2013 |work=Slavery in America}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Kakar Lily Ann Granderson mace ce mai 'yanci daga asalin ƙasar Amirka.<ref name="Schneider">{{Cite book}}</ref><ref name="Behrend">{{Cite web |last=Behrend |first=Justin |title=Lily Ann Granderson |url=http://www.slave-studies.net/narratives/bio_lily_ann_granderson.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206223029/http://slave-studies.net/narratives/bio_lily_ann_granderson.html |archive-date=6 December 2013 |access-date=30 August 2013 |website=Slavery in America}}</ref> Bayan ta mutu, an sayar da mahaifiyar Granderson zuwa bautar tana da shekaru uku. Ba a san komai game da mahaifin Granderson ba, sai dai cewa shi fari ne daga ɗayan Iyalai na farko na Virginia (FFV). Daga baya, bayan ta haifi Granderson, mahaifiyarta ta koma [[Kentucky]] inda aka bautar Granderson da ke yin aikin gida. Granderson da dangin maigidan sun kasance kusa, har ma 'ya'yan maigidan sun koya mata yadda ake karatu da rubutu, hanyar da bayi ke amfani da ita don samun karatu da rubutu.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=A Shining Thread of Hope: The History of Black Women in America|last=Hine|first=Darlene Clark|publisher=Broadway Books|year=1998|isbn=0-7679-0110-X|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/shiningthreadofh00hine/page/74 74]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/shiningthreadofh00hine/page/74}}</ref> Lokacin da ubangijin ta mutu, an tura Granderson zuwa [[Mississippi (jiha)|Mississippi]] inda aka sayar da ita ga wani bawa. A kan wannan shuka, Granderson ta yi aiki a cikin filayen, wanda ya sa ta yi rashin lafiya. Ta nemi a cire ta daga filin kuma a sanya ta a wani wuri inda aikin ba zai sanya damuwa ga lafiyarta ba. Maigidan bawa ya ba ta izinin yin aiki a cikin kicin a gidansa. A cikin wannan matsayi, ana buƙatar Granderson ya yi tafiya zuwa gari daga gonar kowace rana, saboda gidan maigidan bawa ba kai tsaye a gonar ba amma a cikin gari. A wannan lokacin ne Granderson ta bude makarantar ta ga bayi.<ref name="Behrend"/> == Gudummawa da gado == Granderson ta yi amfani da tafiye-tafiyenta zuwa gari don fara makarantar ta ga bayi.<ref name="Behrend"/> Ya saba wa doka a Mississippi don ilimantar da bayi saboda tsoron 'yan tawaye da masu gudu. Don kauce wa wannan doka, Granderson ya gudanar da azuzuwan da daddare, lokacin da yara bayi za su iya fita don halartar azuzuwan. Girman aji ya iyakance ga yara goma sha biyu a lokaci guda. Bayan yaran sun koyi yadda ake karatu da rubutu, sai suka "ƙware," suna ba da damar wasu yara goma sha biyu. Granderson ya yi aiki da wannan aji na kimanin shekaru bakwai ba tare da an gano shi ba.<ref name="Schneider" /> Magana ta fito ne game da wannan aji na dare ga bayi, amma babu wani hukunci ga ayyukan Granderson. Kodayake akwai doka game da ilimin bayi, akwai wata matsala a cikin wannan dokar Mississippi da ta shafi shari'ar Granderson. Duk da yake ya saba wa dokar Mississippi ga fararen mutane da 'yanci bayi su ilimantar da wani bawa, dokar ba ta hana bayi ilimantar da wasu bayi ba.<ref name="Haviland" /> A sakamakon wannan, Granderson ta warke daga wannan koma baya kuma ta bude makarantar Asabar ban da makarantar dare.<ref name="Haviland" /> Ta hanyar kokarin da ta yi, daruruwan dalibai sun zama masu karatu da rubutu kuma sun sami damar amfani da karatunsu don samun 'yanci.<ref name="Haviland2">{{cite book|last=Haviland|first=Laura S|title=A woman's life-work labors and experiences of Laura S. Haviland|year=1882|publisher=Walden & Stowe|location=Cincinnati|pages=300–301}}</ref> Har ila yau, an amince da ita tare da tasiri sosai ga kirkirar abin da ke Jami'ar Jihar Jackson a yau (wanda aka fi sani da Natchez Seminary). <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2018-08-07 |title=Granson, Milla [Lilly Ann Granderson] · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database |url=https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/387 |access-date=2020-10-08 |website=nkaa.uky.edu}}</ref> A shekara 54 da haihuwa, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Afirka na farko da suka buɗe asusun a Bankin Freedman.<ref name="Behrend"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brooklyn Museum: Milla Granson |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/heritage_floor/milla_granson |access-date=2020-09-21 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Granderson ya auri Oliver Granderson kuma yana da 'ya'ya biyu.<ref name=":1"/> Bayan mutuwarta a shekara ta 1889, an binne ta a Kabari na Natchez City . <ref name=":1" /> == Bayanan da aka ambata == c5s13pxedl5ycx68co1400eebuzswsn 0 117328 828295 733344 2026-05-01T07:38:57Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}    '''Ma'aikatar Lafiya''' ( '''MoH''' ) ita ce ma'aikatar gwamnati ta [[Ghana]] da ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar 'yan Ghana . Tana da hannu wajen samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a, kula da masana'antar kiwon lafiya ta Ghana, da gina [[Asibiti|asibitoci]] da [[Ilimin likita|tsarin ilimin likitanci]] na Ghana . Babban ofisoshin ma'aikatar suna cikin [[Accra]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry, Contact us |url=http://www.moh-ghana.org/moh/contact_us/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204713/http://www.moh-ghana.org/moh/contact_us/ |archive-date=2009-03-03 |access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref> Ma'aikatar tana da alhakin duk batutuwan da suka shafi kiwon lafiya a Ghana. Yana da alhakin isar da sabis na kiwon lafiya na jama'a kai tsaye ko samarwa a cikin ƙasar. Koyaya, tare da aiwatar da ACT 525 na majalisa, an ba da ayyukan gabatarwa, rigakafi, warkarwa da kulawa ga Hukumar Lafiya da Asibitocin Koyarwa ta Ghana. Saboda haka, ma'aikatar yanzu tana da alhakin tsara manufofi kawai, saka idanu da kimantawa, tattara albarkatu da tsara isar da sabis na kiwon lafiya a kasar. == Hukumomi == Hukumomin ma'aikatar sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry, Agencies, Statutory and Regulatory Bodies |url=http://www.moh-ghana.org/moh/service_delivery/default.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301202809/http://www.moh-ghana.org/moh/service_delivery/default.asp |archive-date=2009-03-01 |access-date=2009-01-19}}</ref> * Majalisar Likitoci da Likitoci ta Ghana * Majalisar Pharmacy ta Ghana * Nurses da masu juna biyu na Ghana * Majalisar Magunguna ta Sauran Magunguna * Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna * Asibitoci masu zaman kansu da Gidajen Maternity * Hukumar Inshorar Lafiya ta Kasa * Shirin Magunguna na Kasa na Ghana * Hukumar Lafiya ta Ghana * [[Allied Health Professions Council|Kwamitin Ayyukan Lafiya na Allied]] * [[Occupational Therapy Association Of Ghana|Kungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Ghana]] * Ofishin Ambulance na Kasa na Ghana == Ayyuka == === Gine-gine da Kayan aiki na Asibitin Jami'ar 597-Bed A Legon === Tsohon Shugaban kasar John Dramani Mahama ya kaddamar da Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Ghana (UGMC) a cikin 2016. Asibitin, tare da damar gadaje 597, an fara shi ne a cikin 2012. Bayan ya fita daga ofis a shekarar 2017, an bar aikin ba tare da aiki ba har sai majalisar ta ba da amincewar dala miliyan 50 don kammala sauran gine-gine a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Ghana (UGMC). <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Ampomah |first=Samuel |date=2018-04-11 |title=Parliament approves $50m to complete UG Medical Centre - Hon. Minister for Health |url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/parliament-approves-50m-to-complete-ug-medical-centre-hon-minister-for-health/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Ministry Of Health |language=en-US}}</ref> Mista Agyemang-Manu, Ministan Lafiya ya kuma tabbatar wa 'yan Ghana cewa gwamnati ta sadaukar da kanta don isar da ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya da ababen more rayuwa. Ya jaddada cewa babu wata dama da za a yi watsi da ita ko kuma a daidaita ta.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Ampomah |first=Samuel |date=2018-04-11 |title=Parliament approves $50m to complete UG Medical Centre - Hon. Minister for Health |url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/parliament-approves-50m-to-complete-ug-medical-centre-hon-minister-for-health/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Ministry Of Health |language=en-US}}</ref> === Aiwatar da Shirin E-Health na Kasa === Ma'aikatar ce ta fara wannan aikin don sauƙaƙe ƙalubalen asibitoci wajen sarrafa bayanan marasa lafiya da bayanai masu mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ampomah |first=Samuel |date=2022-12-22 |title=National E-Health Project with Bio-surveillance (Early Warning) System |url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/national-e-health-project-with-bio-surveillance-early-warning-system/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Ministry Of Health |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ma'aikata == [[Kwaku Agyemang-Manu]] - Minista (2023) <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Moh.Gov.gh |url=https://www.moh.gov.gh/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Ministry Of Health |language=en-US}}</ref> Victor Asare Bampoe - Mataimakin Minista (2014 -2017) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-29 |title=Dr Victor Bampoe is Nigeria's UNAIDS country director |url=https://ghanahealthnest.com/dr-victor-bampoe-is-nigerias-unaids-country-director/ |access-date=2021-04-21 |website=GhanaHealthNest |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421200442/https://ghanahealthnest.com/dr-victor-bampoe-is-nigerias-unaids-country-director/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bernard Okoe-Boye - Mataimakin Minista (2020 -2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-21 |title=Oko Boye Sworn In |url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/oko-boye-sworn-in/ |access-date=2020-04-29 |website=DailyGuide Network |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-17 |title=JoyNews hosts Deputy Health Minister, virologist, others on ‘Beyond The Lockdown’ tonight |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/joynews-hosts-deputy-health-minister-virologist-others-on-beyond-the-lockdown-tonight/ |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820110930/https://myjoyonline.com/news/national/joynews-hosts-deputy-health-minister-virologist-others-on-beyond-the-lockdown-tonight/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == gdvt04tz4xe8r7ogxbrlsey6flzyjpd 0 118746 827966 786054 2026-04-30T12:57:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Society for Family Health (SFH) kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Afirka (NGO), wacce aka kafa a 1983 kuma aka kafa ta a 1985.<ref name="SFHAbout">{{Cite web |title=About Us – SFH |url=https://sfhglobal.org/about-us/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810144917/https://sfhglobal.org/about-us/ |archive-date=2022-08-10 |access-date=2025-08-14}}</ref> Kungiyar ta kafa ta ne daga fitattun 'yan Najeriya guda uku, Farfesa Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, Mallam Dahiru Wali, da Hon. Justice Ifeyinwa Nzeako . <ref name="Founders">{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2019 |title=Idogho appointed new managing director for SFH |url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/idogho-appointed-new-managing-director-for-sfh/}}</ref> Society for Family Health (SFH) babbar kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Najeriya wacce ke aiwatar da sa hannun kiwon lafiyar jama'a a fadin manyan fannoni da yawa. Shirin da aka mayar da hankali ya hada da rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro da magani - inganta amfani da gwaje-gwaje masu saurin ganewa da microscopy, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/MIS8/MIS8.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623020113/http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/mis8/mis8.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-23}}</ref> rigakafin cutar kanjamau da tarin fuka (TB) rigakafin yaduwar uwa zuwa yaro), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---ilo_aids/documents/legaldocument/wcms_532857.pdf |website=www.ilo.org}}</ref> shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya na matasa, kiwon lafiya da tsarin iyali (RH / FP), manufofin kiwon lafiya le kudade, karfafa tsarin magani, da bincike da tsarin kiwon lafiya. Bugu da kari, SFH tana aiwatar da shirye-shirye kan tantancewar cutar kansa da rigakafi, kuma tana inganta samun damar samun ruwa mai aminci ta hanyar ingantaccen ruwa, tsaftacewa, da ayyukan tsabta (WASH). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Safe Water System {{pipe}} The NSMC |url=https://thensmc.com/resources/showcase/safe-water-system |website=thensmc.com}}</ref> Kungiyar ta haɗa da dabarun da suka danganci shaida da hanyoyin sauya halayyar zamantakewa don fitar da sakamako mai ɗorewa na kiwon lafiya a Najeriya da kuma fadin yankin Yammacin Afirka. Don ci gaba da fadada isa da kuma tabbatar da daidaitattun damar samun kayayyakin kiwon lafiya, SFH ta kafa wani reshe, SFH Access to Health LTD / GTE. Wannan mahallin yana mai da hankali kan kara samun damar samun RMNCH-N da samfuran cututtukan da ba sa yaduwa a duk faɗin Najeriya. Yin amfani da tsarin hada-hadar kudi - gami da biyan kuɗi, kudade masu ba da gudummawa, rance, da tallafin kirkire-kirkire - yana tallafawa farashi na dogon lokaci. Ana sake samun riba daga manyan alamomi don tallafawa hanyoyin da ba su da tsada ga mutanen da ba su kula da su, suna ƙarfafa jajircewar SFH ga daidaito na kiwon lafiya a duk fadin kasar. == Tarihi == SFH kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Afirka da aka kafa a 1983 ta Mai Shari'a Ifeyinwa Nzeako, <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://sfhnigeria.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Society for Family Health Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Farfesa [[Olikoye Ransome-Kuti]], da Pharm (Mallam) Dahiru Wali . SFH ta fara ne a matsayin mai ba da sabis na jama'a na kasa da kasa (PSI) tare da tallafin HIV guda ɗaya da samfuran kiwon lafiya na haihuwa don rarrabawa a [[Najeriya]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Homepage |url=https://sfhnigeria.org/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Society for Family Health Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 1985, an kafa SFH a matsayin ƙungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba ta [[Najeriya]] kuma a cikin 1994 ta fitar da kamfen ɗin Who Get This Rain Coat Gold Circle Condom / Family Planning a talabijin na ƙasa. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ya shiga haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin magunguna don rarraba condoms na Gold Circle a [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]], [[Oyo (jiha)|Oyo]], da Ogun States, a Kudu maso Yammacin Najeriya. Ba da daɗewa ba ya haɓaka ayyukansa, ya faɗaɗa a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma ya fara tallata maganin hana daukar ciki na baki, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|USAID]]. Haɗin gwiwa tare da Ma'aikatar Ci Gaban Duniya ta Burtaniya (DFID) (yanzu Ofishin Kasashen Waje, Commonwealth da Ci Gaban) ya biyo baya wanda kuma ya mayar da hankali kan tallan condoms, magungunan hana daukar ciki na baki da injectable, da kuma mai mai amfani da ruwa.<ref name="auto"/> A shekara ta 1997, SFH tana rarraba kwaroron roba miliyan goma sha bakwai a kowace shekara, kuma a shekara ta 2009, kwaroron roba guda miliyan 200 a duk faɗin [[Najeriya]] a farashi mai tallafi. A shekara ta 2003, SFH ta ƙaddamar da shirin zazzabin cizon sauro, tare da haɗin gwiwar [https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=USAID&redirect=no USAID] USAID. An mayar da hankali kan magani da rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro - daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da mutuwar jarirai da yara a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SFH Support for International Family Planning Organizations (SIFPO2) {{!}} Interventions {{!}} Maternal Figures - Nigeria's maternal health in focus |url=https://maternalfigures.com/?ref=maternalfigures.com |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=maternalfigures.com}}</ref> Shirin zazzabin cizon sauro ya karu sosai, tare da kudade da tallafi daga Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin. A halin yanzu, an mayar da hankali kan amfani da Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACT) da kuma gudanar da gwajin ganewar asali na zazzabin cizon sauro kafin magani da kuma karfafa amfani da Nets Insecticidal na dogon lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Population Commission, & Nigeria National Malaria Control Programme |title=Nigeria Malaria Indicator Survey 2010 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/MIS8/MIS8.pdf}}</ref> A shekara ta 2005, SFH ta zama kungiyar [[Najeriya]] ta farko da ta karbi kudade kai tsaye daga Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka (USAID) don aiwatar da shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – SFH |url=https://sfhglobal.org/about-us/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=PSI-SFH |date=June 2005 |title=SFH First Nigerian NGO To Get Direct U.S. Funding |url=https://www.psi.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/nigeria2.pdf |access-date=2025-10-24 |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928144649/https://www.psi.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/nigeria2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> SFH tana aiki a kasashe biyar na Yammacin Afirka - [[Laberiya]], [[Ghana]], [[Saliyo]], Côte d'Ivoire da Najeriya. SFH tana da ofisoshin yanki 20, da ayyukan aiki 26 a duk jihohi 36 a Najeriya ciki har da [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban Birnin Tarayya]] inda kungiyar take da hedikwatar. Kungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Iyali tana tabbatar da ciki mai kyau, haihuwa mai aminci, raba yara, da kuma tsoma baki na gaggawa ga mata masu haɗari. Kungiyar tana samun tallafin kuɗi daga masu ba da gudummawa na ƙasa da na duniya. Daga cikin wadannan sune: [[World Bank|Bankin Duniya]], [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|USAID]], [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates]], Gidaunin Asusun Zuba Jari na Yara, Gwamnan Jihar Legas Sanwo-Olu ya kaddamar da cibiyar kirkire-kirkire ta SFH a Legas MSD don Mothers, Hukumar Raya Duniya ta Amurka, Dakatar da haɗin gwiwar TB, [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|Ofishin Kasashen Waje, Commonwealth da Ci Gaban]], [[Oxfam Novib]], Asusun Jama'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da Asusun Duniya don Yaki da Cutar AIDS, Tuberculosis da Malaria. == Kwamitin Amintattun == Kwamitin amintattu na SFH Najeriya sune kamar haka; <ref name="auto1"/> * Farfesa Ekanem Ikpi Braide - Shugaban, Kwamitin Amintattun, <ref name="auto1"/> Society for Family Health, Najeriya * Farma. Ahmed I. [https://ng.linkedin.com/in/ahmediyakasai Yakasai] - Tsohon shugaban, Pharmaceutical Society of NigeriaKamfanin Magunguna na Najeriya * [https://ng.linkedin.com/in/chikwe-ihekweazu-b004756 Dokta Chikwe Ihekweazu] - Mataimakin Darakta Janar na Lantarki na Gaggawa, [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya]] * Farfesa Joy Ngozi Ezeilo - Wanda ya kafa [https://wacolnigeria.org/meet-our-executive-director/ WACOL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002084212/https://wacolnigeria.org/meet-our-executive-director/ |date=2023-10-02 }} * Sir Bright Ekweremadu - Daraktan Kasar, CBM International<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Bright Ekweremadu |url=https://sfhnigeria.org/testimonial/sir-bright-ekweremadu/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Society for Family Health Nigeria |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819020439/https://sfhnigeria.org/testimonial/sir-bright-ekweremadu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>[https://ng.linkedin.com/in/brightekweremadu Kasashen Duniya] * Abdulrazak Ibrahim [https://www.linkedin.com/in/abdulrazak-ibrahim-31513612?miniProfileUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afs_miniProfile%3AACoAAAKCyUEBiwDaEecy8qaJpMa-jKzpQzE15LE&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_search_srp_all%3BFpV9i6ZtTXKuTgKMpQ3m%2Bg%3D%3D] * Kim Schwartz <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kim Schwartz |url=https://sfhnigeria.org/testimonial/kim-schwartz/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Society for Family Health Nigeria |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819014537/https://sfhnigeria.org/testimonial/kim-schwartz/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>- Babban Mataimakin Shugaban kasa kuma Babban Jami'in Kudi, Ayyukan Jama'a na Duniya (PSI) * Dokta Goodluck Obi, [https://ng.linkedin.com/in/goodluck1 FCA]- Abokin Hulɗa & Shugaba, Kasuwanci da Kasuwancin Masana'antu a KPMG * Abasi Ene-Obong, PhD - Wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na [https://www.linkedin.com/in/abasieneobong 54gene] == Manazarta a == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] or20jyrb76eo6997vfod0avgm300za9 0 118790 828200 744045 2026-05-01T00:09:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dokta Liana Roodt''' kwararriyar likita ce kuma mai ba da shawara kan aikin tiyata a sashin tiyatar nono da endocrine da cibiyar rauni a asibitin Groote Schuur, [[Cape Town]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Roodt Liana, Dr |url=http://www.ucthospital.co.za/doctor/roodt-liana-dr/225 |access-date=2018-11-12 |website=www.ucthospital.co.za}}</ref> == Sana'a == Roodt yta kirkiro Project Flamingo<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sagoodnews.co.za/breast-cancer-care/|title=Breast Cancer: More Than Care {{!}} The Home Of Great South African News|date=2017-10-24|work=The Home Of Great South African News|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a cikin shekarar 2010, mai zaman kanta wacce ke magance lokacin jira da masu fama [[Sankaran Nono|da ciwon nono]] ke fuskanta a sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a. A cikin shekarar 2010,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/new-innovations-groote-schuur-offer-hope-patients-and-nurses_2763/|title=Innovations at Groote Schuur offer hope to patients and nurses|last=Pienaar|first=Jon|date=2015-03-17|work=GroundUp News|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en}}</ref> ta gano cewa yawancin ɗakunan tiyata ba su da komai a ƙarshen mako da kuma ranakun hutu, don haka ta fara tara kuɗaɗe don tsara jadawalin sannan kuma ta biya kuɗin tiyata ga marasa lafiya a lokacin.<ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenewspaper.co.za/dr-liana-roodt-special-interest-passion-breast-cancer/|title=Dr. Liana Roodt - A special interest and passion for breast cancer|date=2017-10-04|work=The Newspaper {{!}}|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-US|archive-date=2019-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905084419/https://www.thenewspaper.co.za/dr-liana-roodt-special-interest-passion-breast-cancer/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta ɗauki shekaru uku kafin ta sami izini da ƙa'idodi a wurin. A cikin t 2017, fiye da mutane 100 masu fama da [[Sankaran Nono|ciwon nono]] sun amfana daga mastectomies kyauta wanda Dr. Roodt da ƙungiyar sa-kai suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Flamingo steps up for Cape's breast cancer patients |url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/252319/project-flamingo-steps-up-for-cape-s-breast-cancer-patients |access-date=2018-11-12 |website=CapeTalk |language=en}}</ref> Suna da wurare a Groote Schuur da kuma asibitin Tygerberg a Parow, Cape Town.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.beautifulnews.co.za/stories/liana-roodt|title=Healthcare crisis? This doctor is saving lives with free surgery|work=Beautiful News South Africa|access-date=2018-11-12|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/252319/project-flamingo-steps-up-for-cape-s-breast-cancer-patients|title=Project Flamingo steps up for Cape's breast cancer patients|website=CapeTalk|language=en|access-date=2018-11-12}}</ref> Tana aiki tare da ƙungiyar sa kai na likitocin fiɗa 10, masu aikin sa kai 10 da masu aikin sa kai 10. An naɗa ta ɗaya daga cikin goma "mata masu sha'awar sani a Afirka ta Kudu" daga Tafiya Al'adu.<ref name=autogenerated2 /><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-inspiring-women-to-know-from-south-africa/|title=10 Inspiring Women to Know from South Africa|last=Claassens|first=Carina|work=Culture Trip|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112181619/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/10-inspiring-women-to-know-from-south-africa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] r7614f0zjd8kpam6xl8a5f3gks53xd0 0 120491 828314 734727 2026-05-01T09:08:10Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mary Jane''' " '''Mae''' " '''West''' (Agusta 17, 1893 - Nuwamba 22, 1980) yar wasan kwaikwayo Ba'amurke ce, mawaƙa, ɗan wasan barkwanci, marubucin allo, kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo wanda aikinsa ya kwashe sama da shekaru saba'in. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mae West Biography, Plays, Movies, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mae-West |access-date=May 1, 2021 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> An yi la'akari da alamar jima'i, an san ta da 'yancin kai na jima'i da kuma ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwaƙƙwaro waɗanda galibi ana isar da su cikin murya mai ƙarfi. Ta kasance mai aiki a vaudeville da kan mataki a birnin New York kafin ta koma Los Angeles don fara aiki a masana'antar fim . Yamma ta kasance daya daga cikin fitattun jaruman fina-finan zamaninta; ta fuskanci matsaloli musamman wajen tantancewa. Ta taɓa yin murmushi, "Na yi imani da zazzagewa. Na yi arziki daga ciki." Ta buge tsarin studio ta hanyar yin wasan ban dariya daga imani na al'ada, kuma masu sauraro na zamanin [[Great Depression|Bacin rai]] sun yaba mata da hakan. Lokacin da aikinta na fim ya ƙare, ta rubuta littattafai da wasan kwaikwayo, ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo a Las Vegas da London da rediyo da talabijin, kuma ta yi rikodin kundi na rock da nadi . A cikin 1999, Cibiyar Fina-finai ta Amurka ta zaɓe ta a matsayin ta 15 mafi girma a fina-finan fina-finan Amurka . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Mary Jane West a ko dai yankin Greenpoint ko Bushwick na Brooklyn a ranar 17 ga Agusta, 1893, kafin a hade [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] . <ref name="Biographical Timeline">{{Cite web |date=May 28, 2020 |title=Mae West Biographical Timeline |url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/mae-west-biographical-timeline/14486/ |access-date=July 8, 2020 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> <ref name="Musgrove 1982 20" /> Goggo ce ungozoma ta haihu a gida . {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Ita ce ɗan fari mai rai na Mathilde Delker (asalin "Doelger" kuma daga baya Amurkawa zuwa "Delker" ko "Dilker") Yamma, ƙirar corset da salon salo, da John Patrick "Battlin' Jack" West, mai bayar da kyauta wanda daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin "dansanda na musamman" kuma ya kirkiro hukumar binciken kansa. Mahaifiyarta haifaffen Jamus, wacce aka yi wa lakabi da "Tillie" da "Matilda", ta yi hijira daga Bavaria a 1886 tare da 'yan uwanta biyar da iyayensu, Christiana (née Brüning) da Jakob Doelger. Kakar mahaifinta wacce bayan ta suna, Mary Jane (née Copley), 'yar asalin Irish ce. Kakan mahaifinta, John Edwin West, dan asalin Ingilishi ne kuma dan Scotland ne. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} <ref>1870, 1880, 1900 US censuses.</ref> Iyayen West sun yi aure a Brooklyn a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1889, don jin daɗin iyayen ango da rashin jin daɗin amarya, kuma sun rene 'ya'yansu a matsayin Furotesta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Religious Affiliation of Actress Mae West |url=http://www.adherents.com/people/pw/Mae_West.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617092453/http://www.adherents.com/people/pw/Mae_West.html |archive-date=June 17, 2019 |access-date=April 26, 2024 |website=adherents.com |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Playwright">{{Cite web |last=Gross |first=Max |date=February 6, 2004 |title=Playwright Examines Mae West's Legal Dramas |url=http://www.forward.com/articles/6244 |access-date=November 22, 2008 |website=forward.com |publisher=}}</ref> Babbar 'yar uwarta, Katie, ta mutu tun tana karama. 'Yan uwanta da suka rage sune 'yar'uwa mai suna Mildred Katherine "Beverly" West da ɗan'uwa mai suna John Edwin West II (wani lokaci ba a kira shi "John Edwin West, Jr."). A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, dangin sun ƙaura zuwa sassa daban-daban na Woodhaven, Queens, da kuma yankunan Williamsburg da Greenpoint na Brooklyn. A Neir's Social Hall da ke Woodhaven, Yamma ya fara yin sana'a. <ref>amNew York, September 5, 2013, p. 23.</ref> <ref name="DailyNews">{{Cite web |last=Colangelo |first=Lisa L. |date=June 22, 2010 |title=Woodhaven bar Neir's Tavern gets a time-machine fix up |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/queens/woodhaven-bar-neir-tavern-time-machine-fix-article-1.184603 |access-date=November 2, 2014 |website=Daily News}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Farkon aikin mataki === [[Fayil:Advertisement_for_one_of_the_burlesque_shows_of_Mae_West,_1915.jpg|right|thumb|215x215px| Tallace-tallacen Jarida don nunin burlesque tare da Yamma, "Yarinyar da Halitta", Detroit, Michigan, 1915]] West tana da shekaru biyar a lokacin da ta fara nishadantar da taron jama'a a wani taron coci, kuma ta fara fitowa a wasan kwaikwayon mai son tun tana shekara bakwai. Ta sha samun kyautuka a gasar gwanintar gida. Ta fara yin sana'a a vaudeville a cikin Hal Clarendon Stock Company a 1907 tana da shekara 14. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Lokacin yana ƙarami, West ta fara yin wasan a ƙarƙashin sunan matakin "Baby Mae" ( ''jaririn na iya yin haka'' ), kuma daga baya an gwada wasu mutane daban-daban, ciki har da namiji mai kwaikwayo . Ta yi amfani da sunan "Jane Mast" a farkon aikinta. Tafiya ta alamar kasuwanci an ce an yi wahayi ko kuma tasiri daga masu kwaikwayar mata Bert Savoy da Julian Eltinge, waɗanda suka shahara a lokacin Pansy Craze . {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Fitowarta ta farko a cikin nunin Broadway, tana da shekaru 18, ta kasance a cikin revue na 1911 ''A La Broadway'' wanda tsohon malaminta na rawa, Ned Wayburn ya saka. Nunin ya ninka bayan wasanni takwas, amma an gano West kuma an ware shi don yabo ta wani mai bita ''[[New York Times|na New York Times]]'', wanda ya rubuta cewa "yarinya mai suna Mae West, wanda har yanzu ba a sani ba, ta gamsu da yadda ta grotesquerie da snappy hanyar waka da rawa". Yamma na gaba ya bayyana a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo mai suna ''Vera Violetta'', wanda simintinsa ya nuna Al Jolson . A cikin 1912, ta bayyana a cikin buɗe wasan ''A Winsome Widow'' a matsayin "baby vamp" mai suna La Petite Daffy. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} [[Fayil:EvrybodyShimmiesNowMaeWestCover.jpg|right|thumb| "Ev'rybody Shimmies Now" murfin murfin waƙar tare da hoto, 1918]] Yamma ta haɓaka aikinta a vaudeville, tana fitowa a cikin irin waɗannan da'irori (ko "wheels") kamar yadda Gus Sun na Ohio ke gudanarwa, wanda aka ɗauka kasan ganga amma ya ba ta gogewa. Mahaifiyarta ce ta ƙarfafa ta a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo, wanda, a cewar West, koyaushe yana tunanin cewa duk wani abu da Mae ta yi yana da kyau. <ref>Biery, Ruth, "The Private Life of Mae West: Part One", ''Movie Classic'', January 1934, pp. 106–08</ref> Sauran ’yan uwa ba su da kwarin gwiwa, ciki har da inna da kakarta ta uba. Dukkansu an ruwaito cewa sun ki amincewa da aikinta da zabin da ta yi. A cikin 1918, bayan fita daga manyan bayanan martaba da yawa, West a ƙarshe ta sami hutu a cikin Shubert Brothers revue ''Wani lokaci'', gaban Ed Wynn . Halinta Mayme ta yi rawan shimmy {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} kuma hotonta ya bayyana a cikin bugu na waƙar takarda don shahararriyar lamba "Ev'rybody Shimmies Now". === Broadway stardom da kurkuku === Daga ƙarshe, West ta fara rubuta nata wasan kwaikwayo na risqué ta amfani da sunan alkalami Jane Mast. Tauraruwarta ta farko akan Broadway ta kasance a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na 1926 mai suna ''Jima'i'', wanda ta rubuta, samarwa, kuma ta ba da umarni. Ko da yake masu sukar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya sun mamaye wasan kwaikwayon, tallace-tallacen tikitin ya yi ƙarfi. Shirye-shiryen bai yi wa jami’an birnin dadi ba, wadanda suka samu korafe-korafe daga wasu kungiyoyin addini, inda aka kai farmaki gidan wasan kwaikwayo, aka kama yamma tare da ’yan fim. An kai ta zuwa Gidan Kotun Kasuwancin Jefferson (yanzu Jefferson Market Library ), inda aka gurfanar da ita a kan laifukan ɗabi'a, kuma a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1927, an yanke mata hukuncin kwanaki 10 don "lalata ɗabi'un matasa". Ko da yake West na iya biyan tara kuma an bar ta, ta zaɓi hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku don tallan da za ta samu. Yayin da ake tsare da shi a tsibirin Welfare (yanzu da ake kira Roosevelt Island ), ta ci abinci tare da mai kula da shi da matarsa; Ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa ta sanya wandonta na alharini ne a lokacin da take bata lokaci, maimakon “burbushin” da sauran ‘yan matan ke sanyawa. West ya sami babban nisan mil daga wannan zaman gidan yari. Ta yi kwana takwas tare da hutun kwana biyu don "kyakkyawan hali". Bayan sakin ta, West ta shaida wa manema labarai cewa wasan kwaikwayon nata "aikin fasaha ne". Hankalin kafafen yada labarai game da lamarin ya kara inganta sana'arta, ta hanyar ba ta rawanin "muguwar yarinya" wacce "ta hau kan tsaunin nasara bisa kuskure". <ref name="allaround" /> Wasan ta na gaba, ''The Drag'', ya yi magana da liwadi, kuma shine abin da West ya kira ɗaya daga cikin "wasan kwaikwayo-wasan kwaikwayo na rayuwa". Bayan jerin gwaje-gwaje a Connecticut da New Jersey, West ta sanar da cewa za ta bude wasan a New York. Koyaya, ''Jawo'' bai taɓa buɗewa akan Broadway ba, saboda ƙoƙarin da New York Society ta yi don murkushe mataimakinsa na hana duk wani yunƙuri na Yamma na ƙaddamar da shi. West ya bayyana cewa, "Ubanninsu na birni sun roke ni da kada in kawo wasan kwaikwayo a New York saboda ba su da kayan aiki don magance hargitsin da zai haifar." Yamma ta kasance farkon mai goyon bayan yunkurin 'yantar da mata, amma ta ce ita ba "kona rigar rigar mama" ba ce [[Feminism|ta mata]] . Tun daga shekarun 1920, ita ma ta kasance farkon mai goyon bayan 'yancin 'yan luwadi, kuma ta fito fili ta ayyana adawa da zaluncin 'yan sanda da mazan luwadi suka fuskanta. Ta dauki wani bayani na zamani na “zamani” na tunanin cewa mazan luwadi ruhin mata ne a jikin maza, kuma bugun dan luwadi daidai yake da bugun mace. A cikin tarihin tarihin rayuwarta na 1959 ''Goodness Ba Shi da Komai Da Shi'', wani abin tunawa da marubuci Stephen Longstreet ya tattara, Yamma yana adawa da munafunci yayin da kuma ya raina liwadi: {{Blockquote|I believe that the world owes male and female homosexuals more understanding than we've given them. Live and let live is my philosophy on the subject, and I believe everybody has the right to do his or her own thing or somebody else's — as long as they do it all in private!"<ref>West, Mae. ''Mae West on Sex, Health, and ESP''. London and New York: W. H. Allen, 1975, p. 43. {{ISBN?}}</ref>}} Wannan hangen nesa, wanda West bai taɓa yin bayani ba a cikin wasu littattafai ko tambayoyi, yana da alama bai dace da Mae West persona ba, don a cikin littafinta na 1975 ''Mae West: Jima'i, Lafiya, da ESP'', rubuta:{{Burlesque Hall of Fame}}Tsakanin ƙarshen 1920s da farkon 1930s, Yamma ya ci gaba da rubuta wasan kwaikwayo, ciki har da ''[[The Wicked Age|Mugun zamanin]]'', ''Mutumin jin daɗi'', da ''[[The Constant Sinner|Mai zunubi Mai Iko]]'' . Shirye-shiryenta na iya haifar da cece-kuce, wanda ya tabbatar da cewa ta ci gaba da zama a cikin labarai kuma sau da yawa yakan haifar da cunkoson gidaje a wasanninta. Ta 1928 wasa ''Diamond Lil'', labari game da wani racy, mai saukin kai, da kuma kyakkyawan mace mai hankali na 1890s, ya zama Broadway buga da kuma tabbatar da West ta image a cikin jama'a ido. Wannan wasan kwaikwayon ya sami shaharar dawwama kuma Yamma ta sami nasarar farfado da shi sau da yawa a duk tsawon rayuwarta. <ref>Eells and Musgrove, [[iarchive:maewestbiography00eell/page/223/mode/2up|pp. 223, 228–229.]]</ref> Shekaru uku bayan nasarar farko na ''Diamond Lil'', West ya nuna wani hali na jima'i, Babe Gordon, a cikin ''The Constant Sinner'', wanda ya bude a Broadway a Royale Theater a ranar Satumba 14, 1931. <ref name="IBDb31">[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/the-constant-sinner-11162 "The Constant Sinner"], [[Internet Broadway Database]], Manhattan, New York. Retrieved May 11, 2021.</ref> Mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo mai tasiri ga ''The New York Times'', J. Brooks Atkinson, yana cikin masu dubawa da yawa a lokacin da suka yi watsi da labarun wasan kwaikwayon da kuma wasan kwaikwayon West. <ref name="NYT31">"J. B" (J. Brooks Atkinson). "THE PLAY/Mae West in New Scarlet Role/The Constant Sinner", ''The New York Times'' ([[Manhattan]]), September 15, 1931, p. 30. [[ProQuest]] Historical Newspapers, Ann Arbor, Michigan; subscription access through The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Library.</ref> Atkinson's "scathing" <ref>[[iarchive:maewestitaintnos0000louv/page/186/mode/2up|Louvish]], p. 187.</ref> kimanta aikinta uku an buga shi a cikin ''The Times'' kwana daya bayan wasan kwaikwayo na farko:{{Authority control}}Sauran mashahuran masu sharhi a cikin 1931, kamar Atkinson, sun soki matakin wasan kwaikwayon, suna kiransa "wasan kwaikwayo mara kyau", "da gangan", da kuma lakabi West kanta a matsayin "mawallafin wasan kwaikwayo". <ref>Eells and Musgrove, [[iarchive:maewestbiography00eell/page/96/mode/2up|pp. 97–98]]. IA. Retrieved May 12, 2021.</ref> Daga ƙarshe, an rufe wasan dalla-dalla akan Broadway bayan makonni takwas kawai da wasanni 64. <ref name="IBDb31"/> Lokacin da aka kwatanta da ''Diamond Lil'', wanda ya gudana tsawon watanni tara tare da wasan kwaikwayo na 323, ''The Constant Sinner'' ya kasance mai mahimmanci, kudi, kuma da kansa ya zama abin takaici ga Yamma. <ref name="IMDb28">[https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/diamond-lil-10620 "Diamond Lil"], IBDb. Retrieved May 11, 2021.</ref> <ref>Leonard.[[iarchive:maewestempressof0000leon_o9k7/page/98/mode/2up|pp. 98–104.]]</ref> Duk da haka, sanannen sa har ma da ra'ayoyinsa marasa kyau sun ƙara haɓaka kimarta a cikin jama'a a matsayin jarumar jajirtacciya, mai ban sha'awa da kuma kawo mata ƙarin hankalin kafofin watsa labarai. A lokacin, a cikin watanni bayan an rufe wasan, West ta yanke shawarar dakatar da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo kuma ta yarda da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma mai riba, tayin kwangila daga Paramount Pictures don yin a cikin wani fim mai mahimmanci a Hollywood. <ref name="Leonard102">Leonard, [[iarchive:maewestempressof0000leon_o9k7/page/n123/mode/2up|pp. 102–03]].</ref> === Hotunan motsi da tantancewa === [[Fayil:Mae_West_NYWTS_cropped2.jpg|thumb| "Diamond Lil" ya dawo New York daga California, 1933]] A cikin Yuni 1932, bayan sanya hannu kan kwangilar watanni biyu tare da Paramount wanda ya ba ta albashi na mako-mako na $5,000 ($ 110,000 a 2023), West ta bar New York ta jirgin kasa zuwa California. [1] Tsohuwar jarumar a lokacin tana kusan shekara 40, wacce ba a saba ganinta ba ta fara harkar fim, musamman mata, duk da cewa Paramount ba ta taba yin ko kadan ba ta yi niyyar jefa ta a matsayin jaruma . Amma duk da haka ta yi nasarar kiyaye shekarunta a shakku na wani lokaci. Ta yi fim ɗinta na farko a cikin rawar Maudie Triplett a cikin Night After Night (1932) tare da George Raft, wanda ya ba da shawarar Yamma ga ɓangaren. [1] Ba ta son ƙaramar rawar da take takawa a wasan kwaikwayo da farko, amma ta ji daɗi lokacin da aka ba ta damar sake rubuta wasu sassan tattaunawar halinta. [2] Ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyare da yawa da ta yi shi ne a farkon abin da ya faru a cikin Dare Bayan Dare, lokacin da yarinya mai hat-check ta ce, "Nagarta, menene kyawawan lu'u-lu'u", kuma Yamma ta amsa, "Kyakkyawa ba shi da dangantaka da shi, masoyi." [3] Da yake yin la'akari da sakamakon gaba ɗaya na abubuwan da aka sake rubutawa, Raft an ruwaito yana cewa, "Ta saci komai sai kyamarori." [ Ga matsayinta na gaba na Paramount, West ta kawo halayenta ''na Diamond Lil'', wanda yanzu aka sake masa suna "Lady Lou", zuwa allo a cikin ''She Done Him Wrong'' (1933). Fim ɗin yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan Cary Grant na farko, wanda ya haɓaka aikinsa. West ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta hango Grant a ɗakin studio kuma ta dage cewa a jefa shi a matsayin jagorar namiji. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta gaya wa babban darakta, "Idan zai iya magana, zan ɗauke shi!" Fim ɗin ya kasance ofishin akwatin buga kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta Academy Award don Mafi kyawun Hoto . <ref name="children" /> Nasarar fim din ya ceci Paramount daga fatara, inda ya samu sama da dala miliyan biyu, kwatankwacin dala miliyan 46 a shekarar 2023. Paramount ya gane wannan bashin godiya a yau, tare da gini akan kuri'a mai suna West. [[Fayil:Mae_West_in_I'm_No_Angel_2.jpg|right|thumb|230x230px| Fim na biyu na yamma tare da Cary Grant, ''Ni Ba Mala'ika bane'' (1933)]] Sakinta na gaba, ''Ni Ba Mala'ika bane'' (1933), ya sake haɗa ta da Grant. Fim ɗin kuma ya kasance mafi shahara a cikin akwatin ofishin kuma ya kasance mafi nasara a duk ayyukanta na allo. A cikin watanni bayan da aka saki, ana iya samun nassoshi zuwa yamma kusan ko'ina, daga waƙoƙin waƙoƙin Cole Porter, zuwa ga Cibiyar Ci gaban Ayyukan Ayyuka (WPA) na sabon ginin Coit Tower na San Francisco, zuwa ''Ta Yi Shi Dama'', Pooch da Pup cartoon, zuwa ''My Dress Hangs A can'', zanen da ɗan wasan Mexican [[Frida Kahlo]] ya yi. Mijin Kahlo, Diego Rivera, ya biya nasa haraji: "Yamma shine mafi kyawun na'ura don rayuwa da na taɓa sani - rashin sa'a akan allon kawai." Zuwa F. Scott Fitzgerald, Yamma ya kasance na musamman: "'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na Hollywood kawai da ke da ban mamaki da kuma mai ban dariya." Kamar yadda ''Variety'' ya ce, "Fina-finan Mae West sun sanya ta zama babbar mai tsokanar tattaunawa, mai neman sararin samaniya, da fare a duk fadin kasar. Tana da zafi sosai kamar Hitler." [[Fayil:Mae_West_-_1936.jpg|right|thumb| Hoton Jama'a, 1936]] A shekara ta 1933, Yamma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan akwatin ofishin da aka zana a Amurka kuma, ta 1935, ita ma ta kasance mace mafi girma da ake biya kuma ta biyu mafi girma a Amurka (bayan William Randolph Hearst ). Hearst ya gayyaci Yamma zuwa Hearst Castle, babban gidansa a San Simeon, California, inda mashahuran Hollywood da fitattun 'yan siyasa da na kasuwanci suka taru akai-akai don yin cudanya da juna. "Ba zan iya aure shi ba," in ji West daga baya, "amma ba ni da lokaci don bukukuwa. Ba na son wannan babban taron." A ranar 1 ga Yuli, 1934, an fara aiwatar da ka'idojin tace fina-finai na Code Production Code . Sakamakon haka, rubutun Yamma sun sami ƙarin gyara. Ita kuma, ta kan sanya layukan da ba su dace ba da gangan a cikin rubutunta, da sanin masu tace bayanai za su yanke su. Ta yi fatan a lokacin ba za su yi adawa da sauran layukanta marasa hankali ba. Fim ɗinta na gaba shine ''Belle na Nineties'' (1934). Sunan asali, ''Ba Zunubi ba'', an canza shi saboda ƙin yarda da masu tace labarai. Duk da ƙin yarda na farko na Paramount game da farashi, West ta dage cewa ɗakin studio ya ɗauki Duke Ellington da ƙungiyar makaɗarsa don raka ta cikin lambobin kiɗan fim ɗin. Haɗin gwiwarsu ya yi nasara; An gabatar da classic "My Old Flame" (wanda Duke Ellington ya rubuta) a cikin wannan fim. Fim ɗinta na gaba, ''Goin' to Town'' (1935), ya sami ra'ayoyi daban-daban, yayin da ake ci gaba da yin ta'addanci ta hanyar hana West daga haɗa mafi kyawun layinta. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Ƙoƙarin da ta biyo baya, ''Klondike Annie'' (1936), ya yi magana, kamar yadda zai iya ba da babban ra'ayi, tare da addini da munafunci. Wasu masu sukar sun kira fim din ta magnum opus, amma ba kowa ya yarda ba. Dan jarida baron da mai shirya fina-finai William Randolph Hearst, wanda a zahiri ya fusata da wani furuci da West ya yi game da uwarsa, Marion Davies, ya aika da bayanin sirri ga duk editocinsa yana mai cewa, "Wannan hoton Mae West ''Klondike Annie'' hoto ne mai ƙazanta ... Ya kamata mu sami editocin da ke gasa wannan hoton, Mae West, da Paramount… KAR KU YARDA DA WATA TALLA NA WANNAN HOTO." A wani lokaci, Hearst ya yi tambaya da babbar murya, "Shin ba lokaci ba ne Majalisa ta yi wani abu game da barazanar Mae West?" Manyan jami'an zartarwa sun ji cewa dole ne su rage halayen Yamma ko kuma su fuskanci ƙarin zargi. "Ni ce mace ta farko da aka 'yanta, ka sani, babu wani saurayi da zai fi dacewa da ni. Abin da na rubuta duka rubutuna ke nan." [[Fayil:My-Little-Chickadee-1940.jpg|right|thumb| Hoton jama'a tare da filayen WC don ''ƙaramin Chickadee na'' (1940)]] Kusan lokaci guda, Yamma ta taka leda a gaban Randolph Scott a ''Go West, Young Man'' (1936). A cikin wannan fim ɗin, ta daidaita Lawrence Riley 's Broadway buga ''Sirri'' a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Henry Hathaway ya ba da umarni, ''Go West, Matashi'' ana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai marasa ƙarfi na Yamma na zamanin, saboda yankewar censor. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Yamma ta gaba ta yi tauraro a cikin ''Duk Rana ta Holiday'' (1937) don Paramount kafin ƙungiyar su ta ƙare. Fim din yayi kasa da burinsa. Cece-kuce ya sanya alamar ban dariya mai ban sha'awa ta Yamma ba zai yiwu a rarraba ɗakunan studio ba. Yamma, tare da sauran ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ’yan wasan da Harry Brandt ya sanya wa suna " Poison Box " na Harry Brandt a madadin Ƙungiyar Masu Gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai zaman kanta. Sauran a cikin jerin sune Greta Garbo, Joan Crawford, Marlene Dietrich, [[Fred Astaire]], Dolores del Río, Katharine Hepburn da Kay Francis . An buga harin a matsayin tallace-tallacen da aka biya a cikin ''Hollywood Reporter'', kuma masu kula da ɗakin studio sun dauki shi da mahimmanci. Kungiyar ta yi nuni da cewa irin albashin da wadannan taurarin ke karba da kuma tsantsar farin jinin jama’a ba su yi tasiri a kan sayar da tikitin da suke yi ba, don haka ya cutar da masu baje kolin. Wannan bai dakatar da mai gabatarwa David O. Selznick, wanda na gaba ya ba wa West rawar da Sage madam Belle Watling, mace daya tilo da ta taba fahimtar Rhett Butler da gaske, a cikin ''Gone tare da iska'', bayan Tallulah Bankhead ya ƙi rawar. Ita ma West ta ki amincewa da bangaren, tana mai cewa ta yi kankanta ga tauraro mai inganci kuma za ta bukaci ta sake rubuta layinta don dacewa da nata. Rawar daga ƙarshe ta tafi Ona Munson . [[Fayil:Platform_shoes_worn_by_Mae_West,_1950s_AD,_wood,_metallic_leather_-_Textile_Museum,_George_Washington_University_-_DSC09965.JPG|thumb| Takalman dandali na "dabaru" da West ke sanyawa a cikin fina-finai don yin tsayin daka, wanda kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga tafiya ta musamman.]] A cikin 1939, Universal Studios sun kusanci Yamma don tauraro a cikin wani fim da ke gaban WC Fields. Gidan studio ya yi marmarin yin kwafin nasarar ''Destry Rides Again'' tare da Marlene Dietrich da James Stewart, tare da motar wasan ban dariya da ke nuna West da Fields. Bayan barin Paramount watanni 18 a baya kuma yana neman sabon fim, West ta karɓi rawar Flower Belle Lee a cikin fim ɗin ''My Little Chickadee'' (1940). <ref name="trapeze" /> Duk da tsananin rashin son juna na taurari, ainihin matsalolin shaye-shaye na Fields da kuma faɗa a kan wasan kwaikwayo, <ref name="trapeze" /> ''My Little Chickadee'' ya kasance ofishin akwatin buga, fim ɗin da ya gabata Fields, ''Ba za ku iya yaudarar Mutum Mai Gaskiya ba'' (1939) kuma daga baya ''The Bank Dick'' (1940). Duk da haka, shugabannin addini sun la'anci Yamma a matsayin abin koyi mara kyau, suna cin zarafi a layi kamar "Lokacin da aka kama ni tsakanin mugayen abubuwa guda biyu, gabaɗaya ina so in ɗauki wanda ban taɓa gwadawa ba". Fim na gaba na yamma shine Columbia Pictures ' ''The Heat's On'' (1943). Da farko, ba ta son yin fim ɗin, amma bayan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, darekta kuma abokinsa Gregory Ratoff (producer Max Fabian in ''All About Eve'' ) ya roƙe ta kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa zai yi fatara idan ba za ta iya taimakawa ba, West ta sake komawa a matsayin wani tallafi na sirri. . Masu tace bayanai sun rage girman jima'i na halayen yamma. Gidan studio ɗin yana da umarni don ɗaga layin wuyan wuyansa da tsaftace abubuwan da aka haɗa biyu. Wannan shi ne kawai fim ɗin da kusan ba a yarda West ta rubuta nata tattaunawa ba kuma, a sakamakon haka, fim ɗin ya sha wahala. Wataƙila mafi mahimmanci, ƙalubalen da ke ci gaba da fuskantar Yammacin Turai a cikin aikinta shine tauye tattaunawar ta. Kamar yadda yake a Broadway shekaru goma da suka gabata, zuwa tsakiyar 1930s ba za a iya barin risqué da ribald tattaunawa ba. ''The Heat's On'' yana buɗewa ga mara kyau sake dubawa da raunin aiki a ofishin akwatin. Yamma ta kasance cikin damuwa bayan gogewar da kuma shekarunta na gwagwarmaya tare da tsauraran ofishi na Hays Code, cewa ba za ta yi ƙoƙarin yin wani aikin fim na ƙarni na gaba ba. Maimakon haka, West ya bi aikin nasara da rikodin rikodi a cikin manyan wuraren shakatawa na dare, Las Vegas, a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma Broadway, inda aka ba ta izini, har ma da maraba, ta zama kanta. === Rediyo da tantancewa === A ranar 12 ga Disamba, 1937, West ya bayyana a cikin zane-zane guda biyu daban-daban akan gidan rediyon ventriloquist Edgar Bergen na ''The Chase da Sanborn Hour'' . Bayyana a matsayin kanta, West flirted tare da Charlie McCarthy, Bergen's dummy, ta yin amfani da ta saba iri na Wit da risqué jima'i nassoshi. West ya kira Charlie a matsayin "dukkan itace da tsayin yadi" kuma yayi sharhi, "Charles, na tuna kwanan watanmu na ƙarshe, kuma ina da tsaga don tabbatar da shi!" Yamma yana gab da dakatar da shi daga rediyo. Mafi ban haushi har yanzu shi ne zanen [[NBC]] wanda Arch Oboler ya rubuta, wanda ke nuna Don Ameche da West a matsayin Adamu da Hauwa'u a cikin lambun Adnin . Ta gaya wa Ameche "ka samo mini babban... Ina jin kamar in yi babban apple!" Wannan magana mai ƙima game da sha'awar raye-rayen da ake yi a lokacin tana ɗaya daga cikin masu shiga cikin tattaunawar. Kwanaki bayan watsa shirye-shiryen, ɗakin studio ya sami wasiƙun da ke kiran shirin "fasikanci" da "batsa". Kungiyoyin mata masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da dama da kungiyoyin addini sun shawarci mai daukar nauyin wasan kwaikwayo, Chase <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; Sanborn Coffee Company, don "karuwa" da ayyukansu don barin "ƙazanta [don] mamaye iska". Under pressure, the Federal Communications Commission later deemed the broadcast "vulgar and indecent" and "far below even the minimum standard which should control in the selection and production of broadcast programs". Some debate existed regarding the reaction to the skit. Conservative religious groups took umbrage far more swiftly than the mainstream. These groups found it easy to make West their target. They took exception to her outspoken use of sexuality and sexual imagery, which she had employed in her career since at least the pre-Code films of the early 1930s and for decades before on Broadway, but which was now being broadcast into American living rooms on a popular family-friendly radio program. The groups reportedly warned the sponsor of the program they would protest her appearance. Gidan Rediyon NBC ya yi wa Yammacin Duniya labarin lamarin tare da hana ta (da ambaton sunanta) daga tashoshinsu. Yamma ba zai yi a cikin rediyo na tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu ba, har sai Janairu 1950, a cikin wani labari na ''Chesterfield Supper Club'', wanda Perry Como ya shirya. Ayyukan Ameche bai fuskanci wani mummunan sakamako ba, duk da haka, yayin da yake wasa da "madaidaicin" mutumin. Duk da haka, Mae West ya ci gaba da jin dadin nasarar rikodin rikodin a Las Vegas, swank nightclubs irin su Lou Walters's The Latin Quarter, Broadway, da London. === Tsakanin shekaru === [[Fayil:Mae_West_in_1953.jpg|thumb|272x272px| An nuna shi a cikin ''Los Angeles Times'', 1953]] Bayan ya bayyana a cikin ''The Heat's On'' a cikin 1943, West ya koma aiki sosai akan mataki da kuma kulake. Daga cikin sabbin wasannin da ta shahara a fagen wasan kwaikwayo akwai rawar da ta taka a cikin ''Catherine Was Great'' (1944) a Broadway, inda ta rubuta wani labari game da labarin Catherine Babba ta Rasha, tare da kewaye kanta da "magajin sarki" na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu tsayi masu tsoka. . An shirya wasan kwaikwayo ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo da fim impresario Mike Todd ( ''Around The World in 80 Days'' ) kuma ya gudana don wasanni 191 sannan ya tafi yawon shakatawa. Lokacin da Mae West ta sake farfado da wasanta na 1928 ''Diamond Lil'', ta dawo da shi zuwa Broadway a cikin 1949, ''The New York Times'' ta lakafta ta "Cibiyar Amurka-kamar ƙaunatacciyar ƙauna da rashin lalacewa kamar Donald Duck. Kamar Chinatown, da Kabarin Grant, Mae West ya kamata a gani a akalla sau daya." A cikin 1950s, West ta yi tauraro a wasanta na wasan kwaikwayo na Las Vegas a sabon otal ɗin Sahara da aka buɗe, tana rera waƙa yayin da masu ginin jiki suka kewaye. Nunin ya tsaya Las Vegas a kansa. "Maza su zo su ganni, amma ni kuma na ba wa mata wani abin gani: bango ga bango maza!" West ya bayyana. Jayne Mansfield ya sadu da shi kuma daga baya ya auri daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsoka na Yamma, tsohon Mr. Universe Mickey Hargitay . Lokacin da ake yin wasan kwaikwayo game da rawar Norma Desmond don fim ɗin 1950 ''Sunset Boulevard'', Billy Wilder ya ba West rawar. Har yanzu tana da wayo daga ɓacin rai na ''The Heat's On'', da ƙuntatawa da aka sanya akan halayenta, ta ƙi. Taken fim din Wilder, ta lura, ya kasance tsantsa pathos, yayin da tambarin wasan barkwanci ya kasance koyaushe "game da daukaka masu sauraro". Mae West yana da hali na ban dariya na musamman wanda ba shi da lokaci, kamar yadda Charlie Chaplin ya yi. Bayan Mary Pickford ita ma ta ƙi rawar, an jefa Gloria Swanson . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Marion Meade}}</ref> A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, West aka miƙa matsayin Vera Simpson, gaban [[Frank Sinatra]], a cikin 1957 fim karbuwa na ''Pal Joey'', wanda ta ƙi, tare da rawar da ke zuwa Rita Hayworth . A cikin 1964, West ya ba da gudummawar jagoranci a cikin ''Roustabout'', wanda ke nuna [[Elvis Presley]] . Ta yi watsi da rawar, kuma an jefa Barbara Stanwyck a wurinta. An kuma tuntubi West don matsayi a cikin Federico Fellini 's ''Juliet na Ruhohi'' da ''Satyricon'', amma sun ƙi duka tayin. === Talabijin, da kuma tsararraki masu zuwa === A ranar 26 ga Maris, 1958, West ya bayyana a raye-rayen Academy Awards kuma ya yi waƙar " Baby, Yana Sanyi A Waje " tare da Rock Hudson, wanda ya sami karɓuwa. A cikin 1959, ta fito da tarihin tarihin rayuwa, ''Goodness Ba Shi da wani Abu da Ya Yi da shi'', wanda ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa. Baƙi na Yamma sun yi tauraro a talabijin, gami da ''[[The Dean Martin Variety Show]]'' a cikin 1959 da ''The Red Skelton Show'' a 1960, don haɓaka tarihin rayuwarta, da doguwar hira kan ''Mutum ga Mutum'' tare da Charles Collingwood a 1959, wacce ba ta taɓa fitowa ba. Shugabannin CBS sun ji mambobin masu sauraron talabijin ba su shirye su ga wani mutum-mutumin marmara tsirara na Yamma ba, wanda ya tsaya kan piano dinta. A cikin 1964, ta yi baƙo fitowa a kan sitcom ''Mister Ed'' . Da yawa daga baya, a cikin 1976, Dick Cavett ya yi hira da ita kuma ya rera waƙoƙi guda biyu akan "Back Lot USA" na musamman akan CBS. === Aikin rikodi === Aikin rikodi na Yamma ya fara ne a farkon shekarun 1930 tare da fitar da wakokin fim dinta akan rikodin shellac 78 rpm . Yawancin wakokinta na fim an fitar da su a matsayin 78s, da kuma waƙar takarda. A cikin 1955, ta yi rikodin kundi na farko, ''The Fabulous Mae West'' . A cikin 1965, ta yi waƙa biyu, "Am I Too Young" da "Yana Kyau gare Ni", don rikodin 45 rpm da Plaza Records ya fitar. Ta yi rikodin waƙoƙin harshe da yawa, ciki har da "Santa, Ku Zo Ku Gani", <ref>album cover</ref> akan kundi ''na Kirsimeti'', wanda aka saki a cikin 1966 kuma aka sake fitar da shi azaman ''Mae a cikin Disamba'' a cikin 1980.  </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|<span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (February 2020)">tushen buga kansa?</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Nuna shirye-shiryenta na ci gaba da tuntuɓar yanayin zamani, a cikin 1966 ta yi rikodin ''Way Out West'', na farko na kundin waƙoƙinta guda biyu na rock-and-roll . Na biyu, wanda aka saki a cikin 1972 akan MGM Records kuma mai suna ''Great Balls of Fire'', an rufe waƙoƙin [[The Doors]], da sauransu, kuma yana da waƙoƙin da aka rubuta wa Yamma ta hanyar mawallafin mawallafin Ingilishi Ian Whitcomb . === Bayan shekaru === An yi amfani da kamannin Mae West a gaban murfin [[The Beatles|Beatles]] '1967 ''Sgt. Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙaƙwalwar Zuciya'' . Lokacin da aka tuntube ni don neman izini, da farko West ya ƙi ya tambaye ni, "Me zan yi a cikin Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Lonely?" Ta canza ra'ayinta bayan ƙungiyar ta rubuta mata wasiƙa ta sirri suna bayyana kansu manyan masoyanta. Bayan shekaru 27 ba tare da hotuna masu motsi ba, West ya bayyana a matsayin Leticia Van Allen a cikin Gore Vidal 's ''Myra Breckinridge'' (1970) tare da [[Raquel Welch]], Rex Reed, Farrah Fawcett, da Tom Selleck a cikin karamin sashi. An yi niyyar fim ɗin don zama mai ban dariya na canjin jima'i da gangan, amma yana da matsalolin samarwa da yawa, wanda ya haifar da fim ɗin botched wanda ya kasance duka ofishin akwatin da gazawa mai mahimmanci. Mawallafin Vidal, a cikin rashin fahimta da rashin kwarewa kuma mai suna "fim din fasaha" darektan Michael Sarne, daga baya ya kira fim din "mummunan wargi". Ko da yake an bai wa Mae West lissafin tauraro don jawo hankalin masu siyan tikiti, editan fim ɗin da ba shi da gogewa ya katse wurarenta, kuma an yi fim ɗin waƙoƙinta kamar wasa ne kawai. Mae West's counterculture roko (an yi mata lakabi da "Sarauniyar sansanin"), ta haɗa da matasa da hip, kuma a shekara ta 1971, ƙungiyar dalibai na Jami'ar California, Los Angeles (UCLA) ta zabi Mae West "Mace na Ƙarni" a cikin girmamawa. na dacewarta a matsayinta na majagaba mai fafutukar faɗin gaskiya ta jima'i da jajircewa mai jajircewa game da ƙiyayya. [[Fayil:Mae_West_14_Allan_Warren.jpg|thumb| West ya dauki hoto a cikin gidanta na Los Angeles ta Allan Warren, 1973]] A cikin 1975, West ta fitar da littattafan ''Jima'i, Lafiya, da ESP'' (William Allen & Sons, mawallafi) da ''Pleasure Man'' (Mawallafin Dell) dangane da wasanta na 1928 mai suna iri ɗaya. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Tarihin rayuwarta, ''Goodness Ba abin da ya yi da shi'', an kuma sabunta shi kuma an sake buga shi a cikin 1970s. Mae West ta kasance mai saka hannun jari mai wayo, ta samar da ayyukanta na mataki, kuma ta kashe kuɗinta a manyan filaye a Van Nuys, wani yanki mai bunƙasa na Los Angeles. Da dukiyarta mai yawa, za ta iya yin yadda take so. A cikin 1976, ta fito a kan ''Back Lot USA'' akan CBS, inda Dick Cavett yayi hira da ita kuma ta rera waka " Frankie da Johnny " tare da " Bayan Ka Tafi ."  </link> A wannan shekarar, ta fara aiki akan fim ɗinta na ƙarshe, ''Sextette'' (1978). An karbo daga rubutun 1959 da West ya rubuta, bita-da-kullin fim din da rashin jituwar samar da shi ya kawo cikas ga samarwa tun daga farko. Saboda canje-canjen rubutun mintuna na ƙarshe mara iyaka da jaddawalin samarwa mai gajiyarwa, West ta yarda a yi mata sigina ta lasifikan da ke ɓoye a cikin guntun gashinta. Duk da matsalolin yau da kullum, Yamma ya kasance, a cewar darektan ''Sextette'' Ken Hughes, ya yanke shawarar ganin fim din. Tana da shekaru 84, ganinta da ta gaza a yanzu ya sa ta kewaya wurin saitin da wahala, amma ta yi hakan ta hanyar yin fim ɗin, godiya ga amincewarta, juriya na ban mamaki, da girma a matsayin tauraruwar da ta ƙirƙira kanta shekaru 67 bayan fitowarta ta Broadway a 1911. yana da shekara 18. Mujallar ''Time'' ta rubuta wata kasida akan tauraruwar da ba ta da ƙarfi mai suna "A 84, Mae West Is Still Mae West". <ref name="icon" /> Bayan sakin sa, ''Sextette'' ba nasara ce mai mahimmanci ko kasuwanci ba. Simintin gyare-gyare sun haɗa da wasu taurari na farko na yamma kamar George Raft ( ''Dare Bayan Dare'', 1932), taurarin allo na azurfa irin su Tony Curtis, Timothy Dalton da Walter Pidgeon, da tauraro na zamani irin su Ringo Starr da [[Alice Cooper]], da kuma Abubuwan da aka fi so a talabijin kamar Dom DeLuise da Sarauniyar tsegumi Rona Barrett . Har ila yau, ya haɗa da hotunan wasu masu tsoka daga wasan kwaikwayon Las Vegas na 1950, kamar yadda har yanzu ya dace da Reg Lewis . ''Sextette'' kuma ta sake haɗuwa da Mae West tare da Edith Head, mai tsara kayanta daga 1933 a cikin ''She Done Him Wrong'' . Don gudunmawarta ga masana'antar fim, Mae West tana da tauraro a Hollywood Walk of Fame a 1560 Vine Street a Hollywood . Don gudunmawar da ta bayar a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo a cikin duniyar wasan kwaikwayo, an shigar da ita cikin dakin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theater Hall of Fame &#124; Preserve the Past • Honor the Present • Encourage the Future |url=http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#VW |website=theaterhalloffame.org |access-date=2025-11-15 |archive-date=2013-04-15 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415234813/http://www.theaterhalloffame.org/members.html#VW |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gershwin Theatre – On This Very Spot |url=http://www.onthisveryspot.com/find/spot.php?spot_web_name=The_Gershwin_Theatre |access-date=March 20, 2014}}</ref> == Hoton jama'a == An lura da Mae West don "siffa mai girman kai". An kwatanta kamannin Mae West a matsayin "wani riga mai tsayin bene mai adadi tare da ƙananan wuyan wuyansa da adadi don cika shi." Abubuwan da aka lura sune jirgin kasan kifi da datsa gashin tsuntsu. == Rayuwa ta sirri == [[Fayil:Frank_Wallace_&_Mae_West_1911.jpg|thumb|190x190px| West da miji a 1911]] [[Fayil:Guido_Deiro_&_Mae_West_c_1916.jpg|thumb| Yamma (dama) a cikin talla tare da Deiro a cikin 1916 ko 1917]] [[Fayil:Paul_Novak_&_Mae_West_1978.jpg|thumb|227x227px| Yamma a cikin 1978 tare da Paul Novak, abokin aikinta na shekaru 25]] West ta yi aure a ranar 11 ga Afrilu, 1911, a Milwaukee, Wisconsin zuwa Frank Szatkus (1892–1966), wanda sunan mataki Frank Wallace, <ref>[https://eu.thegleaner.com/story/news/columnists/frank-boyett/2016/11/26/frank-boyett-nov-27-henderson-entertainer-never-got-over-mae-west/94290010/ Article] by Frank Boyett in ''The Gleaner'' November 26, 2016</ref> ɗan'uwan vaudevillian wanda ta sadu da shi a 1909. Ta kasance 17. Ta ɓoye auren, amma wani magatakarda ya gano takardar shaidar aure a 1935 kuma ya faɗakar da manema labarai. Har ila yau magatakardar ta bankado wata takardar shaidar da ta bayyana cewa ta yi aure, wanda aka yi a lokacin shari’ar ''Jima’i'' a shekarar 1927. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} Da farko, West ta ƙaryata game da auren Wallace, amma a ƙarshe ta yarda da shi a cikin Yuli 1937, don amsa tambayoyin shari'a. Ma'auratan ba su taɓa zama tare a matsayin mata da miji ba. Ta dage cewa sai da dakunan kwana daban, ba da jimawa ba ta sallame shi da nuna nasa don ya rabu da shi. Ta sami saki a ranar 21 ga Yuli, 1942, lokacin da Wallace ya janye buƙatarsa na kulawa daban, kuma West ya shaida cewa Wallace da ita sun zauna tare don "makonni da yawa". {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} An ba da umarnin saki na ƙarshe a ranar 7 ga Mayu, 1943. {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} A cikin watan Agusta 1913, ta sadu da Guido Deiro (1886-1950), ɗan wasan vaudeville haifaffen Italiya kuma tauraron piano-accordion. Al'amarinta, da yiwuwar auren 1914 da shi, kamar yadda ɗan Deiro Guido Roberto Deiro ya yi zargin a cikin littafinsa na 2019 ''Mae West da The Count'', ya tafi "zurfin gaske, hittin" akan duk motsin zuciyarmu. A cewar shirin shirin ''Masters na Amurka'' ''Mae West: Dirty Blonde'', Yamma ta zubar da yaron Deiro bisa shawarar mahaifiyarta, tsarin ya kusan kashe ta kuma ya bar ta marar haihuwa. Deiro ƙaramin ya ce mahaifinsa ya yi baƙin ciki sa’ad da ya sami labarin zubar da ciki kuma ya ƙare dangantakar. <ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/mae-west-dirty-blonde-about/12370/ "Mae West: Dirty Blonde"] ''American Masters'' (requires PBS Passport membership to view)</ref> Daga baya West ya ce, "Aure babban cibiya ce, ban shirya don cibiya ba." A cikin 1916, lokacin da ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta vaudeville, West tana da alaƙa da James Timony (1884-1954), lauya mai shekaru tara babba. Timony kuma shine manajanta. A lokacin da ta zama jarumar fina-finai a tsakiyar shekarun 1930, ba su kasance ma'aurata ba. Yamma da Timony sun kasance kusa sosai, suna zaune a cikin gini ɗaya, suna aiki tare, suna ba da tallafi ga juna har mutuwar Timoniya a 1954. She became romantically involved at age 61 with Chester Rybinski (1923–1999), one of the muscle men in her Las Vegas stage show—a wrestler, former Mr. California, and former merchant sailor. He was 30 years younger than she, and later changed his name to Paul Novak. He moved in with her, and their romance continued until her death in 1980 at age 87.<ref name="Obit" /> Novak once commented, "I believe I was put on this Earth to take care of Mae West." West would sometimes refer to herself in the third person and speak of "Mae West" as the entertainment character she had created. Yamma ɗan Presbyterian ne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mae West, Stage and Movie Star Who Burlesqued Sex, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/07/27/reviews/west-obit.html |website=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |title=Remembering Mae West – Interviews |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/remembering-mae-west |website=rogerebert.com}}</ref> == Mutuwa == [[Fayil:Lars_Jacob_at_Mae_West_grave_2007.jpg|thumb| Yamma dangin crypt a Cypress Hills Cemetery, tare da Mae a saman]] == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == * In the 1937 film ''Stand-In'', the stage mother (Anne O'Neal) who has her young daughter (Marianne Edwards) auditioning for Dodd (Leslie Howard) tells her: "Now, do the Mae West number". * During World War II, Allied aircrews called their yellow inflatable, vest-like life preserver jackets "Mae Wests" partly from rhyming slang for "breasts"<ref>{{Cite book|last3=Charles Harrington Elster}}</ref> and "life vests" and partly because of the resemblance to her torso. A "Mae West" is also a type of round parachute malfunction (partial inversion) which contorts the shape of the canopy into the appearance of an extraordinarily large brassiere.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2015 |title=Parachute Rigger Handbook |url=https://www.faa.gov/sites/faa.gov/files/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/prh_change1.pdf#page=340 |access-date=September 17, 2023 |publisher=[[Federal Aviation Administration]] |page=340}}</ref> * West has been the subject of songs, including the title song of Cole Porter's Broadway musical ''Anything Goes'' and in "You're the Top". * Surrealist artist [[Salvador Dalí]] painted works entitled ''Face of Mae West Which May be Used as an Apartment'', and the ''Mae West Lips Sofa'', which was also by Dalí and completed in 1938 for Edward James. * Several Mae West comedy lines are used in the parody musical ''Wild Side Story'' (1973–2004). * In 1982 actress Ann Jillian portrayed West in a television bio film, ''Mae West''. * In 2000 ''Dirty Blonde'', written by Claudia Shear, opened on Broadway at the Helen Hayes Theater.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dirty Blonde – Broadway Play – Original |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-production/dirty-blonde-12573#OpeningNightCast |website=ibdb.com}}</ref> * MAE-West – "Metropolitan Area Exchange, West", a former Internet exchange point on the west coast of the United States, with a corresponding MAE-East exchange point.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 19, 2002 |title=Southern Cross Cable Network commissions third US access point |url=https://www.theage.com.au/technology/southern-cross-cable-network-commissions-third-us-access-point-20020819-gdfk0n.html |website=The Age}}</ref> * In 2016, Mae West was portrayed by drag star Alaska in the second episode of the second season of ''RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2016 |title=Who won Snatch Game on 'RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars'? |url=https://mic.com/articles/153305/ru-paul-s-drag-race-all-stars-2-recap-snatch-game-returns-and-two-queens-rule |access-date=February 13, 2019 |website=mic.com}}</ref> * In 2017, Mae West was the subject of an episode of the TV comedy series ''Over My Dead Body'' on Amazon Prime.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch over My Dead Body &#124; Prime Video |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/video/detail/B078WYJHJ9/ref=atv_un_2cr_c_OcGi58_brws_2_1 |website=Amazon}}</ref> * West was the subject of the 2020 PBS documentary ''Mae West: Dirty Blonde'' as part of their ''American Masters'' series. The documentary was produced by Bette Midler. * A May West is a Canadian dessert cake named after West. In the 1980s the spelling was changed from Mae West to May West. The snack is still very popular in [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]], Eastern and Southern Ontario.<ref>{{Cite web |title=May West – Classic – Pastries – Home |url=https://vachon.com/en/pastries/may-west/#regulier |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804083743/https://www.vachon.com/en/pastries/may-west/#regulier |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |access-date=August 17, 2020 |website=Vachon}}</ref> * A sculpture in [[München|Munich]] carries the name ''Mae West''. * In the 1935 Laurel and Hardy film ''Bonnie Scotland'', in response to the character, Mrs. Burns saying to Mr. Miggs "the next time you drop down to Glasgow, you must come up and see me some time", Stan comments "It's Mae West". {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Broadway stage !Date !Production !Role ! class="unsortable" |Notes ! class="unsortable" |Ref. |- |{{dts|1911|September|22|format=mdy}} – September 30, 1911 |''A La Broadway'' |Maggie O'Hara | |<ref name="IBDB">{{Cite web |title=Mae West |url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/mae-west-7476 |access-date=April 19, 2017 |publisher=[[Internet Broadway Database]]}}</ref> |- |{{dts|1911|November|20|format=mdy}} – February 24, 1912 |''Vera Violetta'' | |West left the show during previews. |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1912|April|11|format=mdy}} – September 7, 1912 |''{{Sortname|A|Winsome Widow}}'' |Le Petite Daffy |West left show after opening night. |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1918|October|4|format=mdy}} – June 1919 |''Sometime'' |Mayme Dean | |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1921|August|17|format=mdy}} – September 10, 1921 |''{{Sortname|The|Mimic World of 1921}}'' | | |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1926|April|26|format=mdy}} – March 1927 |''Sex'' |Margie LaMont |Written by Jane Mast (West), West was jailed for 8 days because of the play's content. |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1927|January}} |''{{Sortname|The|Drag}}'' | |Closed during out-of-town tryouts (Bridgeport, Connecticut)<br /><br />credited only as writer | |- |{{dts|1927|November}} |''{{Sortname|The|Wicked Age}}'' |Evelyn ("Babe") Carson | |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1928|April|9|format=mdy}} – September 1928 |''Diamond Lil'' |Diamond Lil | |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1928|October|1|format=mdy}} – October 2, 1928 |''{{Sortname|The|Pleasure Man|}}'' | |Credited only as writer |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1931|September|14|format=mdy}} – November 1931 |''{{Sortname|The|Constant Sinner}}'' |Babe Gordon | |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1944|August|2|format=mdy}} – January 13, 1945 |''Catherine Was Great'' |Catherine II | |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1945}}–46 |''Come on Up'' | |Tour |{{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} |- |{{dts|1947|September}} – May 1948 |''Diamond Lil'' |Diamond Lil |(Revival) United Kingdom |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1949|February|5|format=mdy}} – February 26, 1949 |''Diamond Lil'' |Diamond Lil |(Second revival) until West broke her ankle on the latter date<br /><br />The play resumed as a "return engagement". |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1949|September|7|format=mdy}} – January 21, 1950 |''Diamond Lil'' |Diamond Lil |(Second revival) as "return engagement" |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1951|September|14|format=mdy}} – November 10, 1951 |''Diamond Lil'' |Diamond Lil |(Third Revival) |<ref name="IBDB" /> |- |{{dts|1961|July|7|format=mdy}} – closing date unknown |''Sextette'' | |Edgewater Beach Playhouse | |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Sauran wasan kwaikwayo a matsayin marubuci ! Shekara ! Take ! class="unsortable" | Bayanan kula ! Ref. |- | 1921 | ''{{Sortname|The|Ruby Ring|nolink=1}}''</link> | Vaudeville | {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} |- | 1922 | ''{{Sortname|The|Hussy|nolink=1}}''</link> | Ba a samar da shi ba | {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} |- | 1930 | ''Frisco Kate'' | Ba a samar da shi ba, daga baya an samar da shi azaman fim ɗin 1936 ''Klondike Annie'' | {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} |- | 1933 | ''Mata masu sakin fuska'' | Anyi a cikin 1935 ƙarƙashin taken ''Ladies By Request'' | {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} |- | 1936 | ''Tsabtace Gadaje'' | An sayar da magani ga George S. George, wanda ya samar<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> wasan Broadway da bai yi nasara ba na maganin West | {{Sfn|Louvish|2006}} |} == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" !Year !Film !Role !Writer(s) !Co-stars !Director !Studio |- |1932 |''Night After Night'' |Maudie Triplett |''Story:'' Louis Bromfield<br /><br /> ''Screenplay:'' Vincent Lawrence<br /><br />''Continuity:'' Kathryn Scola<br /><br />''Additional dialogue (uncredited):'' Mae West |George Raft<br /><br />Constance Cummings<br /><br />Wynne Gibson |Archie Mayo | rowspan="8" |Paramount Pictures |- | rowspan="2" |1933 |''She Done Him Wrong'' |Lady Lou |''Screenplay:'' Harvey F. Thew and John Bright <br /><br />''Based on the play ''Diamond Lil'' by'' Mae West |Cary Grant<br /><br />Owen Moore<br /><br />Gilbert Roland |Lowell Sherman |- |''I'm No Angel'' |Tira |''Story, Screenplay and All Dialogue:'' Mae West<br /><br /> ''Suggestions:'' Lowell Brentano<br /><br />''Continuity:'' Harlan Thompson |Cary Grant<br /><br />Gregory Ratoff<br /><br />Edward Arnold |Wesley Ruggles |- |1934 |''Belle of the Nineties'' |Ruby Carter |Mae West |Roger Pryor<br /><br />Johnny Mack Brown<br /><br />Katherine DeMille |Leo McCarey |- |1935 |''Goin' to Town'' |Cleo Borden |''Screenplay:'' Mae West <br /><br /> ''Story:'' Marion Morgan and George B. Dowell |Paul Cavanagh<br /><br />Gilbert Emery<br /><br />Marjorie Gateson |Alexander Hall |- | rowspan="2" |1936 |''Klondike Annie'' |The Frisco Doll<br /><br />Rose Carlton<br /><br />Sister Annie Alden |''Screenplay:'' Mae West <br /><br /> ''Story:'' Marion Morgan and George B. Dowell<br /><br />''And material suggested by'' Frank Mitchell Dazey |Victor McLaglen<br /><br />Phillip Reed<br /><br />Helen Jerome Eddy |Raoul Walsh |- |''Go West, Young Man'' |Mavis Arden |''Screenplay:'' Mae West <br /><br /> ''Based on the play ''Personal Appearance ''by'' Lawrence Riley |Warren William<br /><br />Randolph Scott<br /><br />Alice Brady |Henry Hathaway |- |1937 |''Every Day's a Holiday'' |Peaches O'Day |Mae West |Edmund Lowe<br /><br />Charles Butterworth<br /><br />Charles Winninger |A. Edward Sutherland |- |1940 |''My Little Chickadee'' |Flower Belle Lee |Mae West and W. C. Fields |W. C. Fields<br /><br />Joseph Calleia<br /><br />Dick Foran |Edward F. Cline |Universal Pictures |- |1943 |''The Heat's On'' |Fay Lawrence |Fitzroy Davis & George S. George and Fred Schiller |Victor Moore<br /><br />William Gaxton<br /><br />Lester Allen |Gregory Ratoff |Columbia Pictures |- |1970 |''Myra Breckinridge'' |Leticia Van Allen |''Screenplay:'' Michael Sarne and David Giler<br /><br />''Based on the novel by'' Gore Vidal |[[Raquel Welch]]<br /><br />John Huston<br /><br />Farrah Fawcett |Michael Sarne |20th Century Fox |- |1978 |''Sextette'' |Marlo Manners<br /><br />Lady Barrington |''Screenplay:'' Herbert Baker<br /><br />''Based on the play by'' Mae West |Timothy Dalton<br /><br />Dom DeLuise<br /><br />Tony Curtis |Ken Hughes |Crown International Pictures |} * 1956: ''Babban Mae West'' ; Decca D/DL-79016 (sake fitowa da yawa har zuwa 2006) * 1960: ''WC Ya Fitar da Rikodinsa Kadai Plus 8 na Mae West'' ; Proscenium PR 22 * 1966: ''Hanya Daga Yamma'' ; Hasumiyar T/ST-5028 * 1966: ''Kirsimeti na daji'' ; Dragonet LPDG-48 * 1970: ''Asalin Muryar Waƙoƙi daga Mafi Girman Fina-finanta'' ; Deca D/DL-791/76 * 1970: ''Mae West & WC Filaye Gefe ta Gefe'' ; Harmony HS 11374/HS 11405 * 1972: ''Manyan Kwallaye na Wuta'' ; Saukewa: MGM -SE4869 * 1974: ''Watsa shirye-shiryen Rediyo na Asali'' ; Markus 56 Bayanan 643 * 1987/1995: ''Waƙoƙin Ƙwaƙwalwa Goma Sha Shida wanda Mae West Sarauniyar Jima'i ta Rera'' ; Farashin RR1315 * 1996: ''Ni Ba Mala'ika ba ne'' ; CD Jasmine 04980 102 * 2006: ''Mafi Girma'' : Rev-Ola CR Rev 181 {{Blockquote|...''The Constant Sinner'' commits one of the major sins in the theatre; it is dull. This is a sin which is common to all of Miss West's wonderworks except ''Diamond Lil'', but because of the luridness of the [[Nonsense|hokum]] plot and the highly colored melodramatic backgrounds of the new piece, it has seldom been more in evidence..."The Constant Sinner" is also, as might be expected, vile as to speech.... Seldom, come to think about it, has fouler talk been heard on the Broadway stage, even in these frank and forward times...<br>However creditable an impersonator of scarlet roles Miss West may be, variety of attack is not among her qualifications as an actress.... Her peculiar slouching about the stage, which seems to provide firsthand evidence that, as the program says, she originated the shimmy dance, her vocal stunts, her exploitation of blond buxomness—all these grow pretty tiresome through repetition....<ref name="NYT31"/>}}{{Burlesque Hall of Fame}}{{Authority control}}{{Blockquote|I have always hated the two-faced, the smoother-over folk — the people who preach loudly one way of life, and then do something in private that they're against in public. In many ways homosexuality is a danger to the entire social system of western civilization. Certainly a nation should be made aware of its presence — without moral mottoes — and its effects on children recruited to it in their innocence. I had no objections to it as a cult of jaded inverts, or special groups of craftsmen, shrill and involved only with themselves. It was its secret anti-social aspects I wanted to bring into the sun.<ref>{{cite web |last=West |first=Mae |title=Goodness Had Nothing to Do With It |url= https://archive.org/details/GoodnessHadNothingToDoWithIt/page/n115/mode/2up|website=Internet Archive |page=94}}</ref>}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ts2w2xvv80sz0it3c7i9s80xc42maon 0 120579 828038 774184 2026-04-30T17:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin Yan mata ta Schmidt'''<ref>"[http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/ Home]." Schmidt's Girls College. Retrieved on 23 January 2015. "Student at Schmidt's Girls College today, leader tomorrow!"</ref><ref>[http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/schule/willkommen-an-der-schmidtschule Schule]." ''Schmidt-Schule Jerusalem''. Retrieved on 23 January 2015.</ref> makaranta ce da ke cikin [[East Jerusalem|Gabashin Urushalima]].<ref>"[http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/kontakt-impressum Kontakt]." ''Schmidt-Schule Jerusalem''. Retrieved on 23 January 2015. "Nablus Road 2 P.O. Box 19070 East-Jerusalem via Israel"</ref> An kafa ta a 1886, kuma kimanin ɗalibai 500 ke halarta a yau. Makarantar tana da shirin ''[[grundschule]]'' (makarantar firamare),<ref>"[http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/grundschule/willkommen-in-der-grundschule Herzlich Willkommen auf der Grundschulseite der Schmidt Schule in Ost-Jerusalem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123220110/http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/grundschule/willkommen-in-der-grundschule |date=2015-01-23 }}." Schmidt-Schule Jerusalem. Retrieved on 23 January 2015.</ref> da kuma {{ill|Deutsche Internationale Abiturprüfung|de}} (DIAP, Jamusawa International [[Abitur]]) shirin.<ref>"[http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/diap/willkommen-bei-diap Information on the German International Abitur (DIAP)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123220445/http://www.schmidtschule.org/index.php/en/diap/willkommen-bei-diap |date=2015-01-23 }}." ''Schmidt-Schule Jerusalem''. Retrieved on 23 January 2015.</ref> Haka kuma tana bayar da shirin [[Tawjihi]]. Duk da cewa mallakar [[the German Association of the Holy Land|Ƙungiyar Jamusawa ta Ƙasar Mai Tsarki]] ce, a halin yanzu tana ƙarƙashin kulawar ’yan’uwa na [[Congregation of Jesus|Congregation of Jesus]]. Darussa ana koyar da su da Jamusanci, kuma harshen da ake amfani da shi a wajen aji shi ne Turanci. Malamai sun haɗa da ’yan Arab da Jamusawa. ==Tarihi== ===Zamanin Daular Usmaniyya: ginin "Old Hospice"=== A 1886 an kafa makaranta ga ’yan mata Arab a cikin [[Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem]], a wancan lokacin ɓangare na [[Ottoman Empire|Daular Usmaniyya]], a sabon ginin "[[:commons:Category:Catholic old Hospice (Schmidt Compound, Jerusalem)|Old Hospice]]", inda ta raba wuri da masaukin mahajjata da cibiyar lafiya, a lambar 25 na [[Hillel Street]], hanya da ke kaiwa gabas zuwa [[Jaffa Gate]]. Makarantar da cibiyar lafiya suna ƙarƙashin kulawar ’yan’uwa Katolika [[Sisters of Mercy of St. Borromeo]]. A 1890, ɗan addinin Jamusawa [[Lazarist]], Uban {{ill|Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt|de|Friedrich Wilhelm Schmidt (Lazarist)}} (1833-1907) ya ɗauki rawar gudanarwa, ya ci gaba da gina makarantar har zuwa hatsarinsa. Makarantar ta samo sunanta daga gare shi. Yawan ɗalibai ya ƙaru daga 36 a 1890 zuwa kusan 120 a 1914, sannan 138 a 1915. Tsarin karatun ya bi tsarin makarantu na jihohin Jamus. Lokacin tafiyar [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Kaiser Wilhelm II]] ta [[Palestine (region)|Palasɗinu]], ya ziyarci Schmidt's Girls College. A taron da aka yi da shi, Wilhelm Schmidt ya ba da shawarar gina sabon masauki mafi girma da ya dace ga mahajjata. Kaisar ya riga ya tallafa wajen gina [[Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem|Cocin Lutheran na Mai Ceto]] a tsohon birni da kafa [[Abbey of the Dormition]] a [[Mount Zion]]. Da goyon bayansa, Ƙungiyar Jamusawa ta Ƙasar Mai Tsarki ta sayi filaye biyu a gaban [[Damascus Gate]] a Urushalima, inda suka gina [[Paulus-Haus]]. Bayan mutuwar Schmidt a 1907, rawar gudanarwa ta koma ga {{ill|Father Ernst Schmitz|de|Ernst Schmitz (Priester)}}, wanda ya ci gaba da gina ɗakin karatu da faɗaɗa tarin kimiyyar halitta. Masaukin mahajjata ya koma sabon gini a 1908, inda aka kafa makarantar koyar da malamai. Wannan ya ba da damar samun karin ɗakunan karatu a tsohon hospice. A farkon [[First World War|Yaƙin Duniya na Farko]], makarantar ta rufe, kamar sauran cibiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a farkon 1915 saboda kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin Jamus da Daular Usmaniyya. Kaɗai sharadi shi ne a haɗa [[Turkish language|Turanci]] a matsayin harshen koyarwa. ===Zamanin Birtaniya=== Bayan kwace Urushalima da sojojin Birtaniya a ƙarshen 1917, makarantar ta rufe na tsawon shekaru uku. Lokacin da aka buɗe ta a ƙarƙashin [[Mandatory Palestine|Mandaten Birtaniya na Palasɗinu]], Turanci ya maye gurbin Jamusanci a matsayin harshen koyarwa. Sai dai daga baya Jamusanci ya dawo. Ta hanyar ɗaukar tsarin karatun Palasɗinu, ɗalibai sun samu takardun kammala sakandare na Palasɗinu tare da na Jamus, da kuma damar yin jarabawar koyarwa. A farko, makarantar ta koyar da ɗalibai 27 aji biyu da ƙungiyar [[kindergarten]]. Saboda ƙarancin ’yan mata, an karɓi maza har zuwa 1930. A 1936 yawan ɗalibai ya kai 370. Jamusanci ya zama tilas daga aji na shida a cikin 1930s. An kafa rukunin Jamusawa da aji biyu da aka koyar bisa tsarin Jamus. Tun daga 1925 cocin Jamusawa da gwamnati sun ƙara tallafi ga makarantar, amma makarantar ta kasance ba ta shafi [[Nazi Party|Naziyanci]] bayan [[March 1933 German federal election|1933]]. A farkon [[Second World War|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] malamai Jamusawa aka kori, ciki har da shugabar makaranta, Sister Marina Kramm, wadda aka maye da ’yar Arab Sister Elia Sa’ati. Malamai Jamusawa sun dawo a 1943 kuma makarantar ta ci gaba da aiki har zuwa farkon [[Palestine War|Yaƙin Palasɗinu]] a Mayu 1948. ===Zamanin Jordan: "Paulus-Haus"=== Tsohon hospice a Hillel Street, da aka yi amfani da shi a matsayin ginin makaranta, ya kasance a [[West Jerusalem|yammacin, ɓangaren Isra’ila na Urushalima]] bayan [[1949 Armistice Agreements|yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta ta 1949]]. Amma ɗalibai yawanci suna zaune a Gabashin Urushalima, a ƙarƙashin [[Jordan]] kuma dole su ketare [[Green Line (Israel)|layin tsagaita wuta]] zuwa makarantar. Saboda haka, makarantar ta koma Paulus-Haus a 1 Oktoba 1950. Shugaban makaranta, Father Sonnen, ya samu damar yin wannan da sauri ta goyon bayan hukumomin Isra’ila, inda aka yi amfani da motoci fiye da 60 wajen jigilar kayan. Bayan shekaru uku makarantar ta samu kusan ɗalibai 400. (Tsohon ginin Hospice yanzu yana ɗauke da ''Jerusalem Italian Jews Association'', tare da [[Synagogues of Jerusalem|Cocin Italiana]] da, tun daga 1952, [[List of Israeli museums|Gidan Tarihin Yahudawan Italiana]]). Paulus-Haus ba a tsara shi a matsayin makarantar kwana ba kuma ya ci gaba da zama hospice. A cikin 1950s an gina sabbin gine-gine, kuma a 1962 aka fara gina sabon wurin makaranta a ƙasar da ke kusa da Paulus-Haus. Duk da cewa an kammala shi a 14 Mayu 1967, [[Six-Day War|Yaƙin kwanaki shida]] ya fara bayan ’yan kwanaki, inda sabon ginin ya samu mummunan lalacewa a wajen. A watan Yuni 1967 Isra’ila ta mamaye Gabashin Urushalima da [[West Bank]], inda wani ɓangare na ɗalibai ke zaune. ==Dubin karatu== Tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu na makarantar yana ƙarewa da takardar shaidar [[Tawjihi]] ta Palasɗinu da kuma {{ill|Deutsche Internationale Abiturprüfung|de}} (DIAP, "Shirin Abitur na Ƙasa da Ƙasa na Jamus"). Abitur ana gane shi ta hukumomin ilimi na Palasɗinu kuma yana ba da damar neman karatu a jami’o’i a Jamus, Palasɗinu da duniya baki ɗaya. Kusan kashi 100% na ɗaliban Schmidt’s College suna ci gaba zuwa jami’a. Schmidt's Girls College ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin cibiyar daraja kuma masu kammala karatu suna da buƙata a wurin masu aiki. Makarantar tana ƙarƙashin kulawar ’yan’uwa na [[Congregation of Jesus]] (CJ), wanda aka fi sani da Mary Ward Sisters, tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi. Makarantar Katolika ce wadda ke bin [[Corpus Iuris Canonici]] (ma’ana "Jikin Dokar Canon") kuma tana jaddada buƙatun [[Gravissimum educationis]]. Tun daga kafuwarta, tana bin al’adun Jamusawa kuma tana da alaƙa kusa da yanayin ilimin Jamus. A lokaci guda makaranta ce a yankin da yawanci [[Muslim|Musulmai]] ke zaune. Wannan yana bayyana a cikin tsarin ɗalibai: kashi 80% Musulmai ne, kashi 20% Kiristoci, wanda ya saba da tsarin malamai. == Fitattun masu kammala karatu == [[Karimeh Abbud]] (1893–1940), mai ɗaukar hoto [[Yusra Al Barbari]] (1923–2009), malamar Palasɗinu kuma mai fafutuka [[Salma Khadra Jayyusi]] (1925–2023), marubuciya kuma masanin tarihin adabi na Palasɗinu [[Shahd Seethaler-Wari]] (*1983), mai tsara birane da gine-gine Jamusawa-Palasɗinu ==Manazarta== ===Zamanin Isra’ila: sabon gini=== A Yuni 1967 Isra’ila ta mamaye Gabashin Urushalima da [[West Bank]], inda wani ɓangare na ɗalibai k 7mhro7ga9z8kvag4ngx492f7579bwbb 0 121534 828204 740484 2026-05-01T00:44:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Lilly Ajarova (an haife shi a shekara ta 1970) yar ƙasar Uganda ce mai kiyayewa kuma ƙwararriyar yawon buɗe ido. A halin yanzu tana aiki a matsayin babban mai ba shugaban kasa shawara kan yawon shakatawa a Uganda. A baya, ita ce babbar jami'ar hukumar kula da yawon bude ido ta Uganda (UTB), hukumar gwamnatin Uganda da ke da alhakin inganta kasar a matsayin wurin yawon bude ido, daga Janairu 2019 zuwa Maris 2025. An nada ta a matsayin UTB a ranar 10 ga Janairu 2019. [1] [2] [3] Kafin nadin ta a UTB, daga 2005 har zuwa 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin babban darektan ''Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Wildlife Conservation Trust'', mai / mai gudanarwa na Sanctuary Island Chimpanzee na Ngamba Island, a tafkin Victoria . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Ismail Musa Ladu |date=10 January 2019 |title=Uganda Tourism Board gets new leadership |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/UTB-Asiimwe-Kiwanda-Ajarova-Ssempebwa-Wildlife/688334-4929804-6ksnod/index.html |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Sarah Kagingo |date=11 January 2019 |title=Ngamba Island's Lilly Ajarova Named New UTB Chief Executive |url=https://www.softpower.ug/ngamba-islands-lilly-ajarova-named-new-utb-chief-executive/ |access-date=11 January 2019 |publisher=Softpower Uganda}}</ref> <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Benon Herbert Oluka |first=and Flavia Lanyero |date=12 December 2010 |title=Ngamba Sunctuary: A new home for endangered chimpanzees |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/688342-1070630-94erag/index.html |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta a Uganda a watan Mayu 1970. Ta halarci makarantun firamare da sakandare na cikin gida. Ta yi karatu a [[Jami'ar Makerere]], Uganda mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma jami'ar jama'a, ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin [[ilimin halin dan Adam]] da [[Kimiyar al'umma|zamantakewar al'umma]] a 1993. Ta samu digiri na biyu a Hotel and Tourism Management a International Institute of Tourism and Management a Austria a 1996. Digiri na biyu Master of Business Administration, samu daga [[Eastern and Southern African Management Institute|Eastern and Southern African Management]] and Netherlands (ES0). Bugu da kari, tana da takardar shedar kwarewa a fannin Board, wanda Jami'ar Oslo da Akershus College of Applied Sciences suka ba ta a shekarar 2014. A cikin 2021, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Doctor of Tourism & Hospitality Management (Honoris Causa) daga Jami'ar Commonwealth, London, UK. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Ajarova |first=Lilly |date=2018 |title=Lilly Ajarova: Executive Director, Uganda Tourism Trust |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/lillyajarova/?originalSubdomain=ug |access-date=11 January 2019 |publisher=[[Linkedin.com]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == Ajarova ta fara aikinta ne a Delmira Tours and Travel a matsayin Manajan Yawon shakatawa a 1996, inda ta haɓaka fakitin yawon shakatawa da kuma daidaitawar VIP yawon shakatawa. Daga Disamba 1996 har zuwa Fabrairu 2005, Ms Ajarova ta yi aiki a Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Uganda, a matsayin Manajan Bunkasa Bugawa da Tallace-tallace da Jami'ar Hulda da Jama'a. A wannan matsayi, ita ce ke da alhakin haɓaka kayayyakin yawon buɗe ido a yankunan Ugandan da aka karewa, da suka haɗa da bin diddigin farar fata, tsuntsaye, kallon malam buɗe ido, hawan dutse, da yawon buɗe ido na al'umma. Ta haɓaka manufofin yawon shakatawa na tsaunin gorilla da jagororin kuma ta aiwatar da dabarun tallan da ya ninka yawan masu yawon buɗe ido. Ajarova kuma ya haɓaka tambarin kamfani na Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Uganda a cikin 2002, gami da taken sa, tambarin sa, waƙarsa, da riga. <ref name="4R"/> Daga Fabrairu 2005 zuwa Fabrairu 2019, ta yi aiki a matsayin Babban Darakta na ''Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Trust Conservation Trust'' . A karkashin jagorancinta, ta bunkasa kasafin kudin kungiyar da kashi 400 cikin 100 a cikin shekaru 5, sannan ta kafa Asusun Endowment na Ngamba Chimpanzee. Ita ce jagorar aiwatar da wasu muhimman ayyukan kiyayewa, gami da Biyan Kuɗi don Sabis na Sabis na Ecosystem (PES), wanda shine aikin farko a duniya don tabbatar da ingancin PES a matsayin hanyar da ta dace don kiyaye bambancin halittu. Tasirin ta ya haifar da shigar da manufar PES a cikin Dokar Kula da Muhalli ta Kasa, 2019. A lokacin da take aiki, Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary an ba shi lambar yabo a Afirka, kuma Chimpanzee Trust ya sami lambar yabo ta ƙarshe daga Jami'ar Yale don shirin kiyayewa, tare da lambobin yabo na ƙasa 4 da lambobin yabo na duniya 9. <ref name="2R"/> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=David |date=24 June 2015 |title=Uganda's hotel grading complete, 5 Star Hotels set to be recognized |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1328973/uganda-hotel-grading-complete-star-hotels-set-recognized |access-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2019, an nada ta shugabar UTB, ta maye gurbin Stephen Asiimwe. Mataimakinta a UTB shine Bradford Ochieng. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Ajarova Takes Charge At Uganda Tourism Board |url=https://www.busiweek.com/ajarova-takes-charge-at-uganda-tourism-board/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503091057/https://www.busiweek.com/ajarova-takes-charge-at-uganda-tourism-board/ |archive-date=3 May 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> Dokta Joshua Rukundo ya maye gurbinta a matsayin babban darekta a Chimpanzee Sanctuary Trust. Ta mika wannan ofishin a ranar 5 ga Maris 2019. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Tenywa |first=Gerald |last2=Nalwoga |first2=Angella |date=5 March 2019 |title=Ajarova Hands Over Chimp Trust Reins After 14 Years |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1495918/ajarova-hands-chimp-trust-reins-14 |access-date=22 March 2019}}</ref> A matsayin Shugaba na Hukumar Yawon shakatawa ta Uganda daga 2019 zuwa 2025, Ajarova ya haɓaka dabarun dabarun da takaddun manufofin da suka dace da hangen nesa na Uganda 2040 da Tsarin Raya Kasa na III. Ta sabunta alamar Uganda zuwa "Bincike Uganda, The Pearl of Africa," wanda ya lashe lambobin yabo na kasa da kasa guda 6. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinta, an amince da UTB a matsayin cibiyar gwamnati ta uku mafi kyau a cikin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Sabis don Shekarar Kuɗi 2020/21. Ta kuma aiwatar da Ofishin Taro na Uganda, tana kula da kasuwancin MICE (Taro, Ƙarfafawa, Taro, da nune-nunen) a Uganda, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayi na 6th Mafi Kyawun MICE a Afirka a cikin 2022. Bugu da ƙari, ta ba da gudummawar yawon shakatawa don haɗawa da kasada da kayayyakin yawon shakatawa na al'umma don sanya Uganda a matsayin makoma mai dorewa. A cikin 2024, an nada Ajarova a matsayin babban mai ba shugaban kasa shawara kan yawon shakatawa, inda a halin yanzu take hidima. == Kyaututtuka da karramawa == A cikin aikinta, Ajarova ta sami lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka da yawa: * Medal na Jubilee na Diamond don girmamawa ga fitaccen hidima da biyayya ga Uganda, ta Mai Girma Shugaban Jamhuriyyar Uganda (2024) * Kyautar Jagorancin Yawon shakatawa na Afirka, Kyautar Mata a Jagoranci, Matsayi na 3 (2024) * Kyautar Champion Conservation, Chimpanzee Sanctuary & Trust Protection Trust (2023) * Kyautar Kyautar Namun daji, Ma'aikatar Yawon shakatawa, Dabbobi da Tsofaffi, Uganda (2017) * Halin Namun daji, Kyautar Hukumar Yawon shakatawa ta Uganda (2017) * Wanda ya lashe mata 100 a Afirka don haɓaka tafiye-tafiye, kasuwanci da kiyayewa (2017) * Mata a Jagorancin Tsaro, Gidauniyar namun daji na Afirka da Hukumar Kula da namun daji ta Uganda (2014) * Kyautar Jubilee ta Golden Jubilee don gudummawar da aka bayar ga bunkasa yawon shakatawa da kiyaye namun daji a Uganda, wanda mai girma shugaban kasar Uganda (2014) ya bayar. == Mambobin hukumar == A halin yanzu Ajarova yana aiki a kan alluna da yawa: * Member Board, Chimfunshi Wildlife Orphanage, Zambia (2019 to present) * Memba na Hukumar, Yanayin Uganda (2019 zuwa yanzu) * Member Board, Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation Trust (2017 to present) Ta yi aiki a baya kamar: * Member Board, Uganda Conservation Foundation, Kampala, Uganda (2006 - 2012) * Memban Kwamitin Gudanarwa, Pan African Sanctuary Alliance, Oregon, Amurka (2008 - 2015) == Duba kuma == * Allen Kagina * Doris Akol * Shakila Rahim Lamar * Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka * Amos Wekesa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.corporate.visituganda.com/about-us/ Yanar Gizo na Hukumar Yawon shakatawa ta Uganda]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1492445/kiwanda-announces-bosses-utb Kiwanda ta sanar da sabbin shugabanni a UTB] * [https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Lilly-Ajarova-free-spirited-and-compassionate/434746-5202688-76wvdw/index.html Ajarova: Ni Mai 'Yanci Ne Kuma Mai Tausayi] Tun daga 20 ga Yuli 2019. {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 669p7qg8nvhjwfjk1qpz754fgwu1fn3 0 124144 828087 750470 2026-04-30T18:35:22Z BnHamid 12586 828087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Una Crown (1926/1927 - 13 Janairu 2013) mace ce mai shekaru 86 da aka kashe a gidanta a Wisbech a Cambridgeshire, Ingila, a cikin 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Da farko an bi da mutuwarta a matsayin mara kyau, amma bayan-mortem ya kammala cewa ta mutu daga raunuka a wuyanta da kirji. Akalla an kama wanda ake zargi daya amma babu wani mutum da aka tuhuma. Rikicin shari'ar da kuma yarda da gazawar 'yan sanda a cikin binciken kisan kai ya kawo hankalin kasa ga shari'ar. A ranar 13 ga watan Janairun 2025, an sami David Newton da laifin kisan ta. == Tarihi == Crown ta kasance mai kula da gidan waya mai ritaya wacce ke zaune kadai a gefen Wisbech kusa da Elgood's Brewery . <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Killer of Wisbech pensioner Una Crown still at large four years after she died in a frenzied knife attack |url=https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/22860866.killer-wisbech-pensioner-una-crown-still-large-four-years-died-frenzied-knife-attack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194013/https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/22860866.killer-wisbech-pensioner-una-crown-still-large-four-years-died-frenzied-knife-attack/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Cambs Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Mijinta, Jack (Ron) Roland Crown, ya mutu a shekara ta 2009; ba su da yara. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ba ta da yawa baƙi, kuma an bayyana ta a matsayin "mai matukar tsaro", a kai a kai tana kulle gidanta lokacin da take can.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Una Crown murder trial: Key things we learned from prosecution case against David Newton |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2025-01-15/una-crown-murder-trial-key-things-we-learned-from-the-prosecution-case |website=ITV News}}</ref> == Binciken kisan kai == An ga Crown na karshe a ranar 11 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 2013, kuma ya yi magana da aboki a waya da karfe 5 na yamma a ranar 12 ga watan Janairu.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Killer of Wisbech pensioner Una Crown still at large four years after she died in a frenzied knife attack |url=https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/22860866.killer-wisbech-pensioner-una-crown-still-large-four-years-died-frenzied-knife-attack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194013/https://www.cambstimes.co.uk/news/22860866.killer-wisbech-pensioner-una-crown-still-large-four-years-died-frenzied-knife-attack/ |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |website=Cambs Times |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga watan Janairu, surukinta John Payne ne ya same ta mutu a cikin hallway na bungalow a Magazine Lane, Wisbech. An same ta kewaye da jini da jarida mai ƙonewa; an ƙone jikinta amma wutar ba ta yadu zuwa sauran gidan ba kuma ta kashe kanta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> An sace kambin bikin aurenta, maɓallin ƙofar gaba, da £ 40, kuma an ƙone tufafinta, a bayyane yake don lalata shaidu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2013 |title=Una Crown, 86, murdered in 'brutal assault' in Wisbech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095814/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> An gano tawul din shayi a kan radiator kusa da bango mai cin wuta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Una Crown murder trial: Key things we learned from prosecution case against David Newton |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2025-01-15/una-crown-murder-trial-key-things-we-learned-from-the-prosecution-case |website=ITV News}}</ref>{{Spaces}} An gudanar da jana'izar Crown a King's Lynn Crematorium a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu 2013 . <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2013, Crimewatch ta sake ginawa da roko. A ranar 17 ga Yuni 2014, an kama mutane biyu dangane da mutuwar Crown amma an sake su ba tare da tuhuma ba.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> A watan Maris na shekara ta 2023, Crimestoppers sun ba da lada har zuwa £ 20,000 don duk wani bayani da ke haifar da hukunci.<ref name="Crimestoppers">{{Cite web |title=Cambridgeshire: Information reward for unsolved murder of pensioner Una Crown |url=https://crimestoppers-uk.org/news-campaigns/news/2023/mar/cambridgeshire-information-reward-for-unsolved-murder-of-pensioner-una-crown |access-date=25 April 2023 |website=crimestoppers-uk.org |publisher=Crimestoppers}}</ref> A wannan watan ne aka sake gabatar da shari'ar a kan Crimewatch.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Binciken halayyar 'yan sanda == Wani bita ya gano cewa 'yan sanda sun yi "ƙaryataccen yanke shawara" lokacin da suka kasa fahimtar cewa suna hulɗa da wurin kisan kai. An gano jami'an biyu na farko a wurin cewa sun "ƙetare ka'idodin halayyar ƙwararru".<ref name="auto2" /> Mai binciken ya yi Allah wadai da "bambance" na binciken.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Jinin da alamun hannu a ƙasa da ganuwar ba a lura da su da farko ba daga masu bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> An tattara yatsun yatsa guda uku da aka karɓa daga Mrs Crown kuma an ajiye su a cikin jakar shaida amma sun ɓace a cikin shekaru tun bayan kisan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> A kan waɗannan yankan ƙusa ne aka gano DNA da ya dace da David Newton.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Zarge-zarge da hukunci == A cikin 2023, wani "ci gaba na DNA" ya haɗa David Newton da laifin.[undefined][undefined] An kama Newton bisa zargin kisan kai a shekarar 2013, amma an sake shi ba tare da tuhuma ba.[3][1] Newton ya zauna a yankin kuma a kai a kai yana tafiya da kare a gidansa.[2] Ya gyara kulle-kulle na bungalow a cikin bazara na 2012. [4] Da karfe 8.30 na yamma a daren kisan wani mazaunin yankin ya gan shi yana tafiya cikin maye a kusa da gidan Mrs Crown.[5] An tuhumi Newton da kisan kai a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2024, kuma an same shi da laifi a watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2025. Bayan hukuncin da aka yanke, Detective Superintendent Iain Moor daga 'Yan sanda na Cambridgeshire ya ce: "an yi kuskure a lokacin binciken farko a cikin 2013, wanda muka nemi gafara ga dangin Una".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> == Eliza Bibby == A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun 2023, shekaru goma bayan kisan Crown, an gano gawar Eliza Bibby mai shekaru 47 a gidansa a Wisbech . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> Kamar yadda aka yi mata wuka a wuyanta, an zana kamanceceniya tsakanin kisan Bibby da Crown.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2015 |title=Una Crown murder: Police thought death was 'accidental' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095811/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-31436332 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2013 |title=Una Crown, 86, murdered in 'brutal assault' in Wisbech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405095814/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-21045735 |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2025 |title=Una Crown murder trial: Key things we learned from prosecution case against David Newton |url=https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2025-01-15/una-crown-murder-trial-key-things-we-learned-from-the-prosecution-case |website=ITV News}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, an sami Jamie Boughen mai shekaru 47 da laifin kisan Eliza Bibby . An yanke masa hukuncin rai da rai tare da mafi ƙarancin shekaru 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Briggs |first=Stephen |date=13 January 2023 |title=Una Crown: New appeal launched to catch killer who has evaded justice after stabbing Wisbech pensioner to death 10 years ago |url=https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404194009/https://www.peterboroughtoday.co.uk/news/crime/una-crown-new-appeal-launched-to-catch-killer-who-has-evaded-justice-after-stabbing-wisbech-pensioner-to-death-10-years-ago-3984439 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ixmms9dxe1f12mg46ea8wiaf86krbcr 0 124330 828101 751008 2026-04-30T18:41:21Z BnHamid 12586 828101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 3 ga watan Yunin 1991, '''Alison Shaughnessy''' mai shekaru 21 (''née'' Blackmore; an haife ta 7 ga watan Nuwamba 1969) an yi mata wuka har ta mutu a kan matakala na gidanta kusa da Tashar Clapham Junction. Shaughnessy ta yi aure, amma mijinta yana da alaƙa da wata mace mai shekaru 20, Michelle Taylor . Wani shaida ya ba da rahoton ganin mata biyu suna gudu daga ginin Shaughnessy bayan kisan, kuma yatsunsu da aka samu a wurin sun dace da na Michelle da 'yar'uwarta Lisa Taylor, wacce ta yi iƙirarin ba ta taɓa kasancewa a can ba. Littafin Michelle ya haɗa da wani rubutu wanda ya karanta: "Tsarin mafarki na zai zama Alison ta ɓace, kamar dai ba ta taɓa wanzuwa ba". An sami 'yan uwan Taylor da laifin kisan a shekarar 1992, amma shekara guda bayan haka Kotun daukaka kara ta soke hukuncin da suka yi musu saboda masu gabatar da kara sun kasa ba da shaida ga masu karewa, kuma saboda tasirin kafofin watsa labarai na iya rinjayar masu juriya. Binciken da 'yan sanda suka yi ba su gano wasu wadanda ake zargi ba, kuma a cikin 2002 an yanke shawarar kada a sake bincika lamarin. Mai ba da izini na Nightclub Bernard O'Mahoney, wanda da farko ya yi kamfen don sakin Taylors kuma wanda daga nan ya yi jima'i da Michelle, tun daga lokacin ya yi iƙirarin cewa ta furta masa kisan kuma ta yi kamfen ɗin don a sake hukunta 'yan'uwa mata. Shari'ar ta haifar da tattaunawa game da rawar da 'yan jarida da kafofin watsa labarai ke takawa dangane da shari'o'in aikata laifuka. == Tarihi == An haifi Shaughnessy Alison Blackmore a Landan a shekarar 1969, <ref name="Doc" /> kuma an haife ta ne a cikin birni a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban dangin Irish. Ta yi amfani da lokaci mai yawa zuwa Piltown, County Kilkenny, Ireland tun tana yarinya. A shekara ta 1986, tana aiki a matsayin magatakarda a Bankin Barclays a London, kuma ta sadu da mijinta na gaba, John Shaughnessy . Ya yi aiki a asibitin Churchill da ke Lambeth kuma kwanan nan ya yi hijira daga Ireland. Ma'auratan sun yi riƙo a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1989 kuma sun yi aure a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1990 a Piltown . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 1992 |title=Man found wife's body after being given lift home by her killer, trial told |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12646181.man-found-wifes-body-after-being-given-lift-home-by-her-killer-trial-told/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205154957/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12646181.man-found-wifes-body-after-being-given-lift-home-by-her-killer-trial-told/ |archive-date=5 December 2023 |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=The Herald |language=en}}</ref> Daga cikin baƙi a bikin auren akwai Michelle Taylor, abokiyar aiki ta John Shaughnessy, wanda aka rubuta a bidiyon da yake sumbace shi a kuncinsa. Michelle da John sun zauna a cikin mazaunin ma'aikata guda ɗaya a asibitin Churchill, ɗakuna biyu ban da juna. Bayan aurensu, Alison ta koma gidan ma'aikatan mijinta.<ref name="Independent" /> John da Michelle sun kwashe lokaci da yawa tare bayan bikin aure kuma wasu sun fara lura da wannan.<ref name="Doc" /> A watan Janairun 1991, John da Alison Shaughnessy sun koma 41 Vardens Road a Battersea (kimanin mita 400/440 yadudduka daga Tashar Clapham Junction). <ref name="Doc" /> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 1991, Alison ta gama aiki a karfe 5:00 na yamma kamar yadda aka saba, kuma ta koma gida zuwa Vardens Road. Ta gaya wa abokan aiki cewa tana shirin samun yara tare da John nan ba da daɗewa ba.<ref name="Doc" /> Ta so ta ƙaura tare da John zuwa Ireland don fara iyali a can.<ref name="Doc" /> Daga baya a wannan maraice, Michelle Taylor ta ba John motar komawa gida daga asibitin Churchill zuwa ɗakin da ke Vardens Road. Michelle ta zo tare da shi, saboda "tana so ta yi wa Alison gaisuwa", kuma a karfe 8:30 na yamma sun shiga, suna nuna Alison tana kwance a cikin tafkin jini a saman matakala.<ref name="Doc" /> Ta mutu kuma an yi mata wuka sau 54.<ref name="Doc" /> == Binciken kisan kai == === Bincike na farko === [[Fayil:South_East_entrance_to_Clapham_Junction_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb|229x229px|Gidan da kisan ya faru yana da mita 400 (440 yadudduka) daga Tashar Clapham Junction.]] Nan da nan ya bayyana cewa Alison ta kasance wanda aka kai hari mai ban tsoro. Tana kwance da cikakkiyar tufafi a gabanta a saukowa tare da raunuka masu ganuwa a hannunta da ƙafafunta.<ref name="Doc" /> Uku ne kawai daga cikin raunukan suka kasance masu zurfi sosai, yayin da sauran suka kasance mafi yawan raunuka masu kama da "pin-prick".<ref name="Doc" /> Masanin ilimin cututtuka ya bayyana wadannan raunuka, da kuma yawan su, kamar yadda ba dole ba ne, tunda ba zai dauki wuka 54 don kashe ta ba.<ref name="Doc" /> Ya ce a bayyane yake cewa Fushin ne, kuma ya ce a bayyana cewa wani yana "yadu da motsin rai mai karfi wanda aka kulle shi na dogon lokaci".<ref name="Doc" /> Masanin ilimin cututtuka ya kuma kammala daga zurfin raunukan cewa mai kai farmaki mace ce, tunda wani mai karfi ba ne ya yi su ba. Harin ba zai dauki fiye da minti 2-3 ba. Ya bayyana cewa Alison ta yi yaƙi da wanda ya kai mata hari bayan an kai mata hari, kuma har yanzu tana da hankali lokacin da mai kisan ya yi wa wasu raunuka 24 a gaban jikinta, ya yanke wuyanta da bututun iska. Wanda ya kashe ta ya ci gaba da soke ta har ma bayan ta fadi a ƙasa.<ref name="Wicked" /> Alison ta isa gida da karfe 5:37 na yamma, kuma 'yan sanda sun yi imanin cewa an kashe ta mintuna kaɗan bayan ta shiga gidan. Koyaya, babu wata alama ta fashewa, kuma ta ɗauki lokaci don karɓar matsayi yayin da ta shigo, tana ba da shawarar ga 'yan sanda cewa ta ji daɗi tare da mai kisan ta yayin da suka zo tare da ita.<ref name="Doc" /> Saboda haka 'yan sanda sun kammala cewa mai yiwuwa ta san wanda ya kai mata hari.<ref name="Doc" /> An yi gwaje-gwaje na windows na farfajiyar, bututun ruwa a waje da rufin waje, kuma waɗannan sun tabbatar da cewa babu wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin tilasta shigarwa. Da wani mai shigowa ya hau bututun ruwa ko ya hau kan rufin da ke kwance kusan tabbas za su bar yatsunsu, alamun takalma ko murkushewa da hannu ko ƙafa, amma masana ba su sami irin wannan shaidar ba.<ref name="Nobreakin" /> An gano John yana da hujja ta ƙarfe don kisan (wanda yake yana Alibi a lokacin) don haka an kawar da shi daga bincike. === 'Yan'uwa mata na Taylor sun zama masu tuhuma === Binciken 'yan sanda da sauri sun tabbatar da cewa John da Michelle Taylor suna da wani al'amari a lokacin kisan. [1] Ya bayyana cewa Michelle ta ga John a matsayin ƙaunatacciyarta kuma ta yi imanin cewa za su sami dangantaka ta dogon lokaci tare.[1] budurwa kafin ta sadu da John, har ma ya tambaye ta ta je kan kwayar don su iya ci gaba da dangantaka ta dogon lokaci.[2] Michelle daga baya ta ce shi ne ƙaunarta ta farko ta gaskiya.[3] Alison ba ta san al'amarin ba, kodayake ba ta son Michelle sosai.[1] An gano cewa John ya kwashe dare kafin bikin aurensa da Alison yana yin jima'i da Michelle, kuma Michelle daga baya ta yi iƙirarin cewa sun kuma yi jima'i a safiyar bikin.[1][2][4] Michelle har ma ta shirya kuma ta biya bashin dare na John, kuma John ya biya bashin jirgi da otal dinta lokacin da ta zo bikin aure.[2] A ranar 24 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1991, 'yan sanda sun bincika dakin Michelle a asibitin Churchill, inda suka sami wani littafi inda ta rubuta tunaninta na yau da kullun game da John da dangantakarsu ta sirri tare. Ta kuma rubuta yadda take ji game da Alison, kuma an sami wani sashi mai banƙyama wanda ya karanta "mafarki na zai zama Alison ta ɓace kamar dai ba ta wanzu ba". Wannan ya nuna wa 'yan sanda cewa tana da kyakkyawar niyyar kashe Alison. A cikin maganganunta uku na farko ga 'yan sanda, ba ta ambaci lamarin ba.<ref name="Doc" /> Lokacin da aka tambaye ta idan ta san idan John yana da wasu al'amuran da ba na aure ba, ba ta bayyana ta ba kuma a maimakon haka ta yi iƙirarin cewa yana da al'amarin da wasu mata. Ta yi iƙirarin cewa ba ta san John ko Alison da gaske ba, kuma tabbas ba ta taɓa zuwa filin Vardens Road ba. Daga baya aka gano wannan karya ce.<ref name="Doc" /> Lokacin da ta shiga cikin ɗakin tare da John, Michelle ta ɗauki matar da ta mutu, ma'ana cewa duk wata hujja a jikin da ta haɗa Alison da Michelle za a iya bayyana ta wannan aikin. 'Yan sanda sun yi imanin cewa wannan da gangan ne. Koyaya, an sami yatsun hannu daga Michelle da 'yar'uwarta mai shekaru 18 Lisa a cikin ƙofar gaba. <ref name="Doc" /> Wannan ya faru ne duk da gaskiyar cewa Lisa ta yi iƙirarin cewa ba ta taɓa zuwa ɗakin ba, wanda ya kara zargin 'yan'uwa mata, waɗanda ake zaton sun kasance tare duk wannan rana.<ref name="Doc" /> Wani mazaunin Vardens Road mai suna Dr Unsworth-White ya kuma zo ya sanar da 'yan sanda cewa ya ga mata biyu da sauri suna fitowa daga ɗakin da karfe 5:45 na yamma yayin da yake tuka keke. Ɗaya yana da wutsiyar doki, salon gashi da Lisa Taylor ta fi so, kuma bai taɓa ganinsu a titin Vardens ba. Ganin ya kasance muhimmiyar shaida yayin da 'yan sanda suka yi imanin cewa wannan shine lokacin da aka kashe Alison.<ref name="Doc" /> White sa'an nan kuma ya zaɓi Lisa Taylor a wani fareti na ainihi. Koyaya, wata abokiyar Taylors mai suna Jeanette Tapp ta zo gaba don gaya wa 'yan sanda cewa ta kasance tare da' yan'uwa mata a Cibiyar Nazarin Churchill daga karfe 5:15 na yamma zuwa gaba, a bayyane yake tana ba su hujja.<ref name="Doc" /><ref name="Independent" /> === An kama mutane da kuma hujja === A ranar 7 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1991, an kama 'yan uwan Taylor da Tapp bisa zargin kisan Shaughnessy. Michelle da farko ta yi biyayya a cikin tambayoyin kuma ta tattauna dangantakarta da John a bayyane.<ref name="Doc" /> Lokacin da aka tambaye ta yadda take ji game da Alison, ta amsa "Lokacin da ka ga wani mutum kuma ba ka ga wani tare da su ba, ba ya shiga cikin zuciyarka. Don haka har yanzu kuna jin kamar kai saurayi ne da budurwa kuma babu wani a can. " <ref name="Doc" /> 'Yan sanda sun yi imanin Michelle ta kashe Alison kamar yadda ta san ita da John suna gab da ƙaura zuwa Ireland don fara iyali tare, kuma tana son John da kanta. Lisa Taylor ta amsa "babu sharhi" ga kowane tambaya da aka tambaye ta a cikin tambayoyin.<ref name="Doc" /><ref name="Doc" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] arhv2o9t3lcwldgr57rur17xzbvw19s 0 125119 828115 753413 2026-04-30T18:46:08Z BnHamid 12586 828115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Haseen Dillruba''''' (transl. 'Beautiful Beloved') is a 2021 Indian [[Harshen Hindu|Hindi]]-language romantic thriller film directed by Vinil Mathew and written by Kanika Dhillon. It stars [[Taapsee Pannu]], Vikrant Massey and Harshvardhan Rane. The film premiered on 2 July 2021 on [[Netflix]].<ref name="release date">{{Cite web |date=3 June 2021 |title=Haseen Dillruba to release on Netflix on July 2. Taapsee Pannu announces with teaser |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/haseen-dillruba-to-release-on-netflix-on-july-2-taapsee-pannu-announces-with-teaser-1810281-2021-06-03 |access-date=3 June 2021 |website=India Today}}</ref> It received mixed reviews from critics. ''Haseen Dilruba'' emerged as the most-watched Hindi film on Netflix of that year, reaching top 10 in 22 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2019 |title=Taapsee Pannu And Vikrant Massey To Co-Star In Murder Mystery Haseen Dillruba |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/taapsee-pannu-and-vikrant-massey-to-co-star-in-murder-mystery-haseen-dillruba-2150172 |access-date=28 December 2019 |work=NDTV}}</ref> A sequel titled Phir Aayi Hasseen Dillruba premiered on [[Netflix]] on 9 August 2024. == Makirci == Rani Kashyap Saxena, uwar gida, tana waje da gidanta, tana ciyar da karnuka, lokacin da gidanta ba zato ba tsammani ya fashe, mai yiwuwa ya kashe mijinta, Rishab "Rishu" Saxena. 'Yan sanda sun sami gawar da aka ƙone, tare da hannun da aka yanke wanda Rani ya bayyana a matsayin Rishu. Fim din yana canzawa tsakanin baya (an ba da labari a cikin flashback) da yanzu; gaskiyar fashewar tana da alaƙa da binciken 'yan sanda da ke gudana a yau. Wani abin da ya faru ya nuna auren da aka shirya tsakanin su biyu, inda Rishu ya ƙaunaci Rani nan take, yayin da ta auri shi ne kawai saboda saurayinta ya watsar da ita. Har yanzu akwai tashin hankali da rashin jin daɗi tsakanin ita, Rishu, da iyalinsa bayan auren. Don ƙarawa ga yanayin tashin hankali, Rishu mai jin tsoro ya kasa cikawa. Kashegari, ya ji ta tana gaya wa mahaifiyarta da kawunta game da gazawarsa na yin jima'i. Da rauni, ya daina amincewa da ita gaba ɗaya kuma dangantakarsu ta lalace. Dan uwansa mai kyau kuma mai ban sha'awa Neel Tripathi ya zo ya ziyarce shi, kuma Rani ya janyo hankalinsa. Daga baya sun fara wani al'amari mai ban sha'awa. Rani ya fada cikin soyayya har ma ya koyi yadda ake dafa ragon, duk da cewa yana cin ganyayyaki. Bayan wani lokaci, ta gaya wa Neel cewa tana so ta auri shi. Tsoron sadaukarwa, Neel ya firgita kuma ya gudu. Da rauni, Rani ya bayyana gaskiyar ga Rishu. Ya fara nuna rashin son ta amma har yanzu yana kare ta daga wasu da ke tsawata mata. A halin yanzu, a yau, 'yan sanda, da ke sane da tarihin tsakanin Rani da Rishu, sun gamsu cewa ita da Neel sun shirya kuma sun kashe Rishu. Suna amfani da polygraphs da hanyoyi daban-daban don gano dalilin da ya sa ta. Sun sami hoton inda Neel ke tserewa daga gidan kafin fashewar. Sun kuma kama Rani yana yaudarar a lokacin daya daga cikin gwaje-gwajen polygraph ta hanyar sarrafa Hawan jini. A baya, bayan da Rani ya gaya wa Rishu gaskiya game da ita da Neel, Rishu ya canza ya zama mai zalunci kuma da gangan ya haifar da lahani na jiki ga Rani sau da yawa yayin da yake ƙoƙarin kashe Neel, wanda ya kori Rishu lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙarin kashe shi. Bayan ya fada cikin soyayya da Rishu, Rani ya jimre da komai kamar tuba. Duk da haka, a tsawon lokaci, sun sulhunta kuma sun fada cikin soyayya da gaske, sun zama masu kusanci. Da yake ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru a ranar fashewa, Rani ya gaya wa 'yan sanda cewa Neel ya zo ya ziyarci kuma ya shiga gardama tare da su. Rishu, daga baya, yana so ya daidaita abubuwa tare da shi, ya nemi Rani ya jira a waje. Fashewar ta faru ba da daɗewa ba. 'Yan sanda sun san cewa tana karya amma sun kasa samun wata shaida ko kuskure a cikin polygraph dinta. Daga baya aka wanke Rani kuma ya bar ofishin 'yan sanda yana murmushi. An bayyana cewa lokacin da Neel ya zo, ya yi ƙoƙari ya yi musu barazana ta amfani da kaset na Rani na Jima'i. Da yake fushi da wannan, Rishu ya kai masa hari kuma maza biyu sun shiga cikin fada ta jiki. Rani ya buge Neel a kai tare da ƙafar tumaki lokacin da yake da hannunsa na sama kuma yana maƙure shi. Ba sa son a ɗaure su, sai suka yi ado da wurin aikata laifuka tare da Rishu ya yanke hannunsa kuma ya sanya shi kusa da jikin Neel. Sun sanya bututun gas don fashewa kuma Rishu ya bar ta ƙofar baya, ya yi ado kamar Neel. Rani ta fita ta yanke ƙafar ragon, wanda daga baya ta ciyar da karnuka. Fashewar ta faru kuma ta rufe shaidarsu ta kisan kai. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, mai binciken 'yan sanda, yayin da yake barin garin, ya sayi kwafin littafin kisan kai wanda Rani ya yi magana game da shi sau da yawa a cikin sanarwa. Karatun littafin, ya fahimci ainihin labarin amma ba zai iya yin komai game da shi ba. Ƙarshen ya nuna ma'auratan sun sake haɗuwa, Rishu ba tare da hannunsa na hagu ba. == Masu ba da labari == * [[Taapsee Pannu]] a matsayin Rani Kashyap Saxena * Vikrant Massey a matsayin Rishabh "Rishu" Saxena * Harshvardhan Rane a matsayin Neel Tripathi * Ashish Verma a matsayin Afzar * Yamini Das a matsayin Lata Saxena * Dayashankar Pandey a matsayin Brijraj Saxena * Aditya Srivastava a matsayin Sufeto Kishore Rawat * Siddhant Ghegadmal a matsayin Ajit * Alka Kaushal a matsayin Mrs. Kashyap * Amit Singh Thakur a matsayin Mista Kashyap * Puja Sarup a matsayin Beena Masi * Atul Tiwari a matsayin Babban Sufeto * Deepesh Jagdish a matsayin Navrangi * Aashiq Hussein a matsayin Rastogi * Alok Chatterjee a matsayin Gandhi * Akash G a matsayin dan sanda * Preeti Singh a matsayin Bindiya * Shyaam Kishore a matsayin Misra * Shivaji Satam a matsayin Ajinkya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4zhadjg25cf9ooshpxojkss8im0z6e3 0 126653 828036 757867 2026-04-30T17:15:37Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwalejin Lower Canada ('''LCC''') wata makarantar koyar da harshen Ingilishi ce mai zaman kansa a [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] . Tana cikin yankin ƙauyen Monkland na Notre-Dame-de-Grâce . Makarantar tana ba da ilimi daga makarantar sakandare har zuwa jami'a (Grade 12), tare da makarantar sakandare da ke ba da duka Baccalaureate Middle Years da Diploma Programs. == Tarihi == An buɗe Kwalejin Lower Canada a kan Royal Avenue ta hanyar Dokta Charles Fosbery a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1909. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History, Lower Canada College |url=http://www.lcc.ca/page.cfm?p=443 |access-date=October 5, 2016 |publisher=Lower Canada College}}</ref> LCC na iya gano tushenta zuwa 1861, lokacin da Cocin St. John the Evangelist ya fara makarantar kwana ta St. John. A shekara ta 1992, LCC ta kara rajista ga daliban mata a cikin shirin su na jami'a, kuma makarantar ta kasance tare da ilimi a kowane mataki tun daga Satumba, 1995. <ref name="School Profile">{{Cite web |title=School Profile, Lower Canada College |url=https://www.lcc.ca/uploaded/1_Publications/University_Advising_Publications/SchoolProfile_2010_11Web.pdf |access-date=December 26, 2023 |publisher=Lower Canada College}}</ref> A yau, kusan kashi 50% na yawan ɗalibai mata ne.<ref name="School Profile" /> == Gidaje == Dangane da sauran makarantun [[Kasashen common wealth|Commonwealth]] da yawa, LCC ta raba ɗalibanta zuwa gidaje.<ref name="House System">{{Cite web |title=House System, Lower Canada College |url=https://www.lcc.ca/uploaded/1_Publications/University_Advising_Publications/SchoolProfile_2010_11Web.pdf |access-date=December 26, 2023 |publisher=Lower Canada College}}</ref> Kowane dalibi daga matakan K-11 an sanya shi a daya daga cikin gidaje takwas, mai suna bayan tsofaffi.<ref name="House System"/> Har ila yau, akwai gidan na musamman da aka tsara don ɗaliban jami'a.<ref name="Webster House">{{Cite web |title=Webster House, Lower Canada College |url=https://www.lcc.ca/student-life/leadership/pre-university |access-date=December 26, 2023 |publisher=Lower Canada College}}</ref> Gidajen, tare da launuka masu alaƙa sune: * Beveridge (Orange) * Claxton (Red) * Drummond (White) * Faransanci (Blue) * Harper (Green) * Heward (Black) * Russel (Grey) * Woods (Maroon) * Webster (Purple, pre-university house) A duk tsawon shekara ta makaranta, ɗalibai suna gasa a gasa ta abokantaka tsakanin makarantu don samun maki na gida, gami da tarurruka da tara kuɗi don kayan abinci da kayan wasa.<ref name="Giving Challenge">{{Cite web |title=Giving Challenge, Lower Canada College |url=https://www.lcc.ca/news/news-detail/~board/news/post/lcc-rock-your-house-giving-challenge-is-back |access-date=December 26, 2023 |publisher=Lower Canada College }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Al'ada ce ta shekara-shekara ga manyan gidaje takwas don shiga cikin "Shourawe", ranar da aka keɓe don gasa tsakanin gidaje.<ref name="House System"/> Kafin shekara ta 2008, an san wannan rana da "House Wars".<ref name="LCC Core Values">{{Cite web |title=LCC Core Values, Lower Canada College |url=https://www.lcc.ca/uploaded/Publications_2019_2020/Communications_2019_2020/LION_Fall2019.pdf |access-date=December 26, 2023 |publisher=Lower Canada College}}</ref> Koyaya, ma'anar kalmar ta haifar da rashin amincewa, wanda ya sa makarantar ta karɓi anagram don rana.<ref name="Shourawe House Games">{{Cite web |title=Shourawe House Games, Lower Canada College |url=https://twitter.com/wearelcc/status/1135637415459270661 |access-date=December 26, 2023 |publisher=Lower Canada College}}</ref> == Shigarwa == Ya zuwa watan Satumbar 2024, LCC ba ta karɓar tallafin gwamnati. Ba a buƙatar takardar shaidar cancantar Ingilishi a kowane matakin digiri don halartar LCC. Kudin karatun shekara-shekara ya kasance daga $ 31,000 zuwa $ 33,600. Kudin karatu da kudade suna da canji daga shekara zuwa shekara. Ƙarin kuɗin ya shafi sababbin ko ɗaliban ƙasashen duniya masu dawowa, dangane da shekarun da suka zauna a lardin Quebec. Saduwa da Ofishin Shigarwa na LCC don ƙarin bayani game da karatun da kudade. == Shahararrun tsofaffi da tsoffin malamai == [[Fayil:HAROLD_SHAPIRO.jpg|thumb|217x217px|Harold Shapiro]] [[Fayil:Lance_Stroll_2017_Malaysia_2.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Lance Stroll]] * John Aimers * W. David Angus * Alex Anthopoulos * René Balcer * Peter Behrens * Gerald Birks * Maher "Brian" Bitar * Willard Boyle * John Brownstein * Brooke Claxton * James Campbell Clouston * Wade Davis * Arnold Davidson Dunton * Filin Nirra * Richard Goldbloom * Victor Goldbloom * George Ignatieff * Lou Marinoff * Pierre McGuire * Stuart McLean * Geoff Molson * Gordon Nixon (an haife shi a shekara ta 1957) * Larry Rossy * Greg Rusedski (an haife shi a shekara ta 1973) * Bernard Shapiro * Harold Tafler Shapiro * Lance Stroll (an haife shi a shekara ta 1998) * Todd van der Heyden * Patrick Watson Ma'aikatar sun hada da: * Hugh MacLennan * [[F. R. Scott]] == Dubi kuma == * Kwalejin Upper Canada == Bayanan da aka ambata == a7qvd6ktxtwurqsfkj0is7nl3i6w2mf 0 126699 828190 757949 2026-04-30T22:45:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leland Erwin Kirkemo''' (28 ga Mayu 1920 - 23 ga Satumba 2010) ya kasance kyaftin din sojan ruwa na Amurka. A matsayinsa na skipper na jirgin ruwa na USS Iwo Jima a shekarar 1970, shi ne ke da alhakin dawo da jirgin saman Apollo 13 da ma'aikata. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leland Erwin Kirkemo a garin Wahena, Cass County, Minnesota, a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1920, ɗan Thorleif Kirkemo da matarsa Lena (née Lone). Mahaifinsa baƙo ne daga Norway wanda ya isa Amurka a 1903 tare da iyalinsa. Kirkemo ya girma ne a Itasca County, Minnesota, inda mahaifinsa ya kasance mai aika wasiku kuma mahaifiyarsa malamar makaranta ce wacce ke koyarwa a ƙaramin makarantar ɗaki ɗaya. Ya tafi makarantar sakandare ta Deer River, inda ya kammala a 1936.<ref name="obit" /> Ayyuka sun kasance da wuya a samu a lokacin [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin hali]], kuma ya sami aiki tare da Civilian Conservation Corps, shirin agaji da gwamnatin tarayya ke gudanarwa.<ref name="obit">{{Cite web |title=Leland Kirkemo Obituary – Oak Harbor, Washington |url=https://memorials.whidbeymemorial.com/Kirkemo-Leland/541565/obituary.php |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=Whidbey Memorial Funeral & Cremation Service, Inc. |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224620/https://memorials.whidbeymemorial.com/Kirkemo-Leland/541565/obituary.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyukan Sojan Ruwa == A watan Fabrairun 1942, ba da daɗewa ba bayan Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na biyu, Kirkemo ya shiga cikin Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka. Da farko an horar da shi a matsayin mai aiki da rediyo, amma daga nan aka zaba shi don horar da jirgin sama a Jacksonville, Florida.<ref name="obit"/> An ba shi izini a matsayin ensign kuma ya zama mai jirgin sama a cikin 1944. Ya yi aiki tare da VPB-197, VPB-102 da VPHL-106. <ref name="Haleakala">{{Cite web |title=USS ''Haleakala'' cruise book |url=http://www.navsource.net/archives/09/05/09052518.jpg |access-date=5 September 2021 |website=NavSource}}</ref> A lokacin hutu don ziyartar iyayensa a Minnesota, <ref name="obit" /> ya sadu da Louise Faye Liermann, ma'aikaciyar jinya ta Soja. <ref name="Louise obit" /> Louise daga baya ta yi aiki a Philippines da Japan a kan ma'aikatan Janar na Sojoji Douglas MacArthur.<ref name="Haleakala" /><ref name="Louise obit">{{Cite web |title=Louise Kirkemo Obituary |url=https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/11477747/Louise-Kirkemo |access-date=6 September 2021 |website=www.tributearchive.com}}</ref> Bayan yakin ya ƙare, Kirkemo ya yanke shawarar kasancewa a cikin Sojan Ruwa, kuma ya auri Louise. Sun yi aure a Knapp, Dunn County, Wisconsin, a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta 1946. Suna da 'yar da maza biyu.<ref name="obit" /> [[Fayil:Lovell_and_Swigert_dine_aboard_USS_Iwo_Jima.jpg|left|thumb|Kirkemo (hagu) tare da (hagu zuwa dama) ɗan saman jannati na Apollo 13 Jim Lovell, Rear Admiral Donald C. Davis da ɗan saman jannata Jack Swigert a cikin jirgin USS Iwo Jima]] == Rayuwa ta baya == A aikinsa na ƙarshe, a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Kirkemo ya zauna a [[Oak Harbor, Washington]]. Shi da matarsa suna son yankin sosai har bayan ya yi ritaya daga Sojan Ruwa a watan Yulin 1975, sun zaɓi su zauna a can. Ya kasance memba na Oak Harbor Rotary Club, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugabanta daga 1983 zuwa 1984. Ya kuma shiga cikin Navy League, Deception Pass Power Squadron, da Oak Harbor Yacht Club.<ref name="obit2">{{Cite web |title=Leland Kirkemo Obituary – Oak Harbor, Washington |url=https://memorials.whidbeymemorial.com/Kirkemo-Leland/541565/obituary.php |access-date=5 September 2021 |publisher=Whidbey Memorial Funeral & Cremation Service, Inc. }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Satumba 2010 bayan dogon gwagwarmaya da [[Cutar Parkinson]], kuma an binne shi a [[Tahoma National Cemetery|Kabari na Kasa na Tahoma]] a King County, Washington.<ref name="obit2" /> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2010]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] mw8yna6l80iv1vg6x4b4mplgegkk3mj 0 127227 828085 759490 2026-04-30T18:34:34Z BnHamid 12586 828085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tsarin Helikwafta''' wani fanni ne da ke cikin [[Aerospace engineering|injiniyancin sararin samaniya]] wanda ya shafi fannoni na nazari da aiki na jirgin [[Helicopter|helikwafta]] . Ya ƙunshi tsarin sararin samaniya na helikwafta, kwanciyar hankali, sarrafawa, tsarin motsi, girgiza, da kwanciyar hankali na aeroelastic da aeromechanical. Ta hanyar nazarin ƙarfin da ke tattare da tashi da helikwafta, ana iya yin ingantattun ƙira na helikwafta, kodayake saboda girman da saurin motsi, gwajin jiki ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kuma mai tsada. A cikin 2013, an nuna cewa haɗakar [[stereophotogrammetry]] da gyaran [[Rigid body dynamics|jiki mai tauri]] a cikin [[Information filtering system|aikin bayan sarrafawa]] sun zama kayan aiki mai inganci don yin waɗannan nazarin, kuma an auna ƙarfin motsi na helikwafta Robinson R44 yayin tashi da ke shawagi, don tantance ƙarfin motsi na ruwa (misali harmonics) da kuma bayanin karkacewa. == Duba kuma == * Tsarin jirgin sama (jirgin sama) * Ana loda faifan diski * Tsarin Rotordynamics == Nassoshi == fxinyudw5bbtxzhvy3balvv65gw9g4g 0 127538 828075 760199 2026-04-30T18:29:58Z BnHamid 12586 828075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Nazarin Technoself, wanda aka fi sani da '''TSS''', yanki ne na bincike da ke hulɗa da asalin ɗan adam a cikin al'ummar fasaha da Rocci Luppicini ya fara. Yana mai da hankali kan sauya yanayin dangantaka tsakanin mutane da fasaha. Kalmar "Technoself" tana da niyyar kauce wa nuna bambanci na akida ko [[Falsafa|falsafar]] wanda ke cikin wasu kalmomi masu alaƙa da suka haɗa da cyborg, posthuman, transhuman, techno-human, beman (wanda aka fi sani da ɗan adam na lantarki), asalin dijital, avatar, da homotechnicus, duk da cewa waɗannan rukunin "suna kama muhimman fannoni na asalin ɗan adam". Technoself ya ci gaba da bayani dalla-dalla kuma an bincika shi a cikin "Handbook of Research on Technoself: Identity in a Technological Environment" na Luppicini. == Tarihi da tsarin mahallin == Technoself ya samo asali ne daga farkon aiki a cikin nazarin ainihi, falsafar tunani, da kimiyyar fahimta.[1] René Descartes sau da yawa ana yaba shi a matsayin daya daga cikin masu ilimin ainihi na farko don yin tambaya game da duniya mai mahimmanci da tabbacin ilimi daga kai. Duk da zargi mai tsanani, tambayar da ya gabatar game da dangantakar da ta dace tsakanin tunani da jiki har yanzu ana ɗaukarsa muhimmiyar taken a tattaunawar zamani game da ainihi da fasaha.[2] Wani babban ci gaba a cikin nazarin ainihi ya fito ne daga ilimin halayyar zamantakewa na farko, ilimin zamantakewa da psychoanalysis. Farawa tare da Freud, al'adar psychoanalytic ta taimaka wajen bayyana tasirin ainihi da ci gaban mutum. ka'idar wasan kwaikwayo ta Erving Goffman ta ba da gudummawa ga ka'idar ainihi ta hanyar jaddada tsakiya na zamantakewar al'umma da ra'ayin gabatar da kai ga ainihi. Daga baya, Foucault ya ba da gudummawa ga filin ta hanyar yin la'akari da yadda fasahar zata iya sauƙaƙa fitowar sabbin hanyoyin da za su danganta da kansa.[3] Yankin da ya fi dacewa da nazarin Technoself yana kewaye da la'akari da ilimin lissafi da ra'ayoyin fasaha. Gano ainihin 'yan adam yana da yawa a cikin masana'antun falsafa kuma alama ce ta yau da kullun a cikin ƙwarewar ƙwarewa game da kansa.<ref name="Lupp 1-25" /> Binciken DeGrazia (2005) game da ainihi / ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ya ba da haske game da ka'idojin haɓaka ɗan adam. A cewar DeGrazia, asalin ɗan adam ya kasu kashi biyu: Na farko, asalin ɗan Adam ya ƙunshi asalin lambobi wanda ya shafi ci gaba da mutum kamar abu ɗaya a tsawon lokaci ko a duk hanyar. Abu na biyu, asalin ɗan adam ya haɗa da asalin labari wanda ya shafi canje-canje a cikin fahimtar kai da mutum ya samu a tsawon lokaci.<ref name="DeGrazia, D. 2005">{{Cite journal |last=DeGrazia |first=D |year=2005 |title=Enhancement technologies and human identity |journal=Journal of Medicine & Philosophy |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=261–283 |doi=10.1080/03605310590960166 |pmid=16036459}}</ref> Ta hanyar raba asalin ɗan adam zuwa kashi biyu, DeGrazia yana sauƙaƙa tattaunawa game da ɗabi'ar haɓaka ɗan adam.<ref name="DeGrazia, D. 2005" /> A halin yanzu, bincike na Croon Fors' <ref name="Lupp 1-25" /> (2012) game da rikice-rikice na kai da dijital sun taimaka wajen tsara la'akari da ilimin lissafi da ke da alaƙa da ƙaddamar da nazarin fasaha. Jigo na yau da kullun a cikin nazarin fasaha shine yanayin ainihi. Tambayoyin da suka shafi wannan batun sun haɗa da yadda ci gaba a cikin fasahar ji, biometrics, da kwayoyin halitta ke canza hanyar da muke bayyanawa da ganewa ko kuma yadda fasahar ke canza hanyar mutane ke bayyana kansu da gabatar da kansu a cikin al'umma. Wani muhimmin batun bincike a cikin TSS shine ra'ayin kai dangane da karuwar dogaro da amfani da fasahohi (kamar wayoyin salula, allunan, da [[Dandalin Sada Zumunta|kafofin sada zumunta]]) a rayuwar mutane da sana'a. Sabbin fasahohi, musamman kayan aikin sadarwa na kwamfuta, suna nuna tambayoyin da suka shafi ainihi dangane da batutuwan sirri, iyakokin ainihi na kama-da-wane, Zamba a kan layi, sa ido kan 'yan ƙasa, da dai sauransu. A cewar John Lester, a nan gaba, "ba za mu ji daɗin amfani da kayan aikinmu ba, za mu zo su kula da su. " <ref name="Lupp 1-25" /> == Kalmomin da suka danganci == === Noeme === Noeme kalma ce da masanin ilimin halittu Marios Kyriazis ya kirkira a shekara ta 2011, <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> kuma yana nuna "haɗin aikin kwakwalwa na zahiri da na wani mai kama da juna". Noeme shine "kasancewar hanyar sadarwa" na mutum a cikin kwakwalwa ta duniya, jituwa mai ma'ana tsakanin kowane mutum, hulɗar zamantakewarsu da wakilai na wucin gadi, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da wasu "noemes" a duniya ta hanyar fasahar sadarwa ta dijital.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Kyriazis ya kara bayyana cewa: {{Blockquote|...The noeme is structurally coupled with its medium, i.e. the computer/internet. It continuously generates its own organisation and specifies its operation and content. As a [[self-organization|self-organising system]] it adjusts to external influences and reinvents itself in order to adapt to its environment i.e. it reproduces (self-replicates) horizontally in a process that can be termed 'noemic reproduction'. This digital intellectual manifestation of a person, if successful, will lead to others copying it, thus noemes are replicating... A noeme is not just a collection of single ideas or solitary intellectual achievements. It is the total sum of all individual cognitive efforts and active information-sharing accomplishments of a person, the intellectual standing of a person within the [[Global brain]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Kyriazis | first1 = M | year = 2015 | title = Technological integration and hyperconnectivity: Tools for promoting extreme human lifespans | journal = Complexity | volume = 20 | issue = 6| pages = 15–24 | doi=10.1002/cplx.21626| arxiv = 1402.6910 | bibcode = 2015Cmplx..20f..15K | s2cid = 16275303 }}</ref>}} === Mutumin da ya wuce === Transhuman wani ra'ayi ne wanda ya fito ne sakamakon motsi na Trans-Humanism wanda ke kewaye da ra'ayin inganta iyawar 'yan adam galibi ta hanyar' yan kimiyya da fasaha. Ba kamar ra'ayin post-human ba, ra'ayin transhuman ya dogara ne akan karuwar ɗan adam amma ba ya sadaukar da kansa don gabatar da sabon nau'in daban. Falsafar transhumanism ta samo asali ne a cikin shekarun 1990s ta hanyar masanin falsafar Burtaniya Max More wanda ya bayyana ka'idodin transhumanisme a matsayin falsafar gaba. Falsafar Transhuman ta kasance ƙarƙashin bincike daga fitattun malamai kamar Francis Fukuyama. === Bayan mutuwarsa === Posthuman wani ra'ayi ne wanda ke da niyyar nunawa da kuma nuna sabon nau'in mutum. Wannan kwayar halitta tana wakiltar mutum wanda ke rungumar karfin da ya wuce karfin ɗan adam na yanzu wanda a halin yanzu ke bayyana 'yan adam. Wannan yanayin bayan mutum yafi haifar da ci gaban kasancewar fasaha. A cewar Luppicini, iyawar post-human "yana ba da shawarar sabon nau'in kasancewa sama da mutum. Wannan yana lalata tsaka-tsaki da ake buƙata don kyakkyawar fahimta game da asalin ɗan adam a fuskar haɗin gwiwar ɗan adam-fasahar fasaha. " Wannan ra'ayi yana da niyyar ba da kyakkyawar makomar da ke damuwa da samun kyakkyawar fahimta ga duniya ta hanyar ra'ayoyi daban-daban. === Homotechnicus === Homotechnicus is a term used by Jose Galvin in 2003 to help refine the definition of human beings to more accurately reflect the evolving condition of humans intertwined within advancing technological society". It refers to the notion that humans are technological by nature and evolve simultaneously with technology. Galvin states in his article titled "On Techno ethics", "mankind cannot do away with the technical dimension, going even to the point of considering this part of its constitution: mankind is technical by nature. Technology is not an addition to man but is, in fact, one of the ways in which mankind distinguishes itself from animals."<ref name="Galvan">{{Cite journal |last=Galván, José María |date=December 2003 |title=On Technoethics |url=http://bib26.pusc.it/teo/p_galvan/technotehics%20ieee%20tradotto.pdf |journal=IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=58–63}}</ref> Luppicini builds upon the concept of homotechnicus in his book ''Handbook of Research on Technoself: Identity in a Technological Society''. Luppicini feels that the notion of homotechnicus contributes to the conception of humans as techno selves in two ways. First it helps to solidify the idea of technology as being a key component in defining humans and society and secondly it demonstrates the importance of technology as a human creation that aligns with human values.<ref name="Technoself 2013" /> He further goes on to explain that human interactions with the material world around them helps to create meaning and this unique way of creating meaning has affected how humans have evolved as a species.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2019}} An kirkiro kalmar "homotechnicus" a farkon shekara ta 2003. Russell E. Willis ne ya yi amfani da shi a cikin takardar karatun PhD ta 1990 don Jami'ar Emory: Zuwa ga Ka'idodin tauhidi na Fasaha: Bincike a Tattaunawa tare da Jacques Ellul, James Gustafson, da Falsafar Fasaha. Willis ya sake amfani da shi a cikin littafinsa na 1997, "Complex Responsibility in an Age of Technology," a cikin Living Responsibly in Community, ed. Fredrick E. Glennon, da sauransu (University Press of America, 1997): 251ff. A cikin wallafe-wallafen biyu ana ba da homotechnicus a matsayin abin koyi ga mai alhakin kai a cikin zamani na fasaha mai yawa. === Avatar === Avatars suna wakiltar mutum, canza mutum, ko halayyar mutum a cikin mahalli masu kama da juna waɗanda mai amfani da mutum ke sarrafawa. Avatars suna ba da dama ta musamman don yin gwaji tare da ginin mutum a cikin duniyoyi masu kama da juna (Turkle, 1995) da kuma yin hakan tare da wasu. " Misalan avatar na iya haɗawa da mutane a cikin wasannin kan layi ko simulations na rayuwa mai kama da Second Life . === Fasahar Dan Adam === Wani sabon nau'in halitta wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa tsakanin mutum da na'ura. === Fasahar Fasahar === Techno-sapien zai zama kalma ce ga ɗan adam wanda ya saba da fasaha. Wanda ke da sabbin kayan aiki da kayan lantarki zai zama mai hankali. === Bayyanawa ta dijital === Bayanan dijital shine bayanan da ke bayyana mutum ko abu kuma yana dauke da bayanai game da dangantakar batun. Asalin zamantakewar da mai amfani da intanet ya kafa ta hanyar asalin dijital a cikin sararin samaniya ana kiransa asalin kan layi. == Muhimman wurare da batutuwa == Yankunan da aka mayar da hankali a cikin TSS sune: binciken falsafa da tsarin ka'idoji, asalin dijital da rayuwar kama-da-wane, [[Fasaha|fasahar]] haɓaka ɗan adam, da kuma tsarin su. Wadannan fannoni na binciken sun sami rinjaye ta hanyar bincike mai zurfi, shigarwa daga mai ba da shawara na edita da kwamitin bita a cikin shekaru da yawa.<ref name="Lupp 1-25" /> == Dubi kuma == * Fasahar da al'umma * Bayyanawa ta yanar gizo * Halitta da kansa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jo8cgee08wklfv6cjo4lj2ud0h6qfra 0 128378 828340 762571 2026-05-01T11:01:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828340 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" |+ class="infobox-title" id="4" |Mai kallo | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Dideban.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Mai lura da tashar yanayi a [[Germi]], [[Ardabil]], [[Iran]].</div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Aiki |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Sunayen | class="infobox-data" |Mai lura, Mai Tsaro na Yanayi, Masanin Synoptic |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Irin aikin</div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Technician|Mai fasaha]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Sassan ayyukan</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ayyukan yanayi da bincike na kimiyya[[Scientific research|Binciken kimiyya]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Bayyanawa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kwarewa | class="infobox-data" |Ilimin yanayi da yanayi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ilimi da ake buƙata</div> | class="infobox-data" |Darussan lura da yanayi (ya bambanta da ƙasa) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Yankunan rashin aikin yi<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Meteorological Station|Tashoshin yanayi]] |} {{Reflist}} ''''''mai lura da yanayi''' yanayi''', ko mai lura da yanayi, mutum ne wanda hukuma ta ba da izini don yin ko yin rikodin abubuwan lura da yanayin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of weather observer |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20observer |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2019 |title=Weather Observation |url=https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/education/edu01met/wxobs/ele_weatherobs.htm |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=www.hko.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |language=en}}</ref> Su masu fasaha ne waɗanda ke da alhakin lura da daidaitattun bayanai, ma'auni mai sauri, tattarawa a kan lokaci, rikodin, da kuma gabatar da sigogi na yanayi da bayanai da abubuwan da suka faru a yanayi ga Cibiyar Meteorological.<ref name="FAA"/><ref name="dot">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Weather observer |url=https://dot-job-descriptions.careerplanner.com/WEATHER-OBSERVER.cfm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320050036/https://dot-job-descriptions.careerplanner.com/WEATHER-OBSERVER.cfm |archive-date=2021-03-20 |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=dot-job-descriptions.careerplanner.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Weather Observer |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20observer |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Early Weather Observations |url=https://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/foundations/weather_obs/side_early_obs.html |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ann Posegate |date=2010-09-01 |title=Observing Weather at the Bottom of the World: The South Pole |journal=Weatherwise |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=28–34 |doi=10.1080/00431672.2010.503840 |s2cid=191342384}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jonathan Shanklin |last2=Cathy Moore |last3=Steve Colwell |date=May 2009 |title=Meteorological observing and climate in the British Antarctic Territory and South Georgia: Part 1 |journal=Weather |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=127–134 |doi=10.1002/wea.391 |s2cid=120366609}}</ref> Yankin, iska ta sama, Radar, da tauraron dan adam duk nau'ikan lura da yanayi ne.<ref name="FAA" /> == Matsayi == Masu lura da yanayin yanayi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ambaliyar ruwa, fari, muhalli da aikace-aikacen albarkatun ruwa. Yayinda ake amfani da lura da ruwan sama a ko'ina, wasu sigogi na sha'awa sun haɗa da yanayin zafi na iska, danshi da saurin iska.<ref name="wmo">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Surface Observations -Synoptic |url=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/meetings/CB/TT-Comp-1/Doc_3-3_9_TT-Comp-1_Australia_ObserverTrainingProgram.pdf |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]]}}</ref> Babban dabarun auna sun haɗa da raingauges, tashoshin yanayi da radar na yanayi, tare da ƙididdigar hazo na tauraron dan adam suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a yankuna masu rarraba bayanai.<ref name="wmo" /> METARs suna samarwa ne daga duka kamfanonin gwamnati da masu zaman kansu. Ana iya tattara bayanan yanayi ta atomatik ta hanyar injuna, kamar AWOS, da ASOS. Wadannan kayan aiki na atomatik suna taimakawa tattara bayanai da yawa.<ref name="dot"/><ref name="FAA"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of weather observer |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20observer |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> Binciken saman yana ba da takamaiman bayanai masu dacewa a filin jirgin sama. FAA ta ba da shawarar wannan jagorar bayanai a cikin rahoto: <ref name="FAA">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Aviation Weather Services, Chapter 13 |url=https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/phak/media/15_phak_ch13.pdf |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=FAA}}</ref> * nau'in rahoto: sabuntawa na lokaci, ko sabuntawa don canje-canje masu sauri * Bayyana tashar: lambar haruffa 4 * kwanan wata da lokaci: kwanan wata shine lambobi biyu na farko; lambobi huɗu na ƙarshe sune lokacin a cikin UTC * mai gyarawa: yana nuna rahoton ya fito ne daga tushen atomatik, ko kuma an gyara shi da hannu * iska: lambobi uku na farko sune shugabanci (a cikin [[Digiri (kwana)|digiri]] goma), lambobi biyu na ƙarshe sune saurin iska da aka auna a cikin knotsmaɗaura * ganuwa: an ruwaito shi a cikin mil na doka, an kuma ruwaito ganuwar filin jirgin sama * abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi: tsananin, kusanci, bayanin * Yanayin sararin samaniya: adadin, tsawo, ganuwa a tsaye * zafin jiki da raɓa: an auna shi a cikin Celsius, "M" yana nuna mummunan zafin jiki * tsawo: an auna shi a cikin inci na mercury, Hg Ana iya samun bayanin da hannu ko ta atomatik. Kodayake rahotanni na mutum suna rufe karamin radius, idan aka haɗa su tare, suna ƙirƙirar taswirar da ta fi girma na yankin gaba ɗaya.<ref name="FAA"/><ref name="BOM">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Weather observer |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/careers/SeniorObserverTechnicalOfficerLevel3.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320050040/https://s.go-mpulse.net/boomerang/6WJWU-82JGA-WH5QR-FV53R-5JQ89 |archive-date=2021-03-20 |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=www.bom.gov.au}}</ref> == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:22022015046.jpg|thumb|Mai lura da yanayi a [[Iran]].]] Ayyukan mai lura da yanayi shine tattara, yin rikodin, da kuma taswirar yanayin yanayi. Aikin yawanci yana buƙatar yanayin saka idanu a kowane lokaci, don haka ana rarraba aiki a kan sauye-sauye a kusa da agogo, a karshen mako, da kuma hutu idan ya cancanta. Aikin yanayi ne, tattara bayanan yanayi da kyau da kuma yanayin da ba shi da kyau. Don haka, yana buƙatar ikon yin aiki a cikin zafi, sanyi, ruwan sama, iska, ko wasu yanayin muhalli. Mai lura da yanayi na iya bincika bayanai game da sauran abubuwan lura da tashar yanayi don taimakawa masu amfani tsara ayyukansu (kamar bayani ga matukan jirgi) da kuma tattauna tare da masu binciken yanayi a manyan ayyuka game da gargadi na yanayi. Yawancin masu lura da yanayi sun ƙware a wasu yankuna, kamar tallafawa sojoji ko tashoshin labarai na gida, kuma ƙwarewa na iya shafar zaɓuɓɓukan aiki na gaba.<ref name="dot"/><ref name="career">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Weather observer |url=https://www.careermatch.com/job-prep/career-insights/profiles/weather-observer/ |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=www.careermatch.com}}</ref><ref name="BOM"/><ref name="zw">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Weather observer |url=http://www.speciss.co.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=304:weather-observer&catid=62:careers-information&Itemid=94 |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=www.speciss.co.zw |archive-date=2021-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320050109/https://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js |url-status=dead }}</ref> == cancanta == Mai lura da yanayi yana buƙatar horo na fasaha da takaddun shaida daga wata kungiya kamar National Weather Service . <ref name="NWS">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Become an Observer |url=https://www.weather.gov/coop/BecomeAnObserver |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320050125/https://www.weather.gov/coop/BecomeAnObserver |archive-date=2021-03-20 |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=National Weather Service}}</ref> Wasu suna amfani da horarwa ko irin wannan kwarewa don yin amfani da lura da yanayi kafin neman aiki na cikakken lokaci.<ref name="BOM"/><ref name="zw"/> Amincewa da ayyukan mai lura da yanayi yana buƙatar kyakkyawan ido, kulawa da daki-daki, da ƙwarewar gabatarwa. Ga wasu mukamai, ikon kai tsaye mataimakan ko ma'aikatan tallafi yana da taimako.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of weather observer |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20observer |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc. |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2019 |title=Weather Observation |url=https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/education/edu01met/wxobs/ele_weatherobs.htm |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=www.hko.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |language=en}}</ref><ref name="BOM"/><ref name="zw"/><ref name="NWS"/><ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Weather Observer |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20observer |access-date=2021-03-12 |website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Early Weather Observations |url=https://celebrating200years.noaa.gov/foundations/weather_obs/side_early_obs.html |access-date=2021-03-12 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ann Posegate |date=2010-09-01 |title=Observing Weather at the Bottom of the World: The South Pole |journal=Weatherwise |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=28–34 |doi=10.1080/00431672.2010.503840 |s2cid=191342384}}</ref> === Albashi === A cikin 2021, matsakaicin albashi ga mai lura da yanayi a Amurka shine $ 52,452 a kowace shekara, ko $ 25 a kowace awa.[1] Kashi 10 na sama da $ 108,000 a kowace shekara, yayin da kashi 10 na kasa ke samun kasa da $ 32,000 a kowace shekara.[2] A Kanada, matsakaicin albashi shine CAD $ 54,174 a kowace shekara ko CAD $ 26 a kowace awa. Matsayi na matakin shigarwa ya fara ne a CAD $ 39,791 a kowace shekara, yayin da mafi yawan ma'aikata masu gogewa suka kai CAD $ 66,135 a kowace shekara.[3] A wasu ƙasashe, matsakaicin albashi na yanayin yanayi a [[Indian rupee|R]] cx-link" data-linkid="119" hR="./Yanbu_Airport" id="mwyg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yanbu Airport">Yanbu'al Bahr, Saudi Arabia shine 200,612 SAR, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of weather observer |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/weather%20observer |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=merriam-webster.com |publisher=Merriam-Webster, Inc. |language=en}}</ref> yayin da a Afirka ta Kudu, matakin shigarwa na mai lura da yanayi shine R245,126, kuma babban mai lura da yanayin yanayi (shekaru 8+ na gogewa) yana samun matsakaicin R407,412. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2019 |title=Weather Observation |url=https://www.weather.gov.hk/en/education/edu01met/wxobs/ele_weatherobs.htm |access-date=17 February 2025 |website=www.hko.gov.hk |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ƙungiyar Masu Kula da Yanayi na Amurka * Shirin Mai Kula da Yanayi na Jama'a * Shirin Mai Bincike na hadin gwiwa == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fjydhjgrry7rs8apfgk37cxg5gotsiv 0 128481 828123 762800 2026-04-30T18:50:45Z BnHamid 12586 828123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2.jpg|right|thumb|350x350px|Waƙoƙin guguwa na duniya tsakanin 1985 da 2005, yana nuna wuraren da Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ke tasowa]] Waƙoƙin guguwa sune ƙananan yankuna a cikin teku da teku inda guguwa ke tafiya ta hanyar iskõki masu yawa. [[Tekun Atalanta|Atlantic]] da [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] suna da waƙoƙin guguwa wanda yawancin guguwar Atlantic ko Pacific ko guguwar wurare masu zafi ke tafiya. Waƙoƙin guguwa yawanci suna farawa a yankunan yammacin Atlantic da Pacific, inda babban zafin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin ƙasa da teku yana haifar da guguwa, musamman a cikin hunturu. Rashin jituwa na ƙasa yana haifar da waɗannan guguwa da sauri su cika da lalace da zaran sun isa ƙasa a ƙarshen gabashin kwandon, suna lissafin gefen gabas na waƙoƙin guguwa. Waƙoƙin guguwa na iya canza matsayi, yana haifar da mahimman yanayin yanayi. A matsayin misali, a lokacin La Niña hanyar guguwar Atlantic ta sauya zuwa arewa tana haifar da fari a Falasdinu, yayin da a lokacin El Niño ta sauya kudu tana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa zuwa wannan yankin.[1] Wani misali na hanyar guguwa shine hanyar guguwar da ke kewaye da Antarctic, duk da haka bambance-bambance na ƙasa da teku ba su taka rawa a cikin kafa shi ba. Idan aka ba da filin ma'auni na tsawo na geopotential, ana iya ganin waƙoƙin guguwa ta hanyar ƙetare matsakaicin daidaitattun sa, bayan an tace bayanan. == Dubi kuma == * Jirgin ruwan guguwa * Cyclogenesis na wurare masu zafi * Guguwa mai zafi == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/stormtracks/mstrack.shtml NOAA National Weather Service - Hurricane Tracks] 44ipsyqanfu23fuaulthsfnqmknp96p 0 129575 828119 765497 2026-04-30T18:46:50Z BnHamid 12586 828119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Colégio Polilogos''' (Yaren mutanen Koriya: 브라질한국학교) makaranta ce ta duniya ta Koriya ta Kudu a Bom Retiro, São Paulo, Brazil.<ref name="KBS">{{cite web |date=2017-10-26 |title=브라질 한국학교 문 닫아…"세금 체납에 경영난" |url=https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=104&oid=056&aid=0010515103 |accessdate=2018-10-14 |publisher=[[Korean Broadcasting System]] (KBS) at [[Naver]] |quote=중남미에서 가장 큰 브라질 한국학교가 세금을 체납하는 등 운영난을 겪다가 결국 문을 닫았습니다.}}</ref> Associação Brasileira de Educação Coreana (ABEC; Korean: 한브교육협회) ne ke sarrafa shi kuma ita ce makarantar rana mafi girma ta Koriya ta duniya a Kudancin Amurka. <ref>Chi, Jungyun. "[http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-05092016-133007/publico/jungyunrev.pdf O bom retiro dos coreanos: descrição de um enclave étnico]." Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, [[University of São Paulo]], 2016. p. 172 (PDF p. 88/124). "[...]e do Colégio Polilogos, um colégio bilingue cujo ensino é reconhecido pelo governo coreano." - [https://www.academia.edu/26508396/O_bom_retiro_dos_coreanos_descri%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_um_enclave_%C3%A9tnico_Koreans_of_Bom_Retiro_description_of_an_ethnic_enclave_-_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Brazil_ Available on] [[Academia.edu]].</ref>Gwamnatin Koriya ta Kudu ta amince da ita kuma tana yaruka biyu a cikin yaren Koriya da Fotigal.<ref>{{cite web |author=Kim, Bruno |date=2016-12-21 |title=Adeus, Colégio Polilogos! |url=http://www.koreapost.com.br/colunas/adeus-colegio-polilogos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091927/http://www.koreapost.com.br/colunas/adeus-colegio-polilogos/ |archive-date=2018-10-14 |accessdate=2018-10-14 |work=[[Korea Post (Brazil)|Korea Post]]}}</ref> An fara ginin a shekara ta 1996.<ref name="KBS2" />An bude shi a shekarar 1998.[5] Ma'aikatar Ilimi (Koriya ta Kudu) ta taimaka wajen biyan kudin kafa makarantar, wanda ya dauki biliyan 3.5 na kudade da gudummawar ma'aikatar da wasu biliyan 3.5 na jari. A wani lokaci ba a yi mata rajista a matsayin ƙungiyar sa-kai ba a Brazil, don haka haraji ya fara lalata makarantar a cikin shekaru uku. An rufe a cikin 2017.[2] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} asp2trfdjbzq50cv6k0iic8wb6c6fpn 0 130217 828055 794744 2026-04-30T17:50:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828055 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Juniper_hall.jpg|thumb|Cibiyar Nazarin Filin Juniper Hall da ke Surrey, wadda Majalisar Nazarin Fili ke gudanarwa]] '''Majalisar Nazarin Filaye''' wata ƙungiyar agaji ce ta ilimi da ke [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]], wadda ke ba mutane damammaki don koyo da kuma mu'amala da su a waje. == Tarihi == An kafa ƙungiyar a matsayin Majalisar Inganta Nazarin Filaye a shekarar 1943. <ref name="history2">{{Cite journal |last=Miyake |first=Shiho |last2=Nogami |first2=Tomoyuki |date=September 2005 |title=The History of the Field Studies Council (FSC) in Britain: The Creation Period as the Council for the Promotion of Field Studies (C.P.F.S.) (1943-1955) |journal=Journal of Science Education in Japan |volume=29 |issue=3 |pages=196–212 |doi=10.14935/jssej.29.196}}</ref> Asalinta an kafa ta ne a [[Valley Farm, East Bergholt]], inda ta yi hayar kadarar daga [[Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings|Ƙungiyar Kare Gine-gine na Tsofaffi]] . A wannan lokacin [[National Trust|, National Trust]] ta sayi [[Flatford Mill]] da [[Willy Lott's Cottage]] kusa. Daga nan aka ba da hayar waɗannan gine-ginen ga FSC don ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Nazarin Filaye ta farko, wadda aka buɗe a shekarar 1945, <ref name="FSC history2">{{Cite web |date=2 November 2020 |title=Field Studies Council |url=https://www.flatfordandconstable.org.uk/organisations/field-studies-council/ |access-date=27 February 2025 |website=Flatford and Constable |publisher=Field Studies Council}}</ref> da kuma samar da damammaki ga yaran makaranta don nazarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi a cikin muhallinsu na halitta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama mai samar da ilimi a waje a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma ta kafa hanyar sadarwa ta cibiyoyin filin da ke samar da kayan aiki ga mutanen da ke son nazarin tarihin halitta, muhalli da muhalli. <ref name="history2" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ayyuka == Majalisar Nazarin Filaye tana ba da ziyarar karatu a waje ko kuma ta yini daga cibiyoyin ƙungiyar, da sauran wuraren da za a yi wa hidima, ciki har da wuraren shakatawa na London. Cibiyoyin sun haɗa da: * Cibiyar Filin Amersham, Buckinghamshire <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> * Bishops Wood, Worcestershire <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Blencathra, Cumbria <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> * Shugaban Castle, Grange-over-Sands, Cumbria * Dale Fort, Pembrokeshire <ref>{{Cite web |title=03 – Dale Fort – Dale Peninsula |url=https://walking-guides.co.uk/dale/03-dale-fort/ |access-date=2021-08-09 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * Epping Forest, Essex <ref>{{Cite web |last=Loughton |first=Paul's Nursery Road High Beach Loughton |last2=Kingdom |first2=Essex IG10 United |title=Permaculture Association |url=https://www.permaculture.org.uk/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=www.permaculture.org.uk |language=en}}</ref> * Flatford Mill, Colchester <ref>{{Cite web |title=Flatford Mill |url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/flatford/features/flatford-mill |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=National Trust |language=en}}</ref> * Juniper Hall, Surrey * Wuraren Shakatawa na Landan: Bushy Park, Greenwich Park da Regent's Park <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partner organisations |url=https://www.royalparks.org.uk/about-us/partner-organisations |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=The Royal Parks |language=en}}</ref> * Margam Park, Neath Port Talbot <ref>{{Cite web |title=Margam Discovery Centre |url=http://www.margamcountrypark.co.uk/1735 |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=www.margamcountrypark.co.uk }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Millport, Tsibirin Babban Cumbrae, Arewacin Ayrshire <ref>{{Cite web |title=Millport – Field Studies Council |url=https://www.field-studies-council.org/locations/millport/}}</ref> * Kotun Nettlecombe, Somerset <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Studies Council Nettlecombe Court {{!}} Somerset Wildlife Trust |url=https://www.somersetwildlife.org/field-studies-council-nettlecombe-court |access-date=2022-01-04 |website=www.somersetwildlife.org}}</ref> * Preston Montford, Shropshire <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Rhyd-y-creuau, Conwy <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sankey |first=John |date=9 July 2006 |title=Outdoor Education for All |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0140528790010408?journalCode=tsed19 |journal=European Journal of Science Education |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=449–450 |doi=10.1080/0140528790010408 |url-access=subscription |access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref> * Slapton Ley, Devon <ref>{{Cite web |title=Slapton Ley Field Centre |url=https://www.bythedart.co.uk/locations/slapton-ley-field-centre/ |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=By The Dart |language=en-us |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216152141/https://www.bythedart.co.uk/locations/slapton-ley-field-centre/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Majalisar Nazarin Filaye ta ƙirƙiri wani shiri da ya shafi fannoni daban-daban na ilimi a waje, gami da damar aiki a fagen ƙasa da ilmin halittu, wanda ke ba da damar aiki a fagen don ba wa ɗalibai damar yin bincike kan ƙwarewar aiki da kuma a ba su damar kimantawa da nazarin bayanan da suka tattara kansu, da kuma bayanan da ƙungiyar ta riga ta riƙe. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> Majalisar Nazarin Filaye kuma tana buga jadawalin da jagororin da aka raba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> BioLinks Kudu maso Gabas da BioLinks West Midlands tsare-tsare ne da aka ba da tallafin caca da aka kafa don ƙarfafa rikodin halittu na Burtaniya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> Da nufin haɓaka da inganta aikin filin ilimin ƙasa, Majalisar Nazarin Fagen Ƙasa ta shiga haɗin gwiwa da Ƙungiyar Nazarin Fagen Ƙasa. Tare, suna aiki don ƙirƙirar hujjoji game da yanayin ƙasa da aikin filin a cikin manufofi, da kuma ƙirƙirar albarkatu don ilimi da haɓaka aiki. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> Ayyukan haɗin gwiwa sun haɗa da: * Wuraren da aka manta: Garuruwa da Birane Masu Kore Gaɓar Teku <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> * Aikin Generation Green Access Unlimited <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Manufar: Rashin ƙashi <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> * Makomarmu Mai Kyau <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Makarantun da suka dace da yanayi <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Barrett, John H |date=September 1987 |title=The Field Studies Council: how it all began |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=31–41 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1987.tb00408.x}}</ref> * Aiki don canza manufofi a cikin ilimi don haɗawa da nazarin muhalli ga ɗaliban makaranta da kwaleji <ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Field Studies Council |url=https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=The Seashore |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715224201/https://www.theseashore.org.uk/theseashore/aboutfsc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == t0hdwilklp2qnp1fxhw5tiw3gfma7bx 0 130479 828122 767735 2026-04-30T18:49:08Z BnHamid 12586 828122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sakataren yada labarai na Downing Street''' mai ba da shawara ne ga Firayim Minista na Burtaniya kan kafofin watsa labarai da kuma yadda za a sarrafa hoton gwamnatin Burtaniya ga manema labarai. Matsayin yana daga cikin Ofishin Firayim Minista kuma ya haɗa da amfani da bayanai game da abin da ke faruwa a Burtaniya da kuma duniya baki daya, don yanke shawarar yadda Firayim Ministan ya kamata ya gabatar da martani ga kafofin watsa labarai. Mai mulki kuma yana ba da shawara kan yadda za a gudanar da labarun labarai da sauran bayanai waɗanda zasu iya shafar Firayim Minista na yanzu ko Ma'aikatar. Sakataren yada labarai na yanzu shine Sophie Nazemi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=Who are the key people inside Labour’s leadership team? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jul/08/who-are-the-key-people-inside-labours-leadership-team |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=The Guardian |language=en-UK}}</ref> == Matsayi == Sakataren yada labarai zai yi jawabi ga wakilan da ke titin Downing 10 don ba 'yan jarida bayani game da abubuwan da Firayim Minista ya halarta, da kuma al'amuran yanzu a titin Downings da kuma majalisar.<ref name="A-Z Lobby">{{Cite web |date=1 October 2008 |title=Lobby correspondents |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/a-z_of_parliament/h-l/82525.stm |access-date=29 September 2015 |website=[[BBC News Online]]}}</ref> Sakataren yada labarai yana aiki a cikin [[10 titin Downing|Ofishin Firayim Minista]] da Ofishin yada labarai na Downing Street. == Tarihi == Masu ba da shawara daban-daban na siyasa a baya sun yi aiki a matsayin sakataren yada labarai. Jami'in yada labarai na farko, wanda aka nada a 1931 'don biyan bukatun jami'in hulɗa da jama'a na cikakken lokaci a Ofishin Firayim Minista', shi ne George Steward, <ref name="BlickJones2010">{{Cite web |last=Blick |first=Andrew |last2=Jones |first2=George |title=The Institution of Prime Minister |url=https://history.blog.gov.uk/2012/01/01/the-institution-of-prime-minister/ |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> wanda ya kasance a mukamin har zuwa 1944. Francis Williams, ɗan jarida wanda ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Bayanai a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], ya yi aiki ne a ƙarƙashin Clement Attlee, a matsayin 'Mai ba da shawara kan Hulɗa da Jama'a. <ref name="Seymour-Ure 1998">{{Cite report|last1=Colin Seymour-Ure}}</ref><ref name="Seymour-Ure 2008">{{Cite book|last3=Colin Seymour-Ure}}</ref> [[Winston Churchill]] ya guje wa rawar, kuma bai nada kowa ba har sai watanni da yawa a cikin firaministansa, lokacin da ya hayar Fife Clark.<ref name="Seymour-Ure 2008" /> A shekara ta 1997 Firayim Minista na lokacin [[Tony Blair]] ne ya nada Alastair Campbell. Lokacin da aka zabi [[David Cameron]], Gabby Bertin wanda a baya ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban manema labarai na Jam'iyyar Conservative ya zama Sakataren Manema labarai na Downing Street. Daga baya Susie Squire ta maye gurbin ta a shekarar 2012. A watan Yulin 2016 lokacin da [[Theresa May|Theresa Mayu]] ta zama Firayim Minista, an nada Lizzie Loudon a matsayin Sakatariyar Labarai. Bayan murabus din Loudon a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2017, Paul Harrison ya karbi ragamar bayan babban zaben a ranar 8 ga Yuni. An nada Rob Oxley a matsayin Sakataren yada labarai nan da nan bayan nadin Boris Johnson a matsayin Firayim Minista a ranar 24 ga Yulin 2019; [1] ya yi aiki har zuwa Maris 2020, lokacin da ya koma yin irin wannan rawar a Ofishin Harkokin Waje, Commonwealth da Ci Gaban. [2] A ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2020 an ba da sanarwar cewa Allegra Stratton za ta maye gurbinsa a cikin rawar da ta fadada don haɗawa da gabatar da sabbin bayanan manema labarai na yau da kullun.[3] Wadannan an shirya su ne don ƙaddamarwa a watan Nuwamba 2020 amma an jinkirta su akai-akai kafin a soke su a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2021, ba tare da wani abu ya faru ba.[4][5][6][7] == Dubi kuma == * Ofishin Labarai (Gidan Sarauta) * Daraktan Sadarwa na Downing Street == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] dkutuh67w749snkbc6940nko5p4gxf2 0 130527 828084 767826 2026-04-30T18:34:14Z BnHamid 12586 828084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marc-André Blanchard''' CM <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Order of Canada Appointees – June 30, 2025 |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/order-canada-appointees-june-30-2025}}</ref> (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 1965) shi ne babban jami'in Kanada, lauya kuma tsohon diflomasiyya. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Wakilin dindindin na Kanada a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, daga Afrilu 1, 2016 har zuwa Yuli 31, 2020. A watan Yunin 2025, Firayim Minista [[Mark Carney]] ya sanar da Blanchard a matsayin sabon Shugaban Ma'aikata tun daga watan Yulin. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Blanchard ta kammala karatu a [[Jean-de-Brébeuf (College)|Jean-de-Brébeuf (Koleji)]] , Jami'ar Montreal, Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London da Jami'ar Columbia . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Order of Canada Appointees – June 30, 2025 |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/order-canada-appointees-june-30-2025}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Kafin nadin sa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Blanchard ya kasance shugaban da Shugaba na McCarthy Tetrault, daya daga cikin manyan Kamfanonin lauyoyi na Kanada, kuma ya kasance shugaban Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Quebec daga 2000 zuwa 2008. Ya yi aiki a cikin ƙungiyar canjin [[Justin Trudeau]] bayan Zaben 2015. A cikin 2013, an ambaci Blanchard a cikin lauyoyi 25 mafi tasiri a Kanada ta Canadian Lawyer Magazine, kuma Catalyst Canada ta ba shi lambar yabo ta Shugaba don jagorancinsa a bambancin jinsi. A shekara ta 2016, an zabi Blanchard don wakiltar Manufofin kasashen waje na Trudeau a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a matsayin Wakilin Dindindin na Kanada . <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2025 |title=Order of Canada Appointees – June 30, 2025 |url=https://www.gg.ca/en/order-canada-appointees-june-30-2025}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, kungiyar lauyoyin Quebec ta ba Blanchard lambar yabo ta Advocatus Emeritus. A cikin 2017, an sanya masa suna a matsayin memba na Yarjejeniyar Ciniki ta Arewacin Amurka (NAFTA) ta Kanada.[1] A ranar 3 ga Mayu, 2018 an nada shi a matsayin Wakilin Kanada a Ismaili Imamat, sanarwa da ta dace da ziyarar Jubilee na Diamond na Kanada na Aga Khan.[2] Blanchard ya yi ritaya daga mukaminsa na diflomasiyya a ranar 31 ga Yuli, 2020, jim kadan bayan Kanada ta sha kashi a Zaben Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2020. Ya fara ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2020, shi mataimakin shugaban zartarwa ne na manajan asusun fansho Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec wanda ke kula da sashin CDPQ Global, tare da alhakin Amurka / Latin Amurka, Turai da Asiya / Pacific. === Shugaban Ma'aikatan Firayim Minista === A ranar 1 ga Yuni, 2025, Firayim Minista [[Mark Carney]] ya zaɓi Blanchard a matsayin Shugaban Ma'aikata. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6tpnpqf07zatc4vh701meh7zx4391ol 0 131563 827986 793697 2026-04-30T13:23:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827986 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar Masana'antu ta Malaysia (MIGHT) wani tanki ne mai ba ba riba ba a karkashin kulawar Ma'aikatar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation (Malaysia) . An kafa shi a 1993 don tallafawa Mai ba da shawara na Kimiyya ga Firayim Minista da kuma amfani da haɗin gwiwar bangarori da ma'aikatun daga masana'antu da gwamnati. An ba da umurni ga MIGHT don taimakawa wajen bunkasa ƙwarewar fasaha da iyawa a Malaysia. Kungiyar haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu a cikin yanayi, tana ba da dandalin ginin yarjejeniya don haɗin gwiwa wajen bunkasa manufofi da samar da shawarwari na dabarun ga gwamnati. Ta hanyar dandamali da ayyukanta, MIGHT ta haifi sanannun shirye-shiryen kasa masu mahimmanci kamar su Malaysian Formula 1 Grand Prix, Kulim High-Tech Park, Cibiyar Kula da Motoci ta Malaysia, Hukumar Kula da Fasaha da sauransu da yawa. == Tarihi == Matsayin Malaysia game da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha ba sabon abu ba ne. Gwamnati ta daɗe tana fara matakan aiki don ingantawa da haɓaka damar kasuwanci ta fasaha ta hanyar amfani da kimiyya da fasaha. A shekara ta 1984, a karkashin Firayim Minista na lokacin Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, an kirkiro mukamin mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya a Ma'aikatar Firayim Ministan don ƙirƙirar tsarin halittu mai kyau inda kimiyya da fasaha da ɗaukar ta zasu iya bunƙasa. Ana ganin wannan matakin a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa da kuma samar da ra'ayi na biyu ga waɗanda ke cikin Ma'aikatun da suka dace. Dokta Omar Abdul Rahman [1] an nada shi a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya ga Firayim Minista kuma ya rike mukamin har sai da ya yi ritaya a shekara ta 2001. An shuka iri na MIGHT lokacin da aka kirkiro Sashin a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Mai ba da shawara na Kimiyya wanda ake kira 'Sashin Fasaha na Musamman' '' (Unit Khas Teknologi Tinggi) ''. Wannan rukunin ya girma ya zama abin da MIGHT yake a yau. MIGHT ta mayar da hankali da kuma jaddada ya kasance mai karfi sosai a cikin shekaru amma koyaushe ya kasance a cikin fannonin fasaha mai zurfi da injiniya mai nauyi. An mayar da hankali kan tsufa na masana'antar da kuma lokacin shiga tsakani. {| class="wikitable" !Yankin !Yankin !Yankin |- |Aerospace |Motar |Kayan aiki na gaba |- |Fasahar halittu |Kayan shafawa da magunguna |Makamashi |- |Lantarki da lantarki |Gudanar da kore |Magunguna |- |Gidaje da gini |Tsarin sufuri mai hankali |Jirgin ƙasa |- |Jirgin ƙasa |Birni mai hankali |Gina jirgi da gyaran jirgi |- |Sadarwa |Rashin da aka yi |Nanotechnology |- |Kayan kiwon lafiya |Sensors |Shuka shuke-shuke da kayayyaki |} == Kwamitin da gudanarwa == === Shugabannin hadin gwiwa === MIGHT tana karkashin jagorancin hadin gwiwa ta mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya da kuma babban kyaftin din masana'antar da Firayim Minista na Malaysia ya nada. * [[Zakri Abdul Hamid|Farfesa Dokta Zakri Abdul Hamid]], Mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya ga Firayim Minista na Malaysia * Dokta Ir. Ahmad Tajuddin Ali, Shugaban Kungiyar UEM, Shugaban [[SIRIM]] === Kwamitin Daraktoci === Kwamitin MIGHT yana wakiltar manyan jami'an gwamnati da kyaftin din masana'antu. ==== Wakilin gwamnati ==== # Ma'aikatar Firayim Minista # Sashin Shirye-shiryen Tattalin Arziki # Ma'aikatar Kudi # Ma'aikatar Kimiyya, Fasaha da Innovation # Ma'aikatar Makamashi, Fasahar Green da Ruwa # Ma'aikatar Kasuwanci da Masana'antu ta Duniya ==== Wakilin masana'antu ==== # Petronas - Petroliam Nasional Berhad # TNB - Tenaga Nasional Berhad # MARA - Majlis Amanah Rakyat # Sime Darby Berhad # BPHB - [https://www.binapuri.com.my Bina Puri Holdings Berhad] # FSMSB - [https://www.firstsolar.com Na farko Solar Malaysia Sdn Bhd] # SCS - [https://www.scs.my Ayyukan Ba da Shawara na Tsarin Sdn Bhd] === Babban Gudanarwa === MIGHT tana karkashin jagorancin Shugaban kasa da Babban Jami'in zartarwa kuma manyan Mataimakan Shugabanni da Mataimakin Shugabanni suna tallafawa. Tsarin manyan gudanarwa yana canzawa tare da ci gaban kungiyar da kuma canje-canje a cikin girmamawa don nuna yanayin yanayin MIGHT. ==== Shugaba da Shugaba ==== * Tun daga shekara ta 2008 - Dokta Yusoff Sulaiman - [https://might.org.my/senior-management/ Shafin yanar gizo] ==== Manyan mataimakan shugaban kasa ==== * Tun daga 2012 - Dokta Raslan Ahmad - [https://might.org.my/senior-management/ Shafin yanar gizo] * Tun daga shekara ta 2014 - Rushdi Abdul Rahim - [https://might.org.my/senior-management/ Shafin yanar gizo] ==== Mataimakin shugaban kasa ==== * Tun daga shekara ta 2009 - Abdul Halim Bisri * Tun daga shekara ta 2009 - Mohd Zakwan Mohd Zabidi == Shirye-shirye da ayyukan == === Halitta da tunanin makomar === Halin hangen nesa da tunanin makomar shine ainihin ƙwarewa da aikin MIGHT. An san shi da binciken fasaha a farkon kwanakinsa, MIGHT yana gudanar da hangen nesa na fasaha da nazarin makomar don tallafawa sauran ayyukansa kodayake akwai juyin halitta da canje-canje ga hanyoyin da matakai. Don fadada hangen nesa fiye da fasaha, MIGHT ta kirkiro myForesight - Cibiyar Kula da Haske ta Malaysia a cikin 2012. == Hanyoyin Haɗin waje == # [http://www.might.org.my Kungiyar Gwamnatin Masana'antu ta Malaysia don Babban Fasaha] # [http://www.jpm.gov.my/jpm2/en Ofishin Ofishin Sashen Firayim Minista] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206111908/http://www.jpm.gov.my/jpm2/en |date=2018-12-06 }} # [http://www.gsiac.org Kwamitin Kimiyya na Duniya, Innovation da Shawara]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # [http://malaysia.cleantechopen.org/ Shirin Innovation na Duniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211132134/http://malaysia.cleantechopen.org/ |date=2018-12-11 }} # [http://www.myforesight.my myForesight - Cibiyar Foresight ta Malaysia] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] otk0m4qw2dqgu7focwy0hdwv3depd7j 0 131844 827974 770747 2026-04-30T13:01:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 827974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, marubuci kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature . <ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l49ziot7ggq9dxsftbzsfxu4gy21xnh 827975 827974 2026-04-30T13:02:01Z Pharouqenr 25549 827975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature . <ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 91f91d5ekridpcc4g86nqagl6j0ucv2 827976 827975 2026-04-30T13:02:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 827976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature . <ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cslcvt4vegjas3qblabdzpj66r8jm9u 827977 827976 2026-04-30T13:02:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 827977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature . <ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3wgynlop9yha7xegqqnj4fb9fe1izox 827978 827977 2026-04-30T13:03:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 827978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jui2xfcnhfrfudddbujebqcdvq1awj6 827979 827978 2026-04-30T13:03:20Z Pharouqenr 25549 827979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oajey76z2u6b574t1y5gtthkudgy465 827980 827979 2026-04-30T13:03:37Z Pharouqenr 25549 827980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London . <nowiki><i id="mwfw">Hawksmoor</i></nowiki>, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9x6lm3k141xo9u2e1dapnjq6q2ow1cx 827981 827980 2026-04-30T13:04:10Z Pharouqenr 25549 827981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale . == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2dds73774nzh1tlhge1wcc4te4mmm72 827982 827981 2026-04-30T13:04:29Z Pharouqenr 25549 827982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale. == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8xcg3dnofst8xrcolbyvg4m2yssf64v 827983 827982 2026-04-30T13:05:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 827983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale. == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gb7zupeu6yd68m4xpa6v28smq08esnx 827984 827983 2026-04-30T13:05:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 827984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale. == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan." <ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3pwkx1pwk6dvb3dxjcch7q2x7s3yk9m 827985 827984 2026-04-30T13:06:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 827985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Peter Ackroyd,''' CBE , FRSL (an haife shi a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 1949) ya kasance marubuci ne na tarihin rayuwa, [[marubuci]] kuma mai suka, wanda ke da sha'awar tarihi da al'adun Landan. Don littattafansa game da tarihin Ingila da al'adunsa da tarihin rayuwarsa, da sauransu, William Blake, [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]], TS Eliot, [[Charlie Chaplin]] da Sir Thomas More, ya lashe kyautar Somerset Maugham da kyaututtukan Whitbread guda biyu. An san shi da yawan ayyukan da ya samar, nau'ikan salo a ciki, ƙwarewarsa wajen ɗaukar muryoyi daban-daban, da kuma zurfin bincikensa. An zaɓe shi a matsayin memba na Royal Society of Literature a shekarar 1984 kuma an naɗa shi [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Order of the British Empire]] a shekarar 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ackroyd a [[Landan]] kuma ya girma a wani gidan kansila da ke Gabashin Acton, a cikin abin da ya bayyana a matsayin gidan [[Cocin katolika|Katolika na Roman Katolika]] mai tsauri daga mahaifiyarsa da kakarsa, bayan da mahaifinsa ya ɓace daga gidan danginsa. Da farko ya san cewa shi ɗan luwaɗi ne tun yana ɗan shekara bakwai.<ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}</ref> Ya yi karatu a St. Benedict's, Ealing, da kuma Kwalejin Clare, Cambridge, inda ya kammala karatunsa da digiri na biyu a fannin adabin Turanci. <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 1972, ya kasance ɗan Mellon a Jami'ar Yale. == Aiki == Sakamakon karatunsa na Yale shine ''littafin Notes for a New Culture'', wanda aka rubuta lokacin da Ackroyd yake da shekaru 22 kacal kuma daga ƙarshe aka buga shi a shekarar 1976. Wannan littafin, wanda yayi daidai da littafin TS Eliot 's ''Notes Towards the Definition of Culture'' (1948), ya nuna sha'awar Ackroyd na bincike da sake duba ayyukan wasu marubutan da ke Landan. Ya yi aiki a mujallar ''The Spectator'' tsakanin 1973 da 1977 a matsayin editan adabi<ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}</ref> kuma ya zama babban editan manaja a 1978, matsayin da ya riƙe har zuwa 1982.<ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> Ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai sharhi kan littattafai na ''The Times'' kuma ya kasance mai watsa shirye-shirye akai-akai a rediyo. Tun daga 1984 ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature.<ref name="independent.co.uk" /> Aikin adabinsa ya fara ne da waƙa; aikinsa a wannan fanni ya haɗa da ayyukan kamar ''London Lickpenny'' (1973) da ''The Diversions of Purley'' (1987). A shekarar 1982 ya buga ''The Great Fire of London'', littafinsa na farko, wanda aka sake fasalin littafin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] ''Little Dorrit'' . Littafin ya kafa wani tsari na dogon jerin littattafan da Ackroyd ya samar tun daga lokacin, waɗanda duk suka yi magana game da hulɗar lokaci da sarari mai sarkakiya da abin da Ackroyd ya kira "ruhun wuri". Duk da haka, wannan sauyi zuwa zama marubuci ba a yi tsammani ba. Littafin ya sami ra'ayoyi masu kyau gabaɗaya game da buga shi, kodayake masu sharhi da yawa daga baya sun sake tantance shi bisa ga hasken ''Hawksmoor'' shekaru uku bayan haka, wanda ya mayar da hankali iri ɗaya duk da cewa yana da hangen nesa daban-daban na tarihi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A cikin wata hira da Patrick McGrath a shekarar 1989, Ackroyd ya ce:<blockquote>Ina jin daɗinsa, ina tsammani, amma ban taɓa tunanin zan zama marubuci ba. Ban taɓa son zama marubuci ba. Ba zan iya jure labaran almara ba. Ina ƙin sa. Yana da tsabta sosai. Lokacin da nake saurayi ina son zama mawaƙi, sannan na rubuta littafin suka, kuma ban tsammanin ma na karanta wani labari ba sai da na kai shekara 26 ko 27. </blockquote>A cikin littattafansa sau da yawa yana kwatanta yanayin tarihi da sassan yau (misali Babban Wutar Landan, Hawksmoor, Gidan Doctor Dee ). [ ana buƙatar ambato ] Yawancin littattafan Ackroyd an rubuta su ne a Landan kuma suna magana ne game da yanayin birnin da ke canzawa koyaushe, amma a lokaci guda mai taurin kai. Sau da yawa ana bincika wannan jigon ta hanyar masu fasaha na birnin, musamman marubutan sa: Oscar Wilde a cikin The Last Testament of Oscar Wilde (1983), tarihin rayuwar Wilde na karya; Nicholas Hawksmoor, Sir Christopher Wren da Sir John Vanbrugh a cikin Hawksmoor (1985); Thomas Chatterton da George Meredith a cikin Chatterton (1987); John Dee a cikin The House of Dr Dee (1993); Dan Leno, Karl Marx, George Gissing da Thomas De Quincey a cikin Dan Leno da the Limehouse Golem (1994); John Milton a cikin Milton a Amurka (1996); Charles Lamb a cikin The Lambs of London, wanda ya lashe kyautar Whitbread Novel Award <ref name="independent.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=22 August 2011 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Rioting has been a London tradition for centuries'"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 22 August 2011. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-rioting-has-been-a-london-tradition-for-centuries-2341673.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022.</cite></ref> da kuma kyautar Guardian Fiction Prize, ya samu kwarin gwiwa ne daga wakar Iain Sinclair mai suna "Lud Heat" (1975), wadda ta yi hasashe kan wani iko na sihiri daga matsayin coci shida da Nicholas Hawksmoor ya gina. Littafin ya bai wa Hawksmoor wani dalili na shaidan da ya sa aka gina gine-ginensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani suna na zamani, ɗan sanda da ke binciken jerin kisan kai. ''Chatterton'' (1987), wani littafi mai kama da wannan, ya bincika satar bayanai da jabu kuma an zaɓe shi don kyautar Booker . ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' tattaunawa ce mai zurfi game da London tsawon shekaru. A shekarar 1994 an yi masa hira game da Ƙungiyar Psychogeographical ta London a cikin wani labarin ''The Observer'', inda ya yi tsokaci:<blockquote>Ina da yakinin cewa akwai wasu mutane waɗanda ko ta hanyarsu yankin, wurin, da kuma abubuwan da suka gabata suke magana a kansu. ... Kamar yadda ya zama mai yiwuwa a gare ni cewa titi ko gida na iya shafar hali da halayen mutanen da ke zaune a cikinsu, shin ba zai yiwu ba a cikin wannan birni (London) da kuma cikin al'adunsa akwai alamu na hankali ko tsarin martani wanda ya ci gaba tun ƙarni na sha uku da sha huɗu kuma wataƙila ma bayan haka? </blockquote>A cikin jerin littattafan ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' (2000), ''Albion: Asalin Tunanin Turanci'' (2002), da ''Thames: Kogin Sacred'' (2007), Ackroyd ya samar da ayyukan abin da yake ɗauka a matsayin [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] na tarihi. Waɗannan littattafan sun bi diddigin jigogi a cikin al'adun London da na Ingila tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yanzu, suna komawa kan ra'ayinsa na kusan layukan alaƙa na ruhaniya waɗanda suka samo asali a wurin kuma suka shimfiɗa a tsawon lokaci. Sha'awarsa ga adabi da fasaha ta Landan ta bayyana a cikin jerin tarihin rayuwarsa da ya shirya na Ezra Pound (1980), TS Eliot (1984), [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]] (1990), William Blake (1995), Thomas More (1998), Geoffrey Chaucer (2004), [[William Shakespeare]] (2005), da JMW Turner . Birnin da kansa yana tsaye a kan dukkan waɗannan ayyukan, kamar yadda yake a cikin almara. An tilasta wa Ackroyd ya yi tunanin sabbin hanyoyin rubuta tarihin rayuwa a cikin ''TS Eliot'' lokacin da aka gaya masa cewa ba zai iya yin ambato sosai daga waƙoƙin Eliot da wasiƙun da ba a buga ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Daga 2003 zuwa 2005, Ackroyd ya rubuta wani shiri mai littattafai shida marasa almara ( ''Voyages Through Time'' ), wanda aka yi shi ne ga masu karatu 'yan ƙasa da shekara takwas, aikinsa na farko ga yara. Shirin da aka yaba sosai—wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "Ba wai kawai abincin ciye-ciye masu daɗi don ɗan gajeren lokaci ba, har ma da bukukuwan da ke bayyana waɗanda ke barin ku da jin mamaki" na ''jaridar The Sunday Times'' labari ne mai faɗi game da muhimman lokutan tarihin duniya. A wata hira da aka yi da Matthew Stadlen na BBC a shekarar 2012, lokacin da aka yi masa tambayar, "Wa kuke ganin shine mutumin da ya yi babban tasiri ga rayuwar wannan ƙasar?", Ackroyd ya ce, "Ina tsammanin William Blake shine mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi mahimmanci a fannin falsafa ko tunani a tarihin Ingila." A cikin wannan hirar, lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya burge shi game da Landan, ya ce yana yaba da "ikonta, girmanta, duhunta, da inuwarta." <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Stadlen, Matthew |date=21 April 2012 |title=Five minutes with Peter Ackroyd |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/entertainment-arts-17790481 |access-date=4 April 2013 |publisher=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Lokacin da aka tambaye shi abin da ya yi a wajen rubutu, sai ya ce, "Ina sha, shi ke nan."<ref name="bbc" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Ackroyd ya daɗe yana da dangantaka da Brian Kuhn, wani ɗan rawa ɗan Amurka da ya haɗu da shi a Yale. Bayan wata matsala ta rashin lafiya a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, Ackroyd ya koma Devon tare da Kuhn. Duk da haka, an gano cewa Kuhn yana da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] kuma ya mutu a shekarar 1994, bayan haka Ackroyd ya koma Landan. A shekarar 1999, ya kamu da ciwon zuciya kuma aka kwantar da shi a asibiti na tsawon mako guda. <ref name="The Independent 2009">{{Cite web |date=12 July 2009 |title=Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html |archive-date=25 May 2022 |access-date=4 April 2013 |website=The Independent}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore=""><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html "Peter Ackroyd: 'Retire? Only if my arms are chopped off first' - Profiles - People"]</span>. ''The Independent''. 12 July 2009. [https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/peter-ackroyd-retire-only-if-my-arms-are-chopped-off-first-1742766.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> A wata hira da aka yi da shi a shekarar 2004, Ackroyd ya ce bai taɓa yin soyayya ba tun bayan mutuwar Kuhn kuma yana "farin cikin rashin yin aure ." <ref name="theguardian.com">{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2 July 2004 |title=London calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |website=The Guardian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFO'Mahony2004">O'Mahony, John (2 July 2004). [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction "London calling"]. ''The Guardian''.</cite></ref> == Jerin ayyuka == === Waƙa === * 1971 ''Kai!'' * 1973 ''London Lickpenny'' * ''Rayuwar Ƙasa'' ta 1978 * 1987 ''Rarraba Waƙoƙin Purley da Sauran Waƙoƙi'' (Hamish Hamilton) === Almara === * 1982 ''Babban Gobarar Landan'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1983 ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' (Hamish Hamilton) * ''Hawksmoor'' (Hamish Hamilton) 1985 * 1987 ''Chatterton'' (Hamish Hamilton, Grove) * ''Hasken Farko na'' 1989 (Grove) * ''Waƙar Turanci'' ta 1992 (Knopf) * 1993 ''Gidan Doctor Dee'' (Hamish Hamilton) * 1994 ''Dan Leno da Limehouse Golem'' (wanda aka buga a matsayin ''The Trial of Elizabeth Cree'' ) (Vintage) * 1996 ''Milton in America'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Takardun Plato na 1999: Annabci'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Clerkenwell'' na 2003 (Chatto da Windus, Nan A. Talese) * 2004 ''The Lambs of London'' (Nan A. Talese) * 2006 ''Faɗuwar Troy'' (Nan A. Talese) * ''Littafin Shari'a na Victor Frankenstein na'' 2008 (Nan A. Talese) * ''Tatsuniyoyin Canterbury na 2009 - Maimaita Bayarwa'' (Labarin Penguin na Gargajiya) * ''Mutuwar Sarki Arthur ta 2010: Tatsuniya Mai Rashin Mutuwa - Maimaita Labarin'' (Labarin Penguin) * ''<nowiki/>'Yan'uwa Uku na'' 2013 (Nan A. Talese) * 2020 ''Mr Cadmus'' (Canongate) === Ba almara ba === === Talabijin === * ''Dickens'' na 2002 ( [[BBC]] ) * 2004 ''London'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2006 ''Labaran Soyayya'' ( [[BBC]] ) * 2007 ''London Visions'' ( [[BBC]] ) * ''Tafkin Peter Ackroyd na'' 2008 ( ITV ) * 2009 ''Venice na Peter Ackroyd'' ( [[BBC]] ) == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == * 1984 Abokin Hulɗa na Royal Society of Literature <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> * Kyautar Heinemann ta 1984 (wanda ya lashe tare) ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Somerset Maugham ta 1984 don ''Alkawari na Ƙarshe na Oscar Wilde'' * Kyautar Whitbread ta Tarihin Rayuwa ta 1984 ga ''TS Eliot'' * Kyautar Gargajiya ta Fiction ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Whitbread Novel Award ta 1985 ga ''Hawksmoor'' * Kyautar Booker ta 1988 don Almara - zaɓi (jerin 'yan takara) don ''Chatterton'' * Kyautar Tunawa da Baƙin James Tait ta 1998 (don tarihin rayuwa) don ''Rayuwar Thomas More'' * [[South Bank Show Annual Award for Literature|Kyautar Shekara-shekara ta Nunin South Bank na 2001 don Adabi]] ga ''London: Tarihin Rayuwa'' * [[British Book Awards Illustrated Book of the Year|Kyautar Littattafan Burtaniya ta 2003 Littafin Shekara Mai Zane]] (An zaɓi ''waɗanda aka yiwa alama a London'' ) * 2003 [[Order of the British Empire|Kwamandan Mafi Kyawun Umarni na Daular Burtaniya]] (CBE) * 2006 Memba na girmamawa na Ƙasashen Waje na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka <ref name="AAAS">{{Cite web |title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter A |url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterA.pdf |access-date=1 April 2011 |publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences}}</ref> * 2006 Likitan Haruffa (D.Litt.) daga Jami'ar Brunel . <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Mahony |first=John |date=2004-07-02 |title=London Calling |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jul/03/biography.fiction |access-date=2014-05-18 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin marubutan yara marasa almara == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g3b9nvw8yeikjp43oyf2mb6jnv1ac6q 0 133217 828089 773745 2026-04-30T18:35:51Z BnHamid 12586 828089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi''') (1862-1928) masanin musulmi ne na Indiya, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Darul Uloom Deoband na shekaru talatin da biyar. Ya kasance Babban Mufti na Jihar Hyderabad daga 1922 zuwa 1925. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Ahmad was born in 1862 in Nanauta into the Siddiqi family; his father was Islamic scholar Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi. He attended Madrasa Manba-ul-Ulum in Gulauthi and then Madrasa Shahi in Moradabad. He later returned to Darul Uloom Deoband where he studied with Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. He studied parts of the ''[[Jami at-Tirmizi|Jami` at-Tirmidhi]]'' with Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi and specialized in [[Hadisi|hadith]] with Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. He was a disciple of Imdadullah Muhajir Makki. == Ayyuka == A Darul Uloom Deoband, ya koyar da ''Mishkat al-Masabih'', ''Tafsir al-Jalalayn'', Sahih Muslim, ''[[Sunan ibn Majah]]'' na tsawon shekaru goma, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban majalisa na tsawon shekaru 35. Dalibansa sun hada da Anwar Shah Kashmiri, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Ubaidullah Sindhi, Hussain Ahmad Madani, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Sayyid Asghar Hussain Deobandi, Qari Muhammad Tayyib, Muhammad Shafi, Manazir Ahsan Gilani da Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad . {{Sfn|Shakaib Qasmi|Noushad Qasmi|2014}} Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta Indiya ta girmama Ahmad da taken Shamsul Ulama, wanda ya dawo a shekarar 1920.<ref name="ulama" /> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Grand Mufti na Jihar Hyderabad daga 1922 zuwa 1925. {{Sfn|Adrawi|2016}} == Mutuwa da gado == Ahmad ya rasu a ranar 18 ga Oktoba 1928 (Jumad al-Ula 3, 1347 AH) yayin da yake tafiya a cikin jirgin kasa kusa da tashar jirgin kasa ta Nizamabad Junction kuma an binne shi a wata makabarta ta musamman Khitta-e-Salihin tare da izinin Mir Osman Ali Khan.[1][1][1] Dansa Qari Muhammad Tayyib ya kasance mataimakin shugaban Darul Uloom Deoband na tsawon shekaru hamsin[2]. Wani dansa shi ne Tahir Qasmi [1] baban qaris Shakir Qasmi dan Pakistan, Waheed Zafar Qasmi da Zahir Qasmi.[1] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Reflist}} kdafy178i3q07w9u07d78mxa8nnw4p0 0 133442 828023 774202 2026-04-30T16:29:54Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin Padua''' Kwalejin sakandare ce ta [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] wacce ke Victoria, Ostiraliya . Kwalejin ta samo asali ne daga Saint Anthony na Padua ( 1195–1231 ). Harabar Mornington kaɗai tana da kimanin ɗalibai 1,921 daga faɗin yankin Mornington. Kwalejin kuma tana da ƙananan harabar jami'o'i guda biyu waɗanda ke kula da ɗalibai 'yan shekara 7-9 a Rosebud da Tyabb. Harabar Rosebud tana da kimanin ɗalibai 300 kuma Harabar Tyabb tana da kimanin ɗalibai 300. Kayayyakin da ke cikin harabar Mornington sun haɗa da sabuwar cibiyar koyon manyan makarantu ta Whyte da kuma 'Cibiyar Fasaha ta St Clare', fatun tsuntsaye da wuraren dausayi/dazuzzuka, wurin kiwo, ɗakunan wasan kwaikwayo, ɗakunan fasaha da kafofin watsa labarai, wurin motsa jiki, chapel, ɗakin karatu, ɗakunan kiɗa, filayen wasan tennis, filayen ƙwallon kwando, ɗakunan fasahar abinci, cibiyar noma/noman lambu da kuma manyan lambuna guda biyu, tare da gina sabuwar Cibiyar Shekara ta 7 da 8.[1] == Tarihi == A shekarar 1898, ' Yan'uwa Mata Masu Jinƙai suka buɗe '''Makarantar Koyon Aikin Kwaleji ta Our Lady of the Sea don Matasa Mata''' a Tanti Avenue, Mornington. A shekara mai zuwa, 'Yan'uwa Mata sun kafa wata makaranta daban, '''Makarantar Shirye-shiryen Padua House don Ƙananan Yara Maza''' . An fara amfani da sunan 'Padua College' a shekarar 1950, inda aka ƙarfafa 'yan'uwa mata su ɗauki ƙarin yara maza na kwana ɗaya, kuma Padua tana aiki ne kawai a matsayin makarantar kwana ta yara maza na ƙarami. Zuwa shekarar 1960, ba a sake buƙatar makarantar kwana ga kowane jinsi ba. Wani muhimmin rana a tarihin Kwalejin Padua ita ce shekarar 1968 lokacin da aka raba sashen farko don zama Makarantar Firamare ta St Macartan. Duk makarantun biyu sun ci gaba da bunƙasa kuma a shekarar 1973 an tsara tsare-tsare don mayar da Kwalejin Padua zuwa Titin Oakbank, Mornington, wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 1975. An gudanar da bikin buɗewa a hukumance daga baya, a watan Fabrairun 1977. Yayin da yawan masu rajista ya ƙaru, an kafa harabar jami'a ta biyu a Inglewood Crescent, Rosebud a shekarar 1987 da kuma ta uku a Tyabb a shekarar 2014. Hukumar gudanarwa ta Kwalejin ta koma daga 'Yan'uwa Mata na Rahama a shekarar 1976 zuwa manyan malamai, ciki har da Bernard McDowell (1977–1983), Peter Gurry (1984–1995), Patricia Cowling (1996–2000), Christopher Houlihan (2001–2015) da Anthony Banks (2016–2022). Shugabar Kwalejin '''Kelly McGurn''' ta fara aiki a watan Yunin 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Future Planning |url=https://www.padua.vic.edu.au/about-us/future-planning |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Padua |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Gidaje == {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" | |'''Ƙungiyar Cocin Australiya (JA)''' | '''Ƙungiyar Cocin Zamani (KORE)''' | '''Ƙungiyar Gidan Franciscan (ZINARIYA)''' | '''Ƙungiyar Mercy House (SHUDI)''' |- | rowspan="2" | '''Makarantar Manyan Makarantun Mornington (Shekara ta 10–12)''' | Mackillop | Yohanna na 23 | Francis | Rahama |- | Djeembana | Merton | Elizabeth | Bernard |- | rowspan="2" | '''Cibiyar Ƙaramin Mornington (Shekara ta 7–9)''' | Chisholm | Kolbe | Assisi | Frayne |- | Mannix | Romero | Clare | Sebastian |- | '''Rosebud Junior Campus (Shekaru 7-9)''' | Gold | Teresa | Anthony | McAuley |- | '''Tyabb Junior Campus (Shekara ta 7–9)''' | McCormack | Cardijn | Geoghegan | Doyle |} == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == * Ned Cahill, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Essendon. * Liz Cambage (an haife ta a shekara ta 1991), 'yar wasan ƙwallon kwando a gasar Firimiya ta Mata ta Isra'ila * Christopher Chung, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo * Hunter Clark, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta St. Kilda * Simon Cook, ɗan wasan kurket na ƙasar Australiya * Luke Davies-Uniacke, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta North Melbourne * Paul Dempsey, mawaƙi kuma mai rubuta waƙa, mawaƙi kuma mai guitar, ''Wani abu ga Kate'' * Sam De Koning, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL na ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Geelong * Tom De Koning, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta St Kilda * Mitch Hallahan, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar Gold Coast Suns * Will Hamill, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Adelaide * Lee Harding, mawaƙi * Bridie Kennedy, 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta AFLW a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Carlton * Tom Lynch, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL na Richmond Football Club kuma ɗan wasan Premiership na 2019, 2020 * Darren Minchington, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta St Kilda * Myles Poholke, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Adelaide * Toby Thurstans, ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na AFL a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Port Adelaide * Nicky Whelan, 'yar wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai tallan kayan kawa == Manazarta == 250u4wb5t4ntok9h62gly37ov7jpgc4 0 134098 828032 775441 2026-04-30T17:04:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Avenida_de_Mayo_Café_Tortoni.jpg|thumb|Bayyanar waje daga Avenida de Mayo]]{{Databox}} '''Academia Nacional del Tango de la República''' [[Argentina]] wata hukuma ce a [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina, wacce ke cikin Avenida de Mayo sama da Cafe Tortoni.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2013-02-14 |title=Café Tortoni |url=https://turismo.buenosaires.gob.ar/es/gastronomico/caf%C3%A9-tortoni |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=Sitio oficial de turismo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires |language=es}}</ref> == Bayani na gaba ɗaya == An kafa gidan kayan gargajiya a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1990, ta hanyar dokar kasa tare da manufar tattara, tsarawa, sake dubawa da adanawa daga asarar ko lalata al'adun tango.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=La Academia Nacional del Tango celebró sus 25 años en La 2x4 {{!}} Buenos Aires Ciudad - Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires |url=https://buenosaires.gob.ar/noticias/la-academia-nacional-del-tango-celebra-sus-25-anos-en-la-2x4 |access-date=2025-06-06 |website=buenosaires.gob.ar }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban farko shi ne mawaki kuma marubucin tango Horacio Ferrer.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyuka == The Academy has a comprehensive library and regularly conducts seminars, workshops and exhibitions.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2016}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Littattafai == Kwalejin ta samar da jerin wallafe-wallafe a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban (littattafai, mujallu, littattafai) da jaridu El Chamuyo da El Chamuyito . [1] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin gidajen tarihi na kiɗa * Cafe Tortoni == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} hkzu701z3ogttsjfaalhgw6e0o2o3ij 0 134407 828108 775992 2026-04-30T18:43:38Z BnHamid 12586 828108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Richard Joseph Riordan''' (1 ga Mayu, 1930 - 19 ga Afrilu, 2023) ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka, mai saka hannun jari, kwamandan soja, mai ba da agaji, kuma ɗan siyasa. Tsohon sojan Koriya da aka yi wa ado kuma memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], Riordan ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na 39 na Los Angeles daga 1993 zuwa 2001; ya kasance dan jam'iyyar Republicano na baya-bayan nan da ya rike wannan mukamin. Ya tsaya takarar gwamna a Zaben gwamna na California na 2002, inda ya rasa zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican. Bayan siyasa, ya ci gaba da aikinsa na kasuwanci, ya kware a cikin masu zaman kansu. == Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi, da aiki == An haifi Riordan ne a Flushing, Queens, ga dangin Irish-Amurka, ɗan Geraldine (Doyle) da William O. Riordan . Shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'yansu tara. Bayan ya girma a New Rochelle, New York, ya fara shiga Jami'ar Santa Clara a kan tallafin kwallon kafa, amma ya koma Jami'ar Princeton, inda ya kammala a 1952 tare da A.B. a falsafar. <ref name="Hafner" /> Babban jarabawarsa mai taken "A Study of the Thomistic Faculty Psychology. " Daga nan sai ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka a matsayin mataimakin farko a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya. <ref name="Hafner" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riordan |first=Richard Joseph |date=1952 |title=A Study of the Thomistic Faculty Psychology |url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp016m311q375}}</ref> Bayan ya bar soja, ya sami J.D. daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1956. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. History: Biographies – Richard J Riordan |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/richard-j-riordan |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=encyclopedia.com}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya koma Los Angeles, ya shiga Kamfanin lauya na O'Melveny &amp;amp; Myers. A shekara ta 1959, ya bar ya zama abokin tarayya na Nossaman LLP . A shekara ta 1975, ya kasance abokin kafa kamfanin lauya na Riordan & McKinzie, wanda ya haɗu da Bingham McCutchen a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Riordan ya fara saka hannun jari a cikin shekarun 1950 tare da gado na $ 80,000 daga mahaifinsa, wanda daga ƙarshe ya girma zuwa dukiyar miliyoyin daloli.[1] A shekara ta 1982, ya kasance wanda ya kafa kamfanin Riordan, Lewis & Haden mai zaman kansa.[2] A matsayinsa na mai ba da agaji, ya kafa Gidauniyar Riordan, ƙungiyar sadaka don fadada ilimin yara. == Magajin garin Los Angeles == [[Fayil:Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Riordan.jpg|right|thumb|Riordan tare da Shugaba [[Bill Clinton]] a 1993]] Lokacin da Tom Bradley ya sanar da cewa yana ritaya a matsayin magajin gari na Los Angeles, Riordan ya sa ido kan Zaben 1993. Riordan ya ci nasara da kashi 54% na kuri'un, <ref name="Hafner" /> ya zama magajin gari na farko na Jamhuriyar Republican a cikin shekaru 36. A matsayinsa na magajin gari, Majalisar Birnin Los Angeles mai tsananin Democrat ta toshe yawancin shawararsa, ko kuma sun tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba a zahiri. Misali, makarantar 'yan sanda ba ta da isasshen ɗakin aji ko malamai don horar da sabbin jami'an' yan sanda kamar yadda Riordan ya yi alkawari da farko. Ya daidaita wasu ka'idojin kasuwanci kuma ya kafa cibiyoyin "dakatar da ɗaya" a kusa da birni don ayyuka, kamar aikace-aikacen izini. Riordan ya yi jayayya da magajin shugaban 'yan sanda Daryl Gates, tsohon kwamishinan' yan sanda na Philadelphia Willie Williams, amma ya lura da raguwar aikata laifuka a cikin birni. Daga ƙarshe, Riordan ya maye gurbin Williams da tsohon dan wasan LAPD Bernard Parks a shekarar 1997, shekarar da aka sake zabarsa a matsayin magajin gari a kan Sanata na Jihar California Tom Hayden . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Kafin ya zama magajin gari, Riordan ya jagoranci nasarar da aka samu a zaben iyakance wa'adin zabe kuma saboda haka an iyakance shi daga ofis a shekara ta 2001. Riordan ya amince da mai ba shi shawara da abokinsa, Steve Soboroff, don ya gaji shi. Soboroff, duk da haka, ya zo na uku a zaben fidda gwani na magajin gari wanda ba na jam'iyya ba. Tsohon Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California Antonio Villaraigosa ya ci gaba zuwa karo na biyu da James Hahn . Riordan ya goyi bayan Villaraigosa a zagaye na biyu, amma Hahn ya ci nasara kuma ya gaji shi a matsayin magajin gari. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, Villaraigosa ya ci Hahn a wasan 2005 kuma ya zama Magajin gari.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == 2002 California Gwamna tseren == A shekara ta 2002, Riordan ya yanke shawarar neman Gwamna. A Zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican, ya fuskanci dan kasuwa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Bill Simon da tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin California Bill Jones. Kodayake Riordan yana da maki 30 a farkon tseren, Simon ya doke shi da maki 18. Rashin Riordan galibi ana iya danganta shi da tushen jam'iyyar Republican mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya ki amincewa da Jamhuriyar Republicanism da ƙoƙarin motsa jam'iyyar zuwa cibiyar siyasa.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gwamnan Democrat mai ci Gray Davis ya ji yana da damar da ta fi dacewa don doke Simon, don haka ya kashe miliyoyin daloli yana gudanar da tallace-tallace na kai hari a kan Riordan a zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican. Shirye-shiryen jam'iyya na Davis ya yi nasara. Riordan ya rasa zaben fidda gwani, kuma Davis ya ci Simon 47%-42% a babban zaben.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}{{subscription required}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] o2n4vfkv9tccel4m015a2g2ftfb7hfh 828110 828108 2026-04-30T18:43:52Z BnHamid 12586 828110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Richard Joseph Riordan''' (1 ga Mayu, 1930 - 19 ga Afrilu, 2023) ɗan kasuwa ne na Amurka, mai saka hannun jari, kwamandan soja, mai ba da agaji, kuma ɗan siyasa. Tsohon sojan Koriya da aka yi wa ado kuma memba na [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Jam'iyyar Republican]], Riordan ya yi aiki a matsayin magajin gari na 39 na Los Angeles daga 1993 zuwa 2001; ya kasance dan jam'iyyar Republicano na baya-bayan nan da ya rike wannan mukamin. Ya tsaya takarar gwamna a Zaben gwamna na California na 2002, inda ya rasa zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican. Bayan siyasa, ya ci gaba da aikinsa na kasuwanci, ya kware a cikin masu zaman kansu. == Rayuwa ta farko, ilimi, da aiki == An haifi Riordan ne a Flushing, Queens, ga dangin Irish-Amurka, ɗan Geraldine (Doyle) da William O. Riordan . Shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'yansu tara. Bayan ya girma a New Rochelle, New York, ya fara shiga Jami'ar Santa Clara a kan tallafin kwallon kafa, amma ya koma Jami'ar Princeton, inda ya kammala a 1952 tare da A.B. a falsafar. <ref name="Hafner" /> Babban jarabawarsa mai taken "A Study of the Thomistic Faculty Psychology. " Daga nan sai ya yi aiki a cikin Sojojin Amurka a matsayin mataimakin farko a lokacin Yaƙin Koriya. <ref name="Hafner" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Riordan |first=Richard Joseph |date=1952 |title=A Study of the Thomistic Faculty Psychology |url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp016m311q375}}</ref> Bayan ya bar soja, ya sami J.D. daga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Michigan a shekarar 1956. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. History: Biographies – Richard J Riordan |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/us-history-biographies/richard-j-riordan |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=encyclopedia.com}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, ya koma Los Angeles, ya shiga Kamfanin lauya na O'Melveny &amp;amp; Myers. A shekara ta 1959, ya bar ya zama abokin tarayya na Nossaman LLP . A shekara ta 1975, ya kasance abokin kafa kamfanin lauya na Riordan & McKinzie, wanda ya haɗu da Bingham McCutchen a shekara ta 2003. <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Riordan ya fara saka hannun jari a cikin shekarun 1950 tare da gado na $ 80,000 daga mahaifinsa, wanda daga ƙarshe ya girma zuwa dukiyar miliyoyin daloli.[1] A shekara ta 1982, ya kasance wanda ya kafa kamfanin Riordan, Lewis & Haden mai zaman kansa.[2] A matsayinsa na mai ba da agaji, ya kafa Gidauniyar Riordan, ƙungiyar sadaka don fadada ilimin yara. == Magajin garin Los Angeles == [[Fayil:Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Riordan.jpg|right|thumb|Riordan tare da Shugaba [[Bill Clinton]] a 1993]] Lokacin da Tom Bradley ya sanar da cewa yana ritaya a matsayin magajin gari na Los Angeles, Riordan ya sa ido kan Zaben 1993. Riordan ya ci nasara da kashi 54% na kuri'un, <ref name="Hafner" /> ya zama magajin gari na farko na Jamhuriyar Republican a cikin shekaru 36. A matsayinsa na magajin gari, Majalisar Birnin Los Angeles mai tsananin Democrat ta toshe yawancin shawararsa, ko kuma sun tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba a zahiri. Misali, makarantar 'yan sanda ba ta da isasshen ɗakin aji ko malamai don horar da sabbin jami'an' yan sanda kamar yadda Riordan ya yi alkawari da farko. Ya daidaita wasu ka'idojin kasuwanci kuma ya kafa cibiyoyin "dakatar da ɗaya" a kusa da birni don ayyuka, kamar aikace-aikacen izini. Riordan ya yi jayayya da magajin shugaban 'yan sanda Daryl Gates, tsohon kwamishinan' yan sanda na Philadelphia Willie Williams, amma ya lura da raguwar aikata laifuka a cikin birni. Daga ƙarshe, Riordan ya maye gurbin Williams da tsohon dan wasan LAPD Bernard Parks a shekarar 1997, shekarar da aka sake zabarsa a matsayin magajin gari a kan Sanata na Jihar California Tom Hayden . <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Kafin ya zama magajin gari, Riordan ya jagoranci nasarar da aka samu a zaben iyakance wa'adin zabe kuma saboda haka an iyakance shi daga ofis a shekara ta 2001. Riordan ya amince da mai ba shi shawara da abokinsa, Steve Soboroff, don ya gaji shi. Soboroff, duk da haka, ya zo na uku a zaben fidda gwani na magajin gari wanda ba na jam'iyya ba. Tsohon Kakakin Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California Antonio Villaraigosa ya ci gaba zuwa karo na biyu da James Hahn . Riordan ya goyi bayan Villaraigosa a zagaye na biyu, amma Hahn ya ci nasara kuma ya gaji shi a matsayin magajin gari. Shekaru hudu bayan haka, Villaraigosa ya ci Hahn a wasan 2005 kuma ya zama Magajin gari.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> == 2002 California Gwamna tseren == A shekara ta 2002, Riordan ya yanke shawarar neman Gwamna. A Zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican, ya fuskanci dan kasuwa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya Bill Simon da tsohon Sakataren Gwamnatin California Bill Jones. Kodayake Riordan yana da maki 30 a farkon tseren, Simon ya doke shi da maki 18. Rashin Riordan galibi ana iya danganta shi da tushen jam'iyyar Republican mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ya ki amincewa da Jamhuriyar Republicanism da ƙoƙarin motsa jam'iyyar zuwa cibiyar siyasa.<ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> Gwamnan Democrat mai ci Gray Davis ya ji yana da damar da ta fi dacewa don doke Simon, don haka ya kashe miliyoyin daloli yana gudanar da tallace-tallace na kai hari a kan Riordan a zaben fidda gwani na Jamhuriyar Republican. Shirye-shiryen jam'iyya na Davis ya yi nasara. Riordan ya rasa zaben fidda gwani, kuma Davis ya ci Simon 47%-42% a babban zaben.<ref>{{Cite magazine}}{{subscription required}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1930]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] 4hxmrcox5nzfan443c320bp8khfbpsk 0 134825 828103 776760 2026-04-30T18:41:50Z BnHamid 12586 828103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Judith Hermann''' (an haife ta a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1970) marubuciya ce 'yar ƙasar Jamus. Ta buga littattafai da dama na gajerun labarai kuma an buga littafinta na farko a shekarar 2014. Ita ce babbar jaruma a ƙungiyar marubuta mata ta ''Fräuleinwender'' ("girl wonder"). == Rayuwa == An haifi Hermann a Yammacin Berlin . Ta girma a unguwar Neukölln ta Yammacin Berlin kuma ta ci gaba da zama a can har zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1990, lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa gundumar Prenzlauer Berg a tsohuwar Gabashin Berlin. Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin Jamusanci da Falsafa kuma ta halarci Berliner Journalistenschule, wata makarantar kwararru da 'yan jarida ke zaba. A lokacin wannan horon, ta yi aikin horo tare da jaridar Jamusanci ta ''Aufbau'' a New York. Yayin da take Amurka, ta yi aiki a kan wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucenta na farko na adabi kuma ta fahimci cewa gajerun labarai nau'ikan "ta". A wata hira, ta bayyana cewa horon da ta yi a matsayin 'yar jarida ya taimaka mata ta rubuta a takaice, duk da cewa ta san cewa aikin jarida bai dace da ita ba. Bayan ta koma Berlin, ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin 'yar jarida mai zaman kanta kafin a ba ta tallafin Alfred-Döblin daga [[Kwalejin Fasaha, Berlin|Kwalejin Fasaha ta Berlin]] a shekarar 1997. Waɗanda suka karɓi wannan tallafin ana ba su kuɗin watanni uku zuwa goma sha biyu yayin da suke zaune da aiki a Gidan Alfred-Döblin da ke Wewelsfleth. A shekarar 1998, masu suka sun yi bikin kundin gajerun labarai nata na farko, ''Sommerhaus, später'', <ref name="Value 2009">{{Cite web |date=4 May 2009 |title=Judith Hermann |url=https://www.fischerverlage.de/autor/judith-hermann-1000375 |access-date=7 July 2021 |website=S. Fischer Verlage |language=de}}</ref>, waɗanda suka ji cewa sun gano a cikin littafinta "sautin sabuwar tsara" (Spiegel 12/1999). Hermann ta zama jagora a cikin ''Fräuleinwender'' ("mu'ujizar 'yan mata"), kalmar da mai sukar adabi na Jamus Volker Hage na ''Spiegel'' ya ƙirƙira wanda ya haɗa marubuta mata kamar Jenny Erpenbeck, Felicitas Hoppe, Zoe Jenny, Juli Zeh da Julia Franck waɗanda ke samun nasara a lokacin. Duk da cewa "Fräulein" kalma ce ta da, ba ta da daidaito a siyasance, kuma marubutan da kansu suka ƙi ta, kalmar ta yi aiki sosai a matsayin kayan aikin tallatawa kuma an yi amfani da ita a cikin Sukar Adabi. Judith Hermann ta sami kyautar Hugo Ball da Bremer Literatur-Förderpreis. A shekarar 2001 an ba ta kyautar Kleist . Tarin labarai na biyu, ''Nichts als Gespenster'', ya biyo baya a shekarar 2003, <ref name="internationales literaturfestival berlin">{{Cite web |title=Judith Hermann |url=https://www.literaturfestival.com/autoren-en/autoren-2009-en/judith-hermann-1 |access-date=7 July 2021 |website=internationales literaturfestival berlin}}</ref> amma har zuwa wani lokaci ba ta iya cika manyan tsammanin masu suka ba. A shekarar 2009, an buga sabon tarin gajerun labarai nata, ''Alice'' . ''Alice'' ta ƙunshi labarai guda biyar masu alaƙa game da mutuwar maza biyar, kowanne labari yana raba jaruma ɗaya, Alice. Iris Radisch, shahararriyar mai suka ga jaridar mako-mako ta Jamus mai suna bitar littafin Hermann "Das große Männersterben" (Mutuwar maza da yawa). <ref name="u109">{{Cite web |last=Radisch |first=Iris |date=30 April 2009 |title=Das große Männersterben |url=https://www.zeit.de/2009/19/L-Hermann |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=ZEIT ONLINE |language=de}}</ref> Duk da batun baƙin ciki, waɗannan labaran kuma suna game da rayuwa dole ne ta ci gaba bayan mutuwa. A wannan fanni, ''Alice'' ta bambanta da ayyukan Hermann na baya, waɗanda ke da yanayi mai duhu. Littafin Hermann na farko ''mai suna Aller Liebe Anfang'', an buga shi a shekarar 2014. Ya nuna wani yanayi na bidi'a, inda wata maƙwabciyarta, Mister Pfister, ta tsoratar da jarumar Stella lokacin da take ita kaɗai a gidanta da rana yayin da mijinta da 'yarta suke aiki da makaranta. Wata rana Mister Pfister ta bayyana a ƙofar gidan Stella, tana son yin magana da ita, kuma bayan an hana ta, ta fi son ta, ta bar saƙonni masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin akwatin gidan waya nata kuma tana barazanar lalata rayuwar danginta mai natsuwa. Littafin Hermann yana da ban tsoro, wani ɓangare saboda yaren da take amfani da shi, wani ɓangare kuma saboda yanayin bidi'a yana nuna fargabar zamantakewa ta zamani game da tsaro da rauni. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Judith-Hermann_DSC00683_litteraturexchange-2019.jpg|right|thumb|260x260px|Judith Hermann a bikin LiteratureXchange (2019) a Aarhus, Denmark]] [[Fayil:Judith-Hermann_DSC00760_liiteraturexchange.jpg|right|thumb|260x260px|Aarhus, Denmark (2019)]] * ''Sommerhaus, später'' (1998, S. Fischer) ** ''Summerhouse, daga baya'' (2001, HarperCollins) * ''Nichts als Gespenster'' (2003, S. Fischer) ** ''Babu komai sai fatalwowi'' (2005, Huɗu Gidaje) * ''Alice'' (2009, S. Fischer) ** ''Alice'' (2011, Farfesa) * ''Aller Liebe Anfang'' . labari (2014, S. Fischer) ** ''Inda Soyayya Ta Fara'' (2016, Clerkwell) * ''Lettipark'' . gajerun labarai (2016, S. Fischer) ** ''Letti Park'' . (2018, Clerkenwell Press) * ''Daheim'' . labari (2021, S. Fischer) * Littafi ''Mai Tsarki'' (2023) ** ''Da Mun Faɗa Wa Juna Komai'' (2025, Granta) == Fina-finai == * ''Eisblumenfarm'' (dangane da "Sommerhaus, später"), Short-fim na [[Dominik Betz]] (2004); tare da [[Philip Hellmann]], [[Sara Hilliger]], [[Gunnar Solka]] * ''Freundinnen'', Short-fim na [[Tobias Stille]] (2005); tare da Anneke Kim Sarnau, [[Regina Stötzel]], [[Murat Yilmaz]] * ''{{Interlanguage link|Nothing But Ghosts|de|Nichts als Gespenster (Film)}}'', Wasan kwaikwayo na [[Martin Gypkens]] (2006); tare da August Diehl, [[Chiara Schoras]], Fritzi Haberlandt ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]] sjryrbcju22xqnaln38kye2akl08ygq 0 135098 828078 777283 2026-04-30T18:32:03Z BnHamid 12586 828078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Athenais Philostorgos II (Girkanci), wanda aka fi sani da Athenais Filostorgus II ko '''Athenais na Ponto''', yarima ce ta Masarautar Pontus, kuma sarauniya ce ta Cappadocia ta wurin auren Sarki Ariobarzanes II Philopator . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pastor |first=Luıs BALLESTEROS |date=2020-11-25 |title=The Origins of the Ariobarzanid Dynasty |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gephyra/issue/56927/741464 |journal=Gephyra |language=en |volume=20 |pages=61–78 |doi=10.37095/gephyra.741464 |issn=1309-3924 |s2cid=225437132 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sunan ta a Helenanci yana fassara zuwa "Athenais mai ƙauna". == Rayuwa == Yaron Sarki Mithridates VI na Pontus daga aurensa na biyu ga mace mai daraja ta Makidoniya ta Anatolian da Sarauniya Monime ta Pontian, ta kasance gimbiya ce ta asalin Farisa da Girka na Makidoniya. An haife ta kuma ta girma a Masarautar Pontos, iyayenta sun ba ta sunan gargajiya na Girkanci. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} Athenais ya auri Yarima na Cappadocian kuma daga baya Sarki Ariobarzanes II Philopator, <ref>{{Cite book}}</ref> wanda ya fito ne daga Farisa da Girka. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} === Sarauniya === Ariobarzanes II ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin Sarki a 63 BC-62 BC, lokacin da mahaifinsa Ariobarzanes I Philoromaios ya bar kursiyinsa.<ref name="Ariobarzanes">{{Cite web |title=Ariobarzanes II |url=http://www.livius.org./ap-ark/ariobarzanes/ariobarzanes_ii_philopator.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130031732/https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/ariobarzanes/ariobarzanes_ii_philopator.html |archive-date=2012-11-30 |access-date=2015-06-08 |publisher=Livius}}</ref> Lokacin da Ariobarzanes II ya zama sarki, Athenais ya zama sarauniya ta Cappadocia, ta gaji taken girmamawa na "Philostorgos", wanda shine sunan girmamawa na mahaifiyar Ariobarzanos II, Athenais Philostorgos I.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} Athenais yana da alaƙa da sarakuna da sarakuna na baya na Cappadocia. Gwaggo ta Laodice na Cappadocia sarauniya ce, 'yan uwanta na mahaifinta, Ariarathes IX, Ariarethes VII, da Ariaraths VIII, kuma dan uwanta Ariarathas IX duk sun yi aiki a matsayin sarakunan da suka gabata na Cappadonia. Ta hanyar Seleucid da zuriyar mahaifinta, Athenais tana da alaƙa da kakannin Ariarathes VI. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Ariobarzanes II ya yi mulki a matsayin sarkin Cappadocia daga c. 63 BC-62 BC har zuwa kisan da aka yi masa a c. 51 BC.<ref name="Ariobarzanes">{{Cite web |title=Ariobarzanes II |url=http://www.livius.org./ap-ark/ariobarzanes/ariobarzanes_ii_philopator.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130031732/https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/ariobarzanes/ariobarzanes_ii_philopator.html |archive-date=2012-11-30 |access-date=2015-06-08 |publisher=Livius}}</ref> Akwai rubuce-rubucen girmamawa daban-daban da aka keɓe ga Athenais. A lokacin aurensu, Athenais ta haifi Ariobarzanes II 'ya'ya maza biyu: Ariobarzanes III Eusebes Philoromaios da Ariarathes X Eusebes Philadelphos . 'Ya'yanta maza za su yi aiki a cikin sarakuna na ƙarshe na Cappadocia. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} Sunan "Ariobarzanes" ba kawai sunan ne daga dangin mijinta ba, har ma da sunan daga danginta. Athenais yana da kakannin siyasa guda uku na wannan sunan: Ariobarzanes na Frigia, wanda ya bunƙasa a ƙarni na 5 BC, Ariobarzanos II na Cius, wanda ya ci gaba a ƙarni ya 4 BC, da kuma tsohon Sarkin Pontian Ariobarzanes na Pontus. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=January 2021}} === Uwar sarauniya === Bayan mutuwar mijinta, ɗanta na farko ya gaji mahaifinsa a matsayin Sarki kuma ta zama gwauruwa wacce ba ta sake yin aure ba. Athenais ya zama sananne a matsayin 'Sarauniya-Mahaifiyar' ta Cappadocia . A lokacin mulkin Ariobarzanes III, Gwamnan Roma na Cilicia Marcus Tullius Cicero ya gargadi Sarki cewa Athenais na iya zama abokin gaba a gare shi.[1] Gargadi na Cicero ya dogara ne akan kishi na Athenais, game da manyan mutane biyu da ake kira Methras da Athenaeus. Sun kasance ministoci da ƙaunataccen ɗanta na farko, kuma an kore su, ta hanyar kishi na Athenais, daga Kotun Sarautar Kapadokiya. Koyaya, daga baya Cicero ya tuno da Methras da Athenaeus. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] [ana buƙatar hujja][citation needed] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ba43db88ct519m0qglmpupvi4sufrsz 0 135266 828120 777616 2026-04-30T18:47:21Z BnHamid 12586 828120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Syed Muhammad Ishaq''' (Bengali; 1915 - 1977) [[Ulama'u|Masanin addinin Musulunci]] ne na Bangladesh, marubuci, [[Tafsiri|Muffassir]], mai muhawara da kuma malami. Ya kasance almajiri [[Ibrahim Ujani]] . Shi ne Pir na farko na Charmonai, bayan ya kafa Charmonai Darbar Sharif da [[Jamia Rashidia Ahsanabad]], daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin Islama a Kudancin Bengal. Ɗansa, Syed Fazlul Karim, ya gaje shi, kuma mabiyansa sun san shi da Dada Huzur. == Rayuwa ta farko da iyali == An haifi Ishaq a shekara ta 1915 ga dangin [[Ali]]_Muslim" id="mwHg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Bengali Muslim">Musulmi na Bengali na [[Sayyid|Syeds]] a ƙauyen Pashurikathi a Char Monai, wanda ke gabashin kogin Kirtankhola a Gundumar Backergunge, Lardin Bengal . Mahaifinsa, Syed Amjad Ali, ya gano zuriyarsa ga Ali, K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] na huɗu na Islama. Babban kakansa, Sayyid Ali al-Akbar, ya yi ƙaura daga [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] zuwa Bengal, ya zauna a ƙauyen Pashurikathi a Barisal . Yaron ɗan'uwan Akbar, Sayyid Ali al-Asghar, ya kafa iyalin Syed na Laktia, wanda ke yammacin Kirtankhola . == Ilimi == Ishaq ya fara karatun firamare a karkashin kawunsa Syed Muhammad Abdul Jabbar na Charmonai . Daga nan ya zama dalibi na [[Ibrahim Ujani|Muhammad Ibrahim na Ujani]] a Jamia Islamia Ibrahimia a [[Chandpur District|Chandpur]]" id="mwOA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kachua Upazila, Chandpur">Kachua, Chandpur, inda ya ci gaba da karatun Kur'ani. Bayan kammala qira'at bakwai a karkashin malaminsa, ya shiga [[Bhola Darul Hadith Alia Madrasa]] a Tsibirin Bhola inda ya wuce ''jamat-e-ula''. Ishaq daga nan ya koma Indiya don yin karatu a makarantar Darul Uloom Deoband a Saharanpur. == Ayyuka == Bayan ya koma Bengal, Ishaq ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen koyar da ilimin addinin Musulunci. A cikin 1932, ya kafa Madrasa Charmonai Ahsanabad Rashidia da Lillah Boarding (Marauya) daga gidansa. An sanya wa sunan sunan kawunsa Syed Ahsan da kuma masanin shari'a na Deobandi Rashid Ahmad Gangohi. Ya koyar da tsarin Dars-i Nizami da kansa, kafin ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1947. Bayan 1947, ta hanyar kokarin Muhammad Esmatullah da surukinsa Delwar Husain, makarantar ta zama makarantar alia. [ana binciken hujja] [ana bukatar] Daga cikin dalibansa akwai Syed Fazlul Karim, Muhammad Abul Bashar na Shahtali da Azharul Islam Siddiqi na Manikganj.[1] Ishaq ya kasance mai goyon bayan 'yancin kai na Bangladesh. A lokacin Yakin 'Yanci na Bangladesh na 1971, Mohammad Abdul Jalil (kwamanda na Sashen 9), Kyaftin Abdul Latif da sauran mayakan' yancin Barisali za su nemi shawara da doas daga Muhammad Ishaq a Charmonai . Cibiyarsa, Jamia Rashidia Ahsanabad, ta zama tushe ga masu gwagwarmayar 'yanci na Bengali inda za su zauna kuma su dawo daga yaƙe-yaƙe. Cibiyar ta samar da manyan ɗakuna Biyu ga masu gwagwarmayar 'yanci su yi amfani da su kuma su saukar da su. A cikin dukan yaƙin watanni tara, jami'an gwamnati da yawa da ke zaune a Barisal za su sami mafaka tare da iyalansu a Madrasa na Charmonai . <ref name=":0" /> == Ayyuka == Ahmad ya rubuta littattafai 27:   == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ishaq yana da mata uku. Tare da Syeda Rabeya Khatun, 'yar kawunsa Syed Abdul Jabbar, yana da' ya'ya maza biyu (Qari Syed Mubarak Karim da Syed Fazlul Karim) da' ya 'ya'ya mata uku. Yana da ɗa ɗaya da 'ya'ya mata uku tare da matarsa ta biyu, da' ya'ya maza uku da 'yar ɗaya tare da matar sa ta uku Amena Begum . == Mutuwa == Ishaq ya mutu a shekara ta 1977, kuma an binne shi a Charmonai . == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1915]] qk16shjsslsm27duem67aon8daolqmh 0 135445 828086 777954 2026-04-30T18:35:03Z BnHamid 12586 828086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dimitris Avramopoulos''' ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girkanci]]: ; an haife shi 6 Yuni 1953) [[ɗan siyasa]] Girka ne na jam'iyyar New Democracy mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, kuma tsohon jami'in diflomasiyya. Ya yi aiki a manyan mukamai daban-daban, ciki har da Ministan Harkokin Waje da Ministan Tsaro na Kasa, kuma ya kasance Magajin garin Athens daga 1995 zuwa 2002. Ya yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan EU na Shige da Fice, Harkokin Cikin Gida da Citizenship a cikin Hukumar Juncker tsakanin 2014 da 2019. == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Avramopoulos a Athens a shekara ta 1953, a cikin dangin da suka fito daga Ilia da Arcadia" id="mwGA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Elliniko, Arcadia">Elliniko a Arcadia. Ya yi aikin soja na watanni 26 daga 1978 zuwa 1980 a cikin Sojojin Sama na Hellenic . [1] Ya auri Vivian, tare da ita yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Filippos da Iasonas. Baya ga asalinsa na Girkanci, yana magana da [[Turanci]], [[Faransanci]] da [[Italiyanci]] sosai. == Ayyukan diflomasiyya == A cikin 1980, Avramopoulos ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje a [[Athens]], inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1993. Daga 1988 zuwa 1992, ya yi aiki a matsayin wakilin Girka a Belgium a Liège . A lokaci guda ya kasance mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Shugaban kasa kuma Shugaban Sabon Dimokuradiyya. A wannan lokacin ya kuma wakilci Girka a [[Vienna]] a Taron Tsaro da Haɗin Kai a Turai. A shekara ta 1992 ya zama mai magana da yawun Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Girka kuma an nada shi Janar Janar na Girka a [[Geneva]]. A shekara ta 1993 an kara shi zuwa darektan Ofishin diflomasiyyar Girka. == Ayyukan siyasa == [[Fayil:D_Avramopoulos_with_Barack_&_Michelle_Obama.jpg|left|thumb|Dimitri Avramopoulos, Ministan Harkokin Waje na Girka, tare da Shugaba [[Barack Obama|Obama]] da Uwargidan Shugaban kasa, a Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 67 a shekarar 2012]] === Magajin garin Athens === A shekara ta 1993, Avramopoulos ya yi murabus daga aikin diflomasiyyar Girka don shiga siyasar majalisa a matsayin memba na Sabon Dimokuradiyya kuma an zabe shi memba na Kwamitin Tsakiya. Daga 1993 zuwa 1994 ya yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokokin Hellenic . A shekara ta 1994 an zabe shi a matsayin magajin gari na Athens, kuma an sake zabarsa a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1998 a cikin nasarar da aka samu a zagaye na farko. Daga 1995 zuwa 1999 ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kungiyar Central Union of Local Authorities of Greece . A shekara ta 1995 ya kafa "Taron Dindindin na Mayors na Babban Birnin Kudu maso Gabashin Turai" kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugabanta na farko. Daga 1996 zuwa 2000 ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Hukumomi ta Duniya (IULA) kuma daga 1997 zuwa 2002, a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Yankuna na Tarayyar Turai. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban taron koli na Mayors na Duniya a shekara ta 2000, ya yi aiki har zuwa shekara ta 2002, a lokacin da ya kafa "Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Olympic ta Duniya", "Athens" Kyautar Duniya don Dimokuradiyya", da "City of Global and Cities" Diplomacy", [[Rum|Roma]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9aw0ynvp536o11y5xavibza5ipu6l0v 0 136342 828099 779498 2026-04-30T18:40:19Z BnHamid 12586 828099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Vassilios Skouris''' (Girkanci; an haife shi 6 Maris 1948) alƙali ne na Girka wanda ya kasance Shugaban Kotun Turai daga 2003 zuwa 2015. Masanin shari'a na Turai, ya yi aiki a takaice a gwamnatin Girka a matsayin Ministan cikin gida a 1989 kuma a 1996. Shi farfesa ne a Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar Aristotle da kuma Makarantar Shari'a ta Bucerius a [[Hamburg]], [[Jamus]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2016 |title=Bucerius Law School appoints Vassilios Skouris Affiliate Professor |url=http://www.law-school.de/article/bucerius-law-school-appoints-vassilios-skouris-affiliate-professor/}}</ref> == Shekaru na farko da ilimi == An haifi Skouris a ranar 6 ga Maris 1948 a Thessaloniki, sannan wani ɓangare na Masarautar Girka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2016 |title=Bucerius Law School appoints Vassilios Skouris Affiliate Professor |url=http://www.law-school.de/article/bucerius-law-school-appoints-vassilios-skouris-affiliate-professor/}}</ref> Ya kammala karatu tare da digiri a fannin shari'a daga Jami'ar Berlin a shekarar 1970, kuma daga baya aka ba shi digiri na biyu a fannin tsarin mulki da kuma dokar gudanarwa a Jami'ar Hamburg a shekarar 1973. A shekara ta 1978 ya kasance farfesa a fannin Shari'ar Jama'a a Jami'ar Bielefeld kuma a 1982 farfesa a Jami'an Thessaloniki . A lokacin 1972 zuwa 1977 yana koyar da doka a Jami'ar Hamburg . == Ministan Cikin Gida na Girka == Bayan rushewar majalisar dokokin Girka a shekarar 1989, Skouris ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Cikin Gida na ɗan lokaci a lokacin gwamnatin mai kulawa. Ya sake yin wani ɗan gajeren aiki a shekara ta 1996. == Matsayi masu daraja == Skouris ya kasance Shugaban Ƙungiyar Girka don Dokar Turai tsakanin 1992 da 1994, Darakta na Cibiyar Shari'ar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya da Turai a 1997, kuma Shugaban Majalisar Tattalin Rikici da Jama'a ta Girka a 1998. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kimiyya na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Girka tsakanin 1997 da 1999, Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Kwalejin Alƙalai ta Girka daga 1995 zuwa 1996, Kwamitin Bincike na Girka tsakanin 1993 da 1995, Kwamitin Zaɓin Mafi Girka na Ma'aikatan Jama'a tsakanin 1994 da 1996, da kuma Kwamitin Ilimi na Kwalejiyar Shari'ar Turai a 1995. Ya kasance memba na Kwamitin Masu Tsaro na Kwalejin Shari'ar Turai ta Trier . Tun daga 10 ga Mayu 2017, ya kasance shugaban na biyu na Majalisar Shari'a ta Kwamitin Da'a na FIFA, wanda ya gaji Hans-Joachim Eckert na Jamus. == Kotun Turai == A ranar 8 ga Yuni 1999, kasashe membobin [[Tarayyar Turai]] sun amince da nadin Skouris zuwa Kotun Shari'a ta Al'ummomin Turai, ko Kotun Shariʼa ta Turai. Bayan wa'adinsa na farko, alƙalai na kotun sun zabe shi a matsayin Shugaban su a ranar 7 ga Oktoba 2003, kuma a ranar 7 ta Oktoba 2009. Koen Lenaerts, wanda ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban kasa tun 2012, ya gaji shi a matsayin Shugaban kasa a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 2015. === Hukunce-hukuncen da aka yi amfani da su === Shugaba Skouris ya jagoranci hukunce-hukunce da yawa tun lokacin da ya shiga kotun, gami da B.F. Cadman v. Health & Safety Executive (C-17/05) , wanda ya yanke shawarar a shekara ta 2006, wanda ya yanke hukuncin cewa ma'aunin biyan kuɗi bisa ga matsayi ba nuna bambancin jinsi ba ne, sai dai idan ba za a iya tabbatar da cewa matsayi ba shine dalilin nuna bambanci ba.[undefined][undefined] Sauran sanannun shari'o'i sun haɗa da Brian Francis Collins v. Sakataren Gwamnati na Ayyuka da Fensho (C-138/02) , wanda aka yanke shawarar a shekara ta 2004, wanda ya kaddamar da dokar fa'idodin aiki na nuna bambanci a Burtaniya, yana ba da damar samun fa'idodi ga waɗanda ke cikin 'yan ƙasa na EU, da Hukumar Al'ummomin Turai v. Tarayyar Jamus C-112/05 wanda ya rushe "Dokar Volkswagen", ba da sha'awar gwamnatin Jamus da ƙungiyoyin kwadago.[undefined][undefined][undefined] A cikin "The Viking Case", Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Sufuri ta Duniya, Ƙungiyar Maɓuɓɓugar Finland v. Viking Line ABP, OÜ Viking Line Eesti (C-438/05), an yanke shawarar a cikin 2007, an ƙaddara cewa ma'aikaci wanda ke neman aiki mai tsada a cikin ƙasa memba ba zai iya samun damar 'yancin kasuwanci da ƙungiyoyin kwadago suka keta ba sai dai idan manufar ƙungiyar ita ce kare ma'aikata daidai da bukatun jama'a.[1][2] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin mambobin Kotun Turai == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1948]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2435u5qc9fpjpo5nntjbmkow1dr0f53 0 136388 828107 779578 2026-04-30T18:43:16Z BnHamid 12586 828107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stelios Papathemelis''' (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a watan Janairun shekara ta 1938) ɗan siyasan Girka ne kuma lauya. Ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Aristotle ta Thessaloniki . == Ayyukan siyasa == An zabe shi a karo na farko a matsayin dan majalisa tare da EK-ND a zaben 1974. An sake zabarsa tare da EDIK a shekarar 1977. Bayan haka, ya shiga PASOK kuma an nada shi Mataimakin Ministan Ilimi a 1982-1985, Ministan Makidoniya da Thrace a 1987-1989 da Ministan Harkokin Jama'a a 1993-1995. A lokacin da yake Ministan Harkokin Jama'a, ya fuskanci adawa mai karfi, galibi daga masu kulob din dare da mashaya, don dokar hana fita ta 2am da ya sanya a kan kulob da mashaya. An ga yanke shawara a matsayin ƙoƙarin sarrafa rayuwar dare kuma ya saba wa ruhun Hellenanci na nishaɗi. Daga baya ya bar PASOK kuma an zabe shi a matsayin dan majalisa mai zaman kansa a jerin sabbin jam'iyyun dimokuradiyya na Thessaloniki a zaben 2004. Kodayake ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a cikin jam'iyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi kuma daga baya ya kasance a cikin jam-iyyar zamantakewar dimokuradiyya, yanzu an dauke shi dan kasa na hagu da kuma "mai kishin kasa na gargajiya". Yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka da Cocin Girka. == Shugaban jam'iyyar == A watan Maris, 2007 ya sanar da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar siyasa, Democratic Revival . A cikin Babban zaben Satumba 2007, Democratic Revival ya yi mummunan aiki, ya sami kashi 0.8% na kuri'un kasa kuma ya kasa samun wakilcin majalisa. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009 ya kafa hadin gwiwar Panhellenic Macedonian Front tare da farfesa Kostas Zouraris don yin takara a zaben majalisar dokokin Turai na watan Yunin shekara ta 2009.[1] Jam'iyyar ta hada da kungiyoyin Girka na Makidoniya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tuhqgj6ientab7jge1161il20i0byng 0 136700 828121 780071 2026-04-30T18:48:22Z BnHamid 12586 828121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Florence Leontine Mary Welch''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Agusta 1986) <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Florence Welch |url=http://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/celebrity/biographies/florence-welch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210719163557/https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/person/florence-welch |archive-date=19 July 2021 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=Glamour}}</ref> mawaƙiya ce kuma mawaƙiya 'yar Ingila. Ita ce babbar mawaƙiya kuma babbar mawaƙiyar ƙungiyar mawakan indie rock Florence and the Machine . Kundin farko na ƙungiyar, ''Lungs'' (2009), ya hau kan jadawalin kundin waƙoƙin Burtaniya kuma ya lashe kyautar Brit Award don Mafi Kyawun Kundin waƙoƙin Burtaniya. Kundin waƙoƙin su guda biyar na gaba suma sun sami nasarar yin tasiri a jadawalin. A cikin 2018, Welch ta fitar da wani littafi mai suna ''Useless Magic'', tarin waƙoƙi da waƙoƙi da ta rubuta, tare da zane-zane. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Florence Leontine Mary Welch a ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1986 a Camberwell, London, Ingila, ga Nick Russell Welch, wani jami'in talla <ref name="Ryan">{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Francesca |date=4 June 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine interview: sound and vision |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/5443013/Florence-and-the-Machine-interview-sound-and-vision.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/5443013/Florence-and-the-Machine-interview-sound-and-vision.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> da Evelyn Welch (née Samuels), ƙwararriyar ma'aikaciya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar mahaifiyarta, Welch tana da 'yancin zama ɗan ƙasar Birtaniya da Amurka . Kakanta na wajen uwa lauya ne kuma babban mai sayar da kwal John S. Samuels III . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Varga |first=George |date=8 October 2015 |title=Florence Welch on music, maturing & not drinking |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/music/sdut-florence-welch-interview-2015oct08-story.html |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=The San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref> Florence ta girma a matsayin [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] . <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Mangano |first=Mary Grace |date=2022-09-02 |title=The Christ-haunted artistry of Florence + the Machine |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/arts-culture/2022/09/02/florence-machine-faith-243653 |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=America Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Welch 'yar'uwar mai barkwanci Craig Brown ce <ref name="Ryan">{{Cite web |last=Ryan |first=Francesca |date=4 June 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine interview: sound and vision |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/5443013/Florence-and-the-Machine-interview-sound-and-vision.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandpopfeatures/5443013/Florence-and-the-Machine-interview-sound-and-vision.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref> ta matar Brown da kuma goggon Welch, Frances Welch, <ref name="West">{{Cite web |last=West |first=Richard |date=29 January 1997 |title=Obituary: Colin Welch |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-colin-welch-1285737.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> kuma jikanyar Colin Welch, tsohon mataimakin edita na ''The Daily Telegraph'' kuma tsohon marubucin zane-zane na majalisar ''Daily Mail'' . <ref name="West" /> Kawun Welch na uwa shi ne ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma mai shirya fina-finai John Stockwell . <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Tana da ƙanwarta, Grace, wacce ta zaburar da waƙar Welch mai suna iri ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Welch kuma tana da ƙanenta mai suna JJ <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Luhrman |first=Baz |date=2011-09-24 |title=Florence Welch |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/florence-welch-1 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Interview Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Welch ta sami ƙarfafawa daga kakarta ta uba 'yar Scotland, Cybil (née Russell), <ref name="West">{{Cite web |last=West |first=Richard |date=29 January 1997 |title=Obituary: Colin Welch |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-colin-welch-1285737.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> ta ci gaba da yin wasan kwaikwayo da waƙa. Kakannin Welch da suka mutu sun zaburar da waƙoƙi da yawa a kan Florence da kundin farko na Machine ''Lungs'' (2009). <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> A lokacin ƙuruciyarta, Welch ta kuma rera waƙa a bikin aure na iyali da jana'iza. Tana da shekaru goma, ta rera waƙar Yum-Yum ("Rana wacce haskenta ke haskakawa") daga ''littafin The Mikado'' na Gilbert da Sullivan a bikin tunawa da Colin Welch. Iyayen Welch sun rabu lokacin da take da shekaru 13, kuma daga ƙarshe mahaifiyarta ta auri maƙwabcinsu mai suna Peter Openshaw . <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Huelsbeck |first=Mia |date=2023-12-11 |title=Tragic Details About Florence Welch |url=https://www.thelist.com/1465719/tragic-details-florence-welch/ |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=The List |language=en-US}}</ref> Sakamakon auren, Welch tana da 'yan'uwa uku na miji: Maddie, Sam, da John. Ta hanyar mahaifinta, Welch kuma tana da ɗan'uwan miji mai suna Nick. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Luhrman |first=Baz |date=2011-09-24 |title=Florence Welch |url=https://www.interviewmagazine.com/music/florence-welch-1 |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=Interview Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Lokacin da Welch ke da shekaru 14, kakarta ta uwa, wacce ke da [[Cutar bipolar|matsalar bipolar]], ta mutu sakamakon kashe kanta ta hanyar tsalle daga gidanta na New York. <ref name=":5" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> A cikin waƙar Florence and the Machine ta shekarar 2018 mai suna " Hunger ", ta bayyana a karon farko game da matsalar cin abinci da ta fuskanta a lokacin ƙuruciya. Ta kuma yi magana game da kasancewa yarinya mai tunani da tsoro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Welch ta yi karatu a Makarantar Rana ta Thomas's London, Battersea [1] kuma ta ci gaba da karatu a Makarantar Alleen, Kudu maso Gabashin London, inda ta yi kyau a fannin ilimi. [2] Duk da haka, Welch sau da yawa tana fuskantar matsala a makaranta saboda waƙar da ba ta yi ba da kuma waƙa da ƙarfi a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta makarantar. [2] Yayin da take makarantar sakandare, Welch da abokanta biyu sun fara " mayya " ta hanyar ƙirƙirar littattafan sihiri da kuma ƙoƙarin yin sihiri ga abokan karatunta Duk da sha'awar karatu da adabi tun farko, an gano tana da [[Rashin jituwa|matsalar rashin iya karatu]], saboda matsalolin rubutu, tare da matsalar rashin iya rubutu, wato dyspraxia, wata matsala ta haɗin kai a cikin ci gabanta wadda ba ta shafi iya karatunta ba, amma ta haifar da matsaloli a tsarinta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2009 |title=Florence and the Machine open Reading Festival with secret birthday gig |url=https://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831065846/http://www.nme.com/news/florence-and-the-machine/46975 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |access-date=18 June 2011 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Kiɗa da littattafai sun ba ta hutu daga abin da ta ji ya bambanta ta da sauran mutane. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Varga |first=George |date=8 October 2015 |title=Florence Welch on music, maturing & not drinking |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/music/sdut-florence-welch-interview-2015oct08-story.html |access-date=13 July 2018 |website=The San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1986]] h30ocrfit3wprozvhyfacdmvmals76z 0 137492 828113 781662 2026-04-30T18:44:42Z BnHamid 12586 828113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stefanos Thomopoulos''' (Girkanci: , 11 ga Afrilu 1859 - 31 ga Yuli 1939) marubuci ne kuma ɗan tarihi na Girka, wanda ya rubuta musamman kan tarihin Patras da yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Shi dan notary Nikolaos Thomopoulos ne, kuma an haife shi a 74 Ermou Street a Patras . Ya kammala karatu a Gymnasium (High School), inda, yana da shekaru 12, ya rubuta a cikin jaridar makaranta, yayin da a 1879, ya zo na farko a cikin gasa ta rubutun kan tarihin birnin. Ya yi karatun shari'a a Athens, inda ya kammala digirin digirinsa a 1885. Bayan ya yi aiki a cikin soja, ya koma garinsu don yin aiki a matsayin lauya. A shekara ta 1911, an nada shi zuwa wani mukami a National Library of Greece bayan gasa, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a 1933. A cikin 1913, bayan Yaƙe-yaƙe na Balkan, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta tura shi zuwa Makidoniya don yin rajistar tarin ɗakin karatu a birane da gidajen ibada a yankunan Florina, Korçë, Monastir da Kozani. Ya mutu a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1939. == Ayyuka == Thomopoulos yana da sha'awar garinsu da tarihinsa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masana tarihi na Girka na zamani na farko, tare da [[Dimitrios Kambouroglou]], don bincike da rubutu game da tarihin garuruwan su. A shekara ta 1888, yana da shekaru 29, Thomopoulos ya buga aikinsa na farko, kundi na farko na ''Tarihin Birnin Patras'' . A duk rayuwarsa ya rubuta labarai da yawa, karatu da litattafai game da Patras kuma ya rubuta a kai a kai ga jaridu na gida. {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Littafin !Fassara da fassara |- |1883 |''Χριστιανικαί εν Πάτραι επιγραφαί'' |''Christianikai a cikin Patrai epigrafai''<br />''rubuce-rubuce Kirista a Patras'' |- |1903 |''Η ιερά практиή Ομπλού εν Πάτραις'' |''Na kasance a cikin Patrais''<br />''Masallacin Omblou a Patras'' |- |1922 |''O Παλαιών Πατρών Θεοφάνης'' |''Ya Maigidan Palain Theofanis''<br />''Bishop Theofanis na Tsohon Patras'' |- |1928 |''Ογ μέας Δέρκων Γρηγόριος'' |''Ya kuma Derkon Grigorios''<br />''Babban birni Gregorios na Derka'' |- |1937 |''Bayan haka, za a yi amfani da shi'' |''I Halandritsa''<br />''Chalandritsa'' |- |1938 |''Ο Λουδοβίκος Στόιμπ εν Πάτραις'' |''Ya Loudovikos Stoib a cikin Patrais''<br />''[[Ludwig Steub]] a cikin Patras'' |- |1939 |''Περί Κερπινής'' |''Peri Kerpinis'' ''A kan Kerpini''<br /> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4n8ng039nrajm35k0v5pddowghsssbu 0 137537 828081 781723 2026-04-30T18:33:34Z BnHamid 12586 828081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adnan Zahid Abdulsamad''' tsohon memba ne na Majalisar Dokokin Kuwait, wanda ke wakiltar Gundumar farko. An haife shi a 1950, Abdulsamad ya yi karatun kimiyyar siyasa kuma ya yi aiki a Ma'aikatar Man Fetur kafin a zabe shi a Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa a 1981. Duk da yake jam'iyyun siyasa ba bisa ka'ida ba ne a Kuwait, Abdulsamad yana da alaƙa da National Islamic Alliance (Tahalof), jam'iyyar [[Shi'a|Shia]].<ref>[https://www.arabtimesonline.com/pdf08/june/12/page%2002.pdf]{{Dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref> == Tallafin yanke dangantaka da Denmark == A ranar 6 ga Nuwamba, 2006, majalisa ta kada kuri'a 22-15 don amincewa da yanke dangantakar diflomasiyya da [[Denmark]] kan rikice-rikicen Jyllands-Posten Muhammad da kuma kashe kusan dala miliyan 50 (Yuro 39.20) don kare hoton annabin a Yamma. Dukkanin kuri'un ba su da iyaka, ma'ana majalisar ministoci ba ta bin su ba. Abdulsamad ya kada kuri'a don yanke dangantakar diflomasiyya, yana cewa, ""Dole ne mu yanke dangantakar diplomasiyya da kasuwanci da Denmark... Ba za mu ci cuku na Danish ba. "<ref>[https://www.arabtimesonline.com/pdf08/june/12/page%2002.pdf]{{Dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref> == Rikici na ɗan lokaci na aure == A ranar 16 ga Satumba, 2007, Abdulsamad da ɗan'uwansa Shia MP Saleh Ashour sun yi magana game da shirin Wasan kwaikwayo na sabulu na Ramadan mai taken '"Sins Have a Price"", wanda zai juya a kusa da kuma sukar nau'in auren Shi'a na wucin gadi da aka sani da "[[Auren mut'ah|Mutaa]]". A cikin wata sanarwa ta jama'a, Abdulsamad ya zargi jerin da bayar da "cikakkiyar karkatar Shi'a ... Har ila yau yana haifar da ɗarika... Yana da gaske kuma ya zo a lokacin rikitarwa a yankin. Abdulsamad ya zargi cewa ban da tayar da ɗarika, jerin sun zagi da karkatar da bangaskiyar Shia ta hanyar yin ba'a da aure na wucin gadi, ingantaccen ra'ayi a cikin Shi'a duk da gardama da tabo na zamantakewa da ke kewaye da aikin.<ref>[https://www.arabtimesonline.com/pdf08/june/12/page%2002.pdf]{{Dead link|date=October 2016}}</ref> == Cire shi daga Popular Action Bloc == A ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2008, Popular Action Bloc ta kori Abdulsamad da ɗan'uwansa Shia Ahmed Lari saboda shiga cikin wani bikin da ke girmama babban kwamandan [[Hezbollah]], Imad Mughniyeh. Bayanan bikin game da dan bindigar Lebanon mai gudu - wanda aka kashe a wani fashewar bam na 12 ga Fabrairu a Siriya - a matsayin jarumi ya haifar da fushin jama'a a kasar da ke dauke da shi da alhakin satar jirgin Kuwait Airways da kashe fasinjojin Kuwait biyu shekaru 20 da suka gabata. An kori 'yan majalisa biyu ne kawai daga rukunin su, kuma sun kasance a cikin majalisa. Bayan korar su biyu, ƙungiyar mambobi bakwai ta ragu zuwa mambobi biyar. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] ttlo06vs5p3de8m71fw77rvvg4fject 0 137550 828111 781738 2026-04-30T18:44:16Z BnHamid 12586 828111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Stavros Vasilantonopoulos''' (Girkanci; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1992) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai ba da dama ga ƙungiyar Gamma Ethniki Panegialios . == Ayyuka == Vasilantonopoulos ya fara aikinsa yana wasa a Panachaiki, kafin ya shiga Apollon Smyrnis yana wasa a gasar kwallon kafa a kakar 2014-15. A ranar 30 ga watan Yunin 2016, ya shiga Veria a kan rancen lokaci. Ya buga wasanni 28, amma kulob din bai iya guje wa koma baya ba. A ranar 26 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 2017, an sake ba da rancensa ga sabuwar kungiyar Superleague ta Lamia . A ranar 29 ga Oktoba 2017, ya zira kwallaye biyu na farko a nasarar 2-0 a gida a kan Platanias. Dan shekara 25 ya yi wasu wasanni masu kyau a farkon rabin kakar 2017-18 kuma AEK yana kiyaye shi. A ranar 31 ga Mayu 2018, Vasilantonopoulos ya amince da tsawaita kwangila tare da AEK, har zuwa lokacin rani na 2020. A ranar 4 ga watan Yulin 2018, an tsawaita rancensa ga Lamia da ƙarin shekara. A ranar 3 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2020, an ba da rancensa ga kungiyar Ekstraklasa Górnik Zabrze don sauran kakar kwallon kafa ta yanzu.[1] A ranar 6 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2020, a karon farko ya zira kwallaye masu nasara tare da kyakkyawar kullun bayan da Jesús Jiménez ya taimaka a wasan da ya ci Cracovia 3-2.[2] A ranar 23 ga Yuni 2021, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyu tare da Atromitos . == Kididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! colspan="3" |Ƙungiyar ! colspan="2" |Kofin ! colspan="2" |Yankin nahiyar ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimillar |- !Rarraba !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin !Aikace-aikacen !Manufofin |- | rowspan="3" |Panachaiki |2012–13 | rowspan="2" |Superleague Girka 2 |33 |2 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |36 |2 |- |2013–14 |17 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |17 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !50 !2 !3 !0 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !53 !2 |- |Apollon Smyrnis |2014–15 |Superleague Girka 2 |17 |0 |6 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |23 |0 |- | rowspan="4" |AEK Athens |2015–16 | rowspan="3" |Superleague Girka |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2019–20 |2 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |3 |0 |- |2020–21 |13 |1 |2 |0 |8 |1 | colspan="2" | - |23 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !17 !1 !4 !0 !8 !1 ! colspan="2" |- !29 !2 |- |Veria (rashin kuɗi) |2016–17 |Superleague Girka |28 |0 |3 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |31 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Lamia (rashin kuɗi) |2017–18 | rowspan="2" |Superleague Girka |29 |2 |5 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |34 |2 |- |2018–19 |25 |0 |8 |1 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |33 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimillar !54 !2 !13 !1 ! colspan="2" |- ! colspan="2" |- !67 !3 |- |Górnik Zabrze (an ba da rancen) |2019–20 |Ekstraklasa |11 |2 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |11 |2 |- |Rashin jin daɗi |2021–22 |Superleague Girka |13 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" | - | colspan="2" | - |14 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Cikakken aikinsa !191 !8 !29 !1 !8 !1 !0 !0 !228 !10 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1992]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ho9vu736fvffm9bv92kz84uxb1miana 0 137657 828093 781876 2026-04-30T18:37:51Z BnHamid 12586 828093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eurybarus''' ko '''Eurybaros''' (Girkanci na Dā: Εὐρύβαρος), Eurybatos (Εὐρύβατος) ko Eurybates (Εὐρυβάτης) jarumi ne na tatsuniyoyin Girka, ɗan Euphemus kuma zuriyar allahn kogi Axios . == Labaran Tarihi == Eurybarus saurayi ne amma mai ƙarfin zuciya, kuma ta hanyar wahayi na allahntaka ya zo daga Curetis kuma ya sadu da saurayi mai kyau Alcyoneus yayin da ake jagorantar shi daga Crisa zuwa kogon dodon Sybaris a Dutsen Cirphis don a miƙa shi hadaya don ceto Delphians daga barazanar ta. Da yake fada cikin soyayya da ganinsa na farko, kuma yana tambayar dalilin da ya sa suke yin hakan, Eurybarus ya fahimci cewa ba zai iya kare shi ba ko kuma ya bar shi ya hallaka cikin mummunan abu. Ya tsage kambi daga kan Alcyoneus, ya sanya shi a kansa, kuma ya ba da umarni cewa ya kamata a kai shi gaba a maimakon haka. Da zaran ya shiga kogon, Eurybarus ya ja Sybaris daga ramin ta kuma ya jefa ta daga duwatsu. Ta bugi kanta a kan tushe na Crisa kuma ta ɓace daga gani. Daga wannan dutse ya fito da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wanda mazauna yankin ke kira Sybaris. == Bincike == Labarin ya yi daidai da labarin Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index irin ATU 300, "The Dragon-Slayer. " Ya yi kama da labarin mai dambe Euthymos sai dai wanda aka azabtar namiji ne kuma dodon mace ce. == Dubi kuma == * Menestratus da Cleostratus * Perseus da Andromeda ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] r2qq0a3m1g0klwbc40gh7h4enymnetj 0 137787 828118 826377 2026-04-30T18:46:28Z BnHamid 12586 828118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Diva''' (wanda aka tsara a matsayin "DiVA" da "DIVA") wani rukuni ne na ƙungiyar yarinya ta Japan mai suna AKB48 wacce ke aiki daga 2011 zuwa 2014.<ref name="Disband">{{Cite web |date=August 14, 2014 |title=AKB48's sub-unit Diva to disband within the year |url=http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2014/08/akb48s-sub-unit-diva-to-disband-within-the-year |access-date=August 15, 2014 |website=Tokyohive |publisher=6Theory Media, LLC.}}</ref> Membobinta sune: Sayaka Akimoto, Sae Miyazawa, Ayaka Umeda, da Yuka Masuda . Kungiyar ta saki waƙoƙi huɗu waɗanda suka kai saman 10 na Oricon. == Tarihi == An bayyana kafa Diva ga Sayaka Akimoto da Sae Miyazawa a ranar 10 ga Janairu, 2011, kuma duk mambobin Diva sun bayyana wa jama'a a [[AKB48 Theater|Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na AKB48]] a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 2011. Ƙungiyar farko ta mambobi huɗu ta ƙunshi Sayaka Akimoto, Sae Miyazawa, Ayaka Umeda, da Yuka Masuda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 28, 2011 |title=AKB48′s Akimoto Sayaka returns to Team K captain position, forms new unit Diva |url=http://www.tokyograph.com/news/akb48s-akimoto-sayaka-returns-to-team-k-captain-position-forms-new-unit-diva#more-18562 |access-date=April 18, 2011 |publisher=Tokyograph}}</ref> Dukkanin mambobi hudu sun sanya hannu ne daga kamfanin nishaɗi Flave Entertainment, wanda aka fi sani da Office48. Ma'anar naúrar ita ce "Na farko da aka taɓa yin rawa da murya daga AKB48". Da farko an shirya su ne don fitar da wakarsu ta farko a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 2011, amma a ranar 1 ga Afrilu aka sanar da cewa an jinkirta ranar fitarwa zuwa 18 ga Mayu saboda Sakamakon girgizar kasa da tsunami ta Tōhoku ta 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2011 |title=Debut Single「タイトル未定」3形態で4月27日発売！ |url=http://avexnet.jp/id/divax/news/details/20110301001.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110308021051/http://avexnet.jp/id/divax/news/details/20110301001.html |archive-date=March 8, 2011 |access-date=April 18, 2011 |publisher=Avex Network |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 1, 2011 |script-title=ja:発売日変更のお知らせ |url=http://avexnet.or.jp/diva/news/20110401.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412192513/http://avexnet.or.jp/diva/news/20110401.html |archive-date=April 12, 2011 |access-date=April 18, 2011 |website=Diva Official Website |language=ja}}</ref> Waƙar A-gefe, "Tsuki no Ura gawa" (裏時側, Reverse side of the Moon), Yasushi Akimoto ne ya rubuta shi (ba shi da alaƙa da Sayaka), da kuma wasu waƙoƙin B-gefe ciki har da waƙar wasan kwaikwayo ta AKB48 Team-K "Blue Rose", kuma ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙar da aka rubuta a kan Type-B CD, "Information" (イン Sabatメーション), Tetsuya Komuro ne ya rubuta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discography |url=http://avexnet.or.jp/diva/discography/ |access-date=April 18, 2011 |publisher=Diva Official Website |language=ja |archive-date=August 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814131325/http://avexnet.or.jp/diva/discography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sun yi wasan kwaikwayo a fili a Kobe Collection a [[Shanghai]] a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2011. <ref name="rn.oricon">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2011 |title=AKB派生ユニットDiVA、初の中国ライブでデビュー曲披露 |url=http://rn.oricon.co.jp/news/rankingnews/86777/full/ |access-date=April 18, 2011 |publisher=[[Oricon]] |language=ja}}</ref><ref name="kobe-collection">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2011 |title=Kobe Collection 2011 Shangahi 上海公演速報レポート!! |url=http://kobe-collection.com/shanghai/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723151819/http://kobe-collection.com/shanghai/ |archive-date=July 23, 2011 |access-date=April 19, 2011 |publisher=Kobe Collection |language=ja}}</ref> An sanar da shi a shafin yanar gizon Diva cewa Akimoto za ta ci gaba da ayyukanta a Diva koda bayan ta bar AKB48 a ranar 22 ga watan Agusta, 2013 a AKB48's Tokyo Dome Concert yayin da aikinta na karshe zai kasance a ranar 28 ga watan Agustan. [1][2] A watan Maris na shekara ta 2014, Diva ta fitar da wani murfin "Wow War Tonight" na H Jungle tare da t. Waƙar tana samuwa ne kawai don saukewa daga aikace-aikacen wayar hannu na SoftBank, kuma ba ta ƙunshi Masuda ba.[3] A watan Agustan shekara ta 2014, an ba da sanarwar cewa ƙungiyar za ta sake haɗuwa kafin ƙarshen shekara ta 2014 a karo na ƙarshe don fitar da waƙoƙin su na ƙarshe, kundi na farko, da kuma kide-kide na ban kwana. An kuma tabbatar da sa hannun tsohon memba na AKB48 Masuda.[4] Wannan na karshe mai suna "Discovery", an sake shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 2014, kuma an sayar da shi a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban guda huɗu.[5] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] sf7uuze3bkglz5z6jhpi8ifondkfsu5 0 137878 828097 782289 2026-04-30T18:39:47Z BnHamid 12586 828097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Nana Katase (片瀬 那奈, Katase Nana; an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1981) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Japan, mawaƙiya, kuma samfurin kayan ado. An san ta da yin wasan kwaikwayo a Death Note 2: The Last Name (2006), Arakawa Under the Bridge (2010) da 20th Century Boys 1: Beginning of the End (2008). Katase ta nuna Kiyomi Takada a cikin Death Note: The Last Name . Ta kuma nuna Megumi Yokota a matsayin babba (tare da Mayuko Fukuda wanda ya taka rawar ƙarami Megumi Yonka) a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin akalla 'yan ƙasar Japan goma sha uku da Koriya ta Arewa ta sace a ƙarshen 1970s da farkon 1980s a Saikai: Yokota Megumi-san no Negai . Ta kuma buga Mayumi a == Hotunan fina-finai == === Fim din === * Tsakanin kwanciyar hankali da sha'awa (2001) * ''Bayani na Mutuwa: Sunan Ƙarshe'' (2006), Kiyomi Takada * ''Kira Kai'' (2007), Ryo Harada * ''Yara na karni na 20 1: Farawar Ƙarshen (2008),'' Mika Shikishima * ''Yara na Karni na 20 2: Bege na Ƙarshe'' (2009), Mika Shikishima * ''Yara na Karni na 20 3: Ceto'' (2009), Mika Shikishima * ''Trick The Movie: Psychic Battle Royale'' (2010) * Saibancho! Koko wa Choeki 4 nen na Dodesuka (2010), Mai gabatar da kara Mari Hasebe * ''Gene Waltz'' (2011), Miki Tanaka * ''Arakawa a ƙarƙashin gadar'' (2012), Maria * ''Ushijima da Loan Shark'' (2012), Chiaki Okubo * ''Hentai Kamen'' (2013) * ''Hentai Kamen: Rikicin da ba daidai ba'' (2016) * ''Ni Jarumi ne'' (2016), Tekko == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qbto8sey4nbrlnb8ps80co10ngwj9sh 0 138469 828313 788657 2026-05-01T09:06:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hooghly Madrasah tana ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin cibiyoyin ilimi a [[Bengal ta Yamma|Yammacin Bengal]]. Wani sanannen mai ba da agaji na Bengal, Haji Muhammad Mohsin ne ya kafa shi. == Tarihi == Haji Muhammad Mohsin (1732-1812) sanannen mai ba da agaji na Bengal, ya ba da gudummawar duk kadarorinsa ga al'ummar musulmi a cikin 1806 ta hanyar kafa waqf (kyautar sadaka). Shekaru biyar bayan mutuwarsa, an kafa 'Madrasa-e-Mahsania' a bakin tekun Ganges a garin Chinchura . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2010 |title=Two-hundred-year-old Hooghly Madrasa facing closure |url=http://twocircles.net/2010apr12/two_hundred_year_old_hooghly_madrasa_facing_closure.html |access-date=14 January 2026 |archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201202437/http://twocircles.net/2010apr12/two_hundred_year_old_hooghly_madrasa_facing_closure.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wannan madrasa daga baya ya zama sananne da Hooghly Madrasa . An kafa Kwalejin Hooghly Mahsin a cikin 1836 ta hanyar Asusun Gudanar da Gudanar da HonoMohsin" kuma kwalejin ne ke gudanar da Madrasa ta Hooghly. A cikin 1915, gwamnatin Burtaniya ta sake fasalin tsarin karatun madrasa kuma an gabatar da ilimin zamani. Tun daga shekara ta 1940 Madrasa ta Hooghly tana aiki a matsayin kwalejin tsakiya. Bayan samun 'yancin kai har zuwa 1962, ofishin Hukumar Madrasa ta Jihar West Bengal ya kasance a cikin madrasa. Yanzu Gwamnati ce kawai. ya dauki nauyin Madrasa kuma sashen ilimi na West Bengal- Sashen Ilimi na Makaranta ne ke gudanar da shi kai tsaye. == Dalibai == Shahararrun tsofaffi sun hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2010 |title=Two-hundred-year-old Hooghly Madrasa facing closure |url=http://twocircles.net/2010apr12/two_hundred_year_old_hooghly_madrasa_facing_closure.html |access-date=14 January 2026 |archive-date=1 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201202437/http://twocircles.net/2010apr12/two_hundred_year_old_hooghly_madrasa_facing_closure.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Sir Syed Ameer Ali (1849-1928), lauya * Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique (1845-1939), masanin addinin Musulunci * Maniruzzaman Islamabadi (1875-1950), marubuci kuma masanin addinin Musulunci * Tajuddin Ahmad (1925-1975), tsohon Firayim Minista na Bangladesh * Abu Mohammed Habibullah (1911-1984), masanin tarihi da ilimi * Shah Azizur Rahman (1925-1989), tsohon Firayim Minista na Bangladesh * Abbas Ali Khan, ministan ilimi na Gabashin Pakistan == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category: Ilimi]] [[Category:Makarantu]] s4bhgtflz23wx23w1fsetf5mn3u37n0 0 139598 828227 790383 2026-05-01T04:27:55Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 4 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Lucile L. Adams-Campbell (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1953) ita ce mace 'yar asalin Afirka ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin cututtuka a Amurka. Tana aiki a matsayin Farfesa a fannin ilimin cututtuka a Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center kuma mataimakiyar darakta a fannin lafiyar tsiraru a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Georgetown . Ita ce memba a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Ƙasa, da kuma Cibiyar Shahararrun Mutane ta Washington DC. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Adams-Campell a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] Mahaifinta, David, masanin harsuna ne kuma mahaifiyarta, Florence, malamar makaranta ce. Adams-Campbell ta sami digirin BS a fannin ilmin halitta a Jami'ar Drexel . <ref> name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Lucile L. Adams-Campbell, PhD |url=https://minorityhealthdisparities.georgetown.edu/about/adams-campbell/ |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na ɗaliba, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai koyon aiki a jiragen ruwa na ruwa. <ref name=":0" /> Ta ci gaba da karatu a Jami'ar Drexel don karatun digiri na biyu, inda ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Kimiyyar Halittu. Campbell ita ce mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin ilimin cututtuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Individual Champion/Changemaker |url=https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/lucile-adams-campbell |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=prevention.cancer.gov |language=en}}</ref> Don karatun digiri na uku, Adams-Campbell ta shiga Jami'ar Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin ilimin cututtuka a 1983. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> Binciken digirin digirgir ya yi la'akari da [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]] a cikin Baƙar fata. <ref name=":0" /> Ta yi aiki a Jami'ar Pittsburgh a matsayin mai bincike na digiri na uku har zuwa 1987. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Woman of Many Passions Lucile Adams-Campbell dedicates her career to eliminating health disparities {{!}} Pitt Chronicle {{!}} University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/woman-many-passions-lucile-adams-campbell-dedicates-her-career-eliminating-health-disparities |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=www.chronicle.pitt.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Bincike da aiki == A shekarar 1995, an naɗa ta Darakta a Cibiyar Ciwon Daji [[Jami'ar Howard|ta Jami'ar Howard]] . A lokacin, ita kaɗai ce Baƙar fata da ta jagoranci kowace cibiyar ciwon daji. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Individual Champion/Changemaker |url=https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/lucile-adams-campbell |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=prevention.cancer.gov |language=en}}</ref> Bincikenta ya fi mayar da hankali kan fahimtar bambance-bambancen lafiya, musamman cututtukan daji kamar na nono, prostate da hanji waɗanda ke shafar 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa marasa adadi. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Faculty & Staff |url=https://minorityhealthdisparities.georgetown.edu/about/faculty-staff/ |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research |language=en-US}}</ref> A wannan shekarar, Adams Campbell da Dr. Lynn Rosenberg daga Makarantar Likitanci ta Jami'ar Boston sun yi aiki tare don ƙaddamar da babban bincike na farko game da lafiya ga mata Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka. Yanzu ana kiran wannan binciken da Nazarin Lafiyar Mata Baƙar fata, kuma a cikin bayanan binciken daga mata sama da 59,000 waɗanda suka taimaka wajen gano cewa bambance-bambancen lafiya dangane da launin fata sun ba da gudummawa ga haɗarin kamuwa da cutar kansar nono da sauran abubuwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Woman of Many Passions Lucile Adams-Campbell dedicates her career to eliminating health disparities {{!}} Pitt Chronicle {{!}} University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/woman-many-passions-lucile-adams-campbell-dedicates-her-career-eliminating-health-disparities |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=www.chronicle.pitt.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Aikin Adams-Campbell ya yi amfani da gwaje-gwajen asibiti, ilimin cututtukan daji da kuma tushen cutar tare da hanyoyin rayuwa kuma ya haifar da wallafe-wallafe sama da 200 da aka yi bita da takwarorinsu da kuma amincewa da su a duniya a matsayin ƙwararre a binciken rashin daidaiton lafiya da lafiya na tsiraru. <ref name=":3" /> A halin yanzu, Adams-Campbell farfesa ce a fannin cutar kansa a Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Daji ta Lombardi da ke Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Georgetown . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=Adams-Campbell, Internationally Renowned Cancer Epidemiologist, Named a 2018 Washingtonian of the Year |url=https://lombardi.georgetown.edu/lombardi-stories/adams-campbell-named-2018-washingtonian-of-the-year/ |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Ita ce kuma mataimakiyar Darakta a Binciken Bambancin Lafiya da Lafiya na 'Yan tsiraru, Babbar Jami'ar Sadarwa da Haɗakar Al'umma, kuma ita ce Daraktan Shirin Digiri na Biyu a Shirin Cututtukan Dabbobi, Makarantar Digiri ta Fasaha da Kimiyya a Jami'ar Georgetown ban da kasancewa memba na Kwalejin Magunguna ta Ƙasa . <ref name=":3" /> Campbell ƙwararriya ce da aka sani a duniya a fannin binciken lafiya da bambance-bambancen lafiya na ƙananan yara. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucile Adams-Campbell, PhD |url=https://www.aacr.org/professionals/membership/aacr-academy/fellows/lucile-adams-campbell/ |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en}}</ref> == Lambobin yabo, girmamawa da kuma membobinsu == * Kyautar Tsoffin Daliban Jami'ar Pittsburgh ta 2000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Individual Champion/Changemaker |url=https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/lucile-adams-campbell |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=prevention.cancer.gov |language=en}}</ref> * Zaɓaɓɓen memba na Kwalejin Magunguna ta Ƙasa ta 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Woman of Many Passions Lucile Adams-Campbell dedicates her career to eliminating health disparities {{!}} Pitt Chronicle {{!}} University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/woman-many-passions-lucile-adams-campbell-dedicates-her-career-eliminating-health-disparities |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=www.chronicle.pitt.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Cibiyar Legacy ta Jami'ar Pittsburgh ta 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Individual Champion/Changemaker |url=https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/lucile-adams-campbell |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=prevention.cancer.gov |language=en}}</ref> * Memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Ka'idojin Abinci na 2015 * 2019 ta sami kyautar Aileen O'Brien Graef Speaker Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Woman of Many Passions Lucile Adams-Campbell dedicates her career to eliminating health disparities {{!}} Pitt Chronicle {{!}} University of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/woman-many-passions-lucile-adams-campbell-dedicates-her-career-eliminating-health-disparities |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=www.chronicle.pitt.edu |archive-date=2019-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917115153/https://www.chronicle.pitt.edu/story/woman-many-passions-lucile-adams-campbell-dedicates-her-career-eliminating-health-disparities |url-status=dead }}</ref> * An ba wa Joseph F. Fraumeni, Jr. lambar yabo ta musamman a shekarar 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=Adams-Campbell, Internationally Renowned Cancer Epidemiologist, Named a 2018 Washingtonian of the Year |url=https://lombardi.georgetown.edu/lombardi-stories/adams-campbell-named-2018-washingtonian-of-the-year/ |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center |language=en-US}}</ref> * A baya ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaban Ƙungiyar Binciken Ciwon Daji ta Amurka . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lucile L. Adams-Campbell, PhD {{!}} AACR Women in Cancer Research {{!}} Constituency Groups |url=https://www.aacr.org/governance/lucile-l-adams-campbell-phd/ |access-date=2020-06-27 |website=American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Taron Manufofin Ciwon Daji na Kasa na Kwalejin Magunguna ta Kasa <ref name=":3"/> * Kwamitin Masu Ba da Shawara kan Kimiyya na Cibiyar Bincike Kan Kwayoyin Halittar Dan Adam ta Ƙasa <ref name=":3" /> * Zauren Shahararru na DC <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Lucile L. Adams-Campbell, PhD |url=https://minorityhealthdisparities.georgetown.edu/about/adams-campbell/ |access-date=2020-07-12 |website=Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://minorityhealthdisparities.georgetown.edu/about/adams-campbell/ "Lucile L. Adams-Campbell, PhD"]. ''Office of Minority Health & Health Disparities Research''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name=":3" /> * Shugaban Majalisar Mata a Binciken Ciwon Daji ta Ƙungiyar Binciken Ciwon Daji ta Amurka (WICR) == Littattafai da aka zaɓa == * {{Cite journal |last=NIH Consensus Development Panel on Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy |date=2001-02-14 |title=Osteoporosis Prevention, Diagnosis, and Therapy |journal=JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association |volume=285 |issue=6 |pages=785–795 |doi=10.1001/jama.285.6.785 |issn=0098-7484 |pmid=11176917}} * {{Cite journal |last=Chlebowski |first=Rowan T. |last2=Wactawski-Wende |first2=Jean |last3=Ritenbaugh |first3=Cheryl |last4=Hubbell |first4=F. Allan |last5=Ascensao |first5=Joao |last6=Rodabough |first6=Rebecca J. |last7=Rosenberg |first7=Carol A. |last8=Taylor |first8=Victoria M. |last9=Harris |first9=Randall |last10=Chen |first10=Chu |last11=Adams-Campbell |first11=Lucile L. |date=2004-03-04 |title=Estrogen plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer in Postmenopausal Women |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |language=en |volume=350 |issue=10 |pages=991–1004 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa032071 |issn=0028-4793 |pmid=14999111 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Prentice |first=Ross L. |last2=Caan |first2=Bette |last3=Chlebowski |first3=Rowan T. |last4=Patterson |first4=Ruth |last5=Kuller |first5=Lewis H. |last6=Ockene |first6=Judith K. |last7=Margolis |first7=Karen L. |last8=Limacher |first8=Marian C. |last9=Manson |first9=JoAnn E. |last10=Parker |first10=Linda M. |last11=Paskett |first11=Electra |date=2006-02-08 |title=Low-Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=295 |issue=6 |pages=629–42 |doi=10.1001/jama.295.6.629 |issn=0098-7484 |pmid=16467232 |doi-access=free}} * {{Cite journal |last=Chlebowski |first=Rowan T. |last2=Chen |first2=Zhao |last3=Anderson |first3=Garnet L. |author-link3=Garnet Anderson |last4=Rohan |first4=Thomas |last5=Aragaki |first5=Aaron |last6=Lane |first6=Dorothy |last7=Dolan |first7=Nancy C. |last8=Paskett |first8=Electra D. |last9=McTiernan |first9=Anne |last10=Hubbell |first10=F. Alan |last11=Adams-Campbell |first11=Lucile L. |date=2005-03-16 |title=Ethnicity and Breast Cancer: Factors Influencing Differences in Incidence and Outcome |url=https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/97/6/439/2544155 |journal=JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute |language=en |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=439–448 |doi=10.1093/jnci/dji064 |issn=0027-8874 |pmid=15770008 |url-access=subscription}} Za a iya samun cikakken jerin dukkan wallafe-wallafe [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/myncbi/lucile.adams-campbell.1/bibliography/47326340/public/?sort=date&direction=ascending a nan] . == Rayuwa ta sirri == Adams-Campbell ta auri Thomas Campbell, wanda ta yi makarantar sakandare tare da shi a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], amma ba ta haɗu da shi yadda ya kamata ba har sai da ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Drexel . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Individual Champion/Changemaker |url=https://prevention.cancer.gov/about-dcp/history-and-timeline/commemoration-50th/lucile-adams-campbell |access-date=2025-10-30 |website=prevention.cancer.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]] 5xeklf05hqjl9ukw6p6a4rqdsftgdvj 0 139703 828193 794792 2026-04-30T23:37:32Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Justice_for_George_Mural.jpg|thumb|Zane mai bango da Leslie Barlow ta ƙirƙira a Minneapolis, MN, a shekarar 2020 a matsayin wani ɓangare na martanin Creatives After Curfew game da kisan George Floyd.]] '''Leslie Barlow''' 'yar Amurka ce mai zane-zane a Minneapolis, Minnesota, wacce ta fi mayar da hankali kan zane-zane da ke tattauna jigogi na al'adu daban-daban, asali, da iyali. <ref> name=":0">{{Cite web |title=MFA Student Profile: Leslie Barlow |url=https://mcad.edu/features/mfa-student-profile-leslie-barlow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619003924/https://mcad.edu/features/mfa-student-profile-leslie-barlow |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=mcad.edu |language=en}}</ref> Duk da cewa an fi sanin Barlow da zanen mai, tana kuma aiki da kayan aikin sadarwa iri-iri, ciki har da canja wurin hotuna da zane-zane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Leslie Barlow kuma ta girma a Kudancin Minneapolis kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Kudu maso Yamma. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=MFA Student Profile: Leslie Barlow |url=https://mcad.edu/features/mfa-student-profile-leslie-barlow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619003924/https://mcad.edu/features/mfa-student-profile-leslie-barlow |archive-date=2020-06-19 |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=mcad.edu |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200619003924/https://mcad.edu/features/mfa-student-profile-leslie-barlow "MFA Student Profile: Leslie Barlow"]. ''mcad.edu''. Archived from [https://mcad.edu/features/mfa-student-profile-leslie-barlow the original] on 2020-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-18</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta sami digirinta na farko a Fasahar Zane-zane ta Studio tare da mai da hankali kan zane-zane <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> da kuma ƙaramar digiri a Gudanar da Kasuwanci daga Jami'ar Wisconsin-Stout a 2011. Bayan kammala karatun ta, ta riƙe matsayin ɗalibi mai horo da kuma mai ba da agaji a cibiyar zane-zane ta zamani da ke Minneapolis The Soap Factory. Barlow ta ci gaba da samun digirinta na biyu a fannin zane-zane daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Minneapolis a fannin Zane da Zane a 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Kate |date=2016-11-30 |title=Trailblazers 2016: Leslie Barlow |url=https://growlermag.com/trailblazers-2016-leslie-barlow/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515042938/https://growlermag.com/trailblazers-2016-leslie-barlow/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=2019-05-15 |website=Growler Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Colbert |first=Harry |date=2019-03-19 |title=Leslie Barlow examines ethnicity in the family dynamic in new collection |url=https://www.insightnews.com/aesthetics/leslie-barlow-examines-ethnicity-in-the-family-dynamic-in-new-collection/article_cc6b96ac-4a7c-11e9-8d26-7f438cc27084.html |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=Insight News |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> == Sana'a == Bayan kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Fasaha da Zane ta Minneapolis, Barlow ta yi wani baje kolin ayyukanta, mai taken ''Love,'' kuma an nuna ayyukanta a wurare kamar filin wasa na bankin Amurka . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> Barlow tana amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban don ƙirƙirar kayanta, tun daga ayyukan da aka yi da fenti kawai zuwa ga kayan watsa labarai iri-iri waɗanda ke amfani da kayayyaki daban-daban, kamar yadda take "tsara zane da bangarori tare da zane-zanen yadudduka waɗanda ke bayyana ta cikin siffofinta..." <ref name="Regan">{{Cite web |last=Regan |first=Sheila |date=2017-03-10 |title=The Artist Painting Intimate Portraits of Interracial Love |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/leslie-barlow-loving-paintings/ |access-date=2019-05-15 |website=Vice |language=en-US}}</ref> Aikin Barlow ya mayar da hankali kan jigogi na launin fata, jinsi, jima'i, da iyali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> Waɗannan sun bayyana sosai a cikin babban baje kolinta na farko, ''Love'', wanda ke magance tambayoyi da suka shafi duk waɗannan jigogi daban-daban. <ref name="startribune.com">{{Cite web |title=Interracial families are focus of buzzworthy painter's new Minneapolis show |url=http://www.startribune.com/interracial-families-are-focus-of-buzzworthy-painter-s-new-minneapolis-show/414629373/ |access-date=2019-05-15 |website=Star Tribune |archive-date=2019-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515042938/http://www.startribune.com/interracial-families-are-focus-of-buzzworthy-painter-s-new-minneapolis-show/414629373/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Zane-zane == An haifi Barlow a cikin gidan da ke da bambancin launin fata daban-daban, wanda hakan ya yi tasiri sosai a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin aikinta. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan mutum da labaran da suka shafi asali da al'adu daban-daban. <ref name=":0"/> Aikin Barlow yana cikin tarin dindindin na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Minneapolis ; Gidan Tarihi na Weisman ; Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Amurka na Minnesota ; Tarin Fasaha na Minnesota Vikings ; da Ƙungiyar Tarihi ta Minnesota . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> === ''Mai ƙauna'' === [[Fayil:Liberation_Mural.jpg|thumb|Masu zane-zane Taylan DeJohnette da Maiya Lea Hartman ne suka zana wani zane a bango a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Creatives After Curfew wanda Leslie Barlow, Studio 400, da Public Functionary suka shirya don mayar da martani ga kisan da jami'an 'yan sanda suka yi wa Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka.]] An ƙirƙiri wani aiki na Barlow na 2017, ''mai suna Loving,'' don tattauna dangantakar launin fata tsakanin kabilu shekaru 50 bayan shari'ar kotu mai suna Loving v. Virginia, wacce shari'a ce ta Kotun Koli ta Amurka wadda ta haramta wa jihohi hana auren launin fata tsakanin kabilu. Barlow kuma yana ƙoƙarin fahimtar dangantakar launin fata tsakanin kabilu a gwamnatin Trump. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> <ref name="startribune.com"/> An nuna Barlow's ''Loving'' a wani baje koli a Public Functionary da ke Minneapolis a watan Maris na 2017. <ref name="startribune.com" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> Baje kolin ya ƙunshi hotuna 10 na ma'aurata masu launin fata daban-daban waɗanda ba a cika nuna su a cikin hoton mai ba . <ref name="Regan"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Kate |date=2016-11-30 |title=Trailblazers 2016: Leslie Barlow |url=https://growlermag.com/trailblazers-2016-leslie-barlow/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515042938/https://growlermag.com/trailblazers-2016-leslie-barlow/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=2019-05-15 |website=Growler Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> An zaɓi Barlow daga cikin wasu mawakan gida 34 don ƙirƙirar zane-zane da Minnesota Vikings suka yi wahayi zuwa gare su don buɗe filin wasa na US Bank, inda Barlow ya ƙirƙiri manyan hotuna 6 na tsoffin 'yan wasan Vikings. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> == Ƙungiyoyin fafutuka == Barlow, tare da Ryan Stopera, Mackenzie Owens, da kuma mutane 30 ko fiye da Baƙaƙe da 'Yan Asalin ƙasar da aka zana zane-zane masu launi a kan harkokin kasuwanci da aka gina a cikin Twin Cities a cikin makonnin da aka yi ana rikicin farar hula bayan kisan George Floyd . Ƙungiyar, ƙarƙashin taken #creativesaftercurfew, ta tara kuɗi don fenti da kayayyaki ta hanyar gudummawar mutum ɗaya da tallafin kasuwanci da tallafi kamar Wet Paint, Blick Art Materials, da Graves Foundation. Sun kammala zane-zane a Fallout Arts da ke Minneapolis kuma suna shirin kammala ƙarin a kamfanoni sama da 20 mallakar BIPOC . == Kyaututtuka == * Ɗan Wasan McKnight na 2019 don Masu Zane-zane na gani <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> * 2019 20/20 Springboard Artist Fellowship <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ellen Barlow, Leslie Barlow ^ Minneapolis Institute of Art |url=http://collections.artsmia.org/art/140155/ellen-barlow-leslie-barlow |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=collections.artsmia.org}}</ref> * Ƙungiyar Mawakan Jerome Hill ta 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=Kate |date=2016-11-30 |title=Trailblazers 2016: Leslie Barlow |url=https://growlermag.com/trailblazers-2016-leslie-barlow/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190515042938/https://growlermag.com/trailblazers-2016-leslie-barlow/ |archive-date=2019-05-15 |access-date=2019-05-15 |website=Growler Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> * Mawaki Mai Tunawa da Bikin Baje Kolin Jihar Minnesota na 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Colbert |first=Harry |date=2019-03-19 |title=Leslie Barlow examines ethnicity in the family dynamic in new collection |url=https://www.insightnews.com/aesthetics/leslie-barlow-examines-ethnicity-in-the-family-dynamic-in-new-collection/article_cc6b96ac-4a7c-11e9-8d26-7f438cc27084.html |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=Insight News |language=en}}</ref> == Nunin kai kaɗai == * 2021 - ''Cikin, Tsakanin, da Bayan haka'', [https://new.artsmia.org/exhibition/leslie-barlow-within-between-and-beyond/ Cibiyar Fasaha ta Minneapolis]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, [[Minnesota]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] jmf44c93121cpyki7o7no3skgcc6ncx 0 139907 828189 794788 2026-04-30T22:35:39Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Leila Salim Musa bin Khalifa''' ko kuma a sauƙaƙe '''Leila bin Khalifa''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 1975) ɗan jarida ne na ƙasar Libya, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, kuma shugaban Jam'iyyar National Movement Party . <ref name="arb">{{Cite web |date=22 November 2021 |title=إكتشف 8 معلومات عن المرشحة الرئاسية ليلى بن خليفة |url=https://www.afrigatenews.net/article/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81-8-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9/ |language=ar |access-date=7 February 2026 |archive-date=22 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122021034/https://www.afrigatenews.net/article/%D8%A5%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%81-8-%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%A9/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Leila bin Khalifa a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 1975, a birnin [[Zuwarah|Zuwara]] na ƙasar Libya. <ref name="gl">{{Cite web |last=Sadler |first=David |date=22 November 2021 |title=The First Woman In The History Of Libya To Run For President |url=https://globeecho.com/news/the-first-woman-in-the-history-of-libya-to-run-for-president/ |language=en}}</ref> Ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci a shekarar 2017, da kuma difloma a fannin ba da shawara kan harkokin diflomasiyya da na jakadanci a shekarar 2018. <ref name="arb"/> A ƙarƙashin dokar zaɓen ƙasar Libya, ana buƙatar 'yan takara su sami digiri na jami'a daga wata jami'a da aka amince da ita. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=31 May 2022 |title=Toronto University denies that Dbeibeh has obtained a certificate from its faculties |url=https://en.218tv.net/2021/12/23/toronto-university-denies-that-dbeibeh-has-obtained-a-certificate-from-its-faculties/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107154008/https://en.218tv.net/2021/12/23/toronto-university-denies-that-dbeibeh-has-obtained-a-certificate-from-its-faculties/ |archive-date=7 January 2022 |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> == Fafutukar siyasa == Leila bin Khalifa fitacciyar mai fafutuka ce kuma tana da tarihin fafutukar ganin an samu ƙarin mata su shiga harkokin siyasa a [[Libya]] . A matsayinta na Babban Jami'in Yaƙin Neman Zaɓe na ''We Look 30'', wanda aka ƙaddamar a shekarar 2018 don tallafawa da ƙarfafa mata, musamman, ra'ayin rabon kaso ga mata a zaɓe. <ref name="sse">{{Cite web |last=Fetouri |first=Mustafa |date=1 December 2021 |title=Women face obstacles in bid for Libyan presidency |url=https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/12/women-face-obstacles-bid-libyan-presidency |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="s2">{{Cite web |last=Herrera |first=Brenton |date=10 December 2021 |title=Learn about the most prominent candidates for the Libyan presidential elections |url=https://www.fourals.com/2021/12/10/learn-about-the-most-prominent-candidates-for-the-libyan-presidential-elections/ |language=en |access-date=7 February 2026 |archive-date=21 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121233416/https://www.fourals.com/2021/12/10/learn-about-the-most-prominent-candidates-for-the-libyan-presidential-elections/ |url-status=dead }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHerrera2021">Herrera, Brenton (10 December 2021). [https://www.fourals.com/2021/12/10/learn-about-the-most-prominent-candidates-for-the-libyan-presidential-elections/ "Learn about the most prominent candidates for the Libyan presidential elections"]{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</cite></ref> Ta kafa jam'iyyar National Movement Party ( Arabic ) wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga ''ƙungiyar [[Bashir Bey Sadawi|Bashir El Saadawi]]'' ta shekarun 1940s <ref name="to">{{Cite web |date= |title=Madam President? Interview with Libya presidential candidate Ms Laila Salim bin Khalifa |url=https://www.vanessatomassini.com/my-latest/madam-president-interview-with-libya-presidential-candidate-ms-laila-salim-bin-khalifa |language=en |access-date=2026-02-07 |archive-date=2022-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010114921/https://www.vanessatomassini.com/my-latest/madam-president-interview-with-libya-presidential-candidate-ms-laila-salim-bin-khalifa |url-status=dead }}</ref> da kuma jam'iyyar ''National Congress Party'' da ta rushe. == Takarar shugaban ƙasa a 2022 == A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2021, a matsayinta na shugabar jam'iyyar National Movement Party, Leila bin Khalifa ta bayyana aniyarta ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin Libya, inda ta gabatar da takardar takararta ta neman shugabancin kasar. Bin Khalifa ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi takarar shugaban kasa a tarihin [[Libya]] bayan ta mika takardunta ga ''Hukumar Zaɓe ta Ƙasa'' . === Dandalin === Dandalin siyasarta yana da waɗannan manufofi: * fafutukar kare mata a wuraren yanke shawara, musamman a hukumomin dokoki <ref name="s2"/> * Bai kamata wakilcin mata ya zama ƙasa da kashi 30% a majalisar dokoki, ma'aikatu da gwamnati <ref name="s2" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haife Leila bin Khalifa a birnin Zuwara, asalin [[Abzinawa|Amazigh]] ne. <ref name="to"/> A halin yanzu tana zaune a [[Tripoli]], kuma tana da aure. <ref name="arb"/> == Duba kuma == * Zaɓen shugaban ƙasa a Libya a shekarar 2022 == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] dcajtiuzz8ctncq1tcl93r8tvhafc28 0 140196 828201 793188 2026-05-01T00:14:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Elizabeth "Libby" Clark''' (1917 ko 1918 - Janairu 23, 2012) 'yar jarida ce 'yar asalin Afirka-Amurka wacce nasarorinta suka haɗa da kafa mujalla a [[Los Angeles]], yin aiki a matsayin marubuciyar jarida, da kuma kafa kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a na kanta. == Shekarun farko == Clark, ɗan asalin Chester, Pennsylvania, yana ɗaya daga cikin aƙalla yara shida da Samuel W. Clark da Emily G. Smith suka haifa. Clark ya kammala karatunsa ne a Jami'ar Columbia . == Sana'a == A shekarar 1954, Clark ta ƙaddamar da mujallar FEM, wata mujalla da aka yi wa mata, wadda ta mayar da hankali kan 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa. Clark ta ce bayan haka, baya ga kasancewa mai ba da labari ga masu karatu, tana son wannan mujalla ta sa masu tallata su san yuwuwar siyan mata 'yan Afirka-Amurkawa masu miliyoyin daloli. Clark ta yi rubutu a ''Chester Times'' kuma ta yi aiki a ofishin ''Pittsburgh Courier'' na Yammacin Tekun Amurka. Daga baya ta rubuta game da batutuwan abinci da zamantakewa na ''Los Angeles Sentinel'' tsawon shekaru 50. Shafinta, "Food For Thought," wanda ya shigar da wayar da kan jama'a kan siyasa a cikin labaran abinci ga masu sauraro, an tallata shi a jaridu 150 ta hannun Amalgamated Publishers, Inc. Daga 1989 zuwa 1994, ta buga "The Plum Book," wani littafi na shekara-shekara na 'Who's Who' a cikin al'ummar baƙar fata ta Los Angeles/Southern California, kuma ta rarraba shi kyauta ga 'yan siyasa da shugabannin al'umma a matsayin albarkatun al'umma. Ta kuma gyara kuma ta rubuta tare da haɗin gwiwar ''littafin girke-girke na Black Family Reunion'', wanda ya sayar da kwafi sama da 250,000 kuma ya zama jerin sunayen da aka fi sayarwa a 1991. A shekarar 1951, Jami'ar Southern California (USC) ta naɗa Clark a matsayin ɗan jarida wanda zai raka ƙungiyar ɗaliban USC zuwa rangadin watanni biyu na Turai da kuma bayar da rahoto kan ayyukan ɗaliban. Clark ta kuma yi amfani da ƙwarewarta ta aikin jarida a fannin hulɗa da jama'a lokacin da ta zama Ba'amurke ɗan asalin Afirka ta farko da ke da lasisin kasuwanci don mallakar kamfanin hulɗa da jama'a, Libby Clark Associates, a California; ta ci gaba da gudanar da kamfanin tsawon shekaru 50. <ref> name="aw">{{Cite web |last=Fleischer |first=Matthew |date=February 2, 2012 |title=Trailblazing Black Female Journalist Libby Clark Dies at 94 |url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/trailblazing-black-female-journalist-libby-clark-dies-at-94/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230034036/https://www.adweek.com/digital/trailblazing-black-female-journalist-libby-clark-dies-at-94/ |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |website=AdWeek}}</ref> A shekarar 1969, Gundumar Los Angeles ta ɗauke ta aiki a matsayin jami'ar bayanai ta jama'a a Asibitin Martin Luther King Jr. da aka gina a wancan lokacin. Ɗaya daga cikin abokan hulɗarta ta hulɗa da jama'a ita ce marubucin fina-finai, mai haɗin gwiwa da Lenny Bruce ( ''Leather Jacket'', <ref name="brandeis/bruce-film">{{Cite web |title=Brandeis Library Acquires Original, Unreleased Lenny Bruce Short Film |url=https://www.brandeis.edu/library/about/news/articles/lenny-bruce-film.html |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=[[brandeis.edu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''Killer's Grave'' and ''The Degenerate'' ), marubuci, <ref> name="GR/wkt">{{Cite web |title=William Karl Thomas |url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/5436232.William_Karl_Thomas |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=[[goodreads.com]]}}</ref> <ref>name="gettyimages/2113102355">{{Cite web |last=Kisch |first=John |date=2022 |title=William Karl Thomas |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/american-screenwriter-author-and-photographer-william-karl-news-photo/2113102355 |website=[[Getty Images]] |language=en-us |quote=American screenwriter, author, and photographer William Karl Thomas who collaborated closely with Lenny Bruce in the 1950s and 1960s poses for a portrait }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma ɗan jarida mai ɗaukar hoto <ref> name="mM/wKt">{{Cite web |title=William Karl Thomas photography |url=https://mediamaestro.net/ThomasPhotography.htm |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=mediamaestro.net}}</ref> William Karl Thomas (an haife shi a ranar 25 ga Janairu, 1933 a Bay St. Louis, Mississippi <ref> name="mM/wkt-Bio">{{Cite web |title=William Karl Thomas, biography |url=https://www.mediamaestro.net/ThomasBio.htm |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=www.mediamaestro.net}}</ref> ), wanda, a cikin 2011, ya buga wani labari mai suna "Cleo," <ref> name="goodreads/cleo">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=William Karl |author-link=William Karl Thomas |title=Cleo |url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13388809-cleo |access-date=22 March 2025 |website=Goodreads |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="youtube/d_RPKwTkm6M">{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=William Karl |date=18 January 2021 |title=Book trailer for the novel "Cleo" |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_RPKwTkm6M |website=William Karl Thomas |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> bisa ga haɗin gwiwarsa na shekaru goma da Miss Libby Clark a shekarun 1950 da 1960. A cikin littafin ya bayyana abota ta sirri da shahararrun mutane Lena Horne, Dorothy Dandridge, [[James Baldwin]], Tom Bradley, Leo Branton, da sauransu. Ya kuma haɗa da wasu daga cikin rahotannin da ta bayar a shekarar 1960 game da 'yancin kai na Najeriya a Afirka tare da wasu daga cikin hirarrakinta da [[Golda Meir]], [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], da Gimbiya Alexandra daga Ingila. Shafin yanar gizon mawallafin Thomas ya haɗa da samfurin ɗaukar hotonsa tare da hotunan Libby Clark. <ref>{{Cite news |author=Pleasant, Betty |date=February 8, 2012 |title=Libby Clark, former Courier reporter and pioneering Black journalist dies |work=Variety |page=B5 |id={{ProQuest|923726213}} |quote=Funeral services for Libby Clark, the Grande Dame of the Black press, were held Jan. 30 in the Chapel of Roses at the Simpson Funeral Home in Inglewood. Clark, believed to have been suffering from Alzheimer's Disease, died in her sleep on Jan. 23. She was 94 years old.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Ganewa == Lokacin da take da shekaru 85, Clark ta sami kyautar Nasarar Rayuwa ta Ƙungiyar Mawallafan Jaridu ta Ƙasa . <ref name="aw">{{Cite web |last=Fleischer |first=Matthew |date=February 2, 2012 |title=Trailblazing Black Female Journalist Libby Clark Dies at 94 |url=https://www.adweek.com/digital/trailblazing-black-female-journalist-libby-clark-dies-at-94/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230034036/https://www.adweek.com/digital/trailblazing-black-female-journalist-libby-clark-dies-at-94/ |archive-date=30 December 2018 |access-date=30 December 2018 |website=AdWeek}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFleischer2012">Fleischer, Matthew (February 2, 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181230034036/https://www.adweek.com/digital/trailblazing-black-female-journalist-libby-clark-dies-at-94/ "Trailblazing Black Female Journalist Libby Clark Dies at 94"]. ''AdWeek''. Archived from [https://www.adweek.com/digital/trailblazing-black-female-journalist-libby-clark-dies-at-94/ the original] on 30 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> A shekarar 1992, an karrama ta da cin abincin dare na fa'ida domin girmama shekaru hamsin da ta yi tana aikin jarida. Kuɗaɗen da aka tara a wurin taron sun je ga Asusun Tallafawa 'Yan Afirka da Amirka na McGarrity Memorial, wanda ke taimaka wa ɗaliban Afirka da Amirka. Maraice ya haɗa da "sanarwar da aka yi daga fitattun 'yan siyasa a California suna yaba mata tsawon shekaru da ta yi tana yi wa al'umma hidima." == Rayuwa ta sirri == Clark ya yi aure sau huɗu: a shekarar 1942 ga Samuel William, wani ma'aikacin ƙarfe kuma mai gidan wanka a Chester, Pennsylvania, har sai da suka rabu a shekarar 1947; <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> a shekarar 1955 ga Walter Stanley, ma'aikacin jirgin sama kuma mai gidan mai a Los Angeles, wanda aka soke aurensa a shekarar 1956; a shekarar 1970 ga Jim Allen, wani babban ɗan kwangilar gini wanda ya kasance abokin hulɗa da jama'a na tsawon shekaru 10 kuma wanda ya mutu watanni 8 bayan aurensu sakamakon raunin kwakwalwa da ya samu yayin da yake duba wani ƙaramin sashe da yake ginawa; da kuma a ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1977 ga John E. Fegan, wanda ya mallaki shagunan haya na tuxedo, wanda aka soke aurensa bayan shekara guda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A cikin shekaru goma daga 1957 zuwa 1967, ta ci gaba da kasancewa da alaƙa ta ƙwararru da ta kashin kai da marubucin, William Karl Thomas, wanda ke da shekaru goma sha biyar a ƙarƙashinta. == Mutuwa == Clark ya mutu sakamakon cutar Alzheimer a Inglewood, California, a shekarar 2012. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1917]] [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] pb1asyr8c13576ama5yxmjwdhu7ajnh 0 140559 828186 794954 2026-04-30T21:42:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lauren Akins''' ( née aka '''haifa''' a ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1989) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka, mai watsa shirye-shiryen podcast, kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Ita ce marubucin littafin ''Live in Love: Growing Together Through Life's Changes'', wanda ya kasance littafin da aka fi sayarwa a <nowiki><i id="mwEA">jaridar New York Times</i></nowiki> . == Rayuwar farko == Akins ta girma a Madison, Tennessee kuma ta halarci Makarantar Kirista ta Goodpasture. Iyayenta su ne Steve da Lisa Gregory. Tana da ƙanwarta Macy, da ƙanenta Grayson. Akins ya halarci [[Jami'ar Tennessee]], inda ya sami digiri a fannin aikin jinya. == Sana'a == Akins ta yi aiki da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai fafutukar kare hakkin marayu, Marayu Miliyan 147. Ta bayar da gudummawar sama da dala $250,000 a wani taro da aka yi wa kungiyar a watan Oktoban 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchard |first=Jeremy |date=2019-03-16 |title=How '147 Million Orphans' Led Thomas Rhett and Lauren Akins to Willa Gray |url=https://www.wideopencountry.com/147-million-orphans/ |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=Wide Open Country |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga Mayu, 2021, Akins ta fitar da littafinta mai ''suna Live in Love: Growing Together Through Life's Changes'', wani littafin tarihi wanda ta rubuta tare da Mark Dagostino. Littafin ya shahara a <nowiki><i id="mwPA">jaridar New York Times</i></nowiki> . A watan Mayu na 2021, Akins ta fitar da wani shiri mai kaso takwas, Live in Love with Lauren Akins, wanda Annie F. Downs ke daukar nauyinsa. A watan Oktoba na 2021, kakar wasa ta biyu ta shirin podcast ta fara fitowa. A shekarar 2023, Akins ya fitar da turarensa da nata tare da Ranger Station, wani gidan turare da ke Nashville. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gruener |first=Brandee |date=8 December 2023 |title=Lauren Akins And Ranger Station Launch New Perfume Collection In Time For Holiday Shopping |url=https://www.southernliving.com/lauren-atkins-ranger-station-perfume-daisy-cowboy-8413547 |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=Southern Living }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rabin kudin da aka samu ya tafi ga Love One International, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a Uganda. <ref name=":0" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Akins sun auri mawakin ƙasar Thomas Rhett Akins a ranar 12 ga Oktoba, 2012. <ref name="Dunkerley">{{Cite web |last=Dunkerley |first=Beville |date=October 15, 2012 |title=Country Newcomer Thomas Rhett Weds Childhood Crush |url=http://theboot.com/thomas-rhett-married/ |access-date=December 13, 2021 |website=The Boot}}</ref> Sun haɗu a aji ɗaya kuma suka zama abokai a makarantar sakandare kafin daga baya suka fara soyayya a makarantar sakandare. <ref name="Dunkerley" /> <ref name="Juneau" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=All About Thomas Rhett and Lauren Akins' 4 Kids |url=https://people.com/all-about-thomas-rhett-lauren-akins-kids-7502266 |access-date=2025-01-09 |website=People.com |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2017, sun sanar da cewa za su ɗauki jaririya, Willa Gray, daga [[Uganda]] wadda aka haifa a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2015, kuma suna da juna biyu. An haifi 'yarsu ta biyu, Ada James a ranar 12 ga Agusta, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Amy |date=August 13, 2017 |title=Thomas Rhett's Baby Girl Has Arrived |url=http://theboot.com/thomas-rhett-baby-girl-2017/?trackback=reddit_flat_3 |access-date=October 8, 2017 |website=The Boot}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2019, sun sanar da cewa suna da juna biyu 'yarsu ta uku. <ref name="Juneau">{{Cite web |last=Juneau |first=Jen |date=July 23, 2019 |title=Big 'Life Changes'! Thomas Rhett and Wife Lauren Akins Expecting Third Daughter: 'Bring on the Crazy' |url=https://people.com/parents/thomas-rhett-expecting-third-child-daughter-wife-lauren-pregnant/ |website=People}}</ref> An haifi 'yarsu ta uku, Lennon Love, a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 2020. An haifi 'yarsu ta huɗu, Lillie Carolina, a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas Rhett and Lauren Akins Welcome Fourth Baby, Daughter Lillie Carolina: See Her Photo |url=https://people.com/parents/thomas-rhett-lauren-akins-welcome-fourth-daughter-lillie-carolina/ |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=Peoplemag |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2025, ma'auratan sun sanar da cewa suna da juna biyu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Andaloro |first=Angela |last2=Grant |first2=Kayla |date=August 26, 2025 |title=Thomas Rhett and Lauren Akins Expecting Baby No. 5: 'Here We Go Again!' |url=https://people.com/thomas-rhett-lauren-akins-expecting-baby-no-5-7502866 |access-date=August 26, 2025}}</ref> Iyalin suna zaune a Nashville. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-05 |title=See Inside Thomas Rhett & Lauren Akins' Nashville Home: 'I Love How Much Love It Holds' |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/see-inside-thomas-rhett-lauren-175925360.html?src=rss |access-date=2024-08-20 |website=Yahoo News |language=en-CA}}</ref> Akins Kirista ne. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1989]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kxrk915hn5vtztlkcshcwoam620f4bx 0 140869 828100 796212 2026-04-30T18:40:39Z BnHamid 12586 828100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abu Yahya ibn al-Sakkak al-Miknasi''' (Arabic: ابن السكاك المكناسي) (full name: '''Abu Yahya or Abu Abd Allah Mohammed ibn Abu Ghalib ibn Ahmad ibn Mohammed ibn Abu-l-Hasan Ali ibn Mohammed ibn as-Sakkak al-Miknasi'''; d. 22 May 1415), was a Moroccan historian, genealogist, judge, Maliki scholar and [[Sufiyya|Sufi]] mystic. He was born in [[Fas|Fez]] into the Ibn al-Sakkak family, a [[Abzinawa|Berber]] family from the Miknasa tribe. He was a friend of [[Ibn Kaldun|Ibn Khaldun]], they both studied under al-Sharif al-Tilimsani.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|edition=Mohamed}}</ref> al-Sakkak was especially well known as author of an advice to Muslim kings, ''Nush muluk al-islam bi-al-tarif bi-ma yajibu alay-him min huquq ila bayt al-kiram''. In his advice Ibn Sakkak expressed skepticism about the divine right claimed by some rulers in his time. Ibn Sakkak shi ne kuma marubucin ''Kitab al-Uslub min-al-kalam 'ala la hawla wa-la quwwata illa billah'' (wanda aka sani da ''Kitab al-Asalib''), littafi na farko game da Tariqa Shadhiliyya a Maroko, inda ya yi amfani da sunan "Shadhili" ga Ibn Abbad al-Rundi (d. 792/1377). == Manazarta == <references /> {{Maliki scholars}}{{Authority control}} 744gut3ejihf7bjs53oih0kx8fdm72r 0 141021 828209 801282 2026-05-01T01:01:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lin Nu''' (, Xiao'erjing) ɗan kasuwa ne kuma masanin kasar Sin a farkon Daular Ming . Shi ne kakannin marigayi masanin falsafar Ming Li Zhi . Iyalinsa asalin Han ne kuma reshen da ya kasance mai gaskiya ga al'adun Han ya yanke reshen Lin Nu don auren baƙo da juyawa zuwa wani addini.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Hans |date=2001 |title="The Barbarians' Writing is like Worms, and their Speech is like the Screeching of Owls" - Exclusion and Acculturation in the Early Ming Period |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=412 |jstor=43380301}}</ref> Mahaifinsa shi ne Lin Lü. A kusa da shekara ta 1376 Lin Nu mai shekaru 30 ya ziyarci Ormuz a [[Iran|Farisa]], ya tuba zuwa Islama, kuma ya auri yarinyar Semu ("娶色目女") (watakila Farisa ko Larabawa) kuma ya dawo da ita Quanzhou a Fujian.<ref name="Chen">{{Cite web |last=Chen |first=Da-Sheng |title=CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chinese-iranian-vii |access-date=2010-06-28 |publisher=Encyclopedia Iranica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=侯外庐 |title=李贽生平的战斗历程及其著述 |url=http://www.guoxue.com/master/houwailu/hwl01.htm |access-date=25 August 2014 |website=国学网}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wang |first=Tai Peng |title=Zheng He and his Envoys' Visits to Cairo in 1414 and 1433 |url=http://www.gavinmenzies.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/wangtaipeng_zhenghevisittocairo.pdf |pages=17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wang Tai Peng |title=Zheng He and his Envoys' Visits to Cairo in 1414 and 1433 |url=http://www.gavinmenzies.net/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/wangtaipeng_zhenghevisittocairo.pdf |access-date=25 August 2014 |page=17}}The translator mistranslated xiyang (western ocean) as xiyu (western region) and mistranslated semu as "purple eyed". Original Chinese text says 洪武丙展九年,奉命发舶西洋,娶色目人.遂习其俗,终身不革. And 奉命發舶西洋;娶色目女,遂習其俗六世祖林駑, ...</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-08-30 <!-- 11:03:10 --> |editor-last=蔡庆佳 |title=多元的泉州社会——以伊斯兰文化融合为例 |url=http://study.qzwb.com/content/2009-08/30/content_3153075.htm |access-date=25 August 2014 |website=学术研究-学习在线 |publisher=来源： 学习在线 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An rubuta wannan a cikin asalin Lin da Li. An yi imanin cewa auren yarinyar Hormuzian Farisa ga Lin Nu wanda ya kasance tare da juyowa zuwa Islama shine abin da ya sa ɗayan reshe na iyali ya canza sunansu wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wannan iyali ke amfani da sunaye biyu, Lin da Li, tunda sun yi adawa da juyowa ga addinan kasashen waje da aure ga wasu kabilun a cikin yanayi bayan Daular Yuan ta rushe da kuma nuna bambanci mai tsanani (tsarin huɗu) da sarakunan Yuan suka yi wa Kudancin Han na kasar Sin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Hans |date=2001 |title="The Barbarians' Writing is like Worms, and their Speech is like the Screeching of Owls" - Exclusion and Acculturation in the Early Ming Period |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=419 |jstor=43380301}}</ref> Tarihin Lin Nu ya ce ya auri yarinya Semu kuma ya tuba zuwa Islama a wani masallaci a Hormuz a 1384 kafin ya koma China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Hans |date=2001 |title="The Barbarians' Writing is like Worms, and their Speech is like the Screeching of Owls" - Exclusion and Acculturation in the Early Ming Period |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=420 |jstor=43380301}}</ref> Li Guangqi ya ce auren kawunsa Lin Nu ga yarinyar baƙo da juyowa zuwa addininsa ya sa reshen danginsa ya ware zuriyar kawunsa daga asalin saboda suna bin addinin Islama kuma suna canza sunan mahaifiyarsa na danginsa zuwa Li don raba su daga sunan mahaifiyar Lin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Hans |date=2001 |title="The Barbarians' Writing is like Worms, and their Speech is like the Screeching of Owls" - Exclusion and Acculturation in the Early Ming Period |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=422 |jstor=43380301}}</ref> Li Guangqi ya kai farmaki ga addini da al'adun Semu ciki har da Islama da sauran addinan kasashen waje yana cewa ba su dace da al'adar Sinanci / [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]] ba kuma harshensu ya yi kama da kukan kwari kuma rubutun su yayi kama da tsutsotsi. Ya ambaci tsoffin matani na kasar Sin game da barbarians kuma ya ce kawunsa ya "yaudarar" al'adun Semu "baƙon abu da baƙon abu" kuma ya ce ya haɗa wannan hari kan addinan Semu a cikin asalin iyali don tabbatar da cewa babu wanda daga cikin iyali zai sake maimaita abin da kawunansu ya yi ta hanyar auren yarinya baƙo da kuma canza addinin baƙo. Wannan ya wakilci halin xenophobic gabaɗaya Tarihin asalin yana nufin tawaye na Ispah da zalunci da sojojin Semu suka yi.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Hans |date=2001 |title="The Barbarians' Writing is like Worms, and their Speech is like the Screeching of Owls" - Exclusion and Acculturation in the Early Ming Period |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=424–425 |jstor=43380301}}</ref> An murkushe Semu na Farisa a cikin Tawayen Ispah kuma Yuan ya ci nasara kuma Sinawa sun kashe Semu da aka ci nasara. Tsoron wariyar launin fata da fushi da Lin Nu da danginsa Han suka yi game da auren yarinyar Farisa da juyawa zuwa Islama sun samo asali ne daga wannan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kühner |first=Hans |date=2001 |title="The Barbarians' Writing is like Worms, and their Speech is like the Screeching of Owls" - Exclusion and Acculturation in the Early Ming Period |journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |volume=151 |issue=2 |pages=427–428 |jstor=43380301}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * 'Yan Iran a kasar Sin * Liu Chang (Kudancin Han) * Li Shunxian * Wang Zongyan == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5mc0a8niikldkfvxw9xphbp5yhs9c5v 0 141040 828297 820017 2026-05-01T08:15:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma Wanfu''' (Xiao'erjing: مَا وًا فُوْ; 1849-1934), wanda aka fi sani da '''[[Alhaji|Hajji]] Guoyuan''' ({{Lang|zh|果园哈只}}), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.chinabaike.com/article/sort0525/sort0523/2007/20070716141427.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002235440/http://www.chinabaike.com/article/sort0525/sort0523/2007/20070716141427.html |archive-date=2 October 2011 |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> ya kasance Dongxiang [[Liman|Imam]] na ƙauyen Guoyuан ({{Lang|zh|果园村}}) a Hezhou (yanzu Dongxiang Autonomous County a Linxia Hui Autonomoous Prefecture, [[Gansu]]" id="mwHw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gansu">Lardin Gansu). Ya yi karatu a [[Makkah|Makka]] kuma ya kafa kungiyar [[Yihewani]]" id="mwJQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yihewani">Ikhwan (Yihewani 伊赫瓦尼) a 1888, wanda aka fi sani da "Sabon Ƙungiya" (Chinese ''''Xinjiao'' pai'', 新教派 ko Xinxinjiao, 新新教), yana yadawa a Gansu, Ningxia da Qinghai .<ref>{{Cite web |title=回族历史大事记 - 沙梁子 |url=http://www.shaliangzi.com/html/huizu/hmsyj/200810/22-150_3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517084654/http://www.shaliangzi.com/html/huizu/hmsyj/200810/22-150_3.html |archive-date=17 May 2009 |access-date=15 June 2010}}</ref> Shi (tare da ƙungiyar Yihewani) ya yi tsayayya da [[Sufiyya|Sufism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.nacsorg.com/finland2005/papers/suutarinen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714150109/http://www.nacsorg.com/finland2005/papers/suutarinen.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=23 June 2010}}</ref> == Rayuwa == Ma Wanfu ya goyi bayan tawaye na Dungan (1895-1896) a kan Daular Qing, tare da Ma Dahan na Ma Yonglin, amma sojojin Musulmi na kasar Sin [[Mutanen Hui|Hui]] ne suka murkushe tawaye karkashin jagorancin Dong Fuxiang, Ma Anliang, Ma Fuxianga, Ma Fulu na Ma Guoliang. Ma Wanfu ya mika wuya, ya ci amanar ɗan'uwansa shugaban 'yan tawaye na Dongxiang Ma Dahan . A cikin 1915, Ma Anliang da Yang Zengxin sun kama kuma sun yi ƙoƙari su kashe Ma Wanfu, lokacin da Ma Qi ya cece shi yayin da ake tura shi kisa kuma ya kawo shi Xining. == Littattafai == * Hu Fan: ''[http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=993767389&dok_var=d1&dok_ext=pdf&filename=993767389%2525252525252Epdf Musulunci a Shaanxi: Da suka gabata da na yanzu]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''. Rashin jituwa. Bonn 2008 * Ma Kexun Makish: "Zhongguo Yisilanjiao Yihewanyi pai di changdaozhe - Ma Wanfu (Guoyuan) " Mai gabatar da Islama ta kasar Sin - -万福 (果園) [Mahaifiyar kungiyar Ikhwan ta Musulunci ta kasar Sin: Ma Wanfu]. A cikin: ''Yisilanjiao zai Zhongguo'' [Islama a China], ed. Ma'aikatar Ethnology ta Lardin Gansu. Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin chubanshe 1982 (Sinanci) * Ma Zhanbiao: "Yihewani jiaopei yu Ma Wanfu" (Yihewani und Ma Wanfu), A cikin: ''Xibei Huizu yu Yiselanjiao.'' Yinchuan: Ningxia Renmin chubanshe 1994 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110714150109/http://www.nacsorg.com/finland2005/papers/suutarinen.pdf Mikko Suutarinen: Mutanen Dongxiang na Gansu - Ƙabilar, Addini da Ƙasa (Religious Identity) &nbsp;] (PDF format; 320 kB) *   == Dubi kuma == * [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111002235440/http://www.chinabaike.com/article/sort0525/sort0523/2007/20070716141427.html Ma Wanfu] - Sinanci&nbsp; * Haihuwar da Girman Ƙungiyoyi da Menhuans - Turanci&nbsp; * [http://www.chsource.org/Hui.htm Ƙungiyar Yihewani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414121724/http://www.chsource.org/Hui.htm |date=2009-04-14 }} - Turanci&nbsp; * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090517084654/http://www.shaliangzi.com/html/huizu/hmsyj/200810/22-150_3.html Huizu lishi dashiji] - Sinanci&nbsp; * Ikhwani - Turanci&nbsp; * [http://muslimwww.com/Article/lsrw/200601/373.html Zhongguo Yisilanjiao Yihewanyi mahaifin changdaozhe Ma Wanfu] pk8gos70xpc7tujrgbl6geu4mpj2rxb 0 141081 828194 815493 2026-04-30T23:39:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Leslie Cockburn''' / / ˈkoʊbərn / KOH - KOH ; an haife ta '''Leslie Corkill Redlich''' a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1952) 'yar jarida ce ta Amurka mai bincike, kuma mai shirya fina-finai . An watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na bincikenta a [[CBS]], [[NBC]], ''PBS Frontline'', da ''60 Minutes'' . Ta lashe [[Emmy Awards|kyautar Emmy Award]], kyautar The Hillman Prize, kyautar Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award, kyautar Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award, da kuma kyautar George Polk Award . Cockburn shi ne ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat a shekarar 2018 a gundumar [[Virginia]] ta 5 a Majalisar Wakilan Amurka, inda ya sha kaye a hannun ɗan Republican Denver Riggleman . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Cockburn Leslie Corkill Redlich a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1952 a San Mateo, California kuma ta girma a Hillsborough, California . Ita 'yar Jeanne (ɗan Fulcher) ce da Christopher Rudolph Redlich, wani fitaccen ɗan kasuwa a harkar jigilar kaya. Ta girma a cikin dangin mafarauta kuma tana goyon bayan sarrafa bindiga. Leslie ta halarci Makarantar Santa Catalina . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumnae in the Arts: Leslie Cockburn '70 |url=https://www.santacatalina.org/upper-school/our-program/arts/alumnae-in-the-arts |website=Santa Catalina School |access-date=2026-02-22 |archive-date=2018-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180524151908/https://www.santacatalina.org/upper-school/our-program/arts/alumnae-in-the-arts |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga nan ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Yale, inda ta shiga shekara ta biyu da aka shigar da mata 'yan digiri na farko a jami'ar. Ta ci gaba da samun digiri na biyu daga Makarantar Nazarin Gabas da Afirka a Jami'ar Landan . == Sana'a == Cockburn tsohuwar 'yar jarida ce mai bincike a [[NBC]], [[CBS]], da PBS <nowiki><i id="mwRA">Frontline</i></nowiki> . Yayin da take zaune a [[Landan]], ta fara aiki da NBC News . Daga cikin rahotanninta na farko akwai wata hira da shugaban Libya [[Muammar Gaddafi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grove |first=Lloyd |date=July 22, 2017 |title=Leslie Cockburn Is the Only Candidate Who's Dined With Mick Jagger and Saddam's Sons |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/leslie-cockburn-is-the-only-candidate-whos-dined-with-mick-jagger-and-saddams-sons |website=[[The Daily Beast]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1978, Cockburn ta koma [[CBS]] . A lokacin aikinta, ta yi rahoto kan yaƙe-yaƙe shida, ciki har da Yaƙin Contra da Amurka ta jagoranta kan Nicaragua. <ref name=":0" /> === Fina-finan shirin gaskiya === A shekarar 1987, Cockburn ta fara shiryawa da bayar da rahotannin shirye-shiryen fim na PBS <nowiki><i id="mwWQ">Frontline</i></nowiki> tare da haɗin gwiwar mijinta, Andrew Cockburn . Sun ƙirƙiri ''Guns, Drugs, da CIA'' (1987), wani shirin gaskiya da ya yi ikirarin cewa CIA ta taimaka kuma ta ƙarfafa fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi. A shekarar 1990, Cockburn ta shirya kuma ta rubuta "From the Killing Fields" tare da Peter Jennings da Tom Yellin don shirin shirin ABC News ''Peter Jennings Reporting'' . Fim ɗin ya yi zargin cewa Amurka ta goyi bayan Khmer Rouge a ɓoye a lokacin da ta dawo kan mulki a Cambodia a lokacin wani yunkuri na kisan kare dangi wanda ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar miliyoyin mutane a shekarun 1970. A shekarar 1991, ita da mijinta sun shirya shirin PBS ''Frontline'' mai suna ''The War We Left Behind'', wanda ya nuna tasirin Yaƙin Gulf ga fararen hula na Kurdawa da Iraqi. A shekarar 1997, Cockburn ta ɗauki ciki tare da shirya shirin ''The Peacemaker'', wanda [[George Clooney]] da [[Nicole Kidman]] suka fito a ciki, wani fim mai ban sha'awa da ke nuna harin ta'addanci a [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] da makamin nukiliya da aka sace. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jansen |first=Michael |date=June 4, 2018 |title=Leslie Cockburn's brave crusade |url=http://gulftoday.ae/portal/91bf9647-0061-4958-bbc8-2e8fa55f5358.aspx |access-date=June 6, 2018 |website=[[Gulf Today]]}}</ref> A shekarar 1998, Cockburn ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa Ferris na Jarida a Jami'ar Princeton . A shekarar 2000, ta shirya wani rahoto mai suna "Mafi Munin Mafarki na Amurka," wani rahoto mai taken 60 Minutes game da rashin zaman lafiya a Pakistan da ƙungiyoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da ke da alaƙa da [[Taliban]], wani labari da aka amince da shi a matsayin "abin mamaki" wajen karɓar kyautar Jami'ar Alfred I. duPont-Columbia a shekarar 2001. === ''Haɗin gwiwa Mai Haɗari: Labarin Ciki na Alaƙar Sirri Tsakanin Amurka da Isra'ila'' === {{External media|float=right|video1=[https://www.c-span.org/video/?20968-1/dangerous-liaisons ''Booknotes'' interview with Leslie and Andrew Cockburn on ''Dangerous Liaison''.] [[C-SPAN]], September 1, 1991.}} A shekarar 1991, Cockburn da mijinta, Andrew, sun buga littafinsu na farko tare kan dangantakar soja da leƙen asiri tsakanin Amurka da Isra'ila bayan 1948. Wannan littafin ya yi cikakken bayani kan yadda, tsawon shekaru da dama, Isra'ila ta yi wa muradun Amurka hidima ta hanyar ayyukan leƙen asiri a tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma ayyukan ɓoye a Amurka ta Tsakiya da sauran yankuna na duniya na uku inda Amurka ba ta son shiga tsakani kai tsaye. Littafin ya kuma yi cikakken bayani kan ayyukan nukiliya na Isra'ila, ciki har da taimakon Amurka ga shirin samar da bama-bamai da kuma haɗin gwiwar Isra'ila da shirin makaman nukiliya na gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu. ''Kirkus Reviews'' ya ce "ba wani abu ne da aka haɗa bayan Gulf ba, amma bincike ne mai cike da gaskiya, mai ma'ana, na dangantakarmu da ƙawarmu mafi ƙarfi a Gabas ta Tsakiya." <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 1, 1991 |title=Dangerous Liaison by Andrew Cockburn & Leslie Cockburn |url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/andrew-cockburn/dangerous-liaison/ |website=[[Kirkus Reviews]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Chicago Tribune|Jaridar Chicago Tribune]]'' ta ce littafin "ya kamata ya daɗe yana zama alpha da omega na dangantakar da ke tsakanin Amurka da Isra'ila... Cockburns sun gabatar da tarihin dalla-dalla." <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1991-02-01 |title=The secret agent: a simple tale |journal=Choice Reviews Online |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=28–3158 |doi=10.5860/choice.28-3158 |doi-broken-date=July 1, 2025 |issn=0009-4978}}</ref> A Isra'ila, an fi auna martanin. ''Haaretz'' ya yi bitarsa mai kyau a tsawon lokaci, yana kiransa "abin dogaro". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === ''Gidan caca na Amurka'' ===   A shekara ta 2009, Cockburn ta jagoranci kuma ta shirya fim ɗinta na farko (tare da mijinta) don fitar da shi a wasan kwaikwayo, ''American Casino .'' Ya biyo bayan rikicin jinginar gida na ƙasa a Amurka, wanda ya haifar da mafi girman rikicin kuɗi tun bayan [[Great Depression|Babban Mawuyacin Halin]] . Cockburn da mijinta sun fara yin fim a watan Janairun 2008, kuma sun rubuta dabarun kuɗi da ƙididdigewa marasa kyau a Wall Street wanda ya haifar da bala'in, da kuma tasirinsa ga wasu masu gidaje na Baltimore da ke fafutukar ci gaba da kasancewa a kan hanya. Fim ɗin ya fara ne a bikin fina-finai na Tribeca na New York a watan Afrilun 2009. ''Variety'' ta kira shi "wani babban abin fallasa na rikicin jinginar gida na ƙasa [wanda ya dace] lambobi da zane-zanen Wall Street ga mutanen da suka rasa rayukansu sakamakon makircin bankuna da 'yan kasuwa da gangan." <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2009 |title=American Casino Review - Read Variety's Analysis Of The Movie American Casino |url=https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117940114.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430143923/http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117940114.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 |archive-date=2009-04-30 |access-date=June 6, 2018 |website=Variety}}</ref> ''Jaridar New Yorker'' ta ce "wani fim ne mai ban mamaki da ke ba da labarin rikicin jinginar gida na ƙasa da ƙasa da kuma rugujewar kuɗi." ''[[New York Times|Jaridar New York Times]]'' ta ce "fim ne mai tsari sosai." === Lambobin yabo da nadin mukamai === Cockburn ta lashe kyautar The Hillman Prize (1984), <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hillman Prize Previous Honorees |url=http://www.hillmanfoundation.org/hillman-prizes/us/honorees?page=8 |access-date=June 7, 2018 |website=Sidney Hillman Foundation}}</ref> kyautar George Polk Award (2010), <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 16, 2010 |title=Another Polk Award For "60 Minutes" |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/another-polk-award-for-60-minutes/ |access-date=June 7, 2018 |website=CBS News}}</ref> da kuma kyautar Robert F. Kennedy Journalism Award ta 1991, tare da Peter Jennings da Tom Yellin. Ayyukanta sun sami kyaututtuka da yawa [[Emmy Awards|na Emmy]], kuma shirinta na 1998 ''Yuri The Great'' ya lashe kyautar Emmy Award a 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |title=20th Annual News Documentary Emmy Awards For Programming Originally Aired in Calendar Year 1998 -Winners |url=http://emmyonline.com/download/20th-Annual-News-Documentary-Emmy-Awards-For-Programming-Originally-Aired-in-Calendar-Year-1998-Winner_2.pdf |access-date=June 6, 2018 |website=Emmy Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leslie Cockburn |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0168298/awards |access-date=June 7, 2018 |website=IMDb}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa ==   Cockburn ita ce 'yar takarar jam'iyyar Democrat a shekarar 2018 a gundumar majalisa ta 5 ta Virginia a Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka . Ta sanar da takararta a watan Yulin 2017, <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCaslin |first=John |date=July 15, 2017 |title=Rappahannock resident Leslie Cockburn launches bid for U.S... |url=http://rappnews.com/2017/07/15/rappahannock-resident-leslie-cockburn-launches-bid-for-u-s-congress-seat/ |access-date=November 7, 2018 |website=RappNews}}</ref> kuma ta sami rinjayen wakilai fiye da 'yan takara da dama da suka fafata a zaben a watan Mayun 2018 a babban taron jam'iyyar Democrat na gundumar don maye gurbin dan takarar Republican mai barin gado, Tom Garrett . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammel |first=Tyler |date=May 5, 2018 |title=Cockburn receives 5th District Democratic nomination |url=https://www.roanoke.com/news/politics/cockburn-receives-th-district-democratic-nomination/article_f5e08b44-9431-5303-8224-4dc49dc02910.html |website=The Daily Progress |via=Roanoke.com}}</ref> Bayan ta lashe zaɓen jam'iyyarta, ta sha kaye a hannun ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Republican Denver Riggleman a babban zaɓen; Riggleman ta sami ƙuri'u 165,339 (53.2%) yayin da Cockburn ta samu ƙuri'u 145,040 (46.7%). An jefa ƙuri'u 547 (0.2%) a matsayin rubuce-rubuce . <ref>{{Cite web |date=1980-01-01 |title=2018 November General Election |url=https://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2018%20November%20General/Site/Member%20House%20of%20Representatives%20(05).html |access-date=2018-11-07 |website=Government of Virginia |archive-date=2018-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025615/https://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2018%20November%20General/Site/Member%20House%20of%20Representatives%20%2805%29.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Cockburn tana zaune a gundumar Rappahannock, Virginia, tare da mijinta, Andrew Cockburn, ɗan jarida kuma furodusa a fina-finai. Sun yi aure a San Francisco a shekarar 1977 kuma sun rubuta littattafai da dama tare. Suna da 'ya'ya uku tare: Chloe Francis Cockburn (3 ga Afrilu, 1979), Olivia Wilde (10 ga Maris, 1984), da Charles Philip Cockburn (31 ga Janairu, 1993). Tana da jikoki huɗu. Iyayenta su ne Claud da Patricia Cockburn. Cockburn tana da surukai biyu, marigayi Alexander Cockburn da Patrick Cockburn, kuma marubuciyar labarin sirri Sarah Caudwell 'yar uwarta ce. Tao Ruspoli tsohuwar surukinta ce. 'Yan jarida Laura Flanders da Stephanie Flanders 'ya'yan surukinta Michael Flanders ne. == Littattafan tarihi == '''Littattafai''' * [[iarchive:outofcontrolstor00cockrich|''Ba Tare Da Iko Ba: Labarin Yaƙin Sirrin Gwamnatin Reagan a Nicaragua, Bututun Makamai Ba Tare Da Haramta Ba, da Haɗin Magungunan da Aka Haɗa'' .]] New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987. * [[iarchive:dangerousliaison00cock|''Mai Haɗari: Labarin Ciki na Alaƙar Sirri tsakanin Amurka da Isra'ila'']] . tare da Andrew Cockburn . New York: HarperCollins, 1991. . * ''Ɗaya daga cikin Maki Mai Tsaro: Labarin Gaskiya na Tsaron Nukiliya na Rasha'', tare da Andrew Cockburn . New York: Doubleday, 1997. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0385485603|<bdi>0385485603</bdi>]] . * [[iarchive:lookingfortroubl00cock|''Neman Matsala: Mace Ɗaya, Yaƙe-yaƙe Shida da Juyin Juya Hali'' .]] New York: Littattafan Anchor, 1998. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0385483554|<bdi>0385483554.</bdi>]] * [[iarchive:baghdadsolitaire0000cock|''Baghdad Solitaire'']] ( [[Ƙagaggen Labari|littafi]] ). Los Angeles, CA: Asahina & Wallace, 2013. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1940412009|<bdi>978-1940412009</bdi>]] . '''Gudummawar littafi''' * [[iarchive:withyourtonguedo0000kure/page/150|"Yaƙin Sirrin Amurka: Bindigogi don Magunguna."]] [[iarchive:withyourtonguedo0000kure|''Da Harshenka a Makogwarona'' .]] Granta, 22. Cambridge: Granta Publications, Agusta 1987, [[iarchive:withyourtonguedo0000kure/page/150|shafi na 151–165.]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cxt46luwc1riidiblxd5dmmjfbz1pfl 0 141260 828214 797300 2026-05-01T01:42:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lisa Dyson''' ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyyar lissafi ce 'yar Amurka, kuma 'yar kasuwa, wacce ta kafa kuma Shugabar Kamfanin Air Protein, wani kamfanin fasahar abinci da ke 'sake ƙirƙiro yadda ake samar da abinci ta amfani da abubuwan da ke cikin iska'. A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin da Majalisar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya ta amince da su, Air Protein tana da niyyar taimakawa wajen ciyar da mutane biliyan 10 cikin abinci mai gina jiki mai dorewa nan da shekarar 2050. Tarihin Dyson ya haɗa da nasarorin kasuwanci da kimiyya iri-iri, wanda ya haifar da tara sama da dala $100.{{Spaces}}miliyan a cikin kamfanoni biyu da ta kafa tare da John Reed. Tana da digirin PhD a fannin kimiyyar lissafi daga MIT kuma ta gudanar da bincike a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, Lawrence National Laboratory, Jami'ar Stanford, Jami'ar California San Francisco, da Jami'ar Princeton. Bugu da ƙari, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan kula da dabarun a Boston Consulting Group don kamfanonin Fortune 500, tana gano mafita a fannoni na aiki, sarrafa farashi, faɗaɗa kasuwa, da haɗakar bayan haɗewa. A shekarar 2016, ƙwarewarta ta jawo hankalin masu sauraro na duniya yayin da ta ɗauki matakin TED don tattauna yadda fasahar Space Age da aka manta za ta iya canza yadda muke noma abinci, ta kai sama da 1.5.{{Spaces}}mutane miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2016 |title=A forgotten Space Age technology could change how we grow food |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_dyson_a_forgotten_space_age_technology_could_change_how_we_grow_food?subtitle=en}}</ref> Lisa ta sami kyaututtuka da yabo da dama, ciki har da sanya ta a cikin jerin mutane 100 mafi kirkire-kirkire daga Fast Company 2017, ɗaya daga cikin manyan mata 100 da suka kafa Inc Magazine 2019, da kuma wani sabon salo na Bloomberg's New Economy Catalyst na 2024. Daga cikin karramawar da kamfanonin da ta kafa tare suka samu sun haɗa da kyautar shirin masana'antu na DoD Distributed Bioindustrial na 2024, kamfanin 2024 America's #1 FoodTech daga TIME da Statista, da kuma World Economic Forum Technology Pioneer na 2020. Dyson kuma shine wanda ya kafa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Kiverdi, wani kamfanin fasahar kere-kere wanda ke da manufar samar da tattalin arziki mai zagaye da kuma sauya makomar samarwa ta hanyar samar da kayan amfanin yau da kullun (misali, robobi masu lalacewa, hydrocarbons, zare) daga carbon dioxide. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Dyson ta girma a Kudancin California kuma ta kammala digiri a fannin kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi a Jami'ar Brandeis a shekarar 1997. Bayan ta haɗu da wasu farfesoshin kimiyyar lissafi a Brandeis, ta ƙara sha'awar bin diddigin binciken kimiyyar lissafi. Ta kasance ƙwararren malami a Kwalejin Imperial ta Landan a shekarar 1998, inda ta yi karatun ka'idar fannin kwantum kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar lissafi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Harnessing the Power of Waste {{!}} Brandeis Magazine |url=http://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2015/spring/inquiry/dyson.html |access-date=2018-04-30 |website=Brandeis Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Dyson ta sami digirin digirgir na uku a Cibiyar MIT don Ilimin Lissafi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a shekara ta 2004, inda ta yi aiki tare da Leonard Susskind kan nauyin nauyi na quantum, dangantakar gabaɗaya, da ka'idar kirtani . <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=PhD Alumna Lisa Dyson Founder and CEO of Kiverdi {{!}} Office of Graduate Education |url=https://oge.mit.edu/2011/10/dyson-ceo-kiverdi/ |access-date=2020-06-11 |archive-date=2020-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027033922/https://oge.mit.edu/2011/10/dyson-ceo-kiverdi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Susskind da Matthew Kleban kan matsalar kwakwalwa ta Boltzmann, inda ta buga a kan batun a cikin ''Mujallar Kimiyyar Makamashi Mai Girma'' a shekara ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dyson |first=Lisa |last2=Kleban |first2=Matthew |last3=Susskind |first3=Leonard |date=2002 |title=Disturbing Implications of a Cosmological Constant |url=http://stacks.iop.org/1126-6708/2002/i=10/a=011 |journal=Journal of High Energy Physics |language=en |volume=2002 |issue=10 |pages=011 |arxiv=hep-th/0208013 |bibcode=2002JHEP...10..011D |doi=10.1088/1126-6708/2002/10/011 |issn=1126-6708 |s2cid=2344440}}</ref> Ita ce mace bakar fata ta huɗu da ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarfi . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Prescod-Weinstein |first=Chanda |date=2015-05-24 |title=The Five Black Women PhDs of Theoretical High Energy Physics |url=https://medium.com/@chanda/the-five-black-women-phds-of-theoretical-high-energy-physics-7a18ccc18d8a |access-date=2018-04-30 |website=Medium}}</ref> Don takardar digirin digirgir ɗinta, Dyson ta gudanar da wani bincike da ke bayyana yadda za a iya amfani da ka'idar kirtani don yin magana game da dangantakar gabaɗaya da ka'idojin kimiyyar lissafi kamar su kaɗaici, tafiyar lokaci, da kuma haɗin kai na sararin samaniya. Misali, a cikin nazarin tafiyar lokaci, ta bayyana yadda dangantakar gabaɗaya ke ba da damar tafiyar lokaci, amma irin wannan lamari zai gabatar da geometries waɗanda suka karya dalili, wata doka ta zahiri. Duk da haka, ta bayyana cewa akwai yankuna masu keta dalili waɗanda za su ba da damar tafiyar lokaci amma ba za a iya gina su ba saboda tasirin da ke cikin ka'idar kirtani. A takaice, aikin Dyson ya magance alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙa'idodin kimiyyar lissafi na asali da sakamakon ka'idar da ke tasowa daga ka'idar kirtani. == Sana'a == Dyson ya gudanar da bincike a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, Dakin gwaje-gwaje na Ƙasa na Lawrence Berkeley, [[Jami'ar Stanford]], Jami'ar California San Francisco, da Jami'ar Princeton . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">an buƙata ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan harkokin gudanarwa a Boston Consulting Group, inda ta shawarci kamfanoni na ƙasashe da yawa kan dabarun da suka dace don gudanar da kasuwancinsu. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.kiverdi.com/about |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=Kiverdi, Inc. |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a masana'antar sinadarai, makamashi, sufuri, tafiye-tafiye, motoci, marufi, da sadarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Circular - Closing the loop: how a forgotten Space Age technology could change how we grow our food - Mediachange - Casestudyourself! |url=http://mediachange.info/Circular_Economy/space-nasa-technology-change-how-we-grow-food |access-date=2018-04-30 |website=mediachange.info |language=en |archive-date=2018-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093248/http://mediachange.info/Circular_Economy/space-nasa-technology-change-how-we-grow-food |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":8" /> A shekarar 2005, Dyson ta yi aikin sa kai a New Orleans bayan guguwar Katrina, wata irin kwarewa da ta ambata daga baya a matsayin mai tasiri a shawararta ta mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar fasaha don hanyoyin rayuwa masu dorewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lev-Ram |first=Michal |title=Meet Lisa Dyson, who looked to the space program for new ways to create nutritional food |url=https://fortune.com/2023/08/10/lisa-dyson-founders-forum-2023/ |access-date=2026-02-11 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2008, tare da John Reed, ta fara aiki a fannin fasahar yanayi. A shekarar 2011, sun tara jarin iri daga Primera Capital don Kiverdi, wani kamfanin fasahar kere-kere da suka kafa wanda ke amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta don mayar da carbon dioxide da sharar da ke da wadataccen carbon, kamar itace da ragowar noma, zuwa madadin mai, maye gurbin furotin, mai, da kayan da za a iya lalata su don amfani kamar abinci da noma. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Peters |first=Adele |date=2019-11-12 |title=The newest fake meat is made from thin air |url=https://www.fastcompany.com/90428522/the-newest-fake-meat-is-made-from-thin-air |access-date=2020-06-11 |website=Fast Company |language=en-US}}</ref> Fasahar fasaha ce ta sararin samaniya da ta dogara da ra'ayoyin NASA a shekarun 1960 da 1970, don 'yan sama jannati su yi amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta da ake kira hydrogenotrophs don canza carbon dioxide a cikin numfashin da aka fitar zuwa abubuwan gina jiki. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Greathouse |first=John |title=Here's How Lisa Dyson's Startup Is Reducing World Hunger AND Combating Climate Change |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johngreathouse/2020/03/10/heres-how-lisa-dysons-startup-is-reducing-world-hunger-and-combating-climate-change/ |access-date=2020-06-11 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Sun fara haɓaka ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajenta, suna aiki tare da masana'antun don haɓaka fasaharsu. A shekarar 2011 sun sami tallafin farko daga Hukumar Makamashi ta California kuma daga baya sun sami tallafi daga [[Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka]] kuma sun haɗu da masana'antun masana'antu. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Food for thought: How to feed the world with old school NASA tricks – fruitworldmedia |url=https://fruitworldmedia.com/index.php/featured/food-thought-feed-world-old-school-nasa-tricks/ |access-date=2018-04-30 |website=fruitworldmedia.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501093820/https://fruitworldmedia.com/index.php/featured/food-thought-feed-world-old-school-nasa-tricks/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kiverdi yanzu tana da haƙƙoƙi sama da 40 da aka ba ko kuma ana jiran ta. <ref name=":8"/> Dyson da Reed sun ci gaba da ƙirƙirar Air Protein, wanda aka kafa don mai da hankali kan samar da abinci mai ɗorewa. <ref name=":10" /> <ref name=":7" /> Dyson yana aiki a matsayin Shugaba na Air Protein, wanda aka kimanta shi sama da $100.{{Spaces}}miliyan. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustainable food, from thin air |url=https://www.jpmorganchase.com/newsroom/stories/sustainable-food-from-thin-air |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=www.jpmorganchase.com |language=en}}</ref> == Kafofin watsa labarai da kuma bayyanan magana == Ta gabatar da jawabai da dama na TED, ciki har da "Mayar da _CO2 zuwa Mai" a TEDxFulbright a watan Mayu na 2014 <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2014 |title=Turning CO2 into oil: Lisa Dyson at TEDxFulbright |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAy6r7dRjoY |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> da kuma "Fasahar Zamanin Sararin Samaniya da Aka Manta Za Ta Iya Canza Yadda Muke Noma Abinci" a watan Yuli na 2016, wanda aka kalla sau sama da miliyan daya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2016 |title=A forgotten Space Age technology could change how we grow food |url=https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_dyson_a_forgotten_space_age_technology_could_change_how_we_grow_food}}</ref> Ta yi magana game da sake amfani da carbon, kuma ta bayyana a shirin PBS na Nova "Decoding the Weather Machine" a watan Afrilu na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2018 |title=Decoding the Weather Machine |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/decoding-the-weather-machine |website=[[PBS]]}}</ref> == Daraja da kyaututtuka == * Kyautar Man Fetur Mai Dorewa ta 2012 don "Jagora a Masana'antar Sinadarai Masu Bayar da Halittu", Kasuwannin Man Fetur na Duniya <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-03-14 |title=Kiverdi, Inc. Wins Top Honors For Its Innovative Approach to Producing Sustainable Chemicals From Carbon-rich Waste - Bio-based News - |url=http://news.bio-based.eu/kiverdi-inc-wins-top-honors-for-its-innovative-approach-to-producing-sustainable-chemicals-from-carbon-rich-waste/ |access-date=2020-06-11 |website=Bio-based News |language=en}}</ref> * Tallafin dala $750,000 na shekarar 2012 don Bincike, Nunin Kwaikwayo, da Ci gaba saboda "ƙoƙarinsa na haɓaka amfani mai amfani da carbon dioxide" kuma an zaɓe shi ta hanyar bita mai gasa a matsayin mai amfani da masana'antu a Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka, Hukumar Makamashi ta California * 2013 "40 Under 40", ''San Francisco Business Times'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2013 |title=Lisa Dyson:CEO, Kiverdi Inc. |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/print-edition/2013/03/01/lisa-dyson-ceo-kiverdi-inc.html |access-date=2020-06-11 |website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> * Kyautar Kasuwanci ta 2014, Shirin Ilimi da Ƙarfafa Makamashi Mai Tsabta na Amurka (C3E) <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Lisa Dyson: Entrepreneurship Award Winner |url=https://c3eawards.org/lisa-dyson/ |access-date=2018-04-30 |website=c3eawards.org |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2015 "Ɗaya daga cikin Mata Mafi Tasiri a Yankin Bay", ''San Francisco Business Times'' * 2016 "Ɗaya daga cikin Mata Mafi Tasiri a Yankin Bay", ''San Francisco Business Times''{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2020}} * 2017 Ɗaya daga cikin Mutane Mafi Ƙirƙira a Kasuwanci, Kamfanin Sauri * Kyautar Mata a Kimiyyar Halitta ta 2018, "wadda ke girmama wata fitacciyar mace mai kirkire-kirkire a fannin STEM, wacce gudummawarta a kimiyya ta yi tasiri mai kyau ga duniya", Kwalejin Kimiyyar Halitta a Jami'ar Drexel <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Academy of Natural Science at Drexel University |date=2018-04-02 |title=WINS Marks 35 Years of Making a Difference |url=https://ansp.org/about/press-room/releases/2018/April/wins-35/ |access-date=2020-06-11 |website=ansp.org |language=en}}</ref> * Mujallar Mata 100 da Suka Kafa, ''Inc.'' ta 2019 <ref name="k025">{{Cite web |date=1970-01-01 |title=Lisa Dyson is on Inc.'s 2019 Female Founders 100 list |url=https://www.inc.com/profile/lisa-dyson |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Inc.com}}</ref> * Jarumin Tunani na Mata na Shekarar 2021, Kyautar Stevie ga Mata a Kasuwanci <ref name="t748">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-17 |title=Female Thought Leader of the Year |url=https://stevieawards.com/women/air-protein-female-thought-leader-year-consumer-products |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Stevie Awards}}</ref> * Mace Mafi Kirkirar Shekara ta 2021 - Fasaha, Kyaututtukan Stevie ga Mata a Kasuwanci <ref name="q356">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-17 |title=Most Innovative Woman of the Year |url=https://stevieawards.com/women/air-protein-most-innovative-woman-year-technology |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Stevie Awards}}</ref> * Mata Masu Tasiri a Kasuwancin Yankin Bay na 2022, ''San Francisco Business Times'' <ref name="t742">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-07 |title=Influential Women 2022: Lisa Dyson of Air Protein |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2022/10/07/lisa-dyson-air-protein.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=San Francisco Business Times}}</ref> * 2023 Power 100, ''San Francisco Business Times'' <ref name="w952">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-23 |title=San Francisco Bay Area Power 100: The business people you need to know |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2023/02/03/introducing-the-san-francisco-bay-area-power-100.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=San Francisco Business Times}}</ref> * 2023 Lewis Latimer Fellow, The Edison Awards <ref name="e674">{{Cite web |date=2023-04-13 |title=Edison Awards Announces 2023 Lewis Latimer Fellows |url=https://edisonawards.com/edison-awards-announces-2023-lewis-latimer-fellows/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Edison Awards}}</ref> * Littafin Girmamawa Mai Tasiri Har Abada, ''San Francisco Business Times'' <ref name="f414">{{Cite web |title=Lisa Dyson |url=https://c3e.org/lisa-dyson#:~:text=Among%20recent%20accolades%2C%20Fast%20Company,Bay%20Area%E2%80%9D%20for%20two%20years. |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=The Clean Energy Education & Empowerment (C3E) Initiative}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Patent: Tsarin injiniyan kitse mai kitse na masana'antu don gyara kitse mai. Haƙƙin mallakar Amurka US20130089899A1. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130089899A1/en * Patent: Injin Injiniyan _CO2 - Gyara Ƙananan Kwayoyin Halitta Masu Samar da Kayayyakin da Suka Tushen Carbon da Hanyoyin Amfani da Su. Amurka ta mallaka US20150017694A1. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150017694A1/en https://t.me/@lisadyson_com == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o0101tzglz7tcx84cwok0crji7fv82p 0 141379 828082 797705 2026-04-30T18:33:52Z BnHamid 12586 828082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Harin bam na masallacin Rajshahi na 2015 wani Harin kashe kansa ne wanda ya faru a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2015 a lokacin Addu'ar Jumma'a a masallacin Ahmadi Muslim a kauyen Mochmoli, a Bagmara Upazila, a Gundumar Rajshahi, [[Bangladesh]] . An kashe mutum daya kuma akalla tsakanin mutane uku zuwa goma sun ji rauni a harin. Mutumin da ya mutu shi ne wanda ya kai harin. Kimanin masu bautar Musulmi Ahmadi 70 sun kasance a cikin masallacin yayin addu'o'in ikilisiya na Jumma'a. Rahotanni na shaidu sun nuna cewa mai fashewa da bam ya fara shiga masallacin kuma ya yi addu'o'insa daban, a ƙarshen bayan zauren addu'a. Bayan haka, ya ci gaba kusa da sauran masu bautar da ke masallacin kuma ya sanya hannunsa a cikin aljihunsa, bayan haka bam din ya fashe. Har yanzu ba a san ainihin abin da ya sa ya aikata ba.<ref name="NYTimes" /> == Hakki == Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant ta dauki alhakin harin. Koyaya, mazauna yankin sun bayyana a baya cewa membobin [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]-inspired ''Ahl al-Hadith Andolon Bangladesh'', wanda ke gudanar da masallacin makwabta, na iya zama alhakin harin. A gefe guda, 'yan sanda na cikin gida sun zargi Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB) da karuwar tashin hankali kwanan nan, gami da harin da aka kai masallacin Ahmadiyya.<ref name="Arabiya" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} o5wysp8l20dqjfwb9z6pygwkcq8vrrm 0 141543 828239 798443 2026-05-01T06:04:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Lynda Marie Jordan''' (an haife ta a ranar 20 ga Satumba, 1956) ƙwararriyar masaniyar sinadarai ce ta Amurka, minista da aka naɗa, kuma Shugaba & wanda ya kafa A Place to Heal Ministries, Inc. (APTHM). Ita ce mace baƙar fata ta uku da ta sami digirin digirgir daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), kuma ƙwararriyar Ford Fellow ce a Cibiyar Pasteur da ke Paris, ƙwararriyar farfesa a fannin sinadarai a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina A&amp;amp;T, kuma mace ta farko da aka gayyata zuwa shirin Farfesa na Ziyarar MLK a MIT. Jordan ita ce kuma mutum ta farko a [[Jami'ar Harvard]] da ta kammala digirin digirgir a fannin Lafiyar Jama'a da kuma digirin digirgir a lokaci guda. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Jordan a Asibitin Boston City, Roxbury, Boston a shekarar 1956 ga Charles Thessel Jordan, mai yanka nama, da Charlene Veasley Jordan, mai gyaran gida {{R|aawchemists}} . Jordan ita ce babbar 'ya'ya mata uku na ma'auratan, kuma lokacin da iyayenta suka sake, Jordan ta taimaka wa mahaifiyarta da kuɗi, kula da yara da sauran nauyin manya a cikin gidan duk da ƙaramar shekarunta. {{R|settingthestandard}} {{R|aawchemists}} Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Aikin Gidaje na Bromley-Heath, inda, kamar Jordans, kashi 85% na gidaje suka dogara da jin daɗin rayuwa don su rayu. {{R|aawchemists}} Lokacin da Jordan ke da shekaru 11, mahaifiyarta ta sake yin aure, Jordan, 'yan'uwanta mata da mahaifiyarta suka koma Dorchester {{R|aawchemists}} tare da sabon uban gidansu da 'ya'yansa 12. {{R|settingthestandard}} Jordan ta "ɓace a cikin rudani" ta fara fita kan tituna. {{R|docpreview}} A wannan lokacin, yayin da take guje wa wata malamar makarantar sakandare ta Dorchester wacce ta kama ta tana shan taba a ɗakin ajiye kayan motsa jiki, {{R|aawchemists}} Jordan ta ɓoye a gaban masu sauraron gabatarwar Upward Bound da aka gayyata kawai a ɗakin taron makarantar. Ta bayyana jin muryar mai magana, Joseph Warren, yana tambayar ƙungiyar da ta taru "Me za ku yi da rayuwarku - ku zauna a kusurwar titi?" Jordan ta yi mamakin cewa da alama ya san halin da take ciki. Ta kusanci mai magana, ta nuna sha'awar shirin, ta nemi aiki, kuma aka karɓe ta. {{R|settingthestandard}} {{R|aawchemists}} A tsakiyar lokacin bazara ta farko a Upward Bound, wanda ya biyo bayan shekararta ta biyu kuma aka ba ta masaukin baki a Jami'ar Brandeis, an amince da Jordan a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mahalarta shida mafi kyau a cikin 100. Ta tuna da wannan karramawa a matsayin muhimmin lokaci lokacin da ta fahimci damarta ta ilimi, kuma ta koma Upward Bound a cikin bazara biyu masu zuwa. {{R|settingthestandard}} A lokacin bazara ta biyu a can, Jordan ta kammala manhajar kimiyya kafin ta kammala shirin, kuma Warren ta ɗauki hayar wani malami mai zaman kansa don ya koyar da ita ilimin sinadarai na halitta. {{R|aawchemists}} Jordan ta kammala karatun sakandare a shekarar 1974. Bayan Warren, ɗalibi na farko da ya fara karatun digiri, Jordan ta shiga Jami'ar Jihar Noma da Fasaha ta North Carolina a matsayin babbar jami'ar jinya amma ta koma fannin sinadarai. Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar girmamawa ta Beta Kappa Chi kuma memba ce a ƙungiyar Delta Sigma Theta . Bayan halartar shirin bazara na Harvard Health Careers, Jordan ta ƙara sha'awar ilimin sinadarai. Ta kammala karatun digiri a North Carolina A&T a shekarar 1978 tare da digiri na farko a fannin sinadarai, ta zama mutum na farko a cikin iyalinta da ta kammala karatun jami'a. Jordan ta ci gaba da zuwa Jami'ar Atlanta (AU) inda ta gudanar da bincike a Makarantar Magunguna ta Morehouse kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar sinadarai a watan Disamba na 1980. {{R|mlkscholars}} A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin digiri na biyu a AU, Jordan ta saba yin Jarrabawar Digiri na biyu, ta yi aiki mai kyau sosai, kuma MIT ta ɗauke ta aiki don kammala digiri na uku a [[Biochemistry|fannin ilmin sinadarai na halittu]] . {{R|aawchemists}} Kafin fara shirinta na MIT, Jordan ta yi aikin wucin gadi a Polaroid Corporation a lokacin bazara na 1981, inda ta fara digirin digirgir a kaka. {{R|aawchemists}} A lokacin, shirin digirin digirgir ya kunshi maza ne kawai, kuma kashi 3% ne kawai na ɗaliban Baƙar fata. Jordan ta jagoranci ƙungiyar ɗaliban digiri na Baƙar fata a lokacin tana MIT, kuma a shekarar 1985 ta zama mace baƙar fata ta uku da ta taɓa samun digirin digirgir daga MIT. {{R|encyclopedia}} {{R|chemistrypioneers}} {{R|aawchemists}} == Aiki da bincike == Jordan ta kammala bincikenta na digiri na biyu a matsayin Ford Fellow a Cibiyar Pasteur da ke Paris, {{R|settingthestandard}} ta kuma sami tallafin karatu daga Cibiyar Nazarin Lafiya da Lafiya ta Faransa da Chateaubriand. Ta yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Françoise Russo-Marie, wacce ta yi nazarin lipocortin, mai hana furotin enzyme na phospholipase A2 (PLA-2), a cikin hanyoyin da ba na ɗan adam ba. Jordan ta yi nasarar ware PLA-2 daga mahaifar ɗan adam, tana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da manufofin bincike na ware da magance matsalolin cututtukan PLA-2 kamar asma, amosanin gabbai da nakuda kafin lokacin haihuwa. {{R|settingthestandard}} {{R|aawchemists}} Jordan ta koma North Carolina A&T a shekarar 1987 a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin sinadarai. Ta fara inganta da haɓaka dakin gwaje-gwajen sinadarai a can; {{R|settingthestandard}} {{R|aawchemists}} ta ci gaba da aikinta da PLA-2; ta gabatar da bincikenta tare da ɗalibanta a taruka daban-daban a Amurka, Switzerland, Japan da Ostiraliya; kuma ta sami yabo daga ƙasa da ƙasa saboda koyarwa da goyon bayanta ga ƙungiyoyin da ba su da wakilci sosai. {{R|mediuminterview}} A shekarar 1997, Jordan ita ce mace ta farko da aka gayyata zuwa shirin farfesa mai ziyara na MLK a MIT, {{R|homeagain}} kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin har zuwa 2000. {{R|harvardphotoarchive}} Ta kammala digiri na biyu na Divinity daga Makarantar Divinity ta Harvard da kuma digiri na biyu na Lafiyar Jama'a daga Makarantar Lafiyar Jama'a ta Harvard a lokaci guda, inda ta zama mutum na farko a tarihin Jami'ar Harvard da ta yi hakan. Ta zama mataimakiyar minista a Cocin Holy Temple da ke Roxbury, MA da kuma Shugaba kuma Kafa A Place to Heal Ministries a Cambridge, wanda ta kafa a 2010. {{R|mlkscholars}} == Kyaututtuka da wallafe-wallafe == A shekarar 1995, Nova da WGBH-TV sun shirya wani shirin gaskiya mai suna ''Discovering Women'', wanda aka watsa a watan Maris da Afrilu {{R|docpreview}} {{R|rolemodelstory}} kuma ya ƙunshi wani shiri na awa ɗaya a kan Jordan. Mai taken "Jewels in a Test Tube," ya biyo bayan tarihin rayuwar Jordan da nasarorin kimiyya. Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa [[Hillary Clinton]] ta karrama Jordan a lokacin fara shirin gaskiya, wadda ta ambaci "gudummawar Jordan ga ilimin kimiyya da kimiyya." {{R|mlkscholars}} Jordan ta sami kyautar jagoranci ta Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. a lokacin bikin MLK karo na 24 a MIT a shekarar 1998, kuma a shekarar 2000 ta halarci taron tunawa da zaman lafiya na duniya a Hong Kong. {{R|mlkscholars}} A shekarar 2017, Jordan ta buga wani littafi ''mai suna Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: Building Bridges of Hope through the Holy Spirit'', wanda Redemption Press ta buga, . == Manazarta == <ref name=encyclopedia>{{cite web |last1=Neal |first1=Sharon L. |title=Black Women, Chemistry Pioneers |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i14/Black-Women-Chemistry-Pioneers.html |website=Chemical & Engineering News |access-date=7 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210207224925/https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i14/Black-Women-Chemistry-Pioneers.html |archive-date=7 February 2021 |date=2 April 2012}}</ref> <ref name=chemistrypioneers>{{cite web |title=Black Women, Chemistry Pioneers |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i14/Black-Women-Chemistry-Pioneers.html |website=Chemical & Engineering News |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=mediuminterview>{{cite web |last1=Giese |first1=Jo |title=I grew up in Boston in the projects, the Jamaica Plain Projects. |url=https://medium.com/a-womans-path/i-grew-up-in-boston-in-the-projects-the-jamaica-plain-projects-63c20e0a227c |website=Medium |language=en |date=21 October 2016}}</ref> <ref name=harvardphotoarchive>{{cite web |title=Doctor Lynda Marie Jordan {{!}} The Harvard Foundation |url=https://harvardfoundation.fas.harvard.edu/media-gallery/detail/142286/171981 |website=harvardfoundation.fas.harvard.edu }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=mlkscholars>{{cite web |title=Lynda M. Jordan |url=https://mlkscholars.mit.edu/scholars/lynda-m-jordan |website=MLK Visiting Professors & Scholars Program |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210208015000/https://mlkscholars.mit.edu/scholars/lynda-m-jordan |archive-date=8 February 2021}}</ref> <ref name=docpreview>{{cite web |last1=Ball |first1=Charles H. |title=Faculty member, alumna among WGBH's 'Discovering Women' |url=https://news.mit.edu/1995/wgbh-0322 |website=MIT News |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210208020408/https://news.mit.edu/1995/wgbh-0322 |archive-date=8 February 2021 |date=22 March 1995}}</ref> <ref name=homeagain>{{cite web |title=Sabbatical takes A&T professor home again to MIT |url=https://greensboro.com/sabbatical-takes-a-t-professor-home-again-to-mit/article_dcf02b1e-fd27-5179-a84e-8fa5b0b845b3.html |website=Greensboro News & Record |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210208022117/https://greensboro.com/sabbatical-takes-a-t-professor-home-again-to-mit/article_dcf02b1e-fd27-5179-a84e-8fa5b0b845b3.html |archive-date=8 February 2021 |date=2 September 1997}}</ref> <ref name=settingthestandard>{{cite web |last1=Pressley |first1=Leigh |title=Setting the standard |url=https://greensboro.com/setting-the-standard/article_64fddcec-bb8a-5b26-9a60-4442e6105177.html |website=Greensboro News & Record |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210208023603/https://greensboro.com/setting-the-standard/article_64fddcec-bb8a-5b26-9a60-4442e6105177.html |archive-date=8 February 2021 |date=26 March 1995}}</ref> <ref name=rolemodelstory>{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=Bonnie |title=PBS to air role model's story |url=https://greensboro.com/pbs-to-air-role-models-story/article_79bf5cf0-5481-5584-aad0-28d749de36bc.html |website=Greensboro News & Record |access-date=8 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210208025804/https://greensboro.com/pbs-to-air-role-models-story/article_79bf5cf0-5481-5584-aad0-28d749de36bc.html |archive-date=8 February 2021 |date=3 September 1994}}</ref> <ref name=aawchemists>{{cite book |last1=Brown |first1=Jeannette |title=African American Women Chemistws |date=2012 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=USA |isbn=978-0199742882 |pages=84–91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wP5Nm-XbEaEC&dq=Lynda%20Marie%20Jordan&pg=PA84 |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8vkq0i56c0h488cgmk63nfxi0rtxagj 0 141695 828211 806032 2026-05-01T01:14:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Linda Marinda Heywood''' (an haife ta a Tunapuna, [[Trinidad da Tobago]] a shekarar 1945) ƙwararriyar masaniyar tarihi ce 'yar asalin ƙasar Caribbean-Amurka kuma [[Farfesa|farfesa ce]] a [[Nazarin baƙar fata|fannin nazarin Afirka]] da [[Tarihin Afirka da Amurka|tarihi]] a Jami'ar Boston . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Heywood {{!}} African American Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/afam/faculty/linda-heywood/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |website=Boston University}}</ref> Kafin ta zo Jami'ar Boston a shekarar 2003, Heywood ta koyar a [[Jami'ar Howard]] (1984-2003). Heywood ƙwararriya ce a tarihin Afirka, tana da sha'awar Angola. Rubutunta na ƙarshe, wanda aka buga a matsayin Contested Power a Angola, ya yi magana game da sauyin da masarautun Tsakiyar Tsauni (Viye, Mbailundu, Wambo da sauransu) suka yi daga 'yancin kai zuwa mulkin mallaka, kuma ya haɗa da gwagwarmayar 'yanci da yaƙin basasar Angola daga shekarun 1840 zuwa 1990. A lokacin da take Howard, Heywood tana koyarwa akai-akai a cikin ajin da ake buƙata na Baƙar fata 'Yan Asalin Afirka kuma ta shiga cikin bincike kan 'Yan Asalin Afirka, wanda ya haifar da buga littafinta da aka gyara na 'Yan Asalin Afirka ta Tsakiya da Canjin Al'adu, da kuma littafin 'Yan Asalin Afirka, Atlantic Creoles da Foundation of the Americas. Sha'awar da ta daɗe tana yi wa rayuwar Sarauniya Njinga ta Angola, ta haifar da buga littafin Njinga ta Angola a shekarar 2017. Heywood tana da digirin BA daga Kwalejin Brooklyn da kuma digirin PhD daga Jami'ar Columbia . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Linda M. Heywood |url=https://www.americanevolution2019.com/about/volunteer-leadership/dr-linda-m-heywood/ |access-date=5 July 2021 |website=AmericanEvolution2019.com |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184356/https://www.americanevolution2019.com/about/volunteer-leadership/dr-linda-m-heywood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 2008, ta raba kyautar Herskovits saboda littafinta (wanda aka rubuta tare da mijinta John Thornton ) ''[[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|<nowiki/>'Yan Afirka ta Tsakiya]], 'Yan Kudancin Atlantic, da kuma Gidauniyar Amurka, 1585-1660'' . An zaɓe ta zuwa Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Amurka a 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2025 |title=Linda M. Heywood |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/linda-m-heywood}}</ref> == Littattafai da aka zaɓa == * ''An fafata a mulki a Angola, daga shekarun 1840 zuwa yanzu'' . Jami'ar Rochester Press, Rochester, 2000. * ''<nowiki/>'Yan Afirka ta Tsakiya da Sauye-sauyen Al'adu a Ƙasar Waje ta Amurka'' . Cambridge University Press, 2001. ( [[Editing|edita]] kuma mai ba da gudummawa) * ''Afirka ta Tsakiya, 'Yan Asalin Atlantic, da Gidauniyar Amurka 1585-1660'' . Cambridge University Press, 2007. (tare da John Thornton) * ''Njinga na Angola: Jaruma Sarauniyar Afirka'' . Jami'ar Harvard Press, 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Njinga of Angola — Linda M. Heywood - Harvard University Press |url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674971820 |access-date=18 July 2018 |website=Hup.harvard.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=African Queen |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2011-07-12/african-queen |access-date=18 July 2018 |website=PRI.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Heywood, "Njinga of Angola: Africa's Warrior Queen" (Harvard University Press, 2017) - |url=https://newbooksnetwork.com/linda-heywood-njinga-of-angola-africas-warrior-queen-harvard-university-press-2017/ |access-date=18 July 2018 |website=Newbooksnetwork.com}}</ref> [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0674971820|<bdi>978-0674971820</bdi>]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] diimnflkq9arjzrpnzgodvk8uibpfj5 0 141794 828191 811715 2026-04-30T23:00:44Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Leon Bankoff''' (13 ga Disamba, 1908 - 16 ga Fabrairu, 1997), an haife shi a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]], New York, ya kasance likitan hakora na Amurka. A matsayinsa na masanin lissafi ya gina da'irar Bankoff. Ya kuma kasance Esperantist. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:Bankoff_Circle.svg|thumb|Ƙungiyar Bankoff]] Bayan ziyarar da ya kai Kwalejin Birnin New York, Bankoff ya yi karatun likitan hakora a Jami'ar New York. Daga baya, ya koma [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], inda ya koyar a Jami'ar Kudancin California; yayin da yake can, ya kammala karatunsa. Ya yi aiki sama da shekaru 60 a matsayin likitan hakora a Beverly Hills. Yawancin marasa lafiyarsa sun kasance sanannun mutane.<ref name="Calagary">{{Cite web |title=Mathematics Archive - Leon Bankoff |url=https://www.ucalgary.ca/lib-old/SpecColl/bankoff.htm |access-date=2008-06-08 |publisher=University of Calgary Library}}</ref> Tare da sha'awar Bankoff a fannin ilimin hakora sune [[Piano]] da [[Jita|guitar]]. Ya kasance mai iya magana da [[Esperanto]], ya kirkiro zane-zane, kuma yana da sha'awar ci gaban fasahar kwamfuta. Fiye da duka, ya kasance kwararre a duniyar lissafi kuma ana girmama shi sosai a matsayin gwani a fagen lissafi mai laushi. Tun daga shekarun 1940, ya ba da lacca kuma ya buga labarai da yawa a matsayin marubuci. Bankoff ya haɗu da [[Paul Erdős]] a cikin takarda na lissafi sabili da haka yana da lambar Erdős 1.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bankoff |first=Leon |last2=Erdős |first2=Paul |last3=Klamkin |first3=Murray S. |year=1973 |title=The asymmetric propeller |journal=Mathematics Magazine |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=270–272 |doi=10.2307/2688264 |jstor=2688264 |mr=0328757}}.</ref> Daga 1968 zuwa 1981, Bankoff ya kasance editan Sashen Matsala na Jaridu na Pi Mu Epsilon, inda yake da alhakin buga wasu matsaloli 300 a fannin lissafin jirgin sama, musamman Morley's trisector theorem, da arbelos na [[Arkimidus|Archimedes]]. <ref name="Calagary"/> Daga cikin abubuwan da ya gano tare da arbelos shine da'irar Bankoff, wanda yayi daidai da yankin da'irorin tagwaye na Archimedes.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chuang, Vp |last2=Mena, Ce |last3=Hoskins, Pa |date=Apr 1974 |title=Congenital anomalies of the left renal vein: angiographic consideration |url=http://bjr.birjournals.org/content/47/556/214 |format=Free full text |journal=The British Journal of Radiology |volume=47 |issue=556 |pages=214–218 |doi=10.1259/0007-1285-47-556-214 |issn=0007-1285 |pmid=4824553 |quote=Mathematics Magazine }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Littattafai == * ''Ta yaya Pappus ya Yi Shi?'' The Mathematical Gardner, David A. Klarner ed. (Hotuna a shafi na gaba.) * The Metamorphosis of the Butterfly Theorem, Mujallar Lissafi, Ƙungiyar Lissafi ta Amurka, Oktoba 1987. * "The Asymmetric Propeller," (tare da Paul Erdős da Murray S. Klamkin) Mujallar Lissafi, 46 (1973), 270-272. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1997]] an08ju1e3zgef89o33lpmj2ndyu87k6 0 142104 828150 800655 2026-04-30T20:19:12Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828150 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Lalla Aicha (Larabci: للا عائشة) (wadda aka sani da Aichouche) (Larabci: عيشوش) ta kasance mai mulkin Touggourt a lokacin ƙaramin ɗanta Abd ar-Rahman daga 1833–1846.[1][2] Ta fito daga dangin Ben-Gana,[3] wanda Faransawa suka ba ta laƙabi 'cheikh el-Arab'. == Rayuwa == Wasu kafofin sun ce ta auri Amer, [[Sultan na Tuggurt|Sultan na Touggourt]] (1822-1830), <ref>{{Cite web |title=سلاطيــــــــــــــن تقرت "فرنسي" (citing Magali-Boisnard, ''Sultans de Touggourt'' Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1933 |url=http://www.touggourt.org/obp2ofid.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302051657/http://www.touggourt.org/obp2ofid.html |archive-date=2 March 2020 |access-date=29 February 2020 |website=touggourt.org |publisher=جوهــــــرة الواحات تقــــرت}}</ref> yayin da wasu suka ce ita matar Ibrahim III ce, [[Sultan na Tuggurt|Sultan na Touggourt]] (r. 1830-1831). Lalla Aicha ita ce mahaifiyar Sultan Abd ar-Rahman (r. 1840-1852). Mijin Aicha Sultan Ibrahim ɗan'uwansa Ali ne ya kashe shi, wanda ya kwace iko a 1831. [1] Sakamakon haka, Aicha da wata kungiya ta ma'aikatan kotu sun yi tawaye da surukinta Sultan Ali (mahaifinulayman) kuma sun ci gaba da iko ta hanyar kashe wasu masu fafatawa, gami da jaririn Sulayman.[2] Aicha ta umarci Ali ya yi masa guba wanda ya faru, kafin ya karbi mulki a cikin sunan ɗanta Abd er-Rahman, wanda ke da shekaru takwas. Da yake ɗaukar taken ''Khalifa'' (mataimakin sarki) ta ɗauki shugabancin gwamnati, tana gudanar da harkokin jihar tare da babban iko. Rahotanni sun ce ta hau doki, tana sanye da bindigogi a belinta har ma da shan sigari ''tekrouri'' (hemp). Ta mallaki jihar da kanta har sai ɗanta ya isa ya hau mulki.<ref name="Jawhara">{{Cite web |title=تاريخ دولة بني جلاب فرنسي |url=http://www.touggourt.org/4mh7iyvh.html |access-date=27 February 2020 |website=touggourt.org |publisher=جوهــــــرة الواحات تقــــرت |archive-date=2 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302050933/http://www.touggourt.org/4mh7iyvh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cewar wani asusun 1854 na Sulayman IV, na karshe na sarakunan Beni Djellab, lokacin mulkin Lalla Aicha ya kasance mai tsananin tashin hankali a cikin dangin mai mulki, kodayake wannan ba sabon abu ba ne. == Manazarta == 61qj0xuem6fp1odqbfell30w9q78wcy 0 142344 828218 801186 2026-05-01T02:15:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Ortega-Toro''' (an haife ''ta'' a ranar '''26''' ga Agusta, 1977) 'yar siyasa ce kuma babbar jami'ar kwadago ta Amurka wacce take memba a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California daga gundumar 20 tun daga 2022. 'Yar jam'iyyar Democrat, gundumar ta ta haɗa da kudancin Gabashin Gabashin Yankin San Francisco . An haife ta a [[Guadalalajara|Guadalajara, Mexico]], Ortega ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka tana da shekaru uku kuma ta girma a Oakland . Tana da digirin farko a fannin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Phoenix . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Maplight, LWVCEF and cavotes.org |title=Liz Ortega |url=http://votersedge.org/en/ca/ballot/election/2022-11-08/california-state-assembly-district-20/liz-ortega?&candidate_id=157420 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Voter's Edge California Voter Guide |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan siyasa na jihar baki ɗaya na AFSCME Local 3299 kafin ta zama Latina ta farko da aka zaɓa don yin aiki a matsayin babban sakatare-ma'ajin Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Alameda, majalisar ƙwadago ta tsakiya wacce ke wakiltar dukkan ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago a gundumar Alameda . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.ortegaforassembly.com/about |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Liz Ortega for Assembly |language=en-US}}</ref> An fara zaɓen Ortega a Majalisar Dokoki a shekarar 2022, inda ta kayar da ɗan Majalisar Birnin Dublin Shawn Kumagai. <ref name="Alameda County Election Results">{{Cite web |title=Alameda County Election Results |url=https://www.acgov.org/rovresults/248/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.acgov.org}}</ref> Ta hau kan mulki a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 2022. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Ortega a Mexico a ranar 26 ga Agusta, 1977. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liz Ortega for Assembly |url=https://twitter.com/lizforassembly/status/1563187312757919747 |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-18 |title=Democratic faction rivalry defines Assembly District 20 race |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/10/18/democratic-faction-rivalry-defines-assembly-district-20-race |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> Iyalinta sun fito ne daga yankin [[Guadalalajara|Guadalajara]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Liz Ortega Toro |url=https://www.unionistpodcast.com/liz-ortega-toro/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Unionist |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ortega ta yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka tana da shekaru uku tare da mahaifiyarta da ɗan'uwanta; mahaifinta ya riga ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka. Sun ketare iyaka a [[San Diego]] suka ƙaura zuwa unguwar Fruitvale da ke Oakland, inda aka rene Ortega kuma ta halarci makarantar gwamnati. <ref name=":2" /> Ortega ta halarci Jami'ar Phoenix a harabarta a Oakland. Ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a fannin shari'a a shekarar 2009. <ref name=":0"/> == Aikin ma'aikata == Ortega ta fara aikinta na aiki a matsayin mai karɓar baƙi a SEIU a shekara ta 2001. Daga baya ta zama mai ba da horo kan ilimi a SEIU kuma daga ƙarshe aka ɗaukaka ta zuwa mataimakiyar darakta a Gidajen Ilimi da Kula da Marasa Lafiya. [1] A shekara ta 2011, ta zama darektan siyasa na Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Alameda, wata majalisar ma'aikata mai alaƙa da AFL-CIO wadda ke wakiltar dukkan ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata a Gundumar Alameda, daga 2011 zuwa 2013. [2] A shekarar 2013, Ortega ta shiga AFSCME Local 3299 a matsayin daraktar siyasa ta jihar. A matsayinta na daraktar siyasa ta jihar, tana zaune a Sacramento kuma ta yi kira ga Majalisar Dokokin Jihar California da ta amince da dokar da ta yi nasara don kare muhimman ayyukan hidima a dukkan harabar Jami'ar California . <ref name="Liz Ortega-Toro">{{Cite web |title=Liz Ortega-Toro |url=https://womenspoliticalcommittee.org/portfolio-item/liz-ortega-toro/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=Women's Political Committee |language=en-US}}</ref> Ortega ta koma Majalisar Ma'aikata ta Alameda a shekarar 2017 a matsayin Sakatare-Janar na Babban Ma'ajiyarta. Ita ce Latina ta farko da ta yi aiki a wannan matsayin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valle |first=Richard |date=November 30, 2022 |title=Elizabeth Ortega-Toro |url=https://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_09_28_21/PROCLAMATIONS_COMMENDATIONS/Supervisor%20Valle_318762.pdf |access-date=November 30, 2022 |website=Alameda County Board of Supervisors}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 5381mr39nfw3ngks5kmth3zkywgz8sm 0 142352 828213 801205 2026-05-01T01:25:01Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Linda Teresa Sánchez''' (an haife ta a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1969) 'yar siyasa ce 'yar Amurka kuma tsohuwar lauyar kwadago, wacce ke aiki a matsayin wakiliyar Amurka a California's 38th congressional district tun daga 2013. Ta kasance memba a Jam'iyyar Democrat, an fara zabenta a Majalisar Dokoki a 2002 a California's 39th congressional district . Sánchez tana aiki a Kwamitin Hanyoyi da Manufofi ; ita ce babbar mamba a Kwamitin Da'a na Majalisar Wakilai har zuwa 2017. A Majalisa ta 114, ta jagoranci Majalisar Hispanic ta Majalisa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Members |url=https://congressionalhispaniccaucus-lujangrisham.house.gov/members |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180515183838/https://congressionalhispaniccaucus-lujangrisham.house.gov/members |archive-date=May 15, 2018 |access-date=15 May 2018 |publisher=Congressional Hispanic Caucus}}</ref> A shekarar 2016, abokan aikin Sánchez sun zaɓi mataimakiyar shugabar ƙungiyar Democrat ta Majalisar Wakilai a babban taron Majalisar Wakilai na 115, wanda shi ne matsayi na biyar a shugabancin 'yan Democrat na Majalisar Wakilai, don haka ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugaba a tarihin Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2016 |title=Rep. Linda Sanchez Makes History in House Leadership Election |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/rep-linda-sanchez-makes-history-house-leadership-election-n690301 |website=NBC News}}</ref> Ita ce ƙanwar tsohuwar 'yar Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka Loretta Sanchez ; zuwa yanzu, su kaɗai ne 'yan'uwa mata biyu da suka yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai. == Rayuwar farko, ilimi da aiki == An haifi Sánchez a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 1969, a Orange, California . [1] Ta girma tare da 'yan'uwa shida, waɗanda iyayensu 'yan gudun hijira ' yan Mexico suka rene su a Anaheim, inda ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Valencia . [2] [3] Ta sami digirin farko na Fasaha a adabin Sifaniyanci tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin harsuna biyu a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, [4] da digirin digirgir na Juris a 1995 a Makarantar Shari'a ta UCLA, [1] inda ta kasance edita na Chicano-Latino Law Review . [5] Kafin aikinta na hidimar jama'a, Sánchez lauya ce ƙwararriya a fannin dokar aiki. A shekarar 1998, ta shiga ƙungiyar 'Yan'uwa ta Ma'aikatan Wutar Lantarki ta Duniya (IBEW) Local 441 kuma ta zama jami'ar bin ƙa'ida. <ref name="IBEW2003">{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=Linda Sanchez Goes To Washington |url=http://www.ibew.org/articles/03journal/0301/page12.htm |access-date=21 November 2020 |website=IBEW |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027100355/http://www.ibew.org/articles/03journal/0301/page12.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga 2000 zuwa 2002, ta kasance sakatare kuma ma'aji na reshen gundumar Orange na AFL-CIO . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sanchez, Linda T. |url=https://bioguideretro.congress.gov/Home/MemberDetails?memIndex=S001156 |access-date=2020-10-17 |website=Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress}}</ref> == Yaƙin neman zaɓe na siyasa == === Gundumar Majalisa ta 39 (2003–2013) === Sánchez ta fara harkokin siyasa a yankin da a wancan lokacin shi ne gundumar 39. Wannan gundumar a da ita ce ta 38, wadda Steve Horn, ɗan jam'iyyar Republican mai wa'adi biyar, ya wakilta. Ta riga ta kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi ga 'yan Democrat, amma sake fasalin gundumomi bayan ƙidayar jama'a ta Amurka a shekarar 2000 ya sa ta zama mafi yawan 'yan Democrat, wanda hakan ya sa Horn ya yi ritaya. Sánchez ta zo ta farko a zaɓen fidda gwani na mutane shida don takarar ɗan takarar Democrat a watan Maris na 2002. Ta lashe zaɓen fidda gwani da kashi 33.5% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa; ɗan takarar da ke matsayi na biyu, Hector de la Torre, ya sami kashi 29.3%. Ta ci gaba da lashe zaɓen gama gari a kan Tim Escobar na jam'iyyar Republican, da kashi 54.9% zuwa 40.8%. Wannan ya sa Sánchez ta zama mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin memba na IBEW a Majalisar Wakilai. <ref name="IBEW2003"/> Ta tsaya takara ba tare da hamayya ba a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat a shekarar 2004. Ta sake fafatawa da Escobar a babban zaɓen, inda ta kayar da shi da kashi 60.7% zuwa 39.3%. A zaɓen 2006, ta kayar da 'yan takara biyu da kashi 77.8% na ƙuri'un da aka kaɗa da kuma lauya James L. Andion a babban zaɓen. Linda da 'yar uwarta Loretta sun zama 'yan'uwa mata na farko da suka yi aiki tare a Majalisar Wakilan Amurka. Loretta ta wakilci gundumar Orange County daga 1997 har zuwa 2017, bayan ta sanar da takararta ta neman takarar Majalisar Dattawan Amurka. Ta zo ta biyu a zaben fidda gwani na "manyan mutane biyu" na California, kafin ta sha kaye a hannun abokiyar takararta ta Democrat, kuma Babban Lauyan California, [[Kamala Harris]] a lokacin, a babban zaben 2016 . === Gundumar Majalisa ta 38 (2013–2026) === Bayan ƙidayar jama'a a Amurka a shekarar 2010, an sake sanya gundumar Sánchez a matsayin gundumar 38. A zaɓen da ke tafe ta fafata da ɗan jam'iyyar Republican Ryan Downing. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] h3alrd3hf7g1uk9bk330wb6b7gynedz 0 142363 828202 801230 2026-05-01T00:37:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lillian Hatcher''' (1915–1998) 'yar [[Afirkawan Amurka|Afirka-Amurka]] ce mai son yin aiki da kuma shirya ƙungiyar kwadago. Ta yi aiki a masana'antar jiragen sama ta Briggs da ke [[Detroit]] lokacin da ta fara shiga cikin ƙungiyar kwadago bayan da kamfanin ya tura ƙungiyar ma'aikata mata, farare da baƙaƙe, waɗanda duk suna da 'ya'ya, zuwa aikin tsakar dare. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Collection: UAW Women's Department: Lillian Hatcher Records {{!}} ArchivesSpace@Wayne |url=https://archives.wayne.edu/repositories/2/resources/1650 |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=archives.wayne.edu}}</ref> == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Lillian Hatcher a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1915, a Greenville, Alabama. Ta kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Arewa maso Gabas da ke Detroit kuma ta halarci azuzuwan faɗaɗa ma'aikata a Jami'ar Michigan a farkon shekarun 1940. A shekarar 1943 ta fara aiki a matsayin mai kula da jiragen sama kuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata baƙar fata na farko da aka ɗauka aiki a Kamfanin Briggs-Connor na Chrysler . A wannan shekarar ta shiga ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mota ta United (UAW), Local 742 (daga baya Local 212). A shekarar 1943, Hatcher ta shirya taron mata na farko na yankin a watan Fabrairu na wannan shekarar. [1] [2] A shekarar 1944, an zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na kwamitin zartarwa na yankin, kuma an naɗa ta mace baƙar fata ta farko da ta wakilci ƙasashen duniya na UAW. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], tattalin arzikin Amurka ya bai wa mata baƙar fata "dama ta farko mai ma'ana don haɓaka ayyukan yi. Dubban mutane sun ƙaura daga ayyukan noma da hidima marasa albashi mai tsoka zuwa ayyukan masana'antu masu albashi mai tsoka, waɗanda ƙungiyoyin kwadago ke karewa." <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-08 |title=UAW Black History Month Spotlight: Lillian Hatcher |url=https://uaw.org/uaw-black-history-month-spotlight-lillian-hatcher/ |access-date=2022-12-20 |website=UAW |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hatcher ta fara aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta a Sashen Manufofin Yaƙi na Mata. Lokacin da aka mayar da Ofishin Mata zuwa Sashen Ayyukan Adalci da Yaƙi da Wariya a 1946, Hatcher ta shiga cikin ma'aikatanta. A 1958 ta koma Sashen Mata inda ta kasance da alhakin shiryawa da shiga azuzuwan da tarurruka ga membobin ƙungiyar mata, da kuma ci gaba da hulɗa ta kud da kud da ƙungiyoyi da dama na gida da na ƙasa da suka shafi haƙƙin jama'a. <ref name=":1"/> Hatcher ta zama mai kula da Mataimakan Mata, waɗanda suka koma Sashen Mata a shekarar 1971, kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a ma'aikatan sashen har sai da ta yi ritaya daga UAW a watan Yunin 1980. <ref name=":1"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1915]] 4x0jg8xj1xaf6khejd7qtmp7ddvpjph 0 142529 828322 801735 2026-05-01T09:45:15Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Margaret Beryl Jones, Baroness Jones ta Whitchurch''' (an haife ta a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1955) ’yar ƙungiyar Labour ce ta Burtaniya kuma a da jami'ar ƙungiyar ƙwadago ce kuma [[Ɗan siyasa|’yar siyasa]] ta Labour . Ta kasance Shugabar Jam'iyyar Labour daga 2000 zuwa 2001. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Sakatariyar Harkokin Waje ta Majalisar Dokoki ta Harkokin Tattalin Arzikin Dijital na Nan Gaba da Tsaron Yanar Gizo da kuma zama Baroness a Waiting daga Yuli 2024 zuwa Satumba 2025. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Jones a Cardiff ga Bill da Audrey Jones, kuma ta yi karatu a Makarantar Sakandare ta Whitchurch . Daga nan ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Sussex, inda ta sami digiri na farko a [[Kimiyar al'umma|fannin ilimin zamantakewa]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin Shipton |date=2005-02-17 |title=Controversial candidate strikes back at 'smear' |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/controversial-candidate-strikes-back-smear-2406481 |access-date=2009-06-20 |website=Western Mail |publisher=WalesOnline}}</ref> Yanzu tana zaune a Hove . == Matsayi marasa siyasa == Jones ta kasance Daraktan Manufofi da Harkokin Jama'a na ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta UNISON har zuwa 2006. A shekarar 1979 ta zama jami'ar yanki ta Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Ƙasa (NUPE), wadda ta haɗu zuwa UNISON. Tana da gogewa a fannin fafutukar gidaje da kuma kare muhalli, haka kuma tana yaƙi da ƙarancin albashi da wariya a wurin aiki. A da, ta kasance amintaccen mai kula da tsarin gidaje da kuma [[Shirin Ayyukan muhalli da albarkatu|shirin ayyukan sharar gida da albarkatun ƙasa]], sannan kuma tana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na Circle 33 Housing Trust . <ref name="labourlords-bio">{{Cite web |title=Maggie Jones |url=https://www.labourlords.org.uk/maggie-jones |access-date=10 July 2021 |website=Labour Lords }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ta kasance memba a Hukumar Ci Gaba ta [[Abokin ciniki Duniya|ClientEarth]], <ref name="clientearth-dev">{{Cite web |title=Development Board |url=https://www.clientearth.org/people/development-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401222848/https://www.clientearth.org/people/development-board/ |archive-date=1 April 2016 |website=ClientEarth}}</ref> memba a kwamitin gudanarwa na Ombudsman Services, Shugabar Rothamsted Enterprises, kuma Shugabar Friends of the South Downs. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A shekarar 2020, an naɗa Lady Jones a matsayin memba na Hukumar Kula da Wuraren Shakatawa ta Ƙasa ta South Downs . == Aikin siyasa == === Mukaman Jam'iyyar Labour === Jones ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Ƙasa na Jam'iyyar Labour (NEC) a cikin ɓangaren ƙungiyar ƙwadago daga 1993 zuwa 2005. An zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugabar Jam'iyyar Labour a shekara ta 2000, shekarar da [[Firayim Minista na United Kingdom|Firayim Minista]] [[Tony Blair]] ya naɗa Charles Clarke a matsayin Shugaban Jam'iyyar da aka naɗa shi iri ɗaya. Ta kasance tare da Tony Blair, na Kwamitin Manufofin Hadin Gwiwa na NEC tsawon mafi yawan lokacinta a NEC. === Ɗan takarar majalisar dokoki da bai yi nasara ba === Jones ita ce 'yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta jam'iyyar Labour a mazabar Blaenau Gwent a babban zaɓen 2005, kujerar Labour mafi aminci a Wales, kuma ta biyar mafi aminci a Birtaniya. An zaɓe ta daga cikin jerin sunayen mata kawai waɗanda aka sanya wa jam'iyyar ta gida cikin ce-ce-ku-ce; [1] daga baya takwas daga cikin mambobi goma sha biyu na shugabannin ƙananan hukumomi sun yi murabus don nuna rashin amincewa. [2] Ɗan majalisar da ya yi ritaya Llew Smith shi ma ya soki hanyar zaɓen. [3] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]] pkrgp9vbw21ublr9p1r687g4owx89af 0 142655 828303 802085 2026-05-01T08:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madeleine Parent''' ( ; 23 ga Yuni, 1918 - 12 ga Maris, 2012) ta kasance 'yar ƙasar Kanada mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata, mata da kuma 'yan asalin ƙasar. Nasarorin Parent sun haɗa da aikinta wajen kafa [[Canadian Textile and Chemical Union|Ƙungiyar Yadi da Sinadarai ta Kanada]] da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Kanada tare da abokin aikinta kuma abokin aikinta Kent Rowley mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ma'aikata. Ta kasance fitacciyar jaruma a yajin aikin Montreal Cottons na 1946 . Ta yi ritaya daga aikin ƙungiyar a 1983 zuwa Montreal, Parent ta ci gaba da rawar da take takawa ta zamantakewar al'umma, tana mai da hankali kan haƙƙin mata. Ta zama memba mai kafa kwamitin aiki na kasa kan matsayin mata (NAC) kuma ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen magance matsalolin da mata da 'yan gudun hijira da' yan asalin ke fuskanta.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parent, Madeleine, 1918-2012 |url=http://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/parent-madeleine-1918-2012 |access-date=2018-02-01 |website=McGill Library Archival Catalogue |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 1955, gwamnatin lardin Maurice Duplessis ta kama ta saboda makircin tayar da kayar baya. Bayan watanni shida a kurkuku, an wanke ta. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife ta a [[Montréal|Montreal]], [[Kebek (lardi)|Quebec]] a 1918, 'yar Marie-Anne Rita Forest ce da J.B. Parent . Iyaye ta sami ilimin farko a Faransanci a L'Académie St. Urbain, Makarantar Villa-Maria da kuma Turanci a [[Makarantar Trafalgar don 'yan mata]]. Daga nan ta halarci [[Jami'ar McGill]], ta kammala karatu tare da B.A. a 1940. A lokacin shekarunta na McGill, ta shiga cikin aikinta na farko ta hanyar kamfen ɗin Majalisar Dalibai ta Kanada (CSA) don neman taimakon kuɗi ga ɗalibai da ke cikin bukata. Ta kuma sadu da Val Bjarnason, dalibi daga British Columbia, a taron CSA, kuma ta auri shi a shekara ta 1941.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 1942, ta kasance sakatariyar kwamitin shirya kwamitin kasuwanci da ma'aikata na Montreal. A shekara ta 1943, ta fara aiki tare da Kent Rowley don United Textile Workers of America (UTW), a Quebec . A shekara ta 1946, ma'aikatan masana'antu 6,000, waɗanda Rowley da Parent suka shirya a cikin ƙungiyar, sun shiga yajin aiki a kan Dominion Textile a Salaberry-de-Valleyfield da Montreal. Wadannan ayyukan sun haifar da martani mai karfi daga gwamnatin lardin Maurice Duplessis a kan Parent, gami da kamawa, shari'a don makircin tayar da kayar baya da kuma zargin cewa ita kwaminisanci ce. A shekara ta 1952, a tsakiyar wani yajin aiki a Valleyfield, UTWA ta kasa da kasa ta kori Parent da Rowley daga cikin ƙungiyar. Bayan haka, duka Parent da Rowley sun guje wa ƙungiyar ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa da Amurka ke jagoranta don tallafawa ƙungiyoyin Kanada. Iyaye sun haɗu da Kent Rowley don kafa Majalisar Fasaha ta Kanada (CTC) a 1952 wanda daga baya ya zama Kungiyar Fasaha da Chemical ta Kanada (cTCU). Rowley ita ce shugabar kungiyar tare da Madeleine Parent a matsayin Sakatare-Mai Ba da Kuɗi. A shekara ta 1953, biyun sun yi aure. A shekara ta 1969, sun zama mambobin kafa Majalisar Kungiyoyin Kanada wanda ya zama Kungiyar Kungiyoyin Kungiyoyin Canada (CCU), inda Rowley ya yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare-Mai Ba da Kuɗi har zuwa mutuwarsa a shekara ta 1978. Ayyukan ƙungiyar Madeleine Parent bayan 1967 sun fi mayar da hankali a Ontario. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Baitulmalin CTCU, da kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Gabas na CCU. Ayyukan ƙungiyar sun kuma yi aiki a matsayin abin hawa don shiga iyaye a cikin batutuwa kamar daidaitaccen albashi don aiki daidai. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] bcnn38b10oa65qo7g50poymog13eftb 0 142689 828212 802241 2026-05-01T01:22:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Linda Silas''' ma'aikaciyar jinya ce ta Kanada kuma 'yar ƙungiyar kwadago. Ita ce shugabar kungiyar Nurses Union (CFNU) ta Kanada tun shekara ta 2003. == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == Linda Silas ta girma a Dalhousie, New Brunswick, wani ƙaramin gari a kan Kogin Restigouche . Mahaifinta yana aiki a ''masana'antar buga jaridu ta Abitibi'', kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ƙungiyar ma'aikatan injina ta gida. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Climenhaga |first=David |author-link=David Climenhaga |date=2020-01-03 |title=Linda Silas, president of Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions, announces bid to lead Canadian Labour Congress |url=https://albertapolitics.ca/2020/01/linda-silas-president-of-canadian-federation-of-nurses-unions-announces-bid-to-lead-canadian-labour-congress/ |access-date=2021-12-11 |website=Alberta Politics |language=en-CA}}</ref> Silas ta yi karatun aikin jinya a Jami'ar Moncton, inda ta kammala karatunta a shekarar 1983. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Linda Silas, President of Canadian Federation of Nurses Unions, Announces Bid to Lead Canadian Labour Congress |url=https://www.nsnu.ca/resources/newsletters/january-2020/linda-silas-president-canadian-federation-nurses-unions |access-date=2021-12-11 |website=Nova Scotia Nurses Union |language=en}}</ref> == Sana'a == Silas ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya a fannin kula da gaggawa, kula da marasa lafiya masu tsanani, da [[Jego|haihuwa]] . <ref name=":0"/> Ba da daɗewa ba ta zama shugabar ƙungiyar ma'aikatan jinya ta gida. An zaɓe ta a matsayin Shugabar [[New Brunswick Nurses Union|Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta New Brunswick]], don haka ta zama shugabar cibiyar ma'aikatan jinya mafi ƙaranci a tarihin Kanada . <ref name=":1"/> Ta ci gaba da wannan matsayi na tsawon shekaru 10. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Elected Officers |url=http://15.222.163.27/about/elected-officers/ |access-date=2021-12-11 |website=Canada's Nurses }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, an zaɓe ta a matsayin shugabar CFNU, matsayin da har yanzu take riƙe da shi. <ref name=":1"/> == Ba da shawara == A lokacin mulkin Silas, CFNU ta ci gaba da kasancewa cibiyar ƙungiyar kwadago ba tare da nuna wariya ba . Duk da haka, Silas ta kasance mai fafutukar siyasa kan batutuwan kiwon lafiya a Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-06-04 |title=Nurses unions plan to get involved in federal election campaigning |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/article/nurses-unions-plan-to-get-involved-in-federal-election-campaigning/ |access-date=2021-12-11 |website=Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin annobar COVID-19, ta yi kira ga gwamnatocin larduna da su ɗauki ƙarin ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Savoie-Brideau |first=Pascale |date=24 June 2020 |title=Des travailleurs de la santé dénoncent un manque de protection dans les hôpitaux {{!}} La COVID-19 en Atlantique |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1714823/docteur-brian-reid-physicien-nouveau-brunswick-n-95-masques |access-date=2021-12-11 |website=Radio-Canada.ca |language=fr-ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=Exhausted nurses have 'had enough,' leader says as N.L. rallies highlight staffing shortage |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/nursing-shortage-protest-nl-1.6179384 |website=[[CBC News]]}}</ref> Linda Silas ta daɗe tana fafutukar kare haƙƙin magunguna na duniya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Chris |title=Interview - Linda Silas on Pharmacare |url=https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1454848067901}}</ref> Ta yi iƙirarin cewa aiwatar da wannan manufar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman a lokacin annobar duniya. == Neman shugabancin CLC == A ranar 3 ga Janairu, 2020, Linda Silas ta sanar da cewa za ta tsaya takarar zama shugabar jam'iyyar Labour Congress (CLC), majalisar kwadago ta Kanada. [1] Manyan kungiyoyin kwadago na Kanada kamar Teamsters Canada [2] da kuma Cibiyar Kwararru ta Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada sun amince da takararta. [3] Duk da haka, ta dakatar da yakin neman zabenta a watan Maris na 2021. [4] == Girmamawa da kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2025 an ba Silas lambar yabo ta girmamawa ta Kwalejin Aikin Jinya ta Royal <ref>{{Cite web |title=RCN Fellows and Honorary Fellows {{!}} Royal College of Nursing |url=https://www.rcn.org.uk/About-us/RCN-Fellows-and-Honorary-Fellows |access-date=2025-07-23 |website=The Royal College of Nursing |language=en}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2381538754 Bob McKeown ya yi hira da shugabar CFNU Linda Silas game da yanayin aikin jinya a Kanada] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dnytmidpv9b41xa4aujsz72ekvha47s 0 142753 828231 802411 2026-05-01T05:04:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Luise Ermisch''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Luise Thürmer''' ; 20 ga Mayu 1916 a Halle &#x2013; 17 ga Janairu 2001 a Mühlhausen ( Thuringia ) ƙwararriyar 'yar siyasa ce ta Jamus kuma daga baya ta zama babbar 'yar siyasa a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Jamus (Gabashin Jamus), <ref name="WerwarwerinderDDR">{{Cite web |date= |title=Biographische Datenbanken: Ermisch, Luise geb. Thürmer |url=http://bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=742 |access-date=13 October 2014 |publisher=Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur |archive-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728165356/https://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%252363;-1424.html?ID=742 |url-status=dead }}</ref> wacce ta daidaita aikinta na siyasa da ci gaba da shiga harkar tufafi. Ta shahara da "Hanyar Luise Ermisch" ( ''"Luise-Ermisch-Methode"'' ), wata hanya ce ta samar da kayayyaki a masana'antu wadda ta ƙunshi tsare-tsare dalla-dalla wanda ya raba tsarin masana'antu zuwa sassan wuraren aiki daban-daban kuma ya ba da damar aunawa, kimantawa, daidaita ma'auni da kuma danganta yawan da ingancin fitarwa. Ana iya amfani da sakamakon kididdigar da aka samu don ciyar da tsarin ƙarfafa gwiwa da lada. Saboda Gabashin Jamus yana aiki ne da tattalin arziki mai tsari na tsakiya, yana yiwuwa a yaɗa "Hanyar Luise Ermisch" cikin sauƙi. == Rayuwa == Diyar wani [[Fawa|ƙwararren mai yanka nama]], Ermisch ta yi karatu a fannin yin tufafi tsakanin 1930 da 1933, bayan haka sai aka samu rashin aikin yi. Tsakanin 1937 da 1939 tana aiki a matsayin mai dinki. A lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] an tilasta mata yin aikin walda har zuwa 1945. [[Fayil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-22994-0008,_Luise_Ermisch,_Leiterin_des_VEB_Kleiderwerk,_Mühlhausen.jpg|right|thumb|440x440px|'''"Hanyar Luise Ermisch"''' (a bayyane) tana aiki:<br /><br /><br /><br /> "Mai kula da gidan, Liselotte Ertingshausen (hagu), ta duba siket ɗin da abokiyar aikinta, Jutta Wolfgang, ta yi, don ganin ta yi nasarar yin duk wani ɗinki a wuraren da suka dace."<br /><br /><br /><br /> ( ''" Die Meisterin Liselotte Ertingshausen (links) prüft eine Schürze, die Kollegin Jutta Wolfgang, sie beherrscht sämtliche Positionen, genäht hula"'' )<br /><br /><br /><br /> VEB Kleiderwerk, Mühlhausen 1954]] Bayan yaƙin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai dinki a masana'antar VEB [1] Halle Dress. Ta shiga ƙungiyar 'Yancin Jamusawa ta Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci (FDGB / "Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund" ) a shekarar 1947. Daga nan, a shekarar 1949, ta sami ƙarin horo a makarantar yanki ta FDGB da kuma Makarantar Sakandare ta Fasaha da ke Neugersdorf . Ta zama memba na shugabannin ƙungiyar ƙwadago kuma ta kasance tare da kafa ƙungiyar farko ta "Brigade of Outstanding Quality" ( "Brigade der ausgezeichneten Qualität" ). A yanzu an zaɓe ta a matsayin mai fafutukar siyasa, kuma a shekarar 1950 ta shiga jam'iyyar SED (Jam'iyyar Hadin Kan Jama'a ta Jamus/ Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands ) mai mulki a ƙasar. Daga shekarar 1954, Luise Ermisch ta fara aiwatar da "Hanyar Luise Ermisch" don rage tsarin samar da kayayyaki a masana'antu a cikin tsarin ka'idojin gasa ta gurguzu. A cikin masana'anta, an ƙirƙiri tsarin aiki don rarrabawa da gano adadin samarwa da inganci ga kowane ma'aikaci da ƙungiya. Lokacin da aka gano adadi da inganci kuma aka kimanta sakamakon, ana amfani da su don gano waɗanda suka karɓi kyaututtuka. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001]] nfzlfv7j4daqau3fzsyaridpij0ngwa 0 142946 828096 802868 2026-04-30T18:39:19Z BnHamid 12586 828096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrée Jacob''' (22 ga Yulin 1906 - 6 ga Fabrairu 2002) ya kasance memba na Resistance na Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin]] ''Duniya'' na Biyu . Da farko tana aiki a cikin wallafe-wallafen, ta taka rawar gani a cikin Faransanci Resistance a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Bayan yakin ta zama 'yar jarida ga jaridar Le Monde, kuma ta yi aiki don adana al'adun al'adun Paris. Ta kasance abokin tarayya na 'yar'uwarta mai suna [[Éveline Garnier]] kuma dan uwan mai zane Max Jacob . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Andrée Madeleine Jacob a ranar 22 ga Yuli 1906 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=CTHS - JACOB Andrée Madeleine |url=https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=120408 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=cths.fr}}</ref> a cikin 3rd arrondissement na Paris a cikin dangin masu sayar da kayayyaki waɗanda suka tuba daga [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]] zuwa [[Cocin katolika|Katolika]] a cikin ƙarni da ya gabata. Dan uwanta shi ne mai zane Max Jacob, wanda daga baya ya tuba zuwa Katolika. Ta sadu da abokin rayuwarta, [[Éveline Garnier]], ta hanyar Katolika wanda ke kewaye da masanin falsafa Jacques Maritain, wanda shi ne kawun Garnier. Jacob ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin gwamnati a gidan kayan gargajiya na Palais de Chaillot. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=CTHS - JACOB Andrée Madeleine |url=https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=120408 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=cths.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=120408 "CTHS - JACOB Andrée Madeleine"]. ''cths.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu == Bayan faduwar Faransa a [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Jacobs ya rayu a karkashin sunan da ake zaton, Marie-Thérèse Bourdon, don kauce wa sanya Tauraron rawaya da tsanantawa na Yahudawa, korarsu da kisan kai wanda mutanen da ke da kakannin Yahudawa suka sha wahala a karkashin mulkin Vichy. An kama danginta, an ɗaure su kuma an kore su zuwa sansanonin fursuna. An kama 'yan uwanta Gaston da Myrthe-Lea Jacob a watan Janairun 1944, kuma an kore su zuwa sansanin fursuna na Auschwitz kuma ɗan'uwansu Max Jacob ya mutu a sansanin fursunoni na Drancy a watan Maris na shekara ta 1944. Jacob ta sami nasarar fitar da iyayenta daga Paris zuwa yankin Free French, inda suka sami damar zama a gidan [[:fr:Éveline_Garnier|Iyalin Éveline Garnier]]. Yakubu ya taimaka wajen ceton Yahudawa daga Holocaust a Faransa kuma ya kasance mai aiki sosai a cikin cibiyar sadarwa ta NAP (Noyautage des administrations publiques), wani bangare na Resistance na Faransa wanda ke da niyyar shiga cikin Gwamnatin Vichy . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonnet |first=Auteur Marie-Jo |title=Conférence à Strasbourg: Andrée Jacob (1906-2002) et Eveline Garnier (1904-1989) |url=https://mariejobon.net/2013/04/andree-jacob-1906-2002-et-eveline-garnier-1904-1989-heroines-occultees-de-la-resistance/ |access-date=2023-01-29 |website=La page de Marie-Jo Bonnet |language=fr-FR}}</ref> NAP ta kasance a Palais de Chaillot, inda ta yi aiki kuma Yakubu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ayyukanta. Daga cikin mutane 14 a cikin hanyar sadarwar NAP ta asali, hudu ne kawai suka tsere wa Gestapo, Andrée Jacob (sunan sirri Danielle) da [[Éveline Garnier]] (sunan lamba Anne) <ref>{{Cite web |title=FRAN_IR_053870 - Online catalogue |url=https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/rechercheconsultation/consultation/ir/consultationIR.action?irId=FRAN_IR_053870&udId=cu00dipxe4e-1w6hpqppurg0q&details=true&numberImage=FRAN_0086_023830_L |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr}}</ref> suna daga cikinsu. Ayyukan da aka fi sani da kuma sanannun juriya na Yakubu a lokacin yakin sun kasance a lokacin 'yanci na Bibliothèque nationale de France a ƙarshen watan Agusta 1944 a lokacin 'Yanci na Paris, inda ta kama darektan Vichy Bernard Faÿ a matsayin shugaban rundunar Sojojin Cikin Gida na Faransa kuma ta adana tarihin ɗakin karatu. Daga baya aka yanke wa Faÿ hukuncin Dégradation nationale. == Bayan yakin == [[Fayil:Tombe_Andrée_JACOB,_2022.jpg|thumb|130x130px|Kabarin Andrée Jacob a cikin 2022.]] Andrée Jacob ya zama shugaban sashen adana bayanai a ma'aikatar tsoffin mayakan (Ma'aikatari na Harkokin Tsohon Sojoji). A shekara ta 1963 an zabe ta mataimakiyar magajin gari na 2nd arrondissement na Paris . Daga 1965 zuwa 1985, ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar jarida ga jaridar Le Monde, inda ta rubuta wani shafi na Chronique sur le vieux Paris game da tarihin Paris a baya da kuma tsara birane na Paris. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=CTHS - JACOB Andrée Madeleine |url=https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=120408 |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=cths.fr}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://cths.fr/an/savant.php?id=120408 "CTHS - JACOB Andrée Madeleine"]. ''cths.fr''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> Ta shiga Société historique du VIe arrondissement a shekara ta 1974, kuma ta kasance darakta na Society daga 1978 zuwa 2002.[1] A shekara ta 1986, Jacob ya zama memba na Commission du vieux Paris, ƙungiyar birni tare da manufa don tuntuɓar da tallafawa kariya ga al'adun a cikin manufofin tsara birane na birnin Paris. Ta rubuta littattafai da yawa game da al'adun babban birnin kafin 1991.[2] Andrée Jacob ya mutu a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 2002 a cikin gundumar Paris ta 7. An binne ta a Kabari na Montparnasse, a cikin kabari na 97 CC 1907 (ƙungiya ta 24 - jere na 5 daga arewa - jere na 20 daga gabas). An dawo da kabarinta a cikin bazara na 2022. == Daraja == [[Fayil:Square_Louvois_Paris_23-05.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Square Louvois Paris, 'allée Andrée-Jacob yana gefen hagu kuma l'allée Éveline-Garnier a dama]] * Medal na Resistance na Faransa (1945) * Gicciye na Yaƙi 1939-1945 (1945) * Chevalier na Legion na girmamawa (1946) * Jami'in Legion na girmamawa (1965) * Jami'in Ilimi na Jama'a * Jami'in Ordin du Mérite na Benin * Chevalier na Fasaha da Littattafai == Littattafai == * Katalog na baje kolin "La Presse à Paris: 1851-1981" Paris, BHVP, (1983) * ''Jagoran baje kolin "Paris da aka rayu, Paris da aka yi mafarki": mai nasara Hugo 1885-1985"'' Paris, (1985) * Rayuwa da tarihin VIe arrondissement Paris, Hervas, (1986) * ''Rayuwa da tarihin gundumar ta takwas'' (1987). * Rayuwa da tarihin IIe Arrondissement (1988). * Shekara ɗari da suka gabata, lokacin da mata suka gudanar da salon Paris, A. Seydoux, 1991 == Bikin Tunawa == A ranar 29 ga watan Agustan 2019, bikin cika shekaru 75 da 'Yanci na Paris, an kaddamar da tituna biyu, l'allée Andrée-Jacob da l'allées Éveline-Garnier a cikin 2nd arrondissement na Paris don tunawa da Yakubu da Garnier da dangantakarsu ta sama da rabin karni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Des places et des rues en hommage aux militants LGBTQI+ |url=https://www.paris.fr/pages/des-places-et-des-rues-en-hommage-aux-militants-lgbtqi-6903 |access-date=2019-08-24 |website=www.paris.fr |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Besnard |first=Anne V. |date=2019-06-05 |title=25 lieux parisiens inaugurés en hommage à des personnalités et événements LGBTQI ou friendly |url=https://www.stophomophobie.com/25-lieux-parisiens-inaugures-en-hommage-a-des-personnalites-et-evenements-lgbtqi-ou-friendly/ |access-date=2019-08-24 |website=Association STOP HOMOPHOBIE {{!}} Information - Prévention - Aide aux victimes |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonnet |first=Marie-Jo |title=Inauguration des allées Andrée Jacob et Eveline Garnier square Louvois, Paris 2e |url=https://mariejobon.net/2019/09/inauguration-des-allees-andree-jacob-et-eveline-garnier-square-louvois-paris-2e/ |access-date=2019-09-24 |website=La page de [[Marie-Jo Bonnet]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1906]] r0m9q0or6mx0mkws9x19mbbwmjse8nf 0 143244 828255 803768 2026-05-01T06:27:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lyuba Kutincheva''' (Bulgarian; 15 ga Mayu 1910 - 20 ga Satumba 1998) matafiyi ne na Bulgarian kuma mai magana da harsuna da yawa wanda aka sani da magana da akalla harsuna bakwai. Ta yi tafiya kusan shekaru goma (1929-1938) a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Gabas ta Gabas, arewacin Afirka da Turai. == Tarihin rayuwa == === Shekaru na farko === An haifi Kutincheva a [[Veliko Tarnovo|Tarnovo]] a cikin Masarautar Bulgaria a ranar 15 ga Mayu 1910 a cikin dangin masu ilimi. Bayan 1913, iyalin sun zauna a Kudancin Dobruja, wanda a tarihi ya kasance wani ɓangare na Bulgaria amma Romania ce ke gudanar da shi a wannan lokacin. Yayinda take dalibi, ta shiga cikin Kungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Dobrujan ta Cikin Gida tare da mahaifinta, wanda kungiya ce ta kwaminisanci ta Bulgarians da aka sadaukar don 'yantar da yankinsu daga Romania.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Borisov |first=Theodore |date=2020-04-23 |title=Мистериозната авантюристка Люба Кутинчева (The mysterious adventurer Lyuba Kutincheva) |url=https://bulgarianhistory.org/lyuba-kutincheva/ |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=Българска история |language=bg-BG}}</ref> Lyuba ta kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Faransa a [[Bukarest|Bucharest]], [[Romainiya|Romania]] . <ref name=":0"/> A wannan lokacin, ta zama mai magana mai ban sha'awa wanda ke jin daɗin ba da labaran yankin gidanta kuma yana rokon rabuwa da Romania. A cikin kamfanin wani daga iyalinta (mahaifinta ko kawunta <ref name=":1" />) ta tafi [[Turkiyya]], inda ta zagaya manyan birane don nishadantar da masu sauraro tare da labarun tarihin Bulgarian, adabi, shayari, halaye da al'adu, da kuma halin da ake ciki a Dobruja a ƙarƙashin mulkin Romania.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Pavlovich |first=Elitsa |date=2019-06-02 |title=Люба Кутинчева – първата европейка в земите на Исляма {{!}} Момичетата от града (Lyuba Kutincheva - the first European in the lands of Islam) |url=https://momichetata.com/buditelkite/lyuba-kutincheva-prvata-evropeyka-v-zemite-na-islyama |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=Momichetata.com |language=bulgarian}}</ref> Tattaunawarta "an yi niyya ne ga yunkurin hukumomin Romania na daidaita yawan mutanen Dobruja". <ref name=":0" /> Ta iya magana da harshen Bulgarian, Faransanci, Romanian da Turkiyya. An halarci jawabinta sosai kuma, ta amfani da kuɗin da ta samu daga gare su, ta fara tafiye-tafiye a 1929 lokacin da take da shekaru 19 kawai.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Една българка в "Мисия пътешественик" (A Bulgarian woman in "Traveler's Mission") |url=http://www.desant.net/show-news/36914/ |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=www.desant.net |language= |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227205437/https://www.desant.net/show-news/36914/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> === Tafiya === A cewar wani baje kolin kayan tarihi na ƙasar Bulgaria na shekarar 2016 wanda ya gabatar da kayayyakin tarihi daga tafiye-tafiyenta tsakanin 1929 da 1939, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Люба Кутинчева - мисия Пътешественик - Културен в Странник.бг (Lyuba Kutincheva - Traveler mission) |url=http://www.strannik.bg/o/6279/lyuba-kutincheva-misiya-pateshestvenik |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=www.strannik.bg}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Tsankova |first=Diana |date=2021 |title=Люба Кутинчева – первая болгарская путешественница (Luba Kutincheva - the first Bulgarian traveler) |url=https://bnr.bg/ru/post/100696139/luba-kutincheva-pervaa-bolgarskaa-puteshestvennica |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=bnr.bg |language=ru}}</ref> Kutincheva (tare da mahaifinta ko kawunta) ta yi tafiya zuwa: [[Siriya]], [[Falasdinu]], Transjordan (yanzu [[Jodan|Jordan]] ), [[Misra|Masar]], Abisiniya ( [[Itofiya|Habasha]] da [[Eritrea]] ), [[Sudan]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]], [[Iraƙi|Iraki]], Farisa ( [[Iran]] ), [[Afghanistan]], [[Oman]], [[Indiya]], Burma ( [[Myanmar]] ), Ceylon ( [[Sri Lanka]] ), [[Borneo]], [[Sumatra]], [[Filipin|Philippines]], Formosa ( [[Taiwan]] ), Siam ( [[Tailan|Thailand]] ), [[Sin|China]], [[Japan]], Kudancin Sakhalin, [[Aljeriya]], Spain Morocco, [[Tunisiya|Tunisia]] da [[Libya]] . A duk lokacin tafiye-tafiyenta, ta ba da labaran rayuwar Bulgaria kuma "ta sanya launin Bulgaria mai launin uku a kan hularta."<ref name=":2" /> === Ilimi === Bayan tafiya na shekaru da yawa, Kutincheva ta tafi Paris a 1935 don ci gaba da karatunta, tana karatun aikin jarida da ilimin Faransanci. Ta yi aiki na shekara guda a matsayin jaridar Le matin kuma a matsayin [[Photojournalism|mai daukar hoto]] ga La femme, bayan haka ta fara wani tafiya ta [[Ispaniya|Spain]] da Morocco. A farkon 1939 ta koma Faransa, inda ta kammala karatun ta mafi girma. A ƙarshe, bayan shekaru goma ba ta da gida, ta koma Bulgaria cikin rashin lafiya.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Една българка в "Мисия пътешественик" (A Bulgarian woman in "Traveler's Mission") |url=http://www.desant.net/show-news/36914/ |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=www.desant.net |language= }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Tsankova |first=Diana |date=2021 |title=Люба Кутинчева – первая болгарская путешественница (Luba Kutincheva - the first Bulgarian traveler) |url=https://bnr.bg/ru/post/100696139/luba-kutincheva-pervaa-bolgarskaa-puteshestvennica |access-date=2021-02-19 |website=bnr.bg |language=ru}}</ref> A shekara ta 1939, ta auri ɗan jarida Alexander Konstantinov Dagorov, kuma wani lokacin ana kiranta da '''Lyuba Kutincheva Dagorova.'''<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1998]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] dv9m0con16cdsex3gx36jh4mf9nqa9b 0 143356 828308 804074 2026-05-01T08:53:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Dame_Madge_Kendal_by_Valentine_Cameron_Prinsep.jpg|thumb|Kendal ta Valentine Cameron Prinsep, a matsayin Lady Giovanna a cikin [[Alfred, Ubangiji Tennyson|Tennyson]]'s The ''Falcon'', 1879]]{{Databox}} '''Dame Madge Kendal''' DBE (an haife ta '''Margaret Shafto Robertson'''; 15 Maris 1848 - 14 Satumba 1935) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Ingila ta zamanin [[Zamanin Victorian|Victorian]] da Edwardian, wacce aka fi sani da rawar da ta taka a [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]] da wasan kwaikwayo na Ingilishi. Tare da mijinta, W. H. Kendal (an haife ta William Hunter Grimston), ta zama muhimmiyar manajan gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Madge Kendal ta fito ne daga dangin wasan kwaikwayo. An haife ta ne a Grimsby a Lincolnshire, inda mahaifinta ke gudanar da jerin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo. Ta fara aiki tun tana ƙarama kuma ta fara bugawa London tana da shekaru huɗu. Yayinda take matashiya ta bayyana tare da Ellen da Kate Terry a Bath, kuma ta buga [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]]'s Ophelia da Desdemona a West End . A karkashin jagorancin J. B. Buckstone, ta shiga kamfanin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Haymarket a London a 1869, lokacin da take da shekaru 21. Yayinda take cikin kamfanin ta sadu kuma ta auri ɗan wasan kwaikwayo W. H. Kendal . Bayan aurensu, a watan Agustan 1869, biyun sun sanya doka don bayyana a cikin wannan samarwa, kuma sun zama sanannun jama'a da "The Kendals". Sun bayyana tare a cikin sababbin wasannin da irin waɗannan masu wasan kwaikwayo kamar W. S. Gilbert da Arthur Pinero, kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a cikin litattafan Shakespeare, Sheridan da sauransu. Bayan jerin bayyanar da suka samu nasara a Landan da kuma yawon shakatawa a Burtaniya, Kendals sun shiga cikin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo John Hare a gudanar da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na St James tsakanin 1879 da 1888, suna canza yanayin gidan wasan kwaikwayon su, wanda aka sani da gazawar kuɗi. A ƙarshen 1880s da farkon 1890s Kendals sun shafe yawancin lokacin su a Amurka, suna yawon shakatawa fiye da birane 40, kuma suna samun kuɗi mai yawa. Bayan sun koma yin wasan kwaikwayo a Burtaniya sama da shekaru goma, sun yi ritaya a 1908 daga dogon aikin su a kan mataki. Madge Kendal an dauke ta a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau fiye da mijinta, kuma an san ta musamman saboda wasan kwaikwayon da ta yi a sassa masu ban dariya. Ra'ayi mai mahimmanci ya fi rarrabuwa game da ayyukanta a cikin matsayi mai tsanani; wasu masu sukar sun ɗauki aikinta na halitta a matsayin mai hankali, yayin da wasu suka sami sanyi. Kendals sun kasance wani ɓangare na motsi don yin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Burtaniya mafi mutunci ga jama'a, kuma an san ta da "matron na gidan wasan kwaikwayo ya Ingila". Ta kasance mai aiki a cikin ayyukan agaji amma ta rabu da 'ya'yanta huɗu da suka tsira daga baya a rayuwa. Kendal ta mutu bayan mijinta kuma ta mutu a lokacin da ta yi ritaya a gidanta a Chorleywood, Hertfordshire, tana da shekaru 87. == Rayuwa da aiki == === Shekaru na farko === Madge Robertson, daga baya Kendal, ''An haife ta'' {{Refn|Her place of birth was 58 Cleethorpes Road, Grimsby.<ref>[http://garrick.ssl.co.uk/names/SKE016 "Kendal, Madge (Dame)"], [[Garrick Club]] Collections. Retrieved 9 November 2019</ref> Some early profiles of Kendal mistakenly take her birthplace to be the adjoining town of [[Cleethorpes]];<ref name=timesobit/> this error has been corrected in later biographical sketches.<ref name=dnb/><ref name=timesobit>"Dame Madge Kendal", ''The Times'', 16 September 1935, p. 14</ref>}} Grimsby a Lincolnshire, <ref name="dnb" /> ƙarami daga cikin 'ya'ya 22 da aka ruwaito na William Shaftoe Robertson da matarsa Margharetta Elisabetta, née Marinus. Mahaifinta ya fito ne daga dangin wasan kwaikwayo. Ya yi wasan kwaikwayo a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo takwas da iyalinsa ke da su a garuruwa a ciki da kewayen Lincolnshire kuma daga baya ya zama manajan wannan. Mahaifiyarta ta fito ne daga dangin Dutch: mahaifinta ya koyar da harsuna a London, kuma tana magana da Turanci ba tare da wata alama ta harshen waje ba. A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, ta shiga kamfanin Robertsons, ta sadu da William, wanda ta auri a 1828. Babban ɗan'uwanta shine T. W. Robertson, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya jagoranci motsi zuwa ga wasan kwaikwayo na halitta da ƙira a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. 'Yan uwanta Fanny (1830-1903) da Georgina (1840-1913) sun zama' yan wasan kwaikwayo. Wani ɗan'uwa, Edward Shafto Robertson (1844-1871), ya zama ɗan wasan kwaikwayo. Kendal ta halarci makarantar kiɗa kuma daga baya ta rubuta a cikin tarihinta cewa mahaifinta ya ci gaba da ilimantar da ita a cikin adabi. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lincolnshire a hankali ya zama ba shi da kuɗi, kuma Robertsons sun koma London a farkon shekarun 1850, inda William ya zama manajan haɗin gwiwa na Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marylebone . A can, a shekara ta 1854, tana da shekaru biyar, Kendal ta taka rawar yarinya Marie a cikin wasan kwaikwayo The Struggle for Gold; ko, The Orphan of the Frozen Sea na Edward Stirling, a karkashin jagorancin mahaifinta.<ref name="k8" /> Sauran rawar yara da sauri suka ''Baƙo'' baya: Jeannie, yarinya makaho, a cikin Matafiya Bakwai (wani mataki na labarin [[Charles dickens|Charles Dickens]]), da kuma rawar da ya taka a cikin pantomime ''Tit-Tat-Toe'' da tsohuwar melodrama, The Stranger, ta Agusta von Kotzebue. Iyalin sun koma Bristol a shekara ta 1855, inda Kendal ta buga Eva a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Uncle Tom's Cabin, inda take da waƙoƙi huɗu. An yaba wa waƙarta sosai, kuma aikin wasan kwaikwayo ya zama mai yiwuwa, amma ta kamu da cutar diphtheria, kuma muryarta ta sha wahala bayan cire tonsils. Duk da haka, ta taka rawar waka a cikin A Midsummer Night's Dream a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bath a 1863, tare da 'yan'uwa mata Ellen da Kate Terry a matsayin Titania da Oberon, bi da bi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gillan |first=Don |title=Mrs Kendal |url=http://www.stagebeauty.net/th-frames.html?http&&&www.stagebeauty.net/kendal/kendal-m3.html |access-date=25 June 2020 |website=www.stagebeauty.net }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Shekaru saba'in bayan haka Kendal ta tuna da samarwar: "Ko da a yau ina tunawa da wasan kwaikwayon Ellen Terry na Titania a matsayin mafarki na sha'awa. A matsayin 'yan mata mun kasance 'Nellie' da 'Madge' ga juna kuma 'Nellia' da 'madge' mun kasance har zuwa mutuwarta". A cikin wannan shekaru goma, Robertsons sun yi wasa a hankali a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na lardin. Bayan Bristol da Bath akwai farkon ƙarya a cikin aikin Kendal lokacin da ta yi alkawarin taka muhimmiyar rawa a West End. A watan Yulin 1865 ta buɗe a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Haymarket, tana wasa da Ophelia ga Hamlet na Walter Montgomery . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin sanarwa mai kyau. The Era ya rubuta: : Miss Madge Robertson ... matashi ce, amma an horar da ita sosai a cikin fasaharta, kuma tana da fuska mai haske, mai basira, wanda kamar yana iya bayyana kowane irin motsin rai. An fassara yanayin hauka a cikin mataki na huɗu tare da ɗanɗano mai yawa, tausayi da nuna bambanci, kuma debutante ya sami rabon girmamawa na maraice. A cikin wannan lokacin Haymarket ta buga Blanche ga Montgomery's King John, da Desdemona ga Othello na Ira Aldridge . [1] Amma duk da kyakkyawan kasuwanci a ofishin akwatin, Montgomery ba ta kasance tauraruwa ce ta farko ba, kuma kakar ba ta nuna ci gaba a cikin aikin mata ba. Komawa zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na lardin, Kendal da mahaifinta sun bi Montgomery zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayon Royal, Nottingham, inda aka nada Montgomery a matsayin darektan, kuma a cikin rantsar da shi a watan Satumba ta yi magana da gabatarwa a Makarantar Sheridan don Scandal . [2] Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta bayyana a matsayin Nerissa, tare da Mary Frances Scott-Siddons a matsayin Portia da Montgomery a matsayin Shylock, a cikin The Merchant of Venice . [3] A shekara ta gaba Kendal ta koma mahaifiyarta a Hull. A can ta buga Lady Macbeth a gaban Samuel Phelps . A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na ɗan'uwanta T. W. Robertson, Kendal ta buga Maud Hetherington, yayin da mahaifiyarta Lady Ptarmigant ce. Bayan Hull, Kendal ta tafi tare da mahaifinta zuwa Liverpool, inda ta fito a [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], Sheridan da wasannin zamani. === Manazarta === ii1z131ttx50c3vu4ulqtgtkswcuivj 0 143546 828215 804514 2026-05-01T01:46:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Manjo Janar '''Lisa Claire Keetley''' jami'ar sojin Burtaniya ce wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Tsaro a Gidan Sarauta tun daga shekarar 2024. == Ayyukan soja == Bayan ya halarci Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, an ba Keetley izini a cikin Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers a ranar 16 ga Disamba 1995 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lisa Keetley |url=https://www.defenceleaders.com/speaker/lisa-keetley |access-date=12 October 2024 |publisher=Defence Leaders }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An inganta ta zuwa Brigadier a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2019, [1] ta zama Mataimakin Shugaban Ma'aikata a NATO Rapid Deployable Corps - Spain a shekara ta 2019, Mataimakin Kwamandan Janar na Tallafi a Kungiyar Taimako ta Tsaro a Ukraine a shekara ta 2022 da Mataimakin Babban Jami'in Tsaro (People Capability) da Sakataren Ayyukan Tsaro a shekara ta 2024.[2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7dekbj9w4l921x9bmqxthrwqc52r8a7 0 143586 828304 804609 2026-05-01T08:44:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madeleine Agnes Sharp''' MBE (Yuli 1920 - 7 Janairu 2014) likita ce 'yar Birtaniya kuma mai fafutukar samar da zaman lafiya. An san ta da aikinta na samar da taimakon likita da kimiyya ga [[Vietnam]] da kuma a matsayinta na likita a Coventry . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Sharp a [[Landan]] kuma ta girma a [[Newcastle|Newcastle upon Tyne]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |date=February 2014 |title=Dr Madeleine Sharp MBE |url=http://msavlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Bulletin-178-February-2014.pdf |journal=Medical & Scientific Aid to Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia News Bulletin |volume=178 |pages=1–2}}</ref> Ta kuma shafe lokaci mai tsawo a Gourock tare da kakanninta, inda ta sami lafazin Scotland. <ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Sharp ita ce sakatariyar ƙungiyar abota ta Burtaniya da Soviet kuma ta ƙarfafa sha'awar Sharp a siyasa; wata malamar makaranta ta kira Sharp " mai adawa da farkisanci kafin lokacin" saboda yawan tattaunawa da take yi game da Yaƙin Basasa na Spain . <ref name=":0" /> Mahaifiyar Sharp wataƙila ta ƙarfafa ta ta nemi aikin likitanci. Sharp ta fara horo a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jinya saboda iyayenta ba za su iya biyan kuɗin tura ta makarantar likitanci ba. Sharp ta yi aiki a Indiya a ƙarƙashin Rundunar Ma'aikatan Jinya ta Sarauniya Alexandra inda ta shaida farkon Rarrabuwa, abin da ya haifar da mummunan tashin hankalin da ya kai ta ga yaƙin neman zaɓe mai zafi daga baya. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gilbert |first=Simon |date=2014-01-20 |title=Coventry peace campaigner Madeleine Sharp dies after decades defending the poor |url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/local-news/coventry-peace-campaigner-madeleine-sharp-6529281 |access-date=2021-07-21 |website=CoventryLive |language=en}}</ref> Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]], Sharp ya sami sabon tallafin kuɗi na Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa don yin karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Edinburgh . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Women in general practice: International perspectives |url=https://www.rcgp.org.uk/about-us/rcgp-blog/women-in-gp-international-perspectives.aspx |access-date=2021-07-21 |website=Royal College of GPs |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Aiki da kamfen == Bayan samun cancanta, Sharp ta ɗauki aiki a matsayin mai kula da wani asibiti a Coventry, wanda daga baya ya zama aiki na dindindin. Ta zama abokin tarayya kuma daga baya babbar abokiyar aiki a wurin kuma ta yi aiki a can tsawon shekaru 30. <ref name=":1"/> Sharp ya nuna rashin amincewa da shigar Amurka cikin Vietnam kuma ya shiga cikin Kwamitin Taimakon Lafiya na Vietnam (wanda daga baya aka sani da Taimakon Lafiya da Kimiyya ga Vietnam, Laos da Cambodia ko MSAVLC) a shekarar 1965. Sharp ya zama sakatare mai daraja a shekarar 1987 kuma ya ci gaba da wannan aiki har zuwa 2009. [1] [2] Sharp ya taka rawa musamman a aikin samar da kayan aikin roba ga waɗanda suka rasa gaɓoɓinsu saboda nakiyoyi, da kuma neman rage mace-macen jarirai, da kuma binciken yadda magungunan gargajiya za su iya aiki tare da magungunan Yammacin duniya. [3] Sharp shi ne shugaban Kwamitin Zaman Lafiya na Magajin Garin Coventry kuma shi ne ke da alhakin jawo hankalin masu jawabi ciki har da Ted Heath, Mo Mowlam da Harold Wilson don gabatar da Lakcar Zaman Lafiya ta shekara-shekara. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Youett |first=Chris |date=13 April 2014 |title=Madeleine Sharp obituary: Doctor and peace campaigner who worked tirelessly for humanitarian causes in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/madeleine-sharp-obituary-doctor-and-peace-campaigner-who-worked-tirelessly-humanitarian-causes-vietnam-laos-and-cambodia-9257520.html |access-date=2021-07-21 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2014]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] qa5gepa0ziwqzd4utsty21tyrbodyah 0 144103 828197 805915 2026-04-30T23:44:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Leslie Mary de Barra''' (née Price; 9 ga Janairu 1893 - 9 ga Afrilu 1984) ' yar asalin ƙasar Ireland ce kuma 'yar jam'iyyar Republican mai fafutuka a lokacin tashin Ista na 1916, Yaƙin 'Yanci da Yaƙin Basasa, ta zama Darakta a Cumann na mBan . Ta ci gaba da zama shugaba kuma Shugabar Red Cross ta Ireland . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Leslie Mary Price a Dublin a shekarar 1893 ga Michael da Mary Price. Mahaifinta maƙeri ne kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin yara shida. Tana son zama malamar makaranta kuma a shekarar 1911 ta zama Monitress, wata hanya da 'yan mata ke amfani da ita wajen shiga aikin koyarwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Census return for Murtagh Road, Dublin |publisher=National Archives of Ireland}}</ref> 'Yan'uwanta biyu sun shiga cikin ' Yan Agajin Irish kuma ita mamba ce ta Cumann na mBan . Kafin tashin, tare da rudani game da umarni da rashin bayanai, ta ce "ba ta yi tambaya ba" domin, duk abin da ke faruwa, sau da yawa akwai abubuwan da ba su dace ba a gidanta. Amma duk suna jiran umarnin tattara jama'a don tashin Ista. == Tashin Ista == Matsayin De Barra a lokacin tawayen jamhuriya a Ireland, Easter 1916, shine ta yi aiki a matsayin mai aika saƙo da harsasai tsakanin babban hedikwatar da ke Ofishin Wasiku da sauran mukamai. Ta yi rawar gani sosai a lokacin Tashi kuma ta sami girmamawa daga 'yan Republican na Ireland da yawa. Bisa umarnin ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin masu tasowa - Seán Mac Diarmada, de Barra (Price) da ɗan'uwanta memba na Cumann na mBan Bríd Dixon an ɗaukaka su a fagen daga kuma an ɗauke su a matsayin Jami'ai. <ref>{{Cite book|last3=}}</ref> de Barra daga baya ya yarda cewa aikin yana da wahala. An tura ta aiki a GPO da kuma a Bankin Hibernian. A lokacin da take banki ne ta kusa mutuwa, tana tsaye kusa da Kyaftin Thomas Weafer yayin da aka harbe shi. Wani soja da ya je taimaka masa shi ma an harbe shi. De Barra da kyar ta sami lokacin kama Kyaftin Weafer kafin ya mutu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Kildare woman in the GPO |url=http://www.kildare.ie/ehistory/index.php/eva-bourke-a-kildare-woman-in-the-gpo/ |publisher=Kildare history}}</ref> Ita ce mutumin da aka aika don ɗaukar firist ga sojojin da ke mutuwa da waɗanda suka ji rauni a ranar Alhamis. Da yammacin Juma'a, de Barra ya shiga cikin rundunar 'yan sanda kuma yana tare da ƙungiyar da aka kwashe tare da Louise Gavan Duffy . Da suka isa asibiti da ke kan titin Jervis, sai ta rabu da Duffy ta nufi masana'antar Jacob don ganin yadda 'yan tawayen ke ci gaba da kai hari a can. An kuma kama ta aka tsare ta a tashar Broadstone amma an sake ta da sauri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The GPO |url=http://www.irishmedals.org/the-g-p-o-.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316051134/http://www.irishmedals.org/the-g-p-o-.html |archive-date=16 March 2016 |access-date=24 March 2016 |publisher=Irish Medals}}</ref> == Bayan Tashin Hankali == A shekarar 1918, de Barra ta wakilci West Cork a taron Cumann na mBan kuma ta zama memba a kwamitin zartarwa. Ta bar aikin koyarwa don mayar da hankali sosai kan ƙungiyar da ƙungiyar Republican ta buƙata a shekarar 1918. Ta yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar ta jirgin ƙasa da keke don sa mata su shiga rassan Cumann na gida su shiga cikin ayyukan da ƙungiyar ke buƙata. Hukumar GHQ ta IRA ta ba ta aikin kafa takamaiman layukan sadarwa tsakanin Dublin da umarnin Lardin. A cikin shekarar, ƙungiyar ta girma daga rassa 17 zuwa sama da 600. Ta kasance Daraktan ƙungiyar a lokacin har zuwa ƙarshen yaƙin. De Barra ta auri Tom Barry a ranar 22 ga Agusta, 1921, a Cork a lokacin Truce a lokacin da aka shirya yarjejeniyar Anglo-Irish . A wurin bikin auren akwai maza waɗanda daga baya suka kasance a ɓangarori daban-daban. Dukansu Éamon de Valera da Michael Collins baƙi ne. Mijinta ya kasance mai adawa da Yarjejeniyar duk da cewa ya kasance abokai da Collins. Duk da cewa mijinta ɗan jam'iyyar Republican ne mai ƙarfi kuma babban jigo a Yaƙin 'Yanci na Irish da Yaƙin Basasa na Irish, yayin da take aiki a GPO a Dublin a lokacin tashin hankalin, yana [[Mesopotamia]] yana hidimar Sojojin Burtaniya a Yaƙin Duniya na Farko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Legacy of Cumann na mban |url=http://republican-news.org/current/news/2014/04/the_legacy_of_cumann_na_mban.html#.VvQFpFWLTnD}}</ref> == Aikin jin kai == A shekarun baya de Barra ta kasance ginshiki ga kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta Ireland . Da farko ta shiga cikin shirin kula da yaran da suka rasa marayu sakamakon yakin duniya na biyu. [1] Ta wakilci kungiyar agaji ta Irish Red Cross a tarurrukan da aka gudanar a Toronto, Oslo, Monaco, New Delhi, Geneva, Vienna, The Hague, Athens, Istanbul, Prague. Ita da mijinta sun kula da 'yan gudun hijira daga Czechoslovakia da Poland. [2] [3] Ta hanyar kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross ta sami damar tabbatar da matsayin 'yan Irish da 'yan Spain suka rike a lokacin yakin basasar Spain, a hukumance Ireland ta kasance tsaka tsaki kuma ba za ta iya shiga ba. [4] de Barra ya kasance Shugaban kungiyar agaji ta Irish Red Cross daga 1950 zuwa 1973. [5] De Barra ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa ƙungiyar Inshorar Lafiya ta Sa-kai a ƙarshen shekarun 1950. <ref name="President">{{Cite web |title=Speech by President Michael D Higgins to commemorate the role of women |url=http://www.president.ie/en/media-library/speeches/speech-by-president-michael-d.-higgins-to-commemorate-the-role-of-women-in |publisher=President of Ireland Site}}</ref> A shekarar 1962, tare da Red Cross de Barra, ya ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin "'Yanci daga yunwa" a Ireland wanda daga baya ya zama ƙungiyar Gorta . De Barra shi ma ya kasance shugaban Gorta. <ref name="President"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 Launching of Freedom from Hunger Campaign |url=http://irishphotoarchive.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/1962-Launching-of-Freedom-from-Hunger-Campaign/G0000.0KYCusKwn4/I0000x4.mNhV02qI/C0000XlyBdAqEurI |publisher=Irish Photo Archive |access-date=2026-03-08 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510113321/http://irishphotoarchive.photoshelter.com/gallery-image/1962-Launching-of-Freedom-from-Hunger-Campaign/G0000.0KYCusKwn4/I0000x4.mNhV02qI/C0000XlyBdAqEurI |url-status=dead }}</ref> A shekarar 1956 aka buɗe wani abin tunawa da 1916 a Limerick. Albert Power ne ya tsara shi, kuma aka gudanar da bikin tunawa da tashin matattu a watan Mayu na 1956, sannan de Barra ya buɗe abin tunawa. <ref name="Commons">{{Cite web |title=1916 Memorial |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1916_Memorial}}</ref> A shekarar 1963, an ba de Barra digirin girmamawa daga Kwalejin Jami'ar Dublin tare da Éamon de Valera da sauransu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 July 1963 |title=Frederick C. Lindvall, William McCausland Stewart, Rev. Paul Henry SJ, Michael Tierney, Seán MacEntee, Éamon de Valera, Leslie de Barra and Emmanuel C. Amoroso at the presentation of honorary degrees, Iveagh House, Dublin |url=https://digital.ucd.ie/view/ivrla:34720 |publisher=University COllege Dublin |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-date=18 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918124105/https://digital.ucd.ie/view/ivrla:34720 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A cikin 1971 ta kasance cikin jerin shirye-shirye don waiwaya kan abubuwan da suka haifar da 'Yancin Irish kuma Raidió Teilifís Éireann ne ya watsa labarinta <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 1971 |title=Women of the Revolution: Leslie de Barra of Cumann na mBan |url=http://www.rte.ie/archives/2014/0409/607504-remembering-leslie-de-barra-of-cumann-na-mban/ |publisher=RTÉ}}</ref> A shekarar 1979 ta lashe lambar yabo ta Henry Dunant wacce ita ce babbar lambar yabo ta kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross. <ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Henry Dunant Medal Winners and their National Societies |url=http://standcom.ch/past-winners/ |publisher=Standing commission of the Red Cross and Red Crescent}}</ref> De Barra da mijinta sun zauna a Cork, a kan titin St Patrick tun daga shekarun 1940 har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1980. Ta mutu a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 1984 a Cork kuma an binne ta tare da mijinta a St Finbarr's. Ana tunawa da ita a yau a gasar Leslie Bean de Barra Trophy da aka ba wa Mai Kula da Yankin Cork na Shekara. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1984]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0tu3syxth2udvbp1bsm16v2nq0cu0b3 0 144111 828207 805931 2026-05-01T00:54:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth 'Lily' O'Brennan''' (20 ga Agusta 1878 - 31 ga Mayu 1948), 'yar jam'iyyar Republican ce ta Ireland, marubuciya kuma marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo. == Bayani == An haifi O'Brennan a Summer Street, Dublin, 'ya ta uku ga Francis Brennan, mai sayar da gwanjo, da Elizabeth Anne Butler. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Genealogy |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/birth_returns/births_1878/02954/2082206.pdf |website=civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie |language=en}}</ref> Iyali ne na ƙasa kuma daga baya sun ƙara ƙarin sunan 'O'. 'Yar uwarta Áine O'Brennan ta auri Éamonn Ceannt, kuma wata 'yar uwarta Kathleen O'Brennan ta zama marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo da 'yar jarida. Mahaifinta ya mutu a shekarar 1880, mahaifiyarta kuma a shekarar 1930. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Irish Genealogy |url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/images/deaths_returns/deaths_1880/06476/4863199.pdf |website=civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911 |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Dublin/Ushers_Quay/South_Dublin_Union/1303078/ |website=www.census.nationalarchives.ie |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Archives: Census of Ireland 1911 |url=http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Dublin/Pembroke_West/Shelbourne_Road/40700/ |website=www.census.nationalarchives.ie |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=1930 |title=Context: Letter from Cumann na mBan to Lily O'Brennan... |url=http://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000585880/HierarchyTree |website=catalogue.nli.ie |language=en}}</ref> O'Brennan ta zama malamar makaranta kuma ta ba da gudummawa ga mujallun Irish da Amurka. Ta rubuta wani wasan kwaikwayo, ''May Eve a cikin Stephen's Green'', wanda aka shirya tare da Máire Nic Shiubhlaigh kuma ta yi wasa a Father Mathew Hall, Church Street, Dublin a 1912; an yi wahayi zuwa gare shi daga mutum-mutumin James Clarence Mangan a cikin St Stephen's Green . Wasan kwaikwayon ya sami kyakkyawan bita. <ref name="dib">{{Cite web |title=O'Brennan, Elizabeth (‘Lily’), ''The Dictionary of Irish Biography'' |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/obrennan-elizabeth-lily-a6449}}</ref> == Kishin ƙasa == O'Brennan ta halarci taron farko na Cumann na mBan, wanda aka gudanar a Otal ɗin Wynn, Dublin, kuma memba ne na reshenta na tsakiya. Lokacin da Cumann na mBan ya rabu saboda fara [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya,]] O'Brennan ta goyi bayan shawarar yin aikin sa kai tare da Turawan Birtaniya. 'Yan'uwa mata biyu sun shiga cikin shirin tashin Ista . O'Brennan ta sayi kera tutar don Bataliya ta 4 ta 'Yan Sa-kai na Irish kuma ta yi kayan agaji na farko. Ita da 'yar uwarta, Áine Ceannt, sun taimaka wajen haɗa kayan aiki kuma ta ɗauki kayan aiki zuwa ga Éamonn Ceannt, surukinta. Kamar mutane da yawa, ta gano cewa ana ci gaba da tattara kayan aikin a daren da ya gabata. <ref name="dib"/> <ref name="RTÉ">{{Cite web |title=The Men & Women of 1916: The Rebels Part 2 {{!}} Century Ireland |url=https://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/index.php/articles/the-men-women-of-1916-the-rebels-part-2 |website=www.rte.ie |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2016 |title='Voices of the Rising', an NLI podcast series - DHR Communications |url=http://www.dhr.ie/voices-rising-nli-podcast-series/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813143822/http://www.dhr.ie/voices-rising-nli-podcast-series/ |archive-date=13 August 2018 |access-date=13 August 2018 |website=DHR Communications}}</ref> An tura O'Brennan zuwa wurin sarrafa giya na Marrowbone Lane a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Con Colbert kuma ta ci gaba da zama a can duk tsawon mako. [1] An kama ta tare da sojojin da ke wurin kuma an tsare ta a Richmond Barracks da Kilmainham Gaol . Ranar da aka sake ta ita ce ranar da aka kashe surukinta, 8 ga Mayu 1916. O'Brennan ta yi aiki a matsayin magatakarda na Ƙungiyar Agajin Gaggawa ta Ƙasa daga baya ta Asusun Masu Daukaka Fursunoni da kuma gano da kuma yin alama ga kaburburan waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin tashin matattu. [2] [3] [4] [5] Bayan Tashi daga mulki, a ƙarshen 1917, O'Brennan ta shiga cikin zartarwar Cumann na mBan, kuma ta kasance memba na zartarwar Sinn Féin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=The National |title=The Discovery Service |url=http://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C9740491 |website=discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref> A shekarar 1918 ta ɗauki sabbin membobi a duk faɗin Longford da Wicklow . O'Brennan tana ɗaya daga cikin sakatarorin wakilai biyu na tawagar yarjejeniyar 1921. [[Mary MacSwiney]] ta gabatar da shawarar a naɗa O'Brennan a matsayin mai cikakken iko a tattaunawar amma ana tsammanin ta "tana da tsauri sosai". Ta zauna a 22 Hans Place, Brompton, London kuma ta yi aiki ga Arthur Griffith a matsayin sakatarensa na wani lokaci a 1922. Duk da kasancewarta ɓangare na ƙungiyar Yarjejeniyar, O'Brennan tana gefen Anti-yarjejeniya a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa . Ta yi aiki a ma'aikatan hedikwatar Republican, sakatare ga Erskine Childers . An kama ta a can a watan Nuwamba 1922 aka kuma tsare ta a gidan yarin Mountjoy, sannan aka mayar da ita Kilmainham a ranar 6 ga Fabrairu 1923 inda ta yi watanni uku. A wannan lokacin ta shiga yajin cin abinci na Irish na 1923. A can ne ta shirya bikin cika shekaru 7 na zagayowar Ista. A watan Mayu 1923 aka tura ta zuwa Arewacin Dublin Union, inda ta shiga cikin wani yunƙurin tserewa da bai yi nasara ba. Duk da haka, an sake ta 'yan makonni bayan haka. <ref name="dib"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Truce July 1921 - General Michael Collins |url=http://www.generalmichaelcollins.com/life-times/rebellion/truce-july-1921/ |website=www.generalmichaelcollins.com}}</ref> <ref name="RTÉ"/> O'Brennan ta rubuta wani labari, ta amfani da sunan barkwanci mai suna 'Esther Graham', mai taken ''The Call to Arms: a tale of the land league'' (1929). Ta kasance memba a cikin [[Catholic Writers Guild|ƙungiyar marubutan Katolika]] a 1947. <ref>{{Cite web |title=O'Brennan, Elizabeth ('Lily') {{!}} Dictionary of Irish Biography |url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/obrennan-elizabeth-lily-a6449 |access-date=2021-12-20 |website=www.dib.ie}}</ref> O'Brennan tana zaune a Churchtown, Dundrum, County Dublin. Ta mutu a ranar 31 ga Mayu 1948 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Deansgrange . <ref name="dib"/> <ref name="RTÉ"/> Takardun karatunta suna cikin Taskar Tarihi na Kwalejin Jami'a ta Dublin . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Collection - UCD Archives |url=https://www.ucd.ie/archives/collections/depositedcollections/items/collectionname,235257,en.html#accordion2 |website=www.ucd.ie }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Manazarta == iy4eyscdswdf2bcqa57c54xwx2s7zy6 0 144269 828244 806446 2026-05-01T06:12:06Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dame Lynn Faith Gladden''' (an haife ta a ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1961) ita ce Farfesa ta Shell a fannin Injiniyan Chemical a Jami'ar Cambridge . Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin shugaban majalisa don bincike daga 2010 zuwa 2016. <ref name="cam">{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |title=Professor Lynn Gladden CBE, FRS, FREng |url=https://www.ceb.cam.ac.uk/directory/lynn-gladden |website=cam.ac.uk |publisher=University of Cambridge}}</ref> An zabi Gladden a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Kasa a cikin 2015 don gudummawa ga injiniyan sinadarai ta hanyar takamaiman aikace-aikacen hoto na magnetic resonance. A lokacin Oktoba 2018 zuwa Yuni 2023 ta kasance shugabar zartarwa a EPSRC . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Lynn Gladden selected as Executive Chair of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/professor-lynn-gladden-selected-as-executive-chair-of-the-engineering-and-physical-sciences-research-council |access-date=13 December 2018}}</ref> == Ayyuka da bincike == Gladden ta fara aikinta a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Cambridge daga 1987 zuwa 1991.[1] An nada ta a matsayin mai karatu daga 1995 zuwa 1999, lokacin da aka inganta ta zuwa farfesa. [1] Ta kasance shugabar Sashen Injiniyan Chemical da Biotechnology, Jami'ar Cambridge har zuwa 1 ga Oktoba 2010. Ta kuma kasance mataimakiyar shugaban majalisa daga 1 ga Janairun 2010 har zuwa 1 ga Janairu 2016. [2] kuma ya kasance Fellow na Kwalejin Trinity, Cambridge tun 1999 . [3][4] Gladden shine jagorar mai bincike a cibiyar binciken Magnetic resonance (MRRC) ta jami'ar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cheng |first=C. F. |last2=He |first2=H. |last3=Zhou |first3=W. |last4=Klinowski |first4=J. |last5=Gonçalves |first5=J. A. S. |last6=Gladden |first6=L. F. |year=1996 |title=Synthesis and Characterization of the Gallosilicate Mesoporous Molecular Sieve MCM-41 |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry |volume=100 |pages=390–396 |doi=10.1021/jp952410t}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Johnson |first=B. F. G. |last2=Raynor |first2=S. A. |last3=Shephard |first3=D. S. |last4=Mashmeyer |first4=T. |last5=Mashmeyer |first5=T. |last6=Thomas |first6=J. M. |last7=Sankar |first7=G. |last8=Bromley |first8=S. |last9=Oldroyd |first9=R. |last10=Gladden |first10=L. |last11=Mantle |first11=M. D. |year=1999 |title=Superior performance of a chiral catalyst confined within mesoporous silica |journal=Chemical Communications |issue=13 |pages=1167–1168 |doi=10.1039/A902441G}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Manz |first=B. |last2=Gladden |first2=L. F. |last3=Warren |first3=P. B. |year=1999 |title=Flow and dispersion in porous media: Lattice-Boltzmann and NMR studies |journal=AIChE Journal |volume=45 |issue=9 |pages=1845 |bibcode=1999AIChE..45.1845M |doi=10.1002/aic.690450902}}</ref> Ita ce shugabar kwamitin yanke hukunci na Kyautar Sarauniya Elizabeth don Injiniya. An nada Gladden a matsayin wanda ba babban darakta na Burtaniya ba a watan Maris na shekara ta 2015. <ref name="britishlandboard">{{Cite web |title=Board of Directors |url=http://www.britishland.com/about-us/our-management/board-of-directors |access-date=8 October 2017 |website=British Land }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Daraja da kyaututtuka === Ita 'yar Chartered Chemist ce kuma Injiniya mai Chartered, Fellow na Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Chemical kuma Fellow na Institute of Physics (FInstP) kuma Fellow ne na Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC). <ref name="EPSRC">[ep EPSRC Biographies] {{Cite web |title=Lynn Gladden |url=http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/Content/Documents/Biographies/LynnFGladden.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204172959/http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/Content/Documents/Biographies/LynnFGladden.htm |archive-date=4 December 2009 |access-date=30 December 2009}} Lynn Gladden</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1961]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] falk3y43c27t1tu1pww7madc9rchw8e 0 144364 828105 806636 2026-04-30T18:42:20Z BnHamid 12586 828105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ruth Marion Lynden-Bell''', FRS (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 1937) masanin kimiyyar Burtaniya ce, farfesa mai daraja a Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast da Jami'ar Cambridge, kuma mukaddashin Shugaban Kwalejin Murray Edwards, Cambridge daga shekara ta 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2013. Ruth Lynden-Bell ta fara karatunta a makarantar sakandare ta King Edward VI don 'yan mata, Birmingham . Daga baya ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge (BA 1959, PhD 1962) kuma ta yi karatu karkashin Norman Sheppard . Ta yi karatu a takaice a karkashin jagorancin Harden M. McConnell a Cibiyar Fasaha ta California a 1961. [1] Daga nan sai ta zama malami a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Sussex a shekarar 1965, kuma ta koma Cambridge a shekarar 1972.[2] A shekara ta 1995, ta koma Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast a matsayin co-kafa kungiyar Atomistic Simulation Group (yanzu Cibiyar Atomistic). An zabe ta a cikin Royal Society a shekara ta 2006 kuma an ba ta lambar yabo ta Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship a shekara ta 2003. == Bincike == Lynden-Bell yayi bincike<ref name="googlescholar">{{Cite web |title=Google Scholar |url=https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?q=ruth+lynden+bell}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Del Pópolo |first=M. G. |last2=Lynden-Bell |first2=R. M. |author-link2=Ruth Lynden-Bell |last3=Kohanoff |first3=J. |year=2005 |title=Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B |volume=109 |issue=12 |pages=5895–5902 |doi=10.1021/jp044414g |pmid=16851642}}</ref>[3] simulation na atomatik don bincika kaddarorin ruwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lynden-Bell |first=R. M. |author-link=Ruth Lynden-Bell |last2=Del Pópolo |first2=M. G. |last3=Youngs |first3=T. G. A. |last4=Kohanoff |first4=J. |last5=Hanke |first5=C. G. |last6=Harper |first6=J. B. |last7=Pinilla |first7=C. C. |year=2007 |title=Simulations of Ionic Liquids, Solutions, and Surfaces |url=https://pure.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/500048/ar700065s.pdf |journal=Accounts of Chemical Research |volume=40 |issue=11 |pages=1138–1145 |doi=10.1021/ar700065s |pmid=17914887 |s2cid=2958411}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pinilla |first=C. |last2=Del Pópolo |first2=M. G. |last3=Lynden-Bell |first3=R. M. |author-link3=Ruth Lynden-Bell |last4=Kohanoff |first4=J. |year=2005 |title=Structure and Dynamics of a Confined Ionic Liquid. Topics of Relevance to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B |volume=109 |issue=38 |pages=17922–17927 |doi=10.1021/jp052999o |pmid=16853300}}</ref> Ita 'yar Emerita Fellow ce ta New Hall, Cambridge (yanzu Kwalejin Murray Edwards, Cambridge), kuma ta kasance Mataimakiyar Kwalejin Newnham, Cambridge . Ta kasance mukaddashin Shugabar Kwalejin Murray Edwards daga Janairu zuwa Disamba 2012. Ta yi aiki a kan allon edita na Journal of Chemical Physics, Chemical Physica Letters and Science kuma ta kasance edita na Molecular Physics daga 1998 zuwa 2003, tare da kasancewa memba na Kwamitin Zabe zuwa matsayi na Farfesa a Sweden, Jamhuriyar Ireland, da Jami'o'in Oxford da Cambridge. Ta kasance Farfesa a Makarantar Lissafi da Physics a Sarauniya kuma har yanzu tana aiki tare a kan bincike. == Rayuwa ta mutum == Ita 'yar David ce da Priscilla Truscott . Priscilla 'yar'uwar Francis Skinner ce. Lynden-Bell ta auri masanin taurari Donald Lynden'Bell a 1961, sannan mai bincike a Caltech; ta bi shi a California, sannan ta koma tare da shi zuwa Cambridge a 1962, zuwa Sussex a 1964, sannan ta koma Cambridge a 1972. Suna da ɗa ɗaya da 'yar ɗaya. Ruth Lynden-Bell ta haifi ɗanta na farko yayin da take Jami'ar Sussex tana koyarwa a matsayi na rabin lokaci. Ta gano cewa kasancewa mai gwajin kimiyyar spectroscopic ya dace da tsammanin ta a matsayin uwa. Shawararta ga mata a fagen ita ce: 1. ) "kada ku ji tsoron neman abubuwa kamar aikin ɗan lokaci. Baya ga aikin Belfast, duk wani aiki da na samu ta hanyar neman shi", da kuma 2. ) "lokacin da dama ta taso ta dauki su, ya cancanci gwadawa. " <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Women in Chemistry, Ruth Lynden-Bell {{!}} Department of Chemistry |url=https://www.ch.cam.ac.uk/page/women-chemistry-ruth-lynden-bell |access-date=2018-08-07 |website=www.ch.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ban taɓa tunanin zuwa Belfast ba". Rayuwar sana'a da rayuwar sirri ta Lynden-Bell an nuna ta a cikin littafin Royal Society of Chemistry Parent Carer Scientist . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Women in Chemistry, Ruth Lynden-Bell {{!}} Department of Chemistry |url=https://www.ch.cam.ac.uk/page/women-chemistry-ruth-lynden-bell |access-date=2018-08-07 |website=www.ch.cam.ac.uk |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.ch.cam.ac.uk/page/women-chemistry-ruth-lynden-bell "Women in Chemistry, Ruth Lynden-Bell | Department of Chemistry"]. </cite></ref> == Kyaututtuka == Ta sami digiri na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Sarauniya ta Belfast a shekara ta 2009 kuma an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society a shekara ta 2006. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1937]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mfcb769ecvztdqzr5t0hfihh05nqs7q 0 144604 828114 807263 2026-04-30T18:45:40Z BnHamid 12586 828114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{fassara}} '''Lalita Ramakrishnan''' (born 1959) is an Indian-born American microbiologist who is known for her contributions to the understanding of the biological mechanism of [[Tarin fuka|tuberculosis]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Anon |year=2013 |title=An interview with Lalita Ramakrishnan |journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences |volume=34 |issue=4 |page=197 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2013.02.005 |pmid=23566316}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Awardee Profile - Lalita Ramakrishnan {{!}} Burroughs Wellcome Fund |url=http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601010321/http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-date=1 June 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=bwfund.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Principal Research Fellows |url=http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/Funding/Biomedical-science/Funded-projects/Awards-made/Wellcome-Fellows/WTD003260.htm |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=wellcome.ac.uk |publisher=[[Wellcome Trust]]}}</ref> {{As of|2019|}} she serves as a professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Cambridge, where she is also a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and a practicing physician.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sheffield |first=University of |title=Professor Lalita Ramakrishnan - Faculty Events - Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health - Faculties - The University of Sheffield |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/faculty/medicine-dentistry-health/facultyevents/ramakrishnan-1.415634 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=sheffield.ac.uk}}</ref> Her research is conducted at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (MRC LMB), where she serves as the Head of the Molecular Immunity Unit of the Department of Medicine embedded at the MRC LMB. Working with Stanley Falkow at Stanford, she developed the strategy of using ''Mycobacterium marinum'' infection as a model for tuberculosis.<ref name=":2" /> Her work has appeared in a number of journals, including ''Science'', ''Nature'', and ''Cell''.<ref name=":1" /> In 2018 and 2019 Ramakrishnan coauthored two influential papers<ref name="NYT">{{Cite journal |last=McNeil |first=Donald G. Jr. |date=20 September 2018 |title='Latent' tuberculosis? It's not that common, experts find |journal=The New York Times}}</ref> in the ''British Medical Journal'' (BMJ) arguing that the widely accepted estimates of the prevalence of latent tuberculosis—estimates used as a basis for allocation of research funds—are far too high.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=Behr |first=Marcel A. |last2=Edelstein |first2=Paul H. |last3=Ramakrishnan |first3=Lalita |date=2019-10-24 |title=Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection life long? |url= |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=367 |doi=10.1136/bmj.l5770 |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=6812595 |pmid=31649096}}</ref> She is married to Mark Troll, a physical chemist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2009/ramakrishnan/biographical/ |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chidan |first=Rajghatta |date=Oct 9, 2009 |title=Venkatraman Ramakrishnan: Science bonds Nobel winner Venky's family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/science-bonds-nobel-winner-venkys-family/articleshow/5104134.cms |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Ramakrishnan a shekara ta 1959 a Baroda (yanzu Vadodara) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Venkatraman Ramakrishnan - Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2009/ramakrishnan-bio.html |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=www.nobelprize.org}}</ref> kuma ya girma a can. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Northwest Association for Biomedical Research |url=https://www.nwabr.org/sites/default/files/pagefiles/AdvMicrobiologist.pdf |website= |publisher=}}</ref> Iyayenta duka masana kimiyya ne kamar yadda ɗan'uwanta, mai cin nasarar Nobel Venki Ramakrishnan yake. Lokacin da Ramakrishnan take yarinya, mahaifiyarta tana da tarin fuka sau uku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Anon |year=2013 |title=An interview with Lalita Ramakrishnan |journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences |volume=34 |issue=4 |page=197 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2013.02.005 |pmid=23566316}}</ref> A matsayinsa na dalibi na makarantar sakandare, Ramakrishnan ya yi fice a lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Anon |year=2013 |title=An interview with Lalita Ramakrishnan |journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences |volume=34 |issue=4 |page=197 |doi=10.1016/j.tips.2013.02.005 |pmid=23566316}}</ref> Ramakrishnan ta fara halartar makarantar likita tana da shekaru 17, wanda "ba abu ne mai ban mamaki a [[Indiya]] ba, inda horo na musamman ya fara jim kadan bayan makarantar sakandare. " A shekara ta 1983, ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko na likita a Vadodara <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Awardee Profile - Lalita Ramakrishnan {{!}} Burroughs Wellcome Fund |url=http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601010321/http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-date=1 June 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=bwfund.org}}</ref> daga Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Baroda . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=About {{!}} Lalita Ramakrishnan Lab |url=http://depts.washington.edu/ramakris/lab/content/about |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref><ref name="immunology.org">{{Cite web |title=- BSI Inflammation Affinity Group Speakers Bio - Lalita Ramakrishnan - British Society for Immunology |url=https://www.immunology.org/events--meetings/regional--affinity-group-meetings/regional-events-/mig/--bsi-inflammation-affinity-group-speakers-bio---lalita-ramakrishnan- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602233735/https://www.immunology.org/events--meetings/regional--affinity-group-meetings/regional-events-/mig/--bsi-inflammation-affinity-group-speakers-bio---lalita-ramakrishnan- |archive-date=2 June 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=immunology.org}}</ref> Bayan ya dauki wani zaɓi a cikin ilimin rigakafi mai zurfi, Ramakrishnan ya yanke shawarar nazarin ilimin rigakafin. A shekara ta 1990, ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Tufts tare da PhD a cikin Immunology . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=About {{!}} Lalita Ramakrishnan Lab |url=http://depts.washington.edu/ramakris/lab/content/about |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref> Daga nan sai ta zama ta farko da ta kammala karatun digiri na farko na shirin zama na likita a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Tufts-New England . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Awardee Profile - Lalita Ramakrishnan {{!}} Burroughs Wellcome Fund |url=http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601010321/http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-date=1 June 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=bwfund.org}}</ref> Bayan kammala zumunci a cikin Cututtukan Cututtuka a Jami'ar California a asibitocin San Francisco, gami da Babban Asibitin San Francisco (yanzu Babban Asibityar Zuckerberg San Francisco da Cibiyar Trauma), Ramakrishnan ta kammala aikin postdoctoral a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Stanley Falkow a Jami'an Stanford, inda ta haɓaka dabarun amfani da kamuwa da ''Mycobacterium marinum'' a cikin zebrafish a matsayin abin koyi ga [[tarin fuka]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center (ZSFG) {{!}} San Francisco Level 1 Trauma Center |url=https://zuckerbergsanfranciscogeneral.org/ |access-date=2019-10-25 |website=zuckerbergsanfranciscogeneral.org |publisher=Zuckerberg San Francisco General |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sheffield |first=University of |title=Professor Lalita Ramakrishnan - Faculty Events - Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health - Faculties - The University of Sheffield |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/faculty/medicine-dentistry-health/facultyevents/ramakrishnan-1.415634 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=sheffield.ac.uk}}</ref> == Ayyuka da bincike == A shekara ta 2001, Ramakrishnan ta shiga bangaren koyarwa na Jami'ar Washington, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sheffield |first=University of |title=Professor Lalita Ramakrishnan - Faculty Events - Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health - Faculties - The University of Sheffield |url=https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/faculty/medicine-dentistry-health/facultyevents/ramakrishnan-1.415634 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=sheffield.ac.uk}}</ref> inda ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin kimiyya na asali da likitan cututtukan cututtuka. Yayinda take a Jami'ar Washington, ta fara nazarin tarin fuka a cikin kifi a matsayin kusanci da tarin fuka. Wannan dabarar ta haifar da sabon fahimtar ilimin halitta game da yadda cutar ke tasowa. Zebrafish larvae suna bayyane kuma suna ba da kansu ga sarrafa ''Kwayar halitta.''; ta hanyar kamuwa da su da kwayar cutar ta halitta, ''Mycobacterium marinum'', kwayar cuta da ke haifar da tarin fuka a cikin kifi kuma dangi ne na kusa da kwayar cute da ke haifar le tarin fuka, za ta iya bin diddigin kamuwa da cuta yayin sarrafa kwayoyin halitta na duka larvae da kwayoyin cuta. Wannan tsarin "ya ba da damar cikakken rarraba tsarin granuloma" <ref name=":2" /> (granuloma tsari ne na tsarin rigakafi wanda ya kunshi ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda ake kira macrophages, wanda ke cinye kwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin kasashen waje). A shekara ta 2010, Ramakrishnan shine babban marubucin binciken da aka buga a matsayin labarin murfin Cell.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Researchers discover gene that affects susceptibility to TB and clues to how it works {{!}} (e) Science News |url=http://esciencenews.com/articles/2010/03/04/researchers.discover.gene.affects.susceptibility.tb.and.clues.how.it.works |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=esciencenews.com}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 2014, Ramakrishnan ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na Jami'ar Cambridge a matsayin babban mai bincike na Wellcome Trust da Farfesa na Immunology da Cututtukan Cututtuka. Aiki a Seattle, kuma daga baya a Cambridge, ya haifar da gano bayanan kwayoyin da na salula na hulɗar mycobacterial da mai karɓar bakuncin a kowane mataki na kamuwa da cuta. Wannan ya samar da mahimman bayanai waɗanda ke ba da shawarar sabbin hanyoyin magance tarin fuka. Ramakrishnan da ƙungiyar bincikenta sun nuna cewa lipids guda biyu (wani nau'in kwayar mai) a saman mycobacteria suna aiki tare don ba da damar ƙwayoyin cuta su fara kauce wa macrophages wanda zai kashe su kuma a maimakon haka shiga macrophaxes wanda ke ba su wuri don girma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cambier |first=C. J. |last2=O'Leary |first2=Seónadh M. |last3=O'Sullivan |first3=Mary P. |last4=Keane |first4=Joseph |last5=Ramakrishnan |first5=Lalita |date=September 19, 2017 |title=Phenolic Glycolipid Facilitates Mycobacterial Escape from Microbicidal Tissue-Resident Macrophages |journal=Immunity |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=552–565.e4 |doi=10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.003 |issn=1097-4180 |pmc=5610147 |pmid=28844797}}</ref> Ta gano cewa ƙwayoyin cuta suna motsawa wajen samar da granulomas wanda ke ba su tashar jiragen ruwa mai aminci, sabanin rawar da granuloma ke takawa wajen kare mai masaukin daga ƙwayoyin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Conrad |first=William H. |last2=Osman |first2=Morwan M. |last3=Shanahan |first3=Jonathan K. |last4=Chu |first4=Frances |last5=Takaki |first5=Kevin K. |last6=Cameron |first6=James |last7=Hopkinson-Woolley |first7=Digby |last8=Brosch |first8=Roland |last9=Ramakrishnan |first9=Lalita |date=February 7, 2017 |title=Mycobacterial ESX-1 secretion system mediates host cell lysis through bacterium contact-dependent gross membrane disruptions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=114 |issue=6 |pages=1371–1376 |bibcode=2017PNAS..114.1371C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1620133114 |issn=1091-6490 |pmc=5307465 |pmid=28119503 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Daga baya macrophages masu kamuwa da cutar a cikin granulomas sun mutu, kuma wannan yana hanzarta ci Kayan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana inganta ci gaban cutar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tobin |first=David M. |last2=Vary |first2=Jay C. |last3=Ray |first3=John P. |last4=Walsh |first4=Gregory S. |last5=Dunstan |first5=Sarah J. |last6=Bang |first6=Nguyen D. |last7=Hagge |first7=Deanna A. |last8=Khadge |first8=Saraswoti |last9=King |first9=Mary-Claire |last10=Hawn |first10=Thomas R. |last11=Moens |first11=Cecilia B. |date=2010-03-05 |title=The lta4h locus modulates susceptibility to mycobacterial infection in zebrafish and humans |journal=Cell |volume=140 |issue=5 |pages=717–730 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.013 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=2907082 |pmid=20211140}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tobin |first=David M. |last2=Roca |first2=Francisco J. |last3=Oh |first3=Sungwhan F. |last4=McFarland |first4=Ross |last5=Vickery |first5=Thad W. |last6=Ray |first6=John P. |last7=Ko |first7=Dennis C. |last8=Zou |first8=Yuxia |last9=Bang |first9=Nguyen D. |last10=Chau |first10=Tran T. H. |last11=Vary |first11=Jay C. |date=2012-02-03 |title=Host genotype-specific therapies can optimize the inflammatory response to mycobacterial infections |journal=Cell |volume=148 |issue=3 |pages=434–446 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.023 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=3433720 |pmid=22304914}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tobin |first=David M. |last2=Roca |first2=Francisco J. |last3=Ray |first3=John P. |last4=Ko |first4=Dennis C. |last5=Ramakrishnan |first5=Lalita |date=2013 |title=An enzyme that inactivates the inflammatory mediator leukotriene b4 restricts mycobacterial infection |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=7 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...867828T |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0067828 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=3708926 |pmid=23874453 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thuong |first=Nguyen T. T. |last2=Heemskerk |first2=Dorothee |last3=Tram |first3=Trinh T. B. |last4=Thao |first4=Le T. P. |last5=Ramakrishnan |first5=Lalita |last6=Ha |first6=Vu T. N. |last7=Bang |first7=Nguyen D. |last8=Chau |first8=Tran T. H. |last9=Lan |first9=Nguyen H. |last10=Caws |first10=Maxine |last11=Dunstan |first11=Sarah J. |date=April 1, 2017 |title=Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase Genotype and HIV Infection Influence Intracerebral Inflammation and Survival From Tuberculous Meningitis |journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=215 |issue=7 |pages=1020–1028 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jix050 |issn=1537-6613 |pmc=5426373 |pmid=28419368}}</ref> Wadannan binciken sun haifar da magungunan da aka yi niyya da su wanda ke nuna alkawari ga marasa lafiya na tarin fuka. Ramakrishnan da ƙungiyarta sun magance matsalar haƙuri da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin tarin fuka, kuma sun sami magani wanda ke hana ci gaban juriya ga daidaitattun magungunan da aka yi amfani da su don magance cutar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=Kristin N. |last2=Takaki |first2=Kevin |last3=Connolly |first3=Lynn E. |last4=Wiedenhoft |first4=Heather |last5=Winglee |first5=Kathryn |last6=Humbert |first6=Olivier |last7=Edelstein |first7=Paul H. |last8=Cosma |first8=Christine L. |last9=Ramakrishnan |first9=Lalita |date=2011-04-01 |title=Drug tolerance in replicating mycobacteria mediated by a macrophage-induced efflux mechanism |journal=Cell |volume=145 |issue=1 |pages=39–53 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.022 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=3117281 |pmid=21376383}}</ref> Ramakrishnan daga baya ya yi amfani da zebrafish don nazarin [[kuturta]], wani cuta mai banƙyama tare da mummunar sakamako na jijiyoyi. Ta nuna cewa Mycobacterium leprae lipid yana haifar da lalacewar jijiya ta hanyar haifar da martani mara kyau a cikin macrophages.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Madigan |first=Cressida A. |last2=Cambier |first2=C. J. |last3=Kelly-Scumpia |first3=Kindra M. |last4=Scumpia |first4=Philip O. |last5=Cheng |first5=Tan-Yun |last6=Zailaa |first6=Joseph |last7=Bloom |first7=Barry R. |last8=Moody |first8=D. Branch |last9=Smale |first9=Stephen T. |last10=Sagasti |first10=Alvaro |last11=Modlin |first11=Robert L. |date=2017-08-24 |title=A Macrophage Response to Mycobacterium leprae Phenolic Glycolipid Initiates Nerve Damage in Leprosy |journal=Cell |volume=170 |issue=5 |pages=973–985.e10 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.030 |issn=1097-4172 |pmc=5848073 |pmid=28841420}}</ref> Baya ga binciken kimiyya na asali, Ramakrishnan, tare da Marcel Behr da Paul Edelstein, sun sake nazarin binciken game da manufar tarin fuka don sanin ko mutanen da suka kamu ''M. tarin fuka'' suna da kamuwa da cuta na tsawon rai wanda zai iya haifar da cuta a kowane lokaci mai zuwa. Wadannan binciken, dukansu an buga su a cikin British Medical Journal (BMJ), sun nuna cewa lokacin da tarin fuka ke da ɗan gajeren lokaci, yawanci a cikin watanni bayan kamuwa da cuta, kuma da wuya fiye da shekaru 2 bayan kamuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Behr |first=Marcel A. |last2=Edelstein |first2=Paul H. |last3=Ramakrishnan |first3=Lalita |date=August 23, 2018 |title=Revisiting the timetable of tuberculosis |journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) |volume=362 |doi=10.1136/bmj.k2738 |issn=1756-1833 |pmc=6105930 |pmid=30139910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Behr |first=Marcel A. |last2=Edelstein |first2=Paul H. |last3=Ramakrishnan |first3=Lalita |year=2024 |title=Rethinking the burden of latent tuberculosis to reprioritize research |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-024-01683-0#citeas |journal=Nature Microbiology |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=1157–1158 |doi=10.1038/s41564-024-01683-0 |pmid=38671272 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Sun kuma nuna cewa fiye da 90% na mutanen da suka kamu da cutar tarin fuka sama da shekaru biyu ba su taɓa kamuwa da tarin fuka ba koda kuwa tsarin rigakafin su ya lalace sosai.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=Behr |first=Marcel A. |last2=Edelstein |first2=Paul H. |last3=Ramakrishnan |first3=Lalita |date=2019-10-24 |title=Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection life long? |url= |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=367 |doi=10.1136/bmj.l5770 |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=6812595 |pmid=31649096}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi don kamuwa da tarin fuka kamar gwajin fata na tarin fuka da gwajin fitar da gamma na interferon (IGRA) kawai suna nuna kamuwa da cutar da ta gabata, tare da yawancin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar a baya ba za su iya kamuwa da kwayar cutar ba. Ramakrishnan ya gaya wa New York Times cewa masu bincike "sun kashe daruruwan miliyoyin daloli suna bin bayan jinkiri, amma duk ra'ayin cewa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na duniya sun kamu da tarin fuka ya dogara ne akan rashin fahimta. "<ref name="NYT">{{Cite journal |last=McNeil |first=Donald G. Jr. |date=20 September 2018 |title='Latent' tuberculosis? It's not that common, experts find |journal=The New York Times}}</ref> Labarin BMJ na farko game da jinkiri ya kasance tare da edita da Soumya Swaminathan, Mataimakin Darakta Janar na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya, wanda ya amince da binciken kuma ya yi kira ga ƙarin kudade na binciken tarin fuka da aka jagoranta a mafi yawan sassan duniya, maimakon mai da hankali ga ƙananan matsala da ke shafar ƙasashe masu arziki kawai.[1] Masu bincike da suka gabata sun yi gargadi game da "bomb din lokaci" na shari'ar tarin fuka a Amurka da sauran kasashe masu arziki waɗanda ya kamata su zama mai da hankali.[2] Ayyukan Ramakrishnan da abokan aikinta sun sanya shakku game da wannan gargadi. A rubuce-rubuce a cikin The Atlantic, 'yar jaridar kimiyya Katherine J. Wu ta yi sharhi cewa "ko da manyan hukumomi a duniya game da tarin fuka suna rarraba abin da ya kasance hikima ta al'ada".[3] === Kyaututtuka da girmamawa === An zabi Ramakrishnan a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Amurka a shekarar 2015. <ref name="immunology.org">{{Cite web |title=- BSI Inflammation Affinity Group Speakers Bio - Lalita Ramakrishnan - British Society for Immunology |url=https://www.immunology.org/events--meetings/regional--affinity-group-meetings/regional-events-/mig/--bsi-inflammation-affinity-group-speakers-bio---lalita-ramakrishnan- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602233735/https://www.immunology.org/events--meetings/regional--affinity-group-meetings/regional-events-/mig/--bsi-inflammation-affinity-group-speakers-bio---lalita-ramakrishnan- |archive-date=2 June 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=immunology.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=National Academy of Sciences Elects New Members for 2015 |url=http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/national-academy-of-sciences-elects-new-members-for/article_204ab4c4-f8dd-11e4-ba1e-0bc6e0c21771.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509060413/http://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/national-academy-of-sciences-elects-new-members-for/article_204ab4c4-f8dd-11e4-ba1e-0bc6e0c21771.html |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=India West}}</ref> Ta sami wasu kyaututtuka da yawa, ciki har da Kyautar Darakta ta Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa (NIH) da kuma Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigators a cikin Kyautar Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Awardee Profile - Lalita Ramakrishnan {{!}} Burroughs Wellcome Fund |url=http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601010321/http://www.bwfund.org/awardee-profile-lalita-ramakrishnan |archive-date=1 June 2016 |access-date=2016-04-24 |website=bwfund.org}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a cikin juri na Life Sciences don Kyautar Infosys a cikin 2016. A shekara ta 2018 an zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) da Fellow na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kiwon Lafiya (FMedSci). <ref name="frs">{{Cite web |title=Lalita Ramakrishnan |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/lalita-ramakrishnan-13835/ |website=royalsociety.org}}</ref><ref name="fmedsci">{{Cite web |title=New Fellows for 2018 announced |url=https://acmedsci.ac.uk/more/news/new-fellows-for-2018-announced |website=acmedsci.ac.uk |publisher=[[Academy of Medical Sciences]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Anon |date=2018 |title=Distinguished scientists elected as Fellows and Foreign Members of the Royal Society |url=https://royalsociety.org/news/2018/05/distinguished-scientists-elected-fellows-royal-society-2018/ |access-date=10 May 2018 |publisher=[[Royal Society]] |language=}}</ref> An sanya ta memba na European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) a cikin 2019.<ref name="membo">{{Cite web |last=EMBO |year=2019 |title=EMBO elects 56 new Members |url=https://www.embo.org/news/press-releases/2019/embo-elects-56-new-members |access-date=2019-10-25 |website=EMBO |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1959]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] fg3ozhx63cswszb21amwe4kjkhljy35 0 144742 828080 807636 2026-04-30T18:32:59Z BnHamid 12586 828080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Julia Mary Slingo''' DBE, FRS, HonFInstP <ref name="frs">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2015 |title=Professor Dame Julia Slingo DBE FRS |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/julia-slingo-12294 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119105823/https://royalsociety.org/people/julia-slingo-12294 |archive-date=19 November 2015 |publisher=royalsociety.org}}</ref> (née '''Walker'''; ''An haife ta'' 13 Disamba 1950) masanin ilimin yanayi ne na Burtaniya kuma [[Climatology|masanin kimiyyar yanayi]]. Ta kasance Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Ofishin Met daga 2009 har zuwa 2016, ta zama mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin. <ref name="BBC122013">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2013 |title=Met Office chief scientist becomes Dame in honours list |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25551588 |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date= |title=Met Office Chief Scientist: Professor Stephen Belcher |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/people/stephen-belcher |access-date=29 July 2021 |website= |publisher= |quote=}}</ref> Har ila yau, farfesa ce mai ziyara a Sashen Meteorology a Jami'ar Reading, inda ta rike, kafin a nada ta zuwa Ofishin Met, mukamin Darakta na Binciken Yanayi a Cibiyar Binciken Muhalli ta Kasa (NERC) Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Kasa kuma ta kafa darektan Cibiyar Walker don Binciken Tsarin Yanayi.<ref name="thelifescientific">{{Cite web |last=Jim Al-Khalili |author-link=Jim Al-Khalili |year=2014 |title=Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k |publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Slingo |first=J. M. |last2=Sperber |first2=K. R. |last3=Boyle |first3=J. S. |last4=Ceron |first4=J. -P. |last5=Dix |first5=M. |last6=Dugas |first6=B. |last7=Ebisuzaki |first7=W. |last8=Fyfe |first8=J. |last9=Gregory |first9=D. |last10=Gueremy |first10=J. -F. |last11=Hack |first11=J. |last12=Harzallah |first12=A. |last13=Inness |first13=P. |last14=Kitoh |first14=A. |last15=Lau |first15=W. K. -M. |year=1996 |title=Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject |journal=[[Climate Dynamics]] |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=325–357 |bibcode=1996ClDy...12..325S |doi=10.1007/BF00231106 |s2cid=17411665}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Annamalai |first=H. |last2=Slingo |first2=J. M. |last3=Sperber |first3=K. R. |last4=Hodges |first4=K. |year=1999 |title=The Mean Evolution and Variability of the Asian Summer Monsoon: Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP–NCAR Reanalyses |url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc793439/m2/1/high_res_d/8801.pdf |journal=[[Monthly Weather Review]] |volume=127 |issue=6 |pages=1157–1186 |bibcode=1999MWRv..127.1157A |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1157:TMEAVO>2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref>{{Official website}} of Julia Slingo</ref> Daga 2015 zuwa 2016 ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin membobin Babban Ƙungiyar Masu Ba da Shawara ta Kimiyya na Hukumar Tarayyar Turai, wani ɓangare na Babban Darakta don Bincike da Innovation.<ref name="EUSAM">{{Cite web |title=SAM High Level Group |url=http://ec.europa.eu/research/sam/index.cfm?pg=hlg |access-date=7 December 2016 |publisher=[[European Commission]]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Julia Mary Walker a ranar 13 ga Disamba 1950 a Kenilworth, Warwick . Ta yi karatu a King's High School for Girls, makarantar mata masu zaman kansu a Warwick.<ref name="BristolSlingo2">{{Cite web |title=Honorary Doctorate Citation, Bristol |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pace/graduation/honorary-degrees/hondeg10/slingo.html |access-date=23 February 2014 |publisher=University of Bristol}}</ref> Ta yi karatun kimiyyar lissafi a Jami'ar Bristol kuma ta kammala karatu tare da digiri na farko a fannin kimiyya a shekarar 1973. A shekara ta 1988, an ba ta digiri na Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) a wannan jami'ar. <ref name="BristolSlingo">{{Cite web |title=University of Bristol, Alumni and friends |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alumni/featured/global-change/slingo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101060154/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alumni/featured/global-change/slingo.html |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=31 December 2013 |publisher=University of Bristol}}</ref> == Ayyuka da bincike == Bayan digiri ta shiga Ofishin Met, inda ta zama Babban Masanin Kimiyya a sashin ilimin yanayi. Binciken da ta yi ya mayar da hankali kan girgije da hulɗarsu da sauran yanayi, kuma ta fara sababbin hanyoyi don wakiltar girgije a cikin hasashen yanayi da kuma yanayin yanayi.<ref name="thelifescientific">{{Cite web |last=Jim Al-Khalili |author-link=Jim Al-Khalili |year=2014 |title=Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k |publisher=BBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJim_Al-Khalili2014">[[Jim Al-Khalili]] (2014). [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k "Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific"]. London: BBC.</cite></ref><ref name="BristolSlingo2">{{Cite web |title=Honorary Doctorate Citation, Bristol |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pace/graduation/honorary-degrees/hondeg10/slingo.html |access-date=23 February 2014 |publisher=University of Bristol}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pace/graduation/honorary-degrees/hondeg10/slingo.html "Honorary Doctorate Citation, Bristol"]. University of Bristol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> A shekara ta 1985 ta bar Ofishin Met kuma, bayan shekara guda a Cibiyar Turai don Tsakanin Yanayi na Tsakiya (ECMWF) a Reading, Burtaniya, Dame Julia ta koma a 1986 zuwa [[Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Kasa]] (NCAR) a Amurka. Yayinda take NCAR an ba ta lambar yabo ta PhD a fannin kimiyyar yanayi daga Jami'ar Bristol, don rubutun da aka kammala ta hanyar jerin takardu da aka buga.<ref name="BristolSlingo2" /> A cikin 1990, Slingo ta koma Burtaniya, don shiga Sashen Meteorology a Jami'ar Reading, inda ta kafa ƙungiyar bincike kan yanayin zafi. Ta zama mai bincike a cikin canjin yanayi na wurare masu zafi da cumulus convection, tasirinsa a kan yanayin duniya, da rawar da yake takawa a cikin tsinkayen yanayi na yanayi da na shekaru goma, kuma ya jagoranci ci gaban sabon ƙarni na tsarin yanayi mai tsawo.<ref name="BristolSlingo2">{{Cite web |title=Honorary Doctorate Citation, Bristol |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pace/graduation/honorary-degrees/hondeg10/slingo.html |access-date=23 February 2014 |publisher=University of Bristol}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pace/graduation/honorary-degrees/hondeg10/slingo.html "Honorary Doctorate Citation, Bristol"]. University of Bristol<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Ta ci gaba da sha'awar ruwan sama na Indiya da China, tana aiki tare da masana kimiyya a kasashen biyu. Kwanan nan, ta kuma kasance tana binciken tasirin canje-canje akan albarkatun ruwa da samar da amfanin gona, da kuma buƙatar wakiltar sake zagayowar ruwa a cikin samfuran yanayi.<ref name="BristolSlingo2" /> Yayinda yake a Reading Dame Julia ya zama Farfesa mace ta farko a fannin Meteorology a Burtaniya, kuma an nada shi a matsayin jagora a cikin al'ummar kimiyyar yanayi ta Burtaniya na Darakta na Binciken Yanayi a Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta [[Kwamitin Binciken Muhalli na Halitta|NERC]] (NCAS). A shekara ta 2006 ta kafa Cibiyar Walker don Binciken Tsarin Yanayi a Karatu, da nufin magance kalubalen horo na canjin yanayi da tasirin sa. A matsayinsa na Babban Masanin Kimiyya a Ofishin Met, Slingo yana da alhakin samar da dabarun kimiyya da fasaha, tabbatar da cewa kungiyar ta bi ka'idojin kimiyya da fasaha masu kyau, da kuma jagorantar da gudanar da bincike da ci gaba a cikin Ofishin Met. Ta kuma wakilci Ofishin kan kimiyya da fasaha a duk fadin gwamnati. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2012, Slingo ya ce raguwar kankara na teku na Arctic wanda ya haifar da canjin yanayi yana iya danganta da yanayin sanyi da bushewar hunturu a Burtaniya. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2014, ta ce canjin yanayi na iya zama wani abu a cikin guguwa da ambaliyar ruwa da Burtaniya ke fuskanta na watanni da yawa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2014 |title=Met Office: Evidence 'suggests climate change link to storms' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-26084625 |publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Slingo, J. |display-authors=etal |year=2014 |title=The recent storms and floods in the UK, Met Office, and Centre for Ecology and Hydrology report |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/n/i/Recent_Storms_Briefing_Final_07023.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004714/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/media/pdf/n/i/Recent_Storms_Briefing_Final_07023.pdf |archive-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=metoffice.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Huntingford, C. |display-authors=etal |date=September 2014 |title=Potential influences in the United Kingdom's floods of winter 2013/14 |journal=[[Nature Climate Change]] |volume=4 |issue=9 |pages=769–77 |bibcode=2014NatCC...4..769H |doi=10.1038/NCLIMATE2314}}</ref> Cibiyar Nazarin Muhalli ta Halitta (NERC) ce ta ba da kuɗin bincikenta.<ref name="gtr">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2017 |title=UK Government Grants awarded to Julia Mary Slingo |url=http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/8F2964D5-25A9-4984-A498-012C3350A3F2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170411091157/http://gtr.rcuk.ac.uk/person/8F2964D5-25A9-4984-A498-012C3350A3F2 |archive-date=11 April 2017 |website=rcuk.ac.uk |publisher=[[Research Councils UK]]}}</ref> === Daraja da kyaututtuka === An nada Slingo a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|Jami'in Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) a cikin 2008 don hidimomi ga kimiyyar muhalli da yanayi.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Queen's Birthday Honours: Full list |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/queens-birthday-honours-full-list-846831.html |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> An ci gaba da ita zuwa Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) a cikin 2014 New Year Honours don hidimomi ga yanayin yanayi da kimiyyar yanayi. An ba Slingo kyautar Buchan na Royal Meteorological Society a shekarar 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RMS Buchan Prize Holders |url=http://www.rmets.org/our-activities/awards/buchan-prize |access-date=23 February 2014 |publisher=Royal Meteorological Society}}</ref> Jami'ar Bristol ta ba ta digiri na girmamawa na likita na kimiyya a shekara ta 2010, da Jami'ar Reading a shekara ta 2011. <ref name="BristolSlingo">{{Cite web |title=University of Bristol, Alumni and friends |url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alumni/featured/global-change/slingo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101060154/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alumni/featured/global-change/slingo.html |archive-date=1 January 2014 |access-date=31 December 2013 |publisher=University of Bristol}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140101060154/http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alumni/featured/global-change/slingo.html "University of Bristol, Alumni and friends"]. University of Bristol. Archived from [http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alumni/featured/global-change/slingo.html the original] on 1 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="ReadingSlingo">{{Cite web |title=University of Reading Honorary Graduates |url=http://www.reading.ac.uk/Graduation/graduates/grad-honorarygraduates.aspx |access-date=23 February 2014 |publisher=University of Reading}}</ref> A shekara ta 2022 Jami'ar Bristol ta sake girmama ta, inda ta lashe lambar yabo ta Alumni don Rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Asli |date=30 May 2022 |title=2022 Alumni Award winner for Lifetime Achievement: Professor Dame Julia Slingo FRS OBE (BSc 1973, PhD 1989, Hon DSc 2010) |url=https://alumni.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/2022/05/30/2022-alumni-award-winner-for-lifetime-achievement-professor-dame-julia-slingo-obe-bsc-1973-phd-1989-hon-dsc-2010/ |access-date=2022-07-05 |website=Alumni Blog |language=en-GB}}</ref> A cikin 2014, Majalisar Kimiyya ta kira Slingo daya daga cikin manyan masana kimiyya 100 na Burtaniya.[1] An kuma zabe ta Fellow na Royal Society (FRS) a shekarar 2015. [2] A wannan shekarar an ba ta lambar yabo ta Ƙungiyar Meteorological ta Duniya daga Ƙungiyar Meteerological ta Duniya . [3] An zabi Slingo a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Injiniya ta Amurka a cikin 2016 "Don gudummawa ga tsara tsarin yanayi na Duniya da kuma jagoranci a cikin yanayi da yanayin yanayi".[4] Slingo ita ce mace ta farko a fannin ilimin yanayi a Burtaniya. A shekara ta 2008, ta zama mace ta farko Shugaba na Royal Meteorological Society . <ref name="BBC122013">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2013 |title=Met Office chief scientist becomes Dame in honours list |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25551588 |publisher=BBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAnon2013">Anon (2013). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25551588 "Met Office chief scientist becomes Dame in honours list"]. London: BBC.</cite></ref> Jim Al-Khalili ya yi mata tambayoyi a kan The Life Scientific a shekarar 2014. <ref name="thelifescientific">{{Cite web |last=Jim Al-Khalili |author-link=Jim Al-Khalili |year=2014 |title=Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k |publisher=BBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJim_Al-Khalili2014">[[Jim Al-Khalili]] (2014). [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k "Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific"]. London: BBC.</cite></ref> An ba ta lambar yabo ta Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal ta American Meteorological Society a shekarar 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Search Past Award Winners |url=https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/about-ams/ams-awards-honors/awards/search-past-award-winners/ |access-date=29 April 2020 |publisher=American Meteorology Society]}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Slingo ta auri Anthony Slingo a shekarar 1978. Ya kasance masanin kimiyyar muhalli wanda ya mutu a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="Reading - Anthony Slingo obit">{{Cite web |last=Anon |year=2008 |title=Professor Anthony Slingo |url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR17758.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419025424/https://www.reading.ac.uk/news-and-events/releases/PR17758.aspx |archive-date=19 April 2014 |website=reading.ac.uk |publisher=[[University of Reading]]}}</ref> Suna da 'ya'ya mata biyu.<ref name="thelifescientific">{{Cite web |last=Jim Al-Khalili |author-link=Jim Al-Khalili |year=2014 |title=Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k |publisher=BBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJim_Al-Khalili2014">[[Jim Al-Khalili]] (2014). [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03zr00k "Julia Slingo interviewed on The Life Scientific"]. London: BBC.</cite></ref><ref name="Reading - Anthony Slingo obit" /> Tana zaune a Sidmouth a Devon . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1950]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] el5nl6xgmmw5p7aj8bna8vnpyjdjete 0 144763 828229 807711 2026-05-01T04:49:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lucía Topolansky Saavedra''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga Satumba 1944) 'yar siyasa ce ta Uruguay kuma tsohuwar mai ra'ayin sauyi wadda ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasar Uruguay ta 17 daga Satumba 2017 zuwa Maris 2020. Memba ce a ƙungiyar Movement of Popular Participation (MPP) — Broad Front, ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Sanata na Jamhuriyar daga 2020 zuwa 2022 da kuma daga 2005 zuwa 2017, a matsayin Wakiliyar Ƙasa daga 2000 zuwa 2005 da kuma a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa ta Uruguay a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa [[José Mujica]] daga 2010 zuwa 2015. <ref name="asumelucia">{{Cite web |date=11 September 2017 |title=Lucía Topolansky se convertirá en vicepresidenta |url=http://www.elobservador.com.uy/para-vazquez-es-un-honor-trabajar-topolansky-como-vicepresidenta-n1117610 |website=[[El Observador (Uruguay)|El Observador]] |language=es}}</ref> An rene ta a cikin iyali mai daraja, a shekarar 1969 Topolansky ta shiga ƙungiyar 'yan daba ta hagu mai suna ''Tupamaros'' kuma ta shiga ɓoye. A shekarar 1985, saboda dokar afuwa, an sake ta kuma ta shiga cikin kafa MPP, inda ta fara harkokin siyasa. A shekarar 1995 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar majalisar dokokin Montevideo, kuma a shekarar 2004 aka zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar ƙasa, ta hau kujerar bayan mutuwar Jorge Quartino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-01 |title=Topolansky dejó el Parlamento tras 22 años; envió una carta y no fue a sesión que la homenajeó |url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/politica/topolansky-dejo-el-parlamento-tras-22-anos-envio-una-carta-y-no-fue-a-sesion-que-la-homenajeo |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=El Pais |language=en}}</ref> Duk da haka, ta karɓi ragamar shugabancin Majalisar, domin ita ce ta farko da ta maye gurbin mijinta [[José Mujica]] wanda ya bar kujerar don ya hau kujerar Ministan Dabbobi, Noma da Kamun Kifi a shekarar 2005. Ta kasance 'yar takara a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na Montevideo a zaɓen ƙananan hukumomi na 2015, inda Daniel Martínez Villamil ya kayar da ita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Redacción |title=Topolansky aceptó ser candidata a la IMM |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/topolansky-acepto-ser-candidata-a-la-imm-2014123018420 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=El Observador}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2017, ta hau kujerar Mataimakiyar Shugaban ƙasar Uruguay bayan murabus ɗin Raúl Sendic Rodríguez, inda ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Lucía Topolansky Saavedra a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 1944 a babban birnin [[Montevideo]], ita ce ƙarama a cikin 'ya'ya bakwai tare da 'yar uwarta tagwaye, María Elia. Mahaifinta, Luis Topolansky Müller, injiniya ne na farar hula kuma ɗan kasuwan gini, wanda ya auri María Elia Saavedra Rodríguez. Topolansky asalin zuriyar Poland ne daga Kraków . An haifi Luis a [[Budapest]] kuma ya yi karatu a [[Vienna]], kuma daga ƙarshe ya ƙaura zuwa Uruguay don aiki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jose Mujica - najbiedniejszy prezydent świata? Nie, dla nas najbogatszy! |url=http://www.ruchspoleczny.com.pl/index.php/component/content/article/45-aktualnosci/664-jose-mujica-najbiedniejszy-prezydent-wiata-nie-dla-nas-najbogatszy |access-date=2018-09-19 |website=ruchspoleczny.com.pl |language=pl }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A gefen mahaifiyarta, Saavedras dangi ne na manyan mutane na asalin Sipaniya, waɗanda suka samo asali daga al'ummar [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=El linaje de Lucía Topolansky |url=http://elpatriciadodelriodelaplata.blogspot.com/2012/07/lucia-la-rebelde-tataranieta-de-los.html |access-date=15 October 2013 |publisher=El patriciado del Río de la Plata}}</ref> Topolansky ta girma a unguwannin Prado, inda take zaune a gidan kakanninta, da kuma Pocitos . Bayan mahaifinta ya zama abokin hulɗa da wani kamfanin gine-gine, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Punta del Este, amma sun koma Montevideo jim kaɗan bayan haka lokacin da gwamnatin Uruguay ta yi adawa da gwamnatin shugaban ƙasar Argentina na wancan lokacin Juan Perón, wanda hakan ya sa ya hana 'yan ƙasar Argentina yin hutun bazara a Uruguay, wanda hakan ya sa kamfanin mahaifinta ya durƙushe. [1] Bayan dawowarta Montevideo, mahaifinta ya kamu da cutar kansa, inda ya bar iyalin cikin mawuyacin hali na tattalin arziki kuma ya dogara ga kakanta, Alkalin Zaman Lafiya na wancan lokacin Enrique Saavedra Barrozo, wanda ke tallafawa kuɗaɗen karatun iyalin. [2] A lokacin yarintarta, ta yi karatu a Kwalejin Sacré Cœur de las Hermanas Dominicas da ke Montevideo tare da 'yar uwarta. Daga nan ta shiga Cibiyar Alfredo Vásquez Acevedo inda ta kasance wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar ɗalibai, kuma daga ƙarshe ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Jamhuriyar a fannin gine-gine. Ta yi watsi da karatunta a shekarar 1969. == 'Yan daba == A shekarar 1967, bayan shekaru da dama na harkokin siyasa, ta shiga ƙungiyar Tupamaros mai ra'ayin hagu, inda ta fafata da hukumomin Uruguay. Bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a shekarar 1973, wanda ya haifar da fara mulkin kama-karya tsakanin sojoji da farar hula a ƙarƙashin Juan María Bordaberry, an kama Topolansky aka kuma daure ta a gidan yarin soja inda ta fuskanci azabtarwa ta jiki da ta hankali. A lokacin da take aiki da ƙungiyar, ta haɗu da mijinta [[José Mujica]] na gaba, wanda daga ƙarshe zai zama Shugaban ƙasar [[Uruguay]] daga 2010 zuwa 2015. Daga ƙarshe za a haɗa ta da ƙungiyar Movement of Popular Participation (MPP). <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Pellegrino |first=Guillermo |date=13 September 2017 |title=Lucía Topolansky, de guerrillera a vicepresidente |url=https://www.clarin.com/mundo/lucia-topolansky-guerrillera-vicepresidente_0_SywnzaIqW.html |access-date=14 September 2017 |website=www.clarin.com |language=es}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=La historia de José Mujica y Lucía Topolansky: del MLN a la chacra, una vida de utopías compartidas |url=https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nacional/la-historia-jose-mujica-y-lucia-topolansky-del-mln-la-chacra-una-vida-utopias-compartidas-n5994661 |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=El Observador |language=es-UY}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1944]] ibdacuscbxyi0oy9w6t1gow8sntj7vp 0 144818 828148 807838 2026-04-30T20:15:50Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lakshmiswar Sinha''' (6 ga Yuni, 1905 a Rarisal a arewa maso gabashin [[Indiya]] - 22 ga Afrilu, 1977 a Shantiniketan, Indiya) malamin Esperantist ne kuma malamin sana'o'i a Shantinikaetan, Bengal . Ya kasance almajirin Tagore kuma aboki. An tura shi Sweden a cikin 1928-29, ya yi karatu a hankali. A cikin 1928, yayin zama a Stockholm, ya zama Esperantist kuma ya wuce duk jarrabawar SEI . A kan shirin Ernfrid Malmgren a watan Satumbar 1929 ya fara rangadin lacca. A Sweden ya yi tafiya sama da kilomita 10,000, ya ba da laccoci sama da 200 ga mutane sama da 30,000, kuma sau biyu a rediyo. A cikin kaka na 1930 ya zagaya Estonia da Latvia, sannan na watanni biyu a Poland, taro 40 a birane 22 a gaban kusan mutane 8,000. A watan Agustan 1931 ya koma Indiya, inda ya yi aiki don rubutun Esperanto kuma ya zama babban wakilin Universal Esperanto Association (UEA).&nbsp; A cikin kaka na 1933 ya koma Sweden. A cikin 1936 ya buga littafinsa ''"Hindo Rigardas Svedlandon"'' (Wani Indiya yana kallon Sweden). An fara buga fassararsa na labaru bakwai na Tagore ''"Malsata Ŝtono"'' (Dutse mai fama da yunwa) a cikin 1961 Serio Oriento-Okcidento . Sakamakon kokarinsa na kirkirar ƙungiyar Esperanto a Indiya shine tushe na Bengala Esperanto-Instituto (Bengali Institute of Esperanto) a 1963 lokacin da littafinsa ya bayyana a cikin Bengali ''Esperanto-Movado'' (Esperanto Movement). Eldona Societo Esperanto (Enterprise Edition Esperanto) wanda aka buga a 1966 a cikin tarihin rayuwar Sinha na Sweden Jaroj sur tero (Shekaru a duniya). An buga aikin Sinha na ƙarshe a cikin 1974: ''Facila Esperanta lernolibro'' (Easy Esperanto Primer), a cikin Bengali. == Bayanan littattafai == * ''Sivaĝi'', ƙaramin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na asali, 1928. * ''[http://i-espero.info/files/elibroj/eo%20-%20sinha,%20lakshmiswar%20-%20tri%20bengalaj%20fabeloj.pdf 3 Bengalaj fabeloj] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195912/http://i-espero.info/files/elibroj/eo%20-%20sinha,%20lakshmiswar%20-%20tri%20bengalaj%20fabeloj.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}'' ("Bengali Fables"): Ya ba da shi, malriĉulo kaj mirindaj potoj; Fakiro kaj princo; Kio estas saĝo? ("Allah, talakawa da tukwane masu ban mamaki; Fakir da Yarima; Menene Hikima?"), 1930 (kuma an fassara shi zuwa Yaren mutanen Sweden), .{{ISBN|91-7303-111-9}} * Kaj rest erroras penso, sed ne faro ("kuma duk abin da ke tunani amma babu wani aiki") 1931 (ƙaddamarwa game da fahimtar juna tsakanin mutane). * ''Hindo Rigardas Svedlandon'' ("Wani Indiya yana kallon Sweden") Lakshmiswar Sinha, gabatarwa ta Björn Collinder, Stockholm: Eld. Soc. Esperanto, 1936 (a cikin tarihin CDELI), 200 p.: Ill., Portr. , 22 cm [https://web.archive.org/web/20140604192431/http://opac.rero.ch/gateway RERO]: R003698615. &nbsp; * Tagore: ''Malsata ŝtono'' ("Dutse mai fama da yunwa"), Malmö: Eldona Esperanto Societo Serio Oriento-Okcidento 1, 1961 (wanda aka fassara daga labarun Bengali) (a cikin Tarihin CDELI [https://web.archive.org/web/20140604192431/http://opac.rero.ch/gateway RERO]: R003147585). * ''Esperanto-Movado'' ("Esperanto Movement") 1963 Bengali. * Jaroj sur tero ("Shekaru a duniya"), Malmö: Eldona Esperanto Societo, 1966 (biography) (a cikin tarihin CDELI [https://web.archive.org/web/20140604192431/http://opac.rero.ch/gateway RERO]: R003789761). * ''Facila Esperanta lernolibro'' ("Manufa mai sauƙi na Esperanto") 1974 (a cikin Bengali). == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1905]] 7gatyn0lrhmfbll05emzrjxvz4iafpc 0 144830 827999 807862 2026-04-30T15:23:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:College_of_Education,_Igueben_Sign_Post.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:School_of_Vocational_and_Technical_Education_College_of_Education_Igueben.jpg|thumb]] Kwalejin Ilimi, Igueben wata jami'a ce ta gwamnati wacce take a ciki [[Igueben]] Karamar Hukumar [[Edo|Edo State]], [[Kudancin Kudu|Southern part of]] [[Najeriya|Nigeria]]. {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''</sup>An kafa cibiyar ne a shekarar 1980 ta Gwamna mai jiran gado [[Yankin Yamma ta Tsakiya, Najeriya|Bendel State]], Professor [[Ambrose Folorunsho Alli]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Ambrose Folorunsho Alli |url=https://www.edoworld.net/Alli_Biography.html#google_vignette |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=www.edoworld.net}}</ref> Kwalejin tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantun da gwamnati ta amince da su a ciki [[Gundumar Sanatan Edo ta Tsakiya|Edo Central]] Sanatan jihar Edo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=EDU |title=State College Of Education |url=https://education.gov.ng/state-college-of-education/ |access-date=2021-06-18 |website=FEDERAL MINISTRY OF EDUCATION |language=en-US}}</ref> Cibiyar ta sami izini daga [[Hukumar Kula da Jami’o’i ta Kasa (NUC)|National Universities Commission]] (NUC). An kafa cibiyar ne da nufin horar da malamai a Najeriya. Wadanda suka kammala karatunsu na wannan jami'a suna samun kyautar [[National Certificates in Education]] (NCE).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About us {{!}} |url=https://coeigueben.edu.ng/aboutx.php |access-date=2021-06-18 |website=coeigueben.edu.ng }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – Edo State College of Education, Igueben Campus |url=https://escoe.com.ng/igueben/about-us/ |access-date=2021-06-18 |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200540/https://escoe.com.ng/igueben/about-us/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Igueben (COEIGUEBEN) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-igueben |access-date=2021-06-18 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=College of Education Igueben |url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/College-of-Education-Igueben/57128/ |access-date=2021-06-18 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> == Darussan == * Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona * Ilimin halitta / Chemistry * Chemistry / Integrated Science * Ilimi na Kasuwanci * Ilimin halitta / Kimiyya mai hadewa * Chemistry / Mathematics * Chemistry / Physics * Ilimin Kwamfuta / Fisika * Ilimi na Kwamfuta / Lissafi * Kimiyyar Kwamfuta / Nazarin Sakatariyar * Ilimin Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta / Lissafi * Tattalin Arziki / Lissafi * Tattalin Arziki / Nazarin Jama'a * Turanci / Kimiyya ta Siyasa * Turanci / Nazarin Jama'a * Yanayin ƙasa / Nazarin Jama'a * Kimiyyar Haɗin Kai / Ilimin Lissafi * Kimiyyar Kimiyya / Fisika * Ilimin Jiki da Lafiya * [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta Siyasa]] / Nazarin Jama'a * Fasahar Wasanni * Nazarin Ilimi na Firamare <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-15 |title=List of Courses Offered at College Of Education, Igueben (COEIGUEBEN) |url=https://nigerianscholars.com/school-news/list-of-courses-offered-at-college-of-education-igueben-coeigueben/ |access-date=2021-07-10 |website=Nigerian Scholars |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rufewa da sake buɗewa == An rufe Kwalejin Ilimi ta Igueben a zamanin mulkin soja a shekarar 1984{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=June 2024}}. Duk da haka an sake buɗe makarantar a cikin 2006 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Chief (Dr.) [[Lucky Igbinedion]], Gwamnan lokacin [[Edo|Edo State]].<ref name=":0"/> == Tsarin harabar == A cikin 2020, gwamnatin Jihar Edo, a karkashin jagorancin gwamnan jihar, Mista [[Godwin Obaseki]], ta canza kowane Kwalejin Ilimi a cikin jihar (Kolejin Ilimi Ekiadolor da Kwalejin Elimi Abudu) zuwa kwalejin ilimi ta tsakiya da ake kira Kwalejin Alimi ta Jihar Edo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo State College of Education, Edo State |url=https://edocoe.edu.ng/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kwalejin Ilimi, Igueben an sanya shi harabar kwalejin Ilimi na jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-13 |title=Obaseki reforms: NCCE approves setup of Edo College of Education |url=http://nigerianobservernews.com/2020/11/obaseki-reforms-ncce-approves-setup-of-edo-college-of-education/ |access-date=2021-06-18 |website=Nigerian Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Ilimi]] [[Rukuni:Makaranta]] q1w2mhh1hr45nmnvyr2i6wgxd7tx8i1 0 144871 828136 815361 2026-04-30T19:42:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828136 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lady Howard Mabuza''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Swazi. Ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dokokin Eswatini a matsayin Ministar Ilimi da Horarwa daga shekarun 2019 zuwa 2023. A matsayinta na ministar ilimi, ta yi fafutukar ganin an bai wa mata ilimi da kuma wakilcin mata a gwamnati. == Aiki == An zaɓi Mabuza a matsayin Ministar Ilimi da Horarwa ta Eswatini a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-12 |title=AN OPEN LETTER TO LADY HOWARD-MABUZA |url=http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=7874 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=new.observer.org.sz }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga baya a wannan shekarar ta yi magana game da muhimmancin ilimin mata da ingantaccen ilmantarwa da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakaninta da rigakafin cutar kanjamau, rigakafin ɗaukar ciki tsakanin matasa, inganta lafiya, rage talauci, samar da ayyukan yi, da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Financial Incentives for Education Help Eswatini Improve HIV Prevention Among Young Women |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2019/07/23/financial-incentives-for-education-help-eswatini-improve-hiv-prevention-among-young-women |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=World Bank |language=en}}</ref> A lokacin annobar COVID-19 a Eswatini, Mabuza ta matsa wa gwamnati lamba ta ɗauki ƙarin malamai 900 don taimakawa makarantu su sake buɗe wa bayan dokar kulle da aka sanya a ƙasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-01 |title=Eswatini: Move to Hire 900 Teachers to Reopen Swaziland Schools After Coronavirus Lockdown |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202104010224.html |website=allafrica.com}}</ref> Ta karfafa wa dalibai da malamai gwiwa su sami [[Rigakafin Covid-19|allurar rigakafin COVID-19]] domin makarantu su sake buɗe wa da kuma ci gaba da ayyukan da suka shafi karatu a jami'a. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vaccines save Eswatini's education system |url=https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/vaccines-save-eswatinis-education-system |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=www.gavi.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta gode wa Ofishin Jakadancin Qatar da ke Eswatini saboda bayar da taimako ga ɗalibai a lokacin annobar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar Embassy Delivers Medical Aid, Materials to Kingdom of Eswatini |url=https://mofa.gov.qa/en/qatar/latest-articles/latest-news/details/1442/01/15/qatar-embassy-delivers-medical-aid-materials-to-kingdom-of-eswatini |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=mofa.gov.qa}}</ref> Ta ziyarci Makarantar Ndunayithini, Makarantar Sakandare ta Mahamba, Makarantar Firamare ta Tsakiya ta Ngwane, Makarantar Sakandare ta Mavula, da Makarantar Longolotjeni a watan Agusta a 2021 bayan da masu lalata makarantu da masu kone-kone suka lalata su. <ref>{{Cite web |last=EDN_Reporter |date=2021-08-26 |title=Lady Action |url=https://swazidailynews.com/2021/08/26/lady-action/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Eswatini Daily News |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706025410/https://swazidailynews.com/2021/08/26/lady-action/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> A watan Oktoba a 2021, Mabuza ta yi Allah wadai da zanga-zangar ɗalibai da kuma yajin aikin adawa da mulkin mallaka wanda ya buƙaci a saki 'yan majalisar dokoki da aka tsare. <ref name="diplomat">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=Diplomat |date=2021-10-11 |title=Eswatini roiled by protests |url=https://diplomatmagazine.eu/2021/10/11/eswatini-roiled-by-protests/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=Diplomat magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Yajin aikin ya haifar da rufe makarantu goma sha shida har abada. <ref name="diplomat" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=NSIBANDE |first=ANDILE |date=2021-10-11 |title=LUBULINI HIGH PUPILS PELT PARENTS, COPS WITH STONES |url=http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=16972 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706025405/http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=16972 |archive-date=2024-07-06 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=new.observer.org.sz}}</ref> Tare da Firayim Ministan Eswatini Cleopas Sipho Dlamini, ta yi wa malamai gargaɗi kan nuna goyon baya ga ƙungiyar ɗalibai ko shiga cikin zanga-zangar. <ref name="diplomat" /> Ta sanar da sake buɗe makarantu a watan Nuwamba a 2021. A watan Nuwamba a 2021, Mabuza ta ƙaddamar da manufar "babu aiki, babu albashi" ga malamai waɗanda suka tashi daga aiki ba tare da wani bayani ba. <ref name="observer">{{Cite web |last=Kunene |first=Nonduduzo |date=2021-11-22 |title=NO WORK, NO PAY FOR TEACHERS - MINISTER |url=http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=17227 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706025406/http://new.observer.org.sz/details.php?id=17227 |archive-date=2024-07-06 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=new.observer.org.sz}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Agusta 2022, Mabuza ta shirya wani taron tattaunawa na teburi ga masu tsara manufofi, abokan hulɗar ci gaba, da shugabannin masana'antu a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen ƙasa na Eswatini don Babban Taron Ilimi Mai Sauyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eswatini hosts high level roundtable to prepare for Transforming Education Summit {{!}} United Nations in Eswatini |url=https://eswatini.un.org/en/194338-eswatini-hosts-high-level-roundtable-prepare-transforming-education-summit,%20https://eswatini.un.org/en/194338-eswatini-hosts-high-level-roundtable-prepare-transforming-education-summit |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=eswatini.un.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Fayil:梁大使洪昇與史國教育暨訓練部長Lady_Howard_Mabuza主持史瓦帝尼技術學院中華民國（臺灣）獎學金捐贈儀式_02.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Mabuza (na farko a hagu daga tsakiya) yana jagorantar bikin bayar da tallafin karatu na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Eswatini ga Taiwan a shekarar 2022]] A matsayinta na ministar ilimi, ta yi fafutukar kare [[Haƙƙin Ilimi|haƙƙin ilimin]] iyaye mata marasa aure da kuma waɗanda ba su yi aure ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=DPM's office and partners commemorate Day of the African Child (DAC) with learners {{!}} UNICEF Eswatini |url=https://www.unicef.org/eswatini/stories/dpms-office-and-partners-commemorate-day-african-child-dac-learners |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref> Mabuza ta haɗu da Jami'in Kula da Mazauna Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, [[UNESCO]], [[UNICEF]], da kuma Eswatini Network Campaign for Education for All don ƙaddamar da wani shiri na tsare-tsare da tsare-tsaren kula da mata masu juna biyu da wuri da kuma ba da niyya ba a watan Mayu a 2023. Ta sha kaye a zaɓen fidda gwani na sake tsayawa takara ga [[Phileomon Mkhatjwa]] a watan Agusta a 2023. <ref name="swaziland2">{{Cite web |last=Khulekani Maseko |first=Colani |date=2023-08-27 |title=Education Minister Lady-Howard Mabuza loses Primary Elections at Mafutseni, Phileomon Mkhatjwa wins. |url=https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=5048 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=www.swazilandnews.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nkambule |first=Mfanukhona |date=2023-09-10 |title=AFTER LOSING ELECTIONS: E1.9M FOR MOSES, E1.3M FOR LADY MABUZA |url=http://www.times.co.sz/news/141796-after-losing-elections-e1-9m-for-moses-e1-3m-for-lady-mabuza.html |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=www.times.co.sz}}</ref> A watan Satumba a 2023, Mabuza ta halarci bikin kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin [[Ƙarfafa matasa|horar]] da matasa a cibiyar horar da masana'antu ta Manzini, wanda shirin ci gaban Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya shirya a gidan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke [[Mbabane]]. <ref name="swaziland">{{Cite web |last=Khulekani Maseko |first=Colani |date=2024-09-14 |title=Out-going Ministers Lady-Howard Mabuza, Harris Bulunga and AG Sifiso Khumalo grace UNDP Youth Empowerment Graduation Ceremony. |url=https://www.swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=5173 |access-date=2024-07-06 |website=www.swazilandnews.co.za}}</ref> Ta yi magana game da [[Cin zarafin mata|cin zarafin mata da aka yi]] a Eswatini a watan Nuwamba a 2023 kuma ta yi kira ga majalisar dokoki da ta magance shi a matsayin matsala ta ƙasa. <ref name="press">{{Cite web |date=2023-11-24 |title=It's very hard former minister Lady Howard Mabuza |url=https://www.pressreader.com/eswatini/eswatini-daily-news-9y77/20231124/281582360376326 |access-date=2024-07-06 |via=PressReader}}</ref> Mabuza ta kuma yi magana game da ƙarfafa mata da kuma ƙara wa mata wakilci a gwamnati. <ref name="press" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tukypuzeij5x2knc7c34lg0m3s4jmxx 0 145218 828302 809062 2026-05-01T08:38:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Madeleine Andebeng Labeau Alingué''' (11 Satumba 1965 - 29 Nuwamba 2025) 'yar siyasar ƙasar Chadi ce. == Rayuwa da aiki == An haifi Alingué a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, 1965. Ita 'yar tsohon firayim minista [[Jean Alingué Bawoyeu|Jean Alingué Bawoyeu ce]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=François-Xavier Freland |date=30 December 2016 |title=Tchad: Madeleine Alingué, une femme libérée |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/384816/politique/tchad-madeleine-alingue-femme-liberee/ |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=[[Jeune Afrique]] |language=fr-FR}}</ref> [[Fayil:Madeleine_Alingué_2018.png|thumb|Madeleine Alingué]] Bayan ta yi karatu a birnin Paris da China, ta zama farfesa a fannin hulɗa da ƙasashen duniya a Jami'ar Externado de Colombie.<ref name=":0"/> A lokacin rayuwarta a Colombia, ta yi aiki a hulɗoɗin diflomasiyya na kudancin duniya, inda ta ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar Panafrican Alliance Kony, inda ta haɓaka yarjejeniyoyin zamantakewa da al'adu tsakanin Afirka da Latin Amurka. A shekarar 2010, ta koma [[Cadi|Chadi]] inda ta shiga Ofishin Hijira na Ƙasa da Ƙasa (l'Office des migrations internationales). A shekarar 2014, an naɗa ta a matsayin sakatariyar harkokin waje.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madeleine Alingué, première femme porte-parole du gouvernement |url=http://www.lepaystchad.com/835/ |access-date=7 April 2023 |work=Journal Le Pays |language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 2015, ta kasance mai ba da shawara ga ofishin dindindin na Chadi tare da Majalisar Tsaron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ke New York.<ref name=":0"/> Ta yi aiki na tsawon watanni, a shekarar 2016 tare da Shugaban Ƙasa, [[Idriss Déby]], a matsayin mataimakiyar daraktan Majalisar Ministoci. <ref name=":0" /> A ranar 14 ga watan Agusta 2016, aka naɗa ta ministar sadarwa kuma ta zama mai magana da yawun gwamnati. Wannan shine karo na farko da wata mata ta cike wannan muƙami a Chadi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2016 |title=Tchad: le Premier ministre reconduit dévoile son nouveau gouvernement |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20160814-tchad-premier-ministre-albert-pahimi-padacke-devoile-nouveau-gouvernement |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=[[Radio France Internationale|RFI]] |language=fr}}</ref> Tana yin magana da harsuna bakwai; Sifaniyanci, Ingilishi, Faransanci, Sinanci, Larabci da harsunan Afirka guda biyu na asali daga Tchad. A ƙarƙashin kundin tsarin mulkin jamhuriya ta huɗu, dole ta yi rantsuwa ta hanyar rantsuwa ga Allah a shekarar 2018. Ta ƙi ta kuma yi rantsuwa da sunan Allah, wanda hakan ya sa aka dakatar da ita kafin shugaban kotun koli ya janye wannan shawarar bayan da Shugaba [[Idriss Déby]] ya shiga tsakani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 May 2018 |title=Polémique au Tchad après le refus de deux ministres de prêter serment |url=https://fr.africanews.com/2018/05/12/polemique-au-tchad-apres-le-refus-de-deux-ministres-de-preter-serment/ |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=[[Africanews]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ta kasance ministar ci gaban yawon buɗe ido, al'adu, da sana'o'in hannu har zuwa watan Yulin 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Innocent |first=Allaramadji |date=17 July 2020 |title=Mme Madeleine Alingué passe la commande à son successeur |url=https://www.tachad.com/tchad-mme-madeleine-alingue-passe-la-commande-a-son-successeur |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=Actualités du Tchad |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Daga ranar 14 ga watan Oktoba 2022 zuwa ranar 2 ga watan Janairu 2024, ta kasance sakatariyar harkokin tattalin arziki, tsare-tsaren ci gaba, da haɗin gwiwar ƙasashen duniya a gwamnatin haɗin gwiwa ta ƙasa ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Saleh Kebzabo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kadabio |first=Ben Haidar |date=14 October 2022 |title=Tchad: le gouvernement d'union nationale de Saleh Kebzabo dévoilé |url=https://www.alwihdainfo.com/Tchad-le-gouvernement-d-union-nationale-de-Saleh-Kebzabo-devoile_a118088.html |access-date=28 February 2023 |website=[[Alwihda]] |language=fr}}</ref> Alingué ta mutu a birnin Paris a ranar 29 ga watan Nuwamba, 2025, tana da shekaru 60. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2025 |title=Tchad: Décès à Paris de l'ancienne ministre Madeleine Alingué |url=https://gazellepresse.com/tchad-deces-a-paris-de-lancienne-ministre-madeleine-alingue/ |access-date=30 November 2025 |website=Gazelle Presse |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2025]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1965]] 7ukhz6q2ceimlc7ihpdyhpruwlfrycw 0 145260 828069 809176 2026-04-30T18:24:17Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Beauty '''Akinaere Otuedo''' (an haife ta a 10 ga Oktoba 1997) 'yar Najeriya ce mai tsere a cikin jirgin ruwa. == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Otuedo a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1997 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beauty Akinaere Otuedo |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/151274 |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=[[Olympedia]]}}</ref> a cikin iyalin kamun kifi. A cikin 2018, Otuedo ya lashe tagulla a gasar Admiral Porbeni ta Afirka. [1] Ɗan'uwanta Goodluck Gbamire ne ya horar da ita.[2] Otuedo da [[Ayomide Emmanuel Bello|Ayomide Bello]] sun lashe Canoe Sprint African [[Faris|Paris]] 2024 Qualifier a Jabi Lake a Najeriya tare da lokaci na 2:24.45.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Haruna |first=Kabir |date=2024-07-17 |title=Bello, Otudeo gear up to make waves in Olympic canoeing |url=https://news360ng.com/bello-otudeo-gear-up-to-make-waves-in-olympic-canoeing/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=News360 Nigeria |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Aikigbe |first=Godwin |date=2024-07-16 |title=Olympics: Bello, Otudeo set to take canoeing by storm |url=https://punchng.com/olympics-bello-otudeo-set-to-take-canoeing-by-storm/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Sun wakilci Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta 2024 a Paris, Faransa.<ref name=":2" /> Sun gama 5th a cikin zafi na farko na mata biyu 500 mita quarterfinals tare da lokaci na 2:07.86. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kolawole |first=Hashim |date=2024-08-06 |title=Nigerian Canoeists Bello, Otuedo Advance to Final B at Paris 2024 Olympics |url=https://www.sports247.ng/nigerian-canoeists-bello-otuedo-advance-to-final-b-at-paris-2024-olympics/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Sports247 Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philip |first=Sedara |date=2024-08-06 |title=Paris 2024 Olympics:Ayomide Bello And Beauty Otuedo Through To Final Of Women's Canoe Doubles 500m Event |url=https://sportsgister.com/2024/08/06/paris-2024-olympicsayomide-bello-and-beauty-otuedo-through-to-final-of-womens-canoe-doubles-500m-event/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Sportsgister |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-06 |title=Day 11 of Olympics: Nigeria's canoeing duo through to women’s doubles 500m final |url=https://persecondnews.com/2024/08/06/day-11-of-olympics-nigerias-canoeing-duo-through-to-womens-doubles-500m-final/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Per Second News |language=en-US}}</ref> Otuedo kuma ta yi gasa a cikin tseren mita 200 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ochicha |first=Lovette |date=2024-08-08 |title=Paris 2024: Nigeria's Ayomide Bello, Beauty Otuedo Fall Short In Women's Canoe Heats, Move To Quarterfinals |url=https://www.sports247.ng/paris-2024-nigerias-ayomide-bello-beauty-otuedo-fall-short-in-womens-canoe-heats-move-to-quarterfinals/ |access-date=2026-01-28 |website=Sports247 Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1997]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] e1g2srouksg75fw5w8zu3uaae0ojiz6 0 145407 828301 809609 2026-05-01T08:32:52Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chinonyerem Macleans''' (an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Oktoba 1999) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Najeriya wacce ke buga wa kungiyar Al-Shabab ta Saudiyya ta Premier League da tawagar Najeriya. == Aikin kulob == A lokacin bazara na 2020, ta bar [[Bayelsa Queens F.C.|Bayelsa Queens]] don shiga gasar zakarun sau 11, Bobruichanka Bobruisk, a gasar Belarusian lig . <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 4, 2020 |title=Nigeria striker Chinonyerem at the double as Bobruichanka thrash Bostor |url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/nigeria-striker-chinonyerem-at-the-double-as-bobruichanka-thrash-bostor/zg6djp7o40be1s90h9ixjtxq9 |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=goal.com}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 2020, Stomilanki Olsztyn ya ba da sanarwar sanya hannu kan Macleans. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Macleans Chinonyerem została nową Stomilanką! |trans-title=Macleans Chinonyerem has become the new Stomilanka! |url=https://stomilanki.pl/aktualnosci/2012/2152-macleans-chinonyerem-zosta%C5%82a-now%C4%85-stomilank%C4%85.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawFq3ZZleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHWqa7WMORGNkTKr33I8DCPsJsqW6MOSdG7tBjws3YkCHv-5EUIsSNAtUGw_aem_ygQ4M4PW5oYRQEhWPqheYA |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=stomilanki.pl |language=pl }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A watan Agusta 2021, ta koma Górnik Łęczna ta Poland. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2021 |title=Chinonyerem Macleans ma stanowić o sile ofensywnej Górnika Łęczna |trans-title=Chinonyerem Macleans is expected to be a key part of Górnik Łęczna's offensive strength. |url=https://www.dziennikwschodni.pl/sport/pilka-nozna/ekstraklasa-kobiet/chinonyerem-macleans-ma-stanowic-o-sile-ofensywnej-gornika-leczna,n,1000294059.html |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=dziennikwschodni.pl |language=pl }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Poland, ta bar Górnik don shiga ƙungiyoyi a manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2022 |title=Chinonyerem Macleans opuszcza zespół GKS Górnika Łęczna |trans-title=Chinonyerem Macleans leaves the team GKS Górnik Łęczna. |url=https://www.dziennikwschodni.pl/sport/pilka-nozna/ekstraklasa-kobiet/chinonyerem-macleans-opuszcza-zespol-gks-gornika-leczna,n,1000309167.html |access-date=October 3, 2024 |website=dziennikwschodni.pl |language=pl }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Lokomotiv Moscow === A lokacin bazara na 2022, ta shiga gasar cin kofin ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Rasha Lokomotiv Moscow . A zagaye huɗu na farko na gasar, ta yi tasiri sosai, inda ta zira kwallaye biyar, kuma magoya bayanta suka zaɓe ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau a watan Maris. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 April 2023 |title=Маклинс Чиноньерем: «Хочу попробовать себя в модельном бизнесе» |trans-title=Chinonyerem MacLeans: "I want to try my hand in the modeling business. |url=https://wfl.rfs.ru/posts/1091520 |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=wfl.rfs.ru |language=ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2023 |title=ЭмСи: Хочу порадоваться за всю команду. Победа меня очень вдохновляет |trans-title=MC: I want to celebrate with the whole team. This victory really inspires me. |url=https://www.fclm.ru/news/n/emsi-khochu-poradovatsya-za-vsyu-komandu-pobeda-menya-ochen-vdokhnovlyaet/ |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=fclm.ru |language=ru}}</ref> A wasan da ya biyo baya, an naɗa ta a matsayin 'yar wasa mafi kyau, inda ta ci gaba da nuna bajintarta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2023 |title=Chinonyerem Macleans' continues impressive form, wins POTM |url=https://nigeriasoccernet.com/chinonyerem-macleans-continues-impressive-form-wins-potm |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=nigeriasoccernet.com}}</ref> A watan Agusta na 2024, ta kawo ƙarshen shekaru biyu na zamanta a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Rasha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 11, 2024 |title=Super Falcons Star Quits Russian Club Lokomotiv Moscow |url=https://eaglestrackerng.com/blogs/transfer-news/macleans-departs-lokomotiv |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007091115/https://eaglestrackerng.com/blogs/transfer-news/macleans-departs-lokomotiv |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=October 3, 2024 |website=eaglestrackerng.com}}</ref> === Al-Shabab === A ranar 1 ga Oktoba 2024, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Saudiyya, Al-Shabab, ta sanar da siyan ɗan wasan gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title=Transfert (F) : La Nigériane Macleans Chinonyerem s'engage avec Al-Shabab |trans-title=Transfer (W): Nigerian Macleans Chinonyerem joins Al-Shabab. |url=https://africafootunited.com/transfert-f-la-nigeriane-macleans-chinonyerem-sengage-avec-al-shabab/ |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=africafootunited.com |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 October 2024 |title=Chinonyerem Macleans Joins Al Shabab Women FC. |url=https://superfalconsshow.com/chinonyerem-macleans-joins-al-shabab-women-fc/ |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=superfalconsshow.com}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == A watan Yunin 2022, MacLeans ta sami kiran farko zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Najeriya don shiga gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta mata ta 2022. [1] A ranar 7 ga Yulin 2022, ta fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa, inda ta maye gurbin Ifeoma Onumonu a minti na 83. [2] [3] A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2024, an saka Macleans a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da za su wakilci Najeriya a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 23, 2024 |title=Чиноньерем Маклинс: Хочу выиграть Олимпиаду! |trans-title=Chinonyerem MacLeans: I want to win the Olympics! |url=https://www.fclm.ru/news/n/Macleans-khochu-vyigrat-olimpiadu/ |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=fclm.ru |language=ru}}</ref> == Daraja == '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ekstraliga wanda ya fi zura kwallaye: 2021-22 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strzelcy |url=http://www.90minut.pl/strzelcy.php?id=11804 |access-date=19 January 2026 |website=90minut.pl |language=pl}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] b09daeee9jqclbrucsg6ab6plc6t8p0 0 145450 828163 809740 2026-04-30T21:18:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An haifi '''Laura Beltz Wright''' (1909–1996), Inupiaq, a Candle, Alaska. Daga 1942 zuwa 1947, tana ɗaya daga cikin mata 23 membobin Rundunar Tsaron Yankin Alaska (ATG) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-26 |title=Alaska Natives honored for protecting territory during WWII |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/native-alaskans-who-protected-alaska-in-wwii-to-be-honored/ |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> waɗanda suka ɗauki 'Yan Asalin Alaska a matsayin masu sa kai don yin sintiri idan Japan ta mamaye su. A matsayinta na mai zaman kanta a ATG, an fi saninta da mai harbi mai kaifi, kuma tana isar da wasiku. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Learn about Native Women's Military Service as National Native American Veterans Memorial Opens |url=https://womenshistory.si.edu/news/2020/11/learn-about-native-womens-military-service-national-native-american-veterans-memorial |access-date=2021-05-11 |website=Because of Her Story |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512084714/https://womenshistory.si.edu/news/2020/11/learn-about-native-womens-military-service-national-native-american-veterans-memorial |url-status=dead }}</ref> Daga baya a rayuwa, Beltz Wright ya shahara da tsara wuraren shakatawa. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Women Warriors: Fighting on Many Fronts for the Right to Serve |url=https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/women-warriors-fighting-many-fronts-right-serve |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=American Indian magazine, National Museum of the American Indian |language=en}}</ref> == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu == Beltz Wright ta kasance wani ɓangare na Rundunar Tsaron Yankin Alaska (ATG) a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, waɗanda ke sintiri a bakin teku don samar da bayanan sirri game da duk wani aikin abokan gaba da ke kusa kuma sun ceci duk wani jirgin sama da ya faɗi. [1] Duk da cewa yawancin mata galibi ma'aikatan jinya ne, Beltz Wright ta fita daga al'adun gargajiya kuma ta kasance mai harbi da ƙarfi. [1] Baya ga lokacinta tare da ATG, Beltz Wright ta kuma aika wasiƙu ta hanyar ƙungiyar kare, wasan tsere kan kankara da/ko sled. [2] == Zane == An san Beltz Wright da tsara wuraren shakatawa na Alaska daga baya a rayuwa. A shekarar 1952, lokacin da ta fara tsara wuraren shakatawa, ta sami takardar izinin mallakar wani wurin shakatawa mai launin velvet mai suna "Wright Alaskan Parky, wurin shakatawa na hunturu na asali." <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Obituaries of Alaska's Pioneers |url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/ak/obituaries/pioneers/akpionu_z.txt}}</ref> Gidajen shakatawa sun haɗa da ƙirar gargajiya ta 'yan asalin Alaska a cikinsu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2021)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Wasu daga cikin wuraren shakatawarta suna cikin tarin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Smithsonian na American Indian . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Parka |url=https://collections.si.edu/search/record/edanmdm:NMAI_412478?q=%22Laura+Wright+%28Laura+Belle+Beltz+Hagberg+Wright%29%2C+Inupiaq+%28Alaskan+Inupiat+Eskimo%29%2C+1908-1996%22 |website=Smithsonian Collection Search}}</ref> Shahararrun abokan cinikinta waɗanda suka sanya wuraren shakatawarta sun haɗa da Elvis Presley, [[Willie Nelson]], Ricky Nelson, Shirley Jones da Burl Ives . <ref name=":4" /> Jikarta, Sheila Ezelle, ta sayi Laura Wright Alaskan Parkys a shekarar 1985 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Laura Wright Alaskan Parkys |url=https://www.ciri.com/sh_businesses/laura-wright-alaskan-parkys/ |access-date=2021-06-11 |website=CIRI |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma a halin yanzu tana da kuma gudanar da shago a Anchorage, Alaska. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Segal |first=Shiri |date=2020-09-02 |title=Kuspuks and Parkys: Symbols of Alaskan Identity {{!}} INDIE ALASKA |url=https://www.alaskapublic.org/2020/09/02/kuspuks-and-parkys/ |access-date=2021-06-11 |website=Alaska Public Media |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ganewa == Sai a shekara ta 2000 ne membobin ATG suka sami matsayin tsoffin sojoji. A shekara ta 2017 iyalan Beltz Wright suka karɓi takardar sallama daga aiki daga gwamnati. <ref name=":3"/> A shekara ta 2020, Majalisar Dattawan Amurka ta amince da Beltz Wright saboda nasarorin da ta samu da gudummawar da ta bayar a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu don karya shingen jinsi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=Senate Honors Successes of Indigenous Women |url=https://www.thecordovatimes.com/2020/05/20/senate-honors-successes-of-indigenous-women/ |website=The Cordova Times}}</ref> A cikin littafin tarihin mutuwarta, an ambaci cewa an saka ta a cikin Who's Who of American Women a shekara ta 1967 kuma an zaɓe ta don kyautar Alaska Mother of the Year a shekara ta 1968. <ref name=":4"/> == Rayuwa ta sirri == A shekarar 1926, Laura Beltz ta auri John Allan Hagberg kuma sun yi aiki a ma'adinan zinare tare. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Laura Beltz Wright |url=https://www.newspaper.indianlife.org/story/2013/09/15/perspectives/laura-beltz-wright/375.html |website=Indian Life}}</ref> Tare, sun haifi 'ya'ya shida. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Laura Belle Beltz Hagberg Wright |url=http://www.alaskaweb.org/obits/wrightlbbh.html |website=AlaskaWeb.org}}</ref> Bayan Hagberg ya mutu a shekarar 1948, ta auri Dallas A. Wright a shekarar 1951. <ref name=":2" /> Wright ta mutu a shekarar 1981. A wannan lokacin, Beltz Wright ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin ungozoma a al'ummarta. <ref name=":3"/> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1996]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1909]] lqmlwh5lx79w5p8ool3fhwnv4180a1t 0 145564 828294 821418 2026-05-01T07:32:58Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Jin Dadin Jama'a da Gyaran Gado ta Jihar Rivers''' ma'aikatar gwamnati ce ta [[Jihar Rivers|Jihar Rivers, Najeriya]] da aka dora wa alhakin aiwatar da shirye-shirye da kuma samar da ayyukan jin dadin jama'a, na gyara don inganta walwalar [[Lafiya|jiki]], zamantakewa, motsin rai da tattalin arziki na ƙungiyoyin da ba su da galihu a jihar. A halin yanzu, ma'aikatar tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin Kwamishinan Jin Dadin Jama'a da Gyaran Gado, Mista Ilamusikami Arugu.<ref name="rs1">{{Cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=Rivers State disabled get Shell boost |url=http://m.news24.com/nigeria/National/News/Rivers-State-disabled-get-Shell-boost-20130930 |access-date=29 January 2015 |publisher=News24}}</ref><ref name="rs6">{{Cite web |title=Sub Units Under The Social Welfare Ministry Visited |url=http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/224-sub-units-under-the-social-welfare-ministry-visited.html |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=Government of Rivers State |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031805/http://www.riversstate.gov.ng/component/content/article/91-news/press-release/224-sub-units-under-the-social-welfare-ministry-visited.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manufar ma'aikatar ita ce cimma al'umma inda kowa zai iya aiki da kuma cimma damammaki masu amfani duk da rashin amfani. Sassanta sune: * Jin Dadin Jama'a * Gyaran jiki * Jindadin Yara * Gwamnati * Kuɗi da Asusun Kuɗi * Tsare-tsare, Bincike da Kididdiga Ma'aikatar tana da ofisoshin shiyya a Abua Odual, Ahaoda Gabas, Bonny, Bori, Degema, Eleme, Ikwerre, Ohio Akkor, Okehi, Opobo, Sokana, Oba/Egbema/Ndoni, da Okrika. == Manazarta == cjq9pztcjfm5ci653iyv2e7rhp8q8mb 0 145576 828195 810075 2026-04-30T23:41:03Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Leslie F. Kenne''' mai ritaya Laftanar Janar ce a [[United States Air Force|Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka]], matsayin da ta samu a shekarar 1999, kuma mace ta farko da ta kai wannan matsayin a Rundunar Sojan Sama. A halin yanzu tana cikin kwamitin gudanarwa na SRI International, Harris Corporation, Oshkosh Corporation da Unisys Corporation . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leslie F. Kenne |url=http://www.sri.com/about/people/leslie-f-kenne |access-date=2012-01-27 |publisher=[[SRI International]] }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kenne kuma tana aiki a teburin tsara tsare-tsare na Hukumar Nazarin Sojojin Sama, wani ɓangare na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Ƙasa . <ref name="af">{{Cite web |title=Lieutenant General Leslie F. Kenne |url=http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6034 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212202853/http://www.af.mil/information/bios/bio.asp?bioID=6034 |archive-date=2012-12-12 |access-date=2012-01-27 |publisher=[[United States Air Force]]}}</ref> Kenne, wacce ta kammala karatunta a Jami'ar Auburn, ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban, ciki har da darakta a manyan shirye-shirye guda uku: Tsarin Navigation na Low Altitude da Tsarin Infrared na Targeting for Night, F-16 da F-35 . Ta lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da lambar yabo ta Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, lambar yabo ta Defense Distinguished Service Medal, lambar yabo ta Legion of Merit, Tauraron Tagulla da lambar yabo ta Meritorious Service Medal . <ref name="af"/> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == A shekarar 1970, Kenne ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin injiniyancin jiragen sama na Jami'ar Auburn kuma ta shiga shirin ROTC na Auburn, kuma a shekarar 1971, ta shiga Rundunar Sojan Sama. Ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'ar kula da layin jiragen sama a ayyukanta, kuma ta halarci Makarantar Gwajin Jiragen Sama ta Amurka a shekarar 1974. <ref name="af"/> Daga baya ta sami digirin Master of Science a fannin gudanar da sayayya daga Jami'ar Webster . == Farkon aikina == Bayan kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Gwaji ta Gwaji, ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan ayyukan gwaji da kimantawa, da kuma a matsayin masu kula da jarrabawa da tantancewa. Kenne ta fara aiki a matsayin shugabar sashe, kuma a lokacin rangadin karo na biyu, a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta a Ofishin Mataimakin Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Sama don Saye. Ta jagoranci manyan shirye-shirye guda uku— Tsarin Navigation na Ƙasa Mai Tsayi da Tsarin Infrared Mai Targeting na Dare, F-16 da F-35 . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakiyar Kwamandan Cibiyar Tsarin Jiragen Sama, Rukunin Sojojin Sama na Wright-Patterson, Ohio, da Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Sacramento, McClellan, Sansanin Sojojin Sama, Calif. Kafin ta hau matsayinta na yanzu, Kenne ta jagoranci Cibiyar Tsarin Lantarki, Sansanin Sojojin Sama na Hanscom, Massachusetts. [1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 6d85ii3vn32rvxi8pg6xes46h1yatep 0 146221 828203 811994 2026-05-01T00:39:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Lillian_Kinkella_Keil.jpg|right|thumb|Kyaftin Lillian Kinkella Keil]] Kyaftin '''Lillian Kinkella Keil''' (17 ga Nuwamba, 1916 - 30 ga Yuni, 2005) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce a jirgin sama [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|na yakin duniya na biyu]] [[Amurkawa|na Amurka]] da kuma na Koriya . Keil ta yi jiragen sama 250 na kwashe mutane (23 daga cikinsu transatlantic ne) a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma jiragen sama 175 na kwashe mutane a lokacin yakin Koriya, inda ta zama daya daga cikin mata mafiya kyau a tarihin sojojin Amurka. <ref name="Halvorsen">{{Cite web |last=Howard E. Halvorsen (Air Force Sustainment Center Historian) |date=19 June 2017 |title=AIR FORCE HISTORY: Capt. Lillian Kinkella Keil, AF hero |url=https://www.tinker.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/1225055/air-force-history-capt-lillian-kinkella-keil-af-hero/ |publisher=[[Tinker Air Force Base]]}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Keil a Arcata, California . An rene ta a gidan sufaye bayan mahaifinta ya bar mahaifiyarta da ƙananan 'ya'yansu uku. Kallon yadda mata masu zaman kansu ke kula da marasa lafiya shine abin da ya ja hankalinta ga aikin jinya. <ref name="LAT" /> Nan da nan bayan kammala karatun sakandare, Keil ya halarci shirin aikin jinya a Asibitin St. Mary da ke San Francisco kuma ya zama ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lillian Kinkela Keil: Pioneer flight nurse |url=https://www.reflectionsonnursingleadership.org/features/more-features/Vol40-1-lillian-kinkela-keil-pioneer-flight-nurse |access-date=2020-02-28 |website=www.reflectionsonnursingleadership.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 1939, ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko da suka fara aiki a kamfanin jiragen sama [[United Airlines|na United Airlines]] . <ref name="Halvorsen"/> Bayan da Amurka ta shiga [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] a shekarar 1941, wata fasinja ta ba da shawarar ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya ta jirgin sama ga Rundunar Sojojin Sama ta Amurka . <ref name="LAT" /> <ref name="Halvorsen" /> Tana cikin waɗanda suka kammala karatun ma'aikatan jinya na jirgin sama na farko a Makarantar Koyar da Jiragen Sama ta Sojoji a Bowman Field, Louisville, Kentucky . <ref name="Halvorsen"/> Kyaftin Keil ya yi aiki a Landan a lokacin bazara na 1943 da kuma a Omaha Beach bayan mamayar D-Day na watan Yunin 1944. <ref name="Halvorsen" /> Tana cikin ma'aikatan jinya da suka kula da raunin da Sojojin George S. Patton na Uku suka samu yayin da suke tuka mota a faɗin Faransa. <ref name="LAT" /> <ref name="Halvorsen" /> Babban ɗan'uwanta, SSGT John J. Kinkella ya yi aiki tare da Rundunar Sojoji ta 184th Infantry Division a Kudancin Pacific kuma an kashe shi a fafatawa a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1944, a Kwajlein Atoll, a Tsibirin Marshall. Ta shirya a mayar da gawar ɗan'uwanta bayan yaƙin kuma aka binne shi a Makabartar Ƙasa ta Golden Gate a watan Satumbar 1949. <ref name="LAT" /> Bayan yaƙin, ta koma aikin mai kula da jiragen sama na United Airlines, amma ta sake shiga cikin jerin waɗanda suka yi aiki lokacin da Yaƙin Koriya ya ɓarke, a wannan karon tana cikin rundunar sojin sama ta Amurka . [1] Tana ɗaya daga cikin ma'aikatan jinya 30 na rundunar sojin sama da ke aiki a Gabas Mai Nisa. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2005]] che53q8025suo8cyhde0qflb9t2fuej 0 146381 828199 812426 2026-05-01T00:05:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lia Tadesse Gebremedhin''' (an haife ta a shekarar 1976)<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=24 November 2016 |title=Dr. Lia Tadesse, A women committed to improving health care delivery system |url= |access-date= |work=www.ethio-jobs.et}}</ref> likita ce 'yar ƙasar Habasha, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Lafiya daga ranar 12 ga watan Maris 2020 har zuwa 8 ga watan Fabrairu 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Minister Lia Tadesse - ELLEN JOHNSON SIRLEAF |url=https://ejscenter.org/ejs-covid-19/minister-lia-tadesse/ |access-date=2023-12-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kafin naɗinta, Lia ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Lafiya ta Jiha daga watan Nuwamba 2018. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-10-13 |title=Lia Tadesse Gebremedhin |url=http://www.healthdata.org/about/lia-tadesse-gebremedhin |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation |language=en}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin Darakta Mai Gudanarwa a Cibiyar Horar da Lafiyar Haihuwa ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Michigan (CIRHT) da ke Ann Arbor, Michigan, a matsayin Shugaba kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St. Paul (SPHMMC) da ke [[Addis Ababa]] da kuma Daraktan Ayyuka na Shirin Rayuwar Mata da Yara [[Hukumar Kula da Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa ta Amurka|na USAID]] (MCSP) a Jhpiego [[Itofiya|Habasha]]. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Former Ethiopia hospital CEO named to lead global center for women's health {{!}} Michigan Medicine |url=https://www.uofmhealth.org/news/archive/201509/Dr-Lia |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=www.uofmhealth.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Lia kuma ta girma a [[Addis Ababa]], Habasha. Ta je ''[[Miskaye Hizunan Medhanealem School|Makarantar Miskaye Hizunan Medhanealem]]'' don karatunta [[Makarantar Firamare|na firamare]] kuma ta kammala makarantar sakandare a ''Makarantar Sakandare ta Etege Menen'' da babban matsayi, kuma ta shiga [[Jami'ar Jimma]] don yin karatun likitanci; <ref name=":0"/> tana cikin ɗaliban mata huɗu da suka cancanci yin rajista. Lia ta sami digirin likitanci, kuma ta sami horo na musamman a fannin haihuwa da ilimin mata daga [[Jami'ar Addis Ababa]], da kuma digirin digirin digirgir a [[Gudanar da kiwon lafiya|fannin gudanar da harkokin kiwon lafiya]] daga Jami'ar Jimma, inda ta sami digirin digirgir a fannin likitanci. Saboda mahaifinta masanin ilimin halittu ne (Doctor of Philosophy of Entomology) kuma mahaifiyarta Malama ce, tun tana ƙarama tana da sha'awar zama Likita a fannin likitanci. <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lia Tadesse Gebremedhin Authors {{!}} Devex |url=https://www.devex.com/news/authors/lia-t-1168963 |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=www.devex.com}}</ref> == Aiki == Lia ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba kuma Mataimakiyar Shugaban Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Asibitin St. Paul da ke Addis Ababa Habasha, tsawon shekaru bakwai a jere tun daga shekarar 2007. Kafin wannan lokacin, ta kasance babbar likitan mata da likita mai karɓar haihuwa a Asibitin 'Yan Sanda na Tarayya da ke [[Addis Ababa|Addis Ababa, Habasha]]. <ref name=":22"/> Ta yi aiki sama da shekaru 20 a Ɓangaren Lafiya. <ref name=":0"/> Lia ta kasance daraktar shirye-shirye na Cibiyar Horar da Lafiyar Haihuwa ta Duniya (CIRHT) a Jami'ar Michigan da ke Ann Arbor tsawon shekaru uku tun daga watan Agusta na shekarar 2015 kuma ta kasance Daraktar Ayyuka na Shirin Rayuwar Iyaye Mata da Yara a Jhpiego-Ethiopia kusan shekara guda kafin hakan. <ref name=":22" /> A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2018, an naɗa Lia a matsayin Ministar Jiha a Ma'aikatar Lafiya [[Itofiya|ta Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Habasha]], kuma an Ɗaukaka ta zuwa Ministar Lafiya a watan Maris na shekarar 2020. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=H.E Dr. Lia Tadesse {{!}} FMOH |url=http://www.moh.gov.et/ejcc/am/moh-minister |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603193921/https://www.moh.gov.et/ejcc/am/moh-minister |archive-date=3 June 2021 |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=www.moh.gov.et}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu, 2024, Lia ta bar muƙamin minista kuma ta maye gurbinta da Mekdes Daba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia Appoints New Health Minister |url=https://ebc.et/english/newsdetails.aspx?newsid=5770 |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=ebc.et }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A cewar kamfanin dillancin labarai na Habasha, "[Lia] ta sami kyautar karramawa,<ref name="Borkena_Adanech_first_woman_AttGen">{{cite news | title= Ethiopia's first women attorney general confirmed in the parliament | date= 2020-03-12 |newspaper= [[Borkena]] | url= https://borkena.com/2020/03/12/ethiopias-first-women-attorney-general-confirmed-in-the-parliament/ |accessdate=2020-12-31 |archiveurl= https://archive.today/20201231012538/https://borkena.com/2020/03/12/ethiopias-first-women-attorney-general-confirmed-in-the-parliament/ |archivedate= 2020-12-31 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kyautar Gaba ta Makarantar Harvard, saboda gagarumin gudummawarta ga inganta fannin kiwon lafiya a Habasha, da kuma a wasu ƙungiyoyi na gida da na duniya".<ref>{{Cite web|last=demoz|title=Dr. Lia Tadesse Wins Next Generation Award of Harvard School {{!}} Ethiopian News Agency|url=https://www.ena.et/en/?p=24854|access-date=2021-05-29|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] 43z1vx2nzd0vn33xq104yn1frk4rmx8 0 146573 828342 820015 2026-05-01T11:54:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Abuja_monuments_34.jpg|thumb|Hedikwatar a [[Abuja]]]] An kafa Majalisar Inganta Kasuwancin Najeriya (NEPC) ta hanyar gabatar da "Dokar Majalisar Ingantaccen Kasuwancin Nijar No. 26 na 1976", yanzu Dokar da ta dace da mulkin dimokuradiyya na kasar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Buhari appoints new CEO for Nigerian Export Promotion Council |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/13/buhari-appoints-new-ceo-for-nigerian-export-promotion-council/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> An yi wa wannan Dokar gyare-gyare ta Dokar No. 72 ta 1979 kuma an kara yin gyare- gyare-gine ta Dokar Inganta fitar da kayayyaki ta Najeriya No. 41 ta 1988 kuma an kara da Dokar fitarwa (Incentives da Miscellaneous Provisions) Dokar No. 18 ta 1986. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Buhari appoints new CEO for Nigerian Export Promotion Council |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/13/buhari-appoints-new-ceo-for-nigerian-export-promotion-council/ |access-date=2022-02-09 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da Dokar Majalisar Tallafin Fitar da Kasuwancin Najeriya (Gwamma) No. 64 da 65 na 1992 don inganta aikin Majalisar. Majalisar ita ce babbar hukumar Gwamnatin Tarayya da ke da alhakin inganta fitar da man fetur a Najeriya don rarraba daga man fetur da gina tattalin arziki mai ban tsoro. Hedikwatar Majalisar tana cikin Gidan fitarwa, Plot 424 Aguiyi Ironsi Street, Maitama, Abuja . == Tarihi == The '''Nigerian Export Promotion Council] (NEPC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEPC- Nigeria Export Promotion Council - Home |url=https://nepc.gov.ng/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125222627/http://nepc.gov.ng/ |archive-date=2005-11-25 |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref>''' was established through the promulgation of the [[Najeriya|Nigerian]] Export Promotion Council Decree No. 26 of 1976 and was formally implemented in March 1977.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-18 |title=NEPC reveals why Nigerian exports fail in international market |url=https://nairametrics.com/2021/10/18/nepc-reveals-why-nigerian-exports-fail-in-international-market/ |access-date=2022-02-10 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> The act was amended by Decree No. 72 of 1979 and further amended by the Nigerian Export Promotion Council Decree No. 41 of 1988. Appended to the law was the Export (Incentives and Miscellaneous Provisions) Decree No. 18 of 1986, as well as the Nigerian Export Promotion Council Amendment Decree No. 64 of 1992. The last was authored to enhance the performance of the council by minimizing bureaucratic bottlenecks and increasing autonomy in dealing with members of the organized private sector. The Council has a governing board drawn from both the public and private sectors.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2026)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Manufa da ayyuka == Don jagorantar bambancin tattalin arzikin Najeriya ta hanyar fadadawa da kara fitar da man fetur ba don ci gaban tattalin arziki mai ɗorewa da haɗin kai.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikenna |first=Obioha |title=critical analysis and performance evaluation of Nigeria Export Promotion Council |url=http://www.unn.edu.ng/publications/files/Critical%20analysis%20and%20performance%20evaluation%20of%20Nigeria%20export%20promotion%20council.pdf}}</ref> * Don inganta ci gaba da rarraba kasuwancin fitar da Najeriya. * Don taimakawa wajen inganta ci gaban masana'antun da suka shafi fitarwa a Najeriya. * Don jagorantar kirkirar abubuwan fitarwa masu dacewa da * Don yin aiki sosai da inganta aiwatar da manufofi da shirye-shiryen fitarwa na Gwamnatin Najeriya. * Don daidaita ayyukan inganta fitar da kayayyaki a [[Najeriya]]. * Don tattara da rarraba bayanai game da samfuran da ake samu don fitarwa. * Don tattara da rarraba bayanai ga masana'antun gida da masu fitarwa game da kasuwannin kasashen waje. * Don samar da taimakon fasaha ga masu fitar da kayayyaki na cikin gida a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna kamar hanyoyin fitarwa da takardu, sufuri, kudi, dabarun tallace-tallace, kula da inganci, kunshin fitarwa, farashi da farashi, tallace-tarke, da sauran irin waɗannan yankunan. * Don kula da isasshen wakilci mai tasiri a wasu ƙasashe. * Don samarwa, kai tsaye ko tare, tare da cibiyoyin horo, horar da ma'aikatanta da taimakawa tare da ci gaban ma'aikata na al'ummar fitarwa a Najeriya. * Don shirya da kuma tsara shiga Najeriya a cikin baje kolin kasuwanci da nune-nunen. * Don gudanar da tallafi da sauran fa'idodi da suka shafi inganta fitarwa da ci gaba. * Don gudanar da nazarin yanayin tattalin arziki na yanzu, tare da kulawa ta musamman ga bangaren fitarwa don ba da shawara ga gwamnati kan manufofi da matakan da suka dace. * Don kafa takamaiman wuraren inganta kasuwanci a Najeriya da sauran ƙasashe ciki har da kafa ɗakunan baje kolin dindindin a manyan cibiyoyin kasuwanci a wasu ƙasashe. * Don shiga cikin tallace-tallace na fitarwa * Don bin sauƙaƙewa da daidaita hanyoyin fitarwa da takardu a kai a kai * Don taimakawa wajen gano mafita masu dacewa ga matsalolin da masu fitarwa suka fuskanta a cikin tsarin fitarwa. * Don tsarawa da shirya ayyukan kasuwanci na waje da kuma samar da tallafi daga Najeriya. * Don yin irin waɗannan ayyukan da za su iya taimakawa wajen cimma burin Dokokin fitarwa. == Tsarinsa == Gudanar da Majalisar tana karkashin jagorancin Babban Darakta / Shugaba. Majalisar tana da sassan da yawa waɗanda Daraktoci ke jagoranta. Akwai ofisoshin yanki guda shida (ɗaya a kowane yanki na siyasa) karkashin jagorancin masu kula da yanki. Sa'an nan kuma akwai Ofisoshin Gudanar da Jiha a duk sauran jihohin da masu Gudanar da Gwamnati ke jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-17 |title=NEPC to train 80 youths on export procedures to boost non-oil exports |url=https://businessday.ng/business-economy/article/nepc-to-train-80-youths-on-export-procedures-to-boost-non-oil-exports/ |access-date=2020-11-09 |website=Businessday NG |language=en-US}}</ref> Ma'aikatun sune: * Ma'aikatar Ayyuka ta Kamfanoni * Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Kasuwanci da Karfafawa * Ma'aikatar Ci gaban Kayayyaki * Ma'aikatar Bayanai ta Kasuwanci * Ma'aikatar Siyasa da Dabarun * Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ofisoshin Jiha * Ma'aikatar Samun Kasuwanci * Ofishin Babban Jami'in Sashen.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About NEPC {{!}} NEPC |url=https://nepc.gov.ng/about-us/about-nepc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729025609/http://nepc.gov.ng/about-us/about-nepc/ |archive-date=2018-07-29 |access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> == Gudanarwa == Babban Darakta / Shugaba na Majalisar Tallafin Fitar da Kasuwancin Najeriya (NEPC) shine Mista [[Segun Awolowo]] daga 2013-2017 Babban Darakta / Shugaba na Majalisar Tallafin Fitar da Kasuwancin Najeriya (NEPC) shine Dokta Ezra Yakusak 2021-2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=RR |date=2021-10-13 |title=Yakusak Replaces Segun Awolowo as NEPC Boss |url=https://economicconfidential.com/2021/10/yakusak-replaces-segun-awolowo/ |access-date=2022-02-07 |website=Economic Confidential |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-02-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207093926/https://economicconfidential.com/2021/10/yakusak-replaces-segun-awolowo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Executive Director/CEO of The Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC) is Mrs. Nonye Ayeni 2023 - date{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=March 2026}} == Dubi kuma == * [[Tattalin arzikin Najeriya]] * [[LADOL]] - yanki na musamman na tattalin arzikiYankin tattalin arziki na musamman == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4inxwr1pxovv9ypw9nfdve91rak5tsg 0 146776 828128 814509 2026-04-30T19:15:05Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Guhamiriza1.jpg|thumb|312x312px|Misalin rawa ta Intre, ma'ana ''Rawar Jarumai'']] '''Tatsuniyar Rwanda''' ta ƙunshi [[Camfi|tatsuniyoyi]], tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi, gami da halittun tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi na birane, [[karin magana]] ( ''imigani'' ), camfi, balladry da tatsuniyoyi, waɗanda aka yi ta magana da su tsawon ƙarni da yawa. Kodayake yawancin [[Banyarwanda|'yan Rwanda]] sun yi imani da [[Addinan Ibrahimiyya|addinan Ibrahim]], tatsuniyoyi suna kiyaye asalin [[Banyarwanda]] na da kuma siffanta al'umma ta zamani. Abin lura shi ne, yana da siffofi da imani [[Addinan Ibrahimiyya|na Ibrahim]], gami da Allah mai tauhidi, ruhohi masu kama da rai, da ra'ayoyi game da sama da duniya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Magic and beliefs |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/magic-and-beliefs/qQVxuknZwPLbcg |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Banyarwanda Mythology |url=https://www.folklore.earth/culture/banyarwanda/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.folklore.earth |language=en}}</ref> Labarai da yawa suna haɗa layin da ke tsakanin tarihi da tatsuniyoyi. == Tatsuniyoyi na Gargajiya == === Hotuna da jarumai === * ''Ryangombe'' wani allah ne mai kama da mutum, jarumi kuma shugaba, wanda ake yabawa a zamaninsa, wanda bayan mutuwarsa, ya zama shugaban imandwa, ƙungiyar ruhohi waɗanda ke shiga tsakani tsakanin [[Imana]] da mutane. Wani sigar labarinsa, ya ba da labarin Ryangombe (mai rai) yana tuntuɓe a kan wani yanki mai tsarki, inda ya haɗu da ruhohi waɗanda suka gane baiwarsa kuma suka ba shi damar hawa zuwa duniyar ruhaniya. Ryangombe ya yarda, kuma ya canza zuwa ruhu mai ƙarfi, wanda ya zama shugaban imandwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=centreforelites |date=3 February 2025 |title=The Legend of Ryangombe: A Deep Dive into Rwandan Mythology {{!}} Umuco Nyarwanda |url=https://umuco.centreforelites.com/the-legend-of-ryangombe-a-deep-dive-into-rwandan-mythology/,%20https://umuco.centreforelites.com/the-legend-of-ryangombe-a-deep-dive-into-rwandan-mythology/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> <ref name=":2"/> * ''Ngunda'' mutum ne mai ƙarfin hali da kwadayi, wanda ya noma ƙasar da ƙarfi kuma ya ci abinci da yunwa har nomansa da aikinsa a ƙasar ya haifar da tsaunukan Rwanda. Lokacin da ya ziyarci surukinsa Mirenge, ya yi amfani da ƙugiya 50 yana noma ƙasar kuma ya cinye saniya gaba ɗaya, kwanduna da yawa na burodi da tulun giya ba tare da gamsuwa ba. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=A glimpse into mythical legends that shaped Rwanda's folklore #rwanda #RwOT |url=http://en.webrwanda.com/2024/10/a-glimpse-into-mythical-legends-that.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Webrwanda English Version |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=A glimpse into mythical legends that shaped Rwanda's folklore |url=https://en.igihe.com/history/article/a-glance-at-mythical-legends-that-defined-rwanda-s-folklore |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=IGIHE |language=en}}</ref> * ''Ndabaga'' jaruma ce, wacce aka yi bikinta saboda sadaukar da kanta ga rundunar sarki domin ceton mahaifinta. A cikin labarin, doka ce ga 'ya'yan mutum su yi hidima a rundunar sarki, in ba haka ba mutumin zai yi wa sarki hidima muddin yana raye. Mahaifin Ndabaga, Nyamutezi, ba shi da 'ya'ya maza, duk da haka, Ndabaga, ta ƙuduri aniyar ceton mahaifinta daga wannan ƙaddara, ta ɓoye kanta a matsayin mutum kuma ta horar da kanta har iyakarta. Saboda jarumtarta, an ba ta lada da shanu, kuma an tuna da labarinta da karin maganar " ''Ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga'' ", wanda ke fassara zuwa "Abubuwa sun kai matsayin Ndabaga". <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> * ''Mwungeri'' mutum ne da ake tunawa da shi saboda mutuncinsa da gaskiya, halayensa da ke haifar da kishi daga wasu. Wata rana, masu sukarsa sun ƙi ba shi rance don ya yi kiwo, har aka tilasta masa ya yi jima'i da wani bijimin asiri daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Wannan kishi ya koma baya, inda garken Mwungeri ya yawaita cikin sauri wanda ya kawo masa wadata. Duk da haka, wata rana da dare, wani mutum mai suna Gashubi ya shiga gidan Mwungeri ya yi lalata da matarsa. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> * ''Nyirarucyaba'' ita ce 'yar Gihanga tilo, wanda ya kafa Masarautar Rwanda, kuma an yi imanin cewa tatsuniya ce ta kawo shanu zuwa masarautar. An bayyana cewa ta gudu daga gidanta saboda takaddama tsakanin mahaifiyarta, Nyamususa, da uwarta, Nyirampirangwe, inda ta kare mahaifiyarta da ƙarfi. Saboda tsoron hukunci, ta gudu zuwa kotun Sarki Gihanga. Ta auri wani manomi mai suna Kazigaba, kuma wata rana, wata dabba da ba ta saba gani ba ta zo gidansu ta haihu washegari. Nyirarucyaba ta binciki wani ruwa mai diga sannan ta koma wurin Sarki Gihanga dauke da madarar a matsayin kyauta. Sarkin, bayan ya ji daɗi bayan ya sha, ya umarci bayinsa da su dawo da waɗannan shanun zuwa Rwanda. Ana kyautata zaton Dutsen Kabuye a yankin Nemba na gundumar Gakenke ya ba Nyirarucyaba da shanunta mafaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Myth of Nyirarucyaba and the Origin of Cows in Rwanda |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/the-myth-of-nyirarucyaba-and-the-origin-of-cows-in-rwanda/7AVxx0kMcuqDPQ |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> === Alloli === * ''Nyabinghi'', ɗaya daga cikin allolin Rwanda da aka fi sani, allahiya ce mai ƙarfi mace, wadda ake kyautata zaton tana shiga cikin harkokin yau da kullun don samar da walwala. Mutane za su ba da kyaututtuka don faranta mata rai da kuma ci gaba da wadata. <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite journal |url-status=170–180}}</ref> === Halittu na tatsuniyoyi === * An bayyana ''Abatagana'' a matsayin manyan mutane na farko da [[Imana]] ya ƙirƙira don siffanta duniya, waɗanda suka ƙirƙiri koguna, tafkuna da shimfidar wurare. <ref name=":2"/> * ''Inzoka'' mugaye ne masu kama da macizai waɗanda ke zaune a tsakanin tafkuna da koguna, ana kyautata zaton suna da iko a kan fari da ambaliyar ruwa. <ref name=":2" /> == Imana == A cikin mulkin mallaka na Rwanda, ana ganin Imana a matsayin Allah mafi girma wanda ya rayu sama da sammai (a yau duniya tana nufin Allah na Kirista). Koyaya an kalli shi mai nisa kuma yana da wuya ya shiga cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, saboda haka addinin Rwanda ya kasance mai tsakiya, amma tasirin mafi girma an tura shi ta hanyar ruhaniya. A ƙasar Rwanda kafin mulkin mallaka, kamar Allahn Kirista, ana ɗaukar Imana a matsayin babban alƙali na ɗabi'un ɗan adam, kuma rashin adalci na iya haifar da rashin sa'a. Wannan ra'ayi ya wanzu a cikin tatsuniyar Barundi, kuma kalmar da ake kira Allahn Kirista ita ce Imana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kirundi Study & Dictionary |url=https://www.matana.de/index1.php?deep&q=imana |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.matana.de}}</ref> == Ruhohi da Mutane == === Addinin Biyu === Tatsuniyar Rwanda tana da fahimtar mutanen da aka fi bayyana su a matsayin masu bin ra'ayin biyu, tare da mutum yana da sassa biyu, jiki da ake iya gani da kuma ruhun da ba a iya gani. <ref name=":0"/> Ana ɗaukar mutuwa a matsayin sauyawa zuwa ''abazimu'', ruhohin matattu. Tunda, ana ɗaukar ruhohi da sarakuna a matsayin masu shiga tsakani tsakanin [[Imana]], suna ba da ƙarin iko, kamar iya sarrafa rashin lafiya da gazawar amfanin gona. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda - Spirituality |url=https://www.cp-pc.ca/english/rwanda/spirit.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.cp-pc.ca}}</ref> === Kakanni === Bayan lokaci sababbin matattu sun zama masu tsarki, ruhohi masu daraja, waɗanda iyalai ke addu'a. Ayyukan jana'iza suna da mahimmanci. Iyalin za su dakatar da duk wani aiki bayan mutuwar, kuma matan iyali za su aske kawunansu a matsayin alamar makoki. Saboda an yi imanin cewa tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta sune wurin hutawa na ruhohin kakanninmu, an yi iminin mutuwa "mai zafi", saboda haka za a kira ruhun ''Umufumu'' don sanyaya gidan marigayin.<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":0"/> == Sarauta == [[Fayil:King_Gihanga.png|thumb|Nunin Gihanga Ngomijana Minaganza, sarki na farko a cikin al'ummar rudawa na Ruwanda.]] Imana ta ɗauki sarakuna a matsayin waɗanda ta zaɓa, kuma mulkinsu ya kasance kamar wanda Allah ya amince da shi. Ana sa ran sarkin zai kawo zaman lafiya, wadata da adalci a tsakanin dukkan kabilu kuma ya kare masarautar daga barazanar waje. Wasu tatsuniyoyi sun nuna cewa Imana ta gwada sarakuna ta hanyar gwaji don tabbatar da darajarsu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda's Folklore: Understanding the Myths Behind the Culture |url=https://www.mexicohistorico.com/paginas/rwanda-s-folklore-understanding-the-myths-behind-the-culture-cffb1ac8.html |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=www.mexicohistorico.com}}</ref> * Ana ɗaukar Gihanga a matsayin wanda ya kafa Masarautar Rwanda, wanda aka ce ya gabatar da muhimman fannoni na wayewar manyan tafkuna, kamar shanu, aikin ƙarfe, aikin katako, tukwane da ingobyi ( abin hawa da aka yi da papyrus ). Ana cewa Gihanga ya yi mulki daga fadarsa a dajin Buhganga kuma ya haifi ɗa da mace. Bayan rasuwarsa, an yi imanin cewa ɗansa, Kanyarwanda Gahima, ya gaje shi. <ref name=":4"/> == Balladry == Waƙar gargajiya ta Rwanda ta samo asali ne daga al'adar baki kuma ta ƙunshi nau'ikan waƙoƙi da salon waƙa daban-daban kamar: * Ibitekerezo, [[Epic Poetry|waƙoƙin gargajiya]] da aka yi a fadar sarki, waɗanda galibi ke ba da labarin tarihin daular Rwanda a cikin salon waƙa. * Indirimbo, waƙoƙi masu sauƙin amfani kamar ''igihozo'' (waƙoƙin waƙa da na soyayya), waƙoƙin aiki (misali noma, tafiya, kiwon zuma, maƙera), ''amahigi'' (waƙoƙin farauta ko waƙoƙin kiwo suna yabon shanu) Kayan kida na gargajiya da za su iya raka su sune: ''Inanga'' (zither), ''ikembe'' (lamellophone), ''umuduri'' (bakan kiɗa), ''indingiti'' (fiddle) ''ko ihembe'' (ƙaho) tare da busar ganguna na ''ingoma'', ƙararrawa, kararrawa, da busa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Songs of the Watutsi |url=https://folkways.si.edu/songs-of-the-watutsi/world/music/album/smithsonian |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Smithsonian Folkways Recordings |language=en-US}}</ref> == Karin magana da camfe-camfe == Karin maganar Rwanda ( ''Imigani)'' da camfe-camfe ba wai kawai suna wanzuwa daga tatsuniyoyi ba, har ma suna nan a cikin al'ummar zamani, yayin da karin magana suka bambanta domin ana amfani da shi a matsayin jagororin rayuwa ga dukkan tsararraki, yayin da camfe-camfe galibi suna zaune ne a cikin tsofaffin 'yan Rwanda (ban da banda). An lissafa wasu karin maganar da ba na addini ba a ƙasa: * ''Inda y'ûndi ítèra indûrú ntibábimenye'' ''— Cikin ɗayan yana kuka kuma babu wanda ya ji shi'' — Wasu suna shan wahala yana da wuya a gane * ''Ùrusha dukina w'ûmwâna imbabázi aba ashâka kumúlya'' ''—'' Wanda ya fi uwa nuna tausayi, yana ƙoƙarin cin yaron — Babu wanda ya fi uwa tausayi. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Proverbs {{!}} Jean-Paul Martinon |url=https://jeanpaulmartinon.net/rap/rwanda/rwanda-proverbs/ |access-date=6 September 2025 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Injunga y'úrulími inèsha injunga z'îgitèro'' ''—'' Kaifin harshe yana kayar da kaifin mayaka — Harshe ya fi ƙarfi fiye da makamai. <ref name=":6" /> * ''Mayenya ímenya isuku ishyize ímbere alíko ntîmenya úmwanda isize ínyuma'' ''—'' Matukin jirgi ya san tsaftar da ke gaba, ba a taɓa barin ƙazanta a baya ba — Ilimi na gaskiya yana kula da komai, jahilci ne kawai a kula da abin da za ku iya gani. <ref name=":6" /> * ''Agacúmu kazâguhòrera ntûmenyá uwagácuze'' ''—'' Ba ka taɓa sanin sunan wanda zai yi maka ramawa ba — Makomar koyaushe ba ta da tabbas. <ref name=":6" /> === camfe-camfe === * Bai kamata mace ta taɓa kiran surukinta da suna ba — Al'adar al'ada mai tushe da aka haɗa da kunya. * Busawa haramun ne, musamman da daddare - Imani ne da aka saba da shi kuma an hana shi sosai. * Kada a taɓa faɗin tatsuniya da rana — Shahararriyar dokar bayar da labarai a Rwanda, bayar da labarai ana keɓe su ne don dare kuma ba da labarinsu da rana ana iya ganin yana kawo rashin sa'a. * Kada ka taɓa yanke farce da daddare - An yi imanin cewa yana jawo sa'a ko kuma mummunan hali. == Tatsuniyoyi == * Kwandon Gisaka da Ibimanuka da ke tashi — Labari mai ban mamaki game da kwandon tashi wanda ya iso dauke da baƙi da ake kyautata zaton sun fito ne daga wata duniya ( ''Ibimanuka)'' waɗanda aka ce suna ba da kyauta. Labarin ya samo asali ne daga Gisaka, wata masarauta ta gabas wadda daga ƙarshe za ta shiga masarautar Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maurice |date=13 November 2024 |title=The mystery of Rwanda's Ibimanuka dynasty and the legend of the flying basket of Gisaka |url=https://medium.com/%40magorane/the-mystery-of-rwandas-ibimanuka-dynasty-and-the-legend-of-the-flying-basket-of-gisaka-89bbce30dc7e |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=Medium}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Athar |first=Amani |date=28 August 2024 |title=Debunking the myth: The true origins of Ibimanuka vs Abasangwabutaka in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/19614/opinions/debunking-the-myth-the-true-origins-of-ibimanuka-vs-abasangwabutaka-in-rwanda |access-date=6 September 2025 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Nassoshi == gcqxpbnfp8c1yc5yio7bz5kjrwjhp4v 0 146833 828206 814903 2026-05-01T00:53:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lily Mubitana Monze''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1936) malamar [[Zambiya|ƙasar Zambia]] ce, 'yar siyasa, tsohuwar 'yar majalisa, jakadiya kuma marubuciya. Ta riƙe muƙamai da dama na minista a gwamnatin [[Kenneth Kaunda]] kuma ta kasance babbar jigo a fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata a ƙasar Zambia. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Monze a shekarar 1936 kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan Zambia, ta farko da aka ba su digirin jami'a.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ghodsee |first=Kristen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EeeEDwAAQBAJ&dq=lily+monze&pg=PT149 |title=Second World, Second Sex: Socialist Women's Activism and Global Solidarity during the Cold War |date=2019-01-31 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-1-4780-0327-4 |language=en}}</ref> Lokacin da Zambia, ta sami 'yancin kai a shekarar 1964, ta riga ta fara aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta. Ta yi aiki a cibiyoyin ilimi da dama na ƙasa. A shekarar 1967, ta halarci taronta na farko [[Feminism|na mata]] na duniya a Moscow. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Ghodsee |first=Kristen |date=2015-06-10 |title=Internationalisme socialiste et féminisme d'État pendant la Guerre froide. Les relations entre Bulgarie et Zambie |url=https://journals.openedition.org/clio/12374 |journal=Clio. Femmes, Genre, Histoire |language=fr |issue=41 |pages=114–137 |doi=10.4000/clio.12374 |issn=1252-7017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Tana aiki a Jam'iyyar 'Yancin Kai ta Ƙasa (UNIP), ta zama memba a Majalisar Dokokin ƙasar Zambia, daga shekarun 1973 zuwa 1978, kuma ta taka rawa sosai a batun wakiltar mata a rayuwar siyasa ta Zambia, inda ta zama fitacciyar shugabar mata kuma mai fafutukar kare [[Haƙƙoƙin Mata|haƙƙin mata]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghodsee |first=Kristen R. |date=2021-07-01 |title=Les « grands-mères rouges » du mouvement international des femmes |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2021/07/GHODSEE/63271 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Le Monde diplomatique |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.zm%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fimages%2Fpublication_docs%2FAn%2520Insight%2520into%2520the%2520Evolution%2520of%2520the%2520Zambian%2520Parliament.pdf AN INSIGHT INTO THE EVOLUTION OF THE ZAMBIAN PARLIAMENT]</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lunz |first=Kristina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIXVEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Lily+Monze%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT23 |title=The Future of Foreign Policy Is Feminist |date=2023-09-05 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-5095-5784-4 |language=en}}</ref> An naɗa ta Ministar Tsare-tsare da Kuɗi a shekarar 1973, kuma ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ministocin mata na farko a Zambia; ta riƙe wannan ma'aikatar har zuwa shekara ta 1975. A shekarar 1976, an naɗa ta Ministar Jiha a Ofishin Firayim Minista, tana aiki har zuwa shekara ta 1977 a wannan matsayin, inda ta koma Ministar Jiha ta Haɗin gwiwar Tattalin Arziki da Fasaha daga shekarun 1977 zuwa 1978.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Programme (Zambia) |first=United Nations Development |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZG2AAAAIAAJ&q=%22Lily+Monze%22+-wikipedia |title=36 Years of UNDP's Partnership with the Government of Zambia, 1964-2000 |date=2001 |publisher=UNDP |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 1991, [[Kenneth Kaunda]] ta shirya zaɓen shugaban ƙasa mai 'yanci; Frederick Chiluba ya kayar da shi a wannan zaɓen, sannan ya bar mulki. A ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Chiluba, a shekarar 1992 aka naɗa ta Jakadiyar Zambia, a Faransa, kuma ta riƙe wannan muƙamin har zuwa shekara ta 1996.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citation |title=Remise de lettres de créance |url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000541552 |access-date=2023-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1992-07-31 |title=Zambie: un vent de privatisations |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/1992/07/zambie-un-vent-de-privatisations-930443 |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}</ref> Daga baya ta zama memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na Cibiyar Bincike da Horarwa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da Ci gaban Mata. <ref name=":0" /> == Rubuce-rubuce da rayuwarsu ta baya == A shekarar 2017, Lily Monze ta buga littafinta na farko na yara, ''Rain Child'', wanda ke murnar tatsuniyoyin Afirka da mahimmancin ba da labarin al'adu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Monze |first=Lily |date=2018-04-18 |title=Sarah Hlupekile Longwe launches Lily Monze’s ‘Rain Child’ book - Rainbow news zambia |url=https://rainbownewszambia.com/archives/4579,%20https://rainbownewszambia.com/archives/4579 |access-date=2025-07-16 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> A shekarar 2023, ta yi aiki tare da ''Beyond the Horizons'', wani labari na tarihi game da Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Chipembi, tana mai nuni kan rawar da ilimin mishan ke takawa wajen ciyar da ilimin 'yan mata a Zambia, gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Studies Research Seminar - Book launch for Beyond the Horizons: Chipembi School Blazes the Trail for Girls Education and Empowerment in Zambia (Gadsden, 2023) |url=https://www.africanstudies.ox.ac.uk/event/african-studies-research-seminar-book-launch-for-beyond-the-horizons-chipembi-school-blazes-th |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.africanstudies.ox.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] 60phzuotyphwnd7gpi7ikwfx56qmrr7 0 147099 828219 816319 2026-05-01T02:18:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lizzie Mūthoni Wanyoike''' (née '''Elizabeth Mūthoni''' 1951 - 14 Janairu 2024) 'yar kasuwa ce ta Kenya, malama, kuma mai ba da agaji, wacce ita ce ta kafa kuma babban jami'in gudanarwa na Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta Nairobi (NIBS). <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Muiruri |first=Mwangi |date=19 March 2018 |title=How I got 6,000 students at city business college |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/corporate/enterprise/How-I-got-6-000-students-at-city-business-college/4003126-4348550-c4orpyz/index.html |access-date=29 November 2018}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haifi Lizzie Wanyoike a cikin Gundumar Murang'a a shekara ta 1951. Ita ce ta shida a cikin iyali na 'yan uwa goma. Mahaifinta shugaban ƙauye ne yayin da mahaifiyarta uwar gida ce. Iyalin ba su da wadata, bisa ga labarinta.<ref name="1R"/> Wanyoike ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Gathuki-ini, a Wathenge, Mūrang'a County, kafin ta koma makarantar sakandare ta 'yan mata ta Kahūhia, a Karuri, Muranga County, inda ta kammala karatu tare da Diploma na makarantar sakandare. Daga nan aka shigar da ita Kwalejin [[Jami'ar Kenyatta]] (a yau Jami'ar Kenya), inda ta kammala karatu tare da difloma a Ilimi.<ref name="1R"/> == Kwarewar aiki == A shekara ta 1972, an tura ta makarantar 'yan mata ta State House a [[Nairobi]], a matsayin malamar makarantar sakandare, a albashi na kowane wata na KSh 961. A shekara ta 1975, Ta fahimci cewa yin aiki ga wani ba shine kiranta ba. Tare da mijinta da sauran abokan kasuwanci, sun kafa Kwalejin Nazarin Sakatariyar Haikali, wanda ke zaune a Nairobi.<ref name="1R"/> Wanyoike, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba da malami a Haikali, ta kusanci gudanarwa tare da ra'ayoyi game da fadada menu, da kuma kara yawan ɗalibai, gudanarwa ta ƙi shawararta. A cikin 1999, tana dauke da tanadin KSh6 miliyan (US $ 60,000) da rancen banki daga Equity Bank Kenya Limited, wanda ya kai KSh4 miliyan (US$ 40,000), ta bar Haikali kuma ta kafa NIBS.<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Mwangi |first=James |date=2017 |title=I built my empire with plots and bonds: NIBS Founder |url=https://www.sde.co.ke/thenairobian/article/2001256281/i-built-my-empire-with-plots-and-bonds-nibs-founder |access-date=30 November 2018 |publisher=SDE Kenya Quoting The Nairobian |archive-date=1 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005250/https://www.sde.co.ke/thenairobian/article/2001256281/i-built-my-empire-with-plots-and-bonds-nibs-founder |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta NAIROBI == Tare da KSh10 miliyan ta tashe Wanyoike ta kafa NIBS a cikin wuraren haya, farawa da dalibai 25 da malamai biyu, a cikin 2000.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> Bayan mummunan farawa, a shekara ta 2010, ta tara KSh134 miliyan (US $ 1.34 miliyan), wanda aka yi amfani da shi don gina hedkwatar cibiyar a Rūirū-Kìmbo, Kiambu County, a kan kadada 10 (4 , yanki na dukiya.[1] A shekara ta 2018, NIBS tana da yawan dalibai sama da 6,000 da kuma malamai da suka kai sama da 250, a makarantun hudu a Ongata Rongai, Thika Town, Gundumar Kasuwancin Nairobi ta Tsakiya da Rūirū-Kìmbo, tare da babbar hanyar Thika. [1][2] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1951]] 65afrcjd7sv2un2kw29r03l87hdaq96 0 147107 828230 816330 2026-05-01T05:02:31Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828230 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Virgen_de_la_leche,_Luisa_Roldán.jpg|thumb|''Virgo lactans'', kimanin 1689-1706, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha Mai Kyau, Seville]] [[Fayil:GinesdelaJara_003.jpg|thumb|''Saint Ginés de la Jara'', 1692, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles]] [[Fayil:SoledadPuertoReal.jpg|thumb|''Budurwa ta kadaitaka'', 1688, Iglesia de la Victoria, Puerto Real]] '''Luisa Ignacia Roldán''' (8 Satumba 1652 <ref>Birth date is based on baptismal certificate. Catherine Hall van den Elsen. ''Roldana, Andalucía Barroca'' 2007. Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura. {{ISBN|978-84-8266-717-1}}. p. 21.</ref> – 10 Janairu 1706), wacce aka fi sani da '''La Roldana''', ta kasance mai sassaka Sipaniya a [[Baroque|Zamanin Baroque]] . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara sassaka da aka rubuta a Spain. Ƙungiyar Hispanic ta Amurka ta amince da Roldán saboda kasancewa "ɗaya daga cikin 'yan mata masu fasaha da suka kula da ɗakin studio a wajen gidajen ibada a zamanin Golden Age na Spain". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-25 |title=Sculpture |url=https://hispanicsociety.org/museum/arts-of-spain-portugal/sculpture-of-spain-portugal/ |access-date=2020-12-08 |website=Hispanic Society of America |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417055733/https://hispanicsociety.org/museum/arts-of-spain-portugal/sculpture-of-spain-portugal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saboda ingancin aikinta, Antonio Palomino ya ɗauke ta a matsayin mai mahimmanci a fannin sassaka kamar mahaifinta, Pedro Roldán . Duk da cewa Roldán ta zama ''Esculator de Cámara'', ko Mai Zane na Kotu, ga Sarki Charles na Biyu na Habsburg, ta sha wahala a fannin kuɗi. Kamar sauran masu fasaha na zamaninta, ta mutu cikin talauci, tana sanya hannu kan sanarwar talauci jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarta. A ranar mutuwarta, an ba Roldan lakabin "Malamin Ilimi" daga Kwalejin San Luca da ke Rome. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Roldán a [[Sevilla|Seville]], Spain, 'yar mai sassaka Pedro Roldán da matarsa Teresa de Ortega. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=García-Martín |first=Elena |date=2012 |title=Gendered Representations of the Militant Church Ana Caro's and Luisa Roldan's Rhetoric of War and Religion |url=https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/emw/article/view/18745/15680 |journal=Early Modern Women |volume=7 |pages=69–100 |doi=10.1086/EMW23617532 |s2cid=164446059 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mahaifinta, tare da 'yan uwanta, sun koya mata yadda ake zana, amfani da laka don siffanta siffofi da kuma a ƙarshe sassaka ko sassaka a cikin itace. Ta zama mai koyon aiki a wurin aikin mahaifinta. <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Bassett |first=Jane |date=2011 |title=Process and Collaboration in a Seventeenth-Century Polychrome Sculpture: Luisa Roldán and Tomás de Los Arcos |journal=Getty Research Journal |volume=3 |pages=15–32 |doi=10.1086/grj.3.23005385 |s2cid=192219453}}</ref> Shi ma Luis Antonio de los Arcos ne ya yi aiki a cikin wannan bitar, wanda Roldán ya aura lokacin da take da shekara 19. [1] Auren ya saba wa nufin mahaifinta. Santiago Montoto, a rubuce a shekarar 1920, ya kai ga bayyana shi a matsayin "sace" (" rapto "), wataƙila yana nuna rashin fahimtar al'adun aure na lokacin. Abokan hulɗar da aka zaɓa na 'yan'uwanta mata biyu da ɗan'uwa ɗaya suma sun gamu da rashin amincewar iyaye. Bayan haka, Roldán ya yi aiki a Cádiz daga 1686 zuwa 1688. Ta kafa nata wurin aiki, tare da mijinta da surukinta, Tomás de los Arcos, don ƙirƙirar sassaka na katako masu launuka iri-iri na addini. Roldán shine babban mai sassaka, <ref name=":1"/> yayin da Tomás ya taimaka da ƙwarewarsa a fannin zane na jiki da kuma yin zinare. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khandekar |first=Narayan |last2=Schilling |first2=Michael |date=2001 |title=A Technical Examination of a Seventeenth-Century Polychrome Sculpture of St. Gines de la Jara by Luisa Roldan |journal=Studies in Conservation |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=23–34}}</ref> Ya kasance ƙwararre a fannin zane na jiki. <ref name=":3"/> Ta ƙirƙiri sassaka na katako da kuma siffofi ga Cathedral na Cádiz da majalisar garin. A shekara ta 1688 ta ƙaura zuwa [[Madrid]], <ref>Her arrival there can be dated some time before 28 February 1688, when her daughter María Bernarda was baptized in the parish church of San Bernardo, Madrid. Catherine Hall van den Elsen. ''Roldana, Andalucía Barroca'' 2007. Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Cultura. {{ISBN|978-84-8266-717-1}}. p. 25.</ref> kuma a shekara ta 1692 aka ba ta matsayin " ''escultora de camara'' " ko "Mai Zane ga Ɗakin," inda ta yi wa Charles II sannan daga baya Philip V hidima a matsayin "Mai Zane ga Sarki". Roldán ya ƙirƙiri wani yanki na terracotta mai suna ''Virgen con el Nino'', sannan ya ba da shi ga Accademia di San Luca, wanda aka shigar da ita a ƙarshen rayuwarta. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Estrella |first=Felipe Serrano |date=2013 |title=State gift or strategy? La Roldana's Nazareno |journal=Sculpture Journal |volume=22 Issue. 2}}</ref> Roldán tana da 'ya'ya bakwai, biyu daga cikinsu sun rayu har zuwa lokacin da ta girma. A lokacin da take aiki a Charles II, Roldán, mijinta, da 'ya'yansu duk sun sha wahala a lokacin rikicin tattalin arzikin ƙasar. Ta yi ƙoƙarin inganta yanayin kuɗinta ta hanyar roƙon taimakon matar Charles II ta biyu, Sarauniya [[Maria Ana of Neuburg|Maria Anna]] . Sarauniya ta amsa ta hanyar ba da kuɗi, amma hakan bai isa ba. Mijin Luisa, Luis Antonio de los Arcos, yana fatan inganta al'amura ta hanyar neman matsayi a kotu, amma bai yi nasara ba. Mijin Roldán ya taka rawa wajen tallata aikinta da kuma faɗaɗa sunanta. Charles II ya ba da umarnin a yi wani sassaka mai suna ''Nazareno'' ("Tuba"), amma, bayan mutuwar Charles, wannan ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin shagon mai zane. Mijinta ya yi ƙoƙarin a aika sassaken zuwa Roma ta hanyar shawarwarin masu tasiri, amma maimakon haka wani gidan sufi a Sisante, Cuenca ya saya shi. Roldán ya mutu cikin talauci a Madrid a shekara ta 1706. == Manyan ayyuka == [[Fayil:San_Miguel_venciendo_al_demonio_(La_Roldana).jpg|thumb|''St. Michael Overwhelming the Aljan'', 1692, Gidan Tarihi na Royal Collections, Madrid]] Ayyukan Roldán suna da alaƙa sosai da "a bayyane yake, gashin da ke da kauri, labule masu walƙiya, da fuskoki masu ban mamaki masu idanu masu laushi, gashin ido mai laushi, kunci mai launin shuɗi, da lebe masu ɗan rabuwa." "Girman da aka saka" waɗanda wani lokacin ake lura da su a cikin mala'ikun terracotta nata ba a saba ganin su a cikin ayyukanta da aka yi da itace ba, waɗanda ke da siffa ta gashin ido a buɗe, daidai gwargwado. ''St. Ginés de la Jara'', wacce aka yi a kusa da 1692, yanzu tana Cibiyar Getty . Ba kamar rigar St Michael ɗinta da ke tashi a El Escorial ba, rigar da Getty's San Gines ke sawa tana da shiru sosai. Hotunan da aka yi wa ado waɗanda za a iya danganta su da ita da aminci sun haɗa da siffofi na ''Virgen de la Soledad'', Mary Magdalen, da [[Isa|Yesu]] . <ref name="Cádiz Cofrade - Imaginería">{{Cite web |title=Cádiz Cofrade - Imaginería |url=http://www.cadizcofrade.net/imagineros/roldana.htm |website=cadizcofrade.net}}</ref> Ɓangaren ''Virgen de la Soledad'' ya bayyana a Cocin Katolika da dama kuma ya jawo hankalin mutane da yawa daga azuzuwan zamantakewa daban-daban. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Lenaghan |first=Patrick |date=January 1, 2020 |title=Luisa Roldán's Virgin of Solitude (Virgen De La Soledad) |journal=Bulletin of the Detroit Institute of Arts |volume=94 |pages=54–73 |doi=10.1086/714901 |s2cid=233374320 |via=The University of Chicago Press}}</ref> A Cádiz, ayyukanta sun haɗa da mutum-mutumin Anthony na Padua, Ecce Homo, da Saints Servandus da Cermanus . <ref name="Cádiz Cofrade - Imaginería" /> Ta kasance kwararriyar mai sassaka. Yawancin ayyukanta sun haɗa da sassaka na addini ga majami'u. Misali, sassaka na tsarkakakkun waliyyai, Mala'ika Mai Tsarki Michael da Maryamu Magadaliya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taggard |first=Mindy Nancarrow |date=1998 |title=Luisa Roldán's 'Jesus of Nazareth': The Artist as Spiritual Medium |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=9–15 |doi=10.2307/1358648 |jstor=1358648}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Liana |first=De Girolami Cheney |date=2005 |title=Luisa Ignacia Roldán 'La Roldana': New Attributions to the First Sculptress of Spain, 1652–1706 |journal=Mediterranean Studies |volume=14 |pages=148–168}}</ref> Yayin da take zaune a Madrid, ta kuma yi ƙananan ayyukan terracotta waɗanda suka shahara da ƙananan bourgeoisie . Ana iya amfani da ƙananan ayyukan don ibada ta kai tsaye kuma sun ɗauki nau'ikan al'amuran addini, siffofin ɗan adam da dabbobi. An yaɗu da kayan aikinta sosai a [[Andalusia]], da kuma a Madrid, Móstoles da Sisante ( Lardin Cuenca ), New York, London, Ontario, Los Angeles da Chicago. Ana danganta waɗannan sassaka a cikin cocin Sipaniya da ita: * ''Maryamu Mai Tsarki ta Shiru'' ( ''María Santísima del Silencio'' ), Jaén * Siffofin katako da aka sassaƙa na San Servando da San Germán, majiɓintan Cádiz, a cikin Cathedral na Cádiz * Saint Joseph, Iglesia de San Antonio, Cádiz * Saint Anthony na Padua, Iglesia de Santa Cruz, Cádiz * Saint John the Baptist, Iglesia de San Antonio de Padua, Cádiz * ''Uwargidanmu na baƙin ciki na Magunguna'' ( ''Dolorosa de los Remedios'' ), Jerez de la Frontera * ''Budurwa ta kaɗaita'' ( ''Virgen de la Soledad'' ), Iglesia de la Victoria, Puerto Real * ''Ecce Homo'', Cádiz Cathedral. 1684. An sassaka itace mai siffar polychrome, 165&nbsp;cm. An tabbatar da ranar ta hanyar wani takarda da aka samu a cikinta yayin gyaran da JM Sánchez Peña ya yi a shekarar 1984. Kan, hannaye, hannaye da kuma tsayin jiki har zuwa kwatangwalo an yi su ne da itacen cedar, sauran kuma har da chlamys an yi su ne da itacen pine . <ref>Antonio Torrejón Díaz: ''Roldana Andalucía Barroca'', 2007. Junta de Andalucía. p. 174. {{ISBN|978-84-8266-717-1}}.</ref> * ''Ecce Homo'', Córdoba * ''Kristi na Yafe'', ( ''Cristo del Perdón'' ), Fregenal de la Sierra * Saint Ferdinand, Babban Cocin Las Palmas, Gran Canaria * ''Penitent'' ( ''Nazareno'' ), Iglesia de las Hermanas Nazarenas, Sisante [[Fayil:The_Entombment_of_Christ_LC-2016_482-001.jpg|thumb|''Kabarin Almasihu'' (1701), Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan]] An kashe wani mutum-mutumi na Mary Magdalene a Cádiz da gobara a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a shekarar 1936. Sauran ayyukan da aka fi sani suna cikin tarin kayan tarihi da gidajen tarihi: * ''St. Michael Ya Cika Aljani'', Gidan Tarihi na Tarin Sarauta, Madrid * ''Virgo lactans'', Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts na Seville * ''Mutuwa ko Farin Ciki na Maryamu Magdalene'', ''Auren Saint Catherine'', Ƙungiyar Hispanic ta Amurka, [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] * ''Saint Joachim, Saint Ann da Budurwa a matsayin Yara'' ( ''La Virgen niña con San Joaquín y Santa Ana'' ) da ''Matakan Farko na Yesu'' ( ''Los primeros pasos de Jesús'' ), Museum of Fine Arts, Guadalajara, Spain * Saint Michael, Gidan Tarihi na Royal Ontario, [[Toronto]], [[Kanada]] . * ''Budurwar ta bayyana a'' gidan tarihi na Saint James Victoria da Albert, [[Landan|London]], [[Ingila]] . * ''Kabarin Almasihu'', Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Metropolitan, New York. * ''Ilimi ga Budurwa'', LACMA, Los Angeles. * ''Ilimi na Budurwa'', Gidan Tarihi na Blanton, Austin. == Salo da hanya == An ƙirƙiri salon fasahar Roldán ta hanyar ra'ayinta game da duniya, damar da take da ita na samun albarkatu da kayan da ta yi amfani da su wajen ƙera sassaka masu cikakken bayani. Ta yi amfani da nau'ikan itace guda uku daban-daban don ƙirƙirar wasu sassaka, kamar ''St. Ginés de la Jara'' . Akwai nau'ikan guda biyu da ta fi so waɗanda suke da laushi da laushi. <ref name=":3"/> Roldán da mahaifinta, Pedro sun yi sassakansu, ''Gines'' da ''Saint Joseph tare da Yaron'', amma suna da sauƙi a nauyi ta hanyar amfani da kayan aiki daga wurare daban-daban a duniya. Dole ne su zaɓi kayan da za su taimaka wa kwanciyar hankalin mutum-mutumin. Misali: sun yi amfani da itacen cypress na Bahar Rum wanda itace ne da ya fito daga Bahar Rum. An yi amfani da itacen cedar na Sipaniya don hannuwa, mafi wahalar ɓangaren sassaka. Bayan samun kayan, Pedro ya yi amfani da wata dabara da aka sani a duk faɗin duniyar fasaha wacce ke huda ɓangaren itace. Roldan da ƙananan guntun itacen za su yi aiki a ƙafafun. Lokacin da ta gama sassaka ƙafafuwa, sai ta yi aiki a fuska. Luisa Roldán ta ƙirƙiri fuska da gemu ta wata hanya ta musamman ta hanyar sassaka abin rufe fuska daga wani tubalin itace wanda daga ƙarshe za a haɗa shi da bayan kai. <ref name=":3"/> A ƙarshe, ta ƙara cikakkun bayanai, kamar ganye da sauran alamu, a tushen sassaka. Daga nan aka ba wa mai zane, Tomás de los Arcos sassaka. == Gado == Luisa Roldán ta rinjayi mata masu fasaha da dama a Seville, Cádiz da Madrid ta hanyar sassaka da kirkire-kirkirenta na fasaha. Ana ganin mata masu fasaha a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin wani yanki na "na sirri" da kuma maza a wani yanki na "jama'a". Lokacin da Roldan ta ƙirƙiri sassaka ta, ta bayyana ayyukanta a bainar jama'a kuma ta canza yadda ake ɗaukar zane a shekarun 1600. Ita mace ce mai zane da aka sani da mai sassaka Sipaniya wadda ta ƙirƙiri sunanta. Ta hanyar zane-zanenta, ta sami damar samun lakabin sarauta a matsayin " ''escultora de camara'' ". Roldán ta sami damar kwatanta shigarta mai suna ''Lives of the Fine Spanish Painters and Sculptors'' . <ref name=":6" /> Duk da haka, a ƙarni na sha takwas an gano cewa mata sama da casa'in masu fasaha ne masu aiki a Spain da Portugal. Ana gano wasu mata masu fasaha da yawa a lokacin da Roldán ta buga zane-zanenta. Ta share hanyar fasahar kirkire-kirkire wadda ta mayar da hankali kan zane-zane da sassaka na terracotta. <ref name=":5" /> == Bayanan kula == <references></references> == Ƙarin karatu == *   * Hall-van den Elsen, Catherine ''Fuerza e Intimismo: Luisa Roldan, escultora'', 2018, Madrid, CSIC. {{ISBN|978-84-00-10377-4}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-84-00-10377-4|<bdi>978-84-00-10377-4</bdi>]] *   * Catherine, Hall-Van den Elsen. ''Luisa Roldán''. London: Lund Humphries and Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2021. {{ISBN|978-1-60606-732-1}}[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-732-1|<bdi>978-1-60606-732-1</bdi>]]. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199920105/obo-9780199920105-0154.xml Oxford Bibliographies Online: Luisa Roldán] * [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/roldan_luisa.html Artcyclopedia] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130313163018/http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=3503 Tarihin Luisa Roldán daga Gidan Tarihi na J. Paul Getty] * [http://www.getty.edu/art/exhibitions/roldana/index.html Nunin: La Roldana's Saint Ginés: Yin Sculpture na Polychrome] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161018174650/http://wwar.com/masters/r/roldan-luisa.html Tarihin Duniyar Fasaha] {{Authority control (arts)|country=ES}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] s71qv8iijm1j3tixgaugdvpalxddcoy 0 147130 828210 816531 2026-05-01T01:10:51Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828210 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Linda Bebko-Jones''' (1 ga Mayu, 1946 - 20 ga Nuwamba, 2011) 'yar siyasa ce ta Amurka wadda ta wakilci gundumar farko ta Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania, wacce ta ƙunshi sassan gundumar Erie . == Na Kai == An haifi Linda Bebko a Erie, Pennsylvania, kuma ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Villa Maria a shekarar 1964. <ref> name="official">{{Cite web |title=Linda Bebko-Jones (Democrat) |url=http://www2.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/memberinfo/house_bio.cfm?districtnumber=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020913032445/http://www2.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/memberinfo/house_bio.cfm?districtnumber=1 |archive-date=September 13, 2002 |website=Official Pennsylvania House of Representatives Profile |publisher=Pennsylvania House of Representatives}}</ref> Ta halarci Kwalejin Kasuwanci ta Erie daga 1964 zuwa 1965. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Bebko-Jones |url=http://www.votesmart.org/bio.php?can_id=9084 |access-date=February 29, 2008 |publisher=[[Project Vote Smart]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kafin ta zama jami'ar zaɓe, ta shafe lokaci tana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan barasa da miyagun ƙwayoyi kuma ta ce ita ma mashayi ce a baya. Daga baya, ta kasance darakta a ƙungiyar Women Against Sexual Harassment daga 1989 zuwa 1992 kuma ma'aikaciyar shari'a a Community House for Women daga 1990 zuwa 1991. Aikinta a siyasa ya fara ne da aikin mataimakiyar gudanarwa ga Sanata A. Buzz Andrezeski na Jihar Pennsylvania daga 1984 zuwa 1989, inda ta koma aiki a matsayin mai shari'a ga tsohon Sanata Harris Wofford na Amurka a 1990. Mijinta, Tom Jones, ya mutu a 2001 bayan ya kamu da cutar kansar makogwaro da wuya. Ta rasu a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 2011, tana da shekaru 65. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Bebko-Jones Obituary: View Linda Bebko-Jones's Obituary by Erie Times-News |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/erietimesnews/obituary.aspx?n=linda-bebko-jones&pid=154715998&fhid=5610 |access-date=November 25, 2011 |publisher=Legacy.com}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == === Farkon aikina === An fara zaɓen Bebko-Jones don wakiltar Gundumar 1 a Majalisar Wakilai ta Pennsylvania a shekarar 1992, inda ta kayar da Ken Kruszewski, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Democrat na farko a zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat. Ta ci gaba da kayar da Jerry Knight, ɗan jam'iyyar Republican, mai taimaka wa ɗan majalisar wakilai Phil English, a babban zaɓen da ƙuri'u 1,100. Bebko-Jones ta lashe zaɓen 1994 cikin sauƙi da ƙuri'u sama da 5,000 akan Jerry Podolsky. <ref name="formality" /> A shekarun 1996 da 2000, ta sake tsayawa takara ba tare da hamayya ba, kuma a shekarar 1998, ta yi nasara bayan abokin hamayyarta na jam'iyyar Republican ya janye takarar ya yi ƙoƙarin janyewa daga zaɓen. === Zaɓen 2004 === A zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2004, Bebko-Jones ta fuskanci Jim Herdzik. Kalubalen da ya fuskanta ya zo ne bayan wata badakala da ta shafi gobara a ofishin gundumarta. Nan da nan bayan gobarar, an sami rahotannin cewa Bebko-Jones ta bar sigari a ofishin. Jami'in kashe gobara bai taba tantance musabbabin ba, sai dai kawai ya ce ba da gangan ba ne. Bayan an yi gyaran ofishin, Bebko-Jones ta fice kafin karewar haya, tana mai ikirarin cewa iskar da ke cikin ginin ba ta da lafiya. Daga ƙarshe, mai gidanta ya amince da sulhu da jihar a kan kuɗin mai biyan haraji. Herdzik ma ta yi hayar tsohon ofishin a matsayin hedikwatar kamfen, wanda hakan ya nuna abin da ya faru. A ranar zaɓe, Bebko-Jones ta yi nasara cikin sauƙi da kashi 60% na ƙuri'un. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=2004 General Primary- Representative in the General Assembly |url=http://www.electionreturns.state.pa.us/ElectionsInformation.aspx?FunctionID=13&ElectionID=10&OfficeID=13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081127131344/http://www.electionreturns.state.pa.us/ElectionsInformation.aspx?FunctionID=13&ElectionID=10&OfficeID=13 |archive-date=November 27, 2008 |website=Commonwealth of PA – Elections Information |publisher=Pennsylvania Department of State}}</ref> === Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Magajin Garin Erie === A shekarar 2005, ta tsaya takarar magajin garin Erie a kan Rick Filippi mai ci, wanda aka tuhume shi da laifukan cin hanci da rashawa. Bebko-Jones ya zo na uku a takarar, bayan Joseph Sinnott wanda ya zama magajin gari. == Ritaya da tuhuma == An tilasta wa Bebko-Jones janyewa daga zaɓen fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2006 lokacin da aka yi tambayoyi kan ingancin takardun neman tsayawa takara. <ref name="petition" /> Pat Harkins ta lashe zaɓen fidda gwani kuma ta ci gaba da lashe zaɓen gama gari. A watan Nuwamba na 2007, an kira babban alkalai a duk fadin jihar domin su binciki rashin daidaito a cikin takardun neman tsayawa takarar Bebko-Jone don zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar Democrat na 2006. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 2007, Babban Lauyan Pennsylvania Tom Corbett ya tuhumi Bebko-Jones da tsohon shugaban ma'aikatanta da laifin yin jabun takardun neman tsayawa takara da kuma mika fom din bogi ga Sakataren Commonwealth . A ranar 6 ga Agusta, 2008, Bebko-Jones da tsohuwar shugabar ma'aikatanta Mary B. Fiolek kowannensu ya amsa laifin aikata laifukan da suka shafi ƙirƙira da gabatar da sa hannu na ƙarya da kuma makircin aikata laifuka. An umarci Jones da ya yi aikin hidimar al'umma na awanni 200 da kuma Fiolek na awanni 100. A shekara ta 2007, an bayyana cewa Bebko-Jones, a matsayinta na mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, ta halarci [[wiktionary:junket|tafiye-tafiyen]] horo na majalisa a madadin jama'a bayan shan kaye. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2011]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] imw97dbb3t7jyz7hv5p1lao7xj3l8w8 0 147244 828237 820786 2026-05-01T05:59:04Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Lydia Oile''' 'yar kasuwa ce ta Uganda kuma shugabar kamfanin, wacce ita ce ta kafa, mai shi kuma babban jami'in zartarwa na asibitin Le Mémorial Medical Services, a Kigo, Gundumar Wakiso, a Yankin Tsakiya na Uganda . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Nantume |first=Gillian |date=30 July 2017 |title=Oile's Quest To Heal The Sick |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Oile-quest-heal-sick/689842-4037646-vq5mr3/index.html |access-date=3 April 2019}}</ref> == Tarihi da ilimi == An haife ta ne a cikin shekarun 1960 ga Reverend Yosiya Kabugombe na ƙauyen Nyabiteete, Gundumar Rukungiri, a Yankin Yamma Uganda, a matsayin ta tara cikin 'ya'yansa goma.<ref name="1R"/> Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Nyabiteete da makarantar sakandare ta mata ta Bweranyangi don karatun firamare da sakandare. Daga nan sai ta horar da ita a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Mulago, ta kammala karatu a matsayin Mataimakin Anesthetic a farkon shekarun 1980. <ref name="1R"/> == Ayyuka == Ta yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Anesthetic na 'yan shekaru bayan kammala karatunta daga Makarantar Kula da Lafiya ta Mulago . A shekara ta 1991 ta zama manajan Lawsam Chemicals (Uganda) Limited, kamfani da ke kasuwanci a cikin kayan shafawa na masana'antu, yana mai da hankali ga masana'antar kwalliya da otal. Mijinta, dan Kenya, ya fara kasuwancin, ya ba matarsa kuma ya koma Kenya don yin takarar siyasa. Ya zuwa watan Maris na 2019, Ms Oile har yanzu ita ce mai mallakar kuma manajan darakta a kamfanin, tare da ofisoshi a yankin masana'antu na Kampala, babban birnin Uganda kuma birni mafi girma.[1][2] A watan Janairun 2015, ta bude asibitin Le Memorial, mai zaman kansa, don riba. Ya zuwa watan Yunin 2017, har yanzu ba a biya kayan aikin ba.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Lydia Oile |date=April 2019 |title=Lydia Oile: Uganda |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/lydia-oile-a4a63795 |access-date=3 April 2019 |publisher=[[Linkedin.com]]}}</ref> Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin darakta a Tausi Décor Limited, kamfanin zane-zane na ciki wanda ta mallaki.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=MTN Uganda |date=17 March 2017 |title=Profile of Lydia Oile: Nominee MTN Women In Business Awards 2016 |url=https://www.mtn.co.ug/business/solutions/Documents/9%20Lydia%20Oyile.pdf |access-date=3 April 2019 |publisher=[[MTN Uganda]] |archive-date=4 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404003613/https://www.mtn.co.ug/business/solutions/Documents/9%20Lydia%20Oyile.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Iyali == A cikin kimanin shekaru goma Lydia Oile ta auri Mista Oile, ɗan ƙasar Kenya. Ma'auratan iyaye ne ga yara uku. Mista Oile ya mutu a shekara ta 1999.<ref name="1R"/> == Sauran la'akari == Lydia Oile ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta MTN ta shekara-shekara ta 5 a cikin Kyautar Kyautar Kyauta a cikin Ayyukan Kudi. Ta sami lambar yabo a bikin bayar da kyautar, a ranar 17 ga Maris 2017 . <ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R"/> == Dubi kuma == * Sarah Nabukalu Kiyimba * Sophia Namutebi * Jerin asibitoci a Uganda == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] pmbwg3kz3ve1lm6z2nxkvfdicc3c7lq 0 147319 828165 817167 2026-04-30T21:22:18Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Laura Boyd''' (an haife ta a ranar 5 ga Yuni, 1949) 'yar [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasa]] ce 'yar Amurka daga [[Oklahoma]] . A matsayinta na 'yar jam'iyyar Democrat, an zaɓi Boyd a shekarar 1992 zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Oklahoma don wakiltar Gundumar 44, wacce ta haɗa da Gundumar Cleveland . Ta yi aiki a Majalisar Jiha na tsawon shekaru shida har zuwa 1998 lokacin da ta zama mace ta farko da ta sami babban zaɓen Gwamna na Oklahoma . Gwamnan [[Jam'iyyar Republican (Amurka)|Republican]] mai ci Frank Keating ya kayar da Boyd da gagarumin rinjaye. Eisenhower Fellowships ta zaɓi Laura Boyd a matsayin USA Eisenhower Fellow a 1999. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Boyd a Charlottesville, Virginia . Ta sami digirin farko daga Jami'ar Duke, digiri na biyu daga Jami'ar Marywood, da kuma digirin PhD a fannin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam daga Jami'ar Commonwealth ta Amurka . Boyd ya yi aiki a Majalisar Wakilai ta Oklahoma daga 1993 zuwa 1998 kuma ya jagoranci Kwamitin Kula da Al'umma da Iyali. Ta gabatar da kudirori 11 a lokacin da take Majalisar, uku daga cikinsu an sanya hannu a kansu. Boyd ya dauki nauyin dokoki don taimakawa wajen samar da ayyukan yi a Oklahoma, don dakile cin zarafin tsofaffi, da kuma kafa Tsarin Ajiyar Kudi na Kwaleji. <ref name=":0" /> A shekarar 1998, Boyd ta zama mace ta farko da aka tsayar a matsayin gwamna a Oklahoma lokacin da ta lashe zaben jam'iyyar Democrat ta Oklahoma . Ta sami kashi 41% na kuri'un kuma Frank Keating na jam'iyyar Republican ya kayar da ita. A shekarar 2002, Boyd ya zama dan takarar Democrat a matsayin Laftanar Gwamna na Oklahoma amma Mary Fallin ta kayar da shi a hannun 'yan Republican. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-11-05 |title=General Election – Summary Results |url=https://www.ok.gov/elections/documents/2002_General_Summary_Results.pdf |access-date=2020-08-18 |website=Oklahoma State Election Board}}</ref> Boyd ta koyar a matakin farko da na digiri na biyu. Ta yi ba da shawarwari na sirri sama da shekaru 20. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oklahoma Commission on the Status of Women - 2011 Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame |url=http://www.ok.gov/ocsw/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/2011_Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/index.html |access-date=7 September 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052901/https://www.ok.gov/ocsw/Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/2011_Oklahoma_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ita ce mamallakiyar kuma babbar jami'ar Policy and Performance Consultants Inc. da ke Norman, haka kuma ita ce daraktar ƙasa ta ƙungiyar mata 'yan majalisar dokoki da kuma babbar darekta ta ƙungiyar kula da lafiyar yara ta Oklahoma. A shekarar 2011 aka shigar da ita cikin [[Gidan shahararrun Mata na Oklahoma|Zauren Shahararrun Mata na Oklahoma]] . == Babban dokoki == Dokar Ryan Luke, wadda ta yi maganin cin zarafin yara da kuma cin zarafin mata, ita ce babbar gudummawar da Boyd ya bayar a majalisar dokoki. <ref name="memorial website">{{Cite web |title=Ryan Luke Bill |url=http://ryan-luke.memory-of.com/About.aspx |access-date=23 March 2015 |website=Ryan Luke memorial |publisher=TelNET}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1949]] 1bxeqcvdj76hau25y86rs3znna9qp9k 0 147332 827987 817296 2026-04-30T13:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 827987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa (FSA) ƙungiya ce ta ƙasa, dimokuraɗiyya, kuma mai wakiltar magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a Ingila da Wales. Su ne manyan masu fafutukar mallakar magoya baya, inganta hulɗa da magoya baya, farashin tikitin da ya fi rahusa, zaɓin tsayawa a filin wasa ( tsaye lafiya ), kare haƙƙin magoya baya, shugabanci nagari, bambancin ra'ayi, da kuma dukkan nau'ikan ƙarfafa magoya baya a duk faɗin wasan maza da mata. Shugaban FSA shine Tom Greatrex, kuma mataimakinsa shine Chris Paouros, dukkansu suna zaune a matsayin wakilan magoya baya a Majalisar FA . [1] == Kafawa da zama memba == An kafa kungiyar ne bayan da aka amince da hadewar kungiyoyin magoya bayan kwallon kafa na kasa guda biyu, wato Football Supporters' Federation da Supporters Direct, a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=The FSA Annual Review 2018-19 |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fsa_annual_report_2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430221155/https://thefsa.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/fsa_annual_report_2019 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=The FSA}}</ref> An sanar da sunan sabuwar kungiyar a ranar 6 ga Yuni 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2019 |title=Introducing the Football Supporters' Association |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/introducing-the-football-supporters-association |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=The FSA}}</ref> Hukumar FSA tana wakiltar mambobi sama da 500,000 waɗanda suka ƙunshi magoya baya daban-daban da ƙungiyoyin magoya baya sama da 300 da ke da alaƙa da juna daga kowace ƙungiya a cikin wasan ƙwararru da kuma wasu da yawa a cikin dukkan dala ta ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Affiliates and associates |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/about/affiliates-and-associates/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> Kasancewa memba na FSA kyauta ne ga duk magoya baya, muddin sun haɓaka manufar bambancin ra'ayi, suna adawa da wariya, suna ƙin tashin hankali da kuma haɓaka al'adar adalci da kyautatawa tsakanin dukkan magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Join |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/join/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> == Yi aiki tare da masu ruwa da tsaki == Hukumar FSA tana yawan ganawa da hukumomin kwallon kafa da kuma Ma'aikatar Dijital, Al'adu, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Wasanni domin tattauna batutuwa daban-daban da suka shafi damuwar magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. Su ne abokan hulɗar tattaunawa na [[Premier League]], EFL da National League, waɗanda ke sauƙaƙa tattaunawa tsakanin waɗannan ƙungiyoyi da magoya baya. Haka kuma suna haɗin gwiwa da ƙungiyar agaji ta ƙwallon ƙafa ta Kick It Out on the Fans for Diversity, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fans for Diversity |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/fans-for-diversity/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fans For Diversity |url=https://www.kickitout.org/pages/category/fans-for-diversity |website=Kick It Out }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> da kuma FA, Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wales da Ofishin Harkokin Waje, Commonwealth da Ci Gaba kan ofisoshin jakadancin magoya baya na Ingila da Wales a ƙasashen waje. Suna tattaunawa akai-akai da wasu ƙungiyoyi, ciki har da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun 'Yan Wasan Kwallo, Ombudsman Mai Zaman Kanta na Kwallon Kafa da Kwamandojin Wasannin 'Yan Sanda, da sauransu, kuma su ne waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa ta Turai (FSE), suna aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyi na ƙasa da na ƙasashen waje a matsayin abokan hulɗa na tattaunawa da [[UEFA]] . Babban jami'in FSA, Kevin Miles, memba ne na kwamitin FSE da aka zaɓa. FSA kuma sakatariya ce ga Ƙungiyar Magoya bayan Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Duk Jam'iyyu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2020 |title=Register Of All-Party Parliamentary Groups [as at 24 February 2020] |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmallparty/200224/football-supporters.htm |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Parliament.uk}}</ref> == Yaƙin neman zaɓe da sauran ayyuka == Hukumar FSA tana haɓaka darajar goyon baya da hulɗar al'umma kuma tana taimaka wa amanar magoya baya don samun tasiri da kuma zama murya mai ginawa a yadda ake gudanar da ƙungiyar su. Akwai ƙungiyoyi kusan 50 mallakar magoya bayansu, ciki har da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta farko mallakar magoya baya a Burtaniya, AFC Wimbledon, Exeter City, da Newport County, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporter ownership |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/supporter-ownership/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> da kuma ƙungiyoyi mallakar wani ɓangare ne na haɗin gwiwar amanar magoya baya kamar [[Swansea City A.F.C.|Swansea City]] . Yaƙin neman zaɓe na Stand Up For Choice, wanda a da aka fi sani da yakin neman zaɓen Safe Standing, ya sami goyon bayan siyasa sosai. A babban zaɓen Burtaniya na 2019, dukkan manyan jam'iyyun siyasa uku na Ingila sun haɗa da alƙawarin ci gaba da kasancewa cikin aminci a cikin manufofinsu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2019 |title=General Election 2019: what Conservatives, Labour & Liberal Democrats would do for football |url=https://www.wsc.co.uk/stories/14290-general-election-2019-what-conservatives-labour-liberal-democrats-would-do-for-football |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=When Saturday Comes}}</ref> Aikin da za a yi kan matukan jiragen sama na wuraren tsayawa a manyan jiragen sama waɗanda za a bincika bayan buga Sashen Nazarin Shaida Mai Sauri na Dijital, Al'adu, Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Wasanni game da manufofin kujerun zama <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Standing at Football, A Rapid Evidence Assessment |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/836546/Standing_at_Football_final_report.pdf |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport}}</ref> a 2019 ya dakatar da shi sakamakon annobar COVID-19 a Burtaniya da kuma takunkumin da aka sanya wa magoya baya halartar wasanni. A shekarar 2020, wani ɓangare na martani ga [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] da tasirinta ga wasan, har ma sakamakon matsalolin kuɗi da shugabanci da suka daɗe suna tasowa, FSA ta ƙaddamar da kamfen ɗin Sustain the Game!. Tana kira da a ɗauki matakin gaggawa daga hukumomi don kare ƙungiyoyi a faɗin ƙasar, don ƙara bayyana gaskiya da kuma kula da harkokin kuɗi masu zaman kansu, da kuma Gwamnati ta cika alƙawarin da ta ɗauka na 'sake duba tsarin tafiyar da ƙwallon ƙafa bisa jagorancin magoya baya'. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=The Conservative and Unionist Party Manifesto |url=https://assets-global.website-files.com/5da42e2cae7ebd3f8bde353c/5dda924905da587992a064ba_Conservative%202019%20Manifesto.pdf |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=The Conservative and Unionist Party}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya sami goyon bayan siyasa tsakanin jam'iyyu daban-daban, da kuma goyon bayan ɗaruruwan ƙungiyoyi masu goyon baya da kuma jiga-jigan masana'antar ƙwallon ƙafa kamar Jamie Carragher da Henry Winter . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sustain The Game! |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/our-work/sustainthegame/ |website=Football Supporters' Association }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya zo ne watanni biyu kafin shawarwarin 'Project Big Picture' masu rarrabuwar kawuna da ba a san su ba, <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2020 |title=Project Big Picture Q&A: All you need to know about Premier League shake-up proposal |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11096/12102347/project-big-picture-q-a-all-you-need-to-know-about-premier-league-shake-up-proposal |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> wanda zai ga canje-canje masu yawa ga tsarin ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila kuma daga ƙarshe aka yi watsi da su gaba ɗaya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2020 |title=Project Big Picture 'unanimously' rejected by Premier League and FA |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/project-big-picture-unanimously-rejected-by-premier-league/1lx7vn3g8crsr1rutyxjuojxv4#:~:text=Project%20Big%20Picture%20'unanimously'%20rejected%20by%20Premier%20League%20and%20FA,-Dom%20Farrell&text=The%20Premier%20League%20has%20rejected,and%20sustainable%22%20league%20structure%22. |access-date=12 January 2021 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> A lokacin taron ƙarawa juna sani na 2020, ƙungiyar ta ƙaddamar da ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa don wakiltar magoya baya a wasan mata, <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 5, 2021 |title=FSA AGM 2020 round-up |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-agm-2020-round-up/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> a bayan aikin da ta yi a cikin watanni 18 da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyin magoya baya sama da 25 a cikin manyan rukunoni huɗu na ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2020 |title=Strength in unity: working to give fans of women's football a collective voice |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2020/nov/10/strength-in-unity-working-to-give-fans-of-womens-football-a-collective-voice |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, an yi kira ga magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa na gida a Bury, Greater Manchester da su kaɗa ƙuri'a a wani zaɓen jin ra'ayin jama'a, wanda FSA ta jagoranta, game da yiwuwar haɗa ƙungiyoyin magoya baya na [[Bury F.C.|Bury FC]] da [[Bury F.C.|Bury AFC.]] FSA ta ce babu wani "madadin da zai iya dorewa kuma mai dorewa ga haɗakar", wanda, idan aka amince da shi, zai iya haifar da komawar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru zuwa filin wasa na Gigg Lane na garin bayan korar Bury FC daga EFL a watan Agusta 2019. == Kyaututtukan FSA == Kyautar '''<nowiki/>'Dan Wasan Shekara ta Ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa,''' kyauta ce ta shekara-shekara, wacce ake bayarwa a bikin bayar da kyaututtukan FSA tare da haɗin gwiwar 'BeGambleAware', wacce ake baiwa ɗan wasan da aka yi wa hukunci cewa ya sami mafi kyawun shekara a dukkan sassan ƙwallon ƙafa na Welsh da Ingila . An bayar da kyautar tun daga shekarar 2013, lokacin da ɗan wasan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] [[Luis Suárez]] ya lashe kyautar farko. Wadanda suka lashe kyautar kwanan nan sune [[Frida Leonhardsen Maanum|Frida Maanum]] ta Arsenal da {{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}} na Liverpool. Ana zaɓen waɗanda suka yi nasara ta hanyar zaɓen jama'a bayan an kammala zaɓen fidda gwani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 8, 2019 |title=Nominations open for 2019 FSA Awards |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/nominations-open-for-2019-fsa-awards/ |website=Football Supporters' Association}}</ref> Teburin ya nuna inda ɗan wasan da ya yi nasara ya kuma lashe ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin manyan kyaututtukan "ɗan wasan shekara" a ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, wato kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta ƙungiyar 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru (PPY), <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2001 |title=Only here for the peers |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/1287470.stm |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="A1">{{Cite web |date=23 April 2006 |title=Gerrard named player of the year |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/4935884.stm |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="A2">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2007 |title=Ronaldo secures PFA awards double |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/6582201.stm |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta ƙungiyar marubutan ƙwallon ƙafa (FWA), <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2007 |title=England&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;Players Awards |url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/engpoy.html |access-date=18 March 2008 |publisher=Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation}}</ref> kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta magoya bayan PFA (FPY), <ref>{{Cite web |title=PFA's Official Fan's Player of the Year: Previous Winners |url=http://www.givemefootball.com/rolls_of_honour/fansplayerofyearroll.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220145853/http://www.givemefootball.com/rolls_of_honour/fansplayerofyearroll.html |archive-date=20 February 2008 |access-date=14 March 2008 |publisher=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> kyautar ɗan wasan kakar wasa ta Premier (PPS), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Premier League Awards, View Season–by-Season Stats |url=https://www.premierleague.com/history/awards?se=-1&aw=20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918164305/https://www.premierleague.com/history/awards?se=-1&aw=20 |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=9 September 2020 |website=Premier League.com}}</ref> da kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta PFA (YPY). <ref name="A1" /> <ref name="A2" /> {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Shekara ! ! 'Yar Wasa Mace ! Kulob ! An kuma yi nasara ! Bayanan kula |- | 2016 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | Sari van Veenendaal | Arsenal | | <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cummins |first=Garreth |date=2019-11-21 |title=FSA Women's Player of the Year 2019 nominees |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-womens-player-of-the-year-2019-nominees/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2017 |{{Flagicon|England}} | Jill Scott | Manchester City | | <ref name=":0" /> |- | 2018 |{{Flagicon|England}} | [[Beth Mead]] | Arsenal | | <ref>{{Cite web |last=soladmin |date=2018-12-03 |title=Mohamed Salah and Beth Mead win supporters' accolades |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/mohamed-salah-and-beth-mead-win-supporters-accolades/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2019 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | [[Vivianne Miedema]] | Arsenal | PFA | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2019-12-17 |title=Virgil Van Dijk named FSA Men's Player of the Year |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/virgil-van-dijk-named-fsa-mens-player-of-the-year/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2020 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | [[Vivianne Miedema]] (2) | Arsenal | FWA, LFA | <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2021-11-29 |title=FSA Awards 2021: Mohamed Salah wins Men's Player of the Year Award |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-2021-mohamed-salah-wins-mens-player-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2021 |{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} | [[Vivianne Miedema]] (3) | Arsenal | BBC, PFA | <ref name=":1" /> |- | 2022 |{{Flagicon|England}} | [[Beth Mead]] (2) | Arsenal | BBC | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2022-11-15 |title=FSA Awards 2022: De Bruyne & Mead win major supporter honours |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-2022-de-bruyne-mead-win-major-supporter-honours/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2023 |{{Flagicon|Norway}} | [[Frida Leonhardsen Maanum|Frida Maanum]] | Arsenal | PFA | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-23 |title=Frida Maanum named FSA Women's Player of the Year |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/frida-maanum-named-fsa-womens-player-year |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=Frida Maanum named FSA Women’s Player of the Year |language=en}}</ref> |- | 2024 |{{Flagicon|England}} | Lauren Hemp | Manchester City | | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Liam |date=2024-12-02 |title=Palmer and Hemp lead FSA Player of the Year Awards |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/palmer-and-hemp-lead-fsa-player-of-the-year-awards/ |access-date=2025-11-01 |website=Football Supporters' Association |language=en}}</ref> |} {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Year ! !Male Player !Club ! class="unsortable" |Also won ! align="center" class="unsortable" |Notes |- |2013 |{{Sort|Uruguay|{{flagicon|Uruguay}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Luis|Suárez}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |FWA, PPY |Inaugural winner of the award |- |2014 |{{Sort|Argentina|{{flagicon|Argentina}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Sergio|Agüero}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchester City's Sergio Aguero wins Player of the Year award in Football Supporters' Federation vote |url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11679/9589108/sergio-aguero-wins-player-of-the-year-award-in-football-supporters-federation-vote |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> |- |2015 |{{Sort|Chile|{{flagicon|Chile}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Alexis|Sánchez||Sanchez, Alexis}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |FPY |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal's Alexis Sanchez wins Player of the Year award in Football Supporters' Federation vote |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/10092459/arsenals-alexis-sanchez-wins-football-supporters-federation-award |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> |- |2016 |{{Sort|Brazil|{{flagicon|Brazil}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Philippe|Coutinho}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2016 |title=Liverpool's Coutinho named Player of the Year at 2016 FSF Awards |url=https://www.shoot.co.uk/liverpools-coutinho-named-player-of-the-year-at-2016-fsf-awards/ |website=Shoot}}</ref> |- |2017 |{{Sort|England|{{flagicon|England}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Harry|Kane}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harry Kane claims FSF Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.tottenhamhotspur.com/news-archive-1/harry-kane-claims-fsf-mens-player-of-the-year-award/ |website=Tottenham Hotspur}}</ref> |- |2018 |{{Sort|Egypt|{{flagicon|Egypt}}}} | align="left" style="background:#B0C4DE" |{{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}}{{Sup|{{dagger}}}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |FWA, PPY, FPY, PPS, FSF |<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2018 |title=Mohamed Salah wins FSF Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/first-team/328315-mohamed-salah-fsf-player-of-the-year |access-date=3 December 2018 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2019 |{{Sort|Netherlands|{{flagicon|Netherlands}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Virgil|van Dijk}} | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |PPY, PPS |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2019 |title=Virgil Van Dijk wins FSF Men's Player of the Year award |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/11888523/liverpools-virgil-van-dijk-wins-football-supporters-association-player-of-the-year-award |access-date=16 December 2019 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2020 |{{Sort|Portugal|{{flagicon|Portugal}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Bruno|Fernandes}} | align="left" |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2021 |title=FSA Awards in association with BeGambleAware |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-in-association-with-begambleaware/ |access-date=13 March 2021 |website=thefsa.org.uk}}</ref> |- |2021 |{{Sort|Egypt|{{flagicon|Egypt}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}} (2) | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |FPY, FSF |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title=Mohamed Salah voted FSA Men's Player of the Year |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/mohamed-salah-voted-fsa-mens-player-year |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2022 |{{Sort|Belgium|{{flagicon|Belgium}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Kevin|De Bruyne}} | align="left" |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |PPS |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=FSA Awards 2022: De Bruyne & Mead win major supporter honours |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/fsa-awards-2022-de-bruyne-mead-win-major-supporter-honours/ |access-date=12 May 2023 |website=FSA}}</ref> |- |2023 |{{Sort|Egypt|{{flagicon|Egypt}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Mohamed|Salah}} (3) | align="left" |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] | |<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |title=Mohamed Salah wins FSA Men's Player of the Year prize for third time |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/mohamed-salah-wins-fsa-mens-player-year-prize-third-time |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=Liverpool F.C}}</ref> |- |2024 |{{Sort|England|{{flagicon|England}}}} | align="left" |{{Sortname|Cole|Palmer}} | align="left" |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |YPY, FPY |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2024 |title=Palmer and Hemp lead FSA Player of the Year Awards |url=https://thefsa.org.uk/news/palmer-and-hemp-lead-fsa-player-of-the-year-awards/ |access-date=14 January 2025 |website=TheFSA.org.uk}}</ref> |} {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE" |† |Indicates the award was previous the Football Supporters' Federation ('''FSF''') Player of the Year Award. |} Ana bayar da kyaututtuka a wasu fannoni daban-daban, ciki har da masu sharhi kan wasanni, masu watsa shirye-shirye, marubuta da sauran kafofin watsa labarai na ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2019 |title=Guardian wins FSA newspaper of the year award for seventh time in a row |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/dec/17/guardian-wins-football-supporters-association-newspaper-of-the-year-award-seventh-time-in-row |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Duba kuma ==   * Kwallon kafa a Burtaniya * Magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai * Ƙungiyar Magoya Bayan Kwallon Kafa == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website|http://www.thefsa.org.uk/}} {{English football awards}}{{English Football Supporters}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h5e5zi0i19motfm0ot5jjp6l17ve7bo 0 147357 828325 817507 2026-05-01T09:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Heinrich Magnus Manske (an haife shi 24 Mayu 1974) ƙwararren masanin kimiyyar halittu ne na Jamus wanda ke bincike kan cutar maleriya . Babban masanin kimiyyar ma'aikata ne a Cibiyar Wellcome Sanger da ke Cambridge, Birtaniya [1] [2] [3] [4] kuma mai haɓaka software na ɗaya daga cikin sigar farko ta software na MediaWiki, wanda ke ba da iko ga Wikipedia da wasu gidajen yanar gizo da ke amfani da wiki . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Magnus Manske a ranar 24 ga watan Disamba.{{Spaces}}A watan Mayun 1974 a [[Köln|Cologne]], Jamus. Ya yi karatun biochemistry a Jami'ar Cologne kuma ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 2006 da digirin PhD ; digirinsa na farko ya kasance a kan wani kayan aiki na budewa don ilmin kwayoyin halitta, GENTLE . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alastair Kerr |date=21 June 2011 |title=Desktop Sequence Analysis: software review |url=https://bioinformatics.knowledgeblog.org/2011/06/21/desktop-sequence-analysis-software-review/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930230415/https://bioinformatics.knowledgeblog.org/2011/06/21/desktop-sequence-analysis-software-review/ |archive-date=30 September 2018 |access-date=4 June 2013 |website=Bioinformatics Knowledge Blog}}</ref> == Sana'a == A matsayinsa na ɗalibi, Manske yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara ba da gudummawa ga kundin bayanai na Intanet [[Nupedia|na Nupedia]], wanda shine farkon Wikipedia, kuma daga baya ya rubuta ɗaya daga cikin sigar farko ta software na MediaWiki da Wikipedia ke gudanarwa. Manske ya yi aiki a Cambridge tare da Cibiyar Wellcome Sanger tun daga watan Afrilun 2007, <ref name="Manske-2012">{{Cite journal |last=Manske |first=M. |author-link=Magnus Manske |last2=Miotto |first2=O. |last3=Campino |first3=S. |last4=Auburn |first4=S. |last5=Almagro-Garcia |first5=J. |last6=Maslen |first6=G. |last7=o'Brien |first7=J. |last8=Djimde |first8=A. |last9=Doumbo |first9=O. |last10=Zongo |first10=I. |last11=Ouedraogo |first11=J. B. |last12=Michon |first12=P. |last13=Mueller |first13=I. |last14=Siba |first14=P. |last15=Nzila |first15=A. |display-authors=29 |year=2012 |title=Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing |journal=Nature |volume=487 |issue=7407 |pages=375–9 |bibcode=2012Natur.487..375M |doi=10.1038/nature11174 |pmc=3738909 |pmid=22722859}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Manske |first=H. M. |last2=Kwiatkowski |first2=D. P. |year=2009 |title=Look ''Seq'': A browser-based viewer for deep sequencing data |journal=Genome Research |volume=19 |issue=11 |pages=2125–32 |doi=10.1101/gr.093443.109 |pmc=2775587 |pmid=19679872}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Manske |first=H. M. |last2=Kwiatkowski |first2=D. P. |year=2009 |title=SNP-o-matic |journal=Bioinformatics |volume=25 |issue=18 |pages=2434–5 |doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btp403 |pmc=2735664 |pmid=19574284}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=T. |last2=Campino |first2=S. G. |last3=Auburn |first3=S. |last4=Assefa |first4=S. A. |last5=Polley |first5=S. D. |last6=Manske |first6=M. |last7=MacInnis |first7=B. |last8=Rockett |first8=K. A. |last9=Maslen |first9=G. L. |last10=Sanders |first10=M. |last11=Quail |first11=M. A. |last12=Chiodini |first12=P. L. |last13=Kwiatkowski |first13=D. P. |last14=Clark |first14=T. G. |last15=Sutherland |first15=C. J. |year=2011 |title=Drug-Resistant Genotypes and Multi-Clonality in Plasmodium falciparum Analysed by Direct Genome Sequencing from Peripheral Blood of Malaria Patients |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=6 |issue=8 |bibcode=2011PLoSO...623204R |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0023204 |pmc=3154926 |pmid=21853089 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma ya ci gaba da himma wajen haɓaka kayan aiki don Wikipedia <ref name="Magnus.de">{{Cite web |title=Magnus Manske |url=https://magnusmanske.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613205422/https://magnusmanske.de/ |archive-date=13 June 2013 |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> da ayyukan [[Wikidata]] da [[Wikimedia Commons]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wikimedia-related tools by Magnus Manske |url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/hay/directory/?search=#/author/Magnus%20Manske |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214085221/https://tools.wmflabs.org/hay/directory/?search=#/author/Magnus%20Manske |archive-date=14 December 2018 |access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref> A shekarar 2012, Manske ya kasance tare da marubucin wani takarda da aka buga a cikin ''mujallar Nature'' wanda ya nuna sabbin hanyoyin gano wuraren da ƙwayoyin cuta na malaria ke bunƙasa, kuma ya bayyana dabarun da za a bi don tantance juriyar magungunan malaria. Masu binciken sun ƙirƙiro wata dabara don cire DNA na ƙwayoyin cuta na malaria kai tsaye daga jini, wanda ke rage kurakurai a cikin jerin abubuwa. <ref name="Manske-2012"/> == Ci gaban MediaWiki == A matsayinsa na ɗalibi, Manske yana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fi bayar da gudummawa ga aikin [[Nupedia]], yana gabatar da abubuwan da suka shafi batutuwan ilmin halitta da kuma haɓaka kayan aiki da ƙarin abubuwa don Nupedia. <ref name="Anderson" /> Daga baya, ba tare da gamsuwa da iyakokin software ɗin da ke akwai ba, <ref name="SpiegelJansson" /> Manske ya ƙirƙiro ɗaya daga cikin sigar farko ta abin da daga baya ya zama [[MediaWiki]] . An shigar da sabuwar sigar software ɗinsa a 2002. <ref name="SpiegelJansson" /> Manhajar wiki da aka fara amfani da ita don Wikipedia ita ce UseModWiki kuma an rubuta ta da Perl . Yayin da batutuwan girma suka fara bayyana yayin da Wikipedia ke girma, a lokacin bazara na 2001, Manske ta fara aiki kan maye gurbin UseModWiki wanda zai kasance mai goyon bayan bayanai kuma zai ƙunshi "fasahohin musamman na wikipedia". A ranar 25 ga Janairu 2002, Manske ta fitar da sigar farko ta injin PHP na PHP , mai suna ''Phase II'' . Wani sabon abu da Manske ta aiwatar a Phase II shine amfani da wuraren suna don raba nau'ikan shafuka daban-daban, kamar "Magana" ko "Mai amfani", wanda ya bambanta shi da tsohuwar software na wiki wanda ba shi da wuraren suna daban-daban. <ref name="Sumana" /> Phase II kuma ya gabatar da wasu fasaloli da dama waɗanda har yanzu suna nan, gami da loda fayiloli, jerin abubuwan kallo, sa hannu ta atomatik, da jerin gudummawar mai amfani. <ref>{{Cite journal |date=27 January 2002 |title=Wikipedia:PHP script new features |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:PHP_script_new_features&oldid=691 |url-status=live |journal=Wikipedia |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607184331/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3APHP_script_new_features&oldid=691 |archive-date=7 June 2020 |access-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Magnus Manske |date=27 January 2002 |title=[Wikipedia-l] New features list |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-January/001188.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112214155/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-January/001188.html |archive-date=12 November 2015 |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> Sake rubuta Manske ya kuma sauƙaƙa haɗa hotuna a cikin labaran Wikipedia, kuma ya ƙirƙiri sabon rukunin masu amfani: masu gudanarwa, waɗanda aka ba su ikon goge shafuka da toshe masu ɓarna. Manske mai bin tsarin bude tushe ne, musamman lasisin GPL, kuma aikinsa kan sigar farko ta MediaWiki an fitar da shi ne a karkashin lasisin GPL. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=N. A. Polukarova |date=June 2007 |title=The concept of open editing from the copyright viewpoint |journal=Automatic Documentation and Mathematical Linguistics |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=104–107 |doi=10.3103/S0005105507030053 |issn=1934-8371 |s2cid=6463839 |quote=In simpler words, while the developers of proprietary programs use their copyrights to deprive most of the users of most of their freedoms, GPL adherents, including above-mentioned Magnus Manske, use these privileges to guarantee these freedoms to users.}}</ref> Manske's Phase II software ta fuskanci matsalolin lodi yayin da Wikipedia ke ci gaba da girma, don haka Lee Daniel Crocker ya sake yin wani sake rubutawa, wanda ya haifar da mataki na uku, wanda aka yi amfani da shi daga watan Yuni na 2002 kuma daga 2003 zuwa gaba ana kiransa "MediaWiki". Ana amfani da manhajar [[MediaWiki]] da aka samu a yanzu a matsayin babban dandamali ga ayyukan Wikipedia da kuma ayyukan [[Gidauniyar Wikimedia|Wikimedia]] da yawa, da kuma a cikin ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyi da yawa. Manske ta ci gaba da haɓaka faɗaɗawa ga MediaWiki da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don gina Wikipedia da ayyukan 'yan uwanta, gami da kayan aikin taswirar membobin rukuni, ƙididdige mahadar rukuni, da shigo da hotuna daga Flickr zuwa Commons . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnus' toys'n'tools |url=https://toolserver.org/~magnus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510153920/https://toolserver.org/~magnus/ |archive-date=10 May 2014 |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Magnus' tools on wmflabs |url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514170047/https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools |archive-date=14 May 2020 |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> <ref name="Tools">{{Cite web |title=Tools Directory |url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/hay/directory/#/author/Magnus%20Manske |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013552/https://tools.wmflabs.org/hay/directory/#/author/Magnus%20Manske |archive-date=1 February 2019 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=Wikimedia Foundation}}</ref> Manske ta kuma ƙirƙiri faɗaɗawa ta Cite wanda ya kawo tsarin rubutu mai kama da XML zuwa gudanar da ambato. == Kayan aiki == Baya ga yin aiki a kan MediaWiki kanta, Manske ya ƙera kayan aikin da ke aiki da shi kamar "wiki shoot me" wanda ke gano hotunan da ake buƙata a kan taswira kuma yana ba da damar a ɗora su ko kuma Reasonator wanda ke ɗaukar bayanai marasa inganci daga Wikidata kuma ya gabatar da su kamar dai labarin Wikipedia ne. == Ganewa == An san Manske a matsayin wanda ya ƙirƙiri labarin farko a cikin Wikipedia na Jamus, wanda ya kasance akan amsawar sarkar polymerase, wanda ya fara rubutawa a shekara ta 2001. [[Jimmy Wales]] a shekarar 2002 ya naɗa ranar 25 ga Janairu a matsayin ranar Magnus Manske don girmama gudummawar da ya bayar ga Wikipedia, yana mai shelar cewa "Yau da dare a lokacin cin abincin dare, kowane ɗan Wikipedia ya kamata ya yi wa Magnus da abubuwan da ya ƙirƙira da yawa addu'a." <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2002 |title=[Wikipedia-l] Celebration |url=https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-January/001164.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031022315/https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2002-January/001164.html |archive-date=31 October 2020 |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> [[Larry Sanger]], a cikin littafin tarihinsa game da farkon tarihin Wikipedia, ya yi nuni da gudunmawar Manske ga aikin kuma ya danganta nasarar Wikipedia ga wani babban rukuni na 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, ciki har da Manske: {{Blockquote|(Ƙungiyar Masu Amfani da Kayan Aikin Software). <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2011 |title=STUG award |url=https://www.usenix.org/about/stug.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111115607/https://www.usenix.org/about/stug.html |archive-date=11 January 2012 |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin mutanen Wikipedia == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == {{Commonscat}} * {{Official website}} * User page on Wikipedia *   * {{Cite web |date=18 January 2016 |title=Fifteen years ago, Wikipedia was a very different place: Magnus Manske « Wikimedia blog |url=https://blog.wikimedia.org/2016/01/18/fifteen-years-wikipedia-magnus-manske/ |access-date=12 March 2016}} * {{Cite web |title=Magnus Manske |url=https://www.malariagen.net/node/132 |access-date=12 March 2016 |website=malariagen.net }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Wikipedia}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Editocin Wikipedia]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] klimjcid40q9k2pv2ops21220aydlfz 0 147406 828091 825495 2026-04-30T18:37:09Z BnHamid 12586 828091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ayden Heaven 2025.png|thumb|Ayden Heaven]] '''Ayden Edford Heaven''' (an haife shi 22 ga Satumba 2006) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan ƙasar [[England]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron baya (centre-back) ga ƙungiyar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayden Heaven Profile |url=https://www.arsenal.com}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haifi Ayden Heaven a birnin [[London]], England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayden Heaven - England |url=https://www.thefa.com}}</ref> Ya fara wasan ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami, inda ya shiga makarantar matasa ta [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] kafin daga bisani ya koma makarantar matasa ta Arsenal.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arsenal sign young defender Ayden Heaven |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙungiya == === Arsenal Academy === A shekarar 2023, Heaven ya koma makarantar matasa ta [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], inda ya fara taka leda a rukunin U18 da U21.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal Academy Squad |url=https://www.arsenal.com/academy}}</ref> Ya yi fice saboda tsayinsa da kuma ƙwarewarsa wajen katse hare-haren abokan hamayya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arsenal youth prospects |work=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com}}</ref> === Babbar Ƙungiya === Bayan bajintarsa a matakin matasa, an haɗa shi cikin jerin sunayen ‘yan wasan babbar ƙungiyar Arsenal a wasu wasannin kofin gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arsenal First Team News |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news}}</ref> Masu sharhi suna ganin yana da kyakkyawar makoma a gaba.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Young talents at Arsenal |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com}}</ref> == Aikin Ƙasa == Heaven ya wakilci [[England national under-18 football team|England U18]] a matakin matasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=England U18 Squad |url=https://www.thefa.com}}</ref> Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin matasan ‘yan baya masu tasowa a ƙasar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=England youth defenders to watch |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport}}</ref> == Salon Wasa == Ayden Heaven mai tsaron baya ne mai ƙarfi, tsayi, da kuma iya buga ƙwallo daga baya (ball-playing defender).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Player analysis: Ayden Heaven |work=Sky Sports |url=https://www.skysports.com}}</ref> Yana da kwarewa wajen tunkarar ‘yan gaba da kuma iya cin ƙwallaye ta kai a lokutan bugun kusurwa.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Arsenal academy report |work=The Athletic |url=https://theathletic.com/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |archive-date=2021-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715120444/https://theathletic.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:2006 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:Footballers from London]] [[Category:English men's footballers]] [[Category:Arsenal F.C. players]] [[Category:England youth international footballers]] h13g2mgcd36pzcw8ndgqzao7imen2th 0 147466 828151 818112 2026-04-30T20:24:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mas'uda al-Wizkitiya''' ( Arabic ; ya rasu a shekara ta 1591), wanda aka fi sani da shi a Maroko da '''Lala 'Auda''' ( {{Lang|ar|للا عودة}} ) kuma a majiyoyin Yamma a matsayin '''Lalla Masuda''', ta kasance fitacciyar 'yar siyasa 'yar ƙasar Morocco a Daular Saadi . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=لالة عودة الصّالحة.. بانية المساجد وحاضنة الأيتام |url=https://www.maghress.com/almassae/187868 |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=مغرس}}</ref> Ana tunawa da ita saboda ayyukan agaji, agaji, siyasa, da ci gaba. <ref name=":0" /> Ita ce matar Sarkin Saadi Mohammed al-Shaykh kuma mahaifiyar ɗansu Sultan [[Ahmad al-Mansur]] . <ref name=":0" /> Lalla Masuda 'yar shehin ce ta ƙasba ta Warzazat, Sheikh Abu al-'Abaas Ahmed bin Abdellah al-Wizkiti al-Warzazi, wanda ke da hannu wajen kafa ikon Sa'adiyawa a yankin Sous - Dra'a . Ana ɗaukarta <nowiki><i id="mwOQ">waliyyai</i></nowiki>, ko waliyyai. <ref name=":1"/> == Suna == Mas'uda al-Wizkitiya an fi saninsa da ''Lala 'Auda'' ( {{Lang|ar|للا عودة}} ), ma'ana Uwar Dawowa, domin sau da yawa tana tafiya ta cikin yankuna masu nisa a cikin karkara tana kawo 'ya'yan itace da arziki. An kuma kira ta ''da suna-Sayida al-Hurra'' ( {{Lang|ar|السيدة الحرة}} '', The Free Lady'' ) da kuma Phoenix na Sahara ( {{Lang|ar|عنقاء الصحراء}} ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=..نساء حكمن المغرب مسعودة الوزكيتية... الأميرة الرحيمة |url=https://www.maghress.com/alalam/59931 |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=مغرس}}</ref> == Tarihin Rayuwa == Lalla Mas'uda ta fito daga ƙabilar Ait Ouaouzguit, waɗanda Chleuhs ne na ƙungiyar Masmuda . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATIN |first=LE |title="Ouda, princesse marocaine (1532-1591)" de Josée Balagna Coustou |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2002/a-eurooeOuda-princesse-marocaine--1532-1591-a-euro%EF%BF%BD-de-Josee-Balagna-Coustou/14913.html |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=lematin.ma |language=fr}}</ref> Masanin tarihi [[Timbuktu|na Timbuktu]] 'Abd ar-Rahman as-Sa'di ya yi jayayya a maimakon haka cewa ita ƙwarƙwarar [[Fulani|Fulani ce]] . Ta kafa [[Masallaci|masallatai]] da [[Makarantar Islamiyya|makarantun Alƙur'ani]], gami da Masallacin Bab Doukkala . <ref>{{Cite web |last=باحث |first=ذ أحمد متفكر / استاذ |title=مسجد باب دكالة في مراكش ..التاريخ .. والمرافق |url=https://www.almarrakchia.net/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82_a3249.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119073405/http://www.almarrakchia.net/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82_a3249.html |archive-date=2017-11-19 |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=المراكشية : بوابة مراكش |language=ar}}</ref> Masallacin Lala 'Auda da ke [[Ameknas|Meknes]], shi ma yana ɗauke da sunanta, kamar yadda yake a Dandalin Lalla 'Auda da ke kusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=دعوة الحق - مسجد للا عودة بمكناس [تر.ع.ل.ملين] |url=http://habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/1213 |access-date=2020-05-18 |website=habous.gov.ma |archive-date=2020-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808063319/http://www.habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/1213 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ta kuma himmatu wajen inganta hanyoyi a cikin masarautar, musamman a yankunan karkara domin haɗa su da cibiyoyin birane domin ba su damar samun muhimman ayyuka, kamar kiwon lafiya da ilimi. An yaba mata da gina gadar da ta ratsa kogin Um ar-Rabii'a . Ta kuma ba ɗanta Ahmad al-Mansur lauyan gudanarwa. [1] Ta ba da shawarar, misali, ya nemi taimako daga sarkin Ottoman, Selim na II . [1] Ta tallafa wa al'ummomin da ke fama da talauci a yankunan karkara ta hanyar taimakon tattalin arziki da tallafi ga ƙananan 'yan kasuwa. Ta kuma sauƙaƙa auren matasa don ƙarfafa waɗannan al'ummomin. <ref name=":0" /> ] Ta taimaka wa waɗannan matasan su yi amfani da [[Haƙƙin Rayuwar Iyali|'yancin aure da rayuwar iyali]] ta hanyar taimaka musu su sami sadaki, kuɗin aure, da sauran nauyin kuɗi da ke hana su yin aure. <ref name=":0" /> Tana da sha'awar yin takardu, tana yin rikodin ayyukanta da gudummawar sadaka cikin tsanaki. [[Fayil:Μαυσωλείο_των_Σααντί_1063.jpg|thumb|Ɗakin Lalla Masuda a kaburburan Saadian da ke Marrakesh.]] Lalla Masuda Qubba ita ce mafi tsufan ɓangaren kaburburan Saadiya a Marrakesh. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Saadian Tombs |url=https://www.touchscreentravels.com/apps/marrakeshs-best/21891/the-saadian-tombs |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=www.touchscreentravels.com |language=en}}</ref> Masanin tarihin [[Marrakesh|Marrakshi]] Al-Abbas bin Ibrahim as-Samlali ya rubuta a cikin kundin tarihinsa ''[[Information About the Notables of Marrakesh and Aghmat|Bayani Game da Manyan Marrakesh da Aghmat]]'' :{{Text and translation|{{right|فكم جهزت من يتامى}}<br>{{right|وكم زوجت من أيامى}}<br>{{right|وكم بذلت من صدقات}}<br>{{right|وكم أجزلت من صلات}}|"For so many orphans did she aid, <br>and so many widows did she remarry, <br>and so much charity did she give, <br>and so generously did she connect."|[[Al-Abbas bin Ibrahim as-Samlali]], ''[[Information about the Notables of Marrakesh and Aghmat]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=مغربيات خالدات: مسعودة الوزكيتية … عرابة السعديين|url=https://www.maghress.com/assabah/325690|website=مغرس|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=مغربيات صنعن التاريخ: مسعودة.. مؤسسة باب دكالة بمراكش|url=https://anfaspress.com/news/voir/18291-2015-02-28-09-47-04|last=فردوس|first=الباحث مصطفى حمزة، تقديم أحمد|website=الكاتب|language=fr|access-date=2020-05-18}}</ref>}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8gtcbxczvrputewdso1v7xzde1pn1s2 0 147708 828299 819125 2026-05-01T08:27:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} MacDella Cooper (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga Maris, 1977) 'yar siyasa ce ta Liberia kuma mai taimakon jama'a. Ita ce Shugabar Siyasa ta jam'iyyar siyasa ta Movement for One Liberia (MOL). An haifi MacDella Cooper a Monrovia, kuma an yi mata korar kare zuwa Côte d'Ivoire a lokacin barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Farko na Liberia kafin a sake haɗuwa da iyalinta a Amurka. Ta kammala karatunta a Makarantar Sakandare ta Barringer da ke Newark, New Jersey, inda ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban da suka fi samun maki a ajinsu, daga baya ta sami cikakken tallafin karatu a Kwalejin New Jersey, inda ta sami digiri a fannin Sadarwa ta Lantarki. Cooper ta yi aiki a matsayin 'yar kasuwa ta ƙasa da ƙasa tsawon shekaru da dama kafin ta kafa Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper, Kwalejin MacDella Cooper, da kuma jam'iyyar siyasa ta Movement for One Liberia. A watan Oktoban 2016, Cooper ta sanar da aniyarta ta tsayawa takarar shugabancin kasar Liberia a zaben kasa na 2017 . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Cooper a babban birnin Liberia, Monrovia, kuma ta zauna a can har zuwa lokacin da Yaƙin Basasa na Farko na Liberia ya ɓarke. Yaƙin ya tilasta wa Cooper yin hijira zuwa maƙwabciyarta [[Ivory Coast|Côte d'Ivoire]], inda ta yi shekarun ƙuruciyarta a matsayin 'yar gudun hijira har zuwa 1993, lokacin da aka sake haɗuwa da iyalinta a Amurka. Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Barringer da ke Newark, New Jersey, inda ta zo ta uku a cikin ajin ɗalibanta 1,200. An ba ta cikakken tallafin karatu na ilimi zuwa Kwalejin New Jersey da ke Ewing, New Jersey, inda daga baya ta sami digiri a fannin Sadarwa ta Lantarki. == Aikin kasuwanci == Cooper ta fara aikinta na ƙwararru a fannin tallan kayan kwalliya da hulɗa da jama'a sannan daga baya ta bazu zuwa tsarin kamfanoni, tana ba da shawara ga ƙungiyoyi na duniya kamar Citi Group, Duca Sartoria da Starwood, da sauransu. Cooper ya rike mukamai da dama na shugabanci, shawarwari da kuma na kwamitin gudanarwa a Amurka, Laberiya, da sauran kasashe, ciki har da wakilci a kungiyoyin agaji. == Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper (MCF) == A shekara ta 2003, Cooper ya kafa Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper, wata ƙungiyar agaji ta duniya mai lamba 501c3 wadda manufarta ita ce ilmantar da yara mafi rauni a Afirka, matasa marasa galihu da mata marasa galihu, tare da taimaka musu su zama masu ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasa na ƙasashensu. Gidauniyar ta samar da tubalin ginawa na asali don tara miliyoyin daloli don tallafawa ayyukan ci gaban ƙasa a Laberiya. Cooper ta yi amfani da dandamalin taimakonta don yin fafutukar neman kuɗaɗen da ake buƙata don haɓaka haƙƙin ɗan adam, da kuma kare mata da yara. Gidauniyar kuma tana ba da damar samun ilimi, kiwon lafiya, gidaje masu araha da aikin yi. == Kwalejin Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper == A watan Disamba na 2010, Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper ta buɗe makaranta ta farko a Laberiya don bayar da kuɗin makaranta kyauta wanda ya haɗa da ɗaki da abinci. Kwalejin Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper da ke Charlesville, Gundumar Margibi, Laberiya, tana da ikon ɗaukar ɗalibai 80, masu shekaru 4 zuwa 13. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MacDella Cooper Academy website |url=http://mcfacademy.org/live/ourfacility.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131118213804/http://mcfacademy.org/live/ourfacility.php |archive-date=November 18, 2013 |access-date=February 16, 2017}}</ref> Gine-ginen makarantar an tsara shi ne ta hannun mai zane-zanen ƙasar Holland-Amurka [[Winka Dubbeldam]], wanda ya lashe lambar yabo. Kwalejin tana ba da ingantaccen ilimi da dabarun rayuwa ga yara "masu haɗari", marasa galihu, da marasa galihu a cikin yanayi mai dacewa don koyo. A Kwalejin MCF, ɗalibai suna samun abinci sau uku a rana wanda ya ƙunshi sinadarai masu lafiya, waɗanda aka noma a cikin gida. Tsoffin mahalarta wannan gidauniyar yanzu sun zama masu wasan kwaikwayo da aka san su a duniya, waɗanda aka gayyata zuwa wasu taruka daban-daban, ciki har da bikin ranar Afirka a hukumance a Paris da kuma taron wakokin zaman lafiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, duk yaran da suka cancanta daga Kwalejin MCF sun yi nasarar rubutawa da kuma cin jarrabawar Majalisar Jarrabawar Yammacin Afirka (WAEC), wani buƙatar yanki don samun amincewa a cikin Yammacin Afirka. Kwalejin MCF ta yi nasarar maye gurbin rufin da ya lalace sosai bayan rugujewarta, inda ta tabbatar da cewa yara suna cikin aminci da kwanciyar hankali a cikin azuzuwan su. Gidauniyar ta kuma gina azuzuwan aji 12 don girmama Iyalin Segal. == Jam'iyyar Siyasa ta MOL ta Movement for One Liberia == MacDella Cooper ita ce Shugabar Siyasa ta Movement for One Liberia (MOL), jam'iyyar siyasa da aka kafa a shekarar 2019 kuma aka amince da ita a shekarar 2020. Ƙungiyar Movement for One Liberia tana ba wa mata, matasa, da mutanen da ke da nakasa damar shiga cikin harkokin gwamnati. Manufar jam'iyyar ita ce samar da 'yancin dimokuradiyya da walwalar jama'a ga kowane ɗan ƙasar Liberia, musamman waɗanda ba su da wakilci sosai - mata, matasa, nakasassu, da kuma waɗanda ke da bambancin ra'ayi. == Aikin siyasa == A ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 2016, MacDella Cooper ta bayyana a bainar jama'a cewa za ta tsaya takarar Shugabancin Liberia a zaben 2017. Ita ce kuma 'yar takarar [https://web.archive.org/web/20260118060547/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/liberia/ Jam'iyyar Movement for One ta Liberia] a zaben Sanata na Gundumar Montserrado da aka gudanar a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberia: Senatorial Candidate MacDella Cooper Promises Foreign Direct Investment when Elected |url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/politics/liberia-senatorial-candidate-macdella-cooper-promises-foreign-direct-investment-when-elected/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Liberia - The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/liberia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118060547/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/liberia/ |archive-date=January 18, 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2022, MacDella Cooper ta sanar da aniyarta ta tsayawa takarar Shugaban kasa a zaben Shugaban kasa na Liberia na 2023, wanda hakan ya sake sanya ta zama mace daya tilo da ta tsaya takarar shugabancin kasar Liberia. Neman Cooper na Shugaban kasa ya samu karbuwa kuma ta bayyana a matsayin bako a wasu fitattun gidajen rediyo da talabijin a Liberia. A ranar 26 ga Mayu, 2023, Cooper ta amince da takarar tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban kasa [[Joseph Boakai]] a bainar jama'a, tana mai cewa tana son hada karfi da karfe don kawo hadin kai ga 'yan Liberia. An bayar da sanarwar ne daga hedikwatar Movement for One Liberia da ke Monrovia, inda Cooper har yanzu ke aiki a matsayin shugaban siyasa na jam'iyyar. == Rayuwa ta sirri == MacDella Cooper tana zaune a Monrovia, Liberia tare da mijinta da 'ya'yanta uku. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [http://www.macdellacooper.org MacDella Cooper] * [https://www.facebook.com/FriendsOfMacDella Yunkurin Kawo Sauyi ga Laberiya Ɗaya] * [http://macdellacooperfoundation.org Gidauniyar MacDella Cooper] * [http://www.mcfacademy.org Kwalejin MacDella Cooper]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.macdellacooperforpresident2023.com/ Shafin Yanar Gizo na Zaɓe na MacDella Cooper]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * https://filmfreeway.com/MACDELLA [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0vzxtlcirvjezawom7y8yar8dr0cgup 0 148338 828130 822981 2026-04-30T19:18:48Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Phoenix Legend''' ({{Lang-zh|zh}}) sanannen mawakan kasar Sin ne, wadanda suka kunshi mawakan mata Yangwei Linghua (杨魏玲花) da kuma mawakan maza Zeng Yi (曾毅). Wakokinsu sun hada da wakokin gargajiya da na rap da hip hop. A watan Mayu na shekarar 2012, an ruwaito Phoenix Legend a cikin jaridar China Daily cewa ta sayar da kundin wakoki sama da miliyan 6 a kasar Sin tun daga shekarar 2005, kuma wakoki 10 daga cikin kundin wakokinsu guda hudu sun yi nasarar samun wakokin biliyan daya a yanar gizo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2012-05/17/content_15320888.htm|title=Phoenix Legend soars in international skies|work=[[China Daily]]|date=17 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905175113/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/entertainment/2012-05/17/content_15320888.htm |archive-date=2012-09-05 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=腾讯网 |date=2022-02-13 |title=成团23年稳坐顶流，中国最传奇组合_腾讯新闻 |trans-title=The most legendary group in China, which has been at the top for 23 years |url=https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20220213A09VUH00 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=news.qq.com |language=zh-CN}}</ref> Waƙoƙinsu "Above the Moon" (Sinanci: 月亮之上: ) ya kawo musu hankalin ƙasa bayan sun yi shi a wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin ''Star Boulevard'' . Mawallafin waƙa [[Zhang Chao (songwriter)|Zhang Chao]] ya kuma rubuta waƙoƙi uku masu ban sha'awa ga ƙungiyar, gami da The Most Dazzling Folk Style da Moon Over the Lotus Pond . == Tarihi == A cikin 1999, duo sun fara kafa rukuni da ake kira Cool Fire, suna raira waƙoƙin gargajiya na Koriya da Amurka. Mawallafin waƙa [[He Muyang|Ya Muyang]] ya ji muryar Ling a talabijin a shekara ta 2003 kuma ya sake rubuta Above the Moonlight, waƙar da ya rubuta a 1999 don duo. A shekara ta 2004, kungiyar ta sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da ''Peacock Bluehead'' kuma waƙar ta zama abin bugawa a shekara ta 2005, bayan kungiyar ta zagaya jami'o'i sama da 20 a kasar Sin. A shekara ta 2009 duo din suna da babbar waƙar da ake kira The Most Dazzling Folk Style (wanda aka fassara a matsayin The Hottest Ethnic Trend ko The Coolest Ethnic Trend). A wannan shekarar sun shiga Art Troupe na Artillery Corps na biyu, tare da aikin nishadantar da sojoji a cikin rundunonin makaman nukiliya na Sojojin 'Yancin Jama'a.<ref name="Sina">{{Cite web |last=Geng Yang |title=Second Artillery Corps Art Troupe: Phoenix Fantasy do not have a specific military rank [二炮文工团艺人：凤凰传奇等曾特招入伍无具体军衔] |url=http://cnibtimes.i.sohu.com/blog/view/258963036.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130630082247/http://cnibtimes.i.sohu.com/blog/view/258963036.htm |archive-date=30 June 2013 |access-date=3 June 2013 |website=International Business Times |publisher=Sina |language=Chinese}}</ref> Duo din ya sami karbuwa a wajen kasar Sin. The Most Dazzling Folk Style an yi amfani da shi ta hanyar masu gaisuwa a lokacin wasan [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] Houston Rockets a watan Afrilu na 2012 kuma ya zama abin jin dadi na Intanet bayan magoya baya sun sake maimaita shi kuma sun sake gyara shi. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2020}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> == Bayanan da aka yi == === Kundin studio === * ''Sama da Wata'' ({{Lang|zh-hans|月亮之上}}) (2005) * Kyakkyawan Fortune Kamar yadda kake so ({{Lang|zh-hans|吉祥如意}}) (2007) * ''Mafi kyawun salon gargajiya'' (ƙananan al'umma) (2009) * Girl's Gentleness, tarin (Zan) (2009) * Sing Loudly (mai girma) (2011) * Mafi kyawun zamanin (mafi kyawun zamani) (2014) === Ma'aurata === * "Tastes na kasar Sin" (Chinese dandano) (2012) * "Fly Freely" (yanci tashi) (2007) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.kqcp.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=40&id=3 Shafin yanar gizon hukuma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215215805/http://www.kqcp.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=40&id=3 |date=2019-02-15 }} An adana shi 2019-02-15 a * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100722042048/http://www.chinesesong.org/Artist/Band_Artist/Phoenix_Legend_fenghuangchuanqi__1119.html Gabatarwa na Phoenix Legend da kiɗan su] * [http://www.1ting.com/singer/b6/singer_2254.html Shafin yanar gizo a kan Iting, shafin yanar gizon kiɗa na kasar Sin] psffdp331rgaf5g66lroa2hkqvc21mv 0 148448 828057 824698 2026-04-30T17:51:59Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350503854|Rose Onah]]" 828057 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Rose Onah</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Roseline C. Onah</div><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Najeriya</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data role" |Mai gudanarwa na ilimi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ma'aikata | class="infobox-data org" |Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An san shi da&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Gudanar da jama'a da karatun kananan hukumomi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ofishin | class="infobox-data title" |Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Nsukka |} {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn">Rose Onah</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An haife shi | class="infobox-data" |<div class="nickname" style="display:inline">Roseline C. Onah</div><br /><div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">Najeriya</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ayyuka | class="infobox-data role" |Mai gudanarwa na ilimi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ma'aikata | class="infobox-data org" |Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An san shi da&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Gudanar da jama'a da karatun kananan hukumomi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ofishin | class="infobox-data title" |Shugaban Karamar Hukumar Nsukka |} '''Rose Onah''' malamar Najeriya ce kuma mai kula da jama'a. Ita [[farfesa]] ce a Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Jama'a da Karamar Hukumar a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] . Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugabar karamar hukumar Nsukka a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu, Najeriya]].<ref name="UNNProfile">{{Cite web |title=Department of Public Administration and Local Government Staff Profiles |url=https://socialscs.unn.edu.ng/public-admin-staff-profiles/ |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=University of Nigeria, Nsukka}}</ref> == Ayyukan ilimi == Onah ta shiga Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka inda ta zama malama a Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Jama'a da Karamar Hukumar. Bayan lokaci, ta zama farfesa. Ayyukanta na ilimi suna mai da hankali kan shugabanci, manufofin ci gaba, da kuma gudanar da bangaren jama'a a Najeriya.<ref name="UNNProfile">{{Cite web |title=Department of Public Administration and Local Government Staff Profiles |url=https://socialscs.unn.edu.ng/public-admin-staff-profiles/ |access-date=20 April 2026 |publisher=University of Nigeria, Nsukka}}</ref> Ta ba da gudummawa ga bincike na ilimi da wallafe-wallafen ilimi da ke magance kalubalen shugabanci, sauye-sauyen bangaren jama'a, da aiwatar da manufofi a Najeriya. == Ayyukan jama'a == Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar karamar hukumar Nsukka a [[Enugu (jiha)|Jihar Enugu]] a lokacin gwamnatin Gwamna [[Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi]] . Ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen gudanarwa na gida da tattaunawar manufofin jama'a da ke shafar yankin. A lokacin da take aiki, ta yi kira ga manufofi da ke inganta Al'adun al'adu da ilimi, gami da ƙarfafa makarantu a kudu maso gabashin Najeriya don gabatar da ranar da aka tsara don yin magana da [[Harshen Ibo|Harshen Igbo]]. == Bincike da wallafe-wallafe == Onah ta rubuta ayyukan ilimi kan shugabanci, gudanar da gwamnati, da ci gaban kananan hukumomi a Najeriya.<ref name="OnahGovernanceArticle">{{Cite journal |year=2018 |title=Local Government Administration and Development in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-123456789 |journal=African Journal of Public Affairs |publisher=University of Pretoria |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=45–58 |access-date=20 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 6chpavq27qgkcqcpgn66ipouu7kwsr1 0 148612 828341 826876 2026-05-01T11:39:20Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Majalisar Dokokin [[Ekiti|Jihar Ekiti]]''' ita ce bangaren majalisa na gwamnatin Jihar Ekini ta Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ekiti Assembly elects new Speaker, principal officers|url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-assembly-elects-new-speaker-principal-officers/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[The Punch]]|date=7 June 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekiti Assembly Unrest: Lawmakers Allege Plot To Assassinate Five Members |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2016/10/19/ekiti-assembly-unrest-lawmakers-allege-plot-assassinate-five-members/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=Channels Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=Ekiti 6th House of Assembly holds inaugural plenary |url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/ekiti-6th-house-of-assembly-holds-inaugural-plenary/ |access-date=2020-06-23 |website=TVC News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai zaman kanta tare da mambobi 26 da aka zaba daga yankuna 16 na kananan hukumomi (Majalisar Jiha) na jihar. Yankunan [[Ƙaramar hukuma|karamar hukuma]] da ke da yawan jama'a da yawa an rarraba su cikin mazabu biyu don ba da daidaitattun wakilci. Wannan ya sa yawan 'yan majalisa a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti 26 .<ref>{{Cite news|date=2019-03-10|title=APC Wins 25 of 26 Assembly Seats in Ekiti|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/10/apc-wins-25-of-26-assembly-seats-in-ekiti/|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Babban ayyukan Majalisar shine aiwatar da sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-19|title=Ekiti Assembly passes 2020 revised appropriation bill of N91.1bn|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/398510-ekiti-assembly-passes-2020-revised-appropriation-bill-of-n91-1bn.html|access-date=2020-06-23|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-11-13|title=Ekiti Assembly probes local govt finances under Fayose|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-west/295433-ekiti-assembly-probes-local-govt-finances-under-fayose.html|access-date=2020-06-23|language=en-GB|newspaper=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-06-09|title='Ekiti House of Assembly passed 19 bills, 17 motions in legislative year'|url=https://t.guardian.ng/news/ekiti-house-of-assembly-passed-19-bills-17-motions-in-legislative-year/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2020-06-23|newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ana zabar mambobin majalisa na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisa na tarayya (Sanata da Majalisar Wakilai). Majalisar jiha tana taruwa kwana uku daban-daban a mako (Tarabar, Laraba da Alhamis) don zaman majalisa a cikin babban birnin jihar, [[Ado-Ekiti]]. Mai magana da yawun Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Ekiti ta 6 a yanzu shine [[Hon. Adeoye Stephen Aribasoye]], wanda ya gaji [[Bunmi Adelugba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gfxfwa9thtuh5dc1q7q3bf2o1oujr9l 0 148643 828228 827269 2026-05-01T04:28:33Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lucinda Collette Evans''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1972) 'yar gwagwarmayar kare hakkin mata ce kuma mai fafutukar mata a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Vivier |first=Tyler |date=2019-10-16 |title=This is the only South African to be chosen as one of the BBC top 100 Women of 2019! |url=https://www.goodthingsguy.com/people/sa-bbc-100-women/ |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=Good Things Guy |language=en-ZA}}</ref> An san ta da jagorantar zanga-zangar kasa da kasa kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin masu magana a zanga-zambe na ''#AmINext'' a waje da majalisar dokokin [[Afirka ta Kudu]] da ke kira ga matakin gwamnati game da tashin hankali na jinsi da Kisan mata.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Payne |first=Suné |date=17 September 2019 |title=IN THEIR OWN WORDS: #AMINEXT ACTIVISTS: 'You will not moer us today': Lucinda Evans to police at the #AmINext Parliament protest |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-18-you-will-not-moer-us-today-lucinda-evans-to-police-at-the-aminext-parliament-protest/ |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WATCH: Here's what being a BBC top 100 woman means to Lucinda Evans {{!}} IOL News |url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/watch-heres-what-being-a-bbc-top-100-woman-means-to-lucinda-evans-35544116 |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2019-10-23 |title=Lucinda Evans is one of BBC's 100 Most Influential Women in the World |url=https://www.colouredsa.co.za/ck/lucinda-evans-is-one-of-bbcs-100-most-influential-women-in-the-world |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=Coloured South Africa |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lucinda Evans makes BBC's top 100 women list |url=https://www.dailyvoice.co.za/news/lucinda-evans-makes-bbcs-top-100-women-list-35184197 |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=www.dailyvoice.co.za |language=en}}</ref> == Shekaru na farko == An haifi Evans a Gundumar shida, Cape Town, kuma an sake komawa Lavender Hill sakamakon Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya lokacin da take da shekaru biyar. A lokacin da take da shekaru tara, ta yanke shawarar yin aiki a ci gaban al'umma, kuma ta fara aikin sa kai ga Asibitin Red Cross a farkon shekarun rayuwarta. Bayan kammala karatunta daga [[Cape Town College of Education|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Cape Town]] a shekarar 1996, ta yi aikin al'umma tare da mai da hankali kan tashin hankali na jinsi da [[Rigakafin cutar kanjamau / AIDS|Rigakafin cutar kanjamau]] a KwaZulu-Natal, Gabashin Cape da Beaufort West, inda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bude sabis na farko na asibiti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ust |first=Homeabout |last2=FunDza |first2=C'sCONTACTHELP © 2019 |title=Lucinda Evans – Healing her Hood {{!}} FunDza |url=https://live.fundza.mobi/home/library/non-fiction-articles-profiles/lucinda-evans-healing-her-hood/ |access-date=2019-10-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> == Taimako == A shekara ta 2008, bayan ta sake shaida wani mutum yana cin zarafin matarsa a kan titin budewa, a ƙarshe ta yanke shawarar fara kungiyarta mai zaman kanta [[Philisa Abafazi Bethu]]; "Philisa Abafazi Belhu" ita ce [[Harshen Xhosa|isiXhosa]] kuma tana nufin "Ka warkar da Matamu". A cikin ƙungiyarta, Lucinda Evans tana tallafawa wadanda ke fama da tashin hankali na gida, [[fyade]], da cin zarafin kowane irin. Duk da yake ta fara mayar da hankali kan tallafawa mata da yara, Philisa Abafazi Bethu yanzu tana aiki tare da maza, mutanen da ba na biyu ba, da dukan iyalai. Evans ta fara kungiyar ta a shekara ta 2008 a cikin ɗakinta da garage a Lavender Hill; da farko tare da ƙungiyar tallafi ga mata da shirin bayan makaranta ga yara. Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta, Philisa Abafazi Bethu ta girma cikin sauri don bayar da ba kawai kungiyoyin tallafin mata da shirye-shiryen bayan makaranta ga yara ba, amma kuma tana da rukuni don tsofaffi da aka wulakanta, ƙungiyar matasa, mai adana jariri, asibitin shari'a, mafaka ta mata, da kuma gida mai aminci ga membobin LGBTQIA + waɗanda suka sha wahala daga tashin hankali na jima'i.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.philisaabafazi.org/ |website=philisaabafazi.org}}</ref> Dukkanin gidaje masu aminci a halin yanzu sune kawai mafaka na gaggawa a yankin da ke karɓar mutane ba tare da la'akari da launi na fata ba, asalin zamantakewa, yanayin kiwon lafiya ko jaraba. A cikin 2017, Lucinda Evans da tawagarta sun taimaka wa dangin mai shekaru 13 mai suna Rene Roman, ta hanyar ba su goyon baya da kuma taimaka musu wajen neman 'yarsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lavender Hill woman among world's most influential |url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/lavender-hill-woman-among-worlds-most-influential/ |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=www.capetownetc.com}}</ref> Tun daga wannan lokacin, ta kafa ƙungiyar bincike a madadin mai shekaru 13 wanda ke fita a kai a kai lokacin da yara da mata suka ɓace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search group formed after teen's murder |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/search-group-formed-after-murder-20170327}}</ref> A sakamakon ci gaba da tashin hankali ga mata da yara da kuma karuwar ayyuka ga masu gwagwarmaya, Evans yana aiki tare da ma'aikatan zamantakewa da yawa waɗanda ke ba da shawara na yau da kullun ga mutane daga Lavender Hill da al'ummomin da ke kewaye. Tun daga 2020, ayyukan Philisa Abafazi Bethu - ban da mafakar mata - duk suna ƙarƙashin laima na Cibiyar Iyali ta Philisa Abafemisa Bethu a Steenberg.<ref>{{Cite web |title='This will become a sacred space' - Philisa Abafazi Bethu opens family centre |url=https://www.capetalk.co.za/articles/402863/this-will-become-a-sacred-space-philisa-abafazi-bethu-opens-family-centre}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Philisa Abafazi Bethu Family Centre launches in Retreat to support victims of gender-based violence - Peninsula Beverage Co. (Pty) Ltd |url=https://www.peninsulabeverage.co.za/news-events/philisa-abafazi-bethu-family-centre-launches-in-retreat-to-support-victims-of-gender-based-violence-1/ |access-date=2026-04-27 |archive-date=2024-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316013135/https://www.peninsulabeverage.co.za/news-events/philisa-abafazi-bethu-family-centre-launches-in-retreat-to-support-victims-of-gender-based-violence-1/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2020 |title=THE INTERVIEW: A space of healing and hope: Philisa Abafazi Bethu's new family centre in Retreat |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-14-a-space-of-healing-and-hope-philisa-abafazi-bethus-new-family-centre-in-retreat/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2020 |title=Philisa Abafazi Bethu opens family centre |url=https://www.southernmail.co.za/news/philisa-abafazi-bethu-opens-family-centre-172d3aaa-6060-4d4b-b194-1b10e8dd5ef6}}</ref> Lucinda Evans ta kasance mai aiki a siyasa game da [[Rikicin jima'i a Afirka ta Kudu|cin zarafin jima'i]] da Kisan mata duk rayuwarta kuma ta fara kuma ta shiga cikin ayyukan zanga-zangar da yawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Misali, ita ce mai farawa da kuma mai tsara "Biliyan daya da ke tasowa a Afirka ta Kudu" <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Archives |url=https://www.onebillionrising.org/category/locations/south-africa/}}</ref> kuma ta taimaka wajen fara aikin zanga-zangar "Shin ni na gaba? / #amInext?" <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2019 |title=IN THEIR OWN WORDS: #AMINEXT ACTIVISTS: 'You will not moer us today': Lucinda Evans to police at the #AmINext Parliament protest |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-09-18-you-will-not-moer-us-today-lucinda-evans-to-police-at-the-aminext-parliament-protest/}}</ref> inda mutane daga ko'ina cikin kasar suka nuna rashin amincewa da karuwar tashin hankali na jima'i a Afirka ta kudu. == Kyaututtuka da karbuwa == * An zabi Evans kwanan nan don mukamin kwamishinan yara a Yammacin Cape . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-21 |title=Local activist makes BBC 100 Women 2019 list |url=https://www.vocfm.co.za/local-activist-makes-bbc-100-women-2019-list/ |access-date=2019-10-27 |website=Voice of the Cape |language=en-GB}}</ref> * A shekara ta 2016, an girmama ta da Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur daga jakadan [[Faransa]] a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name=":0"/> * A cikin 2019, an lasafta ta daya daga cikin Mata 100 na BBC.<ref name=":2"/> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] s47ga83zgy9os7g5z630kdrijgb2a6w 0 148647 828236 827282 2026-05-01T05:57:28Z InternetArchiveBot 13371 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 828236 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Makwena Lydia Komape-'''Ngwenya'''''' (née Ngwenya; 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1935 - 11 ga watan Oktoba shekara ta 2023), wanda aka fi sani da '''Lydia Kompe''', 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu, mai fafutuka, kuma mai sana'a. Ta wakilci [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] a Majalisar Dinkinobho daga 1994 zuwa 2009 kuma a Majalisar Dokokin Lardin Limpopo daga 2009 zuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=President Cyril Ramaphosa accords activist Lydia Komape-Ngwenya Special Provincial Official Funeral Category 2 &#124; South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/president-cyril-ramaphosa-accords-activist-lydia-komape-ngwenya-special |website=www.gov.za}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Mmakwena Lydia Komape-Ngwenya |url=https://www.ancvl.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Orbituary.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404193608/https://www.ancvl.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Orbituary.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-04}}</ref> Yaron manoma masu haya a Arewacin Transvaal, Komape-Ngwenya ya tashi zuwa matsayi na siyasa a tsakiyar shekarun 1970s a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan mata kalilan a cikin Kungiyar Ma'aikata ta Metal da Allied. A shekara ta 1986, ta koma yankunan karkara na Transvaal, inda ta yi aiki ga [[Black Sash]] kuma ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Karkara don jawo hankali ga batutuwan mata a cikin tattaunawar kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata. Ta shiga Majalisar dokokin Afirka ta Kudu bayan karshen wariyar launin fata.<ref name="auto"/> == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Komape-Ngwenya a ranar 6 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1935 <ref name=":02">{{Cite magazine|url-status=}}</ref> a cikin karkara Matlala, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Pietersburg a tsohuwar Transvaal. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Lydia Komape-Ngwenya (1935–) |url=https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/lydia-komape-ngwenya-1935 |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=The Presidency }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ɗaya daga cikin yara bakwai, Komape-Ngwenya daga baya ta bayyana kanta a matsayin "ɗan manomi"; ta girma a gonar Ofishin Jakadancin Lutheran na gida, inda mahaifinta ya kasance dikon kuma ya kiwon dabbobi da dankali.<ref name=":4"/> Iyalinta da sauran masu haya sun rasa hakkinsu na ƙasa a cikin 1950 a ƙarƙashin tsarin inganta wariyar launin fata.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Kodayake mahaifiyar Komape-Ngwenya ta koma [[Johannesburg]] don neman aikin gida, mahaifinta ba shi da aiki kuma iyalin suna ƙara talauci. A shekara ta 1954, bayan kammala Standard Eight (ƙasa goma), Komape-Ngwenya ya bar makaranta don neman aiki a wani karamin gari.<ref name=":3" /> Daga baya ta koma Johannesburg, inda, bayan aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gida a Hyde Park kuma a matsayin mai taimakawa a asibiti, ta sami aikin masana'antu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2"/> == Ayyuka da gwagwarmayar karkara == Yayinda yake aiki a masana'antar Heinemann Electric a wajen Alexandra, kungiyar Metal and Allied Workers' Union (MAWU) ta dauki Komape-Ngwenya a shekarar 1974. <ref name=":5"/> An zabe ta a matsayin mai kula da shagon a shekara ta 1976 kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta taimaka wajen shirya yajin aiki don hadin kai tare da masu zanga-zangar a cikin [[Tashin hankali na Soweto]].<ref name=":4"/> Bayan yajin aikin, an kori Komape-Ngwenya da sauran masu kula da shagon, kuma a shekarar 1977 MAWU ta hayar da ita a matsayin mai shirya kungiyar kwadago ta cikakken lokaci.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> A lokacin, Komape-Ngwenya ita ce kadai mace mai shirya kungiyar, kuma daga baya ta yi tunani game da yunkurin da ta yi na tsayayya da [[Wariyar Jinsi|nuna bambancin jinsi]] da ta fuskanta.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=LaNasa |first=Peter |date=12 June 2015 |title=The Rise of Women's Trade Unionism in South Africa |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/rise-women%E2%80%99s-trade-unionism-south-africa-peter-lanasa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908023912/http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/rise-women%E2%80%99s-trade-unionism-south-africa-peter-lanasa |archive-date=8 September 2017 |access-date=26 September 2016 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> Misali, don kalubalanci zaton cewa za ta kasance da alhakin ayyukan gida a ofishin, ta tsara jerin sunayen ayyukan gida ga maza. Bugu da kari, Komape-Ngwenya ta yi jayayya cewa 'yan ƙungiyar maza ba su damu da matsalolin da mata ma'aikatan ke fuskanta ba; ta ce [[Hutun iyaye]] lamari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda mata ke samun goyon bayan maza, saboda maza suna fatan a ba su izinin iyaye kuma "suna hutu da hutawa daga aiki".<ref name=":2" /> A matsayinta na mai shirya taron, Komape-Ngwenya ta yi kira ga wasu batutuwan mata, kamar su hada mata masu tsabtace dare da kuma tsayayyar da su ga cin zarafin jima'i na masu kula da su. <ref name=":12" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1935-10-23 |title=Lydia Kompe (née Ngwenya) |url=https://ourconstitution.wethepeoplesa.org/lydia-kompe-nee-ngwenya/ |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=Our Constitution |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin ƙungiyar ta, a cikin 1978, an nemi Komape-Ngwenya ta kafa reshen Transvaal na Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU, har zuwa lokacin da ke zaune a Natal); ta ci gaba da aiki a TGWU har zuwa 1985.<ref name=":5"/><ref name=":4"/> A wannan lokacin, ta shiga cikin kafa Tarayyar Kwadago ta Afirka ta Kudu a 1979 - kuma musamman wajen kafa kwamitin mata na tarayyar - kuma daga baya Majalisa ta Kwadago na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name=":4" /> A shekara mai zuwa, Komape-Ngwenya ya koma yankunan karkara na Transvaal kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin cikakken lokaci na Kwamitin Ayyukan Karkara na Transbaal na [[Black Sash]], wanda a lokacin aka mayar da hankali kan tallafawa wadanda aka tilasta cirewa. Bisa ga kwarewarta tare da kwamitin, Komape-Ngwenya ta kafa Ƙungiyar Mata ta Karkara a shekarar 1986. Wannan motsi ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar masu fafutuka kuma ya kasance sanannen murya a cikin Tattaunawa don kawo karshen wariyar launin fata; a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, motsi ya tsayayya da shawarwari don cire jagorancin gargajiya daga ka'idojin [[Daidaiton jinsi|daidaito tsakanin jinsi]]. <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=April 1994 |title=Lydia Kompe: Fighting for Rural Rights |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lydia-kompe-fighting-rural-rights-speak-april-1994-johannesburg |journal=SPEAK |pages=5–7 |access-date=14 September 2016 |via=South African History Online}}</ref><ref name=":4"/> == Ayyukan siyasa bayan wariyar launin fata == === Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa === A cikin Babban zaben 1994, an zabi Komape-Ngwenya don wakiltar [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] (ANC) a [[Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu|Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa]]. An sake zabar ta zuwa karin wa'adi a 1999 da 2004, tana wakiltar Mazabar Limpopo.<ref name=":02"/> Daga baya ta kwatanta ƙaura zuwa Cape Town don zuwa majalisa tare da kwarewarta ta baya ta bar 'ya'yanta su yi aiki a Johannesburg, tana cewa, "Ya kasance ci gaba da rayuwata a matsayin Ma'aikacin ƙaura. Yanzu kawai ina yin wannan saboda mutanen da suka sanya ni a can. Ya bambanta da baya lokacin da aka tilasta ni ta hanyar yanayi ya bar' ya'yanta. " A lokacin wa'adin ta na farko a cikin majalisa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=COSATU mourns the passing of Comrade Lydia Komape-Ngwenya |url=https://mediadon.co.za/2023/10/13/cosatu-mourns-the-passing-of-comrade-lydia-komape-ngwenya/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=COSATU |language=en-US}}</ref> Komape-Ngwenya ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kula da Aikin Gona da Harkokin Kasa, wanda a cikin wannan damar ta shiga cikin aiwatar da Dokar Maido da Hakkin Kasa, babban bangare na dokar sake fasalin ƙasa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=14 February 2013 |title=Lydia Kompe |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/lydia-kompe |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=South African History Online}}</ref> Daga baya ta ce, yayin tattaunawa game da Dokar, "Zan iya magana daga gogewa game da muhimmancin da aka haɗa mata a cikin wannan dokar. " Ta kuma kasance memba na Kwamitin Kulawa na hadin gwiwa kan Inganta Ingancin Rayuwa da Matsayin Mata kuma ta goyi bayan wucewar Dokar Kulawa don ba da amincewar doka ga auren al'ada. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2012 |title=Lydia Kompe-Ngwenya – South Africa |url=http://genderlinks.org.za/driversofchange/lydia-kompe-2012-06-06/ |access-date=14 September 2016 |website=Gender Links}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> === Majalisar dokoki ta Limpopo === Bayan babban zaben shekara ta 2009, Komape-Ngwenya ya bar Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa don ɗaukar kujerar ANC a Majalisar Dokokin Limpopo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 April 2009 |title=Limpopo MPLs elected April 22 |url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/limpopo-mpls-elected-april-22 |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref> Ta yi wa'adi biyu a can, ta sake samun zabe a shekarar 2014, kuma ta yi ritaya bayan Babban zaben 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Makwena Lydia Ngwenya |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/ms-makwena-lydia-ngwenya/ |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Komape-Ngwenya tana da yara uku masu girma, dukansu sun horar da su zama malamai.<ref name=":2"/> An haifi ɗanta na farko a shekara ta 1956 kuma ta yi aure a shekara ta 1958. Daga baya ta bayyana aurenta a matsayin mara farin ciki, wani bangare saboda matsin da dokokin wucewa da talauci suka haifar. A shekara ta 1973, Komape-Ngwenya ta bar mijinta, ta dauki 'ya'yanta. A wannan lokacin ne Komape-Ngwenya ya zama sananne da "Lydia Kompe": bayan da ta yi aure da Lydia Komape, ta sami takardar shaidar da aka ƙirƙira, a ƙarƙashin sunan Lydia Kompe, wanda ya bayyana ta a matsayin mai Launi maimakon baƙar fata kuma saboda haka ya ba ta damar tserewa daga wasu dokokin wucewa.<ref name=":3" /> == Mutuwa == Komape-Ngwenya ya mutu a ranar 11 ga Oktoba 2023. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-21 |title=Komape-Ngwenya laid to rest in Tsimanyane village, Limpopo |url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/komape-ngwenya-laid-to-rest-in-tsimanyane-village-limpopo/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=SABC News |language=en-US}}</ref> An binne ta a Tsimanye, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Groblersdal a Limpopo, kuma ta sami jana'izar hukuma ta musamman wacce Firayim Minista Stan Mathabatha da Mataimakin Sakatare Janar na ANC Maropene Ramokgopa suka yi jawabi.<ref name=":6" /> == Daraja == A watan Maris na shekara ta 2009, Shugaba Kgalema Motlanthe ya ba Komape-Ngwenya lambar yabo ta Luthuli a cikin tagulla saboda "rashin kai ga haƙƙin ma'aikata, karfafa mata na karkara da kuma 'yancin mutanenmu".<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 March 2009 |title=F Chikane unveils names of recipients of National Orders |url=https://www.gov.za/f-chikane-unveils-names-recipients-national-orders |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=South African Government}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2023]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1935]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] do63v647eyoambp8dwhw0by9vk1mngw 0 148724 828311 827776 2026-05-01T08:58:13Z Mahuta 11340 828311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Ricardo Kaká in 2023.png|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Ricardo Izecson dos Santos Leite''' (an haife shi ranar 22 ga Afrilu, 1982), wanda aka fi sani da '''Kaká''', tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Brazil]] wanda ya yi fice a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari. An san shi da [[fasaha]], sauri da kuma iya zura kwallaye daga nesa. Kaká yana daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan duniya a farkon shekarun 2000 zuwa 2010.<ref>FIFA Player Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Kaká a birnin Brasília amma ya taso a São Paulo. Ya fito daga gida mai matsakaicin hali inda iyayensa suka ba shi damar yin karatu tare da wasa. A lokacin yana yaro, ya samu rauni mai tsanani a baya wanda ya kusa hana shi ci gaba da wasa, amma daga baya ya warke.<ref>Biography.com – Kaká</ref> == Ayyukan kulob == === [[São Paulo]] FC === Kaká ya fara aikinsa na ƙwararru a ƙungiyar São Paulo FC a Brazil, inda ya nuna kwarewa sosai kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar lashe kofuna. Wannan ya ja hankalin manyan kulob na Turai.<ref>São Paulo Club Records</ref> === AC Milan === A shekara ta 2003, Kaká ya koma AC Milan a Italiya inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasa a duniya. Ya taimaka wa Milan lashe gasar UEFA Champions League a 2007 kuma ya lashe kyautar Ballon d'Or a shekarar nan.<ref>UEFA Records</ref> === [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] === A 2009, Kaká ya koma Real Madrid kan kudi mai yawa. Duk da cewa ya nuna hazaka, raunin da ya sha ya rage yawan wasannin da ya buga.<ref>Real Madrid Official</ref> === Komawa AC Milan da Orlando City === Daga baya ya koma AC Milan kafin ya koma Amurka ya buga wa Orlando City SC a Major League Soccer, inda ya zama tauraro kuma jagora ga kungiyar.<ref>MLS Official</ref> == Ayyukan kasa == Kaká ya taka rawa a tawagar ƙasar [[Brazil]], inda ya taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA da kuma Copa América. Ya taimaka wa [[Brazil]] lashe kofin duniya na 2002, kodayake bai taka rawa sosai a wancan lokaci ba.<ref>FIFA World Cup Records</ref> == Salon wasa == An san Kaká da gudu da iya sarrafa [[ƙwallo]] cikin sauri, tare da kwarewar zura kwallo daga nesa. Yana da ikon wuce ‘yan baya cikin sauƙi kuma yana da hangen nesa mai kyau a fili.<ref>ESPN Analysis</ref> == Nasarori == * Ballon d'Or: 2007 * [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2007 (AC Milan) * Serie A: 2004 (AC Milan) * FIFA World Cup: 2002 (Brazil)<ref>FIFA Awards</ref> == Rayuwa ta bayan wasa == Bayan ya yi ritaya daga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, Kaká ya shiga harkokin kasuwanci da ayyukan jin kai. Har ila yau yana aiki a matsayin jakadan FIFA da sauran kungiyoyi.<ref>FIFA Ambassadors</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> rai45q3kvq8p9znouvms3bb7f6ske0h 0 148730 827990 827821 2026-04-30T14:14:41Z Saad Nuhu 43323 827990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Europa League 2021.svg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''UEFA Europa League''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙungiyoyi wadda Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Turai (UEFA) ke shiryawa duk shekara ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasashen [[Turai]]. Ita ce gasa ta biyu mafi girma bayan [[UEFA Champions League]]. <ref>UEFA Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == UEFA Europa League ta fara ne a shekarar 1971 da sunan '''UEFA Cup'''. An ƙirƙire ta domin bai wa ƙarin ƙungiyoyi damar shiga gasa ta Turai, musamman waɗanda ba su kai matakin Champions League ba. A shekarar 2009 aka sauya sunanta zuwa UEFA Europa League tare da sabbin tsare-tsare. <ref>UEFA Competition History</ref> A farkon kafuwarta, gasar tana da tsarin fita-fita kai tsaye (knockout only), amma daga baya aka ƙara tsarin rukuni (group stage) domin ƙara adalci da yawan wasanni. Wannan canji ya sa gasar ta zama mafi up shahara da jan hankalin magoya baya. <ref>UEFA Format Changes Report</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar tana da matakai da dama, ciki har da share fage (qualifiers), matakin rukuni (group stage), da matakin fitar da kai tsaye (knockout stage). Ƙungiyoyi 32 ne ke shiga matakin rukuni inda ake rarraba su zuwa kungiyoyi takwas. <ref>UEFA Competition Regulations</ref> Ƙungiyoyin da suka ci gaba daga rukuni suna shiga zagaye na 16, sannan quarter-final, semi-final, har zuwa wasan ƙarshe. Wanda ya lashe gasar yana samun damar shiga UEFA Champions League na shekara mai zuwa. <ref>UEFA Qualification Rules</ref> == Muhimmancin Gasar == UEFA Europa League na da muhimmanci sosai ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda tana ba su damar samun gogewa a matakin Turai. Haka kuma tana taimakawa ƙungiyoyi wajen samun kuɗin shiga daga tallace-tallace da watsa shirye-shirye. <ref>UEFA Financial Reports</ref> Gasar kuma tana ba ƙananan ƙungiyoyi damar fafatawa da manyan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke ƙara ingancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai gaba ɗaya. <ref>UEFA Development Analysis</ref> == Zakaru da Nasarori == Ƙungiyar da ta fi lashe UEFA Europa League ita ce Sevilla FC daga ƙasar Spain. Sauran ƙungiyoyi masu nasara sun haɗa da Inter Milan, Liverpool, Chelsea, da Atlético Madrid. <ref>UEFA Historical Winners List</ref> == Kammalawa == UEFA Europa League tana daga cikin manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. Tana da tasiri mai yawa a ci gaban ƙungiyoyin Turai da kuma ƙara ingancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin duniya. <ref>UEFA Overview</ref> 3gr061goa1l176rwde0jy9myjh48i1q 827992 827990 2026-04-30T14:19:42Z Saad Nuhu 43323 827992 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Europa League 2021.svg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''UEFA Europa League''' gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙungiyoyi wadda Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Turai (UEFA) ke shiryawa duk shekara ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa daga ƙasashen [[Turai]]. Ita ce gasa ta biyu mafi girma bayan [[UEFA Champions League]]. <ref>UEFA Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == UEFA Europa League ta fara ne a shekarar 1971 da sunan '''UEFA Cup'''. An ƙirƙire ta domin bai wa ƙarin ƙungiyoyi damar shiga gasa ta Turai, musamman waɗanda ba su kai matakin Champions League ba. A shekarar 2009 aka sauya sunanta zuwa UEFA Europa League tare da sabbin tsare-tsare. <ref>UEFA Competition History</ref> A farkon kafuwarta, gasar tana da tsarin fita-fita kai tsaye (knockout only), amma daga baya aka ƙara tsarin rukuni (group stage) domin ƙara adalci da yawan wasanni. Wannan canji ya sa gasar ta zama mafi up shahara da jan hankalin magoya baya. <ref>UEFA Format Changes Report</ref> == Tsarin Gasar == Gasar tana da matakai da dama, ciki har da share fage (qualifiers), matakin rukuni (group stage), da matakin fitar da kai tsaye (knockout stage). Ƙungiyoyi 32 ne ke shiga matakin rukuni inda ake rarraba su zuwa kungiyoyi takwas. <ref>UEFA Competition Regulations</ref> Ƙungiyoyin da suka ci gaba daga rukuni suna shiga zagaye na 16, sannan quarter-final, semi-final, har zuwa wasan ƙarshe. Wanda ya lashe gasar yana samun damar shiga UEFA Champions League na shekara mai zuwa. <ref>UEFA Qualification Rules</ref> == Muhimmancin Gasar == UEFA Europa League na da muhimmanci sosai ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa saboda tana ba su damar samun gogewa a matakin Turai. Haka kuma tana taimakawa ƙungiyoyi wajen samun kuɗin shiga daga tallace-tallace da watsa shirye-shirye. <ref>UEFA Financial Reports</ref> Gasar kuma tana ba ƙananan ƙungiyoyi damar fafatawa da manyan ƙungiyoyi, wanda ke ƙara ingancin ƙwallon ƙafa a Turai gaba ɗaya. <ref>UEFA Development Analysis</ref> == Zakaru da Nasarori == Ƙungiyar da ta fi lashe UEFA Europa League ita ce Sevilla FC daga ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. Sauran ƙungiyoyi masu nasara sun haɗa da Inter Milan, Liverpool, Chelsea, da Atlético Madrid. <ref>UEFA Historical Winners List</ref> == Kammalawa == UEFA Europa League tana daga cikin manyan gasannin ƙwallon ƙafa a duniya. Tana da tasiri mai yawa a ci gaban ƙungiyoyin Turai da kuma ƙara ingancin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a matakin duniya. <ref>UEFA Overview</ref> pjve2tw2i1v19nfvhge8gnqqfyqvqis 0 148761 828310 827936 2026-05-01T08:56:11Z Mahuta 11340 828310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Pilar Bayer Isant''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar lissafi ce 'yar ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ta ƙware a fannin ka'idar lambobi. Ita farfesa ce ta Emerita a fannin Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta ta Jami'ar Barcelona.<ref>Dra. Bayer Isant, Pilar, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ilimi da aiki == An haifi Bayer a Barcelona a ranar 13 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Kafin ta zama ƙwararren masanin lissafi, ta sami takardar shaidar malamar piano daga Municipal Conservatory of Barcelona a shekarar 1967.<ref>Pilar Bayer Isant, retrato alfabético, Mujeres con ciencia, November 11, 2015, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> Ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a Jami'ar Barcelona a shekarar 1968, kuma ta kammala karatun digirinta na uku a can a shekarar 1975. Rafael Mallol Balmaña da Jürgen Neukirch ne suka kula da karatun digirinta na farko, ''Extensions maximales de un cuerpo global en las que un divisor primo descompone completamente.'' Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin mata biyu na farko da suka sami digirin digirgir daga jami'a; ɗayan kuma malamar makarantar sakandare ce. Ta kasance mataimakiya a Jami'ar Jami'ar Regensburg daga 1977 zuwa 1980. Bayan ta yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a Jami'ar Santander da Jami'ar Cin gashin kanta ta Barcelona, ta shiga jami'ar Jami'ar Barcelona a 1982. Ta yi ritaya a 2016. == Gudummawa == Tare da Montserrat Alsina, Bayer ita ce marubucin littafin ''Quaternion Orders, Quadratic Forms, da Shimura Curves'' (American Mathematical Society, 2004). Baya ga aljebras na quaternion, umarni na Eichler, siffofin quadratic, da kuma lanƙwasa Shimura (batun littafin), wasu batutuwa a cikin bincikenta sun haɗa da siffofin automorphic, lissafin diophantine, lanƙwasa elliptic, lanƙwasa masu motsi, da ayyukan zeta. Bayan ka'idar lamba, tare da Jordi Guàrdia da Artur Travesa ita ce marubucin ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' [[Tarihin lissafi|(]] Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2012) a tsakiyar karni na 9 a Jamus. tsakiyar karni na 20. Gabaɗaya ita marubuciya ce ko editan littattafai 19.<ref>Pilar Bayer Isant, University of Barcelona, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Ganewa == Bayer ta lashe lambar yabo ta Narcís Monturiol na Generalitat de Catalunya a cikin 1998. Littafinta ''Arrels germàniques de la matemàtica contemporània: amb una antologia de textos matemàtics de 1850 a 1950'' ta lashe lambar yabo ta Serra d'Or a Critic's. Ita ce Farfesa mai ziyara ta Emmy Noether a [[Jami'ar Göttingen]] a shekara ta 2004. Ita ƙwararriya ce a fannin ilimi a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Sarauta ta Spain, {{Interlanguage link|Royal European Academy of Doctors|ca|Reial Acadèmia Europea de Doctors}}, Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Royal ta Barcelona, da Cibiyar Nazarin Catalan. Domin girmama cikarta shekaru 70, Jami'ar Barcelona ta buga bugu biyu na zaɓaɓɓun ayyukanta a shekarar 2016.<ref>The University of Barcelona publishes the selected work of the academician Pilar Bayer, Royal European Academy of Doctors, 23 April 2016, retrieved 2019-06-27</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 0tj8bmdd25u47sf8r4twr90zfdfk5bv 2 148765 827997 2026-04-30T15:19:10Z Eamensa72 44441 Sabon shafi: {{User info | full name = Eamensa }} 827997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{User info | full name = Eamensa }} a0zjo6mquyohhff8s0rfxpa8as0o7qe 0 148766 827998 2026-04-30T15:22:30Z Eamensa72 44441 Sabon shafi: '''Ansuman Bhagat''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1996) marubuci ne na harshen Hindi daga Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=लेखक अंशुमन भगत का व्यक्तित्व |url=https://www.hindisamay.com/writer/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4.cspx?id=3352&name=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4 |access-date=2026-02-16 |websit... 827998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ansuman Bhagat''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1996) marubuci ne na harshen Hindi daga Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=लेखक अंशुमन भगत का व्यक्तित्व |url=https://www.hindisamay.com/writer/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4.cspx?id=3352&name=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.hindisamay.com }}</ref> Shi ne marubucin littattafai da dama, ciki har da littafinsa na huɗu, ''Ek Safar Mein'', wanda ke bincika batutuwa da suka shafi masana’antar talabijin da nishaɗi ta Bollywood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-02 |title=When writer Ansuman Bhagat exposed the dark reality of Bollywood in his book: 'Newcomers are frequently deceived, money is extorted...' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/when-writer-ansuman-bhagat-exposed-the-dark-reality-of-bollywood-in-his-book-newcomers-are-frequently-deceived-money-is-extorted-13975552.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064752/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/when-writer-ansuman-bhagat-exposed-the-dark-reality-of-bollywood-in-his-book-newcomers-are-frequently-deceived-money-is-extorted-13975552.html |archive-date=2026-02-03 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=Firstpost |language=fp-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2021-11-30 |title=टीवी इंडस्ट्री में कैसे बनता-बिगड़ता है उभरते कलाकारों का करियर? अंशुमन भगत की किताब 'एक सफर में' से खुलेंगे कई राज |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/writer-ansuman-bhagat-book-ek-safar-mein-will-revealed-shocking-truth-on-tv-industries-casting-couch-938170.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref> A lokacin annobar COVID-19, Bhagat ya rubuta wasiƙa buɗe zuwa ga Firayim Ministan Indiya Narendra Modi game da gudanar da annobar da damuwar jama’a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जमशेदपुर के युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत ने प्रधानमंत्री को कोरोना प्रबंधन पर दिए सुझाव, किया ये दावा - Jamshedpur young writer Anshuman Bhagat gave suggestions to the Prime Minister Narendra Modi on corona management claimed this |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-gave-suggestions-to-the-prime-minister-narendra-modi-on-corona-management-claimed-this-21597876.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Haka kuma ya gabatar da kwafin littafinsa ga Harivansh Narayan Singh, Mataimakin Shugaban Rajya Sabha, a bikin ''Jamshedpur Literature Festival''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |date=2025-12-22 |title=Jamshedpur author presents his book to Deputy Rajya Sabha Chairman Harivansh |url=https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpur-author-presents-his-book-to-deputy-rajya-sabha-chairman-harivansh/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Story |first=Jharkhand |date=2025-12-26 |title=Anshuman Bhagat presents his new book to RS Dy Chairman Harivansh at Jamshedpur Literature Festival |url=https://thejharkhandstory.co.in/author-anshuman-bhagat-presents-his-new-book-to-harivansh-rai-at-jamshedpur-literature-festival/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Jharkhand Story |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=author/lokmat-news |date=2025-12-22 |title=जमशेदपुर लिटरेचर फेस्टिवल 2025ः उपसभापति हरिवंश को अंशुमन भगत ने भेंट की पुस्तक “एक सफ़र में”, कलाकार, लेखक और दिग्गज शामिल |url=https://www.lokmatnews.in/india/jamshedpur-literature-festival-2025-anshuman-bhagat-presents-book-ek-safar-mein-vice-chairman-harivansh-artists-writers-and-luminaries-attend-b507/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Lokmat News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi == An haifi Ansuman Bhagat a ranar 7 ga Maris 1996 a Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, cikin iyalin Hindu. Iyayensa, ''Kismavati Devi'' da ''Joginder Bhagat'', sun ba shi tarbiyya ta al’ada da matsakaicin hali; mahaifiyarsa mai kula da gida ce, yayin da mahaifinsa ke harkar kasuwanci. Yana da ‘yan’uwa maza guda biyu, dukkansu malamai ne. Wannan yanayin iyali da muhimmancin ilimi sun taimaka sosai wajen bunƙasa halayensa da tunaninsa tun yana ƙarami. Bhagat ya kammala karatun farko a Jamshedpur sannan ya ci gaba da karatu, ciki har da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, inda ya fara sha’awar wasan kwaikwayo da rubutun kirkira. Ya samu horo na wasan kwaikwayo a ''Media Mantra Acting Academy'' sannan ya koma Mumbai domin faɗaɗa kwarewarsa. A wannan lokacin, ya yi nazari mai zurfi kan adabi, al’umma da rayuwa, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa shi a matsayin marubuci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=लेखन से मिली है लेखक अंशुमन भगत को बड़ी प्रसिद्धि |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-writer-anshuman-bhagat-got-great-fame-from-writing-6440036.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=एक ऐसा लेखक जो कृष्ण भक्ति में रहता है लीन, वृन्दावन में बसता है दिल |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/mathura/writer-who-remains-engrossed-in-devotion-to-krishna-his-heart-resides-in-vrindavan/articleshow/103438129.cms |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> == Aikin Rubutu == Ansuman Bhagat ya fara aikin rubutunsa a shekarar 2018 da littafinsa na farko ''Your Own Thought'', wanda aka wallafa ta Invincle Publishers na Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fb |last2=Tw |last3=Linkdin |last4=Whatsapp |last5=Us |first5=GNFollow |title=युवा लेखकों को कैसे प्रेरणा दे रहे हैं जमशेदपुर के राइटर अंशुमन भगत, जानिए उनकी दिलचस्प कहानी |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/jharkhand/writer-ansuman-bhagat-has-got-great-fame-from-writing-rbmlzh/articleshow-s2ddl9 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Asianet News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> Littafin ya samu yabo daga marubucin Jamshedpur mai suna C. Bhaskar Rao. Bhagat ya samu shahara sosai da littafinsa na huɗu ''Ek Safar Mein'', wanda ke bayyana rayuwa da kalubale a masana’antar Bollywood da talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बॉलीवुड की हकीकत बयां करती है अंशुमन भगत की किताब 'एक सफर में', जानिए कैसी होती है मायानगरी की लाइफ? |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/writer-ansuman-bhagat-book-ek-safar-mein-open-up-reality-of-bollywood-film-industry-read-in-hindi-5568738/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-24 |title=झारखंड के अंशुमन भगत का एक्टर से लेखक बनने तक का दिलचस्प सफर, जानें |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/ampstories/jharkhand-ansuman-bhagat-journey-from-actor-to-popular-writer |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukansa kamar ''Rajnaitik Gherav'' sun samu yabo daga tsohon Babban Ministan Jharkhand Raghubar Das.<ref>{{Cite news |title=जमशेदपुर के लेखक अंशुमन भगत को इंडिया बुक ऑफ रिकॉर्ड्स का मिला खिताब |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-got-title-of-india-book-of-records-jhnj-3621464.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250810172244/https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-got-title-of-india-book-of-records-jhnj-3621464.html |archive-date=2025-08-10 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref> An san shi da salon rubutu mai sauƙi amma mai zurfi, inda ayyukansa ke nuna fahimta mai ƙarfi game da al’umma, rayuwa da al’adu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-11 |title=Welcome to Jamshedpur – News, Tourist Attractions, Lifestyle & Travel |url=https://your-website-url.com/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Welcome to Jamshedpur |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=हिंदी साहित्य में सफलता की उड़ान भर रहे जमशेदपुर के लेखक अंशुमन भगत, अपनी लेखनी से बनाई पहचान |url=https://www.patrika.com/new-delhi-news/jamshedpur-s-writer-ansuman-bhagat-flying-success-in-hindi-literature-with-his-writing-8145374 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Author Literary Awards, Goa (2025) – ''saboda Ek Safar Mein.''<ref>{{Cite news |title=जमशेदपुर के युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत को गोवा में मिलेगा राष्ट्रीय सम्मान, बॉलीवुड के संघर्षों पर लिखी किताब ने बटोरी सराहना |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpurs-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-will-receive-national-honor-in-goa-for-his-book-on-bollywood-local18-9377687.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250709003033/https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpurs-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-will-receive-national-honor-in-goa-for-his-book-on-bollywood-local18-9377687.html |archive-date=2025-07-09 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vani |first=Udit |date=2025-07-05 |title=Bollywood Industry के संघर्षों पर लिखी किताब के लिए लेखक अंशुमन भगत को मिलेगा 'ऑथर लिटरेरी अवॉर्ड्स गोवा 2025' सम्मान |url=https://uditvani.in/jharkhand/jamshedpur/anshuman-bhagat-ek-safar-mein-award/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Udit Vani |language=en-US}}</ref> * Best Author of the Year (2022) – ''saboda Ek Safar Mein.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-04-24 |title=जमशेदपुर के अंशुमन भगत चुने गए 2022 के सर्वश्रेष्ठ लेखक, मन ओ मौसुमी ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/city/jamshedpur/jamshedpur-anshuman-bhagat-selected-for-best-writer-of-2022-by-monomousumi/jh20220424200156768768656 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=जमशेदपुर के अंशुमन ने जीता वर्ष 2022 के सर्वश्रेष्ठ लेखक का पुरस्कार |url=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/state-pcs-current-affairs/jamshedpur-anshuman-won-the-award-for-the-best-writer-of-the-year-2022 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Drishti IAS |language=en}}</ref> * Gurudev Sahitya Puraskar (2025) – ''saboda Ek Safar Mein.'' * India Book of Records (2021) – ''saboda gudummawa ga adabi.''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jamshedpur author in India Book of Records 2022 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-author-in-india-book-of-records-2022/cid/1821898 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250312114300/https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-author-in-india-book-of-records-2022/cid/1821898 |archive-date=2025-03-12 |access-date=2026-02-16 |language=en}}</ref> == Rikice-rikice == * A watan Agusta 2023, Bhagat ya shiga cikin wani zargi na honey trap da ya faru da misalin karfe 5 na safe, inda ya tsira ba tare da rauni ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=जमशेदपुर : हनी ट्रैप का शिकार होने से बचे लेखक अंशुमन भगत |url=https://lagatar.in/jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-saved-from-becoming-a-victim-of-honey-trap |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Lagatar Media Pvt. Ltd. |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Devanand |date=2023-08-24 |title=Jamshedpur Blackmail : युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत के साथ अचानक हुआ ऐसा क‍ि उड़ गये होश, आप भी जान‍िए और सतर्क-सावधान रहें - Rashtra Samvad |url=https://rashtrasamvad.com/jamshedpur-blackmail-suddenly-something-happened-with-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-that-you-lost-your-senses-you-should-also-know-and-be-careful/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> * A watan Yuni 2022, ya nuna damuwa kan rayuwar marubuta tare da rubuta wasiƙa ga Babban Ministan Jharkhand Hemant Soren.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |date=2022-06-10 |title=Jamshedpur writer Ansuman Bhagat writes to CM, seeks support |url=https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpur-writer-ansuman-bhagat-writes-to-cm-seeks-support/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-22 |title=लेखक अंशुमन भगत ने लिखा सीएम हेमंत सोरेन को पत्र,राज्य के लेखकों को प्रोत्साहन देने की मांग |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-writer-anshuman-bhagat-wrote-a-letter-to-cm-hemant-soren-demanding-encouragement-to-the-writers-of-the-state-6526334.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref> * A ranar 1 Maris 2025, an kai masa hari a gidansa da misalin 5:15 na yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Dipak |date=2025-03-02 |title=जमशेदपुर : शहर के प्रसिद्ध लेखक अंशुमन भगत पर बर्बर हमला, इंसानियत हुई शर्मसार |url=https://vananchal24tvlive.com/jamshedpur-barbaric-attack-on-citys-famous-writer-anshuman-bhagat-humanity-put-to-shame/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Vananchal 24TV Live - वनांचल 24TV लाइव |language=en-US}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka wallafa == * ''Ek Safar Mein<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2021-12-18 |title=अंशुमन भगत की किताब 'एक सफर में' हुई लॉन्च, टीवी इंडस्ट्री पर है आधारित |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/ansuman-bhagat-book-based-on-tv-industry-ek-safar-main-is-launched-today-965249.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref>'' * ''Rajnaitik Gherav''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=नई किताब ‘राजनीतिक घेराव’ से फिर सुर्खियों में जमशेदपुर के युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत, जानिए क्या है खास |url=https://www.patrika.com/jamshedpur-news/jamshedpur-famous-writer-ansuman-bhagat-s-new-book-rajnitik-gherab-8042372 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजनीति पर अंशुमन भगत की जल्द आएगी किताब |url=https://www.inextlive.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/anshuman-bhagat-new-book-will-be-published-soon-1650221408 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref> * ''Jati Mat Poochho''<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=डीएनए हिंदी वेब |title=जातिवाद और भेदभाव के रंग में रंगे लोगों की आंखे खोल देगी 'जाति मत पूछो' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hindi/lifestyle/live-updates-ansuman-bhagat-book-jati-mat-pucho-will-break-the-rule-of-casteism-awareness-against-cast-through-literature-4104696 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=DNA Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> * ''Your Own Thought''<ref>{{Cite web |title=कोविड-19 से लड़ने की प्रेरणा देते हैं युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत, ओएमजी ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/ansuman-bhagat-makes-omg-books-of-records-for-book-your-own-thought |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> == Girmamawa == * A shekarar 2023, an gayyace shi a matsayin ɗan tattaunawa a Vadodara Literature Festival tare da Khalid Javed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=झारखंड की भाषाओं में है अपनापन और गहराई : अंशुमन |url=https://www.inextlive.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-also-participated-in-vadodara-literature-festival-1684178132 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=Literature festival: भाषाएं कराती हैं अपनेपन का अहसास, लिटरेचर फेस्टिवल में क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं पर जोर |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/anshuman-bhagat-discusses-the-importance-of-regional-languages-at-iimun-literature-festival-8241443 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref> * Hukumar MyGov ta amince da gudummawar adabinsa. * A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Bhagat domin la’akari da shi don lambar yabo ta Padma Shri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madan |first=Jatin |title=जमशेदपुर का नाम रोशन कर रहे हैं अंशुमन भगत, पद्म श्री अवॉर्ड्स 2023 के लिए हुए नॉमिनेट |url=https://www.newsnationtv.com/states/jharkhand/anshuman-bhagat-is-nominated-for-padma-shri-awards-2023-307225.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.newsnationtv.com |language=hi}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kth209l4wpqefsoyw9eav7s4p1n0fsf 828000 827998 2026-04-30T15:23:43Z Eamensa72 44441 828000 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ansuman Bhagat''' (an haife shi a ranar 7 ga Maris 1996) marubuci ne na harshen Hindi daga Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, Indiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=लेखक अंशुमन भगत का व्यक्तित्व |url=https://www.hindisamay.com/writer/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4.cspx?id=3352&name=%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A4 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.hindisamay.com }}</ref> Shi ne marubucin littattafai da dama, ciki har da littafinsa na huɗu, ''Ek Safar Mein'', wanda ke bincika batutuwa da suka shafi masana’antar talabijin da nishaɗi ta Bollywood.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-02-02 |title=When writer Ansuman Bhagat exposed the dark reality of Bollywood in his book: 'Newcomers are frequently deceived, money is extorted...' |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/when-writer-ansuman-bhagat-exposed-the-dark-reality-of-bollywood-in-his-book-newcomers-are-frequently-deceived-money-is-extorted-13975552.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260203064752/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/when-writer-ansuman-bhagat-exposed-the-dark-reality-of-bollywood-in-his-book-newcomers-are-frequently-deceived-money-is-extorted-13975552.html |archive-date=2026-02-03 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=Firstpost |language=fp-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2021-11-30 |title=टीवी इंडस्ट्री में कैसे बनता-बिगड़ता है उभरते कलाकारों का करियर? अंशुमन भगत की किताब 'एक सफर में' से खुलेंगे कई राज |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/writer-ansuman-bhagat-book-ek-safar-mein-will-revealed-shocking-truth-on-tv-industries-casting-couch-938170.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref> A lokacin annobar [[COVID-19 pandemic cases|COVID-19]], Bhagat ya rubuta wasiƙa buɗe zuwa ga Firayim Ministan Indiya [[Narendra Modi|Narendra Mod]]<nowiki/>i game da gudanar da annobar da damuwar jama’a.<ref>{{Cite web |title=जमशेदपुर के युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत ने प्रधानमंत्री को कोरोना प्रबंधन पर दिए सुझाव, किया ये दावा - Jamshedpur young writer Anshuman Bhagat gave suggestions to the Prime Minister Narendra Modi on corona management claimed this |url=https://www.jagran.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-gave-suggestions-to-the-prime-minister-narendra-modi-on-corona-management-claimed-this-21597876.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> Haka kuma ya gabatar da kwafin littafinsa ga Harivansh Narayan Singh, Mataimakin Shugaban Rajya Sabha, a bikin ''Jamshedpur Literature Festival''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |date=2025-12-22 |title=Jamshedpur author presents his book to Deputy Rajya Sabha Chairman Harivansh |url=https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpur-author-presents-his-book-to-deputy-rajya-sabha-chairman-harivansh/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Story |first=Jharkhand |date=2025-12-26 |title=Anshuman Bhagat presents his new book to RS Dy Chairman Harivansh at Jamshedpur Literature Festival |url=https://thejharkhandstory.co.in/author-anshuman-bhagat-presents-his-new-book-to-harivansh-rai-at-jamshedpur-literature-festival/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Jharkhand Story |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=author/lokmat-news |date=2025-12-22 |title=जमशेदपुर लिटरेचर फेस्टिवल 2025ः उपसभापति हरिवंश को अंशुमन भगत ने भेंट की पुस्तक “एक सफ़र में”, कलाकार, लेखक और दिग्गज शामिल |url=https://www.lokmatnews.in/india/jamshedpur-literature-festival-2025-anshuman-bhagat-presents-book-ek-safar-mein-vice-chairman-harivansh-artists-writers-and-luminaries-attend-b507/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Lokmat News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> == Rayuwar Farko da Ilimi == An haifi Ansuman Bhagat a ranar 7 ga Maris 1996 a Jamshedpur, [[Jharkhand]], cikin iyalin Hindu. Iyayensa, ''Kismavati Devi'' da ''Joginder Bhagat'', sun ba shi tarbiyya ta al’ada da matsakaicin hali; mahaifiyarsa mai kula da gida ce, yayin da mahaifinsa ke harkar kasuwanci. Yana da ‘yan’uwa maza guda biyu, dukkansu malamai ne. Wannan yanayin iyali da muhimmancin ilimi sun taimaka sosai wajen bunƙasa halayensa da tunaninsa tun yana ƙarami. Bhagat ya kammala karatun farko a Jamshedpur sannan ya ci gaba da karatu, ciki har da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam, inda ya fara sha’awar wasan kwaikwayo da rubutun kirkira. Ya samu horo na wasan kwaikwayo a ''Media Mantra Acting Academy'' sannan ya koma Mumbai domin faɗaɗa kwarewarsa. A wannan lokacin, ya yi nazari mai zurfi kan adabi, al’umma da rayuwa, wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa shi a matsayin marubuci.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-06 |title=लेखन से मिली है लेखक अंशुमन भगत को बड़ी प्रसिद्धि |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-writer-anshuman-bhagat-got-great-fame-from-writing-6440036.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=एक ऐसा लेखक जो कृष्ण भक्ति में रहता है लीन, वृन्दावन में बसता है दिल |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/mathura/writer-who-remains-engrossed-in-devotion-to-krishna-his-heart-resides-in-vrindavan/articleshow/103438129.cms |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> == Aikin Rubutu == Ansuman Bhagat ya fara aikin rubutunsa a shekarar 2018 da littafinsa na farko ''Your Own Thought'', wanda aka wallafa ta Invincle Publishers na Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fb |last2=Tw |last3=Linkdin |last4=Whatsapp |last5=Us |first5=GNFollow |title=युवा लेखकों को कैसे प्रेरणा दे रहे हैं जमशेदपुर के राइटर अंशुमन भगत, जानिए उनकी दिलचस्प कहानी |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/jharkhand/writer-ansuman-bhagat-has-got-great-fame-from-writing-rbmlzh/articleshow-s2ddl9 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Asianet News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> Littafin ya samu yabo daga marubucin Jamshedpur mai suna C. Bhaskar Rao. Bhagat ya samu shahara sosai da littafinsa na huɗu ''Ek Safar Mein'', wanda ke bayyana rayuwa da kalubale a masana’antar Bollywood da talabijin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बॉलीवुड की हकीकत बयां करती है अंशुमन भगत की किताब 'एक सफर में', जानिए कैसी होती है मायानगरी की लाइफ? |url=https://www.india.com/hindi-news/entertainment-hindi/writer-ansuman-bhagat-book-ek-safar-mein-open-up-reality-of-bollywood-film-industry-read-in-hindi-5568738/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.india.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-24 |title=झारखंड के अंशुमन भगत का एक्टर से लेखक बनने तक का दिलचस्प सफर, जानें |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/ampstories/jharkhand-ansuman-bhagat-journey-from-actor-to-popular-writer |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=en}}</ref> Ayyukansa kamar ''Rajnaitik Gherav'' sun samu yabo daga tsohon Babban Ministan Jharkhand Raghubar Das.<ref>{{Cite news |title=जमशेदपुर के लेखक अंशुमन भगत को इंडिया बुक ऑफ रिकॉर्ड्स का मिला खिताब |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-got-title-of-india-book-of-records-jhnj-3621464.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250810172244/https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-got-title-of-india-book-of-records-jhnj-3621464.html |archive-date=2025-08-10 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref> An san shi da salon rubutu mai sauƙi amma mai zurfi, inda ayyukansa ke nuna fahimta mai ƙarfi game da al’umma, rayuwa da al’adu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-11 |title=Welcome to Jamshedpur – News, Tourist Attractions, Lifestyle & Travel |url=https://your-website-url.com/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Welcome to Jamshedpur |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-04 |title=हिंदी साहित्य में सफलता की उड़ान भर रहे जमशेदपुर के लेखक अंशुमन भगत, अपनी लेखनी से बनाई पहचान |url=https://www.patrika.com/new-delhi-news/jamshedpur-s-writer-ansuman-bhagat-flying-success-in-hindi-literature-with-his-writing-8145374 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == * Author Literary Awards, Goa (2025) – ''saboda Ek Safar Mein.''<ref>{{Cite news |title=जमशेदपुर के युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत को गोवा में मिलेगा राष्ट्रीय सम्मान, बॉलीवुड के संघर्षों पर लिखी किताब ने बटोरी सराहना |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpurs-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-will-receive-national-honor-in-goa-for-his-book-on-bollywood-local18-9377687.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250709003033/https://hindi.news18.com/news/jharkhand/jamshedpur-jamshedpurs-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-will-receive-national-honor-in-goa-for-his-book-on-bollywood-local18-9377687.html |archive-date=2025-07-09 |access-date=2026-02-16 |work=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vani |first=Udit |date=2025-07-05 |title=Bollywood Industry के संघर्षों पर लिखी किताब के लिए लेखक अंशुमन भगत को मिलेगा 'ऑथर लिटरेरी अवॉर्ड्स गोवा 2025' सम्मान |url=https://uditvani.in/jharkhand/jamshedpur/anshuman-bhagat-ek-safar-mein-award/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Udit Vani |language=en-US}}</ref> * Best Author of the Year (2022) – ''saboda Ek Safar Mein.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2022-04-24 |title=जमशेदपुर के अंशुमन भगत चुने गए 2022 के सर्वश्रेष्ठ लेखक, मन ओ मौसुमी ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/jharkhand/city/jamshedpur/jamshedpur-anshuman-bhagat-selected-for-best-writer-of-2022-by-monomousumi/jh20220424200156768768656 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=जमशेदपुर के अंशुमन ने जीता वर्ष 2022 के सर्वश्रेष्ठ लेखक का पुरस्कार |url=https://www.drishtiias.com/hindi/state-pcs-current-affairs/jamshedpur-anshuman-won-the-award-for-the-best-writer-of-the-year-2022 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Drishti IAS |language=en}}</ref> * Gurudev Sahitya Puraskar (2025) – ''saboda Ek Safar Mein.'' * India Book of Records (2021) – ''saboda gudummawa ga adabi.''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jamshedpur author in India Book of Records 2022 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-author-in-india-book-of-records-2022/cid/1821898 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250312114300/https://www.telegraphindia.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur-author-in-india-book-of-records-2022/cid/1821898 |archive-date=2025-03-12 |access-date=2026-02-16 |language=en}}</ref> == Rikice-rikice == * A watan Agusta 2023, Bhagat ya shiga cikin wani zargi na honey trap da ya faru da misalin karfe 5 na safe, inda ya tsira ba tare da rauni ba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-24 |title=जमशेदपुर : हनी ट्रैप का शिकार होने से बचे लेखक अंशुमन भगत |url=https://lagatar.in/jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-saved-from-becoming-a-victim-of-honey-trap |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Lagatar Media Pvt. Ltd. |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Devanand |date=2023-08-24 |title=Jamshedpur Blackmail : युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत के साथ अचानक हुआ ऐसा क‍ि उड़ गये होश, आप भी जान‍िए और सतर्क-सावधान रहें - Rashtra Samvad |url=https://rashtrasamvad.com/jamshedpur-blackmail-suddenly-something-happened-with-young-writer-anshuman-bhagat-that-you-lost-your-senses-you-should-also-know-and-be-careful/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> * A watan Yuni 2022, ya nuna damuwa kan rayuwar marubuta tare da rubuta wasiƙa ga Babban Ministan Jharkhand Hemant Soren.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |date=2022-06-10 |title=Jamshedpur writer Ansuman Bhagat writes to CM, seeks support |url=https://avenuemail.in/jamshedpur-writer-ansuman-bhagat-writes-to-cm-seeks-support/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=The Avenue Mail |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-22 |title=लेखक अंशुमन भगत ने लिखा सीएम हेमंत सोरेन को पत्र,राज्य के लेखकों को प्रोत्साहन देने की मांग |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/story-writer-anshuman-bhagat-wrote-a-letter-to-cm-hemant-soren-demanding-encouragement-to-the-writers-of-the-state-6526334.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.livehindustan.com |language=hi}}</ref> * A ranar 1 Maris 2025, an kai masa hari a gidansa da misalin 5:15 na yamma.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nag |first=Dipak |date=2025-03-02 |title=जमशेदपुर : शहर के प्रसिद्ध लेखक अंशुमन भगत पर बर्बर हमला, इंसानियत हुई शर्मसार |url=https://vananchal24tvlive.com/jamshedpur-barbaric-attack-on-citys-famous-writer-anshuman-bhagat-humanity-put-to-shame/ |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Vananchal 24TV Live - वनांचल 24TV लाइव |language=en-US}}</ref> == Littattafan da aka wallafa == * ''Ek Safar Mein<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bharatvarsh |first=TV9 |date=2021-12-18 |title=अंशुमन भगत की किताब 'एक सफर में' हुई लॉन्च, टीवी इंडस्ट्री पर है आधारित |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/ansuman-bhagat-book-based-on-tv-industry-ek-safar-main-is-launched-today-965249.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref>'' * ''Rajnaitik Gherav''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-14 |title=नई किताब ‘राजनीतिक घेराव’ से फिर सुर्खियों में जमशेदपुर के युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत, जानिए क्या है खास |url=https://www.patrika.com/jamshedpur-news/jamshedpur-famous-writer-ansuman-bhagat-s-new-book-rajnitik-gherab-8042372 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=राजनीति पर अंशुमन भगत की जल्द आएगी किताब |url=https://www.inextlive.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/anshuman-bhagat-new-book-will-be-published-soon-1650221408 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref> * ''Jati Mat Poochho''<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=डीएनए हिंदी वेब |title=जातिवाद और भेदभाव के रंग में रंगे लोगों की आंखे खोल देगी 'जाति मत पूछो' |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hindi/lifestyle/live-updates-ansuman-bhagat-book-jati-mat-pucho-will-break-the-rule-of-casteism-awareness-against-cast-through-literature-4104696 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=DNA Hindi |language=hi}}</ref> * ''Your Own Thought''<ref>{{Cite web |title=कोविड-19 से लड़ने की प्रेरणा देते हैं युवा लेखक अंशुमन भगत, ओएमजी ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.amarujala.com/kavya/ansuman-bhagat-makes-omg-books-of-records-for-book-your-own-thought |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> == Girmamawa == * A shekarar 2023, an gayyace shi a matsayin ɗan tattaunawa a Vadodara Literature Festival tare da Khalid Javed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=झारखंड की भाषाओं में है अपनापन और गहराई : अंशुमन |url=https://www.inextlive.com/jharkhand/jamshedpur/jamshedpur-writer-anshuman-bhagat-also-participated-in-vadodara-literature-festival-1684178132 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=inextlive |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-16 |title=Literature festival: भाषाएं कराती हैं अपनेपन का अहसास, लिटरेचर फेस्टिवल में क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं पर जोर |url=https://www.patrika.com/meerut-news/anshuman-bhagat-discusses-the-importance-of-regional-languages-at-iimun-literature-festival-8241443 |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref> * Hukumar MyGov ta amince da gudummawar adabinsa. * A shekarar 2022, an zaɓi Bhagat domin la’akari da shi don lambar yabo ta Padma Shri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Madan |first=Jatin |title=जमशेदपुर का नाम रोशन कर रहे हैं अंशुमन भगत, पद्म श्री अवॉर्ड्स 2023 के लिए हुए नॉमिनेट |url=https://www.newsnationtv.com/states/jharkhand/anshuman-bhagat-is-nominated-for-padma-shri-awards-2023-307225.html |access-date=2026-02-16 |website=www.newsnationtv.com |language=hi}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} k4v47z0k58onbfmng9l1ogpeihnzv3d 0 148767 828001 2026-04-30T15:39:39Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Oliver Baumann | cikakken_suna = Oliver Baumann | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1990|6|2}} | wurin_haihuwa = Breisach am Rhein, Jamus | tsawo = 1.87 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida | kungiyar_yanzu = TSG Hoffenheim | lamba = 1 }} '''Oliver Baumann''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus... 828001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Oliver Baumann | cikakken_suna = Oliver Baumann | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1990|6|2}} | wurin_haihuwa = Breisach am Rhein, Jamus | tsawo = 1.87 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida | kungiyar_yanzu = TSG Hoffenheim | lamba = 1 }} '''Oliver Baumann''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus.<ref>Bundesliga Official Profile: Oliver Baumann</ref> An haifi Baumann a garin Breisach am Rhein da ke ƙasar Jamus, inda ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>German Football Association Youth Records</ref> Ya fara horo a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta Freiburg.<ref>SC Freiburg Academy Report</ref> Baumann ya fara buga wasan ƙwararru ne tare da ƙungiyar [[SC Freiburg]] a shekarar 2009, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>SC Freiburg Player Statistics</ref> Ya shahara wajen iya tsare kwallo da kuma kwarin gwiwarsa a cikin fili.<ref>Bundesliga Performance Analysis</ref> A shekarar 2014, ya koma ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] inda ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.<ref>Transfermarkt: Oliver Baumann Transfer History</ref> Tun daga lokacin, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref>Hoffenheim Club Records</ref> Baumann ya wakilci Jamus a matakan matasa, kuma daga baya aka kira shi cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa.<ref>DFB National Team Records</ref> Duk da cewa bai kasance babban zaɓi ba a farkon lokaci, ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasa masu muhimmanci.<ref>Germany Squad Listings</ref> An san Baumann da kwarewa wajen tsare kwallaye masu wahala da kuma iya jagorantar tsaron baya.<ref>Football Analysis Reports</ref> Hakan ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gogaggun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>Player Performance Reviews</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 3g118fhcfnzpecdhvhv7a61smvykqws 828002 828001 2026-04-30T15:41:01Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:OliverBaumann (cropped).jpg|thumb|349x349px]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Oliver Baumann | cikakken_suna = Oliver Baumann | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1990|6|2}} | wurin_haihuwa = Breisach am Rhein, Jamus | tsawo = 1.87 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida | kungiyar_yanzu = TSG Hoffenheim | lamba = 1 }} '''Oliver Baumann''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus.<ref>Bundesliga Official Profile: Oliver Baumann</ref> An haifi Baumann a garin Breisach am Rhein da ke ƙasar Jamus, inda ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>German Football Association Youth Records</ref> Ya fara horo a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta Freiburg.<ref>SC Freiburg Academy Report</ref> Baumann ya fara buga wasan ƙwararru ne tare da ƙungiyar [[SC Freiburg]] a shekarar 2009, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>SC Freiburg Player Statistics</ref> Ya shahara wajen iya tsare kwallo da kuma kwarin gwiwarsa a cikin fili.<ref>Bundesliga Performance Analysis</ref> A shekarar 2014, ya koma ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] inda ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.<ref>Transfermarkt: Oliver Baumann Transfer History</ref> Tun daga lokacin, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref>Hoffenheim Club Records</ref> Baumann ya wakilci Jamus a matakan matasa, kuma daga baya aka kira shi cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa.<ref>DFB National Team Records</ref> Duk da cewa bai kasance babban zaɓi ba a farkon lokaci, ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasa masu muhimmanci.<ref>Germany Squad Listings</ref> An san Baumann da kwarewa wajen tsare kwallaye masu wahala da kuma iya jagorantar tsaron baya.<ref>Football Analysis Reports</ref> Hakan ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gogaggun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>Player Performance Reviews</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 8rm2w1ajh9509vjfqnyybh3gl8okz59 828004 828002 2026-04-30T15:42:22Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828004 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:OliverBaumann (cropped).jpg|thumb|349x349px]] {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa | suna = Oliver Baumann | cikakken_suna = Oliver Baumann | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1990|6|2}} | wurin_haihuwa = Breisach am Rhein, Jamus | tsawo = 1.87 m | matsayi = Mai tsaron gida | kungiyar_yanzu = TSG Hoffenheim | lamba = 1 }} '''Oliver Baumann''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta [[Jamus]].<ref>Bundesliga Official Profile: Oliver Baumann</ref> An haifi Baumann a garin Breisach am Rhein da ke ƙasar Jamus, inda ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>German Football Association Youth Records</ref> Ya fara horo a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta Freiburg.<ref>SC Freiburg Academy Report</ref> Baumann ya fara buga wasan ƙwararru ne tare da ƙungiyar [[SC Freiburg]] a shekarar 2009, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>SC Freiburg Player Statistics</ref> Ya shahara wajen iya tsare kwallo da kuma kwarin gwiwarsa a cikin fili.<ref>Bundesliga Performance Analysis</ref> A shekarar 2014, ya koma ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] inda ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.<ref>Transfermarkt: Oliver Baumann Transfer History</ref> Tun daga lokacin, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref>Hoffenheim Club Records</ref> Baumann ya wakilci Jamus a matakan matasa, kuma daga baya aka kira shi cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa.<ref>DFB National Team Records</ref> Duk da cewa bai kasance babban zaɓi ba a farkon lokaci, ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasa masu muhimmanci.<ref>Germany Squad Listings</ref> An san Baumann da kwarewa wajen tsare kwallaye masu wahala da kuma iya jagorantar tsaron baya.<ref>Football Analysis Reports</ref> Hakan ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gogaggun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>Player Performance Reviews</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> npgw7p1fowabjk59y63uzcvmxzw440s 828291 828004 2026-05-01T07:14:59Z Mahuta 11340 828291 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:OliverBaumann (cropped).jpg|thumb|349x349px]] {{Databox}} '''Oliver Baumann''' (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1990) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Jamus wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta [[Jamus]].<ref>Bundesliga Official Profile: Oliver Baumann</ref> An haifi Baumann a garin Breisach am Rhein da ke ƙasar Jamus, inda ya fara sha’awar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami.<ref>German Football Association Youth Records</ref> Ya fara horo a ƙungiyoyin matasa kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horar da 'yan wasa ta Freiburg.<ref>SC Freiburg Academy Report</ref> Baumann ya fara buga wasan ƙwararru ne tare da ƙungiyar [[SC Freiburg]] a shekarar 2009, inda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>SC Freiburg Player Statistics</ref> Ya shahara wajen iya tsare kwallo da kuma kwarin gwiwarsa a cikin fili.<ref>Bundesliga Performance Analysis</ref> A shekarar 2014, ya koma ƙungiyar [[TSG Hoffenheim]] inda ya ci gaba da taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin mai tsaron gida na farko.<ref>Transfermarkt: Oliver Baumann Transfer History</ref> Tun daga lokacin, ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙungiyar.<ref>Hoffenheim Club Records</ref> Baumann ya wakilci Jamus a matakan matasa, kuma daga baya aka kira shi cikin manyan 'yan wasan ƙasa.<ref>DFB National Team Records</ref> Duk da cewa bai kasance babban zaɓi ba a farkon lokaci, ya kasance cikin jerin 'yan wasa masu muhimmanci.<ref>Germany Squad Listings</ref> An san Baumann da kwarewa wajen tsare kwallaye masu wahala da kuma iya jagorantar tsaron baya.<ref>Football Analysis Reports</ref> Hakan ya sa ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin gogaggun masu tsaron gida a Bundesliga.<ref>Player Performance Reviews</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> ijj7bsg7b2w2crdp1w7f9oh0l4emjjm 0 148768 828005 2026-04-30T15:46:54Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Logo SC Freiburg 27.06.1952 - 1958.gif|thumb]] {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = SC Freiburg | cikakken_suna = Sport-Club Freiburg e.V. | lakabi = Breisgau-Brasilianer | kafa = 1904 | fili = Europa-Park Stadion | gari = Freiburg im Breisgau, Jamus | karfin_fili = 34,700 | shugaba = Fritz Keller | koci = Christian Streich | gasar = Bundesliga }} '''Sport-Club Freiburg e.V.''', wanda aka fi sani da '''SC Freiburg''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Jamus da... 828005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Logo SC Freiburg 27.06.1952 - 1958.gif|thumb]] {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = SC Freiburg | cikakken_suna = Sport-Club Freiburg e.V. | lakabi = Breisgau-Brasilianer | kafa = 1904 | fili = Europa-Park Stadion | gari = Freiburg im Breisgau, Jamus | karfin_fili = 34,700 | shugaba = Fritz Keller | koci = Christian Streich | gasar = Bundesliga }} '''Sport-Club Freiburg e.V.''', wanda aka fi sani da '''SC Freiburg''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Jamus da ke garin Freiburg im Breisgau a jihar Baden-Württemberg. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1904 kuma tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka daɗe suna taka rawa a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus.<ref>Bundesliga Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa SC Freiburg ne a shekarar 1904 sakamakon haɗuwar ƙungiyoyi biyu na matasa a yankin. A farkon shekarun ta, ƙungiyar ta fi taka rawa a ƙananan lig-lig na yankin kafin daga baya ta fara samun nasarori a matakin ƙasa. Ta samu damar shiga Bundesliga a karon farko a shekarar 1993.<ref>DFB (German Football Association)</ref> == Ci gaba da nasarori == SC Freiburg ba ta daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke lashe manyan kofuna akai-akai, amma ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasa da kuma tsarin gudanarwa mai kyau. A wasu lokuta, ƙungiyar na samun gurbin shiga gasar Turai kamar UEFA Europa League sakamakon kyakkyawan matsayi a Bundesliga.<ref>UEFA Reports</ref> == Filin wasa == Ƙungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin '''Europa-Park Stadion''', wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2021. Filin yana da ƙarfin ɗaukar kusan mutane 34,700 kuma yana daga cikin sabbin filayen wasa a Jamus.<ref>Stadium Database</ref> == Koci da salon wasa == Tun shekarar 2011, '''Christian Streich''' ke jagorantar ƙungiyar a matsayin koci. Ya shahara wajen amfani da matasa, koyar da tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin 'yan wasa. Salon wasan ƙungiyar yawanci yana haɗa kai, tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙoƙari mai yawa.<ref>Bundesliga Coaching Profiles</ref> == Makarantar matasa == SC Freiburg ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasa ta hanyar makarantar ta (academy). 'Yan wasa da dama sun fito daga wannan makaranta zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi a Turai. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen rage kashe kuɗi da kuma ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>Football Youth Development Studies</ref> == Magoya baya == Magoya bayan SC Freiburg suna da aminci sosai ga ƙungiyar, kuma suna goyon bayan ƙungiyar ko da a lokacin rashin nasara. Ƙungiyar tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da al’ummarta a yankin Freiburg.<ref>Fan Culture in Germany</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> hianuywvseyztmc2pz5td6i3xruof5q 828006 828005 2026-04-30T15:47:54Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828006 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Logo SC Freiburg 27.06.1952 - 1958.gif|thumb]] {{Infobox kungiyar kwallon kafa | suna = SC Freiburg | cikakken_suna = Sport-Club Freiburg e.V. | lakabi = Breisgau-Brasilianer | kafa = 1904 | fili = Europa-Park Stadion | gari = Freiburg im Breisgau, Jamus | karfin_fili = 34,700 | shugaba = Fritz Keller | koci = Christian Streich | gasar = Bundesliga }} '''Sport-Club Freiburg e.V.''', wanda aka fi sani da '''SC Freiburg''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Jamus da ke garin Freiburg im Breisgau a jihar Baden-Württemberg. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1904 kuma tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka daɗe suna taka rawa a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta Jamus.<ref>Bundesliga Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa SC Freiburg ne a shekarar 1904 sakamakon haɗuwar ƙungiyoyi biyu na matasa a yankin. A farkon shekarun ta, ƙungiyar ta fi taka rawa a ƙananan lig-lig na yankin kafin daga baya ta fara samun nasarori a matakin ƙasa. Ta samu damar shiga Bundesliga a karon farko a shekarar 1993.<ref>DFB (German Football Association)</ref> == Ci gaba da nasarori == SC Freiburg ba ta daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke lashe manyan kofuna akai-akai, amma ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasa da kuma tsarin gudanarwa mai kyau. A wasu lokuta, ƙungiyar na samun gurbin shiga gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] sakamakon kyakkyawan matsayi a Bundesliga.<ref>UEFA Reports</ref> == Filin wasa == Ƙungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin '''Europa-Park Stadion''', wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2021. Filin yana da ƙarfin ɗaukar kusan mutane 34,700 kuma yana daga cikin sabbin filayen wasa a Jamus.<ref>Stadium Database</ref> == Koci da salon wasa == Tun shekarar 2011, '''Christian Streich''' ke jagorantar ƙungiyar a matsayin koci. Ya shahara wajen amfani da matasa, koyar da tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin 'yan wasa. Salon wasan ƙungiyar yawanci yana haɗa kai, tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙoƙari mai yawa.<ref>Bundesliga Coaching Profiles</ref> == Makarantar matasa == SC Freiburg ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasa ta hanyar makarantar ta (academy). 'Yan wasa da dama sun fito daga wannan makaranta zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi a Turai. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen rage kashe kuɗi da kuma ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>Football Youth Development Studies</ref> == Magoya baya == Magoya bayan SC Freiburg suna da aminci sosai ga ƙungiyar, kuma suna goyon bayan ƙungiyar ko da a lokacin rashin nasara. Ƙungiyar tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da al’ummarta a yankin Freiburg.<ref>Fan Culture in Germany</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 3fjhs0qutchn1z45piujaj3xl581wyq 828290 828006 2026-05-01T07:14:12Z Mahuta 11340 828290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Logo SC Freiburg 27.06.1952 - 1958.gif|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Sport-Club Freiburg e.V.''', wanda aka fi sani da '''SC Freiburg''', ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Jamus da ke garin Freiburg im Breisgau a jihar Baden-Württemberg. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1904 kuma tana daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka daɗe suna taka rawa a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta Jamus.<ref>Bundesliga Official Website</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa SC Freiburg ne a shekarar 1904 sakamakon haɗuwar ƙungiyoyi biyu na matasa a yankin. A farkon shekarun ta, ƙungiyar ta fi taka rawa a ƙananan lig-lig na yankin kafin daga baya ta fara samun nasarori a matakin ƙasa. Ta samu damar shiga Bundesliga a karon farko a shekarar 1993.<ref>DFB (German Football Association)</ref> == Ci gaba da nasarori == SC Freiburg ba ta daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke lashe manyan kofuna akai-akai, amma ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasa da kuma tsarin gudanarwa mai kyau. A wasu lokuta, ƙungiyar na samun gurbin shiga gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] sakamakon kyakkyawan matsayi a Bundesliga.<ref>UEFA Reports</ref> == Filin wasa == Ƙungiyar tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin '''Europa-Park Stadion''', wanda aka buɗe a shekarar 2021. Filin yana da ƙarfin ɗaukar kusan mutane 34,700 kuma yana daga cikin sabbin filayen wasa a Jamus.<ref>Stadium Database</ref> == Koci da salon wasa == Tun shekarar 2011, '''Christian Streich''' ke jagorantar ƙungiyar a matsayin koci. Ya shahara wajen amfani da matasa, koyar da tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin 'yan wasa. Salon wasan ƙungiyar yawanci yana haɗa kai, tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙoƙari mai yawa.<ref>Bundesliga Coaching Profiles</ref> == Makarantar matasa == SC Freiburg ta shahara wajen haɓaka matasa ta hanyar makarantar ta (academy). 'Yan wasa da dama sun fito daga wannan makaranta zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi a Turai. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen rage kashe kuɗi da kuma ci gaba mai dorewa.<ref>Football Youth Development Studies</ref> == Magoya baya == Magoya bayan SC Freiburg suna da aminci sosai ga ƙungiyar, kuma suna goyon bayan ƙungiyar ko da a lokacin rashin nasara. Ƙungiyar tana da kyakkyawar alaƙa da al’ummarta a yankin Freiburg.<ref>Fan Culture in Germany</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> h64k00eaomqr79sd647xpwv1uflg8r8 0 148769 828007 2026-04-30T15:50:25Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Christian Streich 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan wasan kwallon kafa | suna = Christian Streich | hoto = Christian Streich 2019.jpg | cikakken_suna = Christian Streich | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1965|6|11}} | wurin_haihuwa = Weil am Rhein, Jamus | kasa = Jamus | tsawo = 1.78 m | matsayi = Dan wasa (tsoho), Koci | kungiyar_yanzu = SC Freiburg (koci) }} '''Christian Streich''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Yuni 1965) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na k... 828007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Christian Streich 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan wasan kwallon kafa | suna = Christian Streich | hoto = Christian Streich 2019.jpg | cikakken_suna = Christian Streich | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1965|6|11}} | wurin_haihuwa = Weil am Rhein, Jamus | kasa = Jamus | tsawo = 1.78 m | matsayi = Dan wasa (tsoho), Koci | kungiyar_yanzu = SC Freiburg (koci) }} '''Christian Streich''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Yuni 1965) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Jamus kuma kocin kwallon kafa wanda ya shahara wajen horar da kungiyar '''SC Freiburg''' a gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus. An san shi da kwarewa, tsari mai kyau da kuma yadda yake kula da matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>Bundesliga.com - Christian Streich Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Christian Streich a garin Weil am Rhein da ke Jamus. Tun yana karami ya nuna sha’awar kwallon kafa, inda ya fara taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin kafin ya shiga manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>DFB.de - Player History</ref> == Aikin dan wasa == Streich ya fara taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya da kuma mai kai hari. Ya taka leda a kungiyoyi kamar '''SC Freiburg''' da kuma '''FC Homburg'''. Duk da cewa bai yi fice sosai a matakin kasa da kasa ba, ya samu gogewa mai yawa da ta taimaka masa a aikin koyarwa daga baya. <ref>Transfermarkt - Christian Streich Player Stats</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan ya ajiye kwallon kafa, Streich ya shiga aikin koyarwa a '''SC Freiburg''', inda ya fara da horar da matasa. Daga bisani, a shekarar 2011, aka nada shi a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar farko. Tun daga lokacin ya zama daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga. <ref>SC Freiburg Official Website</ref> Ya yi fice wajen bunkasa matasa 'yan wasa da kuma tabbatar da kungiyar tana taka rawar gani duk da karancin kudi idan aka kwatanta da manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>ESPN - Bundesliga Coaches Analysis</ref> == Salon koyarwa == Christian Streich yana amfani da tsarin wasa mai cike da kuzari, tsari da kuma hadin kai. Yakan mayar da hankali wajen koyar da 'yan wasa da dabi'u masu kyau da kuma aiki tukuru. Haka kuma yana daya daga cikin kococin da ke bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan al’amuran zamantakewa da siyasa a fili. <ref>BBC Sport - Interview with Christian Streich</ref> == Nasarori == * Ya taimaka wajen kai '''SC Freiburg''' zuwa gasar Turai (UEFA Europa League) * Daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga * Ya shahara wajen inganta matasa 'yan wasa <ref>UEFA.com - Freiburg Achievements</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 1bnga3nk6n5z5zhtybileq7bmpj7ags 828008 828007 2026-04-30T15:51:45Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828008 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Christian Streich 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan wasan kwallon kafa | suna = Christian Streich | hoto = Christian Streich 2019.jpg | cikakken_suna = Christian Streich | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1965|6|11}} | wurin_haihuwa = Weil am Rhein, Jamus | kasa = Jamus | tsawo = 1.78 m | matsayi = Dan wasa (tsoho), Koci | kungiyar_yanzu = SC Freiburg (koci) }} '''Christian Streich''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Yuni 1965) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Jamus kuma kocin kwallon kafa wanda ya shahara wajen horar da kungiyar '''SC Freiburg''' a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta Jamus. An san shi da kwarewa, tsari mai kyau da kuma yadda yake kula da matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>Bundesliga.com - Christian Streich Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Christian Streich a garin Weil am Rhein da ke Jamus. Tun yana karami ya nuna sha’awar kwallon kafa, inda ya fara taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin kafin ya shiga manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>DFB.de - Player History</ref> == Aikin dan wasa == Streich ya fara taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya da kuma mai kai hari. Ya taka leda a kungiyoyi kamar '''SC Freiburg''' da kuma '''FC Homburg'''. Duk da cewa bai yi fice sosai a matakin kasa da kasa ba, ya samu gogewa mai yawa da ta taimaka masa a aikin koyarwa daga baya. <ref>Transfermarkt - Christian Streich Player Stats</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan ya ajiye kwallon kafa, Streich ya shiga aikin koyarwa a '''SC Freiburg''', inda ya fara da horar da matasa. Daga bisani, a shekarar 2011, aka nada shi a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar farko. Tun daga lokacin ya zama daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga. <ref>SC Freiburg Official Website</ref> Ya yi fice wajen bunkasa matasa 'yan wasa da kuma tabbatar da kungiyar tana taka rawar gani duk da karancin kudi idan aka kwatanta da manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>ESPN - Bundesliga Coaches Analysis</ref> == Salon koyarwa == Christian Streich yana amfani da tsarin wasa mai cike da kuzari, tsari da kuma hadin kai. Yakan mayar da hankali wajen koyar da 'yan wasa da dabi'u masu kyau da kuma aiki tukuru. Haka kuma yana daya daga cikin kococin da ke bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan al’amuran zamantakewa da [[siyasa]] a fili. <ref>BBC Sport - Interview with Christian Streich</ref> == Nasarori == * Ya taimaka wajen kai '''SC Freiburg''' zuwa gasar Turai (UEFA Europa League) * Daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga * Ya shahara wajen inganta matasa 'yan wasa <ref>UEFA.com - Freiburg Achievements</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> sy3v808mcfhs95dxxhoi42tafjo9qny 828009 828008 2026-04-30T15:52:35Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828009 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Christian Streich 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dan wasan kwallon kafa | suna = Christian Streich | hoto = Christian Streich 2019.jpg | cikakken_suna = Christian Streich | ranar_haihuwa = {{Haihuwa da shekaru|1965|6|11}} | wurin_haihuwa = Weil am Rhein, Jamus | kasa = Jamus | tsawo = 1.78 m | matsayi = Dan wasa (tsoho), Koci | kungiyar_yanzu = SC Freiburg (koci) }} '''Christian Streich''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Yuni 1965) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Jamus kuma kocin kwallon kafa wanda ya shahara wajen horar da kungiyar '''SC Freiburg''' a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta Jamus. An san shi da kwarewa, tsari mai kyau da kuma yadda yake kula da matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>Bundesliga.com - Christian Streich Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Christian Streich a garin Weil am Rhein da ke Jamus. Tun yana karami ya nuna sha’awar kwallon kafa, inda ya fara taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin kafin ya shiga manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>DFB.de - Player History</ref> == Aikin dan wasa == Streich ya fara taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya da kuma mai kai hari. Ya taka leda a kungiyoyi kamar '''SC Freiburg''' da kuma '''FC Homburg'''. Duk da cewa bai yi fice sosai a matakin kasa da kasa ba, ya samu gogewa mai yawa da ta taimaka masa a aikin koyarwa daga baya. <ref>Transfermarkt - Christian Streich Player Stats</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan ya ajiye kwallon kafa, Streich ya shiga aikin koyarwa a '''SC Freiburg''', inda ya fara da horar da matasa. Daga bisani, a shekarar 2011, aka nada shi a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar farko. Tun daga lokacin ya zama daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga. <ref>SC Freiburg Official Website</ref> Ya yi fice wajen bunkasa matasa 'yan wasa da kuma tabbatar da kungiyar tana taka rawar gani duk da karancin kudi idan aka kwatanta da manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>ESPN - Bundesliga Coaches Analysis</ref> == Salon koyarwa == Christian Streich yana amfani da tsarin wasa mai cike da kuzari, tsari da kuma hadin kai. Yakan mayar da hankali wajen koyar da 'yan wasa da dabi'u masu kyau da kuma aiki tukuru. Haka kuma yana daya daga cikin kococin da ke bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan al’amuran zamantakewa da [[siyasa]] a fili. <ref>BBC Sport - Interview with Christian Streich</ref> == Nasarori == * Ya taimaka wajen kai '''SC Freiburg''' zuwa gasar Turai ([[UEFA Europa League]]) * Daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga * Ya shahara wajen inganta matasa 'yan wasa <ref>UEFA.com - Freiburg Achievements</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 089118b4f4fgml0hxjxpr60w0d2n9w2 828289 828009 2026-05-01T07:13:38Z Mahuta 11340 828289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Christian Streich 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Christian Streich''' (an haife shi ranar 11 ga Yuni 1965) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kasar Jamus kuma kocin kwallon kafa wanda ya shahara wajen horar da kungiyar '''SC Freiburg''' a gasar [[Bundesliga]] ta Jamus. An san shi da kwarewa, tsari mai kyau da kuma yadda yake kula da matasa 'yan wasa. <ref>Bundesliga.com - Christian Streich Profile</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Christian Streich a garin Weil am Rhein da ke Jamus. Tun yana karami ya nuna sha’awar kwallon kafa, inda ya fara taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin kafin ya shiga manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>DFB.de - Player History</ref> == Aikin dan wasa == Streich ya fara taka leda a matsayin dan wasan tsakiya da kuma mai kai hari. Ya taka leda a kungiyoyi kamar '''SC Freiburg''' da kuma '''FC Homburg'''. Duk da cewa bai yi fice sosai a matakin kasa da kasa ba, ya samu gogewa mai yawa da ta taimaka masa a aikin koyarwa daga baya. <ref>Transfermarkt - Christian Streich Player Stats</ref> == Aikin koyarwa == Bayan ya ajiye kwallon kafa, Streich ya shiga aikin koyarwa a '''SC Freiburg''', inda ya fara da horar da matasa. Daga bisani, a shekarar 2011, aka nada shi a matsayin babban kocin kungiyar farko. Tun daga lokacin ya zama daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga. <ref>SC Freiburg Official Website</ref> Ya yi fice wajen bunkasa matasa 'yan wasa da kuma tabbatar da kungiyar tana taka rawar gani duk da karancin kudi idan aka kwatanta da manyan kungiyoyi. <ref>ESPN - Bundesliga Coaches Analysis</ref> == Salon koyarwa == Christian Streich yana amfani da tsarin wasa mai cike da kuzari, tsari da kuma hadin kai. Yakan mayar da hankali wajen koyar da 'yan wasa da dabi'u masu kyau da kuma aiki tukuru. Haka kuma yana daya daga cikin kococin da ke bayyana ra’ayoyinsa kan al’amuran zamantakewa da [[siyasa]] a fili. <ref>BBC Sport - Interview with Christian Streich</ref> == Nasarori == * Ya taimaka wajen kai '''SC Freiburg''' zuwa gasar Turai ([[UEFA Europa League]]) * Daya daga cikin kococin da suka fi dadewa a Bundesliga * Ya shahara wajen inganta matasa 'yan wasa <ref>UEFA.com - Freiburg Achievements</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> q51ex7whdql3kak9cxf6ot5d57syvg9 0 148770 828010 2026-04-30T15:57:56Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa kulob | suna = FC 08 Homburg | cikakken_suna = Fußball-Club 08 Homburg-Saar e.V. | lakabi = Die Grün-Weißen | kafa = 1908 | ƙasa = Jamus | birni = Homburg, Saarland | fili = Waldstadion Homburg | iya_ɗaukar_masu_kallo = 16,488 | shugaba = Manfred Rippel | koci = Danny Schwarz | liga = Regionalliga Südwest }} '''FC 08 Homburg''' kulob ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga birnin Homburg a jihar Saarland, ƙasar Jamus. An kafa kulob ɗin a shekarar 1908, kum... 828010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa kulob | suna = FC 08 Homburg | cikakken_suna = Fußball-Club 08 Homburg-Saar e.V. | lakabi = Die Grün-Weißen | kafa = 1908 | ƙasa = Jamus | birni = Homburg, Saarland | fili = Waldstadion Homburg | iya_ɗaukar_masu_kallo = 16,488 | shugaba = Manfred Rippel | koci = Danny Schwarz | liga = Regionalliga Südwest }} '''FC 08 Homburg''' kulob ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga birnin Homburg a jihar Saarland, ƙasar Jamus. An kafa kulob ɗin a shekarar 1908, kuma yana daga cikin tsoffin kulab ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin. Kulob ɗin yana buga wasanninsa a filin Waldstadion Homburg wanda ke ɗaukar dubban masu kallo. <ref>German Football Archives</ref> Kulob ɗin ya samu shahara musamman a shekarun 1980 lokacin da ya taka rawa a babbar gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus. A wannan lokaci ne FC Homburg ya fi samun kulawa daga magoya baya da kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda kyakkyawan wasansa. <ref>DFB Official Records</ref> A tarihin gasar Bundesliga, FC Homburg ya buga a matakin farko sau da dama, musamman tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1988. Duk da cewa bai daɗe a matakin ba, ya nuna ƙoƙari sosai wajen fafatawa da manyan kulab kamar Bayern Munich da Borussia Dortmund. <ref>Bundesliga History Database</ref> Bayan saukowa daga Bundesliga, kulob ɗin ya fuskanci matsaloli na kuɗi da gudanarwa wanda ya sa ya ragu zuwa ƙananan ligogi. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da fafutukar dawowa cikin manyan kulab ɗin Jamus. <ref>UEFA Club Reports</ref> A halin yanzu, FC Homburg yana taka leda a gasar Regionalliga Südwest, wacce ke ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakan ƙananan ligogi a Jamus. Kulob ɗin na ci gaba da haɓaka matasa da kuma ƙoƙarin komawa manyan matakai na ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>Regionalliga Südwest Official Site</ref> Filin wasansu, Waldstadion Homburg, yana daga cikin manyan filayen ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Saarland. Filin yana da tarihin ɗaukar manyan wasanni da kuma karɓar bakuncin dubban magoya baya a duk lokacin wasa. <ref>Stadium Database Europe</ref> == Launuka da Tambari == Launin kulob ɗin shi ne kore da fari, wanda ya sa ake kiran su da "Die Grün-Weißen" (Masu kore da fari). Tambarin kulob ɗin yana ɗauke da sunansa da shekarar kafuwa. <ref>Club Official Website</ref> == Nasarori == * Saarland Cup – Sau da dama * Shiga Bundesliga – 1986–1988 <ref>German Football Honours List</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> kzqnk56cv3piwargivtikpe783epa3x 828011 828010 2026-04-30T15:59:06Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox dan kwallon kafa kulob | suna = FC 08 Homburg | cikakken_suna = Fußball-Club 08 Homburg-Saar e.V. | lakabi = Die Grün-Weißen | kafa = 1908 | ƙasa = Jamus | birni = Homburg, Saarland | fili = Waldstadion Homburg | iya_ɗaukar_masu_kallo = 16,488 | shugaba = Manfred Rippel | koci = Danny Schwarz | liga = Regionalliga Südwest }} '''FC 08 Homburg''' kulob ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga birnin Homburg a jihar Saarland, ƙasar [[Jamus]]. An kafa kulob ɗin a shekarar 1908, kuma yana daga cikin tsoffin kulab ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin. Kulob ɗin yana buga wasanninsa a filin Waldstadion Homburg wanda ke ɗaukar dubban masu kallo. <ref>German Football Archives</ref> Kulob ɗin ya samu shahara musamman a shekarun 1980 lokacin da ya taka rawa a babbar gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus. A wannan lokaci ne FC Homburg ya fi samun kulawa daga magoya baya da kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda kyakkyawan wasansa. <ref>DFB Official Records</ref> A tarihin gasar [[Bundesliga]], FC Homburg ya buga a matakin farko sau da dama, musamman tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1988. Duk da cewa bai daɗe a matakin ba, ya nuna ƙoƙari sosai wajen fafatawa da manyan kulab kamar Bayern Munich da Borussia Dortmund. <ref>Bundesliga History Database</ref> Bayan saukowa daga Bundesliga, kulob ɗin ya fuskanci matsaloli na kuɗi da gudanarwa wanda ya sa ya ragu zuwa ƙananan ligogi. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da fafutukar dawowa cikin manyan kulab ɗin Jamus. <ref>UEFA Club Reports</ref> A halin yanzu, FC Homburg yana taka leda a gasar Regionalliga Südwest, wacce ke ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakan ƙananan ligogi a Jamus. Kulob ɗin na ci gaba da haɓaka matasa da kuma ƙoƙarin komawa manyan matakai na ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>Regionalliga Südwest Official Site</ref> Filin wasansu, Waldstadion Homburg, yana daga cikin manyan filayen ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Saarland. Filin yana da tarihin ɗaukar manyan wasanni da kuma karɓar bakuncin dubban magoya baya a duk lokacin wasa. <ref>Stadium Database Europe</ref> == Launuka da Tambari == Launin kulob ɗin shi ne kore da fari, wanda ya sa ake kiran su da "Die Grün-Weißen" (Masu kore da fari). Tambarin kulob ɗin yana ɗauke da sunansa da shekarar kafuwa. <ref>Club Official Website</ref> == Nasarori == * Saarland Cup – Sau da dama * Shiga Bundesliga – 1986–1988 <ref>German Football Honours List</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> gn981wup5a7derx1pyw13uacmqcuazd 828288 828011 2026-05-01T07:13:00Z Mahuta 11340 828288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''FC 08 Homburg''' kulob ne na ƙwallon ƙafa daga birnin Homburg a jihar Saarland, ƙasar [[Jamus]]. An kafa kulob ɗin a shekarar 1908, kuma yana daga cikin tsoffin kulab ɗin ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin. Kulob ɗin yana buga wasanninsa a filin Waldstadion Homburg wanda ke ɗaukar dubban masu kallo. <ref>German Football Archives</ref> Kulob ɗin ya samu shahara musamman a shekarun 1980 lokacin da ya taka rawa a babbar gasar Bundesliga ta Jamus. A wannan lokaci ne FC Homburg ya fi samun kulawa daga magoya baya da kafafen yaɗa labarai saboda kyakkyawan wasansa. <ref>DFB Official Records</ref> A tarihin gasar [[Bundesliga]], FC Homburg ya buga a matakin farko sau da dama, musamman tsakanin 1986 zuwa 1988. Duk da cewa bai daɗe a matakin ba, ya nuna ƙoƙari sosai wajen fafatawa da manyan kulab kamar Bayern Munich da Borussia Dortmund. <ref>Bundesliga History Database</ref> Bayan saukowa daga Bundesliga, kulob ɗin ya fuskanci matsaloli na kuɗi da gudanarwa wanda ya sa ya ragu zuwa ƙananan ligogi. Duk da haka, ya ci gaba da fafutukar dawowa cikin manyan kulab ɗin Jamus. <ref>UEFA Club Reports</ref> A halin yanzu, FC Homburg yana taka leda a gasar Regionalliga Südwest, wacce ke ɗaya daga cikin manyan matakan ƙananan ligogi a Jamus. Kulob ɗin na ci gaba da haɓaka matasa da kuma ƙoƙarin komawa manyan matakai na ƙwallon ƙafa. <ref>Regionalliga Südwest Official Site</ref> Filin wasansu, Waldstadion Homburg, yana daga cikin manyan filayen ƙwallon ƙafa a yankin Saarland. Filin yana da tarihin ɗaukar manyan wasanni da kuma karɓar bakuncin dubban magoya baya a duk lokacin wasa. <ref>Stadium Database Europe</ref> == Launuka da Tambari == Launin kulob ɗin shi ne kore da fari, wanda ya sa ake kiran su da "Die Grün-Weißen" (Masu kore da fari). Tambarin kulob ɗin yana ɗauke da sunansa da shekarar kafuwa. <ref>Club Official Website</ref> == Nasarori == * Saarland Cup – Sau da dama * Shiga Bundesliga – 1986–1988 <ref>German Football Honours List</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> mqnpyiro3htxmbyuy0m27xm6r7a33f0 0 148771 828015 2026-04-30T16:14:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1333411233|This Rain Will Never Stop]]" 828015 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> 5hc5fgf3blbc1pf5kpmb39p2k11ty9i 828016 828015 2026-04-30T16:14:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828016 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> == Manazarta == ts0am5cqxvbq2tlko7t779bwc6d91jh 828017 828016 2026-04-30T16:14:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828017 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0okzro6syzfjxhh0fj71btsaldaz0di 828018 828017 2026-04-30T16:16:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labari */ 828018 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> === Awards === ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' won the IDFA Award for Best First Appearance<ref name="IDFARadiograph" /><ref name="Abbatescianni2020" /> and received the grand prize at seven other festivals: {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli| it }},<ref name="OdessaFlorence" /><ref name="Scarpa2020" /> [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]], [[GoEast]],<ref name="Detector2021" /> [[Ethnocineca]],<ref name="ethnocineca" /> [[One World Film Festival|One World]],<ref name="ActFF" /> Iceland Documentary Film Festival,<ref name="BalagaIceland" /> and {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr| BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs).<ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> It also won Best Documentary at the Ukrainian Film Critics Awards.<ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" <!--style="font-size:small;"--> ! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards |- ! Year ! Institution (Country) ! Category ! Nominee or recipient ! Result ! {{Abbr | Ref | reference }} |- | 2019 || European Women's Audiovisual Network{{efn|The EWA Female Talent Award was announced at [[DOK Leipzig]] documentary film festival, Germany.<ref name="EWAaward" />}} || Female Talent Award || Alina Gorlova – ''Between Two Wars''<!--the working title of the film--> || {{won}} || <ref name="EWAaward" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 || [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]] (IDFA) (The Netherlands) || Best Feature Film –&nbsp;First Appearance || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="IDFARadiograph" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli | it }} (Italy) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoFlorence" /><ref name="Popoli" /><ref name="OdessaFlorence" /> |- | rowspan="12" | 2021 || [[DocuDays UA]] (Ukraine) || Special Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="MeetDocs" /> |- | [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]] (Spain) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || |- | [[Ethnocineca]] (Austria) || Best International Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ethnocineca" /> |- | [[GoEast]] (Germany) || Golden Lily for Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Detector2021" /> |- | [[One World Film Festival]] (Czech Republic) || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ActFF" /><ref name="FNE" /> |- | Iceland Documentary Film Festival || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BalagaInterview" /><ref name="BalagaIceland" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr | BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs) (Serbia) || Best Film (International) || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> |- | Black Canvas Contemporary Film Festival (Mexico) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BlackCanvas" /> |- | [[El Gouna Film Festival]] (Egypt) || Special Mention || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="ElGouna" /> |- | Ukrainian Film Critics Awards || Best Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> |- | Cork International Film Festival (Ireland) || Cinematic Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="AbbatescianniCork" /> |- | [[Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München|DOK.fest München]] (Germany) || Audience Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{nominated}} || <ref name="GermanDoc" /><ref name="DOKfest" /> |- | 2022 || Millennium Docs Against Gravity (Poland) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Millennium" /> |- |} == Manazarta == 7n9hx10o2iayu8n7sxfa8zu78zu0fpe 828020 828018 2026-04-30T16:16:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Awards */ 828020 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> == Lambobin Yabo == ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' won the IDFA Award for Best First Appearance<ref name="IDFARadiograph" /><ref name="Abbatescianni2020" /> and received the grand prize at seven other festivals: {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli| it }},<ref name="OdessaFlorence" /><ref name="Scarpa2020" /> [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]], [[GoEast]],<ref name="Detector2021" /> [[Ethnocineca]],<ref name="ethnocineca" /> [[One World Film Festival|One World]],<ref name="ActFF" /> Iceland Documentary Film Festival,<ref name="BalagaIceland" /> and {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr| BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs).<ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> It also won Best Documentary at the Ukrainian Film Critics Awards.<ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" <!--style="font-size:small;"--> ! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards |- ! Year ! Institution (Country) ! Category ! Nominee or recipient ! Result ! {{Abbr | Ref | reference }} |- | 2019 || European Women's Audiovisual Network{{efn|The EWA Female Talent Award was announced at [[DOK Leipzig]] documentary film festival, Germany.<ref name="EWAaward" />}} || Female Talent Award || Alina Gorlova – ''Between Two Wars''<!--the working title of the film--> || {{won}} || <ref name="EWAaward" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 || [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]] (IDFA) (The Netherlands) || Best Feature Film –&nbsp;First Appearance || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="IDFARadiograph" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli | it }} (Italy) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoFlorence" /><ref name="Popoli" /><ref name="OdessaFlorence" /> |- | rowspan="12" | 2021 || [[DocuDays UA]] (Ukraine) || Special Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="MeetDocs" /> |- | [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]] (Spain) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || |- | [[Ethnocineca]] (Austria) || Best International Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ethnocineca" /> |- | [[GoEast]] (Germany) || Golden Lily for Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Detector2021" /> |- | [[One World Film Festival]] (Czech Republic) || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ActFF" /><ref name="FNE" /> |- | Iceland Documentary Film Festival || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BalagaInterview" /><ref name="BalagaIceland" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr | BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs) (Serbia) || Best Film (International) || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> |- | Black Canvas Contemporary Film Festival (Mexico) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BlackCanvas" /> |- | [[El Gouna Film Festival]] (Egypt) || Special Mention || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="ElGouna" /> |- | Ukrainian Film Critics Awards || Best Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> |- | Cork International Film Festival (Ireland) || Cinematic Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="AbbatescianniCork" /> |- | [[Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München|DOK.fest München]] (Germany) || Audience Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{nominated}} || <ref name="GermanDoc" /><ref name="DOKfest" /> |- | 2022 || Millennium Docs Against Gravity (Poland) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Millennium" /> |- |} == Manazarta == <references /> kytgenn9f52m796wu2mldj75r0lsg0t 828021 828020 2026-04-30T16:19:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Lambobin Yabo */ 828021 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> == Lambobin Yabo == ''Wannan Ruwan ba za taba tsayawa ba'' ya lashe kyautar ''IDFA Award for Best First Appearance''<ref name="IDFARadiograph" /><ref name="Abbatescianni2020" /> kuma ya lashe manyan kyautuka a wajen wasu bukukuwa bakwai na daban daban irin su: {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli| it }},<ref name="OdessaFlorence" /><ref name="Scarpa2020" /> [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]], [[GoEast]],<ref name="Detector2021" /> [[Ethnocineca]],<ref name="ethnocineca" /> [[One World Film Festival|One World]],<ref name="ActFF" /> Bikin Fina-finan Gaskiya na Iceland,<ref name="BalagaIceland" /> da kuma {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr| BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs).<ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> Har wayau, fim din ya lashe kyautar Labarin Gaskiya na Musamman a wajen bikin ''Ukrainian Film Critics Awards''.<ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" <!--style="font-size:small;"--> ! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards |- ! Year ! Institution (Country) ! Category ! Nominee or recipient ! Result ! {{Abbr | Ref | reference }} |- | 2019 || European Women's Audiovisual Network{{efn|The EWA Female Talent Award was announced at [[DOK Leipzig]] documentary film festival, Germany.<ref name="EWAaward" />}} || Female Talent Award || Alina Gorlova – ''Between Two Wars''<!--the working title of the film--> || {{won}} || <ref name="EWAaward" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 || [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]] (IDFA) (The Netherlands) || Best Feature Film –&nbsp;First Appearance || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="IDFARadiograph" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli | it }} (Italy) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoFlorence" /><ref name="Popoli" /><ref name="OdessaFlorence" /> |- | rowspan="12" | 2021 || [[DocuDays UA]] (Ukraine) || Special Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="MeetDocs" /> |- | [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]] (Spain) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || |- | [[Ethnocineca]] (Austria) || Best International Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ethnocineca" /> |- | [[GoEast]] (Germany) || Golden Lily for Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Detector2021" /> |- | [[One World Film Festival]] (Czech Republic) || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ActFF" /><ref name="FNE" /> |- | Iceland Documentary Film Festival || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BalagaInterview" /><ref name="BalagaIceland" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr | BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs) (Serbia) || Best Film (International) || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> |- | Black Canvas Contemporary Film Festival (Mexico) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BlackCanvas" /> |- | [[El Gouna Film Festival]] (Egypt) || Special Mention || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="ElGouna" /> |- | Ukrainian Film Critics Awards || Best Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> |- | Cork International Film Festival (Ireland) || Cinematic Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="AbbatescianniCork" /> |- | [[Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München|DOK.fest München]] (Germany) || Audience Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{nominated}} || <ref name="GermanDoc" /><ref name="DOKfest" /> |- | 2022 || Millennium Docs Against Gravity (Poland) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Millennium" /> |- |} == Manazarta == <references /> 5x756fwc87hztgx7x1rtlv640nyklxm 828116 828021 2026-04-30T18:46:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Wannan Ruwan Ba zai taba tsayawa ba]] to [[Wannan Ruwan Ba zai taba tsayawa ba (fim)]] 828021 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Wannan ruwan sama ba zai taba tsayawa ba''' (Yukren) fim ne na darektan Yukren Alina Gorlova tare da mai daukan hoto Vyacheslav Tsvetkov. Ya kasance shirin Yukren-[[Laitfiya|Latvian]]-[[Jamus|Jamusanci]]-[[Qatar|Qatari]], wanda {{Interlanguage link|Maksym Nakonechnyi|uk|Наконечний Максим Васильович}} [uk] ya samar tare da kamfanin Tabor Production. Fim din ya bada labarin ma'aikacin [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]] na Kurdish-Yukren wanda ke ba da agaji a wajen Yakin Rasha-Yukren kuma ya yi ƙoƙari ya sake haɗuwa da iyalinsa waɗanda watse a dalilin Yaƙin basasar Siriya. Fim din ya yi fice da labarinsa mai ƙarfi, fim din baki da fari mai arziki, da kuma salon gidan zane-zane. An san shi a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2020 Amsterdam inda ya lashe lambar yabo ta IDFA don Fim na bayyanar farko mafi muhimmanci kuma ya lashe babban kyautar a wasu bukukuwan fina-finai na kasashe da yawa. An shirya fitar da shi a kasuwanni a cikin bazarar 2022. Fim din ya kasu kashi 11 waɗanda aka lura da lambobi 0 zuwa 9 kuma ya koma 0 a cikin [[Larabci]]. An yi amfani da wannan hanyar don nuna sake zagayowar "yaƙi, zaman lafiya, rusawa, sake ginawa, rayuwa da mutuwa".<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop - Documentary Selection 2021 |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=3 March 2022 |website=European Film Awards}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya gabatar da Yankin Donbas na kudu maso gabashin [[Ukraniya|Yukren]] ta hanyar harbe-harbe na sama da kuma sauyawa na ayyukan soja da farar hula. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin taron jama'a, a hankali yana mai da hankali kan Andriy Suleyman mai shekaru 20 dan Kurdawa-Yukren, ma'aikaci dalibi na [[Kungiyar agaji ta Red Cross da Red Crescent ta kasa da kasa|Red Cross]].<ref name="EuropeanFilmAwards">{{Cite web |title=THIS RAIN WILL NEVER STOP - Film |url=https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120195538/https://europeanfilmawards.eu/en_EN/film/this-rain-will-never-stop.19551 |archive-date=20 January 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=[[European Film Awards]]}}</ref> A wani bikin girmamawa aikin kungiyar a Yukren, Suleyman ya ba da labarinsa game da yadda ya zo aiki ga kungiyar.<ref name="Pillet2021">{{Cite web |last=Pillet |first=Firouz E. |date=6 March 2021 |title=FIFDH 2021 : le film d'Alina Gorlova, This Rain Will Never Stop, invite les spectateurs à un éprouvant périple entre guerre et paix |trans-title=FIFDH 2021: Alina Gorlova's film ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' invites viewers on a grueling journey between war and peace |url=https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416192930/https://j-mag.ch/fifdh-2021-le-film-dalina-gorlova-this-rain-will-never-stop-invite-les-spectateurs-a-un-eprouvant-periple-entre-guerre-et-paix/ |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kammala makarantar firamare, iyalinsa sun tsere daga gidansu a [[Siriya]] a lokacin Yaƙin basasar Siriya don sake zama a Lisichansk, Yankin Luhansk, Yukren, garin mahaifiyarsa.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}</ref> Bayan barkewar Yakin Rasha-Yukren, Suleyman ya sake samun kansa a cikin yankin yaƙi kuma ya binne burinsa don taimakawa wajen agaji da taimakon jin kai.<ref name="Abbatescianni2020">{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=20 November 2020 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130134900/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/395255/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Fim din ya ba da labarin dangin Suleyman da aikin jin kai a ƙasa a bangare daban daban. Yayinda yake a [[Jamus]] don bikin auren ɗan'uwansa, iyayensa sun bukace shi ya yi amfani da damar don yin ƙaura don natsuwa a Yammacin Turai, amma halinsa ya tilasta masa ya ci gaba da aikin jin kai ga waɗanda suka fi bukata.<ref name="Stojiljkovic">{{Cite web |last=Stojiljković |first=Marko |date=7 June 2021 |title=Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020) |url=https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Ubiquarian}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFStojiljković2021">Stojiljković, Marko (7 June 2021). [https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ "Review: This Rain Will Never Stop (2020)"]. ''Ubiquarian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011326/https://ubiquarian.net/2021/06/review-this-rain-will-never-stop-2020/ Archived] from the original on 28 February 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="FIFDH">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – FIFDH |url=https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614053029/https://fifdh.org/en/2021/film/133-this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=14 June 2021 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival and Forum on Human Rights}}</ref> Suleyman ya gana da dangin kawunsa Koshnhav wanda ke kula da mutanen da suka ji rauni a Kurdistan Iraqi, kuma Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya haye iyakar zuwa [[Siriya]] amma yaƙin ya hana shi.<ref name="Innisbruck">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop (Stream) IFFI |url=https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011325/https://iffi.at/en/movies/this-rain-will-never-stop/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=International Film Festival Innisbruck}}</ref> Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa Lazgin ba zato ba tsammani, Suleyman yayi ƙoƙari ya girmama burin mahaifinsa ta hanyar daukar gawarsa zuwa Siriya don binne shi amma kuma ya fuskanci kalubale da yawa.<ref name="VerzioFF">{{Cite web |title=This Rain Will Never Stop – VERZIO |url=https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011328/https://www.verzio.org/en/2021/films/this-rain-will-never-stop |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=21 February 2022 |website=Verzió International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival}}</ref><ref name="GoEast">{{Cite web |title=2021 This Rain Will Never Stop |url=https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417180545/https://www.filmfestival-goeast.de/en/film/8016/THIS%20RAIN%20WILL%20NEVER%20STOP |archive-date=2021-04-17 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=[[GoEast]]}}</ref> Idan ya haye zuwa Siriya, akwai yiwuwar za a kama shi kuma a tilasta masa ya yi yaƙi.<ref name="Cunningham2020">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Nick |date=3 December 2020 |title=One film. Another reality |url=https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228011327/https://businessdoceurope.com/one-film-another-reality/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=Business Doc Europe}}</ref> == Lambobin Yabo == ''Wannan Ruwan ba za taba tsayawa ba'' ya lashe kyautar ''IDFA Award for Best First Appearance''<ref name="IDFARadiograph" /><ref name="Abbatescianni2020" /> kuma ya lashe manyan kyautuka a wajen wasu bukukuwa bakwai na daban daban irin su: {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli| it }},<ref name="OdessaFlorence" /><ref name="Scarpa2020" /> [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]], [[GoEast]],<ref name="Detector2021" /> [[Ethnocineca]],<ref name="ethnocineca" /> [[One World Film Festival|One World]],<ref name="ActFF" /> Bikin Fina-finan Gaskiya na Iceland,<ref name="BalagaIceland" /> da kuma {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr| BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs).<ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> Har wayau, fim din ya lashe kyautar Labarin Gaskiya na Musamman a wajen bikin ''Ukrainian Film Critics Awards''.<ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" <!--style="font-size:small;"--> ! colspan="6" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | List of awards |- ! Year ! Institution (Country) ! Category ! Nominee or recipient ! Result ! {{Abbr | Ref | reference }} |- | 2019 || European Women's Audiovisual Network{{efn|The EWA Female Talent Award was announced at [[DOK Leipzig]] documentary film festival, Germany.<ref name="EWAaward" />}} || Female Talent Award || Alina Gorlova – ''Between Two Wars''<!--the working title of the film--> || {{won}} || <ref name="EWAaward" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 || [[International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]] (IDFA) (The Netherlands) || Best Feature Film –&nbsp;First Appearance || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="IDFARadiograph" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Festival dei popoli | it }} (Italy) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoFlorence" /><ref name="Popoli" /><ref name="OdessaFlorence" /> |- | rowspan="12" | 2021 || [[DocuDays UA]] (Ukraine) || Special Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="MeetDocs" /> |- | [[Las Palmas de Gran Canaria International Film Festival|Las Palmas IFF]] (Spain) || Best Feature Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || |- | [[Ethnocineca]] (Austria) || Best International Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ethnocineca" /> |- | [[GoEast]] (Germany) || Golden Lily for Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Detector2021" /> |- | [[One World Film Festival]] (Czech Republic) || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="ActFF" /><ref name="FNE" /> |- | Iceland Documentary Film Festival || Best Film || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BalagaInterview" /><ref name="BalagaIceland" /> |- | {{interlanguage link | Belgrade International Documentary Film Festival | sr | BELDOCS Međunarodni festival dokumentarnog filma }} (Beldocs) (Serbia) || Best Film (International) || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="PetkovicBelgrade" /> |- | Black Canvas Contemporary Film Festival (Mexico) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="BlackCanvas" /> |- | [[El Gouna Film Festival]] (Egypt) || Special Mention || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{longlisted | Selected}} || <ref name="ElGouna" /> |- | Ukrainian Film Critics Awards || Best Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="KoniienkoUFCA" /> |- | Cork International Film Festival (Ireland) || Cinematic Documentary || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="AbbatescianniCork" /> |- | [[Internationales Dokumentarfilmfestival München|DOK.fest München]] (Germany) || Audience Award || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{nominated}} || <ref name="GermanDoc" /><ref name="DOKfest" /> |- | 2022 || Millennium Docs Against Gravity (Poland) || Best Cinematography || ''This Rain Will Never Stop'' || {{won}} || <ref name="Millennium" /> |- |} == Manazarta == <references /> 5x756fwc87hztgx7x1rtlv640nyklxm 0 148772 828024 2026-04-30T16:30:59Z Saad Nuhu 43323 Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:University of Jos (71599).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (40490).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (70083).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (17873).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (29296).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Faculty of Management Science.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox University Bibliography | suna = Jami'ar Jos | suna_na_asali = University of Jos | hoto = University of Jos gate.jpg | kafa = 1975 | nau'i = Jami'ar gwamnati | shugaban_jami'a = Tanko Ishaya |... 828024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:University of Jos (71599).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (40490).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (70083).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (17873).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (29296).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Faculty of Management Science.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox University Bibliography | suna = Jami'ar Jos | suna_na_asali = University of Jos | hoto = University of Jos gate.jpg | kafa = 1975 | nau'i = Jami'ar gwamnati | shugaban_jami'a = Tanko Ishaya | wuri = Jos, Filato, Najeriya | kasa = Najeriya | yawan_dalibai = sama da 40,000 | shafin_yanar_gizo = https://www.unijos.edu.ng }} '''Jami'ar Jos''' (a Turanci: '''University of Jos''') jami'a ce ta gwamnati da ke a birnin Jos, jihar Filato a Najeriya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1975 a matsayin reshen Jami'ar Ibadan, kafin daga bisani ta zama cikakkiyar jami'a mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1976.<ref>University of Jos Official History</ref> Jami'ar Jos tana daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a Najeriya da ke bayar da ilimi a fannoni daban-daban kamar kimiyya, fasaha, likitanci, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma ilimin koyarwa. Ta samu karbuwa sosai saboda ingancin koyarwa da bincike da take yi a matakin kasa da kasa.<ref>Nigerian Universities Commission Report</ref> Jami'ar tana da manyan kwalejoji (faculties) da dama, ciki har da Faculty of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, da Faculty of Education. Wadannan sassa suna taimakawa wajen samar da kwararru a fannoni daban-daban da ke taimakawa ci gaban kasa.<ref>UNIJOS Academic Structure</ref> Har ila yau, jami'ar tana da cibiyoyin bincike da dama da ke mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin al'umma, musamman a arewacin Najeriya. Binciken da ake gudanarwa a jami'ar ya hada da fannoni kamar lafiya, noma, muhalli da kuma zaman lafiya.<ref>Research in Nigerian Universities</ref> Jami'ar Jos ta fuskanci kalubale a lokuta daban-daban, musamman rikice-rikicen zamantakewa a jihar Filato, amma duk da haka ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na ilimi da bincike ba tare da tangarda ba.<ref>Plateau State Crisis and Education</ref> A yau, Jami'ar Jos na daya daga cikin jami'o'in da ke da tasiri a Najeriya, tana horar da dubban dalibai a kowace shekara tare da samar da gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimi da tattalin arziki.<ref>Nigeria Education Overview</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> 6bc11wsyngixtltaumgo8vdzk9irmx7 828025 828024 2026-04-30T16:32:52Z Saad Nuhu 43323 828025 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:University of Jos (71599).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (40490).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (70083).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (17873).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (29296).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Faculty of Management Science.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox Jami'a | suna = Jami'ar Jos | suna_na_asali = University of Jos | hoto = University of Jos gate.jpg | kafa = 1975 | nau'i = Jami'ar gwamnati | shugaban_jami'a = Tanko Ishaya | wuri = Jos, Filato, Najeriya | kasa = Najeriya | yawan_dalibai = sama da 40,000 | shafin_yanar_gizo = https://www.unijos.edu.ng }} '''Jami'ar Jos''' (a Turanci: '''University of Jos''') jami'a ce ta gwamnati da ke a birnin Jos, jihar Filato a Najeriya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1975 a matsayin reshen Jami'ar Ibadan, kafin daga bisani ta zama cikakkiyar jami'a mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1976.<ref>University of Jos Official History</ref> Jami'ar Jos tana daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a Najeriya da ke bayar da ilimi a fannoni daban-daban kamar kimiyya, fasaha, likitanci, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma ilimin koyarwa. Ta samu karbuwa sosai saboda ingancin koyarwa da bincike da take yi a matakin kasa da kasa.<ref>Nigerian Universities Commission Report</ref> Jami'ar tana da manyan kwalejoji (faculties) da dama, ciki har da Faculty of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, da Faculty of Education. Wadannan sassa suna taimakawa wajen samar da kwararru a fannoni daban-daban da ke taimakawa ci gaban kasa.<ref>UNIJOS Academic Structure</ref> Har ila yau, jami'ar tana da cibiyoyin bincike da dama da ke mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin al'umma, musamman a arewacin Najeriya. Binciken da ake gudanarwa a jami'ar ya hada da fannoni kamar lafiya, noma, muhalli da kuma zaman lafiya.<ref>Research in Nigerian Universities</ref> Jami'ar Jos ta fuskanci kalubale a lokuta daban-daban, musamman rikice-rikicen zamantakewa a jihar Filato, amma duk da haka ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na ilimi da bincike ba tare da tangarda ba.<ref>Plateau State Crisis and Education</ref> A yau, Jami'ar Jos na daya daga cikin jami'o'in da ke da tasiri a Najeriya, tana horar da dubban dalibai a kowace shekara tare da samar da gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimi da tattalin arziki.<ref>Nigeria Education Overview</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> q16zy4fx5v22f706b220bznbtqy6edc 828309 828025 2026-05-01T08:54:09Z Mahuta 11340 828309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:University of Jos (71599).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (40490).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (70083).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (17873).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:University of Jos (29296).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Faculty of Management Science.jpg|thumb]] {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Jos''' (a Turanci: '''University of Jos''') jami'a ce ta gwamnati da ke a birnin Jos, jihar Filato a Najeriya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1975 a matsayin reshen Jami'ar Ibadan, kafin daga bisani ta zama cikakkiyar jami'a mai zaman kanta a shekarar 1976.<ref>University of Jos Official History</ref> Jami'ar Jos tana daga cikin manyan jami'o'i a Najeriya da ke bayar da ilimi a fannoni daban-daban kamar kimiyya, fasaha, likitanci, ilimin zamantakewa da kuma ilimin koyarwa. Ta samu karbuwa sosai saboda ingancin koyarwa da bincike da take yi a matakin kasa da kasa.<ref>Nigerian Universities Commission Report</ref> Jami'ar tana da manyan kwalejoji (faculties) da dama, ciki har da Faculty of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, da Faculty of Education. Wadannan sassa suna taimakawa wajen samar da kwararru a fannoni daban-daban da ke taimakawa ci gaban kasa.<ref>UNIJOS Academic Structure</ref> Har ila yau, jami'ar tana da cibiyoyin bincike da dama da ke mayar da hankali kan magance matsalolin al'umma, musamman a arewacin Najeriya. Binciken da ake gudanarwa a jami'ar ya hada da fannoni kamar lafiya, noma, muhalli da kuma zaman lafiya.<ref>Research in Nigerian Universities</ref> Jami'ar Jos ta fuskanci kalubale a lokuta daban-daban, musamman rikice-rikicen zamantakewa a jihar Filato, amma duk da haka ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukanta na ilimi da bincike ba tare da tangarda ba.<ref>Plateau State Crisis and Education</ref> A yau, Jami'ar Jos na daya daga cikin jami'o'in da ke da tasiri a Najeriya, tana horar da dubban dalibai a kowace shekara tare da samar da gudummawa ga ci gaban ilimi da tattalin arziki.<ref>Nigeria Education Overview</ref> == Manazarta == <references/> i56607iffhmynj4lpt4tx1tddjrja6c 0 148773 828026 2026-04-30T16:38:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351698604|The Eggsplosive Easter]]" 828026 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''The Eggsplosive Easter''' (Yukren) fim ne na barkwanci na iyali na Yukren na 2024. Taras Dudar ne ya ba da umarnin, taurarin fim din sun hada da Stanislav Boklan, Olesia Zhurakivska, Daria Leheida da Volodymyr Hladki, da sauransu. Fim din ya fito a gidajen kallo na Yukren a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Крашанка |url=https://planetakino.ua/movie/krasanka-uk/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Планета Кіно |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Крашанка – рецензія |url=https://kinowar.com/vidhuky-pro-filmy/krashanka/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Kinowar |language=uk}}</ref> An kuma nuna fim din a bikin fim din Intro a [[Lviv]], wani bikin da aka keɓe ga fina-finai game da kiɗa da al'adu, a farkon Afrilu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=У Львові пройде кінофестиваль про музику та культуру Intro |url=https://zaxid.net/u_lvovi_proyde_kinofestival_pro_muziku_ta_kulturu_intro_n1582897 |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=ZAXID.NET |language=uk}}</ref> Fim din yana daya daga cikin fina-finai kalilan da aka shirya gaba ɗaya bayan mamaye Yukren da Rasha ta yi a shekara ta 2022 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Крашанка»: топова українська комедія до Великодня |url=https://nfront.org.ua/krashanka-topova-ukrainska-komediia-do-velykodnia/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Nfront |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=14 найочікуваніших українських фільмів, які виходять у прокат навесні |url=https://u-misti.dp.ua/14-najochikuvanishyh-ukrayinskyh-filmiv-yaki-vyhodyat-u-prokat-vesnoyu/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=U-misti |language=uk}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya jibinci iyalin Zabiyaka, daya daga cikin iyalai da yawa da yaki ya shafa. Ivan Zabiyaka ya kasance ma'aikacin titin jirgin kasa na musamman na kasar Yukren, yana rayuwa bayan ajiye aikinsa a kauyenshi da ke yankin [[Kharkiv]]. 'ya'yansa maza guda biyu da mace daya su taru a gidan iyayensu a yayin hutun Easter. Amma tun daga farkon yakin, halayensa sun bambanta, dangane da makwabtansa, yana kashe lokacinsa mafi yawa a shagon sa. Daga baya an bayyana cewa Ivan yana aiki don kirkirar roka don kai hari ga babban birnin makiyan wato Moscow<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feature films |url=https://www.vernigor.net/movies |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Vernyhor Valentyn |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dauka == An dauki fim din a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi. Musamman, ya zama dole masu kirkirar su kammala fim din a cikin kwanaki 10, yayin da fim din ke buƙatar bishiyoyi masu kore a fili saboda a lokacin bazara ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Родина – цінніше за все: завершилися зйомки сімейної комедії під робочою назвою «Крашанка» від Mamas Film Production у співпраці з FILM.UA Group |url=https://film.ua/uk/news/2700 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=FILM.UA Group |language=uk}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * Stanislav Boklan - Ivan Zabiyaka * Olesia Zhurakivska - Yarinya Babba * Daria Leheida - Yarinya mafi ƙanƙanta * Volodymyr Hladkyi - Ɗa * Mikhailo Pulianskyi - Jikan * Artur Lohai * Kira Meshcherska * Liudmyla Zahorska * Ihor Portianko * Yevhen Sinchukov * Galina Korneeva * Mykhailo Kryshtal * Sergey Zhuravlev * Natalia Kobizka * Nikita Balev == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai game da yakin Rasha da Ukraine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|31862921}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eggsplosive Easter, The}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2024]] 62tahnm4la8ayik4nb2sfnpi7fyqer6 828027 828026 2026-04-30T16:39:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''The Eggsplosive Easter''' (Yukren) fim ne na barkwanci na iyali na Yukren na 2024. Taras Dudar ne ya ba da umarnin, taurarin fim din sun hada da Stanislav Boklan, Olesia Zhurakivska, Daria Leheida da Volodymyr Hladki, da sauransu. Fim din ya fito a gidajen kallo na Yukren a ranar 25 ga Afrilu, 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Крашанка |url=https://planetakino.ua/movie/krasanka-uk/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Планета Кіно |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Крашанка – рецензія |url=https://kinowar.com/vidhuky-pro-filmy/krashanka/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Kinowar |language=uk}}</ref> An kuma nuna fim din a bikin fim din Intro a [[Lviv]], wani bikin da aka keɓe ga fina-finai game da kiɗa da al'adu, a farkon Afrilu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=У Львові пройде кінофестиваль про музику та культуру Intro |url=https://zaxid.net/u_lvovi_proyde_kinofestival_pro_muziku_ta_kulturu_intro_n1582897 |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=ZAXID.NET |language=uk}}</ref> Fim din yana daya daga cikin fina-finai kalilan da aka shirya gaba ɗaya bayan mamaye Yukren da Rasha ta yi a shekara ta 2022 .<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Крашанка»: топова українська комедія до Великодня |url=https://nfront.org.ua/krashanka-topova-ukrainska-komediia-do-velykodnia/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=Nfront |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=14 найочікуваніших українських фільмів, які виходять у прокат навесні |url=https://u-misti.dp.ua/14-najochikuvanishyh-ukrayinskyh-filmiv-yaki-vyhodyat-u-prokat-vesnoyu/ |access-date=29 April 2026 |website=U-misti |language=uk}}</ref> == Labari == Fim din ya jibinci iyalin Zabiyaka, daya daga cikin iyalai da yawa da yaki ya shafa. Ivan Zabiyaka ya kasance ma'aikacin titin jirgin kasa na musamman na kasar Yukren, yana rayuwa bayan ajiye aikinsa a kauyenshi da ke yankin [[Kharkiv]]. 'ya'yansa maza guda biyu da mace daya su taru a gidan iyayensu a yayin hutun Easter. Amma tun daga farkon yakin, halayensa sun bambanta, dangane da makwabtansa, yana kashe lokacinsa mafi yawa a shagon sa. Daga baya an bayyana cewa Ivan yana aiki don kirkirar roka don kai hari ga babban birnin makiyan wato Moscow<ref>{{Cite web |title=Feature films |url=https://www.vernigor.net/movies |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Vernyhor Valentyn |language=en-US}}</ref> == Dauka == An dauki fim din a [[Kiev|Kyiv]] da yankunan da ke kewaye da shi. Musamman, ya zama dole masu kirkirar su kammala fim din a cikin kwanaki 10, yayin da fim din ke buƙatar bishiyoyi masu kore a fili saboda a lokacin bazara ne.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Родина – цінніше за все: завершилися зйомки сімейної комедії під робочою назвою «Крашанка» від Mamas Film Production у співпраці з FILM.UA Group |url=https://film.ua/uk/news/2700 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=FILM.UA Group |language=uk}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * Stanislav Boklan - Ivan Zabiyaka * Olesia Zhurakivska - Yarinya Babba * Daria Leheida - Yarinya mafi ƙanƙanta * Volodymyr Hladkyi - Ɗa * Mikhailo Pulianskyi - Jikan * Artur Lohai * Kira Meshcherska * Liudmyla Zahorska * Ihor Portianko * Yevhen Sinchukov * Galina Korneeva * Mykhailo Kryshtal * Sergey Zhuravlev * Natalia Kobizka * Nikita Balev == Dubi kuma == * Jerin fina-finai game da yakin Rasha da Ukraine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|31862921}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eggsplosive Easter, The}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2024]] caw62yfuo4p3u04jw7f09tyg4jlpfmn 0 148774 828029 2026-04-30T16:59:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351862658|Bucha (movie)]]" 828029 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Bucha|image=|caption=Theatrical release poster|director=Stanislav Tiunov|producer=Aleksandr Shchur|writer=Oleksandr Shchur|starring=[[Sergey Strelnikov]]<br>[[Vyacheslav Dovzhenko]]<br>Cezary Łukaszewicz<br>Anastasia Nesterenko|cinematography=Yevhenii Kirei|music=Isa Melikov|studio=LEVEL|distributor=B&H Film Distribution Company|released={{Film date|2024|09}}|runtime=118 minutes|country=Ukraine|language=Ukrainian}}'''''Bucha''''' wani fim ne na Yukren wanda {{Interlanguage link|Stanislav Tiunov|uk|Станіслав Тіунов}} ya jagoranta game da wani mai sa kai wanda ya gusar da mutane daga Bucha a lokacin kisan kiyashi na mazauna yankin da sojojin Rasha suka shirya, kisan kiyashin Bucha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soldak |first=Katya |title=Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya samo asali ne daga ainihin tarihin mai sa kai [[Gudaúskas, Konstantin Kyastutisovich|Konstantin Gudaúskas]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Волонтер Костянтин Гудаускас: про врятованих людей і фільм-драму "Буча" |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/281682-bucha-v-ukraini-znimut-film-pro-zahi-okupacii-na-kiivsini/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Inocencio |first=Ramy |last2=Breen |first2=Kerry |last3=Smith |first3=Barny |date=2023-07-29 |title=New film honors "angel" who saved over 200 lives during Russian occupation of Bucha - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-film-honors-angel-who-saved-over-200-lives-during-russian-occupation-of-bucha/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230946/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-film-honors-angel-who-saved-over-200-lives-during-russian-occupation-of-bucha/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya fitar da fim din ne a watan Satumbar 2024.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}</ref> A lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye unguwar Kyiv an kashe fararen hula 1,374. Bayan samun 'yanci, an sami kaburbura da yawa tare shaidar ta'addanci da sojojin Rasha suka aikata a Bucha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soldak |first=Katya |title=Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSoldak">Soldak, Katya. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ "Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine"]. ''Forbes''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ Archived] from the original on 2024-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Labari == Fim din ya samo asali ne daga labarin gaskiya na Konstantin Gudaúskas, ma'aikacin sa kai wanda ya gusar da mutane da yawa daga Bucha, Vorzel da sauran wuraren da Rasha ta mamaye. Konstantin ɗan Lithuania ne wanda aka haifa a Kazakhstan, kuma ya kasance "mai raha", kamar yadda mutanen Rasha suka sanar, fasfo na Kazakh ya taimaka masa ya wuce ta wuraren tsaro na Rasha.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Yan wasa == * {{Interlanguage link|Cezary Łukaszewicz|pl|Cezary Łukaszewicz}} a matsayin [[Gudaúskas, Konstantin Kyastutisovich|Konstantin Gudaúskas]] <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> * [[Dovzhenko, Vyacheslav Valeryevich|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko]] a matsayin kwamandan FSB <ref name="bbc" /> * [[Strelnikov, Sergey Aleksandrovich|Sergey Strelnikov]] a matsayin Aleksandr * Artemii Egorov a matsayin Stanislav * [[Kryzhanovsky, Aleksandr Vladimirovich|Aleksandr Kryzhanovsky]] a matsayin Yevgeny Nikolaevich * Anastasia Nesterenko a matsayin Ira * Nikon Fedotov a matsayin Dima == Fitarwa == Lokacin da ake haɓaka labari, masu shirya fina-finai sun dogara da asusun Gudaúskas da shawarwari tare da Babban Daraktan Fasaha na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Yukren. A cewar BBC, yawancin labarun da aka gabatar a cikin fim din "a wata hanya ko makamancin hakan sun dace da abin da ya faru a yankin Kyiv da aka mamaye". Don yin bayyana tattaunawar tsakanin sojojin Rasha, an yi amfani da rikodin da aka dauka na sadarwa da aka kama. An yi amfani da APCs da motocin da sojojin Yukren suka kama a matsayin motocin soja na Rasha a cikin fim din.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> Baya ga fim din, ma'aikatan sunyi aiki a kan fim din tare da shaidar shaidu da aka rubuta yayin yin fim din.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> An tallafawa fim din tare da kudade daga mutane masu zaman kansu, musamman daga mai saka hannun jari na Amurka Semyon Dukach.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Farko fitarwa === A cikin shekara ta 2023 an gabatar da fim din a wani taro na musamman na bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin, a nunawa daban-daban a New York da Boston, a bikin fina-finai na Venice da kuma bikin fina-finai na kasa da Kasa a Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-01-30 |title=Про фільм |url=https://bucha.film/uk#about |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BuchaFilm |publisher=}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, don bikin cika shekaru na biyu da fara mamayewar Rasha a Yukren, an shirya nuna kayayyaki da aka kama a [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A watan Fabrairun 2024, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin fina-finai na Ukraine Cinema for Victory, an fara nunawa na farko ga jama'a. == Biki == Tun kafin ma a saki fim din an soki shi saboda fitowa "da wuri", yayin da raunin wadanda abin ya shafa har yanzu yana sabo, kuma saboda kasancewa fim ne na tatsuniya a maimakon na gaskiya. Ɗaya daga cikin hotunan harshen Ingilishi ne ya haifar da ƙarin suka, wanda aka rubuta "Bucha" kuma ya nuna wani ginin da aka rushe a Borodianka, wanda wasu suka ɗauka a matsayin rashin daidaito (ko da yake wani ɓangare na abubuwan da suka faru a fim din sun faru ne a Borodianca <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref>).<ref>{{Cite web |title="In Los Angeles they did not allow 'Bucha' to be shown": producer Oleksandr Shchur on the hate towards the film in Ukraine, the reaction of American politicians, and the likelihood of the disappearance of Ukrainian cinema |url=https://news.telegraf.com.ua/ukr/intervju/2024-02-08/5832840-v-los-andzhelese-ne-dali-pokazat-buchu-prodyuser-aleksandr-shchur-o-kheyte-kartiny-v-ukraine-reaktsii-amerikanskikh-politikov-i-veroyatnosti-ischeznoveniya-ukrainskogo-kino?_gl=1*fuz6tb*_ga*MTczNTI5ODU0NS4xNzAzNDg3ODU2*_ga_4R3J02BFG3*MTcwNzQwNDAxNy4xODIuMS4xNzA3NDA0MDY2LjExLjAuMA.. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426083508/https://news.telegraf.com.ua/ukr/intervju/2024-02-08/5832840-v-los-andzhelese-ne-dali-pokazat-buchu-prodyuser-aleksandr-shchur-o-kheyte-kartiny-v-ukraine-reaktsii-amerikanskikh-politikov-i-veroyatnosti-ischeznoveniya-ukrainskogo-kino?_gl=1*fuz6tb*_ga*MTczNTI5ODU0NS4xNzAzNDg3ODU2*_ga_4R3J02BFG3*MTcwNzQwNDAxNy4xODIuMS4xNzA3NDA0MDY2LjExLjAuMA.. |archive-date=2024-04-26 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://bucha.film}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6cjoyn7x1do82ditoc85cbo5fdzgqtr 828030 828029 2026-04-30T17:00:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Bucha''''' wani fim ne na Yukren wanda {{Interlanguage link|Stanislav Tiunov|uk|Станіслав Тіунов}} ya jagoranta game da wani mai sa kai wanda ya gusar da mutane daga Bucha a lokacin kisan kiyashi na mazauna yankin da sojojin Rasha suka shirya, kisan kiyashin Bucha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soldak |first=Katya |title=Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya samo asali ne daga ainihin tarihin mai sa kai [[Gudaúskas, Konstantin Kyastutisovich|Konstantin Gudaúskas]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Волонтер Костянтин Гудаускас: про врятованих людей і фільм-драму "Буча" |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/281682-bucha-v-ukraini-znimut-film-pro-zahi-okupacii-na-kiivsini/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Inocencio |first=Ramy |last2=Breen |first2=Kerry |last3=Smith |first3=Barny |date=2023-07-29 |title=New film honors "angel" who saved over 200 lives during Russian occupation of Bucha - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-film-honors-angel-who-saved-over-200-lives-during-russian-occupation-of-bucha/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230946/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-film-honors-angel-who-saved-over-200-lives-during-russian-occupation-of-bucha/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya fitar da fim din ne a watan Satumbar 2024.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}</ref> A lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye unguwar Kyiv an kashe fararen hula 1,374. Bayan samun 'yanci, an sami kaburbura da yawa tare shaidar ta'addanci da sojojin Rasha suka aikata a Bucha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soldak |first=Katya |title=Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSoldak">Soldak, Katya. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ "Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine"]. ''Forbes''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ Archived] from the original on 2024-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Labari == Fim din ya samo asali ne daga labarin gaskiya na Konstantin Gudaúskas, ma'aikacin sa kai wanda ya gusar da mutane da yawa daga Bucha, Vorzel da sauran wuraren da Rasha ta mamaye. Konstantin ɗan Lithuania ne wanda aka haifa a Kazakhstan, kuma ya kasance "mai raha", kamar yadda mutanen Rasha suka sanar, fasfo na Kazakh ya taimaka masa ya wuce ta wuraren tsaro na Rasha.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Yan wasa == * {{Interlanguage link|Cezary Łukaszewicz|pl|Cezary Łukaszewicz}} a matsayin [[Gudaúskas, Konstantin Kyastutisovich|Konstantin Gudaúskas]] <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> * [[Dovzhenko, Vyacheslav Valeryevich|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko]] a matsayin kwamandan FSB <ref name="bbc" /> * [[Strelnikov, Sergey Aleksandrovich|Sergey Strelnikov]] a matsayin Aleksandr * Artemii Egorov a matsayin Stanislav * [[Kryzhanovsky, Aleksandr Vladimirovich|Aleksandr Kryzhanovsky]] a matsayin Yevgeny Nikolaevich * Anastasia Nesterenko a matsayin Ira * Nikon Fedotov a matsayin Dima == Fitarwa == Lokacin da ake haɓaka labari, masu shirya fina-finai sun dogara da asusun Gudaúskas da shawarwari tare da Babban Daraktan Fasaha na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Yukren. A cewar BBC, yawancin labarun da aka gabatar a cikin fim din "a wata hanya ko makamancin hakan sun dace da abin da ya faru a yankin Kyiv da aka mamaye". Don yin bayyana tattaunawar tsakanin sojojin Rasha, an yi amfani da rikodin da aka dauka na sadarwa da aka kama. An yi amfani da APCs da motocin da sojojin Yukren suka kama a matsayin motocin soja na Rasha a cikin fim din.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> Baya ga fim din, ma'aikatan sunyi aiki a kan fim din tare da shaidar shaidu da aka rubuta yayin yin fim din.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> An tallafawa fim din tare da kudade daga mutane masu zaman kansu, musamman daga mai saka hannun jari na Amurka Semyon Dukach.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Farko fitarwa === A cikin shekara ta 2023 an gabatar da fim din a wani taro na musamman na bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin, a nunawa daban-daban a New York da Boston, a bikin fina-finai na Venice da kuma bikin fina-finai na kasa da Kasa a Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-01-30 |title=Про фільм |url=https://bucha.film/uk#about |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BuchaFilm |publisher=}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, don bikin cika shekaru na biyu da fara mamayewar Rasha a Yukren, an shirya nuna kayayyaki da aka kama a [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A watan Fabrairun 2024, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin fina-finai na Ukraine Cinema for Victory, an fara nunawa na farko ga jama'a. == Biki == Tun kafin ma a saki fim din an soki shi saboda fitowa "da wuri", yayin da raunin wadanda abin ya shafa har yanzu yana sabo, kuma saboda kasancewa fim ne na tatsuniya a maimakon na gaskiya. Ɗaya daga cikin hotunan harshen Ingilishi ne ya haifar da ƙarin suka, wanda aka rubuta "Bucha" kuma ya nuna wani ginin da aka rushe a Borodianka, wanda wasu suka ɗauka a matsayin rashin daidaito (ko da yake wani ɓangare na abubuwan da suka faru a fim din sun faru ne a Borodianca <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref>).<ref>{{Cite web |title="In Los Angeles they did not allow 'Bucha' to be shown": producer Oleksandr Shchur on the hate towards the film in Ukraine, the reaction of American politicians, and the likelihood of the disappearance of Ukrainian cinema |url=https://news.telegraf.com.ua/ukr/intervju/2024-02-08/5832840-v-los-andzhelese-ne-dali-pokazat-buchu-prodyuser-aleksandr-shchur-o-kheyte-kartiny-v-ukraine-reaktsii-amerikanskikh-politikov-i-veroyatnosti-ischeznoveniya-ukrainskogo-kino?_gl=1*fuz6tb*_ga*MTczNTI5ODU0NS4xNzAzNDg3ODU2*_ga_4R3J02BFG3*MTcwNzQwNDAxNy4xODIuMS4xNzA3NDA0MDY2LjExLjAuMA.. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426083508/https://news.telegraf.com.ua/ukr/intervju/2024-02-08/5832840-v-los-andzhelese-ne-dali-pokazat-buchu-prodyuser-aleksandr-shchur-o-kheyte-kartiny-v-ukraine-reaktsii-amerikanskikh-politikov-i-veroyatnosti-ischeznoveniya-ukrainskogo-kino?_gl=1*fuz6tb*_ga*MTczNTI5ODU0NS4xNzAzNDg3ODU2*_ga_4R3J02BFG3*MTcwNzQwNDAxNy4xODIuMS4xNzA3NDA0MDY2LjExLjAuMA.. |archive-date=2024-04-26 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://bucha.film}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ke1hfhlfpi7y4f9nflgihdeqnfcfqre 828031 828030 2026-04-30T17:00:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828031 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Bucha''''' wani fim ne na Yukren wanda {{Interlanguage link|Stanislav Tiunov|uk|Станіслав Тіунов}} ya jagoranta game da wani mai sa kai wanda ya gusar da mutane daga Bucha a lokacin kisan kiyashi na mazauna yankin da sojojin Rasha suka shirya, kisan kiyashin Bucha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soldak |first=Katya |title=Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya samo asali ne daga ainihin tarihin mai sa kai [[Gudaúskas, Konstantin Kyastutisovich|Konstantin Gudaúskas]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=Волонтер Костянтин Гудаускас: про врятованих людей і фільм-драму "Буча" |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/281682-bucha-v-ukraini-znimut-film-pro-zahi-okupacii-na-kiivsini/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Inocencio |first=Ramy |last2=Breen |first2=Kerry |last3=Smith |first3=Barny |date=2023-07-29 |title=New film honors "angel" who saved over 200 lives during Russian occupation of Bucha - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-film-honors-angel-who-saved-over-200-lives-during-russian-occupation-of-bucha/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628230946/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/new-film-honors-angel-who-saved-over-200-lives-during-russian-occupation-of-bucha/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> An shirya fitar da fim din ne a watan Satumbar 2024.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}</ref> A lokacin da Rasha ta mamaye unguwar Kyiv an kashe fararen hula 1,374. Bayan samun 'yanci, an sami kaburbura da yawa tare shaidar ta'addanci da sojojin Rasha suka aikata a Bucha.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soldak |first=Katya |title=Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine. |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ |archive-date=2024-06-28 |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Forbes |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSoldak">Soldak, Katya. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ "Film Bucha: A Painful Story Based On True Events In Ukraine"]. ''Forbes''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240628225858/https://www.forbes.com/sites/katyasoldak/2024/05/09/film-bucha-a-painful-story-based-on-true-events-in-ukraine/ Archived] from the original on 2024-06-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Labari == Fim din ya samo asali ne daga labarin gaskiya na Konstantin Gudaúskas, ma'aikacin sa kai wanda ya gusar da mutane da yawa daga Bucha, Vorzel da sauran wuraren da Rasha ta mamaye. Konstantin ɗan Lithuania ne wanda aka haifa a Kazakhstan, kuma ya kasance "mai raha", kamar yadda mutanen Rasha suka sanar, fasfo na Kazakh ya taimaka masa ya wuce ta wuraren tsaro na Rasha.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Yan wasa == * {{Interlanguage link|Cezary Łukaszewicz|pl|Cezary Łukaszewicz}} a matsayin [[Gudaúskas, Konstantin Kyastutisovich|Konstantin Gudaúskas]] <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> * [[Dovzhenko, Vyacheslav Valeryevich|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko]] a matsayin kwamandan FSB <ref name="bbc" /> * [[Strelnikov, Sergey Aleksandrovich|Sergey Strelnikov]] a matsayin Aleksandr * Artemii Egorov a matsayin Stanislav * [[Kryzhanovsky, Aleksandr Vladimirovich|Aleksandr Kryzhanovsky]] a matsayin Yevgeny Nikolaevich * Anastasia Nesterenko a matsayin Ira * Nikon Fedotov a matsayin Dima == Fitarwa == Lokacin da ake haɓaka labari, masu shirya fina-finai sun dogara da asusun Gudaúskas da shawarwari tare da Babban Daraktan Fasaha na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Yukren. A cewar BBC, yawancin labarun da aka gabatar a cikin fim din "a wata hanya ko makamancin hakan sun dace da abin da ya faru a yankin Kyiv da aka mamaye". Don yin bayyana tattaunawar tsakanin sojojin Rasha, an yi amfani da rikodin da aka dauka na sadarwa da aka kama. An yi amfani da APCs da motocin da sojojin Yukren suka kama a matsayin motocin soja na Rasha a cikin fim din.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> Baya ga fim din, ma'aikatan sunyi aiki a kan fim din tare da shaidar shaidu da aka rubuta yayin yin fim din.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> An tallafawa fim din tare da kudade daga mutane masu zaman kansu, musamman daga mai saka hannun jari na Amurka Semyon Dukach.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Farko fitarwa === A cikin shekara ta 2023 an gabatar da fim din a wani taro na musamman na bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin, a nunawa daban-daban a New York da Boston, a bikin fina-finai na Venice da kuma bikin fina-finai na kasa da Kasa a Toronto.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-01-30 |title=Про фільм |url=https://bucha.film/uk#about |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BuchaFilm |publisher=}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Fabrairun 2024, don bikin cika shekaru na biyu da fara mamayewar Rasha a Yukren, an shirya nuna kayayyaki da aka kama a [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> A watan Fabrairun 2024, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin fina-finai na Ukraine Cinema for Victory, an fara nunawa na farko ga jama'a. == Biki == Tun kafin ma a saki fim din an soki shi saboda fitowa "da wuri", yayin da raunin wadanda abin ya shafa har yanzu yana sabo, kuma saboda kasancewa fim ne na tatsuniya a maimakon na gaskiya. Ɗaya daga cikin hotunan harshen Ingilishi ne ya haifar da ƙarin suka, wanda aka rubuta "Bucha" kuma ya nuna wani ginin da aka rushe a Borodianka, wanda wasu suka ɗauka a matsayin rashin daidaito (ko da yake wani ɓangare na abubuwan da suka faru a fim din sun faru ne a Borodianca <ref name="bbc">{{Cite web |last=Vyacheslav Shramovych |date=2024-02-13 |title="Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do |archive-date=2024-02-20 |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=BBC Ukrainian |publisher=}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVyacheslav_Shramovych2024">Vyacheslav Shramovych (2024-02-13). [https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do ""Буча": фільм, який ще до прем'єри викликав запеклу критику"]. ''BBC Ukrainian''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240220004504/https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/c3g07g8598do Archived] from the original on 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite></ref>).<ref>{{Cite web |title="In Los Angeles they did not allow 'Bucha' to be shown": producer Oleksandr Shchur on the hate towards the film in Ukraine, the reaction of American politicians, and the likelihood of the disappearance of Ukrainian cinema |url=https://news.telegraf.com.ua/ukr/intervju/2024-02-08/5832840-v-los-andzhelese-ne-dali-pokazat-buchu-prodyuser-aleksandr-shchur-o-kheyte-kartiny-v-ukraine-reaktsii-amerikanskikh-politikov-i-veroyatnosti-ischeznoveniya-ukrainskogo-kino?_gl=1*fuz6tb*_ga*MTczNTI5ODU0NS4xNzAzNDg3ODU2*_ga_4R3J02BFG3*MTcwNzQwNDAxNy4xODIuMS4xNzA3NDA0MDY2LjExLjAuMA.. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426083508/https://news.telegraf.com.ua/ukr/intervju/2024-02-08/5832840-v-los-andzhelese-ne-dali-pokazat-buchu-prodyuser-aleksandr-shchur-o-kheyte-kartiny-v-ukraine-reaktsii-amerikanskikh-politikov-i-veroyatnosti-ischeznoveniya-ukrainskogo-kino?_gl=1*fuz6tb*_ga*MTczNTI5ODU0NS4xNzAzNDg3ODU2*_ga_4R3J02BFG3*MTcwNzQwNDAxNy4xODIuMS4xNzA3NDA0MDY2LjExLjAuMA.. |archive-date=2024-04-26 |access-date=2024-06-28}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist|2}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://bucha.film}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q3rarhs61squhkwe1lo0ayw3i992ob8 0 148775 828034 2026-04-30T17:12:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347742951|Viktor Onysko]]" 828034 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Ukrainian. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] cc9oh5l1ioxgj3jtenfzhnb8q8of39u 828035 828034 2026-04-30T17:12:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Ukrainian. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] j0c8ihgu712chovzp5zayw2tnq2i5lc 828037 828035 2026-04-30T17:16:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828037 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019). <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] bsjcoza8l4xbu4ooo5s6lb7s86urr34 828039 828037 2026-04-30T17:16:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 2p710lw9krd0jw6lwrl1kwg8mme8tfu 828040 828039 2026-04-30T17:20:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2023, an girmama gawarsa da lamban yabo na Order of Merit na Aji Uku daga Shugaban Kasa [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] don gudummawarsa ga sinimar kasar [[Ukraniya]]. == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] s0r6uke1g2boo6rcsgkwmtw18k027h9 828041 828040 2026-04-30T17:23:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2023, an girmama gawarsa da lamban yabo na Order of Merit na Aji Uku daga Shugaban Kasa [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] don gudummawarsa ga sinimar kasar [[Ukraniya]]. Amma matarsa bata karba kyautan ba saboda masu shirya fina-finan wadanda suke daga baya an jero su a cikin jerin kyauta da wadanda suka je yaki wa kasar su. == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5hmos8i904v20ipszlgs21ud5x5rs2c 828043 828041 2026-04-30T17:24:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2023, an girmama gawarsa da lamban yabo na Order of Merit na Aji Uku daga Shugaban Kasa [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] don gudummawarsa ga sinimar kasar [[Ukraniya]]. Amma matarsa bata karba kyautan ba saboda masu shirya fina-finan wadanda suke daga baya an jero su a cikin jerin kyauta da wadanda suka je yaki wa kasar su. Bugu da kari, ta kara da cewa jerin wadanda aka ba kyautan kawai sun hada da masu biyayya ne Hukumar Fina-Finan Kasar Yukren. == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] gtq0boewg6pw9nn7dxwjik2i4bsk44n 828045 828043 2026-04-30T17:27:23Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2023, an girmama gawarsa da lamban yabo na Order of Merit na Aji Uku daga Shugaban Kasa [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] don gudummawarsa ga sinimar kasar [[Ukraniya]]. Amma matarsa bata karba kyautan ba saboda masu shirya fina-finan wadanda suke daga baya an jero su a cikin jerin kyauta da wadanda suka je yaki wa kasar su. Bugu da kari, ta kara da cewa jerin wadanda aka ba kyautan kawai sun hada da masu biyayya ne Hukumar Fina-Finan Kasar Yukren. Wani kashi na ''Ostannioi ziomky'' (Yukren: Останньої зйомки) wani jerin fina-finai na gaskiya an sadaukar da shi don masu fasaha da aka kashe a yayin yakin Rasha-Yukren, an sadaukar da shi don rayuwarsa. == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 4yik2fpne7lq67qsdao5hg8bsq0gai3 828047 828045 2026-04-30T17:27:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2023, an girmama gawarsa da lamban yabo na Order of Merit na Aji Uku daga Shugaban Kasa [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] don gudummawarsa ga sinimar kasar [[Ukraniya]]. Amma matarsa bata karba kyautan ba saboda masu shirya fina-finan wadanda suke daga baya an jero su a cikin jerin kyauta da wadanda suka je yaki wa kasar su. Bugu da kari, ta kara da cewa jerin wadanda aka ba kyautan kawai sun hada da masu biyayya ne Hukumar Fina-Finan Kasar Yukren. Wani kashi na ''Ostannioi ziomky'' (Yukren: Останньої зйомки) wani jerin fina-finai na gaskiya an sadaukar da shi don masu fasaha da aka kashe a yayin yakin Rasha-Yukren, an sadaukar da shi don rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-09-16 |title=Журналістів і кінематографістів вшановує титулований фільм «Остання зйомка» |url=https://ukrpohliad.org/culture/zhurnalistiv-i-kinematografistiv-vshanovuye-tytulovanyj-film-ostannya-zjomka.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainskyi Pohliad |language=uk}}</ref> == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 6biktxsixvnigdjfusi1ge37ziozmtp 828048 828047 2026-04-30T17:28:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Viktor Petrovych Onysko''' (Yukren, 17 Disamba 1982 - 30 Disamba 2022) ya kasance Editan fina-finai na Yukren kuma ma'aikacin Sojojin Yukren, wanda ya fafata a Yakin Rasha-Yukren. == Tarihin rayuwa == Onysko ya kasance Editan fina-finan Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2021 |title=Представлен оригинальный саундтрек синематика игры Warpath от Postmodern Digital и Lilith Games |url=https://film.ua/ru/news/2458 |publisher=film.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a kan fina-finai da jerin fina-finai sama da 20. Wadannan sun hada da Yakin Sevastopol (2015), Fall of Lenin (2017), [[Cherkasy (fim)|''Cherkasy'']] (2019), Cold Blood (2019) da ''The Rising Hawk'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Viktor Onysko – director died in the war — UNIAN |url=https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329121101/https://au.topnews.media/ukraine/viktor-onysko-director-died-in-the-war-unian/ |archive-date=2023-03-29 |publisher=au.topnews.media |language=en}}</ref> Ya fafata a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Orange da Euromaidan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalilova |first=Dinara |date=2023-10-25 |title=These Ukrainian artists, writers were killed by Russia’s war |url=https://kyivindependent.com/these-ukrainian-artists-writers-were-killed-by-russias-war/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Kyiv Independent |language=en}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Maris, Onysko ya je ofishin sojoji tare da jakarsa don shiga aikin soja.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 May 2022 |title=Киношный экипаж тральщика "Черкассы" теперь защищает страну в реальной жизни: красноречивые фото |url=https://kino.24tv.ua/ru/kinoshnyj-jekipazh-tralshhika-cherkassy-teper-zashhishhaet-stranu_n1970322 |publisher=kino.24tv.ua |language=ru}}</ref> A yaƙin ya samu suna na musamman "Tarantino".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Минута молчания: почтим Виктора Онисько, погибшего в бою на востоке |url=https://freeradio.com.ua/ru/mynuta-molchanyia-pochtym-vyktora-onysko-pohybsheho-v-boiu-na-vostoke |publisher=freeradio.com.ua |language=ru}}</ref> Ya fafata a ayyukan soja a yankin Kherson Oblast da Donbas a matsayin memba na Brigade na 128 na Mountain Assault .<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Ukrainian film editor Viktor Onysko dies fighting Russia |url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/395/9766/artykul/3097467,ukrainian-film-editor-viktor-onysko-dies-fighting-russia |website=Polskie Radio |publisher= |language=en}}</ref> Junior Lieutenant Onysko ya mutu a ranar 30 ga watan Disamba 2022 yayin da yake yin aikin yaƙi, kusa da Soledar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voitovych |first=Olga |date=2 January 2023 |title=Muere en el frente de batalla el editor de cine ucraniano Viktor Onysko |url=https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/2023/01/02/ucrania-muere-editor-cine-traxc |website=CNN |publisher= |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Viktor Onysko |url=https://ui.org.ua/en/artists/viktor-onysko-2/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website= |publisher=Ukrainian Institute |language=en-GB}}</ref> A ranar 5 ga watan Disamban 2022, an binne shi a Kabari na Baikove a Kyiv. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ropan |first=Sofiia |date=5 January 2023 |title=Загинув, захищаючи Україну: у Києві попрощалися з відомим режисером Віктором Ониськом |url=https://24tv.ua/kiyevi-pohovali-ukrayinskogo-rezhisera-viktora-oniska-5-sichnya_n2231699 |website=24 Kanal |publisher= |language=uk}}</ref> Ya bar matarsa, Olga, da 'yarta, Zakhariya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2023 |title=Не стало украинского режиссера Виктора Онисько, защищавшего страну на передовой |url=https://boom.ms/viktor-onisko |publisher=boom.ms |language=ru}}</ref> A cikin watan Agustan 2023, an girmama gawarsa da lamban yabo na Order of Merit na Aji Uku daga Shugaban Kasa [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] don gudummawarsa ga sinimar kasar [[Ukraniya]]. Amma matarsa bata karba kyautan ba saboda masu shirya fina-finan wadanda suke daga baya an jero su a cikin jerin kyauta da wadanda suka je yaki wa kasar su. Bugu da kari, ta kara da cewa jerin wadanda aka ba kyautan kawai sun hada da masu biyayya ne Hukumar Fina-Finan Kasar Yukren.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yankovlenko |first=Kateryna |date=2023-09-12 |title=Дружина Віктора Ониська відмовиться від ордену президента — коментар |url=https://suspilne.media/culture/570771-druzina-viktora-oniska-vidmovitsa-vid-ordenu-prezidenta-komentar/ |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Suspilne |language=uk}}</ref> Wani kashi na ''Ostannioi ziomky'' (Yukren: Останньої зйомки) wani jerin fina-finai na gaskiya an sadaukar da shi don masu fasaha da aka kashe a yayin yakin Rasha-Yukren, an sadaukar da shi don rayuwarsa.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-09-16 |title=Журналістів і кінематографістів вшановує титулований фільм «Остання зйомка» |url=https://ukrpohliad.org/culture/zhurnalistiv-i-kinematografistiv-vshanovuye-tytulovanyj-film-ostannya-zjomka.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainskyi Pohliad |language=uk}}</ref> == Fina-finansa == Tushen: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhernovska |first=Liudmyla |date=2023-01-02 |title=На війні загинув український режисер монтажу Віктор Онисько |url=https://www.unian.ua/war/viktor-onisko-na-viyni-zaginuv-rezhiser-12096741.html |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |language=uk}}</ref> === Fina-finai === * ''Tsinkaya da laifi'' (2007) * ''Shekarar kifi na zinariya'' (2007) * Daga Duniya (2007) * ''Carassi'' (2008) * ''Ba za a iya rushewa ba'' (2015) * Ƙarfin (2017) * ''Rashin Lenin'' (2017) * ''Jinin sanyi'' (2018) * Polina da asirin gidan fim [uk] (2019) * ''An ba da shi'' (2019) * Littafin Olka na Italiyanci (2019) * <nowiki><i id="mwhA">Rising Hawk</i></nowiki> (2019) * ''[[Cherkasy (fim)|Cherkasy]]'' (2019) * ''Viddana'' (2020) * Roses. Film Cabaret (2021) === Jerin fina-finai === * ''Ya mutu. Rayuwa. Mai haɗari'' (2006) * Mai bincike Saveliev's Cordon [uk] (2012) * {{Interlanguage link|Butterflies (2013 film)|ru|Мотыльки (мини-сериал)|lt=Butterflies|italic=y}} (2013) * Barka da, yara maza (2014) * Kofi tare da Cardamom [uk] (2021) == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] mbbeelfa7wv5s6eqy9eo6y6s4mnmuug 0 148776 828042 2026-04-30T17:24:38Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349074605|Gabisile Nkosi]]" 828042 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Gabisile Nkosi''' (4 ga Fabrairu 1974-27 ga Mayu 2008) ta kasance mai zane-zane da mai buga takardu na Afirka ta Kudu, mai shirya al'umma kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haifi Nkosi a shekara ta 1974 a Umlazi, [[Durban]], Afirka ta Kudu, a matsayin ta biyar cikin yara bakwai. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyde |first=Witty |date=2008-01-01 |title=Tribute to Gabisile Nkosi: (b. 4 February 1974–d. 27 May 2008) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity |volume=22 |issue=75, Sexual and Reproductive Rights |pages=64–66 |doi=10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=1013-0950}}</ref> Ta kasance Kirista mai ibada.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-28 |title=Gabisile Nkosi Remembered (1974–2008) |url=https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130556/https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=[[Durban University of Technology]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Ogwini a Umlazi, <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-28 |title=Gabisile Nkosi Remembered (1974–2008) |url=https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130556/https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=[[Durban University of Technology]] |language=en-US}}</ref> yayin da take halartar Velobala Art Classes a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Afirka a ranakun Asabar. Bayan kammala karatunta daga makaranta, ta nemi karatu a [[Jami'ar Fasaha ta Durban]] kuma an ki amincewa da aikace-aikacen ta a 1995, 1996 da 1997 saboda "Matsananciyar Turanci" da "rashin fayil". Daga karshe an yarda da ita kuma ta shiga karatun Fine Art a jami'ar, inda ita kadai ce ɗalibar baƙar fata a cikin aji.<ref name=":2" /> Jan Jordaan ne ya jagoranci ta a lokacin jami'a.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> Nkosi ya kuma horar da buga takardu a karkashin Malcolm Christian a lokacin wata ƙungiya ta duniya a Caversham Press, Natal . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cooney |first=L. |date=2012 |title=Ink, paper, plates: the legacy of printmaking in South Africa and the Caversham Press |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/5bde55e25b09ec69d6e2fbacd0520549/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=35901 |journal=African Arts |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=36–45 |doi=10.1162/afar.2012.45.2.36 |id={{ProQuest|<!-- Insert ProQuest data here -->}} |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> Daga baya ta yi aiki a Caversham Press a matsayin manajan shirye-shiryen su da kuma mai kula da al'umma.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Gabsile Nkosi Exhibition at Phansi |url=http://news.artsmart.co.za/2019/10/gabisile-nkosi-exhibition-at-phansi.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=ArtSmart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christian |first=Malcolm |date=2008 |title=Gabisile Nkosi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPBGAQAAIAAJ&q=Gabisile+Nkosi+print |journal=Art South Africa |volume=7 |pages=33 |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Ayyukan Nkosi sun binciki asalinta a matsayin baƙar fata mata, 'yar da uwa ta Afirka ta Kudu. Ta kuma sha'awar yadda za a iya amfani da fasaha a matsayin magani da warkarwa, musamman ga matan da aka yi musu cin zarafi ta hanyar tashin hankali na gida, bayan da aka kai musu hari a 1998 inda mahaifin ɗanta ya soke su duka. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Gabsile Nkosi Exhibition at Phansi |url=http://news.artsmart.co.za/2019/10/gabisile-nkosi-exhibition-at-phansi.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=ArtSmart}}</ref> A shekara ta 2000, ta ba da gudummawa ga linocut Break the Silence zuwa HIV / AIDS Billboard and Portfolio Project, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marschall |first=Sabine |date=2002 |title=Break the silence': harnessing art to fight HIV/AIDS |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA0259188X_1755 |journal=Indicator South Africa |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=81–86 |access-date=13 February 2025}}</ref> wanda masu zane-zane don haƙƙin ɗan adam suka tallafawa. An nuna sashi a babban ƙofar da fita zuwa Umlazi. Ya nuna wata matashiya baƙar fata mace mai jinya tare da akwatin condoms tana koyar da dattawan maza na Zulu (''induna'') game da jima'i mai aminci. Hoton ya kasance mai kawo rigima yayin da ya kalubalanci imanin al'adu cewa lalata ce ga mata matasa su ilimantar da tsofaffi yayin da suke nuna haramtacciyar cutar kanjamau / AIDs.<ref name=":4" /> An yi hira da Nkosi a gidan rediyo na Zulu game da aikinta, tana ba da shawara ga kanta da mutanen da ke zaune tare da AIDs.<ref name=":2" /> Yanzu ana gudanar da linocut a cikin tarin Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), Manhattan, New York.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabisile Nkosi. Break the Silence from Break the Silence! 2000 |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/136213 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120165627/https://www.moma.org/collection/works/136213 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2003, Nkosi ta kasance mai zane-zane a Cibiyar McColl, Charlotte, North Carolina, wanda ya bayyana cewa "hotunan da zane-zane masu ban sha'awa da kuma zane-zane sun samar da labari mai ƙarfi game da wariyar launin fata da rayuwar gida da al'umma a cikin asalinsa na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke sauti a fadin iyakokin jiki da al'adu".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabisile Nkosi |url=https://mccollcenter.org/artists-in-residence/artist/gabisile-nkosi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130635/https://mccollcenter.org/artists-in-residence/artist/gabisile-nkosi |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=McColl Center}}</ref> A shekara ta 2007, an zaɓi Nkosi don gudanar da bita na kirkira a Kwalejin Jagorancin Oprah Winfrey don 'yan mata a [[Johannesburg]] . An kuma gayyace ta don nunawa a Ingila a matsayin wani ɓangare na bukukuwan tunawa da jami'a ta 200 na [[Kau da Bautan Bayi|kawar da bautar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyde |first=Witty |date=2008-01-01 |title=Tribute to Gabisile Nkosi: (b. 4 February 1974–d. 27 May 2008) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity |volume=22 |issue=75, Sexual and Reproductive Rights |pages=64–66 |doi=10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=1013-0950}}</ref> ''Ukwelapha: Warkarwa'', nune-nunen ta na ƙarshe, an shirya shi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Afirka a shekara ta 2007. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-28 |title=Gabisile Nkosi Remembered (1974–2008) |url=https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130556/https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=[[Durban University of Technology]] |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa == An kashe Nkosi a ranar 27 ga Mayu 2008 a gidanta a Lidgetton, KwaZulu-Natal, ta hanyar abokin tarayya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyde |first=Witty |date=2008-01-01 |title=Tribute to Gabisile Nkosi: (b. 4 February 1974–d. 27 May 2008) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity |volume=22 |issue=75, Sexual and Reproductive Rights |pages=64–66 |doi=10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=1013-0950}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-28 |title=Gabisile Nkosi Remembered (1974–2008) |url=https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130556/https://www.dut.ac.za/Gabisile_Nkosi_Remembered_1974_2008_/ |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=[[Durban University of Technology]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ɗanta Sandile yana da shekara 13 lokacin da aka kashe ta, kuma ta ci gaba da karatun zane-zane da raye-raye.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sassen |first=Robin |date=2017-06-08 |title=Gabisile Nkosi's legacy lives through her art |url=https://www.sajr.co.za/gabisile-nkosi-s-legacy-lives-through-her-art/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130524/https://www.sajr.co.za/gabisile-nkosi-s-legacy-lives-through-her-art/ |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Jewish Report |language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Nuni bayan mutuwarsa == A cikin 2017, an nuna linocut Dadewethu (Yar'uwata) na Nkosi na 2006 a [[Cibiyar KW don Fasaha ta zamani]] a matsayin wani ɓangare na 10th Berlin Biennale a Jamus. Rubutun wasika ce da aka aika wa 'yar'uwarta inda Nkosi ya yaba mata saboda jaruntakarta wajen bayyana matsayinta na cutar kanjamau.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ngcobo |first=Gabi |title=Gabisile Nkosi |url=https://bb10.berlinbiennale.de/artists/g/gabisile-nkosi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222130533/https://bb10.berlinbiennale.de/artists/g/gabisile-nkosi |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=10th Berlin Biennale |language=en}}</ref> An gudanar da baje kolin tunawa da aikin Nkosi mai suna "Gabisile Nkosi Remembered (1974-2008) " a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Afirka a cikin 2013. <ref name=":1" /> An gudanar da wani nune-nunen aikinta a Gidan Tarihi na Phansi, Durban, a cikin 2019. <ref name=":3" /> Ayyukan Nkosi sun kuma nuna a cikin "Lokacin da ruwan sama ya tara: Black South African Women Artists, 1940-2000" nune-nunen, wanda Portia Malatjie da Nontobeko Ntombela suka tsara kuma aka gudanar a Gidauniyar Norval, Cape Town, a cikin 2022-2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rousseaux |first=Barbara |last2=McBride |first2=Sindi-Leigh |date=9 May 2022 |title=Testimony & activism: 'When Rain Clouds Gather: Black South African Women Artists 1940–2000' at Norval Foundation |url=https://artthrob.co.za/2022/05/09/testimony-activism-when-rain-clouds-gather-black-south-african-women-artists-1940-2000-at-norval-foundation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250217140406/https://artthrob.co.za/2022/05/09/testimony-activism-when-rain-clouds-gather-black-south-african-women-artists-1940-2000-at-norval-foundation/ |archive-date=2025-02-17 |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=ArtThrob |language=en-US}}</ref> QAA cikin 2023, Gidauniyar MTN ta Afirka ta Kudu ta Fasaha ta nuna Nkosi a cikin haɗin gwiwar bidiyo na Mata + Art tare da Melanie Tait . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-06 |title=MTN SA Foundation celebrates women artists and enhance arts education through digital initiatives |url=https://artafricamagazine.org/mtn-sa-foundation-celebrates-women-artists-and-enhance-arts-education-through-digital-initiatives-2/ |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=Art Africa Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ana gudanar da ayyukan Nkosi a cikin tarin gallery ciki har da Durban Art Gallery da MoMA . <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=22 October 2019 |title=Gabsile Nkosi Exhibition at Phansi |url=http://news.artsmart.co.za/2019/10/gabisile-nkosi-exhibition-at-phansi.html |access-date=2025-02-12 |website=ArtSmart}}</ref> Har ila yau, shahararrun mutane kamar Oprah Winfrey da [[Maya Angelou]] sun tattara ayyukanta a asirce.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Nyde |first=Witty |date=2008-01-01 |title=Tribute to Gabisile Nkosi: (b. 4 February 1974–d. 27 May 2008) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |journal=Agenda: Empowering Women for Gender Equity |volume=22 |issue=75, Sexual and Reproductive Rights |pages=64–66 |doi=10.1080/10130950.2008.9674909 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |issn=1013-0950}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 163kta4pgnqyj4if0230dz9ovf5s6to 0 148777 828044 2026-04-30T17:26:19Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337830841|Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan]]" 828044 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Dr_Phyllis-P-Ntantala-Jordan.jpg|thumb|Dokta Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan]] '''Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan''' (an haife ta '''Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala'''; 7 ga Janairun 1920 - 17 ga Yulin 2016) ta kasance mai fafutukar siyasa da marubuciya a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan dies at 96 |url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/phyllis-ntantala-jordan-dies-96/ |access-date=4 November 2016 |website=groundup.org.za}}</ref> Ita da masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Archibald Campbell Jordan su ne iyayen ɗan siyasa Pallo Jordan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC mourns passing of eminent Academic and Activist Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan - African National Congress |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/anc-mourns-passing-eminent-academic-and-activist-phyllis-ntantala-jordan |access-date=4 November 2016 |website=anc.org.za}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Phyllis Priscilla "Nogqaza" Ntantala a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1920 a Gqubeni, tare da karkatar Kogin Nqabarha, Dutywa a Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Mahaifin Ntantala-Jordan, George Govan Ntantala manomi ne mai wadata wanda ya yi aiki a Babban Majalisar Transkei, iBhunga da mahaifiyarta, Ida Balfour, ta kasance zuriyar al'ummar Kirista ta farko ta Afirka, wanda annabi Ntsikana ya kafa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na karni na 19 a Gabashin Cape. <ref name="Ntantala1">{{Cite web |title=RIP Dr Phyllis Ntantala (1920 – 2016) |url=https://pensouthafrica.co.za/rip-dr-phyllis-ntantala-1920-2016/ |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=Pen South Africa}}</ref> A cikin bayanin yadda ta girma, Ntantala-Jordan ta ce, "Kamar [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]], ban bar gida ba tare da karin magana daya da shida a aljihunta ba. Na fito ne daga dangin mutanen da ke zaune a cikin Transkei".<ref name="Ntantala2">{{Cite web |title=ANC mourns passing of eminent Academic and Activist Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/anc-mourns-passing-eminent-academic-and-activist-phyllis-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=ANC}}</ref> Ntantala-Jordan ta fara karatunta tana da shekaru hudu. Watanni shida bayan haka, ta rasa mahaifiyarta. Bayan kammala Standard 6 (Grade 8), sannan yana da shekaru 12, an tura Ntantala-Jordan zuwa Healdtown. Healdtown ta sami shawarar sosai ga mahaifinta a kan Lovedale daga shugaban makarantar firamare Rhodes Cakata. Ntantala ya ce a Healdtown an bi da dalibai daidai duk da asalin su kuma karami fiye da Lovedale. A shekara ta 15, an ba Ntantala kyautar Transkeian Bhunga Scholarship don karatu a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]] . A lokacin, Fort Hare, kodayake yana ba da digiri, ya shigar da ɗalibai don karatun digiri. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta kammala difloma ta malamai a Jami'ar Fort Hare a 1937. Ntantala-Jordan ya fara aiki a makarantar sakandare ta Bantu a Kroonstad a matsayin malami a 1938. A cikin 1939, Ntantala-Jordan ta auri marubucin [[Harshen Xhosa|isiXhosa]] Archibald Campbell Jordan, wanda ta sadu da shi a lokacin da take Jami'ar Fort Hare . <ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1945, bayan nadin AC Jordan a matsayin malami na Harsunan Bantu a Fort Hare, Jordans, sannan tare da yara biyu, kuma na uku a kan hanya, sun bar Kroonstad zuwa Gabashin Cape. Koyaya, zaman su a Jami'ar Fort Hare ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci. A shekara ta 1946, AC Jordan ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Cape Town bayan ya samu nasarar neman lacca a cikin Harsunan Bantu a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] (UCT). A shekara ta 1957, Dokta Ntantala-Jordan ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Cape Town don Digiri mafi girma a cikin Dokar Kasa da Gudanarwa. Daga baya za ta sami cancanta daga [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Madison da kuma Doctorate na girmamawa a Falsafa daga Jami'an Fort Hare . Saboda matsin siyasa da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da 1960, 'yan Jordan sun tafi gudun hijira a 1961. Jordans sun koma Amurka, inda aka kwantar da su da 'ya'yansu biyu. Ntantala-Jordan ya mutu yana da shekaru 96 a [[Michigan]] a ranar 17 ga Yulin 2016. Tana da shekaru 96. An kwantar da ita a [[Madison, Wisconsin]])">Kabari na Forest Hill a Madison, Wisconsin a ranar 30 ga Yulin 2016. Ntantala-Jordan da AC Jordan sun tsira daga ɗansu Pallo Jordan. == Ayyukan siyasa == Ntantala-Jordan ta danganta farkawarta ta siyasa ga lokacin da take malama a makarantar sakandare ta Bantu a Kroonstad . A cikin bayanin farkawarta ta siyasa, Ntantala-Jordan ta ce "Ko da yaushe ina gaya wa mutane cewa kwarewata ne a cikin Free State wanda ya haifar da fusata da sanin jama'a na... Yawancin ɗalibanmu a Kroonstad ba su ga makomar da ta wuce makarantarsu ba. Sun kasance a makaranta saboda wuri ne mafi kyau fiye da rayuwa a wurin. Na san cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne a wani wuri ba. <ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> Lokacin da iyalinta suka koma Moshesh Avenue a wurin Langa bayan nadin mijinta AC Jordan a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] a 1946, Ntanta ya yi yaƙi da iyalinsa suka fita daga garin.<ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1946, bayan watanni na farautar gida a cikin fararen yankuna na lokacin (a karkashin Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya), 'yan Jordan sun rubuta wa Gwamna Janar Mista Brownlee, suna neman izinin sayen abubuwa da yawa daga Mista Guttman a Fleur Street, Lincoln Estate, Cape Town. A watan Nuwamba, 'yan Jordan sun sami izinin sayen kuri'a daga Mista Guttman ya zama ɗaya daga cikin iyalan Afirka na farko da suka yi hakan a yankin. Sun kira gidansu "Thabisano", wurin farin ciki. Jordans ba su taɓa aika yaransu zuwa makarantun Afirka ba kamar yadda gwamnati ta bukaci amma sun aika su zuwa St Marks English Church a Athlone, Rosmead da Livingstone High School a Claremont . <ref name="Ntantala3" /> A cikin shekaru biyar na farko a Cape Town, a ƙarshen 1940s da farkon 1950s, yayin da take kiwon 'ya'yansu, ta "yi aiki da aikin siyasa da kuma cikin Kungiyar Malaman Afirka ta Cape". Batutuwan da CATA ta mayar da hankali a farkon shekarun 1950 sun shafi hukunta Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya ta 1950, Dokar Hukumomin Bantu ta 1951, bikin Jan van Riebeeck a Grand Parade a Cape Town a 1952 da Dokar Ilimi ta Bantu ta 1953. <ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Ntantala-Jordan ya rubuta "Ukwayo:Isikrweqe nekhakha", fassarar isiXhosa na "Boycott a matsayin makami na gwagwarmaya" na I.B Tabata, wanda Society of Young Africa (SOYA) ta rarraba a ko'ina a Transkei. Ntantala-Jordan ya yi jawabi a babban taron don adawa da bikin Jan van Riebeeck a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1952, kwana biyu kafin bikin da aka shirya don 6 ga Afrilu. Ntantala-Jordan ya bayyana bukukuwan a matsayin gazawar gwamnati da nasara ga kauracewa jama'a.<ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, an nemi Ntantala-Jordan ta ba da gudummawa ga wata kasida ga wata mujallar da ake kira Afirka ta Kudu a kan "mata na Afirka" ta Ronnie Segal ta zaɓi ta rubuta game da "wasu mata waɗanda babu wanda ya taɓa ji game da su, waɗanda ba a taɓa gaya musu labarin su ba, saboda ba su da kyau 'na al'ummominsu". A cewarta, waɗannan "sun kasance wasu daga cikin 'yan mata da na girma tare da su, yanzu sun yi aure kuma suna rayuwa da rayuwar gwauraye, yayin da mazajen su suka tafi cikin birane".<ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Labarin ta na biyu a cikin wannan mujallar yana da taken "The Widows of the Reserves" wanda daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Flemish, Faransanci da Dutch.<ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A lokacin Jihar gaggawa sakamakon [[Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville]] da zanga-zangar Langa na 21 ga Maris 1960, an yi cin zarafin baki. An kama AC Jordan kuma an kai masa hari a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1960, kwana biyar bayan sanarwar Jihar Gaggawa. A kan wannan asalin, Jordan ta zaɓi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. A farkon 1961, an ba AC Jordan kyautar Carnegie Travel Grant don ziyartar jami'o'i da kwalejoji a Amurka. Lokacin da aka hana shi fasfo, sai ya zaɓi izinin fita. Iyalinsa sun bi shi a 1962 kuma sun ƙare a Amurka.<ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> == Kyauta == Ana tunawa da Ntantala-Jordan a matsayin mai ilimi, marubuci kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. A cikin bayanin rawar da ta taka a gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci, [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] ta ce "mutuwar Mama Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan ta sace Afirka ta Kudu da duniya gaba ɗaya daga hankali mai basira, mai tambaya da kuma mai ban sha'awa. Mun rasa zakara na daidaiton jinsi ga mata na Afirka musamman... "<ref name="Ntantala2" /> Ntantala-Jordan da aka fassara zuwa Turanci littafin mijinta AC Jordan, ''Ingqumbo Yeminyanya'', ta yi magana a yawancin laccoci na jama'a, ta rubuta litattafai, littafin Bari mu ji su yi magana, littafi da ke fadada muryoyin jarumai da yawa da ba a san su ba a matsayin matan Afirka ta Kudu da tarihin rayuwarta: A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala . <ref name="Ntantala2">{{Cite web |title=ANC mourns passing of eminent Academic and Activist Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/anc-mourns-passing-eminent-academic-and-activist-phyllis-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=ANC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Littattafai masu mahimmanci == * Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita 2019. "'Firing with the pen': Tsakanin gadon ilimi na Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan". ''Jaridar Afirka ta Kudu ta Harsunan Afirka'' 40.1:26-31. == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala/A Rayuwar Mosaic: Tarihin rayuwar Phyllis Ntantala ta Phyllis Ntantla] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] iz5z6ecbtf2whxh0pbtd7qvqmj868b5 828307 828044 2026-05-01T08:53:15Z Mahuta 11340 828307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Dr_Phyllis-P-Ntantala-Jordan.jpg|thumb|Dokta Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan]] '''Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan''' (an haife ta '''Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala'''; 7 ga Janairun 1920 - 17 ga Yulin 2016) ta kasance mai fafutukar siyasa da marubuciya a Afirka ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan dies at 96 |url=https://www.groundup.org.za/article/phyllis-ntantala-jordan-dies-96/ |access-date=4 November 2016 |website=groundup.org.za}}</ref> Ita da masanin tarihin wallafe-wallafen Archibald Campbell Jordan su ne iyayen ɗan siyasa Pallo Jordan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=ANC mourns passing of eminent Academic and Activist Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan - African National Congress |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/anc-mourns-passing-eminent-academic-and-activist-phyllis-ntantala-jordan |access-date=4 November 2016 |website=anc.org.za}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == An haifi Phyllis Priscilla "Nogqaza" Ntantala a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1920 a Gqubeni, tare da karkatar Kogin Nqabarha, Dutywa a Gabashin Cape, [[Afirka ta Kudu]]. Mahaifin Ntantala-Jordan, George Govan Ntantala manomi ne mai wadata wanda ya yi aiki a Babban Majalisar Transkei, iBhunga da mahaifiyarta, Ida Balfour, ta kasance zuriyar al'ummar Kirista ta farko ta Afirka, wanda annabi Ntsikana ya kafa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na karni na 19 a Gabashin Cape. <ref name="Ntantala1">{{Cite web |title=RIP Dr Phyllis Ntantala (1920 – 2016) |url=https://pensouthafrica.co.za/rip-dr-phyllis-ntantala-1920-2016/ |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=Pen South Africa}}</ref> A cikin bayanin yadda ta girma, Ntantala-Jordan ta ce, "Kamar [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]], ban bar gida ba tare da karin magana daya da shida a aljihunta ba. Na fito ne daga dangin mutanen da ke zaune a cikin Transkei".<ref name="Ntantala2">{{Cite web |title=ANC mourns passing of eminent Academic and Activist Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/anc-mourns-passing-eminent-academic-and-activist-phyllis-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=ANC}}</ref> Ntantala-Jordan ta fara karatunta tana da shekaru hudu. Watanni shida bayan haka, ta rasa mahaifiyarta. Bayan kammala Standard 6 (Grade 8), sannan yana da shekaru 12, an tura Ntantala-Jordan zuwa Healdtown. Healdtown ta sami shawarar sosai ga mahaifinta a kan Lovedale daga shugaban makarantar firamare Rhodes Cakata. Ntantala ya ce a Healdtown an bi da dalibai daidai duk da asalin su kuma karami fiye da Lovedale. A shekara ta 15, an ba Ntantala kyautar Transkeian Bhunga Scholarship don karatu a [[Jami'ar Fort Hare]] . A lokacin, Fort Hare, kodayake yana ba da digiri, ya shigar da ɗalibai don karatun digiri. Bayan kammala karatunta, ta kammala difloma ta malamai a Jami'ar Fort Hare a 1937. Ntantala-Jordan ya fara aiki a makarantar sakandare ta Bantu a Kroonstad a matsayin malami a 1938. A cikin 1939, Ntantala-Jordan ta auri marubucin [[Harshen Xhosa|isiXhosa]] Archibald Campbell Jordan, wanda ta sadu da shi a lokacin da take Jami'ar Fort Hare . <ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1945, bayan nadin AC Jordan a matsayin malami na Harsunan Bantu a Fort Hare, Jordans, sannan tare da yara biyu, kuma na uku a kan hanya, sun bar Kroonstad zuwa Gabashin Cape. Koyaya, zaman su a Jami'ar Fort Hare ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci. A shekara ta 1946, AC Jordan ya koma tare da iyalinsa zuwa Cape Town bayan ya samu nasarar neman lacca a cikin Harsunan Bantu a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] (UCT). A shekara ta 1957, Dokta Ntantala-Jordan ya yi rajista a Jami'ar Cape Town don Digiri mafi girma a cikin Dokar Kasa da Gudanarwa. Daga baya za ta sami cancanta daga [[Jami'ar Afirka ta Kudu]], Kwalejin Fasaha ta Madison da kuma Doctorate na girmamawa a Falsafa daga Jami'an Fort Hare . Saboda matsin siyasa da gwamnatin wariyar launin fata ta Afirka ta Kudu ta yi a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 da 1960, 'yan Jordan sun tafi gudun hijira a 1961. Jordans sun koma Amurka, inda aka kwantar da su da 'ya'yansu biyu. Ntantala-Jordan ya mutu yana da shekaru 96 a [[Michigan]] a ranar 17 ga Yulin 2016. Tana da shekaru 96. An kwantar da ita a [[Madison, Wisconsin]])">Kabari na Forest Hill a Madison, Wisconsin a ranar 30 ga Yulin 2016. Ntantala-Jordan da AC Jordan sun tsira daga ɗansu Pallo Jordan. == Ayyukan siyasa == Ntantala-Jordan ta danganta farkawarta ta siyasa ga lokacin da take malama a makarantar sakandare ta Bantu a Kroonstad . A cikin bayanin farkawarta ta siyasa, Ntantala-Jordan ta ce "Ko da yaushe ina gaya wa mutane cewa kwarewata ne a cikin Free State wanda ya haifar da fusata da sanin jama'a na... Yawancin ɗalibanmu a Kroonstad ba su ga makomar da ta wuce makarantarsu ba. Sun kasance a makaranta saboda wuri ne mafi kyau fiye da rayuwa a wurin. Na san cewa wani abu ba daidai ba ne a wani wuri ba. <ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> Lokacin da iyalinta suka koma Moshesh Avenue a wurin Langa bayan nadin mijinta AC Jordan a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] a 1946, Ntanta ya yi yaƙi da iyalinsa suka fita daga garin.<ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1946, bayan watanni na farautar gida a cikin fararen yankuna na lokacin (a karkashin Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya), 'yan Jordan sun rubuta wa Gwamna Janar Mista Brownlee, suna neman izinin sayen abubuwa da yawa daga Mista Guttman a Fleur Street, Lincoln Estate, Cape Town. A watan Nuwamba, 'yan Jordan sun sami izinin sayen kuri'a daga Mista Guttman ya zama ɗaya daga cikin iyalan Afirka na farko da suka yi hakan a yankin. Sun kira gidansu "Thabisano", wurin farin ciki. Jordans ba su taɓa aika yaransu zuwa makarantun Afirka ba kamar yadda gwamnati ta bukaci amma sun aika su zuwa St Marks English Church a Athlone, Rosmead da Livingstone High School a Claremont . <ref name="Ntantala3" /> A cikin shekaru biyar na farko a Cape Town, a ƙarshen 1940s da farkon 1950s, yayin da take kiwon 'ya'yansu, ta "yi aiki da aikin siyasa da kuma cikin Kungiyar Malaman Afirka ta Cape". Batutuwan da CATA ta mayar da hankali a farkon shekarun 1950 sun shafi hukunta Dokar Yankin Ƙungiya ta 1950, Dokar Hukumomin Bantu ta 1951, bikin Jan van Riebeeck a Grand Parade a Cape Town a 1952 da Dokar Ilimi ta Bantu ta 1953. <ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Ntantala-Jordan ya rubuta "Ukwayo:Isikrweqe nekhakha", fassarar isiXhosa na "Boycott a matsayin makami na gwagwarmaya" na I.B Tabata, wanda Society of Young Africa (SOYA) ta rarraba a ko'ina a Transkei. Ntantala-Jordan ya yi jawabi a babban taron don adawa da bikin Jan van Riebeeck a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1952, kwana biyu kafin bikin da aka shirya don 6 ga Afrilu. Ntantala-Jordan ya bayyana bukukuwan a matsayin gazawar gwamnati da nasara ga kauracewa jama'a.<ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A shekara ta 1957, an nemi Ntantala-Jordan ta ba da gudummawa ga wata kasida ga wata mujallar da ake kira Afirka ta Kudu a kan "mata na Afirka" ta Ronnie Segal ta zaɓi ta rubuta game da "wasu mata waɗanda babu wanda ya taɓa ji game da su, waɗanda ba a taɓa gaya musu labarin su ba, saboda ba su da kyau 'na al'ummominsu". A cewarta, waɗannan "sun kasance wasu daga cikin 'yan mata da na girma tare da su, yanzu sun yi aure kuma suna rayuwa da rayuwar gwauraye, yayin da mazajen su suka tafi cikin birane".<ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> Labarin ta na biyu a cikin wannan mujallar yana da taken "The Widows of the Reserves" wanda daga baya aka fassara shi zuwa Flemish, Faransanci da Dutch.<ref name="Ntantala3">{{Cite web |title=A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala by Phyllis Ntantala |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref> A lokacin Jihar gaggawa sakamakon [[Kisan kiyashi na Sharpeville]] da zanga-zangar Langa na 21 ga Maris 1960, an yi cin zarafin baki. An kama AC Jordan kuma an kai masa hari a ranar 4 ga Afrilu 1960, kwana biyar bayan sanarwar Jihar Gaggawa. A kan wannan asalin, Jordan ta zaɓi ƙaura zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]]. A farkon 1961, an ba AC Jordan kyautar Carnegie Travel Grant don ziyartar jami'o'i da kwalejoji a Amurka. Lokacin da aka hana shi fasfo, sai ya zaɓi izinin fita. Iyalinsa sun bi shi a 1962 kuma sun ƙare a Amurka.<ref name="Ntantala4">{{Cite web |title=A tribute to the late Dr. Phyllis Priscilla Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.humanities.uct.ac.za/news/tribute-late-dr-phyllis-priscilla-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=University of Cape Town}}</ref> == Kyauta == Ana tunawa da Ntantala-Jordan a matsayin mai ilimi, marubuci kuma mai fafutukar siyasa. A cikin bayanin rawar da ta taka a gwagwarmayar neman 'yanci, [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Afirka]] ta ce "mutuwar Mama Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan ta sace Afirka ta Kudu da duniya gaba ɗaya daga hankali mai basira, mai tambaya da kuma mai ban sha'awa. Mun rasa zakara na daidaiton jinsi ga mata na Afirka musamman... "<ref name="Ntantala2" /> Ntantala-Jordan da aka fassara zuwa Turanci littafin mijinta AC Jordan, ''Ingqumbo Yeminyanya'', ta yi magana a yawancin laccoci na jama'a, ta rubuta litattafai, littafin Bari mu ji su yi magana, littafi da ke fadada muryoyin jarumai da yawa da ba a san su ba a matsayin matan Afirka ta Kudu da tarihin rayuwarta: A Life's Mosaic: The Autobiography of Phyllis Ntantala . <ref name="Ntantala2">{{Cite web |title=ANC mourns passing of eminent Academic and Activist Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan |url=http://www.anc.org.za/content/anc-mourns-passing-eminent-academic-and-activist-phyllis-ntantala-jordan |access-date=13 August 2017 |publisher=ANC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Littattafai masu mahimmanci == * Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita 2019. "'Firing with the pen': Tsakanin gadon ilimi na Phyllis Ntantala-Jordan". ''Jaridar Afirka ta Kudu ta Harsunan Afirka'' 40.1:26-31. == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.sahistory.org.za/archive/lifes-mosaic-autobiography-phyllis-ntantala-phyllis-ntantala/A Rayuwar Mosaic: Tarihin rayuwar Phyllis Ntantala ta Phyllis Ntantla] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]] i43u71b510scggu1ertzei2mchwgr9o 0 148778 828050 2026-04-30T17:29:58Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1296421776|Fatma Chamakh-Haddad]]" 828050 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fatma Chamakh-Haddad''' ko Fatma Haddad-Chamakh (an haife ta 10 Maris 1936 a [[Tunis]]; ta mutu 2 Mayu 2013) [[farfesa]] ce, [[Falsafa|masanin falsafa]], mai fafutuka mata kuma mai fafutuka a Tunisian. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == An haife ta a 1936 a Tunis, Fatma Chamakh-Haddad ta fito ne daga dangin [[Musulmi]] da masu ilimi na kasa. Ta yi karatu tun tana yarinya a Tunis, musamman a makarantar sakandare ta [[Rasha]]. Yayinda take matashiya, ta zama memba na Neo Destour (Sabon Jam'iyyar Liberal ta Tsarin Mulki) da Janar Union of Tunisian Students (UGET). Daga nan sai ta tafi jami'a a birnin [[Faris|Paris]], inda ta haɗu da 'yan uwanta. A shekara ta 1955, ta fara karatun [[Falsafa|falsafar]], [[ilimin ɗan adam]], da [[Turanci|harshe]] Ingilishi da wayewa a Jami'ar Sorbonne da ke Paris. A shekara ta 1961, an yarda da ita a cikin gasa hada falsafar. Daga baya ta sami digirin digirgir ta hanyar gabatar da shi a shekarar 1977, a birnin Paris, wani rubutun da ake kira Philosophie systématique et système de philosophie politique chez Spinoza [Systematic Philosophy and System of Political Philosophy by Spinoza], wanda aka haɓaka a karkashin jagorancin Paul Ricœur (an buga rubutun a Tunis a 1980). A lokacin karatunta a Paris, ta zama mataimakiyar shugaban UGET kuma memba na ƙungiyar Néo Destour.<ref name="RA">{{Citation|journal=Antoinette|url-status=Calle-Gruber}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Bayan ta ''tarawa'', Chamakh-Haddad ta koma Tunisia. Ta fara koyarwa a makarantar sakandare da kuma a Makarantar Mataimakin Farfesa ta Kasa kafin ta shiga Jami'ar Tunis a shekarar 1967. Ta kasance mataimaki daga 1967 zuwa 1968, mataimakiyar mashahuri daga 1968 zuwa 1977, babban malami daga 1977 zuwa 1982, farfesa a fannin ilimi mafi girma a tarihin falsafar zamani a Sashen Falsafa a Kwalejin Fasaha da Humanities na Tunis a 1982, sannan farfesa emeritus. Chamakh-Haddad ya yi aiki kuma ya buga kan [[Haƙƙoƙin ɗan'adam|'Yancin ɗan adam]] da' [[Ƴancin Ɗan Adam a Tunisiya|'Yancin mata]], a kan Falsafar siyasa, da kuma a fagen bioethics (musamman yana sha'awar batutuwan wahala da ciwo) a matsayin memba na Kwamitin Kasa na [[Tunisiya]] na Dokokin Kiwon Lafiya. A matsayinta na kwararriyar Baruch Spinoza, ta gudanar da rabuwa da siyasa da tauhidi, da kuma hanyar nazarin matsalolin wayewar zamani, da kuma duniyar Larabawa da Musulmi.<ref name="RA">{{Citation|journal=Antoinette|url-status=Calle-Gruber}}</ref> Daga 1966, ta kuma zama memba na kwamitin tsakiya na Ƙungiyar Mata ta Tunisiya (UNFT). Daga nan ta shiga cikin aikin Cibiyar Bincike, Nazarin, Takaddun shaida da Bayani kan Mata da Kungiyar Mata ta Tunisiya don Binciken Ci Gaban (AFTURD), kungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa da dalilin mata. UNFT tana kusa da cibiyoyin iko kuma tana wakiltar a lokacin abin da ake kira "ma'aikatar mata ta jihar" da gwamnati (Socialist Destourian Party) ta Tunisia ta gabatar, AFTURD ta fi samun 'yanci daga ikon gwamnati. Chamakh-Haddad ta halarci kuma ta jagoranci tarurruka da tarurruka na ilimi a kan taken dalilin mata. Yin amfani da sha'awar sarakunan Tunisiya game da wannan batun, ta shiga cikin kirkirar, a Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Dan Adam ta Tunis (Institute Ibn Charaf), na ƙwararren masanin karatun mata, sabon shiri a cikin jami'ar Tunisiya. A wannan digiri ne ta ba da shekaru na ƙarshe na aikinta na ilimi.<ref name="MAHM" /> Ta mutu a ranar 2 ga Mayu, 2013. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1936]] 18mg2053dh6ujjp111zmh9c0oe2os0v 0 148779 828051 2026-04-30T17:43:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346755202|Mr. Jones (2019 film)]]" 828051 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Mr. Jones''''' ('''''Mr Jones''''' in the United Kingdom; Polish: Obywatel Jones, lit. 'Citizen Jones'; Yukren: «Ціна правди», rumanci: Tsina pravdy, lit. 'Alfaharin Gaskiya') fim din labarin rayuwa ne na 2019 wanda {{Interlanguage link|Andrea Chalupa|uk|Андреа Халупа}} ya rubuta kuma aka samar tare da shi kuma Agnieszka Holland ya bada umurni. Labari ne game da rayuwar ma'aikacin jarida na Welsh wato Gareth Jones, wanda ya gano gaskiya game da fari mai hadari (Holodomor) wanda miliyoyin mutane suka mutu a SSR Ukraniya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gareth Jones: The Welsh Investigative Journalist |url=https://www.garethjones.org/ |website=GarethJones.org}}</ref> An zaɓi fim ɗin don yin gasa na kyautar Golden Bear a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Berlin na 69. == Labari == A 1933, Gareth Jones matashi ne mai burin gaske, wanda ya sami shahara saboda hira da [[Adolf Hitler]]. Da ne ga malamin Turanci a mulkin mallaka na Welsh na Hughesovka a Soviet Yukren, Jones ya damu da tambayar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] za ta iya samun kashe kudi, saboda lambobin ba su yi daidai ba. Jones yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga David Lloyd George, tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, amma tare da iyakantaccen kudade saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, kuma bayan ya kasa yin shari'arsa a wani taro mai mahimmanci, an kore shi. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Saki == ''Mr. Jones'' ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 69 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2019. A wannan watan Agusta, ''Samuel Goldwyn Films'' ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka. An fitar da fim din a Poland a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2019 ta Kino Świat, a Yukren a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2019 ta MMD UA, kuma a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta ''Signature Entertainment.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obywatel Jones |url=https://kinoswiat.pl/film/obywatel-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Kino Świat]] |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Official Ukrainian poster for Mr. Jones Movie release |url=https://film.ua/en/news/2175 |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Film.UA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jones |url=https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Signature Entertainment}}</ref> Asalin da aka shirya don fitowarsa a gidajen kallo na 3 ga Afrilu 2020 a Amurka, an fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2020, a fage na dijital a ranar 19 ga Yuni kuma a bidiyo akan buƙata a ranar 3 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jones |url=http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225183000/http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2023 |publisher=[[Samuel Goldwyn Films]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=22 June 2020 |title=James Norton on the Timeliness of 'Mr. Jones' and Working with Joss Whedon on HBO's 'The Nevers' |url=https://collider.com/james-norton-mr-jones-the-nevers-interview/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> == Karɓar baƙi == == Kyaututtuka == Fim din ya lashe kyautar Grand Prix Golden Lions a bikin fina-finai na Poland na 44 a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salwa |first=Ola |date=23 September 2019 |title=''Mr. Jones'' tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kashe-kashen jama'a a karkashin mulkin kwaminisanci == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title}} * [http://garethjonessociety.org Ƙungiyar Gareth Jones] {{Agnieszka Holland}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2019]] de3f3gud3760g1f038yi2us8fqmd078 828052 828051 2026-04-30T17:44:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Karɓar baƙi */ 828052 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Mr. Jones''''' ('''''Mr Jones''''' in the United Kingdom; Polish: Obywatel Jones, lit. 'Citizen Jones'; Yukren: «Ціна правди», rumanci: Tsina pravdy, lit. 'Alfaharin Gaskiya') fim din labarin rayuwa ne na 2019 wanda {{Interlanguage link|Andrea Chalupa|uk|Андреа Халупа}} ya rubuta kuma aka samar tare da shi kuma Agnieszka Holland ya bada umurni. Labari ne game da rayuwar ma'aikacin jarida na Welsh wato Gareth Jones, wanda ya gano gaskiya game da fari mai hadari (Holodomor) wanda miliyoyin mutane suka mutu a SSR Ukraniya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gareth Jones: The Welsh Investigative Journalist |url=https://www.garethjones.org/ |website=GarethJones.org}}</ref> An zaɓi fim ɗin don yin gasa na kyautar Golden Bear a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Berlin na 69. == Labari == A 1933, Gareth Jones matashi ne mai burin gaske, wanda ya sami shahara saboda hira da [[Adolf Hitler]]. Da ne ga malamin Turanci a mulkin mallaka na Welsh na Hughesovka a Soviet Yukren, Jones ya damu da tambayar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] za ta iya samun kashe kudi, saboda lambobin ba su yi daidai ba. Jones yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga David Lloyd George, tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, amma tare da iyakantaccen kudade saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, kuma bayan ya kasa yin shari'arsa a wani taro mai mahimmanci, an kore shi. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Saki == ''Mr. Jones'' ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 69 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2019. A wannan watan Agusta, ''Samuel Goldwyn Films'' ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka. An fitar da fim din a Poland a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2019 ta Kino Świat, a Yukren a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2019 ta MMD UA, kuma a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta ''Signature Entertainment.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obywatel Jones |url=https://kinoswiat.pl/film/obywatel-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Kino Świat]] |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Official Ukrainian poster for Mr. Jones Movie release |url=https://film.ua/en/news/2175 |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Film.UA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jones |url=https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Signature Entertainment}}</ref> Asalin da aka shirya don fitowarsa a gidajen kallo na 3 ga Afrilu 2020 a Amurka, an fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2020, a fage na dijital a ranar 19 ga Yuni kuma a bidiyo akan buƙata a ranar 3 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jones |url=http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225183000/http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2023 |publisher=[[Samuel Goldwyn Films]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=22 June 2020 |title=James Norton on the Timeliness of 'Mr. Jones' and Working with Joss Whedon on HBO's 'The Nevers' |url=https://collider.com/james-norton-mr-jones-the-nevers-interview/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Fim din ya lashe kyautar Grand Prix Golden Lions a bikin fina-finai na Poland na 44 a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salwa |first=Ola |date=23 September 2019 |title=''Mr. Jones'' tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kashe-kashen jama'a a karkashin mulkin kwaminisanci == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title}} * [http://garethjonessociety.org Ƙungiyar Gareth Jones] {{Agnieszka Holland}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2019]] bcskw9i33dvw39l5quxb8urszt68l9x 828053 828052 2026-04-30T17:44:30Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828053 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''''Mr. Jones''''' ('''''Mr Jones''''' in the United Kingdom; Polish: Obywatel Jones, lit. 'Citizen Jones'; Yukren: «Ціна правди», rumanci: Tsina pravdy, lit. 'Alfaharin Gaskiya') fim din labarin rayuwa ne na 2019 wanda {{Interlanguage link|Andrea Chalupa|uk|Андреа Халупа}} ya rubuta kuma aka samar tare da shi kuma Agnieszka Holland ya bada umurni. Labari ne game da rayuwar ma'aikacin jarida na Welsh wato Gareth Jones, wanda ya gano gaskiya game da fari mai hadari (Holodomor) wanda miliyoyin mutane suka mutu a SSR Ukraniya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gareth Jones: The Welsh Investigative Journalist |url=https://www.garethjones.org/ |website=GarethJones.org}}</ref> An zaɓi fim ɗin don yin gasa na kyautar Golden Bear a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Berlin na 69. == Labari == A 1933, Gareth Jones matashi ne mai burin gaske, wanda ya sami shahara saboda hira da [[Adolf Hitler]]. Da ne ga malamin Turanci a mulkin mallaka na Welsh na Hughesovka a Soviet Yukren, Jones ya damu da tambayar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] za ta iya samun kashe kudi, saboda lambobin ba su yi daidai ba. Jones yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga David Lloyd George, tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, amma tare da iyakantaccen kudade saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, kuma bayan ya kasa yin shari'arsa a wani taro mai mahimmanci, an kore shi. == Masu ba da labari ==   == Saki == ''Mr. Jones'' ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 69 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2019. A wannan watan Agusta, ''Samuel Goldwyn Films'' ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka. An fitar da fim din a Poland a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2019 ta Kino Świat, a Yukren a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2019 ta MMD UA, kuma a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta ''Signature Entertainment.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obywatel Jones |url=https://kinoswiat.pl/film/obywatel-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Kino Świat]] |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Official Ukrainian poster for Mr. Jones Movie release |url=https://film.ua/en/news/2175 |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Film.UA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jones |url=https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Signature Entertainment}}</ref> Asalin da aka shirya don fitowarsa a gidajen kallo na 3 ga Afrilu 2020 a Amurka, an fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2020, a fage na dijital a ranar 19 ga Yuni kuma a bidiyo akan buƙata a ranar 3 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jones |url=http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225183000/http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2023 |publisher=[[Samuel Goldwyn Films]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=22 June 2020 |title=James Norton on the Timeliness of 'Mr. Jones' and Working with Joss Whedon on HBO's 'The Nevers' |url=https://collider.com/james-norton-mr-jones-the-nevers-interview/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Fim din ya lashe kyautar Grand Prix Golden Lions a bikin fina-finai na Poland na 44 a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salwa |first=Ola |date=23 September 2019 |title=''Mr. Jones'' tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kashe-kashen jama'a a karkashin mulkin kwaminisanci == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title}} * [http://garethjonessociety.org Ƙungiyar Gareth Jones] {{Agnieszka Holland}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2019]] mw4xhdo5vdxywpeyarojukhf5i9uprl 828054 828053 2026-04-30T17:46:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Masu ba da labari */ 828054 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''''Mr. Jones''''' ('''''Mr Jones''''' in the United Kingdom; Polish: Obywatel Jones, lit. 'Citizen Jones'; Yukren: «Ціна правди», rumanci: Tsina pravdy, lit. 'Alfaharin Gaskiya') fim din labarin rayuwa ne na 2019 wanda {{Interlanguage link|Andrea Chalupa|uk|Андреа Халупа}} ya rubuta kuma aka samar tare da shi kuma Agnieszka Holland ya bada umurni. Labari ne game da rayuwar ma'aikacin jarida na Welsh wato Gareth Jones, wanda ya gano gaskiya game da fari mai hadari (Holodomor) wanda miliyoyin mutane suka mutu a SSR Ukraniya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gareth Jones: The Welsh Investigative Journalist |url=https://www.garethjones.org/ |website=GarethJones.org}}</ref> An zaɓi fim ɗin don yin gasa na kyautar Golden Bear a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Berlin na 69. == Labari == A 1933, Gareth Jones matashi ne mai burin gaske, wanda ya sami shahara saboda hira da [[Adolf Hitler]]. Da ne ga malamin Turanci a mulkin mallaka na Welsh na Hughesovka a Soviet Yukren, Jones ya damu da tambayar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] za ta iya samun kashe kudi, saboda lambobin ba su yi daidai ba. Jones yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga David Lloyd George, tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, amma tare da iyakantaccen kudade saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, kuma bayan ya kasa yin shari'arsa a wani taro mai mahimmanci, an kore shi. == Yan wasa ==   == Saki == ''Mr. Jones'' ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 69 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2019. A wannan watan Agusta, ''Samuel Goldwyn Films'' ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka. An fitar da fim din a Poland a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2019 ta Kino Świat, a Yukren a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2019 ta MMD UA, kuma a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta ''Signature Entertainment.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obywatel Jones |url=https://kinoswiat.pl/film/obywatel-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Kino Świat]] |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Official Ukrainian poster for Mr. Jones Movie release |url=https://film.ua/en/news/2175 |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Film.UA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jones |url=https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Signature Entertainment}}</ref> Asalin da aka shirya don fitowarsa a gidajen kallo na 3 ga Afrilu 2020 a Amurka, an fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2020, a fage na dijital a ranar 19 ga Yuni kuma a bidiyo akan buƙata a ranar 3 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jones |url=http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225183000/http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2023 |publisher=[[Samuel Goldwyn Films]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=22 June 2020 |title=James Norton on the Timeliness of 'Mr. Jones' and Working with Joss Whedon on HBO's 'The Nevers' |url=https://collider.com/james-norton-mr-jones-the-nevers-interview/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Fim din ya lashe kyautar Grand Prix Golden Lions a bikin fina-finai na Poland na 44 a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salwa |first=Ola |date=23 September 2019 |title=''Mr. Jones'' tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kashe-kashen jama'a a karkashin mulkin kwaminisanci == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title}} * [http://garethjonessociety.org Ƙungiyar Gareth Jones] {{Agnieszka Holland}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2019]] coqbz9xqqehnqiiredzlih9ohdrzyuf 828056 828054 2026-04-30T17:50:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yan wasa */ 828056 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''''Mr. Jones''''' ('''''Mr Jones''''' in the United Kingdom; Polish: Obywatel Jones, lit. 'Citizen Jones'; Yukren: «Ціна правди», rumanci: Tsina pravdy, lit. 'Alfaharin Gaskiya') fim din labarin rayuwa ne na 2019 wanda {{Interlanguage link|Andrea Chalupa|uk|Андреа Халупа}} ya rubuta kuma aka samar tare da shi kuma Agnieszka Holland ya bada umurni. Labari ne game da rayuwar ma'aikacin jarida na Welsh wato Gareth Jones, wanda ya gano gaskiya game da fari mai hadari (Holodomor) wanda miliyoyin mutane suka mutu a SSR Ukraniya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Soviet Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gareth Jones: The Welsh Investigative Journalist |url=https://www.garethjones.org/ |website=GarethJones.org}}</ref> An zaɓi fim ɗin don yin gasa na kyautar Golden Bear a bikin fina-finai na duniya na Berlin na 69. == Labari == A 1933, Gareth Jones matashi ne mai burin gaske, wanda ya sami shahara saboda hira da [[Adolf Hitler]]. Da ne ga malamin Turanci a mulkin mallaka na Welsh na Hughesovka a Soviet Yukren, Jones ya damu da tambayar yadda Tarayyar Soviet ta [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] za ta iya samun kashe kudi, saboda lambobin ba su yi daidai ba. Jones yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga David Lloyd George, tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya, amma tare da iyakantaccen kudade saboda matsalolin tattalin arziki, kuma bayan ya kasa yin shari'arsa a wani taro mai mahimmanci, an kore shi. == Yan wasa == * [[James Norton (actor)|James Norton]] a matsayin [[Gareth Jones (journalist)|Gareth Jones]] * [[Vanessa Kirby]] a matsayin Ada Brooks * [[Peter Sarsgaard]] a matsayin [[Walter Duranty]] * [[Kenneth Cranham]] a matsayin [[David Lloyd George]] * [[Joseph Mawle]] a matsayin [[George Orwell]] * Celyn Jones a matsayin Matthew * [[Krzysztof Pieczyński]] a matsayin [[Maxim Litvinov]] * [[Beata Poźniak]] a matsayin [[Rhea Clyman]] * [[Fenella Woolgar]] a matsayin [[Frances Stevenson|Miss Stevenson]] * Martin Bishop a matsayin [[Ernest Bennett (politician)|Sir Ernest Bennett]] * Edward Wolstenholme a matsayin [[Eugene Lyons]] * [[Marcin Czarnik]] a matsayin Paul Kleb * [[Matthew Marsh (actor)|Matthew Marsh]] a matsayin [[William Randolph Hearst]]  == Saki == ''Mr. Jones'' ya fara fitowa a duniya a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na Berlin na 69 a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu 2019. A wannan watan Agusta, ''Samuel Goldwyn Films'' ta sami haƙƙin rarraba fim ɗin a Arewacin Amurka. An fitar da fim din a Poland a ranar 25 ga Oktoba 2019 ta Kino Świat, a Yukren a ranar 28 ga Nuwamba 2019 ta MMD UA, kuma a Ingila a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu 2020 ta ''Signature Entertainment.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Obywatel Jones |url=https://kinoswiat.pl/film/obywatel-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Kino Świat]] |language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2019 |title=Official Ukrainian poster for Mr. Jones Movie release |url=https://film.ua/en/news/2175 |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=[[Film.UA]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr Jones |url=https://www.signature-entertainment.co.uk/film/mr-jones/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Signature Entertainment}}</ref> Asalin da aka shirya don fitowarsa a gidajen kallo na 3 ga Afrilu 2020 a Amurka, an fitar da fim din a gidajen kallo a ranar 22 ga Mayu 2020, a fage na dijital a ranar 19 ga Yuni kuma a bidiyo akan buƙata a ranar 3 ga Yuli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jones |url=http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225183000/http://www.samuelgoldwynfilms.com/mr-jones/ |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=1 August 2023 |publisher=[[Samuel Goldwyn Films]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Radish |first=Christina |date=22 June 2020 |title=James Norton on the Timeliness of 'Mr. Jones' and Working with Joss Whedon on HBO's 'The Nevers' |url=https://collider.com/james-norton-mr-jones-the-nevers-interview/ |access-date=1 August 2023 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == Fim din ya lashe kyautar Grand Prix Golden Lions a bikin fina-finai na Poland na 44 a shekarar 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Salwa |first=Ola |date=23 September 2019 |title=''Mr. Jones'' tames the Golden Lions at the Polish Film Festival in Gdynia |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/378608 |access-date=27 October 2019 |website=[[Cineuropa]]}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Kashe-kashen jama'a a karkashin mulkin kwaminisanci == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} * {{IMDb title}} * [http://garethjonessociety.org Ƙungiyar Gareth Jones] {{Agnieszka Holland}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2019]] fsx0nhpb7u067ax6kdohp1msrktyntu 0 148780 828058 2026-04-30T17:52:59Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347488869|Angela Zachepa]]" 828058 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Angela Zachepa-Muluzi''' ƴar [[Malawi|Malawian]] ce kuma '[[ɗan siyasa]] wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki . An san ta da kasancewa ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanta da aka taɓa zabarsa a majalisar dokokin Malawi, inda ta sami taken "Baby of the House".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atupele Muluzi to engage former youngest parliamentarian, Angella Zachepa |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/entertainment/atupele-muluzi-to-engage-former-youngest-parliamentarian-angella-zachepa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523234857/http://www.malawivoice.com/entertainment/atupele-muluzi-to-engage-former-youngest-parliamentarian-angella-zachepa/ |archive-date=2010-05-23 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Malawi Voice}}</ref> == Ilimi da farkon aiki == Zachepa-Muluzi ta sami digiri na farko a cikin Lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Malawi|Jami'ar Malawi, Polytechnic]] . Bayan kammala karatunta, ta fara aikinta a matsayin ƙwararren mai lissafi. == Ayyukan siyasa == A lokacin da take da shekaru 21, an zabi Angela Zachepa-Muluzi a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Blantyre ta Arewa maso Gabas a babban zaben shekara ta 2004. Wannan nasarar ta sanya ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin tarihin Malawi. Ta yi aiki na wa'adi daya kuma ta rasa takarar sake zaben ta a shekarar 2009 ga Cecelia Chanzama, sakamakon da ta yi takara a bainar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EdgeCube.com |title=africanelections.org{{!}} Malawi Election News {{!}}Losing MPs seek court injunctions |url=http://www.africanelections.org/malawi/news/page.php?news=3472 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416164653/http://www.africanelections.org/malawi/news/page.php?news=3472 |archive-date=2023-04-16 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.africanelections.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Angela Zachepa-Muluzi ta auri Austin Muluzi, ɗan tsohon shugaban Malawi Bakili Muluzi . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zachepa, Angela}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] tufshumhqyxzo8eq6063o1hnnd76pqa 828305 828058 2026-05-01T08:51:39Z Mahuta 11340 828305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Angela Zachepa-Muluzi''' ƴar [[Malawi|Malawian]] ce kuma '[[ɗan siyasa]] wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki . An san ta da kasancewa ƙarami mafi ƙanƙanta da aka taɓa zabarsa a majalisar dokokin Malawi, inda ta sami taken "Baby of the House".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atupele Muluzi to engage former youngest parliamentarian, Angella Zachepa |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/entertainment/atupele-muluzi-to-engage-former-youngest-parliamentarian-angella-zachepa/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523234857/http://www.malawivoice.com/entertainment/atupele-muluzi-to-engage-former-youngest-parliamentarian-angella-zachepa/ |archive-date=2010-05-23 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Malawi Voice}}</ref> == Ilimi da farkon aiki == Zachepa-Muluzi ta sami digiri na farko a cikin Lissafi daga [[Jami'ar Malawi|Jami'ar Malawi, Polytechnic]] . Bayan kammala karatunta, ta fara aikinta a matsayin ƙwararren mai lissafi. == Ayyukan siyasa == A lokacin da take da shekaru 21, an zabi Angela Zachepa-Muluzi a matsayin memba na majalisar dokoki na mazabar Blantyre ta Arewa maso Gabas a babban zaben shekara ta 2004. Wannan nasarar ta sanya ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin tarihin Malawi. Ta yi aiki na wa'adi daya kuma ta rasa takarar sake zaben ta a shekarar 2009 ga Cecelia Chanzama, sakamakon da ta yi takara a bainar jama'a.<ref>{{Cite web |last=EdgeCube.com |title=africanelections.org{{!}} Malawi Election News {{!}}Losing MPs seek court injunctions |url=http://www.africanelections.org/malawi/news/page.php?news=3472 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416164653/http://www.africanelections.org/malawi/news/page.php?news=3472 |archive-date=2023-04-16 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.africanelections.org}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Angela Zachepa-Muluzi ta auri Austin Muluzi, ɗan tsohon shugaban Malawi Bakili Muluzi . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zachepa, Angela}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lpfa9vzahps2q6k3g4iz7vgb63nluif 0 148781 828060 2026-04-30T18:08:29Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1262599647|Linda Hamilton (soccer)]]" 828060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a Linda Ann Hamilton''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1969) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka da ta yi ritaya kuma tsohuwar memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Amurka. A halin yanzu ita ce kociyar kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma. An shigar da Hamilton cikin Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Georgia a shekara ta 2001 da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa a shekara ta 2022.<ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |url=http://www.nationalsoccerhof.com/hall-of-famers/2022-hof-inductees.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Hamilton ta girma a yankin [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wheeler inda ta yi wasika a kwallon kafa, kwando, wasan tennis da waƙa. Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Buckhead YMCA da DeKalb Soccer Association a Blackburn Park . <ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx "Linda Hamilton"]. </cite></ref> == Ayyukan wasa == === Jami'ar === Hamilton ta yi shekaru uku na farko na aikinta na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina kafin ta koma Jami'ar North Carolina don buga wa Tar Heels karkashin jagorancin kocin tawagar kasa, Anson Dorrance . A cikin 1990 yayin da take wasa a lokaci guda ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Amurka, Hamilton ta ƙare aikinta na kwaleji a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Tar Heels wacce ta lashe ta biyar daga cikin tara na NCAA a jere. Yayinda take wasa a UNC, Linda Hamilton ta yi aiki a cibiyar kira ta mai sayar da ƙwallon ƙafa [http://www.soccer.com/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/ COM]/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Eurosport / SOCCER. COM tare da abokin aiki Mia Hamm. Dan wasan da aka yi wa ado sosai, Hamilton ta kasance 'yar Amurka sau hudu, sau hudu All-Atlantic Coast Conference selection kuma ta kasance mai cin gaba ga dan wasan kasa na shekara a kowane lokaci na karshe na kwaleji uku.<ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === Hamilton ta buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka daga 1987 zuwa 1995. A shekara ta 1991, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata ta farko a kasar Sin.<ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == Hamilton ta fara aikin horar da ita ta hanyar samun lasisin "A" yayin da take Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fara shirin mata na Old Dominion a 1994. Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan ci gaban 'yan wasa na Richmond Strikers Soccer Club yayin da take aiki a cikakken lokaci a wani aiki. Ta zama mataimakiyar kociya a [[Jami'ar Hofstra]] a shekara ta 2006 sannan daga baya ta zama koci a Jami'an Arewacin Florida a shekara ta 2008. Hamilton ita ce babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Kwalejin Illinois da ke Jacksonville, Illinois . A watan Fabrairun 2015, ta zama babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma da ke Georgetown, Texas . <ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 "Linda Hamilton"]. </cite></ref><ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton "Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton"]. </cite></ref> == Ayyukan gudanar da wasanni == Hamilton ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Kwallon Kafa na Amurka a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka, Gidauniyar Kwallon Kafa da Majalisar 'Yan Wasanni ta Amurka. <ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton "Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton"]. </cite></ref> A shekara ta 2011, ta yi tafiya zuwa Brazil a madadin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don gudanar da asibitocin kwallon kafa tare da tsohon memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa da abokin aiki, Tiffany Roberts Sahaydak . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Receive U.S. Female Soccer Champions |url=http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215183112/http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Consulate}}</ref> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * {{FIFA player|605}} * [http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton Bayanan kwallon kafa na Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 Bayanan kocin Arewacin Florida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx Bayanan da aka sani da gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Georgia] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 0f1orrzdot2lr57ubat9owpvu88be3l 828062 828060 2026-04-30T18:11:21Z Aluja 30485 828062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Ann Hamilton''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1969) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka da ta yi ritaya kuma tsohuwar memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Amurka. A halin yanzu ita ce kociyar kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma. An shigar da Hamilton cikin Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Georgia a shekara ta 2001 da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa a shekara ta 2022.<ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |url=http://www.nationalsoccerhof.com/hall-of-famers/2022-hof-inductees.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Hamilton ta girma a yankin [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wheeler inda ta yi wasika a kwallon kafa, kwando, wasan tennis da waƙa. Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Buckhead YMCA da DeKalb Soccer Association a Blackburn Park . <ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasa == === Jami'ar === Hamilton ta yi shekaru uku na farko na aikinta na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina kafin ta koma Jami'ar North Carolina don buga wa Tar Heels karkashin jagorancin kocin tawagar kasa, Anson Dorrance . A cikin 1990 yayin da take wasa a lokaci guda ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Amurka, Hamilton ta ƙare aikinta na kwaleji a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Tar Heels wacce ta lashe ta biyar daga cikin tara na NCAA a jere. Yayinda take wasa a UNC, Linda Hamilton ta yi aiki a cibiyar kira ta mai sayar da ƙwallon ƙafa [http://www.soccer.com/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/ COM]/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Eurosport / SOCCER. COM tare da abokin aiki Mia Hamm. Dan wasan da aka yi wa ado sosai, Hamilton ta kasance 'yar Amurka sau hudu, sau hudu All-Atlantic Coast Conference selection kuma ta kasance mai cin gaba ga dan wasan kasa na shekara a kowane lokaci na karshe na kwaleji uku.<ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === Hamilton ta buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka daga 1987 zuwa 1995. A shekara ta 1991, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata ta farko a kasar Sin.<ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == Hamilton ta fara aikin horar da ita ta hanyar samun lasisin "A" yayin da take Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fara shirin mata na Old Dominion a 1994. Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan ci gaban 'yan wasa na Richmond Strikers Soccer Club yayin da take aiki a cikakken lokaci a wani aiki. Ta zama mataimakiyar kociya a [[Jami'ar Hofstra]] a shekara ta 2006 sannan daga baya ta zama koci a Jami'an Arewacin Florida a shekara ta 2008. Hamilton ita ce babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Kwalejin Illinois da ke Jacksonville, Illinois . A watan Fabrairun 2015, ta zama babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma da ke Georgetown, Texas . <ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref><ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanar da wasanni == Hamilton ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Kwallon Kafa na Amurka a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka, Gidauniyar Kwallon Kafa da Majalisar 'Yan Wasanni ta Amurka. <ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, ta yi tafiya zuwa Brazil a madadin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don gudanar da asibitocin kwallon kafa tare da tsohon memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa da abokin aiki, Tiffany Roberts Sahaydak . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Receive U.S. Female Soccer Champions |url=http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215183112/http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Consulate}}</ref> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * {{FIFA player|605}} * [http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton Bayanan kwallon kafa na Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 Bayanan kocin Arewacin Florida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx Bayanan da aka sani da gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Georgia] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 72l0qfnlm61lrphzarocaluko8ryd0b 828063 828062 2026-04-30T18:11:59Z Aluja 30485 828063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Linda Ann Hamilton''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1969) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka da ta yi ritaya kuma tsohuwar memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Amurka. A halin yanzu ita ce kociyar kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma. An shigar da Hamilton cikin Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Georgia a shekara ta 2001 da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa a shekara ta 2022.<ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |url=http://www.nationalsoccerhof.com/hall-of-famers/2022-hof-inductees.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Hamilton ta girma a yankin [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wheeler inda ta yi wasika a kwallon kafa, kwando, wasan tennis da waƙa. Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Buckhead YMCA da DeKalb Soccer Association a Blackburn Park . <ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasa == === Jami'ar === Hamilton ta yi shekaru uku na farko na aikinta na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina kafin ta koma Jami'ar North Carolina don buga wa Tar Heels karkashin jagorancin kocin tawagar kasa, Anson Dorrance . A cikin 1990 yayin da take wasa a lokaci guda ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Amurka, Hamilton ta ƙare aikinta na kwaleji a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Tar Heels wacce ta lashe ta biyar daga cikin tara na NCAA a jere. Yayinda take wasa a UNC, Linda Hamilton ta yi aiki a cibiyar kira ta mai sayar da ƙwallon ƙafa [http://www.soccer.com/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/ COM]/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Eurosport / SOCCER. COM tare da abokin aiki Mia Hamm. Dan wasan da aka yi wa ado sosai, Hamilton ta kasance 'yar Amurka sau hudu, sau hudu All-Atlantic Coast Conference selection kuma ta kasance mai cin gaba ga dan wasan kasa na shekara a kowane lokaci na karshe na kwaleji uku.<ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === Hamilton ta buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka daga 1987 zuwa 1995. A shekara ta 1991, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata ta farko a kasar Sin.<ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == Hamilton ta fara aikin horar da ita ta hanyar samun lasisin "A" yayin da take Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fara shirin mata na Old Dominion a 1994. Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan ci gaban 'yan wasa na Richmond Strikers Soccer Club yayin da take aiki a cikakken lokaci a wani aiki. Ta zama mataimakiyar kociya a [[Jami'ar Hofstra]] a shekara ta 2006 sannan daga baya ta zama koci a Jami'an Arewacin Florida a shekara ta 2008. Hamilton ita ce babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Kwalejin Illinois da ke Jacksonville, Illinois . A watan Fabrairun 2015, ta zama babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma da ke Georgetown, Texas . <ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref><ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanar da wasanni == Hamilton ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Kwallon Kafa na Amurka a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka, Gidauniyar Kwallon Kafa da Majalisar 'Yan Wasanni ta Amurka. <ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, ta yi tafiya zuwa Brazil a madadin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don gudanar da asibitocin kwallon kafa tare da tsohon memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa da abokin aiki, Tiffany Roberts Sahaydak . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Receive U.S. Female Soccer Champions |url=http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215183112/http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Consulate}}</ref> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * {{FIFA player|605}} * [http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton Bayanan kwallon kafa na Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 Bayanan kocin Arewacin Florida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx Bayanan da aka sani da gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Georgia] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] lbfcgqnlbj2z75gcpx4ekv8lwdfvdhm 828065 828063 2026-04-30T18:13:17Z Aluja 30485 828065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Linda Ann Hamilton''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1969) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka da ta yi ritaya kuma tsohuwar memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Amurka. A halin yanzu ita ce kociyar kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma. An shigar da Hamilton cikin Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Georgia a shekara ta 2001 da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa a shekara ta 2022.<ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |url=http://www.nationalsoccerhof.com/hall-of-famers/2022-hof-inductees.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Hamilton ta girma a yankin [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wheeler inda ta yi wasika a kwallon kafa, kwando, wasan tennis da waƙa. Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Buckhead YMCA da DeKalb Soccer Association a Blackburn Park . <ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasa == === Jami'ar === Hamilton ta yi shekaru uku na farko na aikinta na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina kafin ta koma Jami'ar North Carolina don buga wa Tar Heels karkashin jagorancin kocin tawagar kasa, Anson Dorrance . A cikin 1990 yayin da take wasa a lokaci guda ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Amurka, Hamilton ta ƙare aikinta na kwaleji a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Tar Heels wacce ta lashe ta biyar daga cikin tara na NCAA a jere. Yayinda take wasa a UNC, Linda Hamilton ta yi aiki a cibiyar kira ta mai sayar da ƙwallon ƙafa [http://www.soccer.com/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/ COM]/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Eurosport / SOCCER. COM tare da abokin aiki Mia Hamm. Dan wasan da aka yi wa ado sosai, Hamilton ta kasance 'yar Amurka sau hudu, sau hudu All-Atlantic Coast Conference selection kuma ta kasance mai cin gaba ga dan wasan kasa na shekara a kowane lokaci na karshe na kwaleji uku.<ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === Hamilton ta buga wa tawagar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka daga 1987 zuwa 1995. A shekara ta 1991, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata ta farko a kasar Sin.<ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == Hamilton ta fara aikin horar da ita ta hanyar samun lasisin "A" yayin da take Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fara shirin mata na Old Dominion a 1994. Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan ci gaban 'yan wasa na Richmond Strikers Soccer Club yayin da take aiki a cikakken lokaci a wani aiki. Ta zama mataimakiyar kociya a [[Jami'ar Hofstra]] a shekara ta 2006 sannan daga baya ta zama koci a Jami'an Arewacin Florida a shekara ta 2008. Hamilton ita ce babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Kwalejin Illinois da ke Jacksonville, Illinois . A watan Fabrairun 2015, ta zama babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma da ke Georgetown, Texas . <ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref><ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanar da wasanni == Hamilton ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Kwallon Kafa na Amurka a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka, Gidauniyar Kwallon Kafa da Majalisar 'Yan Wasanni ta Amurka. <ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, ta yi tafiya zuwa Brazil a madadin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don gudanar da asibitocin kwallon kafa tare da tsohon memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa da abokin aiki, Tiffany Roberts Sahaydak . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Receive U.S. Female Soccer Champions |url=http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215183112/http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Consulate}}</ref> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * {{FIFA player|605}} * [http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton Bayanan kwallon kafa na Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 Bayanan kocin Arewacin Florida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx Bayanan da aka sani da gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Georgia] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] rb3z3p56dp8sprr8kr45aq7r7emj4bm 828286 828065 2026-05-01T07:11:13Z Mahuta 11340 828286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Linda Ann Hamilton''' (an haife ta a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1969) 'yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta Amurka da ta yi ritaya kuma tsohuwar memba ce ta ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙwallon mata ta ƙasar Amurka. A halin yanzu ita ce kociyar kungiyar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma. An shigar da Hamilton cikin Hall of Fame na Kwallon Kafa na Georgia a shekara ta 2001 da kuma Hall of Fame ta Kwallon Kafa ta Kasa a shekara ta 2022.<ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |url=http://www.nationalsoccerhof.com/hall-of-famers/2022-hof-inductees.html |access-date=2023-12-18 |website=Clint Dempsey, Hope Solo, Shannon Boxx Headline the National Soccer Hall of Fame’s 2022 Class {{!}} National Soccer Hall of Fame |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko == Hamilton ta girma a yankin [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] kuma ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Wheeler inda ta yi wasika a kwallon kafa, kwando, wasan tennis da waƙa. Ta buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tare da Buckhead YMCA da DeKalb Soccer Association a Blackburn Park . <ref name="gahof">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx |archive-date=April 7, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=Georgia Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan wasa == === Jami'ar === Hamilton ta yi shekaru uku na farko na aikinta na kwaleji a Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina kafin ta koma Jami'ar North Carolina don buga wa Tar Heels ƙarƙashin jagorancin kocin tawagar kasa, Anson Dorrance . A cikin 1990 yayin da take wasa a lokaci guda ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta ƙasar Amurka, Hamilton ta ƙare aikinta na kwaleji a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar Tar Heels wacce ta lashe ta biyar daga cikin tara na NCAA a jere. Yayinda take wasa a UNC, Linda Hamilton ta yi aiki a cibiyar kira ta mai sayar da ƙwallon ƙafa [http://www.soccer.com/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/ COM]/guide/1984-the-birth-of-eurosport/" id="mwLQ" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Eurosport / SOCCER. COM tare da abokin aiki Mia Hamm. Dan wasan da aka yi wa ado sosai, Hamilton ta kasance 'yar Amurka sau hudu, sau hudu All-Atlantic Coast Conference selection kuma ta kasance mai cin gaba ga dan wasan kasa na shekara a kowane lokaci na karshe na kwaleji uku.<ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref> === Kasashen Duniya === Hamilton ta buga wa tawagar ƙwallon kafa ta mata ta Amurka daga 1987 zuwa 1995. A shekara ta 1991, ta kasance daga cikin tawagar da ta lashe gasar cin Kofin Duniya na Mata ta farko a kasar Sin.<ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan horarwa == Hamilton ta fara aikin horar da ita ta hanyar samun lasisin "A" yayin da take Arewacin Carolina kuma ta fara shirin mata na Old Dominion a 1994. Ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan ci gaban 'yan wasa na Richmond Strikers Soccer Club yayin da take aiki a cikakken lokaci a wani aiki. Ta zama mataimakiyar kociya a [[Jami'ar Hofstra]] a shekara ta 2006 sannan daga baya ta zama koci a Jami'an Arewacin Florida a shekara ta 2008. Hamilton ita ce babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Kwalejin Illinois da ke Jacksonville, Illinois . A watan Fabrairun 2015, ta zama babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata a Jami'ar Kudu maso Yamma da ke Georgetown, Texas . <ref name="coach_bio">{{Cite web |title=Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=University of North Florida}}</ref><ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> == Ayyukan gudanar da wasanni == Hamilton ya ci gaba da kasancewa tare da Kwallon Kafa na Amurka a matsayin memba na kwamitin daraktoci tare da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Amurka, Gidauniyar Kwallon Kafa da Majalisar 'Yan Wasanni ta Amurka. <ref name="us_watn">{{Cite web |title=Where Are They Now: U.S. WNT Midfielder Linda Hamilton |url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Soccer}}</ref> A shekara ta 2011, ta yi tafiya zuwa Brazil a madadin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka don gudanar da asibitocin kwallon kafa tare da tsohon memba na ƙungiyar ƙasa da abokin aiki, Tiffany Roberts Sahaydak . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Receive U.S. Female Soccer Champions |url=http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215183112/http://riodejaneiro.usconsulate.gov/pr-06222011.html |archive-date=February 15, 2013 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |publisher=US Consulate}}</ref> == Duba kuma == == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} == Haɗin waje == * {{FIFA player|605}} * [http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2014/03/17/13/15/where-are-they-now-us-wnt-midfielder-linda-hamilton Bayanan kwallon kafa na Amurka] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140110182925/http://www.unfospreys.com/coaches.aspx?rc=302 Bayanan kocin Arewacin Florida] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100640/http://www.georgiasoccer.org/about/hall-of-fame-linda-hamilton.aspx Bayanan da aka sani da gidan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Georgia] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]] 8etx6brnu6qewh3vfmydivzqnfm07j7 0 148782 828064 2026-04-30T18:13:15Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340748796|Esther Ballestrino]]" 828064 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Esther Ballestrino na Careaga''' (20 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1918 - ta ɓace 17 ko 18 ga watan Disamba shekara ta 1977) ta kasance masanin kimiyyar halittu kuma mai fafutukar siyasa a [[Paraguay]]. Ta fi shahara da alaƙar da take da ita da [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] na gaba da kuma tilasta bacewar ta (sarraba da kisan kai) a Argentina ta hanyar mulkin kama-karya na soja na Tsarin sake tsarawa na kasa (1976-1983). Ta taimaka wajen gano Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, wanda ya shirya zanga-zangar da uwaye na yara da suka ɓace suka dauka da hukumomi suka dauka. == Rayuwa == An haifi Ballestrino a Paraguay, inda ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilmin sunadarai a Jami'ar Asunción . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=enciclopedia delle donne: Ballestrino de Careaga Esther |url=https://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/edd.nsf/biografie/esther-ballestrino-de-careaga |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=www.enciclopediadelledonne.it |language=it}}</ref> Ta zama mai aiki a siyasa a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar Socialist February Revolutionary Party; daga baya ta kafa kuma ta jagoranci [[Women's Movement of Paraguay|Ƙungiyar Mata ta Paraguay]] . Siyasa ta kasance mai haɗari a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja na Higinio Morínigo, kuma dole ne ta bar ƙasar a 1947. A Argentina, ta yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya mata uku, Esther Careaga, Mabel Careaga, da Ana María Careaga . <ref name=":0" /> Ta yi aiki a sashen abinci a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Hickethier-Bachmann a Buenos Aires, inda daya daga cikin ma'aikatanta Jorge Mario Bergoglio, wanda daga baya zai zama [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]]. Ya tuna yana aiki a gare ta da kuma kulawarta ga daki-daki. Daga baya ya yi sharhi cewa Marxists na iya zama mutane masu kyau, kuma ya ga Ballestrino a matsayin babban tasiri a kansa. An ce Ballestrino ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama shugaban shugaban shugaban shugaban Kirista na gaba. A shekara ta 1976, an sace surukan Ballestrino guda biyu, Manuel Carlos Cuevas da Ives Domergue, kuma sun ɓace. An yaba wa Ballestrino da taimakawa wajen gano Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo wanda ya shirya uwaye na yara da suka ɓace suna zanga-zanga a Plaza de Mayo . A shekara ta gaba, 'yarta mai ciki Ana Maria Careaga ta kuma sace ta a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1977 ta hannun hukumomi kuma ta azabtar da ita. Ballestrino ta tuntubi abokinta, [[Francis (fafaroma)|Jorge Mario Bergoglio]], kuma ta nemi ya zo ya ba da al'adun karshe ga dangi. Katolika Bergoglio ya yi mamakin, saboda ya san cewa Ballestrino Marxist ne. Lokacin da ya isa, ya fahimci cewa ainihin niyyar Ballestrino shine ya fitar da tarin littattafan kwaminisanci na iyali. Ballestrino ta damu da cewa waɗannan littattafan za su kai ga kama ta idan aka bincika gida. Bergoglio ya yi kamar yadda aka nema kuma ya fitar da littattafan. == Yunkurin siyasa a Paraguay == Bellestrino ya zama mai aiki a siyasa a Paraguay a cikin shekarun 1940, ya shiga jam'iyyar Socialist Revolutionary Febrerista Party, sannan kuma Unión Democrática de Mujeres, ƙungiyar mata da ta taru a kan mulkin kama karya. Ayyukanta a Paraguay an tsara su ne a kan gwamnatin soja a karkashin Higinio Moríngo, wanda ya yi niyya ga ƙungiyoyin adawa da ƙuntata sauye-sauyen siyasa. Bayanan shaidu daga 'yarta, Mabel, sun bayyana jajircewar Ballestrino ga gwagwarmayar hadin gwiwa, suna jaddada cewa ta kalli gwagwarmaya da mulkin kama karya fiye da iyalinta ga duk wadanda suka ɓace daga tashin hankali na jihar.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Galante |first=Miguel A. |title="Madres de Plaza de Mayo desaparecidas: Esther Balestrino de Careaga, militante de exilio paraguayo, en la subjetividad de sus hijas" //// "Missing Mothers of Plaza de Mayo: Mrs. Esther Ballestrino de Careaga, militant exiled in Paraguay since the subjectivity of her daughters" |url=https://www.academia.edu/23837116/_Madres_de_Plaza_de_Mayo_desaparecidas_Esther_Balestrino_de_Careaga_militante_de_exilio_paraguayo_en_la_subjetividad_de_sus_hijas_Missing_Mothers_of_Plaza_de_Mayo_Mrs_Esther_Ballestrino_de_Careaga_militant_exiled_in_Paraguay_since_the_subjectivity_of_her_daughters_ |journal=Historia, Voces y Memoria. Revista del Programa de Historia Oral |volume=3}}</ref> Ta yi aiki don tallafawa iyalai waɗanda ƙaunatattun su suka ɓace, ta tsara aikinta a matsayin ɗabi'a da siyasa. Shirye-shiryen Ballestrino zai haifar da tsanantawa kuma ya tilasta zuwa gudun hijira a Argentina. Tare da wannan gudun hijira, gwagwarmayarta ta fadada amma ta sanya kanta a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kasa da kasa waɗanda suka haɗa gwagwarmaya da mulkin kama karya da buƙatar amsoshi ga waɗanda abin ya shafa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=enciclopedia delle donne: Ballestrino de Careaga Esther |url=https://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/edd.nsf/biografie/esther-ballestrino-de-careaga |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=www.enciclopediadelledonne.it |language=it}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Galante |first=Miguel A. |title="Madres de Plaza de Mayo desaparecidas: Esther Balestrino de Careaga, militante de exilio paraguayo, en la subjetividad de sus hijas" //// "Missing Mothers of Plaza de Mayo: Mrs. Esther Ballestrino de Careaga, militant exiled in Paraguay since the subjectivity of her daughters" |url=https://www.academia.edu/23837116/_Madres_de_Plaza_de_Mayo_desaparecidas_Esther_Balestrino_de_Careaga_militante_de_exilio_paraguayo_en_la_subjetividad_de_sus_hijas_Missing_Mothers_of_Plaza_de_Mayo_Mrs_Esther_Ballestrino_de_Careaga_militant_exiled_in_Paraguay_since_the_subjectivity_of_her_daughters_ |journal=Historia, Voces y Memoria. Revista del Programa de Historia Oral |volume=3}}</ref> == Gudun hijira da gwagwarmaya a Argentina == Bayan da ta yi gudun hijira daga Paraguay, Ballestrino ta ci gaba da shirya siyasa da mata a Argentina. Ta zama ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, wanda aka kafa a 1977 wanda ke buƙatar bayani game da mutanen da suka ɓace a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na soja.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trigona |first=Marie |date=2010-10-22 |title=Argentina's Mothers of Plaza de Mayo: A Living Legacy of Hope and Human Rights |url=https://truthout.org/articles/argentinas-mothers-of-plaza-de-mayo-a-living-legacy-of-hope-and-human-rights/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Truthout |language=en-US}}</ref> Wannan motsi ya canza baƙin ciki na sirri zuwa zanga-zangar jama'a ta hanyar shiga cikin zanga-zambe a wuraren Buenos Aires a matsayin alama ce ta juriya game da zalunci na jihar. Ballestrino ya yi aiki tare da wasu masu gwagwarmaya, kamar su Azucena Villa flor da María Ponce de Bianco, a cikin rubuce-rubuce da shirya tafiye-tafiye, Tare, matan sun nemi matsawa gwamnati don bayyana bayanan wadanda suka ɓace da kuma riƙe wadanda ke da alhakin keta haƙƙin ɗan adam. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=enciclopedia delle donne: Ballestrino de Careaga Esther |url=https://www.enciclopediadelledonne.it/edd.nsf/biografie/esther-ballestrino-de-careaga |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=www.enciclopediadelledonne.it |language=it}}</ref> == Tasirin Paparoma Francis == Yayinda yake aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje na asibiti na Hickethier-Bachmann, Ballestrino ya kula da kuma jagorantar Jorge Bergoglio mai shekaru 16 a lokacin, wanda daga baya aka sani da Paparoma Francis. Labaran sun bayyana ta a matsayin mutum mai tasiri a kan tunaninsa na siyasa da na ɗabi'a. Ta gabatar da Bergoglio ga ra'ayoyin Marxist kuma ta ƙarfafa shi ya yi tunani game da adalci da siyasa, da kuma yin magana ga waɗanda aka zalunta ko kuma ba su da murya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=REDACCION |date=2025-04-22 |title=La mujer que marcó al papa Francisco y terminó arrojada al mar |url=https://palermonline.com.ar/wordpress/la-mujer-que-marco-al-papa-francisco-y-termino-arrojada-al-mar/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=es}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Red |first=Argentina en |date=2025-04-24 |title=Una mujer común, un cura, y un papado para la memoria de futuras generaciones |url=https://www.argentinaenred.com/2025/04/24/una-mujer-comun-un-cura-y-un-papado-para-la-memoria-de-futuras-generaciones/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Argentina en Red |language=es-AR}}</ref> Jagorancinta ya tsara aikin farko na Bergoglio don taimakawa matalauta da bin adalci na zamantakewa, yana ba da tsarin ɗabi'a wanda ya jaddada gwagwarmayar hadin gwiwa da kare waɗanda ba su da murya. Jagoranta ya haɗa asalin kimiyya da gwagwarmayar siyasa zuwa ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a masu yawa, waɗanda Bergoglio daga baya zai yarda ya rinjayi tunaninsa game da jagoranci da sanin zamantakewa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Red |first=Argentina en |date=2025-04-24 |title=Una mujer común, un cura, y un papado para la memoria de futuras generaciones |url=https://www.argentinaenred.com/2025/04/24/una-mujer-comun-un-cura-y-un-papado-para-la-memoria-de-futuras-generaciones/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |website=Argentina en Red |language=es-AR}}</ref> Tasirin Ballestrino ya nuna yadda 'yan gwagwarmayar mata da Marxist suka ba da gudummawa ga tunanin ɗabi'a da addini a Argentina a lokacin mulkin kama karya.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=REDACCION |date=2025-04-22 |title=La mujer que marcó al papa Francisco y terminó arrojada al mar |url=https://palermonline.com.ar/wordpress/la-mujer-que-marco-al-papa-francisco-y-termino-arrojada-al-mar/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=es}}</ref> == Satar da kuma kisan kai == A watan Disamba na shekara ta 1977, Ballestrino, tare da Sisters Alice da Léonie da sauran Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, sun shirya buƙatar sunayen waɗanda suka ɓace da kuma gwamnati ta bayyana inda suke. An yada ''Ƙasar'' a cikin jaridar La Nación a ranar 10 ga Disamba, 1977. Kyaftin din Sojan Ruwa Alfredo Astiz ya shiga cikin Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, kuma hukumomi sun matsa wa shugabannin kungiyar. Sojojin tsaro sun kwace Ballestrino da [[María Ponce na Bianco]] a [[Church of Santa Cruz (Buenos Aires)|Cocin Santa Cruz]] a cikin garin Buenos Aires. An kai matan zuwa cibiyar tsare-tsare da ake kira The Navy Mechanics School (ESMA) <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=REDACCION |date=2025-04-22 |title=La mujer que marcó al papa Francisco y terminó arrojada al mar |url=https://palermonline.com.ar/wordpress/la-mujer-que-marco-al-papa-francisco-y-termino-arrojada-al-mar/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=es}}</ref> ta hanyar jami'an tsaro na Argentina, inda aka azabtar da su sannan aka jefa su cikin teku daga jirgin sama yayin da ake zaton har yanzu suna da rai, wani abu da ake kira jirgin mutuwa. Bayanan shaidu daga 'ya'yanta mata sun ba da jadawalin lokaci game da gudun hijira, sacewar Ballestrino, da kuma tabbatar da mutuwarta. Kokarin dangin don dawo da gawarwakinta da cikakkun bayanai game da mutuwarta ya ɗauki kimanin shekaru 30 saboda taimakon kungiyar Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team, tana ba da rufewa yayin da take jaddada zaluncin tashin hankali na jihar Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-05 |title="My mother was a revolutionary who taught us to feel the pain of others as our own" - Latin america News |url=https://latin-american.news/my-mother-was-a-revolutionary-who-taught-us-to-feel-the-pain-of-others-as-our-own/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Neman ragowar == A ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1977, an gano gawawwakin kusa da wuraren wanka na Santa Teresita da Mar del Tuyú. Binciken bincike ya tabbatar da dalilin mutuwar ya zama "hadari a kan abubuwa masu wuya daga tsawo mai tsawo". An kammala wannan daga nau'in karyewar ƙashi da aka ci gaba kafin mutuwa. Ba tare da ƙarin bincike ba, an sanya gawarwakin a cikin kaburbura marasa alama a cikin makabartar garin Janar Lavalle. Sun kasance a can na ɗan lokaci.<ref name="rio" /> Hukumar Kasa kan bacewar mutane da kuma Shari'ar Juntas ta jagoranci a shekarar 1984 zuwa fitar da gawawwakin a makabartar Janar Lavalle. Binciken ya nuna ƙasusuwan da suka kasance na gawarwakin da aka samu a bakin rairayin bakin teku na San Bernardo da La Lucila del Mar. An yi amfani da wannan shaidar a cikin shari'ar da Alkalin Horacio Cattani ya yi wa Juntas. Ba har zuwa shekara ta 2003 ba ne ƙarin bayani ya haifar da ƙarin binciken gawawwakin da kungiyar Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team ta yi, wanda ya gano gawawwakuna takwas, gami da mata biyar da suka ɓace a 1977: Ballestrino, [[Azucena Villaflor]], [[María Ponce na Bianco]], Angela Auad, da Sister [[Léonie Duquet]]. Dokar dokokin Argentina da aka sani da Ley de Punto Final da Ley de Obediencia Debida sun kawo karshen ci gaba da bincike, saboda yanzu an ɗauka cewa wadanda ke da hannu suna bin umarni. Cattani yana da shaidar da aka bayyana a matsayin "mita murabba'i 40" a shekarar 1995. An sake binne dukkan gawawwakin a lambun cocin Santa Cruz. Ba a sami ragowar Sister [[Alice Domon]] ba kuma sun ɓace. == Ilimi daga gwamnatin Amurka == Takardun daga gwamnatin Amurka, waɗanda aka bayyana a shekara ta 2002, sun nuna cewa gwamnatin Amurka ta san a shekara ta 1978 cewa an sami gawarwakin 'yan majami'ar Faransa Alice Domon da Léonie Duquet, da Madres de Plaza de Mayo Azucena Villaflor, Esther Ballestrino, da María Ponce, a kan rairayin bakin teku na Lardin Buenos Aires. An bayyana wannan sirri a cikin Takaddar #1978-BUENOS-02346, wanda tsohon Jakadan Amurka a Argentina, Raúl Castro, ya shirya don Sakataren Gwamnatin Amurka. An rubuta shi a ranar 30 ga Maris, 1978, kuma yana da layin batun "Rahoton mutuwar nun". Takardar ta ce:<blockquote>1. Labarin A.F.P. Maris 28 da aka gabatar daga Paris ya ba da rahoton cewa an gano gawarwakin 'yan majami'ar Faransa biyu (Alicia Doman da Renée Duguet) (sic) waɗanda aka sace a tsakiyar watan Disamba tare da wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin dan adam goma sha ɗaya daga cikin gawawwakin kusa da Bahía Blanca. 2. Buenos Aires ta cika da irin wannan jita-jita sama da wata daya da suka gabata bisa ga asusun gano gawawwakin da iska mai karfi ta hanyar Tekun Atlantika, yana nuna kusa da bakin Kogin La Plata kimanin kilomita 300-350 zuwa arewacin Bahía Blanca. 3. (Sunan da aka gyara), wanda ke ƙoƙarin bin diddigin waɗannan jita-jita, yana da bayanan sirri cewa jami'an tsaro na Argentina sun sace 'yan majami'ar kuma a wani lokaci an tura su kurkuku da ke garin [[Buenos Aires]]">Junín, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 150 a yammacin Buenos Aires. 4. Ofishin Jakadancin kuma yana da bayanan sirri ta hanyar tushen gwamnatin Argentina (mai kariya) cewa an gano gawawwaki bakwai da suka gabata a bakin rairayin bakin teku kusa da Mar del Plata. A cewar wannan tushe, gawarwakin sune na nunan biyu da uwaye biyar da suka ɓace tsakanin Disamba 8 da Disamba 10, 1977. Tushenmu ya tabbatar da cewa mambobin jami'an tsaro da ke aiki a karkashin babban umarni game da 'yan ta'adda da masu tayar da kayar baya ne suka tsare wadannan mutane. Tushen ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa mutane kalilan a GOA sun san wannan bayanin. 5. Tushen ya ba da rahoton abin dogaro a baya, kuma muna da dalilin yin imani da shi amintacce ne game da tambayoyin bacewar.</blockquote> == Kyauta == A cikin 2014, [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]] ya sadu da mijin daya daga cikin 'ya'yan Ballestrino wanda ya zauna a gudun hijira a [[Sweden]]. == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1918]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fiyipu3i02302kmr9zg4n51bjo5dze3 0 148783 828066 2026-04-30T18:18:23Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342410177|Devin Voisin]]" 828066 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa Devin Gabriel Voisin (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Voisin a Birnin Oklahoma, Oklahoma, kuma ya girma a can har zuwa aji na farko lokacin da shi da iyalinsa suka koma [[Jamus]]. Sun koma Amurka a cikin 2013, sun zauna a Crestview, Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Sibling Rivalry: Voisin Twins Pushing Each Other to Excel in 2022 |url=https://usajaguars.com/news/2022/9/2/football-sibling-rivalry-voisin-twins-pushing-each-other-to-excel-in-2022.aspx |access-date=March 10, 2025 |website=usajaguars.com}}</ref> Voisin ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Crestview a Crestview kuma ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama a kan tayin daga wasu makarantu kamar Troy, Jihar Appalachian, da Georgia ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Pick your Voisin: Trio of brothers could all make impact for South Alabama in 2019 |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2019/08/pick-your-voisin-trio-of-brothers-could-all-make-impact-for-south-alabama-in-2019.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin shekaru uku na farko daga 2019 zuwa 2021, Voisin ya kama kwallaye biyu don yadudduka shida a wasanni 27 da aka buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devin Voisin |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/devin-voisin-1.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya buga 64 receptions don 867 yadudduka da biyar touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Voisin twins playing together for final time at South Alabama in Salute to Veterans Bowl |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/12/voisin-twins-playing-together-for-final-time-at-south-alabama-in-salute-to-veterans-bowl.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2023, Voisin ya bayyana ne kawai a wasanni biyu kafin ya sami rauni a gwiwa, ya gama da kama biyar don yadudduka 77 da kuma touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Devin Voisin back on field for first South Alabama preseason practice |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/07/devin-voisin-back-on-field-for-first-south-alabama-preseason-practice.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya sami jimillar liyafa 34 don yadudduka 407.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=‘Old’ Devin Voisin healthy, primed for seventh season at South Alabama |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/07/old-devin-voisin-healthy-primed-for-seventh-season-at-south-alabama.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na 2 na kakar 2025, Voisin ya yi rikodin liyafa takwas don yadudduka 152 da kuma touchdowns biyu da Tulane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hicks |first=Tommy |title=Jags’ Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.lagniappemobile.com/sports/jags-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster/article_725e34a5-8f87-47ee-813c-303b979c6908.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Lagniappe Daily}}</ref> Ya gama kakar 2025 tare da kama 67 don yadudduka 775 da kuma touchdowns hudu a cikin 11 farawa, yayin da ya dawo da punts 11 don yaduddusa 125.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cochran |first=Emily |title=South Alabama receiver accepts Panini Senior Bowl invite |url=https://www.fox10tv.com/2026/01/23/south-alabama-receiver-accepts-panini-senior-bowl-invite/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=FOX 10 News}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na shekaru bakwai, Voisin ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 67 na rikodin makaranta, jimlar 172 receptions don yadudduka 2,133 da kuma goma touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=No. 1: Devin Voisin reaches end of long, decorated South Alabama career |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/11/no-1-devin-voisin-reaches-end-of-long-decorated-south-alabama-career.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar 2025, ya karɓi gayyatar zuwa Babban Bowl na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=South Alabama’s Devin Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2026/01/south-alabamas-devin-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Voisin ɗan tagwaye ne na tsohon mai tsaron gida na Kudancin Alabama Jaden Voisin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Double-double: South Alabama is rare college football team with 2 sets of twins |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/08/double-double-south-alabama-is-rare-college-football-team-with-2-sets-of-twins.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achantz |first=Brian |date=16 November 2018 |title=Crestview's Voisin twins combine for hot start to eliminate Pine Forest |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/football/2018/11/16/crestviews-voisin-twins-combine-hot-start-eliminate-pine-forest/1990396002/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://usajaguars.com/sports/football/roster/devin-voisin/12417 Kudancin Alabama Jaguars bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 9bnjasw37pymk67mfxr57j1ah6tquk6 828067 828066 2026-04-30T18:18:52Z Aluja 30485 828067 wikitext text/x-wiki Devin Gabriel Voisin (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Voisin a Birnin Oklahoma, Oklahoma, kuma ya girma a can har zuwa aji na farko lokacin da shi da iyalinsa suka koma [[Jamus]]. Sun koma Amurka a cikin 2013, sun zauna a Crestview, Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Sibling Rivalry: Voisin Twins Pushing Each Other to Excel in 2022 |url=https://usajaguars.com/news/2022/9/2/football-sibling-rivalry-voisin-twins-pushing-each-other-to-excel-in-2022.aspx |access-date=March 10, 2025 |website=usajaguars.com}}</ref> Voisin ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Crestview a Crestview kuma ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama a kan tayin daga wasu makarantu kamar Troy, Jihar Appalachian, da Georgia ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Pick your Voisin: Trio of brothers could all make impact for South Alabama in 2019 |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2019/08/pick-your-voisin-trio-of-brothers-could-all-make-impact-for-south-alabama-in-2019.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin shekaru uku na farko daga 2019 zuwa 2021, Voisin ya kama kwallaye biyu don yadudduka shida a wasanni 27 da aka buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devin Voisin |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/devin-voisin-1.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya buga 64 receptions don 867 yadudduka da biyar touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Voisin twins playing together for final time at South Alabama in Salute to Veterans Bowl |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/12/voisin-twins-playing-together-for-final-time-at-south-alabama-in-salute-to-veterans-bowl.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2023, Voisin ya bayyana ne kawai a wasanni biyu kafin ya sami rauni a gwiwa, ya gama da kama biyar don yadudduka 77 da kuma touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Devin Voisin back on field for first South Alabama preseason practice |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/07/devin-voisin-back-on-field-for-first-south-alabama-preseason-practice.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya sami jimillar liyafa 34 don yadudduka 407.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=‘Old’ Devin Voisin healthy, primed for seventh season at South Alabama |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/07/old-devin-voisin-healthy-primed-for-seventh-season-at-south-alabama.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na 2 na kakar 2025, Voisin ya yi rikodin liyafa takwas don yadudduka 152 da kuma touchdowns biyu da Tulane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hicks |first=Tommy |title=Jags’ Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.lagniappemobile.com/sports/jags-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster/article_725e34a5-8f87-47ee-813c-303b979c6908.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Lagniappe Daily}}</ref> Ya gama kakar 2025 tare da kama 67 don yadudduka 775 da kuma touchdowns hudu a cikin 11 farawa, yayin da ya dawo da punts 11 don yaduddusa 125.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cochran |first=Emily |title=South Alabama receiver accepts Panini Senior Bowl invite |url=https://www.fox10tv.com/2026/01/23/south-alabama-receiver-accepts-panini-senior-bowl-invite/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=FOX 10 News}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na shekaru bakwai, Voisin ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 67 na rikodin makaranta, jimlar 172 receptions don yadudduka 2,133 da kuma goma touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=No. 1: Devin Voisin reaches end of long, decorated South Alabama career |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/11/no-1-devin-voisin-reaches-end-of-long-decorated-south-alabama-career.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar 2025, ya karɓi gayyatar zuwa Babban Bowl na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=South Alabama’s Devin Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2026/01/south-alabamas-devin-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Voisin ɗan tagwaye ne na tsohon mai tsaron gida na Kudancin Alabama Jaden Voisin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Double-double: South Alabama is rare college football team with 2 sets of twins |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/08/double-double-south-alabama-is-rare-college-football-team-with-2-sets-of-twins.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achantz |first=Brian |date=16 November 2018 |title=Crestview's Voisin twins combine for hot start to eliminate Pine Forest |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/football/2018/11/16/crestviews-voisin-twins-combine-hot-start-eliminate-pine-forest/1990396002/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://usajaguars.com/sports/football/roster/devin-voisin/12417 Kudancin Alabama Jaguars bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 337604et0ogutkq31yv6sugjyn46yle 828068 828067 2026-04-30T18:19:29Z Aluja 30485 828068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Devin Gabriel Voisin (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Voisin a Birnin Oklahoma, Oklahoma, kuma ya girma a can har zuwa aji na farko lokacin da shi da iyalinsa suka koma [[Jamus]]. Sun koma Amurka a cikin 2013, sun zauna a Crestview, Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Sibling Rivalry: Voisin Twins Pushing Each Other to Excel in 2022 |url=https://usajaguars.com/news/2022/9/2/football-sibling-rivalry-voisin-twins-pushing-each-other-to-excel-in-2022.aspx |access-date=March 10, 2025 |website=usajaguars.com}}</ref> Voisin ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Crestview a Crestview kuma ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama a kan tayin daga wasu makarantu kamar Troy, Jihar Appalachian, da Georgia ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Pick your Voisin: Trio of brothers could all make impact for South Alabama in 2019 |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2019/08/pick-your-voisin-trio-of-brothers-could-all-make-impact-for-south-alabama-in-2019.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin shekaru uku na farko daga 2019 zuwa 2021, Voisin ya kama kwallaye biyu don yadudduka shida a wasanni 27 da aka buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devin Voisin |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/devin-voisin-1.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya buga 64 receptions don 867 yadudduka da biyar touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Voisin twins playing together for final time at South Alabama in Salute to Veterans Bowl |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/12/voisin-twins-playing-together-for-final-time-at-south-alabama-in-salute-to-veterans-bowl.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2023, Voisin ya bayyana ne kawai a wasanni biyu kafin ya sami rauni a gwiwa, ya gama da kama biyar don yadudduka 77 da kuma touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Devin Voisin back on field for first South Alabama preseason practice |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/07/devin-voisin-back-on-field-for-first-south-alabama-preseason-practice.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya sami jimillar liyafa 34 don yadudduka 407.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=‘Old’ Devin Voisin healthy, primed for seventh season at South Alabama |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/07/old-devin-voisin-healthy-primed-for-seventh-season-at-south-alabama.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na 2 na kakar 2025, Voisin ya yi rikodin liyafa takwas don yadudduka 152 da kuma touchdowns biyu da Tulane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hicks |first=Tommy |title=Jags’ Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.lagniappemobile.com/sports/jags-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster/article_725e34a5-8f87-47ee-813c-303b979c6908.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Lagniappe Daily}}</ref> Ya gama kakar 2025 tare da kama 67 don yadudduka 775 da kuma touchdowns hudu a cikin 11 farawa, yayin da ya dawo da punts 11 don yaduddusa 125.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cochran |first=Emily |title=South Alabama receiver accepts Panini Senior Bowl invite |url=https://www.fox10tv.com/2026/01/23/south-alabama-receiver-accepts-panini-senior-bowl-invite/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=FOX 10 News}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na shekaru bakwai, Voisin ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 67 na rikodin makaranta, jimlar 172 receptions don yadudduka 2,133 da kuma goma touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=No. 1: Devin Voisin reaches end of long, decorated South Alabama career |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/11/no-1-devin-voisin-reaches-end-of-long-decorated-south-alabama-career.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar 2025, ya karɓi gayyatar zuwa Babban Bowl na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=South Alabama’s Devin Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2026/01/south-alabamas-devin-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Voisin ɗan tagwaye ne na tsohon mai tsaron gida na Kudancin Alabama Jaden Voisin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Double-double: South Alabama is rare college football team with 2 sets of twins |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/08/double-double-south-alabama-is-rare-college-football-team-with-2-sets-of-twins.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achantz |first=Brian |date=16 November 2018 |title=Crestview's Voisin twins combine for hot start to eliminate Pine Forest |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/football/2018/11/16/crestviews-voisin-twins-combine-hot-start-eliminate-pine-forest/1990396002/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://usajaguars.com/sports/football/roster/devin-voisin/12417 Kudancin Alabama Jaguars bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] 6xihc7913qk4vpmilcjjmgt5csefujs 828285 828068 2026-05-01T07:05:30Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Devin Gabriel Voisin''' (an haife shi a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Jaguars da ke Kudancin Alabama. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Voisin a Birnin Oklahoma, Oklahoma, kuma ya girma a can har zuwa aji na farko lokacin da shi da iyalinsa suka koma [[Jamus]]. Sun koma Amurka a cikin 2013, sun zauna a Crestview, Florida.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Sibling Rivalry: Voisin Twins Pushing Each Other to Excel in 2022 |url=https://usajaguars.com/news/2022/9/2/football-sibling-rivalry-voisin-twins-pushing-each-other-to-excel-in-2022.aspx |access-date=March 10, 2025 |website=usajaguars.com}}</ref> Voisin ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Crestview a Crestview kuma ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ga Jaguars na Kudancin Alabama a kan tayin daga wasu makarantu kamar Troy, Jihar Appalachian, da Georgia ta Kudu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Pick your Voisin: Trio of brothers could all make impact for South Alabama in 2019 |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2019/08/pick-your-voisin-trio-of-brothers-could-all-make-impact-for-south-alabama-in-2019.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == A cikin shekaru uku na farko daga 2019 zuwa 2021, Voisin ya kama kwallaye biyu don yadudduka shida a wasanni 27 da aka buga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devin Voisin |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/devin-voisin-1.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Sports Reference}}</ref> A cikin 2022, ya buga 64 receptions don 867 yadudduka da biyar touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Voisin twins playing together for final time at South Alabama in Salute to Veterans Bowl |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/12/voisin-twins-playing-together-for-final-time-at-south-alabama-in-salute-to-veterans-bowl.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin kakar 2023, Voisin ya bayyana ne kawai a wasanni biyu kafin ya sami rauni a gwiwa, ya gama da kama biyar don yadudduka 77 da kuma touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Devin Voisin back on field for first South Alabama preseason practice |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/07/devin-voisin-back-on-field-for-first-south-alabama-preseason-practice.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin 2024, ya sami jimillar liyafa 34 don yadudduka 407.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=‘Old’ Devin Voisin healthy, primed for seventh season at South Alabama |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/07/old-devin-voisin-healthy-primed-for-seventh-season-at-south-alabama.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> A cikin mako na 2 na kakar 2025, Voisin ya yi rikodin liyafa takwas don yadudduka 152 da kuma touchdowns biyu da Tulane.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hicks |first=Tommy |title=Jags’ Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.lagniappemobile.com/sports/jags-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster/article_725e34a5-8f87-47ee-813c-303b979c6908.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Lagniappe Daily}}</ref> Ya gama kakar 2025 tare da kama 67 don yadudduka 775 da kuma touchdowns hudu a cikin 11 farawa, yayin da ya dawo da punts 11 don yaduddusa 125.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cochran |first=Emily |title=South Alabama receiver accepts Panini Senior Bowl invite |url=https://www.fox10tv.com/2026/01/23/south-alabama-receiver-accepts-panini-senior-bowl-invite/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=FOX 10 News}}</ref> A cikin aikinsa na shekaru bakwai, Voisin ya bayyana a cikin wasanni 67 na rikodin makaranta, jimlar 172 receptions don yadudduka 2,133 da kuma goma touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=No. 1: Devin Voisin reaches end of long, decorated South Alabama career |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2025/11/no-1-devin-voisin-reaches-end-of-long-decorated-south-alabama-career.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> Bayan kakar 2025, ya karɓi gayyatar zuwa Babban Bowl na 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=South Alabama’s Devin Voisin added to Senior Bowl roster |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2026/01/south-alabamas-devin-voisin-added-to-senior-bowl-roster.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Voisin ɗan tagwaye ne na tsohon mai tsaron gida na Kudancin Alabama Jaden Voisin . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stephenson |first=Creg |title=Double-double: South Alabama is rare college football team with 2 sets of twins |url=https://www.al.com/sports/2024/08/double-double-south-alabama-is-rare-college-football-team-with-2-sets-of-twins.html |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=AL.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achantz |first=Brian |date=16 November 2018 |title=Crestview's Voisin twins combine for hot start to eliminate Pine Forest |url=https://www.pnj.com/story/sports/high-school/football/2018/11/16/crestviews-voisin-twins-combine-hot-start-eliminate-pine-forest/1990396002/ |access-date=26 January 2026 |website=Pensacola News Journal}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://usajaguars.com/sports/football/roster/devin-voisin/12417 Kudancin Alabama Jaguars bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] gc3f7si5er9wmtf24ipeah3isn27eyp 0 148784 828072 2026-04-30T18:27:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351023419|Fragments of Ice (film)]]" 828072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Fragments of Ice|image=|caption=Theatrical release poster|director=Maria Stoianova|producer=Maksym Nakonechnyi<br>Alina Gorlova|writer=Maria Stoianova|cinematography=Mykhailo Stoianov|music=Andrii Dehtiariov|editing=Viktor Onýsko<br>Maryna Maikovska|studio=TABOR production<br>Indie Film|distributor=[[Arthouse Traffic]]|released={{Film date|2024|04|13|Visions du Réel|2024|09|26|Ukraine|df=y}}|runtime=95 minutes|country=Ukraine<br>Norway|language=Ukrainian<br>Russian<br>English}}'''''Burbushin ƙanƙara''''' (Ukrainian) fim ne na kasashen Yukren-Norwey na 2024 wanda [[Maria Stoianova (director)|Maria Stoianova]] ta jagoranta. [[Documentary film|Fim din]] an sadaukar da shi ga editan fim [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], wanda aka kashe a 2022 a lokacin Yaƙin Rasha da [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] kumaya mutu ba tare da kammala aikin fim din ba.<ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa a bikin fina-finai na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival''.<ref name="RFE">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Стали відомі переможці конкурсів 21-го кінофестивалю Docudays UA |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184757/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Radio Svoboda}}</ref> An sakin fim din a gidajen kallo a Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024. == Labari == Fim din wani labari ne wanda aka tattara daga abunda ya rage na tarihin bidiyo na iyali na musamman na dan wasan kankara daga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na kankara ta Yukren. 'Yarsa, darektan Maria Stoianova, ta sake yin rikodin yawon shakatawa na kasashen waje na mahaifinta daga shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da fina-finai na gida, kuma ta nuna bambanci tsakanin hoton da aka tsara na Yamma da kuma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Gaskiyar Soviet]]. Ta hanyar labaran mutane, raguwar tarihi na rushewar USSR da Maido da 'yancin Ukraine sun sami sabon mafaka a cikin wannan binciken da aka hana na turjiya, ainihi da bege wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}</ref> == Fitarwa == === Bunkasawa da gyare-gyare === An fara aiki a kan ''Burbushin kankara'' a cikin shekara ta 2021. Stoianova ta yi kuduri don binciko "Ganin aljanna" wanda iyayenta da sauran mazaunan Tarayyar Soviet ke da shi game da "duniyar Turai", da kuma yadda wannan hangen nesa ya canza tare da juyin hali na yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}</ref> A farkon mamayewar Rasha a watan Fabrairun 2022 an fara gyara fim din ne kawai, kuma an dakatar da aikinsa bayan an kashe editan Viktor Onysko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Maryna Maikovska ce ta kammala gyare-gyare a cikin 2023, kuma fim ɗin da aka gama an sadaukar da shi don tunawa da Onysko. <ref name="UPLife" /> <ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPedersen2024">Pedersen, Lise (11 April 2024). [https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ "'Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE)"]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> TABOR suka dauki nauyin shirin da Indie Film tare da hannun Ukraine da Norway.<ref name="Variety" /> == Ma'aikata == * Daraktan: Maria Stoianova * Marubuci: Maria Stoianova * Mawallafi: Andrii Dehtiariov * Mai tsara sauti: Vasyl Yavtushenko * Editoci: [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], Maryna Maikovska * Hotuna: Mykhailo Stoianov * Masu gabatarwa: [[Maksym Nakonechnyi]], Alina Gorlova <ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Bikin farko fitowa === Fim din ya fara fitowa a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilun 2024 a bikin fim na Switzerland Visions du Réel a Nyon.<ref name="VdR">{{Cite web |title=Fragments of Ice |url=https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Visions du Réel |language=en}}</ref> An shirya sakin fim din a gidajen kallo na Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024, yayin da Arthouse Traffic ta rarraba.<ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBobrytskyi2024">Bobrytskyi, Yehor (11 April 2024). [https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ ""You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released"]. ''DTF Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Detektor">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=The Great Illusion: a film about a frozen history that started to move |url=https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183926/https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Detektor Media}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fim na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival'', fim din ''Burbushin Kankara'' ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa: <ref name="Shotam">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA announced the winners of its competition programmes |url=https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184142/https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=#ShoTam}}</ref><ref name="Glavkom">{{Cite web |last=Voitsekhovska |first=Yuliia |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA 2024 International Film Festival announced the winners |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184355/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Glavcom}}</ref> * Kyautar juriya ta masu sukar (Gasar Kasa da Kasa) * Kyautar Juri ta Dalibai (babban kyautar) * Bayyanawa ta Musamman a gasar Docu / Duniya * Babban lambar yabo a gasar Docu / Ukraine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://taborproduction.com/ua/prodakshn/dokumentalni/fragmenti-lodu.html}} * {{IMDb title|32087115}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finai da aka dauka a Yukren]] gqgq5pef9k0elmtzfdcmdu2g4se1wg5 828073 828072 2026-04-30T18:28:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828073 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Burbushin ƙanƙara''''' (Yukren) fim ne na kasashen Yukren-Norwey na 2024 wanda [[Maria Stoianova (director)|Maria Stoianova]] ta jagoranta. [[Documentary film|Fim din]] an sadaukar da shi ga editan fim [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], wanda aka kashe a 2022 a lokacin Yaƙin Rasha da [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] kumaya mutu ba tare da kammala aikin fim din ba.<ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa a bikin fina-finai na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival''.<ref name="RFE">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Стали відомі переможці конкурсів 21-го кінофестивалю Docudays UA |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184757/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Radio Svoboda}}</ref> An sakin fim din a gidajen kallo a Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024. == Labari == Fim din wani labari ne wanda aka tattara daga abunda ya rage na tarihin bidiyo na iyali na musamman na dan wasan kankara daga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na kankara ta Yukren. 'Yarsa, darektan Maria Stoianova, ta sake yin rikodin yawon shakatawa na kasashen waje na mahaifinta daga shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da fina-finai na gida, kuma ta nuna bambanci tsakanin hoton da aka tsara na Yamma da kuma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Gaskiyar Soviet]]. Ta hanyar labaran mutane, raguwar tarihi na rushewar USSR da Maido da 'yancin Ukraine sun sami sabon mafaka a cikin wannan binciken da aka hana na turjiya, ainihi da bege wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}</ref> == Fitarwa == === Bunkasawa da gyare-gyare === An fara aiki a kan ''Burbushin kankara'' a cikin shekara ta 2021. Stoianova ta yi kuduri don binciko "Ganin aljanna" wanda iyayenta da sauran mazaunan Tarayyar Soviet ke da shi game da "duniyar Turai", da kuma yadda wannan hangen nesa ya canza tare da juyin hali na yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}</ref> A farkon mamayewar Rasha a watan Fabrairun 2022 an fara gyara fim din ne kawai, kuma an dakatar da aikinsa bayan an kashe editan Viktor Onysko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Maryna Maikovska ce ta kammala gyare-gyare a cikin 2023, kuma fim ɗin da aka gama an sadaukar da shi don tunawa da Onysko. <ref name="UPLife" /> <ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPedersen2024">Pedersen, Lise (11 April 2024). [https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ "'Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE)"]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> TABOR suka dauki nauyin shirin da Indie Film tare da hannun Ukraine da Norway.<ref name="Variety" /> == Ma'aikata == * Daraktan: Maria Stoianova * Marubuci: Maria Stoianova * Mawallafi: Andrii Dehtiariov * Mai tsara sauti: Vasyl Yavtushenko * Editoci: [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], Maryna Maikovska * Hotuna: Mykhailo Stoianov * Masu gabatarwa: [[Maksym Nakonechnyi]], Alina Gorlova <ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Bikin farko fitowa === Fim din ya fara fitowa a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilun 2024 a bikin fim na Switzerland Visions du Réel a Nyon.<ref name="VdR">{{Cite web |title=Fragments of Ice |url=https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Visions du Réel |language=en}}</ref> An shirya sakin fim din a gidajen kallo na Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024, yayin da Arthouse Traffic ta rarraba.<ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBobrytskyi2024">Bobrytskyi, Yehor (11 April 2024). [https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ ""You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released"]. ''DTF Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Detektor">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=The Great Illusion: a film about a frozen history that started to move |url=https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183926/https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Detektor Media}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fim na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival'', fim din ''Burbushin Kankara'' ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa: <ref name="Shotam">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA announced the winners of its competition programmes |url=https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184142/https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=#ShoTam}}</ref><ref name="Glavkom">{{Cite web |last=Voitsekhovska |first=Yuliia |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA 2024 International Film Festival announced the winners |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184355/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Glavcom}}</ref> * Kyautar juriya ta masu sukar (Gasar Kasa da Kasa) * Kyautar Juri ta Dalibai (babban kyautar) * Bayyanawa ta Musamman a gasar Docu / Duniya * Babban lambar yabo a gasar Docu / Ukraine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://taborproduction.com/ua/prodakshn/dokumentalni/fragmenti-lodu.html}} * {{IMDb title|32087115}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finai da aka dauka a Yukren]] eb84ow3yupvkaiqx9kklcbvzzcsbjfg 828076 828073 2026-04-30T18:29:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Burbushin ƙanƙara''''' (Yukren) fim ne na kasashen Yukren-Norwey na 2024 wanda [[Maria Stoianova (director)|Maria Stoianova]] ta jagoranta. [[Documentary film|Fim din]] an sadaukar da shi ga editan fim [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], wanda aka kashe a 2022 a lokacin Yaƙin Rasha da [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] kuma ya mutu ba tare da kammala aikin fim din ba.<ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya samu kyaututtuka da yawa a bikin fina-finai na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival''.<ref name="RFE">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Стали відомі переможці конкурсів 21-го кінофестивалю Docudays UA |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184757/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Radio Svoboda}}</ref> An sakin fim din a gidajen kallo na Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024. == Labari == Fim din wani labari ne wanda aka tattara daga abunda ya rage na tarihin bidiyo na iyali na musamman na dan wasan kankara daga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na kankara ta Yukren. 'Yarsa, darektan Maria Stoianova, ta sake yin rikodin yawon shakatawa na kasashen waje na mahaifinta daga shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da fina-finai na gida, kuma ta nuna bambanci tsakanin hoton da aka tsara na Yamma da kuma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Gaskiyar Soviet]]. Ta hanyar labaran mutane, raguwar tarihi na rushewar USSR da Maido da 'yancin Ukraine sun sami sabon mafaka a cikin wannan binciken da aka hana na turjiya, ainihi da bege wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}</ref> == Fitarwa == === Bunkasawa da gyare-gyare === An fara aiki a kan ''Burbushin kankara'' a cikin shekara ta 2021. Stoianova ta yi kuduri don binciko "Ganin aljanna" wanda iyayenta da sauran mazaunan Tarayyar Soviet ke da shi game da "duniyar Turai", da kuma yadda wannan hangen nesa ya canza tare da juyin hali na yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}</ref> A farkon mamayewar Rasha a watan Fabrairun 2022 an fara gyara fim din ne kawai, kuma an dakatar da aikinsa bayan an kashe editan Viktor Onysko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Maryna Maikovska ce ta kammala gyare-gyare a cikin 2023, kuma fim ɗin da aka gama an sadaukar da shi don tunawa da Onysko. <ref name="UPLife" /> <ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPedersen2024">Pedersen, Lise (11 April 2024). [https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ "'Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE)"]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> TABOR suka dauki nauyin shirin da Indie Film tare da hannun Ukraine da Norway.<ref name="Variety" /> == Ma'aikata == * Daraktan: Maria Stoianova * Marubuci: Maria Stoianova * Mawallafi: Andrii Dehtiariov * Mai tsara sauti: Vasyl Yavtushenko * Editoci: [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], Maryna Maikovska * Hotuna: Mykhailo Stoianov * Masu gabatarwa: [[Maksym Nakonechnyi]], Alina Gorlova <ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Bikin farko fitowa === Fim din ya fara fitowa a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilun 2024 a bikin fim na Switzerland Visions du Réel a Nyon.<ref name="VdR">{{Cite web |title=Fragments of Ice |url=https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Visions du Réel |language=en}}</ref> An shirya sakin fim din a gidajen kallo na Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024, yayin da Arthouse Traffic ta rarraba.<ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBobrytskyi2024">Bobrytskyi, Yehor (11 April 2024). [https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ ""You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released"]. ''DTF Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Detektor">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=The Great Illusion: a film about a frozen history that started to move |url=https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183926/https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Detektor Media}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fim na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival'', fim din ''Burbushin Kankara'' ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa: <ref name="Shotam">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA announced the winners of its competition programmes |url=https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184142/https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=#ShoTam}}</ref><ref name="Glavkom">{{Cite web |last=Voitsekhovska |first=Yuliia |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA 2024 International Film Festival announced the winners |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184355/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Glavcom}}</ref> * Kyautar juriya ta masu sukar (Gasar Kasa da Kasa) * Kyautar Juri ta Dalibai (babban kyautar) * Bayyanawa ta Musamman a gasar Docu / Duniya * Babban lambar yabo a gasar Docu / Ukraine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://taborproduction.com/ua/prodakshn/dokumentalni/fragmenti-lodu.html}} * {{IMDb title|32087115}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finai da aka dauka a Yukren]] j18xv2h0d8x8q3uwzd19vsx1n2mz73u 828140 828076 2026-04-30T19:53:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''''Burbushin ƙanƙara''''' (Yukren) fim ne na kasashen Yukren-Norwey na 2024 wanda [[Maria Stoianova (director)|Maria Stoianova]] ta jagoranta. [[Documentary film|Fim din]] an sadaukar da shi ga editan fim [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], wanda aka kashe a 2022 a lokacin Yaƙin Rasha da [[Ukraniya|Ukraine]] kuma ya mutu ba tare da kammala aikin fim din ba.<ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> Fim din ya samu kyaututtuka da yawa a bikin fina-finai na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival''.<ref name="RFE">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Стали відомі переможці конкурсів 21-го кінофестивалю Docudays UA |url=https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184757/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/news-docudays-ua-2024-konkurs-peremozhtsi/32983270.html |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Radio Svoboda}}</ref> An sakin fim din a gidajen kallo na Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024. == Labari == Fim din wani labari ne wanda aka tattara daga abunda ya rage na tarihin bidiyo na iyali na musamman na dan wasan kankara daga ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo na kankara ta Yukren. 'Yarsa, darektan Maria Stoianova, ta sake yin rikodin yawon shakatawa na kasashen waje na mahaifinta daga shekarun 1980 da 1990, tare da fina-finai na gida, kuma ta nuna bambanci tsakanin hoton da aka tsara na Yamma da kuma [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|Gaskiyar Soviet]]. Ta hanyar labaran mutane, raguwar tarihi na rushewar USSR da Maido da 'yancin Ukraine sun sami sabon mafaka a cikin wannan binciken da aka hana na turjiya, ainihi da bege wanda ke ci gaba har zuwa yau.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}</ref> == Fitarwa == === Bunkasawa da gyare-gyare === An fara aiki a kan ''Burbushin kankara'' a cikin shekara ta 2021. Stoianova ta yi kuduri don binciko "Ganin aljanna" wanda iyayenta da sauran mazaunan Tarayyar Soviet ke da shi game da "duniyar Turai", da kuma yadda wannan hangen nesa ya canza tare da juyin hali na yanayin zamantakewa da siyasa.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}</ref> A farkon mamayewar Rasha a watan Fabrairun 2022 an fara gyara fim din ne kawai, kuma an dakatar da aikinsa bayan an kashe editan Viktor Onysko a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022.<ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Maryna Maikovska ce ta kammala gyare-gyare a cikin 2023, kuma fim ɗin da aka gama an sadaukar da shi don tunawa da Onysko. <ref name="UPLife" /> <ref name="Variety">{{Cite web |last=Pedersen |first=Lise |date=2024-04-11 |title='Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPedersen2024">Pedersen, Lise (11 April 2024). [https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ "'Fragments of Ice,' About USSR Dreams of a Western Paradise, Drops Trailer Ahead of Visions du Réel World Premiere (EXCLUSIVE)"]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://variety.com/2024/film/global/fragments-of-ice-maria-stoianova-visions-du-reel-1235967452/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> TABOR suka dauki nauyin shirin da Indie Film tare da hannun Ukraine da Norway.<ref name="Variety" /> == Ma'aikata == * Daraktan: Maria Stoianova * Marubuci: Maria Stoianova * Mawallafi: Andrii Dehtiariov * Mai tsara sauti: Vasyl Yavtushenko * Editoci: [[Onysko, Viktor Petrovych|Viktor Onysko]], Maryna Maikovska * Hotuna: Mykhailo Stoianov * Masu gabatarwa: [[Maksym Nakonechnyi]], Alina Gorlova <ref name="UPLife">{{Cite web |last=Kabatsii |first=Maria |date=2024-04-11 |title=Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду" |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKabatsii2024">Kabatsii, Maria (11 April 2024). [https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ "Присвячений загиблому захиснику-кінематографісту. Вийшов трейлер фільму "Фрагменти льоду""]. ''Ukrainska Pravda. Zhyttia''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901182604/https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/treyler-filmu-fragmenti-lodu-divitis-onlayn-301013/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Saki == === Bikin farko fitowa === Fim din ya fara fitowa a ranar 13 ga watan Afrilun 2024 a bikin fim na Switzerland Visions du Réel a Nyon.<ref name="VdR">{{Cite web |title=Fragments of Ice |url=https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901181452/https://www.visionsdureel.ch/en/film/2024/fragments-of-ice/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Visions du Réel |language=en}}</ref> An shirya sakin fim din a gidajen kallo na Ukraine a ranar 26 ga Satumba 2024, yayin da Arthouse Traffic ta rarraba.<ref name="DTF">{{Cite web |last=Bobrytskyi |first=Yehor |date=2024-04-11 |title="You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released |url=https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=DTF Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBobrytskyi2024">Bobrytskyi, Yehor (11 April 2024). [https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ ""You cross the border and start to breathe": trailer for the documentary ''Fragments of Ice'' released"]. ''DTF Magazine''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183618/https://donttakefake.com/peretnuv-kordon-i-pochynayesh-dyhaty-vyjshov-trejler-dokumentalnogo-filmu-fragmenty-lodu/ Archived] from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="Detektor">{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=The Great Illusion: a film about a frozen history that started to move |url=https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901183926/https://detector.media/detektor-media-govoryt/article/231297/2024-08-25-velyka-ilyuziya-film-pro-zastyglu-istoriyu-yaka-pryyshla-v-rukh/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Detektor Media}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fim na ''21st Docudays UA International Human Rights Documentary Film Festival'', fim din ''Burbushin Kankara'' ya sami kyaututtuka da yawa: <ref name="Shotam">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA announced the winners of its competition programmes |url=https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184142/https://shotam.info/docudays-ua-oholosyv-peremozhtsiv-konkursnykh-prohram/ |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=#ShoTam}}</ref><ref name="Glavkom">{{Cite web |last=Voitsekhovska |first=Yuliia |date=2024-06-07 |title=Docudays UA 2024 International Film Festival announced the winners |url=https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901184355/https://glavcom.ua/country/culture/mizhnarodnij-kinofestival-docudays-ua-2024-oholosiv-peremozhtsiv-1004140.html#google_vignette |archive-date=2024-09-01 |access-date=2024-09-01 |website=Glavcom}}</ref> * Kyautar juriya ta masu sukar (Gasar Kasa da Kasa) * Kyautar Juri ta Dalibai (babban kyautar) * Bayyanawa ta Musamman a gasar Docu / Duniya * Babban lambar yabo a gasar Docu / Ukraine == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|https://taborproduction.com/ua/prodakshn/dokumentalni/fragmenti-lodu.html}} * {{IMDb title|32087115}} [[Rukuni:Fina-finai da aka dauka a Yukren]] 45uwafvv6hlfqie41fl65k77sqcsg1j 0 148785 828074 2026-04-30T18:29:54Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1313040726|Jordan Dwyer]]" 828074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns. Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2th17u6b7mvafkm8e7glq3mnhpu8vdc 828077 828074 2026-04-30T18:30:42Z Aluja 30485 828077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns. Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dskcl3h1ubu1pxviq4p3choqzz1kkzf 828079 828077 2026-04-30T18:32:22Z Aluja 30485 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 828079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . <ref>[https://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/high-school/article254053428.html Puyallup’s Dwyer wants to be 4A SPSL MVP. So he challenged himself to do everything for Vikings]</ref>Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns. Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] i5vk83t0620dgdflpwkktspv9tahmtl 828083 828079 2026-04-30T18:33:53Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kwaleji */ 828083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . <ref>[https://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/high-school/article254053428.html Puyallup’s Dwyer wants to be 4A SPSL MVP. So he challenged himself to do everything for Vikings]</ref>Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. <ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/clearly-our-best-receiver-idaho-vandal-wideout-jordan-dwyer-looks-to-step-in-as-next/article_8e78d77a-019b-11ef-bb53-f7c27afebc48.html 'Clearly our best receiver' Idaho Vandal wideout Jordan Dwyer looks to step in as next star in Moscow]</ref> A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns. Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] esdzdhq1ss79q8idv1qgm2l4r57jgki 828088 828083 2026-04-30T18:35:39Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kwaleji */ 828088 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . <ref>[https://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/high-school/article254053428.html Puyallup’s Dwyer wants to be 4A SPSL MVP. So he challenged himself to do everything for Vikings]</ref>Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. <ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/clearly-our-best-receiver-idaho-vandal-wideout-jordan-dwyer-looks-to-step-in-as-next/article_8e78d77a-019b-11ef-bb53-f7c27afebc48.html 'Clearly our best receiver' Idaho Vandal wideout Jordan Dwyer looks to step in as next star in Moscow]</ref> A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns.<ref>[https://www.dnews.com/stories/vandal-receivers-dwyer-hamper-the-glue-that-keeps-on-giving-page_373 Vandal receivers Dwyer, Hamper the glue that keeps on giving]</ref><ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/idaho-wr-jordan-dwyer-enters-transfer-portal-after-coach-jason-eck-s-departure/article_31f576dc-ba5c-11ef-b777-e7fa957d9e19.html Idaho WR Jordan Dwyer enters transfer portal after Coach Jason Eck’s departure]</ref> Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] q1p9d3wd2p1w2wjbwiuob2uocns50ud 828090 828088 2026-04-30T18:36:53Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kwaleji */ 828090 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . <ref>[https://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/high-school/article254053428.html Puyallup’s Dwyer wants to be 4A SPSL MVP. So he challenged himself to do everything for Vikings]</ref>Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. <ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/clearly-our-best-receiver-idaho-vandal-wideout-jordan-dwyer-looks-to-step-in-as-next/article_8e78d77a-019b-11ef-bb53-f7c27afebc48.html 'Clearly our best receiver' Idaho Vandal wideout Jordan Dwyer looks to step in as next star in Moscow]</ref> A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns.<ref>[https://www.dnews.com/stories/vandal-receivers-dwyer-hamper-the-glue-that-keeps-on-giving-page_373 Vandal receivers Dwyer, Hamper the glue that keeps on giving]</ref><ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/idaho-wr-jordan-dwyer-enters-transfer-portal-after-coach-jason-eck-s-departure/article_31f576dc-ba5c-11ef-b777-e7fa957d9e19.html Idaho WR Jordan Dwyer enters transfer portal after Coach Jason Eck’s departure]</ref> Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). <ref>[https://www.dallasnews.com/sponsored/2025/02/10/new-tcu-receiver-jordan-dwyer-has-something-to-prove/ New TCU receiver Jordan Dwyer has ‘something to prove’]</ref>A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 4759c2qlwz1ba2x315qo310ggntp97s 828092 828090 2026-04-30T18:37:46Z Aluja 30485 /* Ayyukan kwaleji */ 828092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . <ref>[https://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/high-school/article254053428.html Puyallup’s Dwyer wants to be 4A SPSL MVP. So he challenged himself to do everything for Vikings]</ref>Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. <ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/clearly-our-best-receiver-idaho-vandal-wideout-jordan-dwyer-looks-to-step-in-as-next/article_8e78d77a-019b-11ef-bb53-f7c27afebc48.html 'Clearly our best receiver' Idaho Vandal wideout Jordan Dwyer looks to step in as next star in Moscow]</ref> A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns.<ref>[https://www.dnews.com/stories/vandal-receivers-dwyer-hamper-the-glue-that-keeps-on-giving-page_373 Vandal receivers Dwyer, Hamper the glue that keeps on giving]</ref><ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/idaho-wr-jordan-dwyer-enters-transfer-portal-after-coach-jason-eck-s-departure/article_31f576dc-ba5c-11ef-b777-e7fa957d9e19.html Idaho WR Jordan Dwyer enters transfer portal after Coach Jason Eck’s departure]</ref> Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). <ref>[https://www.dallasnews.com/sponsored/2025/02/10/new-tcu-receiver-jordan-dwyer-has-something-to-prove/ New TCU receiver Jordan Dwyer has ‘something to prove’]</ref>A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown.<ref>[https://www.si.com/college/tcu/football/transfer-wide-receiver-shines-in-horned-frog-debut-01k467hdb6s1 Transfer Wide Receiver Shines in Horned Frog Debut]</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mdeboitgkwxld6xyic4hkf9o2snioy2 828094 828092 2026-04-30T18:38:11Z Aluja 30485 828094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jordan Dwyer''' dan wasan kwallon kafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na TCU Horned Frogs . Ya taba buga wa Idaho Vandals wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Dwyer ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Puyallup a Puyallub, Washington . <ref>[https://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/high-school/article254053428.html Puyallup’s Dwyer wants to be 4A SPSL MVP. So he challenged himself to do everything for Vikings]</ref>Ya shiga Jami'ar Idaho don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji. == Ayyukan kwaleji == Dwyer ya yi redshirt a shekararsa ta farko a Idaho a 2022, bayan ya buga wasanni hudu kuma ya yi rikodin liyafa 12 don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdowns biyu. A matsayinsa na sabon dan wasa ya buga wasanni 13 kuma yana da liyafa 20 don yadudduka 328 da kuma touchdowns hudu. <ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/clearly-our-best-receiver-idaho-vandal-wideout-jordan-dwyer-looks-to-step-in-as-next/article_8e78d77a-019b-11ef-bb53-f7c27afebc48.html 'Clearly our best receiver' Idaho Vandal wideout Jordan Dwyer looks to step in as next star in Moscow]</ref> A matsayinsa na redshirt sophomore a 2024, ya taka leda a wasanni 14 da 78 receptions for 1,192 yadudduka da 12 touchdowns.<ref>[https://www.dnews.com/stories/vandal-receivers-dwyer-hamper-the-glue-that-keeps-on-giving-page_373 Vandal receivers Dwyer, Hamper the glue that keeps on giving]</ref><ref>[https://www.swxlocalsports.com/spokane/idaho/idaho-wr-jordan-dwyer-enters-transfer-portal-after-coach-jason-eck-s-departure/article_31f576dc-ba5c-11ef-b777-e7fa957d9e19.html Idaho WR Jordan Dwyer enters transfer portal after Coach Jason Eck’s departure]</ref> Bayan kakar, Dwyer ya koma Jami'ar Kirista ta Texas (TCU). <ref>[https://www.dallasnews.com/sponsored/2025/02/10/new-tcu-receiver-jordan-dwyer-has-something-to-prove/ New TCU receiver Jordan Dwyer has ‘something to prove’]</ref>A wasansa na farko a TCU a 2025, ya samu karɓar tara don yadudduka 136 da kuma touchdown.<ref>[https://www.si.com/college/tcu/football/transfer-wide-receiver-shines-in-horned-frog-debut-01k467hdb6s1 Transfer Wide Receiver Shines in Horned Frog Debut]</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://govandals.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/7781 Rayuwa ta Idaho Vandals] * [https://gofrogs.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-dwyer/17451 TCU Horned Frogs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] edath3xq55ztanztix48pg0liybcios 0 148786 828102 2026-04-30T18:41:32Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336462080|1924 North Carolina Tar Heels football team]]" 828102 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924 ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 27 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Gore Field | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 6–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/|work=The News and Observer|title=Wake Forest downs Carolina|date=September 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 4 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- | title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive }}</ref> | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Yale Bulldogs football team|Yale]] | site_stadium = [[Yale Bowl]] | site_cityst = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 25,000 | source = <ref name="yale">{{cite news|title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0|newspaper=The Hartford Courant|date=October 5, 1924|page=IV-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 11 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = [[Emerson Field]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|rivalry]] | score = 6–0 | attend = 7,500<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548 | title= The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/|work=The Sunday Citizen|title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0|date=October 12, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1924 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium|Riddick Field]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 10–0 | attend = 15,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0|date=October 17, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 25 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 Maryland Aggies football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 0–6 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0|date=October 26, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 1 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 7–10 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/|work=Charlotte Daily Observer|title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels|date=November 2, 1924|accessdate=January 25, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 8 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg | title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times }}</ref> | w/l = w | opponent = [[1924 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 3–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/|work=Nashville Banner|title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0|date=November 9, 1924|accessdate=December 19, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 15 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ | title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Richardson Stadium (Davidson)|Richardson Athletic Field]] | site_cityst = [[Davidson, North Carolina|Davidson, NC]] | score = 6–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest|date=November 16, 1924|accessdate=September 4, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 | date=26 November 1924 | issue=1924/11/26 | page=1 }}</ref> | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = [[Lambeth Field]] | site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville, VA]] | gamename = [[South's Oldest Rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/|newspaper=Greensboro Daily News|title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0|date=November 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} nb4trnuwq7xcmqtlh6jgvhnfl9atwtp 828104 828102 2026-04-30T18:42:15Z Aluja 30485 828104 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924 ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 27 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Gore Field | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 6–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/|work=The News and Observer|title=Wake Forest downs Carolina|date=September 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 4 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- | title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive }}</ref> | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Yale Bulldogs football team|Yale]] | site_stadium = [[Yale Bowl]] | site_cityst = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 25,000 | source = <ref name="yale">{{cite news|title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0|newspaper=The Hartford Courant|date=October 5, 1924|page=IV-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 11 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = [[Emerson Field]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|rivalry]] | score = 6–0 | attend = 7,500<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548 | title= The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/|work=The Sunday Citizen|title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0|date=October 12, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1924 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium|Riddick Field]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 10–0 | attend = 15,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0|date=October 17, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 25 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 Maryland Aggies football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 0–6 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0|date=October 26, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 1 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 7–10 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/|work=Charlotte Daily Observer|title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels|date=November 2, 1924|accessdate=January 25, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 8 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg | title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times }}</ref> | w/l = w | opponent = [[1924 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 3–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/|work=Nashville Banner|title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0|date=November 9, 1924|accessdate=December 19, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 15 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ | title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Richardson Stadium (Davidson)|Richardson Athletic Field]] | site_cityst = [[Davidson, North Carolina|Davidson, NC]] | score = 6–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest|date=November 16, 1924|accessdate=September 4, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 | date=26 November 1924 | issue=1924/11/26 | page=1 }}</ref> | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = [[Lambeth Field]] | site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville, VA]] | gamename = [[South's Oldest Rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/|newspaper=Greensboro Daily News|title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0|date=November 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 62ygod3llf3bd5sj9uxctgmena2z32f 828106 828104 2026-04-30T18:42:41Z Aluja 30485 828106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924 ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 27 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Gore Field | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 6–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/|work=The News and Observer|title=Wake Forest downs Carolina|date=September 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 4 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- | title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive }}</ref> | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Yale Bulldogs football team|Yale]] | site_stadium = [[Yale Bowl]] | site_cityst = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 25,000 | source = <ref name="yale">{{cite news|title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0|newspaper=The Hartford Courant|date=October 5, 1924|page=IV-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 11 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = [[Emerson Field]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|rivalry]] | score = 6–0 | attend = 7,500<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548 | title= The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/|work=The Sunday Citizen|title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0|date=October 12, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1924 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium|Riddick Field]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 10–0 | attend = 15,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0|date=October 17, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 25 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 Maryland Aggies football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 0–6 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0|date=October 26, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 1 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 7–10 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/|work=Charlotte Daily Observer|title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels|date=November 2, 1924|accessdate=January 25, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 8 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg | title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times }}</ref> | w/l = w | opponent = [[1924 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 3–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/|work=Nashville Banner|title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0|date=November 9, 1924|accessdate=December 19, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 15 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ | title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Richardson Stadium (Davidson)|Richardson Athletic Field]] | site_cityst = [[Davidson, North Carolina|Davidson, NC]] | score = 6–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest|date=November 16, 1924|accessdate=September 4, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 | date=26 November 1924 | issue=1924/11/26 | page=1 }}</ref> | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = [[Lambeth Field]] | site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville, VA]] | gamename = [[South's Oldest Rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/|newspaper=Greensboro Daily News|title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0|date=November 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} k8u5xsy2akn358crwr89iz0fa5k6m8x 828109 828106 2026-04-30T18:43:45Z Aluja 30485 828109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 27 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Gore Field | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 6–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/|work=The News and Observer|title=Wake Forest downs Carolina|date=September 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 4 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- | title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive }}</ref> | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Yale Bulldogs football team|Yale]] | site_stadium = [[Yale Bowl]] | site_cityst = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 25,000 | source = <ref name="yale">{{cite news|title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0|newspaper=The Hartford Courant|date=October 5, 1924|page=IV-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 11 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = [[Emerson Field]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|rivalry]] | score = 6–0 | attend = 7,500<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548 | title= The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/|work=The Sunday Citizen|title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0|date=October 12, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1924 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium|Riddick Field]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 10–0 | attend = 15,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0|date=October 17, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 25 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 Maryland Aggies football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 0–6 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0|date=October 26, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 1 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 7–10 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/|work=Charlotte Daily Observer|title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels|date=November 2, 1924|accessdate=January 25, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 8 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg | title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times }}</ref> | w/l = w | opponent = [[1924 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 3–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/|work=Nashville Banner|title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0|date=November 9, 1924|accessdate=December 19, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 15 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ | title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Richardson Stadium (Davidson)|Richardson Athletic Field]] | site_cityst = [[Davidson, North Carolina|Davidson, NC]] | score = 6–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest|date=November 16, 1924|accessdate=September 4, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 | date=26 November 1924 | issue=1924/11/26 | page=1 }}</ref> | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = [[Lambeth Field]] | site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville, VA]] | gamename = [[South's Oldest Rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/|newspaper=Greensboro Daily News|title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0|date=November 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1vkyc65dv38m2u2ibhxp9p6qtkrvc9m 828112 828109 2026-04-30T18:44:20Z Aluja 30485 828112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Shiri == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 27 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Gore Field | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 6–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/|work=The News and Observer|title=Wake Forest downs Carolina|date=September 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 4 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- | title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive }}</ref> | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Yale Bulldogs football team|Yale]] | site_stadium = [[Yale Bowl]] | site_cityst = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 25,000 | source = <ref name="yale">{{cite news|title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0|newspaper=The Hartford Courant|date=October 5, 1924|page=IV-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 11 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = [[Emerson Field]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|rivalry]] | score = 6–0 | attend = 7,500<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548 | title= The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/|work=The Sunday Citizen|title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0|date=October 12, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1924 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium|Riddick Field]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 10–0 | attend = 15,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0|date=October 17, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 25 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 Maryland Aggies football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 0–6 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0|date=October 26, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 1 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 7–10 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/|work=Charlotte Daily Observer|title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels|date=November 2, 1924|accessdate=January 25, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 8 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg | title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times }}</ref> | w/l = w | opponent = [[1924 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 3–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/|work=Nashville Banner|title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0|date=November 9, 1924|accessdate=December 19, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 15 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ | title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Richardson Stadium (Davidson)|Richardson Athletic Field]] | site_cityst = [[Davidson, North Carolina|Davidson, NC]] | score = 6–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest|date=November 16, 1924|accessdate=September 4, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 | date=26 November 1924 | issue=1924/11/26 | page=1 }}</ref> | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = [[Lambeth Field]] | site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville, VA]] | gamename = [[South's Oldest Rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/|newspaper=Greensboro Daily News|title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0|date=November 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|timezone=Eastern}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gnfcqswobmcmx6m0y41kvxr686td68z 828263 828112 2026-05-01T06:38:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Shiri */ 828263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {{CFB schedule | timezone = Eastern |{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 27 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Gore Field | site_cityst = [[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 6–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/|work=The News and Observer|title=Wake Forest downs Carolina|date=September 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 4 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- | title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive }}</ref> | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Yale Bulldogs football team|Yale]] | site_stadium = [[Yale Bowl]] | site_cityst = [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven, CT]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 25,000 | source = <ref name="yale">{{cite news|title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0|newspaper=The Hartford Courant|date=October 5, 1924|page=IV-1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 11 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = [[Emerson Field]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[Victory Bell (Duke–North Carolina)|rivalry]] | score = 6–0 | attend = 7,500<ref>{{cite web | url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548 | title= The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/|work=The Sunday Citizen|title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0|date=October 12, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1924 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Riddick Stadium|Riddick Field]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–NC State football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 10–0 | attend = 15,000<ref>{{cite web | url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 | title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections }}</ref> | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/|work=The Atlanta Journal|title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0|date=October 17, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 25 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 Maryland Aggies football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 0–6 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0|date=October 26, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 1 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = l | opponent = [[1924 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 7–10 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/|work=Charlotte Daily Observer|title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels|date=November 2, 1924|accessdate=January 25, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 8 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg | title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times }}</ref> | w/l = w | opponent = [[1924 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]] | site_stadium = Emerson Field | site_cityst = Chapel Hill, NC | score = 3–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/|work=Nashville Banner|title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0|date=November 9, 1924|accessdate=December 19, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 15 | time = 3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/ | title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) }}</ref> | w/l = w | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1924 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = [[Richardson Stadium (Davidson)|Richardson Athletic Field]] | site_cityst = [[Davidson, North Carolina|Davidson, NC]] | score = 6–0 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest|date=November 16, 1924|accessdate=September 4, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} |{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 27 | time = 2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ | title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 | date=26 November 1924 | issue=1924/11/26 | page=1 }}</ref> | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1924 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = [[Lambeth Field]] | site_cityst = [[Charlottesville, Virginia|Charlottesville, VA]] | gamename = [[South's Oldest Rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–7 | attend = | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/|newspaper=Greensboro Daily News|title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0|date=November 28, 1924|accessdate=December 11, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }} }} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gv8bv4k8ijr9rasc4f3b8mvj9o5rif4 828265 828263 2026-05-01T06:49:47Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |September 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |October 4 |3:00 p.m. |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 | |- |October 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500 | |- |October 16 |2:30 p.m. |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |October 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} e7fy8vgr2juazblnys9apn1ib2si75v 828266 828265 2026-05-01T06:50:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m. |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 | |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500 | |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m. |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ih9kokhlkblrqqlng32cf41ex0cslk9 828267 828266 2026-05-01T06:52:44Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m. |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 | |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500 | |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m. |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qu9i2c9t5gixwhdsnwnkr0k6kgdend9 828268 828267 2026-05-01T06:53:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 | |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500 | |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m. |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} c1q0as3iy6uu17t61vldo7sof9ww1i4 828270 828268 2026-05-01T06:54:19Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500 | |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m. |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mg5m83uq188hhkfqb8y2017qhgu52cs 828271 828270 2026-05-01T06:55:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m. |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1h26jml7yh3drmxys141f1o9lkeci9k 828272 828271 2026-05-01T06:55:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000 | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ce7ovb7cx08ai8mfgx8c8l6m6z8uktp 828273 828272 2026-05-01T06:56:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> | |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} h1yt5e7u02z9dxc79kfs9zwkxouix1b 828274 828273 2026-05-01T06:56:29Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | | |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t9e41hhh6c6vyhu58borpyev52ejial 828275 828274 2026-05-01T06:57:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m. |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} kef732jcaa1122g6v64hnnltt8d4odp 828276 828275 2026-05-01T06:57:25Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | | |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6llgl17badehpp4x8n183w3i8fo2hgf 828277 828276 2026-05-01T06:57:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m. |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9mrea3y1qi2h3mgl9ro4m32j98rz5pl 828278 828277 2026-05-01T06:58:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m. |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | | |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 1y5pbm2q0ic7ge84tpcld19mayd4l6f 828279 828278 2026-05-01T06:59:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m. |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | | |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 86ze37s1w75wbadqkkkmf5y3oc5pgwp 828280 828279 2026-05-01T06:59:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tsari */ 828280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' ta wakilci Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 1924 |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ |page=1 |issue=1924/11/26}}</ref> |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 28, 1924 |title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=Greensboro Daily News}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} k2i8ep055myau844v7pp76080235gtn 828281 828280 2026-05-01T07:01:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' tana wakiltar Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin wanda suka fafata a gasar Southern Conference (SoCon). Tar Heels sun jagoranci manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da asarar biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a cikin SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 1924 |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ |page=1 |issue=1924/11/26}}</ref> |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 28, 1924 |title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=Greensboro Daily News}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} h6l1rdf7ng7ale2rwx9trqcq3hvxfij 828282 828281 2026-05-01T07:03:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' tana wakiltar Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin wanda suka fafata a gasar Southern Conference (SoCon). Manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer ne suka jagoranci Tar Heels a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da rashin nasara biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 1924 |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ |page=1 |issue=1924/11/26}}</ref> |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 28, 1924 |title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=Greensboro Daily News}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ntifu6tngwqjrj7tm2ps20bvn2fmp2t 828283 828282 2026-05-01T07:04:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[1924 Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Carolina Tar Heels]] to [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Carolina Tar Heels na 1924]] 828282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1924''' tana wakiltar Jami'ar Arewacin Carolina (wanda yanzu ake kira Jami'ar North Carolina a Chapel Hill) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta kwaleji ta 1924 a matsayin wanda suka fafata a gasar Southern Conference (SoCon). Manyan kocin Bob Fetzer da Bill Fetzer ne suka jagoranci Tar Heels a kakar wasa ta huɗu kuma sun gama da rikodin nasarori huɗu da rashin nasara biyar (4-5 gaba ɗaya, 2-3 a SoCon). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1924 North Carolina Tar Heels Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/north-carolina/1924-schedule.html |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> ==Tsari== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Kwana wata !Lokaci !Abokan wasa !Wuri !Sakamako !Bakunci !Tushe |- |Satumba 27 | |a Wake Forest | * Gore Field * Wake Forest, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 6–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=September 28, 1924 |title=Wake Forest downs Carolina |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news-and-observer-wake-forest-downs/136675665/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The News and Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 4 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Yale Daily News 4 October 1924 — Yale Daily News Historical Archive |url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/?a=d&d=YDN19241004-01.2.1&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------}}</ref> |a Yale | * Yale Bowl * New Haven, CT |'''L''' 0–27 |25,000 |<ref name="yale">{{cite news |date=October 5, 1924 |title=Yale Wins Opening Day Game From Southerners, 27 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/98182504/yale-wins-opening-day-game-from/ |page=IV-1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=The Hartford Courant}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 11 | |Duke* | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 6–0 |7,500<ref>{{cite web |title=The Trinity Chronicle, vol. 20, no. 4 (Wednesday, October 15, 1924) |url=https://dukelibraries.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15957coll13/id/73027/rec/548}}</ref> | <ref>{{cite news |date=October 12, 1924 |title=Blue Devils unable to gain at crucial stages and lose to Carolina's Tar Heels 6–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/asheville-citizen-times-blue-devils-unab/136675860/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Sunday Citizen |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 16 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 5, October 17, 1924 - technician-v5n5-1924-10-17 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n5-1924-10-17}}</ref> |a NC State | * Riddick Field * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) |'''W''' 10–0 |15,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Technician, Vol. 5 No. 6, October 24, 1924 - technician-v5n6-1924-10-24 - NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections &#124; NC State University Libraries' Rare and Unique Digital Collections |url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v5n6-1924-10-24}}</ref> |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 17, 1924 |title=N.C. defeats State team at fair, 10–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-journal-nc-defeats-state-t/136676000/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=The Atlanta Journal |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Oktoba 25 | |Maryland | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''L''' 0–6 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=October 26, 1924 |title=Maryland is victor over Carolina, 6 to 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch-maryland-is-vict/136676111/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 1 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 01, 1924, Page 1, Image 1 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-01/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> |South Carolina | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC (rivalry) |'''L''' 7–10 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 2, 1924 |title=Gamecocks lick Tar Heels |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93476251/gamecocks-lick-tar-heels/ |accessdate=January 25, 2022 |work=Charlotte Daily Observer |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwaba 8 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: 1924 VMI-UNC Scorecard - Tar Heel Times |url=https://www.tarheeltimes.com/photos/unc_football_photos/game_programs/photo.aspx?image=1924_VMI-UNC_Scorecard.jpg}}</ref> |VMI | * Emerson Field * Chapel Hill, NC |'''W''' 3–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 9, 1924 |title=V.M.I. loses by field goal to Tarheels 3–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90849813/vmi-loses-by-field-goal-to-tarheels-3/ |accessdate=December 19, 2021 |work=Nashville Banner |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 15 |3:00 p.m.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Davidsonian. (Davidson, N.C.) 1914-current, November 13, 1924, Page 5, Image 5 · North Carolina Newspapers (digitalnc.org) |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073235/1924-11-13/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> |a Davidson* | * Richardson Athletic Field * Davidson, NC |'''W''' 6–0 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 16, 1924 |title=Tarheels win hard Davidson contest |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/108908792/taeheels-win-hard-davidson-contest/ |accessdate=September 4, 2022 |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> |- |Nuwamba 27 |2:30 p.m.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 1924 |title=The Tar Heel. (Chapel Hill, N.C.) 1943-1946, November 26, 1924, Image 1 |url=https://newspapers.digitalnc.org/lccn/sn92073227/1924-11-26/ed-1/seq-1/ |page=1 |issue=1924/11/26}}</ref> |a Virginia | * Lambeth Field * Charlottesville, VA (rivalry) |'''L''' 0–7 | |<ref>{{cite news |date=November 28, 1924 |title=North Carolina falls before Virginians by narrow margin of 7–0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-and-record-north-carolina-falls-bef/136673541/ |accessdate=December 11, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |newspaper=Greensboro Daily News}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ntifu6tngwqjrj7tm2ps20bvn2fmp2t 0 148787 828117 2026-04-30T18:46:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Wannan Ruwan Ba zai taba tsayawa ba]] to [[Wannan Ruwan Ba zai taba tsayawa ba (fim)]] 828117 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Wannan Ruwan Ba zai taba tsayawa ba (fim)]] 9xnk5l8lk4a1nkev9repudnrc202tnt 0 148788 828131 2026-04-30T19:25:09Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1297420505|Mariam Jalabi]]" 828131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] Mariam Jalabi yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutuka. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambaci shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare shi sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ya bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawar [[Siriya]] "High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee", wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawara na shugabanci ne, cewa ci gaba yana da wuyar yin, kuma wannan ba matsala ce ta musamman ga Siriya ba - ana ware mata lokacin da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] ta gaskiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam da pluralism ke gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce co-kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9qqsms7lnafsby3t4331lq6c449gync 828254 828131 2026-05-01T06:25:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] Mariam Jalabi yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutuka. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambaci shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare shi sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ya bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawar [[Siriya]] "High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee", wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawara na shugabanci ne, cewa ci gaba yana da wuyar yin, kuma wannan ba matsala ce ta musamman ga Siriya ba - ana ware mata lokacin da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] ta gaskiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam da pluralism ke gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce co-kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1mmdc8k10xirotxjepzgbljbkiopqqk 828256 828254 2026-05-01T06:27:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] '''Mariam Jalabi''' yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambaci shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare shi sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ya bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawar [[Siriya]] "High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee", wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawara na shugabanci ne, cewa ci gaba yana da wuyar yin, kuma wannan ba matsala ce ta musamman ga Siriya ba - ana ware mata lokacin da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] ta gaskiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam da pluralism ke gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce co-kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] lodrp1l5m0ooatcs74zb0dm7pli3ncj 828257 828256 2026-05-01T06:28:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] '''Mariam Jalabi''' yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambace shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare ta sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ta bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawar [[Siriya]] "High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee", wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawara na shugabanci ne, cewa ci gaba yana da wuyar yin, kuma wannan ba matsala ce ta musamman ga Siriya ba - ana ware mata lokacin da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] ta gaskiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam da pluralism ke gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce co-kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ayqm8brsprtv4bdn207bqq1moav9l8s 828258 828257 2026-05-01T06:30:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] '''Mariam Jalabi''' yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambace shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare ta sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ta bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawa na [[Siriya]] ''"High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee"'', wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawara na shugabanci ne, cewa ci gaba yana da wuyar yin, kuma wannan ba matsala ce ta musamman ga Siriya ba - ana ware mata lokacin da [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] ta gaskiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam da pluralism ke gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce co-kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mszuj9q8hbxrvy1s2hdri7zsjwb7whr 828259 828258 2026-05-01T06:34:00Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihin rayuwa */ 828259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] '''Mariam Jalabi''' yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambace shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare ta sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ta bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawa na [[Siriya]] ''"High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee"'', wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawarwari na shugabanci abu ne na maza, cewa ci gaba na da wahalar samu, kuma wannan ba matsala ba ce ta musamman ga Siriya kadai ba - ana ware mata lokacin da harkokin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] na gaskiya ya tashi, haƙƙin ɗan adam da cudanya ana tura su gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce co-kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7kraw9s7oyy8qgo8w6mhi28pdllrcpz 828260 828259 2026-05-01T06:34:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] '''Mariam Jalabi''' yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambace shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare ta sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ta bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawa na [[Siriya]] ''"High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee"'', wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawarwari na shugabanci abu ne na maza, cewa ci gaba na da wahalar samu, kuma wannan ba matsala ba ce ta musamman ga Siriya kadai ba - ana ware mata lokacin da harkokin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] na gaskiya ya tashi, haƙƙin ɗan adam da cudanya ana tura su gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce aka kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya tare da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya kasance a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] qevolegj5hy0472gognueryu99r7jq9 828262 828260 2026-05-01T06:36:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kyaututtuka */ 828262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Mariam_Jalabi,_Director_of_the_National_Liason_Office_for_the_United_Nations_(16248319237)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Miriam Jalabi a cikin 2015]] '''Mariam Jalabi''' yar kasar Syria ce kuma mai fafutukar hakkin mata. An haife ta a babban birnin Syria, Damascus. == Tarihin rayuwa == An yi imanin cewa mahaifinta mai fafutukar siyasa ne da zamantakewa, yayin da wasu kafofin suka ambace shi a matsayin likita. Gwamnatin Siriya ta tsare ta sau da yawa, kuma dole ne ta bar Siriya tare da mahaifiyarta a cikin shekarun 1970s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Meet Mariam Jalabi, Syria |url=https://www.nobelwomensinitiative.org/meet-mariam-jalabi-syria |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=Nobel Women's Initiative |language=en}}</ref> Ta girma a [[Jamus]], [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia]] da [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517180409/https://syrianwomenpm.org/members/mariam-jalabi/ |archive-date=2025-05-17 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=The Syrian Women's Political Movement |language=en-US}}</ref> A matsayinta na mai fafutuka, ta kasance memba na 'yan adawa na [[Siriya]] ''"High Negotiation Committee Women's Advisory Committee"'', wanda ke neman tabbatar da yawa mata suna shiga cikin dukkan fannoni na tsarin siyasa a Siriya. Ta nuna cewa al'adun siyasa ta kasa da kasa da yanke shawarwari na shugabanci abu ne na maza, cewa ci gaba na da wahalar samu, kuma wannan ba matsala ba ce ta musamman ga Siriya kadai ba - ana ware mata lokacin da harkokin [[Dimokaraɗiyya|Dimokuradiyya]] na gaskiya ya tashi, haƙƙin ɗan adam da cudanya ana tura su gefe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gender equal world |url=https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303060855/https://sharingsweden.se/toolkits/gender-equal-world/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Sharing Sweden |language=en-US}}</ref> Jalabi ita ce aka kafa kungiyar siyasa ta mata ta Siriya tare da ita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bigio |first=Jamille |title=Women and the Syrian Peace Process: A Conversation with Mariam Jalabi {{!}} Council on Foreign Relations |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321190949/https://www.cfr.org/blog/women-and-syrian-peace-process-conversation-mariam-jalabi |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=www.cfr.org |language=en}}</ref> Ta jagoranci hulɗar diflomasiyya tare da Ofishin Jakadancin Dindindin a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariam Jalabi |url=https://www.unanca.org/about-us/event-speakers/mariam-jalabi |website=www.unanca.org}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == [[Sweden]] ta girmama Mariam Jalabi a cikin baje kolin tafiya "Duniya ta daidaito daga ra'ayi na - haraji ga waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don 'Yancin Mata", wanda ya ƙunshi [[Hoto (Portrait)|hotuna]] goma sha biyar na mai daukar hoto na Sweden {{Interlanguage link|Anette Brolenius|pt}} [pt], na mutanen da suka bambanta kansu a cikin gwagwarmayar' yancin Mata. Wannan nune-nunen ya faru ne a [[Portugal]] a karo na farko, yana buɗewa ga jama'a a ranar 2 ga Maris 2020, a cikin garin Funchal, a cikin Yankin Madeira mai cin gashin kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandra Ascensão Silva |title=Câmara do Funchal assinala Dia da Mulher com oito dias de actividades |url=https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064734/https://www.dnoticias.pt/madeira/camara-do-funchal-assinala-dia-da-mulher-com-oito-dias-de-actividades-DJ5821713 |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=www.dnoticias.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-02 |title=Exposição do governo da Suécia marca abertura da Semana das Mulheres na CMF |url=https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064735/https://www.jm-madeira.pt/regiao/ver/85182/Exposicao_do_governo_da_Suecia_marca_abertura_da_Semana_das_Mulheres_na_CMF |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=JM Madeira |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rocha |first=Luís |date=2020-02-28 |title=Embaixadora da Suécia no dia 2 na CMF para Semana das Mulheres 2020 |url=https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303064737/https://funchalnoticias.net/2020/02/28/embaixadora-da-suecia-no-dia-2-na-cmf-para-semana-das-mulheres-2020/ |archive-date=2020-03-03 |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Funchal Notícias |language=pt-BR}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 9kpf5hxvjpaauvhg917c3q8eg43utd3 0 148789 828132 2026-04-30T19:26:29Z Aisha Yahuza 14817 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350062510|Ayinke Saka]]" 828132 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;" |<div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ayinke Saka</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;" |Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a, Jihar Kwara |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender" |Bayani na sirri |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Kasancewa ɗan ƙasa | class="infobox-data" |Na Najeriya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Aiki | class="infobox-data" |Likita, ma'aikacin gwamnati, ɗan siyasa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |An san shi da | class="infobox-data" |Tallafin al'amuran mata, shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali na jinsi |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;" |<div></div> |} <references /> '''Ayinke Saka''' likita ne na [[Najeriya]], mai kula da jama'a, kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban zamantakewa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], a Najeriya, inda ta shiga cikin aiwatar da manufofin da suka shafi jinsi, shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a === Ayinke Saka ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a Jihar Kwara, inda take da alhakin manufofi da shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta jin daɗin mata, yara, da kungiyoyi masu rauni.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> Ta nuna damuwa a fili game da karuwar shari'o'in jima'i da cin zarafin jinsi, musamman shari'ar fyade a Jihar Kwara, tana kwatanta halin da ake ciki a matsayin mai ban tsoro da kuma kira ga matakan kariya da tilasta aiki.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |title=Kwara decries rise in rape cases |url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-decries-rise-in-rape-cases/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa === A lokacin da take aiki, ta goyi bayan kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen yada labarai da aka mayar da hankali kan inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata, gami da shirye-shirye na tantance ciwon daji kyauta don gano cutar nono da ciwon daji.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> An aiwatar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kiwon lafiya da kuma ganewar asali tsakanin mata a Jihar Kwara. <ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> === Ayyukan jama'a da shugabanci === Ayinke ya kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani na zamantakewa kuma gwamnati ta jagoranci shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a a Jihar Kwara, musamman wadanda ke da niyya ga jama'a masu rauni da ci gaban al'umma.<ref name="ilorin">{{Cite web |title=Kwara State health outreach programmes for women |url=https://www.ilorin.info/filtered.php?id=577 |publisher=Ilorin Info}}</ref> An ambaci aikinta a cikin rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai da suka shafi shugabanci, ci gaba, da aiwatar da manufofin zamantakewa a Ilorin da kuma fadin Jihar Kwara. <ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Tallafin jama'a == An san Ayinke Saka da bayar da shawarwari kan 'yancin mata, wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma al'amuran jin dadin jama'a. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan magance tashin hankali na jinsi da inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata da kungiyoyi masu rauni a cikin al'umma.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> == Hoton jama'a == An dauke ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Jihar Kwara wanda aka nuna aikinta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida dangane da harkokin mata, kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref name="guardian" /> Hotonta na jama'a yana da alaƙa da shawarwarin manufofin da suka shafi jinsi da kuma tsoma baki na kiwon lafiya na al'umma.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara * [[Mata a Najeriya|Mata a cikin siyasar Najeriya]] * [[Mata a Nijar|Rikicin jinsi a Najeriya]] * [[Kula da lafiya a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hhklror3gc62y388h4niy8u12gdcma7 828250 828132 2026-05-01T06:20:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayinke Saka''' likita ne na [[Najeriya]], mai kula da jama'a, kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban zamantakewa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], a Najeriya, inda ta shiga cikin aiwatar da manufofin da suka shafi jinsi, shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a === Ayinke Saka ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a Jihar Kwara, inda take da alhakin manufofi da shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta jin daɗin mata, yara, da kungiyoyi masu rauni.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> Ta nuna damuwa a fili game da karuwar shari'o'in jima'i da cin zarafin jinsi, musamman shari'ar fyade a Jihar Kwara, tana kwatanta halin da ake ciki a matsayin mai ban tsoro da kuma kira ga matakan kariya da tilasta aiki.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |title=Kwara decries rise in rape cases |url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-decries-rise-in-rape-cases/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa === A lokacin da take aiki, ta goyi bayan kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen yada labarai da aka mayar da hankali kan inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata, gami da shirye-shirye na tantance ciwon daji kyauta don gano cutar nono da ciwon daji.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> An aiwatar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kiwon lafiya da kuma ganewar asali tsakanin mata a Jihar Kwara. <ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> === Ayyukan jama'a da shugabanci === Ayinke ya kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani na zamantakewa kuma gwamnati ta jagoranci shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a a Jihar Kwara, musamman wadanda ke da niyya ga jama'a masu rauni da ci gaban al'umma.<ref name="ilorin">{{Cite web |title=Kwara State health outreach programmes for women |url=https://www.ilorin.info/filtered.php?id=577 |publisher=Ilorin Info}}</ref> An ambaci aikinta a cikin rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai da suka shafi shugabanci, ci gaba, da aiwatar da manufofin zamantakewa a Ilorin da kuma fadin Jihar Kwara. <ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Tallafin jama'a == An san Ayinke Saka da bayar da shawarwari kan 'yancin mata, wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma al'amuran jin dadin jama'a. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan magance tashin hankali na jinsi da inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata da kungiyoyi masu rauni a cikin al'umma.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> == Hoton jama'a == An dauke ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Jihar Kwara wanda aka nuna aikinta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida dangane da harkokin mata, kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref name="guardian" /> Hotonta na jama'a yana da alaƙa da shawarwarin manufofin da suka shafi jinsi da kuma tsoma baki na kiwon lafiya na al'umma.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara * [[Mata a Najeriya|Mata a cikin siyasar Najeriya]] * [[Mata a Nijar|Rikicin jinsi a Najeriya]] * [[Kula da lafiya a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t5e9yqnrr2dvg3sixtlnxxld1g5ncud 828251 828250 2026-05-01T06:23:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa */ 828251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayinke Saka''' likita ne na [[Najeriya]], mai kula da jama'a, kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban zamantakewa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], a Najeriya, inda ta shiga cikin aiwatar da manufofin da suka shafi jinsi, shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a === Ayinke Saka ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a Jihar Kwara, inda take da alhakin manufofi da shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta jin daɗin mata, yara, da kungiyoyi masu rauni.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> Ta nuna damuwa a fili game da karuwar shari'o'in jima'i da cin zarafin jinsi, musamman shari'ar fyade a Jihar Kwara, tana kwatanta halin da ake ciki a matsayin mai ban tsoro da kuma kira ga matakan kariya da tilasta aiki.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |title=Kwara decries rise in rape cases |url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-decries-rise-in-rape-cases/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa === A lokacin da take aiki, ta goyi bayan kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen yada labarai da aka mayar da hankali kan inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata, gami da shirye-shirye na tantance ciwon daji kyauta don gano cutar nono da ciwon daji.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> An aiwatar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kiwon lafiya da kuma ganewar asali tsakanin mata a Jihar Kwara.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> === Ayyukan jama'a da shugabanci === Ayinke ya kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani na zamantakewa kuma gwamnati ta jagoranci shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a a Jihar Kwara, musamman wadanda ke da niyya ga jama'a masu rauni da ci gaban al'umma.<ref name="ilorin">{{Cite web |title=Kwara State health outreach programmes for women |url=https://www.ilorin.info/filtered.php?id=577 |publisher=Ilorin Info}}</ref> An ambaci aikinta a cikin rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai da suka shafi shugabanci, ci gaba, da aiwatar da manufofin zamantakewa a Ilorin da kuma fadin Jihar Kwara. <ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Tallafin jama'a == An san Ayinke Saka da bayar da shawarwari kan 'yancin mata, wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma al'amuran jin dadin jama'a. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan magance tashin hankali na jinsi da inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata da kungiyoyi masu rauni a cikin al'umma.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> == Hoton jama'a == An dauke ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Jihar Kwara wanda aka nuna aikinta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida dangane da harkokin mata, kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref name="guardian" /> Hotonta na jama'a yana da alaƙa da shawarwarin manufofin da suka shafi jinsi da kuma tsoma baki na kiwon lafiya na al'umma.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara * [[Mata a Najeriya|Mata a cikin siyasar Najeriya]] * [[Mata a Nijar|Rikicin jinsi a Najeriya]] * [[Kula da lafiya a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] gvn24ppx31x8vwk0aqm1jxlddzv8kq8 828252 828251 2026-05-01T06:23:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Hoton jama'a */ 828252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayinke Saka''' likita ne na [[Najeriya]], mai kula da jama'a, kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban zamantakewa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], a Najeriya, inda ta shiga cikin aiwatar da manufofin da suka shafi jinsi, shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a === Ayinke Saka ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a Jihar Kwara, inda take da alhakin manufofi da shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta jin daɗin mata, yara, da kungiyoyi masu rauni.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> Ta nuna damuwa a fili game da karuwar shari'o'in jima'i da cin zarafin jinsi, musamman shari'ar fyade a Jihar Kwara, tana kwatanta halin da ake ciki a matsayin mai ban tsoro da kuma kira ga matakan kariya da tilasta aiki.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |title=Kwara decries rise in rape cases |url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-decries-rise-in-rape-cases/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa === A lokacin da take aiki, ta goyi bayan kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen yada labarai da aka mayar da hankali kan inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata, gami da shirye-shirye na tantance ciwon daji kyauta don gano cutar nono da ciwon daji.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> An aiwatar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kiwon lafiya da kuma ganewar asali tsakanin mata a Jihar Kwara.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> === Ayyukan jama'a da shugabanci === Ayinke ya kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani na zamantakewa kuma gwamnati ta jagoranci shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a a Jihar Kwara, musamman wadanda ke da niyya ga jama'a masu rauni da ci gaban al'umma.<ref name="ilorin">{{Cite web |title=Kwara State health outreach programmes for women |url=https://www.ilorin.info/filtered.php?id=577 |publisher=Ilorin Info}}</ref> An ambaci aikinta a cikin rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai da suka shafi shugabanci, ci gaba, da aiwatar da manufofin zamantakewa a Ilorin da kuma fadin Jihar Kwara. <ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Tallafin jama'a == An san Ayinke Saka da bayar da shawarwari kan 'yancin mata, wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma al'amuran jin dadin jama'a. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan magance tashin hankali na jinsi da inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata da kungiyoyi masu rauni a cikin al'umma.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> == Yadda jama'a ke ganinta == An dauke ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Jihar Kwara wanda aka nuna aikinta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida dangane da harkokin mata, kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref name="guardian" /> Hotonta na jama'a yana da alaƙa da shawarwarin manufofin da suka shafi jinsi da kuma tsoma baki na kiwon lafiya na al'umma.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara * [[Mata a Najeriya|Mata a cikin siyasar Najeriya]] * [[Mata a Nijar|Rikicin jinsi a Najeriya]] * [[Kula da lafiya a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] bprjyj4h9ogtn59k8ebadl5bpioqwn9 828253 828252 2026-05-01T06:24:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Yadda jama'a ke ganinta */ 828253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ayinke Saka''' likita ne na [[Najeriya]], mai kula da jama'a, kuma mai ba da shawara kan ci gaban zamantakewa. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]], a Najeriya, inda ta shiga cikin aiwatar da manufofin da suka shafi jinsi, shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Ayyuka == === Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a === Ayinke Saka ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Harkokin Mata da Ci gaban Jama'a a Jihar Kwara, inda take da alhakin manufofi da shirye-shiryen da ke da niyyar inganta jin daɗin mata, yara, da kungiyoyi masu rauni.<ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> Ta nuna damuwa a fili game da karuwar shari'o'in jima'i da cin zarafin jinsi, musamman shari'ar fyade a Jihar Kwara, tana kwatanta halin da ake ciki a matsayin mai ban tsoro da kuma kira ga matakan kariya da tilasta aiki.<ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |title=Kwara decries rise in rape cases |url=https://guardian.ng/news/kwara-decries-rise-in-rape-cases/ |publisher=The Guardian Nigeria}}</ref> === Shirye-shiryen kiwon lafiya da ci gaban zamantakewa === A lokacin da take aiki, ta goyi bayan kuma ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen yada labarai da aka mayar da hankali kan inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata, gami da shirye-shirye na tantance ciwon daji kyauta don gano cutar nono da ciwon daji.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> An aiwatar da waɗannan shirye-shiryen tare da hadin gwiwar hukumomin gwamnati da kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da kiwon lafiya da kuma ganewar asali tsakanin mata a Jihar Kwara.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> === Ayyukan jama'a da shugabanci === Ayinke ya kuma shiga cikin shirye-shiryen shiga tsakani na zamantakewa kuma gwamnati ta jagoranci shirye-shirye na jin dadin jama'a a Jihar Kwara, musamman wadanda ke da niyya ga jama'a masu rauni da ci gaban al'umma.<ref name="ilorin">{{Cite web |title=Kwara State health outreach programmes for women |url=https://www.ilorin.info/filtered.php?id=577 |publisher=Ilorin Info}}</ref> An ambaci aikinta a cikin rahotanni na kafofin watsa labarai da suka shafi shugabanci, ci gaba, da aiwatar da manufofin zamantakewa a Ilorin da kuma fadin Jihar Kwara. <ref name="royal">{{Cite web |title=Emir Sulu-Gambari is an architect of modern Ilorin Emirate—Ayinke Saka |url=https://royalnews.com.ng/emir-sulu-gambari-is-an-architect-of-modern-ilorin-emirate-ayinke-saka/ |publisher=Royal News Nigeria}}</ref> == Tallafin jama'a == An san Ayinke Saka da bayar da shawarwari kan 'yancin mata, wayar da kan jama'a, da kuma al'amuran jin dadin jama'a. Ayyukanta sun mayar da hankali kan magance tashin hankali na jinsi da inganta damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya ga mata da kungiyoyi masu rauni a cikin al'umma.<ref name="premium">{{Cite web |title=Kwara govt partners NGO on free cancer screening for women |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/north-central/243818-kwara-govt-partners-ngo-on-free-cancer-screening-for-women.html |publisher=Premium Times}}</ref> == Yadda jama'a ke ganinta == An dauke ta a matsayin ma'aikaciyar gwamnati a Jihar Kwara wanda aka nuna aikinta a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na gida dangane da harkokin mata, kiwon lafiya, da shirye-shiryen ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref name="guardian" /> Yadda jama'a ke ganinta yana da alaƙa da shawarwarin manufofin da suka shafi jinsi da kuma tsoma baki a kan kiwon lafiya na al'umma.<ref name="independent">{{Cite web |title=NGO screens women for breast cancer in Kwara |url=https://independent.ng/ngo-screens-2000-women-for-breast-cancer/ |publisher=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Gwamnatin Jihar Kwara * [[Mata a Najeriya|Mata a cikin siyasar Najeriya]] * [[Mata a Nijar|Rikicin jinsi a Najeriya]] * [[Kula da lafiya a Najeriya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Gwamnonin Nijeriya]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 5klsmn45x24von7bz81cl7wx6op067s 0 148790 828137 2026-04-30T19:48:17Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349912651|Kateryna Kuznetsova]]" 828137 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Fayil:Kateryna_Kuznetsova1.jpg|thumb|Kuznetsova da Mariia Popyk ta ɗauka, 2025]] '''Kateryna Olehivna Kuznietsova''' (Yukren; an haife ta 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1987) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Yukren. == Rayuwa == Kuznetsova ta raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Kyiv "Vognyk" tun tana yarinya kuma matashiya. Da farko ta yi kudirin zama mawaƙiyar opera, amma daga ƙarshe ta yanke shawarar yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wasanni, Fim da Talabijin ta Ivan Karpenko-Karyi a Kyiv. Ta kammala karatunta a shekara ta 2009. Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2005 a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan sanda Vozvrashchenie Mukhtara kuma, yayin da take daliba, ta gabatar da shirin talabijin na karin kumallo a Pershyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Екатерина Кузнецова |url=https://24smi.org/celebrity/1363-ekaterina-kuznetsova.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=24SMI |language=ru}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ta koma [[Moscow]] don samun dama don jarumai a kasuwar Rasha, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a Yukren. Hotonta na Maya Savelieva a cikin kashi na 160 a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha ''Serdtsu ne prikazhesh'' ya kawo mata karbuwa a Rasha da Ukraine tun daga 2007. A shekara ta 2008, Kuznetsova ta fara fim dinta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Rasha ''Zhenshchina, ne sklonnaya k avantyuram'' a matsayin ''Anzhela'' . Daga shekara ta 2010, ta taka rawar mata a cikin dukkan abubuwan 100 na jerin shirye-shiryen soyayya na Rasha Tilky kokHanya kuma ta bayyana a cikin sitcom na Rasha ''Kukhnya'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tv.ua |date=2014-11-21 |title=Кухня: актриса Екатерина Кузнецова рассказала о причинах разногласий с мужем |url=https://tv.ua/interview/906624-kukhnya-aktrisa-ekaterina-kuznecova-rasskazala-o-prichinakh-raznoglasijj-s-muzhem |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=tv.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-23 |title=Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}</ref> Ƙarin matsayi a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin sun biyo baya, ciki har da Koroleva banditov (2013), ''Allah v Toskane'' (2015), da ''Anka s Moldavanki'' (2015). Daga shekara ta 2017, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta likitan zuciya ''Varvara'' a cikin jerin soyayya na ''Krugovorot'' . Matsayi da yawa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Rasha sun biyo baya, ciki har da ''Znakhar'' (2019), ''Zhurnalyugi'' (2020), ''Vampiry sredney polosy'' (2021), da ''Treyder'' (2023). A shekara ta 2022, ta bar Moscow bayan mamayar Rasha a Ukraine, kuma ta nisanta kanta daga ayyukan Rasha, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Відома українська акторка розповіла, чи її коханий-росіянин змінюватиме громадянство |url=https://focus.ua/uk/lifestyle/605140-vidoma-ukrajinska-aktorka-rozpovila-chi-jiji-kohaniy-rosiyanin-zminyuvatime-gromadyanstvo |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ФОКУС |language=uk}}</ref> kuma ta koma Spain. A cikin 2025, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Ukraine ''KokHanya ta polumya'' da ''Lyubov, yak vona'' ye. A cikin 2026, ta rera ''Polina'' a cikin wasan barkwanci na ''Vyprobuvalnyi Termin'' kuma a cikin wasan barkwanci ''Nu mam!'' , wanda aka kuma nuna a gidajen kallo na Jamus. Ta taka rawa a cikin Потяг a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-05 |title=Вийшов тизер-трейлер «Потяг у 31 грудня» - саундтреком до фільму стала пісня Klavdia Petrivna |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/3923841-vijsov-tizertrejler-potag-u-31-grudna-saundtrekom-do-filmu-stala-pisna-klavdia-petrivna.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |language=uk}}</ref> == Rayuwar ta == Kuznetsova 'ya ce ga 'yar wasan tseren Yukren Alla Borysenko da kuma dan wasan kwallon kafa na Yukren Oleh Kuznetsov.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Катерина Кузнєцова показала свого відомого батька в молодості і привітала його з важливим святом |url=https://tsn.ua/glamur/kateryna-kuznyetsova-pokazala-svoho-vidomoho-batka-v-molodosti-i-pryvitala-yoho-z-vazlyvym-sviatom-3046481.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ТСН.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-23 |title=Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday "Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday"]. ''Ukrainian National News (UNN)''. 23 March 2026<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 2005 zuwa 2014, ta yi alaka da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Yevgeny Pronin, kuma sun yi aure na watanni shida kafin su rabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Катерина Кузнєцова розповіла, як розкрила зраду першого чоловіка: "Це був подарунок долі" |url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/styler/katerina-kuznetsova-rozpovila-k-rozkrila-1744980475.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=РБК-Украина |language=uk}}</ref> Daga 2017 zuwa 2025, tayi alaka da ɗan kasuwa na Rasha Maxim Aplin, kuma sun yi aure daga 2021 har zuwa rabuwarsu a 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-12 |title=Катерина Кузнєцова розійшлася з нареченим-росіянином через вісім років стосунків і зробила заяву |url=https://tsn.ua/glamur/kateryna-kuznyetsova-roziyshlasia-z-narechenym-rosiianynom-cherez-visim-rokiv-stosunkiv-i-zrobyla-zaiavu-2868485.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ТСН.ua |language=uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuznetsova, Kateryna}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] 315fnnludfgv6basnb0ztsgcf4f02xt 828138 828137 2026-04-30T19:48:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828138 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Fayil:Kateryna_Kuznetsova1.jpg|thumb|Kuznetsova da Mariia Popyk ta ɗauka, 2025]] '''Kateryna Olehivna Kuznietsova''' (Yukren; an haife ta 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1987) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Yukren. == Rayuwa == Kuznetsova ta raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Kyiv "Vognyk" tun tana yarinya kuma matashiya. Da farko ta yi kudirin zama mawaƙiyar opera, amma daga ƙarshe ta yanke shawarar yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wasanni, Fim da Talabijin ta Ivan Karpenko-Karyi a Kyiv. Ta kammala karatunta a shekara ta 2009. Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2005 a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan sanda Vozvrashchenie Mukhtara kuma, yayin da take daliba, ta gabatar da shirin talabijin na karin kumallo a Pershyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Екатерина Кузнецова |url=https://24smi.org/celebrity/1363-ekaterina-kuznetsova.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=24SMI |language=ru}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ta koma [[Moscow]] don samun dama don jarumai a kasuwar Rasha, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a Yukren. Hotonta na Maya Savelieva a cikin kashi na 160 a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha ''Serdtsu ne prikazhesh'' ya kawo mata karbuwa a Rasha da Ukraine tun daga 2007. A shekara ta 2008, Kuznetsova ta fara fim dinta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Rasha ''Zhenshchina, ne sklonnaya k avantyuram'' a matsayin ''Anzhela'' . Daga shekara ta 2010, ta taka rawar mata a cikin dukkan abubuwan 100 na jerin shirye-shiryen soyayya na Rasha Tilky kokHanya kuma ta bayyana a cikin sitcom na Rasha ''Kukhnya'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tv.ua |date=2014-11-21 |title=Кухня: актриса Екатерина Кузнецова рассказала о причинах разногласий с мужем |url=https://tv.ua/interview/906624-kukhnya-aktrisa-ekaterina-kuznecova-rasskazala-o-prichinakh-raznoglasijj-s-muzhem |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=tv.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-23 |title=Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}</ref> Ƙarin matsayi a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin sun biyo baya, ciki har da Koroleva banditov (2013), ''Allah v Toskane'' (2015), da ''Anka s Moldavanki'' (2015). Daga shekara ta 2017, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta likitan zuciya ''Varvara'' a cikin jerin soyayya na ''Krugovorot'' . Matsayi da yawa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Rasha sun biyo baya, ciki har da ''Znakhar'' (2019), ''Zhurnalyugi'' (2020), ''Vampiry sredney polosy'' (2021), da ''Treyder'' (2023). A shekara ta 2022, ta bar Moscow bayan mamayar Rasha a Ukraine, kuma ta nisanta kanta daga ayyukan Rasha, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Відома українська акторка розповіла, чи її коханий-росіянин змінюватиме громадянство |url=https://focus.ua/uk/lifestyle/605140-vidoma-ukrajinska-aktorka-rozpovila-chi-jiji-kohaniy-rosiyanin-zminyuvatime-gromadyanstvo |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ФОКУС |language=uk}}</ref> kuma ta koma Spain. A cikin 2025, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Ukraine ''KokHanya ta polumya'' da ''Lyubov, yak vona'' ye. A cikin 2026, ta rera ''Polina'' a cikin wasan barkwanci na ''Vyprobuvalnyi Termin'' kuma a cikin wasan barkwanci ''Nu mam!'' , wanda aka kuma nuna a gidajen kallo na Jamus. Ta taka rawa a cikin Потяг a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-05 |title=Вийшов тизер-трейлер «Потяг у 31 грудня» - саундтреком до фільму стала пісня Klavdia Petrivna |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/3923841-vijsov-tizertrejler-potag-u-31-grudna-saundtrekom-do-filmu-stala-pisna-klavdia-petrivna.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |language=uk}}</ref> == Rayuwar ta == Kuznetsova 'ya ce ga 'yar wasan tseren Yukren Alla Borysenko da kuma dan wasan kwallon kafa na Yukren Oleh Kuznetsov.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Катерина Кузнєцова показала свого відомого батька в молодості і привітала його з важливим святом |url=https://tsn.ua/glamur/kateryna-kuznyetsova-pokazala-svoho-vidomoho-batka-v-molodosti-i-pryvitala-yoho-z-vazlyvym-sviatom-3046481.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ТСН.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-23 |title=Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday "Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday"]. ''Ukrainian National News (UNN)''. 23 March 2026<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 2005 zuwa 2014, ta yi alaka da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Yevgeny Pronin, kuma sun yi aure na watanni shida kafin su rabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Катерина Кузнєцова розповіла, як розкрила зраду першого чоловіка: "Це був подарунок долі" |url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/styler/katerina-kuznetsova-rozpovila-k-rozkrila-1744980475.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=РБК-Украина |language=uk}}</ref> Daga 2017 zuwa 2025, tayi alaka da ɗan kasuwa na Rasha Maxim Aplin, kuma sun yi aure daga 2021 har zuwa rabuwarsu a 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-12 |title=Катерина Кузнєцова розійшлася з нареченим-росіянином через вісім років стосунків і зробила заяву |url=https://tsn.ua/glamur/kateryna-kuznyetsova-roziyshlasia-z-narechenym-rosiianynom-cherez-visim-rokiv-stosunkiv-i-zrobyla-zaiavu-2868485.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ТСН.ua |language=uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuznetsova, Kateryna}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] ofi356wyqesskjbtb8h588720k2ipay 828139 828138 2026-04-30T19:50:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rayuwar ta */ 828139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  [[Fayil:Kateryna_Kuznetsova1.jpg|thumb|Kuznetsova da Mariia Popyk ta ɗauka, 2025]] '''Kateryna Olehivna Kuznietsova''' (Yukren; an haife ta 12 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1987) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Yukren. == Rayuwa == Kuznetsova ta raira waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Kyiv "Vognyk" tun tana yarinya kuma matashiya. Da farko ta yi kudirin zama mawaƙiyar opera, amma daga ƙarshe ta yanke shawarar yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Wasanni, Fim da Talabijin ta Ivan Karpenko-Karyi a Kyiv. Ta kammala karatunta a shekara ta 2009. Ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a shekara ta 2005 a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na 'yan sanda Vozvrashchenie Mukhtara kuma, yayin da take daliba, ta gabatar da shirin talabijin na karin kumallo a Pershyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Екатерина Кузнецова |url=https://24smi.org/celebrity/1363-ekaterina-kuznetsova.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=24SMI |language=ru}}</ref> A halin yanzu, ta koma [[Moscow]] don samun dama don jarumai a kasuwar Rasha, amma ta ci gaba da aiki a Yukren. Hotonta na Maya Savelieva a cikin kashi na 160 a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha ''Serdtsu ne prikazhesh'' ya kawo mata karbuwa a Rasha da Ukraine tun daga 2007. A shekara ta 2008, Kuznetsova ta fara fim dinta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin na Rasha ''Zhenshchina, ne sklonnaya k avantyuram'' a matsayin ''Anzhela'' . Daga shekara ta 2010, ta taka rawar mata a cikin dukkan abubuwan 100 na jerin shirye-shiryen soyayya na Rasha Tilky kokHanya kuma ta bayyana a cikin sitcom na Rasha ''Kukhnya'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=tv.ua |date=2014-11-21 |title=Кухня: актриса Екатерина Кузнецова рассказала о причинах разногласий с мужем |url=https://tv.ua/interview/906624-kukhnya-aktrisa-ekaterina-kuznecova-rasskazala-o-prichinakh-raznoglasijj-s-muzhem |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=tv.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-23 |title=Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}</ref> Ƙarin matsayi a fina-finai da jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin sun biyo baya, ciki har da Koroleva banditov (2013), ''Allah v Toskane'' (2015), da ''Anka s Moldavanki'' (2015). Daga shekara ta 2017, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa ta likitan zuciya ''Varvara'' a cikin jerin soyayya na ''Krugovorot'' . Matsayi da yawa a cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Rasha sun biyo baya, ciki har da ''Znakhar'' (2019), ''Zhurnalyugi'' (2020), ''Vampiry sredney polosy'' (2021), da ''Treyder'' (2023). A shekara ta 2022, ta bar Moscow bayan mamayar Rasha a Ukraine, kuma ta nisanta kanta daga ayyukan Rasha, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Відома українська акторка розповіла, чи її коханий-росіянин змінюватиме громадянство |url=https://focus.ua/uk/lifestyle/605140-vidoma-ukrajinska-aktorka-rozpovila-chi-jiji-kohaniy-rosiyanin-zminyuvatime-gromadyanstvo |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ФОКУС |language=uk}}</ref> kuma ta koma Spain. A cikin 2025, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Ukraine ''KokHanya ta polumya'' da ''Lyubov, yak vona'' ye. A cikin 2026, ta rera ''Polina'' a cikin wasan barkwanci na ''Vyprobuvalnyi Termin'' kuma a cikin wasan barkwanci ''Nu mam!'' , wanda aka kuma nuna a gidajen kallo na Jamus. Ta taka rawa a cikin Потяг a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-05 |title=Вийшов тизер-трейлер «Потяг у 31 грудня» - саундтреком до фільму стала пісня Klavdia Petrivna |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-culture/3923841-vijsov-tizertrejler-potag-u-31-grudna-saundtrekom-do-filmu-stala-pisna-klavdia-petrivna.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=www.ukrinform.ua |language=uk}}</ref> == Rayuwar ta == Kuznetsova 'ya ce ga 'yar wasan tseren Yukren Alla Borysenko da kuma dan wasan kwallon kafa na Yukren Oleh Kuznetsov.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-22 |title=Катерина Кузнєцова показала свого відомого батька в молодості і привітала його з важливим святом |url=https://tsn.ua/glamur/kateryna-kuznyetsova-pokazala-svoho-vidomoho-batka-v-molodosti-i-pryvitala-yoho-z-vazlyvym-sviatom-3046481.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ТСН.ua |language=uk}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2026-03-23 |title=Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday |url=https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=Ukrainian National News (UNN) |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://unn.ua/en/news/star-of-kitchen-kateryna-kuznetsova-publicly-congratulated-her-star-father-on-his-birthday "Star of "Kitchen" Kateryna Kuznetsova publicly congratulated her star father on his birthday"]. ''Ukrainian National News (UNN)''. 23 March 2026<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> Daga 2005 zuwa 2014, ta yi alaka da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha Yevgeny Pronin, kuma sun yi aure na watanni shida kafin su rabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Катерина Кузнєцова розповіла, як розкрила зраду першого чоловіка: "Це був подарунок долі" |url=https://www.rbc.ua/rus/styler/katerina-kuznetsova-rozpovila-k-rozkrila-1744980475.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=РБК-Украина |language=uk}}</ref> Daga 2017 zuwa 2025, tayi alaka da ɗan kasuwa na Rasha Maxim Aplin, kuma sun yi aure daga 2021 har zuwa rabuwarsu a 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-12 |title=Катерина Кузнєцова розійшлася з нареченим-росіянином через вісім років стосунків і зробила заяву |url=https://tsn.ua/glamur/kateryna-kuznyetsova-roziyshlasia-z-narechenym-rosiianynom-cherez-visim-rokiv-stosunkiv-i-zrobyla-zaiavu-2868485.html |access-date=2026-04-07 |website=ТСН.ua |language=uk}}</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Kuznetsova, Kateryna}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]] 4x2apfwjy09hwdvoe7l81ufyywabe6e 0 148791 828144 2026-04-30T20:12:55Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349589416|Slovo House (2021 film)]]" 828144 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Gidan Slovo: Littafin da ba'a gama ba (Ukrainian): Budynok "Slovo": Neskinchenyi roman) fim ne na Yukren wanda Taras Tomenko ya jagoranta. fim din ya gabatar da Labari mai ban mamaki game da marubutan Yukren waɗanda aka tattara su a ƙarƙashin rufi guda kuma aka tilasta su suyi aiki da don Tsarin Soviet. Labari ne game da yadda aljannar kwaminisanci ta zama jahannamar kwaminis. An fara gabatar da fim din a shekara ta 2021 a bikin fina-finai na 37 na Warsaw. An gudanar da bikin farko na Yukreb a Chernivtsi a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022 a bikin Mykolaichuk OPEN. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref> An fitar da fim din ga gidajen kallo a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2024. == Labari == A cikin 1927, an gina wani gini na musamman a [[Kharkiv]] bisa umarnin [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]. Masu fasaha na musamman a Ukraine - mawaƙa, marubuta, masu zane-zanen, da daraktoci - sun taru a wajen. A wannan lokacin, ba da wuri a cikin wannan ginin ya riga ya zama alamar girmamawa ne sosai ga kowane mutum mai fasaha. Wata rana, wani sabon shiga ya bayyana. Yana aiki a matsayin mai nazarin jarida kuma yana mafarkin shiga cikin manyan marubuta. Don samun wuri a cikin gidan, yana buƙatar baiwa na musamman - baiwa don sauraro da kuma bayar da rahoton duk abin da ya ji ga wakilin [[NKVD]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * Dmytro Vikulov a matsayin Ostap Vyshnya * {{Interlanguage link|Borys Heorhiyivskyi|uk|Георгієвський Борис Володимирович}} * {{Interlanguage link|Ihor Hniezdilov|uk|Гнєзділов Ігор Євгенович}} * Eugene Hütz * Denys Drachevskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Ostap Dziadek|uk|Дзядек Остап Васильович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Vasily Sedlyar|Vasil Sedlyar]] * {{Interlanguage link|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko|uk|Довженко В'ячеслав Валерійович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykola Khvylovy]] <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Підгора-Гвяздовський |first=Ярослав |date=2018-08-02 |title=Кіборги стали поетами: як знімають ігровий фільм «Будинок "Слово"» про Розстріляне Відродження |url=https://detector.media/production/article/139832/2018-08-02-kiborgy-staly-poetamy-yak-znimayut-igrovyy-film-budynok-slovo-pro-rozstrilyane-vidrodzhennya/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}}</ref> * {{Interlanguage link|Oleh Ivanytsia|uk|Іваниця Олег Петрович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga [[Jamus]] ([[Bertolt Brecht]]), wanda ya yaba da aikin Komunary, wanda ake zargin Akimov ne ya rubuta shi * {{Interlanguage link|Andriy Isaienko|uk|Ісаєнко Андрій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Maik Yohansen]] <ref name=":1" /> * {{Interlanguage link|Maryna Koshkina|uk|Кошкіна Марина Олександрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Halia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Slava Krasovska|uk|Красовська Станіслава Вадимівна}} [uk] a matsayin [[Natalia Uzhviy]] * {{Interlanguage link|Yevhen Lamakh|uk|Ламах Євген Олегович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Ivan Bahrianyi]] * {{Interlanguage link|Andrii Mai|uk|Май Андрій Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Volodymyr Sosiura]] * {{Interlanguage link|Nina Naboka|uk|Набока Ніна Петрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Valia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Yurii Odynokyi|uk|Одинокий Юрій Дмитрович}} [uk] a matsayin Mener, jami'in NKVD <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=В Україні розпочалися зйомки художнього фільму "Будинок "Слово" - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501013121/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=2022-05-01 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dmytro Oliinyk a matsayin Volodymyr Akimov <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kushnirchuk |first=Natalia |date=2024-05-17 |title=«Я ненавиджу свого персонажа» — Дмитро Олійник про роль у «Будинок "Слово". Нескінчений роман» |url=https://chytomo.com/ia-nenavydzhu-svoho-personazha-dmytro-olijnyk-pro-rol-u-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=chytomo.com |language=uk}}</ref> * Dmytro Orlov * Anzhelika Petrovska a matsayin mai sayar da furanni * {{Interlanguage link|Hennadii Popenko|uk|Попенко Геннадій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykhail Semenko]] <ref name=":1" /> * Vasyl Tokar a matsayin Mykhas Semenko, ɗan Mykhail Semenko * Tiana Reis * Svitlana Salatska * Olena Svitlytska a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Valentyna Chystiakova|uk|Чистякова Валентина Миколаївна}} [uk] * Serafima * Anna Sokolova * Stanislav Suknenko a matsayin Les Kurbas * {{Interlanguage link|Kostiantyn Temliak|uk|Темляк Костянтин Олександрович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Pavlo Tychyna]] * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Khalaiimov|uk|Халаімов Роман Сергійович}} [uk] a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Arkadii Liubchenko|uk|Любченко Аркадій Панасович}} [uk] * Valeriya Khodos a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Raіsa Troianker|uk|Троянкер Раїса Львівна}} [uk] * Yuliia Chepurko a matsayin Mariia Sosiura * Dmytro Chernov a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Ivan Mykytenko|uk|Микитенко Іван Кіндратович}} [uk] * Denys Shchatskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Oleksandr Yarema|uk|Ярема Олександр Михайлович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga Jamus * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Yasinovskyi|uk|Ясіновський Роман Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Hryhorii Epik]] <ref name=":1" /> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa a Košice, wanda aka gudanar daga 8 zuwa 10 Yuni 2022, fim din ya lashe kyautar fim na musamman. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFПоліна_ГОРЛАЧ2022">Поліна ГОРЛАЧ (2022-06-17). [https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ "Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице"]. ''Суспільне''.</cite></ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, fim din ya sami kyaututtuka hudu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na I Will Tell a [[Florida]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Будинок «Слово. Нескінчений роман» отримав нагороди на I Will Tell International Film Festival |url=https://usfa.gov.ua/press-center/budynok-slovo-neskinchenyy-roman-otrymav-nagorody-na-i-will-tell-international-film-festival-i12469 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=usfa.gov.ua |language=uk-Uk}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2024, Metropolitan Epiphanius, Firayim Minista na Cocin Orthodox na Yukreb, ya sadu da masu kirkirar fim din a gidansa kuma ya gabatar da girmamawar coci ga masu shirya fina-finai da masu ba da gudummawa ga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-06-01 |title=Предстоятель відзначив творців фільму «Будинок "Слово": Нескінчений роман» |url=https://www.pomisna.info/uk/vsi-novyny/predstoyatel-vidznachyv-tvortsiv-filmu-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=OCU |language=uk}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ginin Slovo * [[Slovo House (fim din 2017)|Gidan Slovo (fim na 2017)]] * An yi amfani da Renaissance == Manazarta == <references /> == Tushe == * {{Cite web |last=Якимчук |first=Любов |date=17 May 2024 |title=З чого ми збудували «Будинок "Слово"». Відповідаючи глядачам |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/shcho-potribno-znati-pro-film-budinok-slovo-7-zapitan-do-scenaristki-lyubi-yakimchuk-301595/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}} * {{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}} * {{Cite web |last=Кокотюха |first=Андрій |date=2024-05-17 |title=Знищені митці в попкультурі: а чому б і ні? |url=https://detector.media/kritika/article/226968/2024-05-17-znyshcheni-myttsi-v-popkulturi-a-chomu-b-i-ni/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}} *   *   * Semaniyac B. Buddha - gurasar don rubuce-rubuce na UNF// "Vільне jaine плюс". - 2024. - 19 da kuma. [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2021]] gdgd0rp6jb1qc306vhkjydq8xiutj2m 828145 828144 2026-04-30T20:14:08Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828145 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Gidan Slovo: Littafin da ba'a gama ba''' (Ukrainian): Budynok "Slovo": Neskinchenyi roman) fim ne na Yukren wanda Taras Tomenko ya jagoranta. fim din ya gabatar da Labari mai ban mamaki game da marubutan Yukren waɗanda aka tattara su a ƙarƙashin rufi guda kuma aka tilasta su suyi aiki da don Tsarin Soviet. Labari ne game da yadda aljannar kwaminisanci ta zama jahannamar kwaminis. An fara gabatar da fim din a shekara ta 2021 a bikin fina-finai na 37 na Warsaw. An gudanar da bikin farko na Yukreb a Chernivtsi a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022 a bikin Mykolaichuk OPEN. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref> An fitar da fim din ga gidajen kallo a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2024. == Labari == A cikin 1927, an gina wani gini na musamman a [[Kharkiv]] bisa umarnin [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]. Masu fasaha na musamman a Ukraine - mawaƙa, marubuta, masu zane-zanen, da daraktoci - sun taru a wajen. A wannan lokacin, ba da wuri a cikin wannan ginin ya riga ya zama alamar girmamawa ne sosai ga kowane mutum mai fasaha. Wata rana, wani sabon shiga ya bayyana. Yana aiki a matsayin mai nazarin jarida kuma yana mafarkin shiga cikin manyan marubuta. Don samun wuri a cikin gidan, yana buƙatar baiwa na musamman - baiwa don sauraro da kuma bayar da rahoton duk abin da ya ji ga wakilin [[NKVD]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * Dmytro Vikulov a matsayin Ostap Vyshnya * {{Interlanguage link|Borys Heorhiyivskyi|uk|Георгієвський Борис Володимирович}} * {{Interlanguage link|Ihor Hniezdilov|uk|Гнєзділов Ігор Євгенович}} * Eugene Hütz * Denys Drachevskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Ostap Dziadek|uk|Дзядек Остап Васильович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Vasily Sedlyar|Vasil Sedlyar]] * {{Interlanguage link|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko|uk|Довженко В'ячеслав Валерійович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykola Khvylovy]] <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Підгора-Гвяздовський |first=Ярослав |date=2018-08-02 |title=Кіборги стали поетами: як знімають ігровий фільм «Будинок "Слово"» про Розстріляне Відродження |url=https://detector.media/production/article/139832/2018-08-02-kiborgy-staly-poetamy-yak-znimayut-igrovyy-film-budynok-slovo-pro-rozstrilyane-vidrodzhennya/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}}</ref> * {{Interlanguage link|Oleh Ivanytsia|uk|Іваниця Олег Петрович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga [[Jamus]] ([[Bertolt Brecht]]), wanda ya yaba da aikin Komunary, wanda ake zargin Akimov ne ya rubuta shi * {{Interlanguage link|Andriy Isaienko|uk|Ісаєнко Андрій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Maik Yohansen]] <ref name=":1" /> * {{Interlanguage link|Maryna Koshkina|uk|Кошкіна Марина Олександрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Halia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Slava Krasovska|uk|Красовська Станіслава Вадимівна}} [uk] a matsayin [[Natalia Uzhviy]] * {{Interlanguage link|Yevhen Lamakh|uk|Ламах Євген Олегович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Ivan Bahrianyi]] * {{Interlanguage link|Andrii Mai|uk|Май Андрій Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Volodymyr Sosiura]] * {{Interlanguage link|Nina Naboka|uk|Набока Ніна Петрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Valia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Yurii Odynokyi|uk|Одинокий Юрій Дмитрович}} [uk] a matsayin Mener, jami'in NKVD <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=В Україні розпочалися зйомки художнього фільму "Будинок "Слово" - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501013121/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=2022-05-01 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dmytro Oliinyk a matsayin Volodymyr Akimov <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kushnirchuk |first=Natalia |date=2024-05-17 |title=«Я ненавиджу свого персонажа» — Дмитро Олійник про роль у «Будинок "Слово". Нескінчений роман» |url=https://chytomo.com/ia-nenavydzhu-svoho-personazha-dmytro-olijnyk-pro-rol-u-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=chytomo.com |language=uk}}</ref> * Dmytro Orlov * Anzhelika Petrovska a matsayin mai sayar da furanni * {{Interlanguage link|Hennadii Popenko|uk|Попенко Геннадій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykhail Semenko]] <ref name=":1" /> * Vasyl Tokar a matsayin Mykhas Semenko, ɗan Mykhail Semenko * Tiana Reis * Svitlana Salatska * Olena Svitlytska a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Valentyna Chystiakova|uk|Чистякова Валентина Миколаївна}} [uk] * Serafima * Anna Sokolova * Stanislav Suknenko a matsayin Les Kurbas * {{Interlanguage link|Kostiantyn Temliak|uk|Темляк Костянтин Олександрович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Pavlo Tychyna]] * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Khalaiimov|uk|Халаімов Роман Сергійович}} [uk] a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Arkadii Liubchenko|uk|Любченко Аркадій Панасович}} [uk] * Valeriya Khodos a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Raіsa Troianker|uk|Троянкер Раїса Львівна}} [uk] * Yuliia Chepurko a matsayin Mariia Sosiura * Dmytro Chernov a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Ivan Mykytenko|uk|Микитенко Іван Кіндратович}} [uk] * Denys Shchatskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Oleksandr Yarema|uk|Ярема Олександр Михайлович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga Jamus * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Yasinovskyi|uk|Ясіновський Роман Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Hryhorii Epik]] <ref name=":1" /> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa a Košice, wanda aka gudanar daga 8 zuwa 10 Yuni 2022, fim din ya lashe kyautar fim na musamman. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFПоліна_ГОРЛАЧ2022">Поліна ГОРЛАЧ (2022-06-17). [https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ "Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице"]. ''Суспільне''.</cite></ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, fim din ya sami kyaututtuka hudu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na I Will Tell a [[Florida]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Будинок «Слово. Нескінчений роман» отримав нагороди на I Will Tell International Film Festival |url=https://usfa.gov.ua/press-center/budynok-slovo-neskinchenyy-roman-otrymav-nagorody-na-i-will-tell-international-film-festival-i12469 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=usfa.gov.ua |language=uk-Uk}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2024, Metropolitan Epiphanius, Firayim Minista na Cocin Orthodox na Yukreb, ya sadu da masu kirkirar fim din a gidansa kuma ya gabatar da girmamawar coci ga masu shirya fina-finai da masu ba da gudummawa ga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-06-01 |title=Предстоятель відзначив творців фільму «Будинок "Слово": Нескінчений роман» |url=https://www.pomisna.info/uk/vsi-novyny/predstoyatel-vidznachyv-tvortsiv-filmu-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=OCU |language=uk}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ginin Slovo * [[Slovo House (fim din 2017)|Gidan Slovo (fim na 2017)]] * An yi amfani da Renaissance == Manazarta == <references /> == Tushe == * {{Cite web |last=Якимчук |first=Любов |date=17 May 2024 |title=З чого ми збудували «Будинок "Слово"». Відповідаючи глядачам |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/shcho-potribno-znati-pro-film-budinok-slovo-7-zapitan-do-scenaristki-lyubi-yakimchuk-301595/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}} * {{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}} * {{Cite web |last=Кокотюха |first=Андрій |date=2024-05-17 |title=Знищені митці в попкультурі: а чому б і ні? |url=https://detector.media/kritika/article/226968/2024-05-17-znyshcheni-myttsi-v-popkulturi-a-chomu-b-i-ni/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}} *   *   * Semaniyac B. Buddha - gurasar don rubuce-rubuce na UNF// "Vільне jaine плюс". - 2024. - 19 da kuma. [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2021]] m4ztgx3smkiilcoc4cd4b8bk0161en5 828147 828145 2026-04-30T20:14:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gidan Slovo: Littafin da ba'a gama ba''' (Ukrainian): Budynok "Slovo": Neskinchenyi roman) fim ne na Yukren wanda Taras Tomenko ya jagoranta. fim din ya gabatar da Labari mai ban mamaki game da marubutan Yukren waɗanda aka tattara su a ƙarƙashin rufi guda kuma aka tilasta su suyi aiki da don Tsarin Soviet. Labari ne game da yadda aljannar kwaminisanci ta zama jahannamar kwaminis. An fara gabatar da fim din a shekara ta 2021 a bikin fina-finai na 37 na Warsaw. An gudanar da bikin farko na Yukreb a Chernivtsi a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022 a bikin Mykolaichuk OPEN. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref> An fitar da fim din ga gidajen kallo a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2024. == Labari == A cikin 1927, an gina wani gini na musamman a [[Kharkiv]] bisa umarnin [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]. Masu fasaha na musamman a Ukraine - mawaƙa, marubuta, masu zane-zanen, da daraktoci - sun taru a wajen. A wannan lokacin, ba da wuri a cikin wannan ginin ya riga ya zama alamar girmamawa ne sosai ga kowane mutum mai fasaha. Wata rana, wani sabon shiga ya bayyana. Yana aiki a matsayin mai nazarin jarida kuma yana mafarkin shiga cikin manyan marubuta. Don samun wuri a cikin gidan, yana buƙatar baiwa na musamman - baiwa don sauraro da kuma bayar da rahoton duk abin da ya ji ga wakilin [[NKVD]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * Dmytro Vikulov a matsayin Ostap Vyshnya * {{Interlanguage link|Borys Heorhiyivskyi|uk|Георгієвський Борис Володимирович}} * {{Interlanguage link|Ihor Hniezdilov|uk|Гнєзділов Ігор Євгенович}} * Eugene Hütz * Denys Drachevskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Ostap Dziadek|uk|Дзядек Остап Васильович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Vasily Sedlyar|Vasil Sedlyar]] * {{Interlanguage link|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko|uk|Довженко В'ячеслав Валерійович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykola Khvylovy]] <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Підгора-Гвяздовський |first=Ярослав |date=2018-08-02 |title=Кіборги стали поетами: як знімають ігровий фільм «Будинок "Слово"» про Розстріляне Відродження |url=https://detector.media/production/article/139832/2018-08-02-kiborgy-staly-poetamy-yak-znimayut-igrovyy-film-budynok-slovo-pro-rozstrilyane-vidrodzhennya/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}}</ref> * {{Interlanguage link|Oleh Ivanytsia|uk|Іваниця Олег Петрович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga [[Jamus]] ([[Bertolt Brecht]]), wanda ya yaba da aikin Komunary, wanda ake zargin Akimov ne ya rubuta shi * {{Interlanguage link|Andriy Isaienko|uk|Ісаєнко Андрій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Maik Yohansen]] <ref name=":1" /> * {{Interlanguage link|Maryna Koshkina|uk|Кошкіна Марина Олександрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Halia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Slava Krasovska|uk|Красовська Станіслава Вадимівна}} [uk] a matsayin [[Natalia Uzhviy]] * {{Interlanguage link|Yevhen Lamakh|uk|Ламах Євген Олегович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Ivan Bahrianyi]] * {{Interlanguage link|Andrii Mai|uk|Май Андрій Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Volodymyr Sosiura]] * {{Interlanguage link|Nina Naboka|uk|Набока Ніна Петрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Valia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Yurii Odynokyi|uk|Одинокий Юрій Дмитрович}} [uk] a matsayin Mener, jami'in NKVD <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=В Україні розпочалися зйомки художнього фільму "Будинок "Слово" - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501013121/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=2022-05-01 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dmytro Oliinyk a matsayin Volodymyr Akimov <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kushnirchuk |first=Natalia |date=2024-05-17 |title=«Я ненавиджу свого персонажа» — Дмитро Олійник про роль у «Будинок "Слово". Нескінчений роман» |url=https://chytomo.com/ia-nenavydzhu-svoho-personazha-dmytro-olijnyk-pro-rol-u-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=chytomo.com |language=uk}}</ref> * Dmytro Orlov * Anzhelika Petrovska a matsayin mai sayar da furanni * {{Interlanguage link|Hennadii Popenko|uk|Попенко Геннадій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykhail Semenko]] <ref name=":1" /> * Vasyl Tokar a matsayin Mykhas Semenko, ɗan Mykhail Semenko * Tiana Reis * Svitlana Salatska * Olena Svitlytska a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Valentyna Chystiakova|uk|Чистякова Валентина Миколаївна}} [uk] * Serafima * Anna Sokolova * Stanislav Suknenko a matsayin Les Kurbas * {{Interlanguage link|Kostiantyn Temliak|uk|Темляк Костянтин Олександрович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Pavlo Tychyna]] * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Khalaiimov|uk|Халаімов Роман Сергійович}} [uk] a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Arkadii Liubchenko|uk|Любченко Аркадій Панасович}} [uk] * Valeriya Khodos a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Raіsa Troianker|uk|Троянкер Раїса Львівна}} [uk] * Yuliia Chepurko a matsayin Mariia Sosiura * Dmytro Chernov a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Ivan Mykytenko|uk|Микитенко Іван Кіндратович}} [uk] * Denys Shchatskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Oleksandr Yarema|uk|Ярема Олександр Михайлович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga Jamus * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Yasinovskyi|uk|Ясіновський Роман Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Hryhorii Epik]] <ref name=":1" /> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa a Košice, wanda aka gudanar daga 8 zuwa 10 Yuni 2022, fim din ya lashe kyautar fim na musamman. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFПоліна_ГОРЛАЧ2022">Поліна ГОРЛАЧ (2022-06-17). [https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ "Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице"]. ''Суспільне''.</cite></ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, fim din ya sami kyaututtuka hudu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na I Will Tell a [[Florida]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Будинок «Слово. Нескінчений роман» отримав нагороди на I Will Tell International Film Festival |url=https://usfa.gov.ua/press-center/budynok-slovo-neskinchenyy-roman-otrymav-nagorody-na-i-will-tell-international-film-festival-i12469 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=usfa.gov.ua |language=uk-Uk}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2024, Metropolitan Epiphanius, Firayim Minista na Cocin Orthodox na Yukreb, ya sadu da masu kirkirar fim din a gidansa kuma ya gabatar da girmamawar coci ga masu shirya fina-finai da masu ba da gudummawa ga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-06-01 |title=Предстоятель відзначив творців фільму «Будинок "Слово": Нескінчений роман» |url=https://www.pomisna.info/uk/vsi-novyny/predstoyatel-vidznachyv-tvortsiv-filmu-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=OCU |language=uk}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ginin Slovo * [[Slovo House (fim din 2017)|Gidan Slovo (fim na 2017)]] * An yi amfani da Renaissance == Manazarta == <references /> == Tushe == * {{Cite web |last=Якимчук |first=Любов |date=17 May 2024 |title=З чого ми збудували «Будинок "Слово"». Відповідаючи глядачам |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/shcho-potribno-znati-pro-film-budinok-slovo-7-zapitan-do-scenaristki-lyubi-yakimchuk-301595/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}} * {{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}} * {{Cite web |last=Кокотюха |first=Андрій |date=2024-05-17 |title=Знищені митці в попкультурі: а чому б і ні? |url=https://detector.media/kritika/article/226968/2024-05-17-znyshcheni-myttsi-v-popkulturi-a-chomu-b-i-ni/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}} *   *   * Semaniyac B. Buddha - gurasar don rubuce-rubuce na UNF// "Vільне jaine плюс". - 2024. - 19 da kuma. [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2021]] 1r9gih5ddzzgam5a38ykjv4nn5blcrm 828149 828147 2026-04-30T20:16:01Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Gidan Slovo: Littafin da ba'a gama ba''' (Ukrainian): Budynok "Slovo": Neskinchenyi roman) fim ne na [[Ukraniya]] wanda Taras Tomenko ya jagoranta. fim din ya gabatar da Labari mai ban mamaki game da marubutan Yukren waɗanda aka tattara su a ƙarƙashin rufi guda kuma aka tilasta su suyi aiki da don Tsarin Soviet. Labari ne game da yadda aljannar kwaminisanci ta zama jahannamar kwaminis. An fara gabatar da fim din a shekara ta 2021 a bikin fina-finai na 37 na Warsaw. An gudanar da bikin farko na Yukreb a Chernivtsi a ranar 17 ga Yuni 2022 a bikin Mykolaichuk OPEN. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}</ref> An fitar da fim din ga gidajen kallo a ranar 9 ga Mayu 2024. == Labari == A cikin 1927, an gina wani gini na musamman a [[Kharkiv]] bisa umarnin [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]. Masu fasaha na musamman a Ukraine - mawaƙa, marubuta, masu zane-zanen, da daraktoci - sun taru a wajen. A wannan lokacin, ba da wuri a cikin wannan ginin ya riga ya zama alamar girmamawa ne sosai ga kowane mutum mai fasaha. Wata rana, wani sabon shiga ya bayyana. Yana aiki a matsayin mai nazarin jarida kuma yana mafarkin shiga cikin manyan marubuta. Don samun wuri a cikin gidan, yana buƙatar baiwa na musamman - baiwa don sauraro da kuma bayar da rahoton duk abin da ya ji ga wakilin [[NKVD]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}}</ref> == Yan wasa == * Dmytro Vikulov a matsayin Ostap Vyshnya * {{Interlanguage link|Borys Heorhiyivskyi|uk|Георгієвський Борис Володимирович}} * {{Interlanguage link|Ihor Hniezdilov|uk|Гнєзділов Ігор Євгенович}} * Eugene Hütz * Denys Drachevskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Ostap Dziadek|uk|Дзядек Остап Васильович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Vasily Sedlyar|Vasil Sedlyar]] * {{Interlanguage link|Vyacheslav Dovzhenko|uk|Довженко В'ячеслав Валерійович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykola Khvylovy]] <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Підгора-Гвяздовський |first=Ярослав |date=2018-08-02 |title=Кіборги стали поетами: як знімають ігровий фільм «Будинок "Слово"» про Розстріляне Відродження |url=https://detector.media/production/article/139832/2018-08-02-kiborgy-staly-poetamy-yak-znimayut-igrovyy-film-budynok-slovo-pro-rozstrilyane-vidrodzhennya/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}}</ref> * {{Interlanguage link|Oleh Ivanytsia|uk|Іваниця Олег Петрович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga [[Jamus]] ([[Bertolt Brecht]]), wanda ya yaba da aikin Komunary, wanda ake zargin Akimov ne ya rubuta shi * {{Interlanguage link|Andriy Isaienko|uk|Ісаєнко Андрій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Maik Yohansen]] <ref name=":1" /> * {{Interlanguage link|Maryna Koshkina|uk|Кошкіна Марина Олександрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Halia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Slava Krasovska|uk|Красовська Станіслава Вадимівна}} [uk] a matsayin [[Natalia Uzhviy]] * {{Interlanguage link|Yevhen Lamakh|uk|Ламах Євген Олегович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Ivan Bahrianyi]] * {{Interlanguage link|Andrii Mai|uk|Май Андрій Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Volodymyr Sosiura]] * {{Interlanguage link|Nina Naboka|uk|Набока Ніна Петрівна}} [uk] a matsayin Valia, ma'aikaciyar cafeteria a gidan "Slovo" * {{Interlanguage link|Yurii Odynokyi|uk|Одинокий Юрій Дмитрович}} [uk] a matsayin Mener, jami'in NKVD <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-01 |title=В Україні розпочалися зйомки художнього фільму "Будинок "Слово" - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501013121/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prrk1KfeJ2M&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=2022-05-01 |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> * Dmytro Oliinyk a matsayin Volodymyr Akimov <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kushnirchuk |first=Natalia |date=2024-05-17 |title=«Я ненавиджу свого персонажа» — Дмитро Олійник про роль у «Будинок "Слово". Нескінчений роман» |url=https://chytomo.com/ia-nenavydzhu-svoho-personazha-dmytro-olijnyk-pro-rol-u-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=chytomo.com |language=uk}}</ref> * Dmytro Orlov * Anzhelika Petrovska a matsayin mai sayar da furanni * {{Interlanguage link|Hennadii Popenko|uk|Попенко Геннадій Миколайович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Mykhail Semenko]] <ref name=":1" /> * Vasyl Tokar a matsayin Mykhas Semenko, ɗan Mykhail Semenko * Tiana Reis * Svitlana Salatska * Olena Svitlytska a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Valentyna Chystiakova|uk|Чистякова Валентина Миколаївна}} [uk] * Serafima * Anna Sokolova * Stanislav Suknenko a matsayin Les Kurbas * {{Interlanguage link|Kostiantyn Temliak|uk|Темляк Костянтин Олександрович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Pavlo Tychyna]] * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Khalaiimov|uk|Халаімов Роман Сергійович}} [uk] a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Arkadii Liubchenko|uk|Любченко Аркадій Панасович}} [uk] * Valeriya Khodos a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Raіsa Troianker|uk|Троянкер Раїса Львівна}} [uk] * Yuliia Chepurko a matsayin Mariia Sosiura * Dmytro Chernov a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|Ivan Mykytenko|uk|Микитенко Іван Кіндратович}} [uk] * Denys Shchatskyi * {{Interlanguage link|Oleksandr Yarema|uk|Ярема Олександр Михайлович}} [uk] a matsayin baƙo daga Jamus * {{Interlanguage link|Roman Yasinovskyi|uk|Ясіновський Роман Володимирович}} [uk] a matsayin [[Hryhorii Epik]] <ref name=":1" /> == Kyaututtuka == A bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa a Košice, wanda aka gudanar daga 8 zuwa 10 Yuni 2022, fim din ya lashe kyautar fim na musamman. <ref name="Кошице">{{Cite web |last=Поліна ГОРЛАЧ |date=2022-06-17 |title=Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице |url=https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ |website=Суспільне}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFПоліна_ГОРЛАЧ2022">Поліна ГОРЛАЧ (2022-06-17). [https://suspilne.media/251314-film-budinok-slovo-neskincennij-roman-otrimav-vidznaku-miznarodnogo-kinofestivalu-v-kosice/ "Фільм «Будинок Слово. Нескінченний роман» отримав відзнаку Міжнародного кінофестивалю в Кошице"]. ''Суспільне''.</cite></ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, fim din ya sami kyaututtuka hudu a bikin fina-finai na kasa da kasa na I Will Tell a [[Florida]], [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=«Будинок «Слово. Нескінчений роман» отримав нагороди на I Will Tell International Film Festival |url=https://usfa.gov.ua/press-center/budynok-slovo-neskinchenyy-roman-otrymav-nagorody-na-i-will-tell-international-film-festival-i12469 |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=usfa.gov.ua |language=uk-Uk}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Yuni 2024, Metropolitan Epiphanius, Firayim Minista na Cocin Orthodox na Yukreb, ya sadu da masu kirkirar fim din a gidansa kuma ya gabatar da girmamawar coci ga masu shirya fina-finai da masu ba da gudummawa ga aikin.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2024-06-01 |title=Предстоятель відзначив творців фільму «Будинок "Слово": Нескінчений роман» |url=https://www.pomisna.info/uk/vsi-novyny/predstoyatel-vidznachyv-tvortsiv-filmu-budynok-slovo-neskinchenyj-roman/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=OCU |language=uk}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ginin Slovo * [[Slovo House (fim din 2017)|Gidan Slovo (fim na 2017)]] * An yi amfani da Renaissance == Manazarta == <references /> == Tushe == * {{Cite web |last=Якимчук |first=Любов |date=17 May 2024 |title=З чого ми збудували «Будинок "Слово"». Відповідаючи глядачам |url=https://life.pravda.com.ua/culture/shcho-potribno-znati-pro-film-budinok-slovo-7-zapitan-do-scenaristki-lyubi-yakimchuk-301595/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]}} * {{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title="Будинок "Слово". Про що фільм |url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/articles/cn0rny48znjo |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=BBC News Україна |language=uk}} * {{Cite web |last=Кокотюха |first=Андрій |date=2024-05-17 |title=Знищені митці в попкультурі: а чому б і ні? |url=https://detector.media/kritika/article/226968/2024-05-17-znyshcheni-myttsi-v-popkulturi-a-chomu-b-i-ni/ |access-date=2025-04-22 |website=detector.media |language=uk}} *   *   * Semaniyac B. Buddha - gurasar don rubuce-rubuce na UNF// "Vільне jaine плюс". - 2024. - 19 da kuma. [[Rukuni:Fina-finan 2021]] f3u03fjnh2qxnor8n6eibyoyv38t8n8 0 148792 828152 2026-04-30T20:36:48Z M Bash Ne 12403 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343177914|Oleka K. Udeala]]" 828152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne a fannin kantin magani kuma mai kula da jami'a a ƙasar Najeriya. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara biyar kuma ya girma a cikin babban iyali. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rffq2wkenlz4qrq0eexo9cv1bp5i28r 828153 828152 2026-04-30T20:37:26Z M Bash Ne 12403 828153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne a fannin kantin magani kuma mai kula da jami'a a ƙasar Najeriya. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara biyar kuma ya girma a cikin babban iyali. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] kx7kkf9qj88pv0ythukbuy9yn3qwi70 828240 828153 2026-05-01T06:05:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ce 'yar Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikaciyar jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]] . == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara biyar kuma ya girma a cikin babban iyali. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7hl2ffsa9zpdkptsydy1yjgi8exiy9l 828241 828240 2026-05-01T06:06:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ce 'yar Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikaciyar jami'a. Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara biyar kuma ya girma a cikin babban iyali. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 8b5njjtvg0nugz3a3zsdbvso8ezbfad 828242 828241 2026-05-01T06:08:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne dan Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara biyar kuma ya girma a cikin babban iyali. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] n1ic81lde71osbexp99nzig37tp1qth 828243 828242 2026-05-01T06:09:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi */ 828243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne dan Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya biyar kuma ya girma a cikin iyali mai girma. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] havh64zom6ft5t1yz32iggqyz0d4wms 828246 828243 2026-05-01T06:17:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Daraja */ 828246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne dan Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya biyar kuma ya girma a cikin iyali mai girma. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa. A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] j5qx6tczyb6gyo52q02wpe9ga3m22ts 828247 828246 2026-05-01T06:18:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ayyuka */ 828247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne dan Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya biyar kuma ya girma a cikin iyali mai girma. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995, tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ogbu |first1=Ahamefula |last2=Uneze |first2=Amby |date=2001-04-26 |title=Nigeria: Sacked UNN VC Wants Oputa to Declare Him VC for Period of His Tenure |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200104260383.html |accessdate=2017-12-21 |website=This Day |via=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 2aizpzr4lkbobipadb0eamd6dhfm5o7 828248 828247 2026-05-01T06:18:46Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ayyuka */ 828248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne dan Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya biyar kuma ya girma a cikin iyali mai girma. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966. == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995,<ref name="retires">{{Cite news |date=2016-05-06 |title=Prof. Udeala Retires from Active Service |url=http://pharmatimes.com.ng/prof-udeala-retires-active-service/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051302/http://pharmatimes.com.ng/prof-udeala-retires-active-service/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-19 |work=PharmaTimes}}</ref> tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ogbu |first1=Ahamefula |last2=Uneze |first2=Amby |date=2001-04-26 |title=Nigeria: Sacked UNN VC Wants Oputa to Declare Him VC for Period of His Tenure |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200104260383.html |accessdate=2017-12-21 |website=This Day |via=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] t755wxvu9iousvaa576s5an2a5lbe8c 828249 828248 2026-05-01T06:19:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 828249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oleka Kelechi Udeala''' farfesa ne dan Najeriya a fannin magani kuma ma'aikacin jami'a. Ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] <ref name="Pharmanewsonline 2016">{{Cite web |date=2016-06-01 |title=Prof. Udeala |url=https://pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Pharmanewsonline}}</ref> kuma shugaban farko na fannin Kimiyya a [[Jami'ar port harcourt|Jami'ar Port Harcourt]]. == Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi == Udeala shi ne ƙarami a cikin 'ya'ya biyar kuma ya girma a cikin iyali mai girma. Babban ɗan'uwansa ne ya biya masa karatunsa saboda ya kasa lashe kyautar tallafin karatu daal'umma ke samun damar amfana da. Ya kammala karatunsa na sakandare tare da Takardar shaidar kammala Makarantar Kwalejin Cambridge a shekarar 1960 kuma ya fara aiki a matsayin malamin kimiyya a makarantarsa, sannan ya halarci Kwalejin Magunguna ta Brooklyn a Jami'ar Long Island da ke New York a kan Shirin Nazarin Afirka ta Jami'o'in Amurka, ya koma Najeriya bayan kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1966.<ref name="interview">{{Cite news |last=Folorunsho-Francis |first=Adebayo |date=2016-06-01 |title=My battles as UNN's unwilling vice chancellor - Prof. Udeala |url=http://www.pharmanewsonline.com/my-battles-as-unns-unwilling-vice-chancellor-prof-udeala/ |access-date=2017-12-19 |work=Pharmanews online}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Udeala ya yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekara ta 1995,<ref name="retires">{{Cite news |date=2016-05-06 |title=Prof. Udeala Retires from Active Service |url=http://pharmatimes.com.ng/prof-udeala-retires-active-service/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051302/http://pharmatimes.com.ng/prof-udeala-retires-active-service/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-19 |work=PharmaTimes}}</ref> tsohon jami'ar na farko da ya yi aiki. An san shi da "Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa mara son rai", an cire shi a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin soja ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[Sani Abacha]], lokacin da aka naɗa [[Umaru Gomwalk]] a matsayin babban mai gudanarwa na jami'ar. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Digitcontrol |date=2017-03-05 |title=Ginigeme Mbanefoh and the 'demons' at UNN |url=https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222055900/https://www.businessdayonline.com/ginigeme-mbanefoh-demons-unn/ |archive-date=2017-12-22 |access-date=2017-12-21 |website=Businessday}}</ref> An naɗa shi har zuwa shekara ta 1999; a shekara ta 2001 ya nemi diyya da kuma sanarwar cewa ya kasance Mataimakin Shugaban ƙasa na ''[[de jure]]'' na sauran wa'adinsa.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ogbu |first1=Ahamefula |last2=Uneze |first2=Amby |date=2001-04-26 |title=Nigeria: Sacked UNN VC Wants Oputa to Declare Him VC for Period of His Tenure |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200104260383.html |accessdate=2017-12-21 |website=This Day |via=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> A shekara ta 2004, ya kafa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences a Jami'ar Port Harcourt, inda ya yi aiki har sai da ya yi ritaya a cikin shekara ta 2016. == Daraja == Daga cikin girmamawar Udeala shine Kyautar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ƙasa a cikin shekarar 1990. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] mmnjg6smy8bv79td8mnkcno0i3820px 3 148793 828166 2026-04-30T21:23:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828166 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Wolff.hr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Wolff.hr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 0g4ackbulcjx5flrqoptabsph4qkvni 3 148794 828167 2026-04-30T21:23:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828167 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MartaInsolia! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MartaInsolia|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) ozew13q5f632kxb62r7ro1w7ffbph18 3 148795 828168 2026-04-30T21:23:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828168 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Helen Owl! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Helen Owl|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 2zlhey5ppv4uin8rhtvyb6a8ixode2e 3 148796 828169 2026-04-30T21:23:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828169 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Eamensa72! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Eamensa72|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) nhyhxek1amzmvlznvbwdkgay30fbq87 3 148797 828170 2026-04-30T21:23:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828170 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kaabeersani! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kaabeersani|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 5o4ro6iz4i6qx2j5lj1dn2c3hwovpvq 3 148798 828171 2026-04-30T21:24:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828171 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Di-I-Chiba! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Di-I-Chiba|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) mhj1bjaqrti1dgqfzbxye7a1bsdbder 3 148799 828172 2026-04-30T21:24:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828172 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Serhilxj! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Serhilxj|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 4de1yqk5sax2r56lm5zj5xsint0tf5e 3 148800 828173 2026-04-30T21:24:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828173 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alashtar Darazo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alashtar Darazo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 5z1zjxwqgo3ps52pmgq4l0kxzxn7v7z 3 148801 828174 2026-04-30T21:24:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828174 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Retreels! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Retreels|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) rkc1msdop21ol6erimc1bdhjlam5026 3 148802 828175 2026-04-30T21:24:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828175 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aryan Singh Kalhans! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aryan Singh Kalhans|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) rme8koc0rz8ywyqb999i7id9aowmonb 3 148803 828176 2026-04-30T21:24:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828176 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Necronomicron8! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Necronomicron8|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 0j9ud93ezbslu2kwhsgkmnxkw3jyg2x 3 148804 828177 2026-04-30T21:25:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828177 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lollyfge! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lollyfge|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) mif47ozi2poxnx4pww6xgk5s4dzw2ti 3 148805 828178 2026-04-30T21:25:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828178 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nicoleon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nicoleon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 4b622jgjvhfsa9sn5bpe7ivm588ktyf 3 148806 828179 2026-04-30T21:25:27Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828179 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, EuphVL! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/EuphVL|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 2xsegen7nmuxxgzqfwakjw2n21iwq11 3 148807 828180 2026-04-30T21:25:37Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828180 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kmchang28! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kmchang28|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) pz1ceetea624mnr7sj8w87upt0pczfb 3 148808 828181 2026-04-30T21:25:47Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828181 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Cooleditmanyescool! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Cooleditmanyescool|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 9b7hwm1ad3gvdkmkq1aoqrb9lhtfksi 3 148809 828182 2026-04-30T21:25:57Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828182 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Syllynqt! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Syllynqt|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) kh4s49bsfneyplpevivpcrxrgow2ufr 3 148810 828183 2026-04-30T21:26:07Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828183 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheGreatCooLite! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheGreatCooLite|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) f328j6a3eckn88vdhtn8nrwhxqbl1pl 3 148811 828184 2026-04-30T21:26:17Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 828184 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Stueymcgill! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Stueymcgill|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 30 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) 3zy4cc9v3q6zrl5blc22tbyukgcverv 0 148812 828232 2026-05-01T05:24:42Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351872455|Arolu College of Education Ilemona]]" 828232 wikitext text/x-wiki Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona mallakar mai zaman kanta ce kuma an amince da ita don kafa ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara kuma Hukumar Kula da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kasa (NCCE) ce ke ba da lasisi ga cibiyoyin sakandare a Najeriya. Cibiyar tana cikin Karamar Hukumar, Jihar Kwara, kuma an amince da ita kuma ta fara aiki a shekara ta 2006. [1] == Tarihi == Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu, an kafa ta ne a 2006 a matsayin Kwalejin ilimi, Ilemona . An sake masa suna a cikin 2024 biyo bayan canjin mallakar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N |first=Fred |date=2024-08-08 |title=List of Courses in College of Education, Ilemona |url=https://erudites.ng/list-of-courses-in-college-of-education-ilemona/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Erudites Academy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=National Commission for Colleges of Education Comprehensive List of Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges# |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=National Commission for Colleges of Education}}</ref> == Ma'aikata == Kwalejin ta kunshi makarantu huɗu: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=List of All Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) – ObiSchools |url=https://obischools.com.ng/coeilemona-courses/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya * Makarantar Nazarin Kwarewa * Makarantar Harsuna * Makarantar Fasaha da Nazarin Jama'a === Sashen === Darussan da aka bayar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona "Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool"]. ''myschool.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-04-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Ilimin halittu * Sanyen sunadarai * Yanayin ƙasa * Ilimi na Kasuwanci * Ilimin lissafi * Nazarin Addini na Kirista * Tattalin Arziki * Turanci * Kimiyya ta Siyasa * Yoruba * Lissafi * Nazarin Addinin Musulunci * Nazarin Jama'a * Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:Arolu_College_of_Education_Library_Building.jpg|[[Fayil:Back_gate_of_the_college.jpg|thumb|Back gate of Arolu college of education Ilemona ]] Fayil:Arolu_college_of_education_Monument_sign.jpg|[[Fayil:Library_Reception_Area.jpg|thumb|Arolu college of education Ilemona Library Reception ]] Fayil:Arolu_college_of_Education_Ilemona_Cafeteria.jpg Fayil:Fiwadade_hall_at_Arolu_college_of_education.jpg Fayil:Oba_Nurudeen_Yusuf_Fiwadade_Ilufemiloye_Hall.jpg Fayil:First_and_Second_Training_sections_09.jpg Fayil:Fiwadade_hall.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == o74nj806uguh4j681xqoc69z12iylw6 828233 828232 2026-05-01T05:25:27Z Muhdavdullahi 32668 828233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona mallakar mai zaman kanta ce kuma an amince da ita don kafa ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara kuma Hukumar Kula da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kasa (NCCE) ce ke ba da lasisi ga cibiyoyin sakandare a Najeriya. Cibiyar tana cikin Karamar Hukumar, Jihar Kwara, kuma an amince da ita kuma ta fara aiki a shekara ta 2006. [1] == Tarihi == Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu, an kafa ta ne a 2006 a matsayin Kwalejin ilimi, Ilemona . An sake masa suna a cikin 2024 biyo bayan canjin mallakar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N |first=Fred |date=2024-08-08 |title=List of Courses in College of Education, Ilemona |url=https://erudites.ng/list-of-courses-in-college-of-education-ilemona/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Erudites Academy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=National Commission for Colleges of Education Comprehensive List of Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges# |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=National Commission for Colleges of Education}}</ref> == Ma'aikata == Kwalejin ta kunshi makarantu huɗu: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=List of All Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) – ObiSchools |url=https://obischools.com.ng/coeilemona-courses/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya * Makarantar Nazarin Kwarewa * Makarantar Harsuna * Makarantar Fasaha da Nazarin Jama'a === Sashen === Darussan da aka bayar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona "Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool"]. ''myschool.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-04-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Ilimin halittu * Sanyen sunadarai * Yanayin ƙasa * Ilimi na Kasuwanci * Ilimin lissafi * Nazarin Addini na Kirista * Tattalin Arziki * Turanci * Kimiyya ta Siyasa * Yoruba * Lissafi * Nazarin Addinin Musulunci * Nazarin Jama'a * Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:Arolu_College_of_Education_Library_Building.jpg|[[Fayil:Back_gate_of_the_college.jpg|thumb|Back gate of Arolu college of education Ilemona ]] Fayil:Arolu_college_of_education_Monument_sign.jpg|[[Fayil:Library_Reception_Area.jpg|thumb|Arolu college of education Ilemona Library Reception ]] Fayil:Arolu_college_of_Education_Ilemona_Cafeteria.jpg Fayil:Fiwadade_hall_at_Arolu_college_of_education.jpg Fayil:Oba_Nurudeen_Yusuf_Fiwadade_Ilufemiloye_Hall.jpg Fayil:First_and_Second_Training_sections_09.jpg Fayil:Fiwadade_hall.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == iwvqzwgrnv4405nzcgxs8ozx4jf46al 828234 828233 2026-05-01T05:28:17Z Royalesignature 24008 Royalesignature moved page [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona]] to [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona]]: To maintain the consistency in the name 828233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona mallakar mai zaman kanta ce kuma an amince da ita don kafa ta Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Jihar Kwara kuma Hukumar Kula da Kwalejin Ilimi ta Kasa (NCCE) ce ke ba da lasisi ga cibiyoyin sakandare a Najeriya. Cibiyar tana cikin Karamar Hukumar, Jihar Kwara, kuma an amince da ita kuma ta fara aiki a shekara ta 2006. [1] == Tarihi == Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu, an kafa ta ne a 2006 a matsayin Kwalejin ilimi, Ilemona . An sake masa suna a cikin 2024 biyo bayan canjin mallakar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=N |first=Fred |date=2024-08-08 |title=List of Courses in College of Education, Ilemona |url=https://erudites.ng/list-of-courses-in-college-of-education-ilemona/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=Erudites Academy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026 |title=National Commission for Colleges of Education Comprehensive List of Accredited Colleges |url=https://ncce.gov.ng/AccreditedColleges# |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=National Commission for Colleges of Education}}</ref> == Ma'aikata == Kwalejin ta kunshi makarantu huɗu: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=List of All Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) – ObiSchools |url=https://obischools.com.ng/coeilemona-courses/ |access-date=2026-04-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Makarantar Kimiyya * Makarantar Nazarin Kwarewa * Makarantar Harsuna * Makarantar Fasaha da Nazarin Jama'a === Sashen === Darussan da aka bayar sune: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool |url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona |access-date=2026-04-25 |website=myschool.ng |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/college-of-education-ilemona "Official List of Courses Offered in College Of Education, Ilemona (COEILEMONA) - Myschool"]. ''myschool.ng''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2026-04-25</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Ilimin halittu * Sanyen sunadarai * Yanayin ƙasa * Ilimi na Kasuwanci * Ilimin lissafi * Nazarin Addini na Kirista * Tattalin Arziki * Turanci * Kimiyya ta Siyasa * Yoruba * Lissafi * Nazarin Addinin Musulunci * Nazarin Jama'a * Kimiyya ta Aikin Gona == Gidan wasan kwaikwayo == <gallery> Fayil:Arolu_College_of_Education_Library_Building.jpg|[[Fayil:Back_gate_of_the_college.jpg|thumb|Back gate of Arolu college of education Ilemona ]] Fayil:Arolu_college_of_education_Monument_sign.jpg|[[Fayil:Library_Reception_Area.jpg|thumb|Arolu college of education Ilemona Library Reception ]] Fayil:Arolu_college_of_Education_Ilemona_Cafeteria.jpg Fayil:Fiwadade_hall_at_Arolu_college_of_education.jpg Fayil:Oba_Nurudeen_Yusuf_Fiwadade_Ilufemiloye_Hall.jpg Fayil:First_and_Second_Training_sections_09.jpg Fayil:Fiwadade_hall.jpg </gallery> == Manazarta == iwvqzwgrnv4405nzcgxs8ozx4jf46al 0 148813 828235 2026-05-01T05:28:17Z Royalesignature 24008 Royalesignature moved page [[Kwalejin Ilimi ta Arolu Ilemona]] to [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona]]: To maintain the consistency in the name 828235 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arolu College of Education Ilemona]] sbjj3i5zyp57f8d83crp8a7dj55b7ae 0 148814 828284 2026-05-01T07:04:05Z Uncle Bash007 9891 Uncle Bash007 moved page [[1924 Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Carolina Tar Heels]] to [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Carolina Tar Heels na 1924]] 828284 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Arewacin Carolina Tar Heels na 1924]] imdvy7u0wfu0jlviy98ae5yzodyncno 0 148816 828318 2026-05-01T09:38:49Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348742419|Devon Wildlife Trust]]" 828318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust''' memba ne na haɗin gwiwar The Wildlife Trusts wanda ke kula da gundumar Devon, [[Ingila]] . Ƙungiyar agaji ce mai rijista, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1961 a matsayin Devon Naturalists Trust, <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1961-04-29 |title=The Devon Naturalists Trust |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/190395a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=190 |issue=4774 |pages=395 |bibcode=1961Natur.190Q.395. |doi=10.1038/190395a0 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> kuma manufarta ita ce kare makomar namun daji na birni, karkara da na ruwa na gundumar da muhallinta. == Amincewa == Kashi ashirin cikin ɗari na Devon wurin zama ne na namun daji da ba a lalata ba, kuma gundumar ta ƙunshi dukkan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda biyu ( Dartmoor da Exmoor ), ɗaya daga cikin wuraren ajiyar halittu na UNESCO ( North Devon Biosphere Reserve ), wurare biyar masu kyawun kyawun halitta ( Blackdown Hills, East Devon, North Devon Coast, South Devon da Tamar Valley ) da kuma wani ɓangare na Tekun Jurassic, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin adana namun daji]] na halitta ɗaya tilo a Ingila. Devon Wildlife Trust tana fafutukar kare namun daji da dama a yankuna da ƙasa, kuma tana kula da wasu wuraren ajiyar namun daji 58, ciki har da Wuraren da ke da sha'awar kimiyya ta musamman kamar [[Bystock]], Dawlish Warren, Bovey Heath, Chudleigh Knighton Heath, da Dunsford . <ref name="reserves">{{Cite web |title=Nature reserves |url=https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Asusun yana da mambobi kusan 37,000 waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da ayyukansa, kuma kimanin masu sa kai 300 ne ke taimaka masa wajen gudanar da ƙungiyoyin gida da kuma ayyukan kula da muhalli a wuraren ajiyar yanayi na ƙungiyar. Akwai kuma kimanin ma'aikata 100 na cikakken lokaci da ke aiki a Asusun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Community |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/our-community |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Hedikwatar Trust da cibiyar baƙi suna cikin tarihi a Cricklepit Mill da ke Exeter . Ginin yana da injin niƙa mai amfani da ruwa na ƙarni na 19 kuma yana nuna bayanai game da ajiyar namun daji da ayyukan Trust. A waje akwai lambun namun daji, wani wuri mai natsuwa a tsakiyar birnin. Wata cibiyar baƙi ta Trust ita ce Wembury Marine Centre da ke bakin teku a Wembury . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our visitor centres |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/our-visitor-centres |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Trust ɗin kuma tana kula da Woodah Farm, kusa da Doddiscombsleigh, wanda ke cikin wurin ajiyar namun daji kuma yana ba ƙungiyoyi wuraren bincike. == Ma'ajiyar yanayi == Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana kula da waɗannan wuraren ajiyar namun daji: <ref name="reserves">{{Cite web |title=Nature reserves |url=https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves "Nature reserves"]. Devon Wildlife Trust<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref>   == Yaƙin neman zaɓe == Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana tallata da kuma gudanar da kamfen da dama. Devon ita ce kawai gundumar Ingila da ke da gabar teku biyu, kuma Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana shiga tare da sauran amintattun namun daji don yin kamfen don inganta kariya ga halittun ruwa. Asusun yana da alhakin kula da yawan dabbobin daji da ke kiwo a Burtaniya. Tun daga akalla 2008 a Kogin Otter, an gano shaidar kayan kitse a shekarar 2014 kuma zuwa 2019 an yi imanin cewa akwai iyalai takwas da ke zaune a kogin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Colleen |date=2019-10-05 |title=34 secret places in Devon that remain hidden in plain sight |url=https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/34-secret-places-devon-hidden-3395514 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=devonlive}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9nf50uno3zqw5rh98mplix6va2xpny4 828319 828318 2026-05-01T09:39:39Z Nnamadee 31123 828319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust''' memba ne na haɗin gwiwar The Wildlife Trusts wanda ke kula da gundumar Devon, [[Ingila]] . Ƙungiyar agaji ce mai rijista, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1961 a matsayin Devon Naturalists Trust, <ref>{{Cite journal |date=1961-04-29 |title=The Devon Naturalists Trust |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/190395a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=190 |issue=4774 |pages=395 |bibcode=1961Natur.190Q.395. |doi=10.1038/190395a0 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> kuma manufarta ita ce kare makomar namun daji na birni, karkara da na ruwa na gundumar da muhallinta. == Amincewa == Kashi ashirin cikin ɗari na Devon wurin zama ne na namun daji da ba a lalata ba, kuma gundumar ta ƙunshi dukkan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda biyu ( Dartmoor da Exmoor ), ɗaya daga cikin wuraren ajiyar halittu na UNESCO ( North Devon Biosphere Reserve ), wurare biyar masu kyawun kyawun halitta ( Blackdown Hills, East Devon, North Devon Coast, South Devon da Tamar Valley ) da kuma wani ɓangare na Tekun Jurassic, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin adana namun daji]] na halitta ɗaya tilo a Ingila. Devon Wildlife Trust tana fafutukar kare namun daji da dama a yankuna da ƙasa, kuma tana kula da wasu wuraren ajiyar namun daji 58, ciki har da Wuraren da ke da sha'awar kimiyya ta musamman kamar [[Bystock]], Dawlish Warren, Bovey Heath, Chudleigh Knighton Heath, da Dunsford . <ref name="reserves">{{Cite web |title=Nature reserves |url=https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Asusun yana da mambobi kusan 37,000 waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da ayyukansa, kuma kimanin masu sa kai 300 ne ke taimaka masa wajen gudanar da ƙungiyoyin gida da kuma ayyukan kula da muhalli a wuraren ajiyar yanayi na ƙungiyar. Akwai kuma kimanin ma'aikata 100 na cikakken lokaci da ke aiki a Asusun. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Community |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/our-community |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Hedikwatar Trust da cibiyar baƙi suna cikin tarihi a Cricklepit Mill da ke Exeter . Ginin yana da injin niƙa mai amfani da ruwa na ƙarni na 19 kuma yana nuna bayanai game da ajiyar namun daji da ayyukan Trust. A waje akwai lambun namun daji, wani wuri mai natsuwa a tsakiyar birnin. Wata cibiyar baƙi ta Trust ita ce Wembury Marine Centre da ke bakin teku a Wembury . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our visitor centres |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/our-visitor-centres |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Trust ɗin kuma tana kula da Woodah Farm, kusa da Doddiscombsleigh, wanda ke cikin wurin ajiyar namun daji kuma yana ba ƙungiyoyi wuraren bincike. == Ma'ajiyar yanayi == Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana kula da waɗannan wuraren ajiyar namun daji: <ref name="reserves">{{Cite web |title=Nature reserves |url=https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves "Nature reserves"]. Devon Wildlife Trust<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref>   == Yaƙin neman zaɓe == Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana tallata da kuma gudanar da kamfen da dama. Devon ita ce kawai gundumar Ingila da ke da gabar teku biyu, kuma Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana shiga tare da sauran amintattun namun daji don yin kamfen don inganta kariya ga halittun ruwa. Asusun yana da alhakin kula da yawan dabbobin daji da ke kiwo a Burtaniya. Tun daga akalla 2008 a Kogin Otter, an gano shaidar kayan kitse a shekarar 2014 kuma zuwa 2019 an yi imanin cewa akwai iyalai takwas da ke zaune a kogin. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Colleen |date=2019-10-05 |title=34 secret places in Devon that remain hidden in plain sight |url=https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/34-secret-places-devon-hidden-3395514 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=devonlive}}</ref> == Manazarta == etz9toizjtm89s88w4hs0w5qqbrmkq5 828320 828319 2026-05-01T09:40:38Z Nnamadee 31123 828320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust''' memba ne na haɗin gwiwar The Wildlife Trusts wanda ke kula da gundumar Devon, [[Ingila]]. Ƙungiyar agaji ce mai rijista, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1961 a matsayin Devon Naturalists Trust,<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1961-04-29 |title=The Devon Naturalists Trust |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/190395a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=190 |issue=4774 |pages=395 |bibcode=1961Natur.190Q.395. |doi=10.1038/190395a0 |issn=1476-4687}}</ref> kuma manufarta ita ce kare makomar namun daji na birni, karkara da na ruwa na gundumar da muhallinta. == Amincewa == Kashi ashirin cikin ɗari na Devon wurin zama ne na namun daji da ba a lalata ba, kuma gundumar ta ƙunshi dukkan wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa guda biyu ( Dartmoor da Exmoor ), ɗaya daga cikin wuraren ajiyar halittu na UNESCO ( North Devon Biosphere Reserve ), wurare biyar masu kyawun kyawun halitta ( Blackdown Hills, East Devon, North Devon Coast, South Devon da Tamar Valley ) da kuma wani ɓangare na Tekun Jurassic, [[Muhimman Guraren Tarihi na Duniya|wurin adana namun daji]] na halitta ɗaya tilo a Ingila. Devon Wildlife Trust tana fafutukar kare namun daji da dama a yankuna da ƙasa, kuma tana kula da wasu wuraren ajiyar namun daji 58, ciki har da Wuraren da ke da sha'awar kimiyya ta musamman kamar [[Bystock]], Dawlish Warren, Bovey Heath, Chudleigh Knighton Heath, da Dunsford.<ref name="reserves">{{Cite web |title=Nature reserves |url=https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Asusun yana da mambobi kusan 37,000 waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen samar da kuɗaɗen gudanar da ayyukansa, kuma kimanin masu sa kai 300 ne ke taimaka masa wajen gudanar da ƙungiyoyin gida da kuma ayyukan kula da muhalli a wuraren ajiyar yanayi na ƙungiyar. Akwai kuma kimanin ma'aikata 100 na cikakken lokaci da ke aiki a Asusun.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Community |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/our-community |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Hedikwatar Trust da cibiyar baƙi suna cikin tarihi a Cricklepit Mill da ke Exeter . Ginin yana da injin niƙa mai amfani da ruwa na ƙarni na 19 kuma yana nuna bayanai game da ajiyar namun daji da ayyukan Trust. A waje akwai lambun namun daji, wani wuri mai natsuwa a tsakiyar birnin. Wata cibiyar baƙi ta Trust ita ce Wembury Marine Centre da ke bakin teku a Wembury.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our visitor centres |url=http://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/our-visitor-centres |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}</ref> Trust ɗin kuma tana kula da Woodah Farm, kusa da Doddiscombsleigh, wanda ke cikin wurin ajiyar namun daji kuma yana ba ƙungiyoyi wuraren bincike. == Ma'ajiyar yanayi == Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana kula da waɗannan wuraren ajiyar namun daji:<ref name="reserves">{{Cite web |title=Nature reserves |url=https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves |access-date=16 January 2023 |publisher=Devon Wildlife Trust}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.devonwildlifetrust.org/nature-reserves "Nature reserves"]. Devon Wildlife Trust<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref>   == Yaƙin neman zaɓe == Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana tallata da kuma gudanar da kamfen da dama. Devon ita ce kawai gundumar Ingila da ke da gabar teku biyu, kuma Kamfanin Devon Wildlife Trust yana shiga tare da sauran amintattun namun daji don yin kamfen don inganta kariya ga halittun ruwa. Asusun yana da alhakin kula da yawan dabbobin daji da ke kiwo a Burtaniya. Tun daga akalla 2008 a Kogin Otter, an gano shaidar kayan kitse a shekarar 2014 kuma zuwa 2019 an yi imanin cewa akwai iyalai takwas da ke zaune a kogin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Colleen |date=2019-10-05 |title=34 secret places in Devon that remain hidden in plain sight |url=https://www.devonlive.com/news/devon-news/34-secret-places-devon-hidden-3395514 |access-date=16 January 2023 |website=devonlive}}</ref> == Manazarta == ektsqrqzbh0xpwdoxuaumsuzf3gewtz 0 148817 828321 2026-05-01T09:44:37Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1278717346|SARP UK]]" 828321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SARP UK''' kamfanin [[Sinadarin shara|sharar sinadarai]] ne na Burtaniya kuma wani reshe na Vivendi . == Tarihi == Kamfanin yana gudanar da wani kamfanin sharar sinadarai da kuma wurin ƙona wuta a Killamarsh wanda ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa. Kamfanin ya fitar da iskar gas mai guba a cikin al'ummar da ke kusa a watan Mayu na 1998, kuma mazauna yankin sun fara kamfen na neman a rufe kamfanin. An rufe shida daga cikin sassan masana'antar bakwai a shekarar 1999. Sauran sun rufe a shekarar 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2023 |title=Pictures show how worried Derbyshire residents fought pollution battle 25 years ago |url=https://www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/heritage-and-retro/retro/pictures-show-how-worried-derbyshire-residents-fought-pollution-battle-25-years-ago-4154688 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Derbyshire Times}}</ref> A shekarar 1999, an ci tarar SARP fam 120,000 kuma an umarce ta da ta biya fam 150,000 a Kotun Derby Crown . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarp UK LTD Fined £120,000 For Waste And Health And Safety Violations |url=https://www.safetyonline.com/doc/sarp-uk-ltd-fined-120000-for-waste-and-health-0001 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=www.safetyonline.com}}</ref> == Zanga-zangar == An kafa Mazauna Kare Haƙƙin Sarrafa Iskar Gas (RASP) a watan Yunin 1998, a matsayin martani ga wasu abubuwa biyu da suka faru na iskar gas mai guba da suka tsere daga masana'antar sinadarai ta SARP ta Burtaniya a watan Mayun 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Noxious Emissions... |url=http://archive.corporatewatch.org/magazine/issue8/cw8tox2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813114610/http://archive.corporatewatch.org/magazine/issue8/cw8tox2.html |archive-date=13 August 2006 |access-date=27 June 2015 |publisher=Corporate Watch}}</ref> Mazauna yankin da membobin Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ne suka kafa wannan gangamin. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya tilasta rufe yawancin masana'antar SARP. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Robert |date=12 June 1998 |title=British company leaks deadly gas into residential areas |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/06/sarp-j12.html |access-date=27 June 2015 |website=wsws.org |publisher=International Committee of the Fourth International}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen na tsawon shekara guda ya ƙunshi zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar rufin gida. Masu zanga-zangar RASP sun yi tattaki zuwa hedikwatar SARP da ke Faransa don yin zanga-zanga. Masu fafutukar sun yi nasarar rufe shida daga cikin sassan bakwai na wurin a ƙarshen shekarar 1999. == Manazarta == 1rettdb2b6uwwgdknog8kmjduj0dgg4 828323 828321 2026-05-01T09:45:33Z Nnamadee 31123 828323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SARP UK''' kamfanin [[Sinadarin shara|sharar sinadarai]] ne na Burtaniya kuma wani reshe na Vivendi. == Tarihi == Kamfanin yana gudanar da wani kamfanin sharar sinadarai da kuma wurin ƙona wuta a Killamarsh wanda ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa. Kamfanin ya fitar da iskar gas mai guba a cikin al'ummar da ke kusa a watan Mayu na 1998, kuma mazauna yankin sun fara kamfen na neman a rufe kamfanin. An rufe shida daga cikin sassan masana'antar bakwai a shekarar 1999. Sauran sun rufe a shekarar 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2023 |title=Pictures show how worried Derbyshire residents fought pollution battle 25 years ago |url=https://www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/heritage-and-retro/retro/pictures-show-how-worried-derbyshire-residents-fought-pollution-battle-25-years-ago-4154688 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Derbyshire Times}}</ref> A shekarar 1999, an ci tarar SARP fam 120,000 kuma an umarce ta da ta biya fam 150,000 a Kotun Derby Crown.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarp UK LTD Fined £120,000 For Waste And Health And Safety Violations |url=https://www.safetyonline.com/doc/sarp-uk-ltd-fined-120000-for-waste-and-health-0001 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=www.safetyonline.com}}</ref> == Zanga-zangar == An kafa Mazauna Kare Haƙƙin Sarrafa Iskar Gas (RASP) a watan Yunin 1998, a matsayin martani ga wasu abubuwa biyu da suka faru na iskar gas mai guba da suka tsere daga masana'antar sinadarai ta SARP ta Burtaniya a watan Mayun 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noxious Emissions... |url=http://archive.corporatewatch.org/magazine/issue8/cw8tox2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813114610/http://archive.corporatewatch.org/magazine/issue8/cw8tox2.html |archive-date=13 August 2006 |access-date=27 June 2015 |publisher=Corporate Watch}}</ref> Mazauna yankin da membobin Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ne suka kafa wannan gangamin. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya tilasta rufe yawancin masana'antar SARP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Robert |date=12 June 1998 |title=British company leaks deadly gas into residential areas |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/06/sarp-j12.html |access-date=27 June 2015 |website=wsws.org |publisher=International Committee of the Fourth International}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen na tsawon shekara guda ya ƙunshi zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar rufin gida. Masu zanga-zangar RASP sun yi tattaki zuwa hedikwatar SARP da ke Faransa don yin zanga-zanga. Masu fafutukar sun yi nasarar rufe shida daga cikin sassan bakwai na wurin a ƙarshen shekarar 1999. == Manazarta == bsh0x9s4307qrg544pt77ir5o8a623s 828324 828323 2026-05-01T09:45:52Z Nnamadee 31123 828324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''SARP UK''' kamfanin [[Sinadarin shara|sharar sinadarai]] ne na Burtaniya kuma wani reshe na Vivendi. == Tarihi == Kamfanin yana gudanar da wani kamfanin sharar sinadarai da kuma wurin ƙona wuta a Killamarsh wanda ya haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce mai yawa. Kamfanin ya fitar da iskar gas mai guba a cikin al'ummar da ke kusa a watan Mayu na 1998, kuma mazauna yankin sun fara kamfen na neman a rufe kamfanin. An rufe shida daga cikin sassan masana'antar bakwai a shekarar 1999. Sauran sun rufe a shekarar 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2023 |title=Pictures show how worried Derbyshire residents fought pollution battle 25 years ago |url=https://www.derbyshiretimes.co.uk/heritage-and-retro/retro/pictures-show-how-worried-derbyshire-residents-fought-pollution-battle-25-years-ago-4154688 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=Derbyshire Times}}</ref> A shekarar 1999, an ci tarar SARP fam 120,000 kuma an umarce ta da ta biya fam 150,000 a Kotun Derby Crown.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarp UK LTD Fined £120,000 For Waste And Health And Safety Violations |url=https://www.safetyonline.com/doc/sarp-uk-ltd-fined-120000-for-waste-and-health-0001 |access-date=27 January 2025 |website=www.safetyonline.com}}</ref> == Zanga-zangar == An kafa Mazauna Kare Haƙƙin Sarrafa Iskar Gas (RASP) a watan Yunin 1998, a matsayin martani ga wasu abubuwa biyu da suka faru na iskar gas mai guba da suka tsere daga masana'antar sinadarai ta SARP ta Burtaniya a watan Mayun 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Noxious Emissions... |url=http://archive.corporatewatch.org/magazine/issue8/cw8tox2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813114610/http://archive.corporatewatch.org/magazine/issue8/cw8tox2.html |archive-date=13 August 2006 |access-date=27 June 2015 |publisher=Corporate Watch}}</ref> Mazauna yankin da membobin Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ne suka kafa wannan gangamin. Yaƙin neman zaɓen ya tilasta rufe yawancin masana'antar SARP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Robert |date=12 June 1998 |title=British company leaks deadly gas into residential areas |url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/1998/06/sarp-j12.html |access-date=27 June 2015 |website=wsws.org |publisher=International Committee of the Fourth International}}</ref> Yaƙin neman zaɓen na tsawon shekara guda ya ƙunshi zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar rufin gida. Masu zanga-zangar RASP sun yi tattaki zuwa hedikwatar SARP da ke Faransa don yin zanga-zanga. Masu fafutukar sun yi nasarar rufe shida daga cikin sassan bakwai na wurin a ƙarshen shekarar 1999. == Manazarta == k3iz1wmcndlf5wjrchlnu7jkda6xz45 0 148818 828326 2026-05-01T09:51:36Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351041309|Gower Ornithological Society]]" 828326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ƙungiyar Gower Ornithological ƙungiya''' ce ta ƙwararru da masu kula da tsuntsaye waɗanda ke kula da yankunan kudancin [[Wales]] waɗanda suka haɗa da Gower, Swansea, Neath da Port Talbot. {{Infobox organization|name=Gower Ornithological Society|type=Registered Charity number 1119472|founder=|product=|revenue=|owner=}} == Gidauniya da zama memba == An kafa ƙungiyar Gower Ornithological Society a shekarar 1956 kuma tana ba da shirin tarurruka ga masu lura da tsuntsaye a yankunan da aka ambata a sama. Ƙungiyar tana da nata gidan yanar gizon inda ake ƙarfafa mambobi da abokai su sanya hotunan tsuntsaye a wurin yin rikodi. <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref> Alamar ƙungiyar ita ce mai kama kawa a sama tare da Whiteford Lighthouse a baya. Membobin ƙungiyar koyaushe ƙanana ne, kusan membobi 100, amma koyaushe al'umma ce mai abokantaka da aiki. Sakataren membobin ƙungiyar a halin yanzu shine Peter Douglas-Jones. Ƙungiyar kuma tana da shugaba, sakatare, da kuma ma'aji. Akwai kuma masu rikodin ganin tsuntsaye guda biyu, ɗaya na yammacin Glamorgan da ɗayan kuma na gabashin Glamorgan. == Manufofi da manufofi == Manufar al'umma ita ce ta haɓaka kiyaye tsuntsayen daji da kuma taimaka wa mutane su koyi game da tsuntsaye. Ƙungiyar ta kuma rubuta adadi da nau'ikan tsuntsaye a yankin don rahotonta na shekara-shekara mai suna Gower Tsuntsaye. Ana buga wannan rahoton kowace shekara tun daga 1968. <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk "Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar tana kuma samar da wasiƙun labarai na yau da kullun kuma tana samar da jerin sunayen tsuntsaye kuma tana aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da yawa. Membobi da yawa suna gudanar da binciken tsuntsaye na ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyi kamar British Trust for Ornithology da [[Tsuntsaye na daji da Wetlands Trust|Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust]] . <ref name="GOS" /> <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk "Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar kuma tana gudanar da bincike na gida game da tsuntsayen lambu, bakin teku, dausayi da kuma kiwo. Wasu membobi kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan yin zoben tsuntsaye tare da buga takardu da labarai game da tsuntsaye. == Abubuwan da suka faru da ayyuka == Ana gudanar da tarurrukan cikin gida a ranar Juma'a ta huɗu ta wata daga Satumba zuwa Maris a [[Cibiyar muhalli a (Swansea)|Cibiyar Muhalli]] da ke Pier Street, Swansea, da ƙarfe 7:15 na yamma. An shirya tafiye-tafiyen fili ga membobi da baƙi. <ref name="GOS" /> Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru a shafin yanar gizon ƙungiyar, jagorar 'Abin da ke faruwa' ta Swansea, takardar Swansea Environmental Events, ko ta hanyar aika saƙon imel ga ƙungiyar. == Rikodin tsuntsaye == Ƙungiyar tana samar da tsuntsayen Gower (Adar Gwyr, a cikin [[harshen Welsh]] ) sau ɗaya a shekara. Wannan jerin tsuntsayen da aka rubuta a yankin ne. Ana tattara bayanan ta hannun Society Recorder, wanda za a iya tuntuɓar ta ta hanyar Society, kuma ana neman su: duk nau'ikan halittu masu wuya da ƙarancinsu; duk wani sabon bayanai; duk bayanan kiwo; adadin tsuntsaye: tsuntsayen ruwa da tsuntsayen daji, garken hunturu, gidajen tsuntsayen gull, tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, adadin tsuntsayen teku na nau'ikan halittu gama gari; cikakkun bayanai na tsuntsayen da ke da zobe; tserewa da sakewa, tare da duk wani bayanin da zai iya dacewa da asalinsu, kamar zoben ƙafa masu launi, jesses, da sauransu da duk wani abu mai ban sha'awa. Ya kamata a gabatar da bayanan ta hanyar takardar Bird Track ko Excel ko akan katunan rikodi, waɗannan suna samuwa daga Society & County Recorder. Aƙalla, ya kamata a gabatar da matakin bayanin da/ko hotuna masu dacewa akan, ko a haɗa su da, katin rikodin ko imel. Bayanan tsuntsaye na gida da waɗanda ba su da yawa a yankin sun haɗa da: mai nutsewa da baki, mai ja-necked grebe, mai shearwater mai laushi, mai shearwater Balearic, mai nutsewa da leach, mai spoonbill, mai ƙafafu masu launin ruwan hoda, [[Kakira|garganey]], mai kama da European honey buzzard, mai kama da red grouse, dotterel, mai kama da wood sandpiper, mai kama da phalarope, mai kama da pomarine skua, mai kama da long-tailed skua, mai kama da Sabine's gull, mai kama da zobe, mai kama da yellow-legged gull, mai kama da Iceland gull, mai kama da roseate tern, mai kama da black guillemot, little auk, mai kama da dong-eared mujiya, hoopoe, wryneck, waxwing, mai kama da yellow-browed warbler, mai kama da golden oriole, mai kama da great grey shrike, twite da kuma dusar ƙanƙara . Kwamitin tattara bayanai masu dacewa zai yi la'akari da bayanan da aka gabatar wa Gundumar Rikodi: Kwamitin Rarraba Tsuntsayen Burtaniya (BBRC) ko Kwamitin Bayanan Welsh (WRP). Ƙungiyar ba ta buga bayanan kowace nau'in da ake ɗauka a matsayin rarraba ta Burtaniya a cikin jerin BBRC ba sai dai idan BBRC ta yi la'akari da kuma amincewa da bayanan. Ya kamata a aika bayanan zuwa Gundumar Rikodi da wuri-wuri bayan an gansu. Akwai kuma wani shafin yanar gizo, wanda aka kafa don ganin tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa, da sauran namun daji, daga Gower, Swansea, Neath da Port Talbot, wanda ake kira Gower Wildlife. <ref name="Blog">{{Cite web |title=Gower Wildlife |url=https://goweros.blogspot.com/ |access-date=26 December 2009}}</ref> == Aiki na gaba == Aikin da za a yi nan gaba ya haɗa da: * Inganta ƙwarewar ganowa * Gudanar da bincike don sabbin Atalan Tsuntsaye na Ƙasa da na Gida * Koyo game da aikin sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa * Tallafawa ayyukan kiyaye muhalli na gida == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] oxw5syo68dfaruvqqdin10rzaagvxzd 828327 828326 2026-05-01T09:53:35Z Nnamadee 31123 828327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar Gower Ornithological ƙungiya''' ce ta ƙwararru da masu kula da tsuntsaye waɗanda ke kula da yankunan kudancin [[Wales]] waɗanda suka haɗa da Gower, Swansea, Neath da Port Talbot. {{Infobox organization|name=Gower Ornithological Society|type=Registered Charity number 1119472|founder=|product=|revenue=|owner=}} == Gidauniya da zama memba == An kafa ƙungiyar Gower Ornithological Society a shekarar 1956 kuma tana ba da shirin tarurruka ga masu lura da tsuntsaye a yankunan da aka ambata a sama. Ƙungiyar tana da nata gidan yanar gizon inda ake ƙarfafa mambobi da abokai su sanya hotunan tsuntsaye a wurin yin rikodi. <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref> Alamar ƙungiyar ita ce mai kama kawa a sama tare da Whiteford Lighthouse a baya. Membobin ƙungiyar koyaushe ƙanana ne, kusan membobi 100, amma koyaushe al'umma ce mai abokantaka da aiki. Sakataren membobin ƙungiyar a halin yanzu shine Peter Douglas-Jones. Ƙungiyar kuma tana da shugaba, sakatare, da kuma ma'aji. Akwai kuma masu rikodin ganin tsuntsaye guda biyu, ɗaya na yammacin Glamorgan da ɗayan kuma na gabashin Glamorgan. == Manufofi da manufofi == Manufar al'umma ita ce ta haɓaka kiyaye tsuntsayen daji da kuma taimaka wa mutane su koyi game da tsuntsaye. Ƙungiyar ta kuma rubuta adadi da nau'ikan tsuntsaye a yankin don rahotonta na shekara-shekara mai suna Gower Tsuntsaye. Ana buga wannan rahoton kowace shekara tun daga 1968. <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk "Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar tana kuma samar da wasiƙun labarai na yau da kullun kuma tana samar da jerin sunayen tsuntsaye kuma tana aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da yawa. Membobi da yawa suna gudanar da binciken tsuntsaye na ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyi kamar British Trust for Ornithology da [[Tsuntsaye na daji da Wetlands Trust|Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust]] . <ref name="GOS" /> <ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk "Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar kuma tana gudanar da bincike na gida game da tsuntsayen lambu, bakin teku, dausayi da kuma kiwo. Wasu membobi kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan yin zoben tsuntsaye tare da buga takardu da labarai game da tsuntsaye. == Abubuwan da suka faru da ayyuka == Ana gudanar da tarurrukan cikin gida a ranar Juma'a ta huɗu ta wata daga Satumba zuwa Maris a [[Cibiyar muhalli a (Swansea)|Cibiyar Muhalli]] da ke Pier Street, Swansea, da ƙarfe 7:15 na yamma. An shirya tafiye-tafiyen fili ga membobi da baƙi. <ref name="GOS" /> Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru a shafin yanar gizon ƙungiyar, jagorar 'Abin da ke faruwa' ta Swansea, takardar Swansea Environmental Events, ko ta hanyar aika saƙon imel ga ƙungiyar. == Rikodin tsuntsaye == Ƙungiyar tana samar da tsuntsayen Gower (Adar Gwyr, a cikin [[harshen Welsh]] ) sau ɗaya a shekara. Wannan jerin tsuntsayen da aka rubuta a yankin ne. Ana tattara bayanan ta hannun Society Recorder, wanda za a iya tuntuɓar ta ta hanyar Society, kuma ana neman su: duk nau'ikan halittu masu wuya da ƙarancinsu; duk wani sabon bayanai; duk bayanan kiwo; adadin tsuntsaye: tsuntsayen ruwa da tsuntsayen daji, garken hunturu, gidajen tsuntsayen gull, tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, adadin tsuntsayen teku na nau'ikan halittu gama gari; cikakkun bayanai na tsuntsayen da ke da zobe; tserewa da sakewa, tare da duk wani bayanin da zai iya dacewa da asalinsu, kamar zoben ƙafa masu launi, jesses, da sauransu da duk wani abu mai ban sha'awa. Ya kamata a gabatar da bayanan ta hanyar takardar Bird Track ko Excel ko akan katunan rikodi, waɗannan suna samuwa daga Society & County Recorder. Aƙalla, ya kamata a gabatar da matakin bayanin da/ko hotuna masu dacewa akan, ko a haɗa su da, katin rikodin ko imel. Bayanan tsuntsaye na gida da waɗanda ba su da yawa a yankin sun haɗa da: mai nutsewa da baki, mai ja-necked grebe, mai shearwater mai laushi, mai shearwater Balearic, mai nutsewa da leach, mai spoonbill, mai ƙafafu masu launin ruwan hoda, [[Kakira|garganey]], mai kama da European honey buzzard, mai kama da red grouse, dotterel, mai kama da wood sandpiper, mai kama da phalarope, mai kama da pomarine skua, mai kama da long-tailed skua, mai kama da Sabine's gull, mai kama da zobe, mai kama da yellow-legged gull, mai kama da Iceland gull, mai kama da roseate tern, mai kama da black guillemot, little auk, mai kama da dong-eared mujiya, hoopoe, wryneck, waxwing, mai kama da yellow-browed warbler, mai kama da golden oriole, mai kama da great grey shrike, twite da kuma dusar ƙanƙara . Kwamitin tattara bayanai masu dacewa zai yi la'akari da bayanan da aka gabatar wa Gundumar Rikodi: Kwamitin Rarraba Tsuntsayen Burtaniya (BBRC) ko Kwamitin Bayanan Welsh (WRP). Ƙungiyar ba ta buga bayanan kowace nau'in da ake ɗauka a matsayin rarraba ta Burtaniya a cikin jerin BBRC ba sai dai idan BBRC ta yi la'akari da kuma amincewa da bayanan. Ya kamata a aika bayanan zuwa Gundumar Rikodi da wuri-wuri bayan an gansu. Akwai kuma wani shafin yanar gizo, wanda aka kafa don ganin tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa, da sauran namun daji, daga Gower, Swansea, Neath da Port Talbot, wanda ake kira Gower Wildlife. <ref name="Blog">{{Cite web |title=Gower Wildlife |url=https://goweros.blogspot.com/ |access-date=26 December 2009}}</ref> == Aiki na gaba == Aikin da za a yi nan gaba ya haɗa da: * Inganta ƙwarewar ganowa * Gudanar da bincike don sabbin Atalan Tsuntsaye na Ƙasa da na Gida * Koyo game da aikin sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa * Tallafawa ayyukan kiyaye muhalli na gida == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] bl8ou0v9wiw5i4snom0rzrtrh3amhm4 828328 828327 2026-05-01T09:54:51Z Nnamadee 31123 828328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ƙungiyar Gower Ornithological ƙungiya''' ce ta ƙwararru da masu kula da tsuntsaye waɗanda ke kula da yankunan kudancin [[Wales]] waɗanda suka haɗa da Gower, Swansea, Neath da Port Talbot. {{Infobox organization|name=Gower Ornithological Society|type=Registered Charity number 1119472|founder=|product=|revenue=|owner=}} == Gidauniya da zama memba == An kafa ƙungiyar Gower Ornithological Society a shekarar 1956 kuma tana ba da shirin tarurruka ga masu lura da tsuntsaye a yankunan da aka ambata a sama. Ƙungiyar tana da nata gidan yanar gizon inda ake ƙarfafa mambobi da abokai su sanya hotunan tsuntsaye a wurin yin rikodi.<ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}</ref> Alamar ƙungiyar ita ce mai kama kawa a sama tare da Whiteford Lighthouse a baya. Membobin ƙungiyar koyaushe ƙanana ne, kusan membobi 100, amma koyaushe al'umma ce mai abokantaka da aiki. Sakataren membobin ƙungiyar a halin yanzu shine Peter Douglas-Jones. Ƙungiyar kuma tana da shugaba, sakatare, da kuma ma'aji. Akwai kuma masu rikodin ganin tsuntsaye guda biyu, ɗaya na yammacin Glamorgan da ɗayan kuma na gabashin Glamorgan. == Manufofi da manufofi == Manufar al'umma ita ce ta haɓaka kiyaye tsuntsayen daji da kuma taimaka wa mutane su koyi game da tsuntsaye. Ƙungiyar ta kuma rubuta adadi da nau'ikan tsuntsaye a yankin don rahotonta na shekara-shekara mai suna Gower Tsuntsaye. Ana buga wannan rahoton kowace shekara tun daga 1968.<ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk "Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar tana kuma samar da wasiƙun labarai na yau da kullun kuma tana samar da jerin sunayen tsuntsaye kuma tana aiki tare da sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa da yawa. Membobi da yawa suna gudanar da binciken tsuntsaye na ƙasa ga ƙungiyoyi kamar British Trust for Ornithology da [[Tsuntsaye na daji da Wetlands Trust|Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust]].<ref name="GOS" /><ref name="GB">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot |url=https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk |access-date=14 February 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.gowerbirds.org.uk "Welcome to Gower Ornithological Society: The Bird Club for Gower, Swansea & Neath Port Talbot"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ƙungiyar kuma tana gudanar da bincike na gida game da tsuntsayen lambu, bakin teku, dausayi da kuma kiwo. Wasu membobi kuma suna gudanar da ayyukan yin zoben tsuntsaye tare da buga takardu da labarai game da tsuntsaye. == Abubuwan da suka faru da ayyuka == Ana gudanar da tarurrukan cikin gida a ranar Juma'a ta huɗu ta wata daga Satumba zuwa Maris a [[Cibiyar muhalli a (Swansea)|Cibiyar Muhalli]] da ke Pier Street, Swansea, da ƙarfe 7:15 na yamma. An shirya tafiye-tafiyen fili ga membobi da baƙi.<ref name="GOS" /> Ana iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da abubuwan da suka faru a shafin yanar gizon ƙungiyar, jagorar 'Abin da ke faruwa' ta Swansea, takardar Swansea Environmental Events, ko ta hanyar aika saƙon imel ga ƙungiyar. == Rikodin tsuntsaye == Ƙungiyar tana samar da tsuntsayen Gower (Adar Gwyr, a cikin [[harshen Welsh]] ) sau ɗaya a shekara. Wannan jerin tsuntsayen da aka rubuta a yankin ne. Ana tattara bayanan ta hannun Society Recorder, wanda za a iya tuntuɓar ta ta hanyar Society, kuma ana neman su: duk nau'ikan halittu masu wuya da ƙarancinsu; duk wani sabon bayanai; duk bayanan kiwo; adadin tsuntsaye: tsuntsayen ruwa da tsuntsayen daji, garken hunturu, gidajen tsuntsayen gull, tsuntsayen da ke ƙaura, adadin tsuntsayen teku na nau'ikan halittu gama gari; cikakkun bayanai na tsuntsayen da ke da zobe; tserewa da sakewa, tare da duk wani bayanin da zai iya dacewa da asalinsu, kamar zoben ƙafa masu launi, jesses, da sauransu da duk wani abu mai ban sha'awa. Ya kamata a gabatar da bayanan ta hanyar takardar Bird Track ko Excel ko akan katunan rikodi, waɗannan suna samuwa daga Society & County Recorder. Aƙalla, ya kamata a gabatar da matakin bayanin da/ko hotuna masu dacewa akan, ko a haɗa su da, katin rikodin ko imel. Bayanan tsuntsaye na gida da waɗanda ba su da yawa a yankin sun haɗa da: mai nutsewa da baki, mai ja-necked grebe, mai shearwater mai laushi, mai shearwater Balearic, mai nutsewa da leach, mai spoonbill, mai ƙafafu masu launin ruwan hoda, [[Kakira|garganey]], mai kama da European honey buzzard, mai kama da red grouse, dotterel, mai kama da wood sandpiper, mai kama da phalarope, mai kama da pomarine skua, mai kama da long-tailed skua, mai kama da Sabine's gull, mai kama da zobe, mai kama da yellow-legged gull, mai kama da Iceland gull, mai kama da roseate tern, mai kama da black guillemot, little auk, mai kama da dong-eared mujiya, hoopoe, wryneck, waxwing, mai kama da yellow-browed warbler, mai kama da golden oriole, mai kama da great grey shrike, twite da kuma dusar ƙanƙara . Kwamitin tattara bayanai masu dacewa zai yi la'akari da bayanan da aka gabatar wa Gundumar Rikodi: Kwamitin Rarraba Tsuntsayen Burtaniya (BBRC) ko Kwamitin Bayanan Welsh (WRP). Ƙungiyar ba ta buga bayanan kowace nau'in da ake ɗauka a matsayin rarraba ta Burtaniya a cikin jerin BBRC ba sai dai idan BBRC ta yi la'akari da kuma amincewa da bayanan. Ya kamata a aika bayanan zuwa Gundumar Rikodi da wuri-wuri bayan an gansu. Akwai kuma wani shafin yanar gizo, wanda aka kafa don ganin tsuntsaye masu ban sha'awa, da sauran namun daji, daga Gower, Swansea, Neath da Port Talbot, wanda ake kira Gower Wildlife.<ref name="Blog">{{Cite web |title=Gower Wildlife |url=https://goweros.blogspot.com/ |access-date=26 December 2009}}</ref> == Aiki na gaba == Aikin da za a yi nan gaba ya haɗa da: * Inganta ƙwarewar ganowa * Gudanar da bincike don sabbin Atalan Tsuntsaye na Ƙasa da na Gida * Koyo game da aikin sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa * Tallafawa ayyukan kiyaye muhalli na gida == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] crsxflwrl1f8d0emzas6a9bksxg0ut4 0 148819 828329 2026-05-01T10:00:12Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348601774|Kevin Richardson (zookeeper)]]" 828329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevin Rene Richardson''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1974), wanda aka fi sani da "The Lion Whisperer", <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orlean |first=Susan |date=June 2015 |title=What Makes the 'Lion Whisperer' Roar Lulli? |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-makes-lion-whisperer-roar-180955290/?no-ist |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=Smithsonian}}</ref> mutum ne na Afirka ta Kudu a YouTube, mai kare namun daji kuma mai mallakar wurin ibada wanda ke aiki da [[Zaki|zakuna]], damisa baƙi, kuraye masu launin ruwan kasa da kuraye masu launin ruwan kasa . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Kevin Richardson a Asibitin Nightingale da ke [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1974. Ya yi yarintarsa a unguwar Orange Grove . <ref name="kvnbirth">{{Cite web |date=February 2009 |title=Reach for a Star: Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.sacareerfocus.co.za/content_sub.cfm?AgentsID=302&PageID=1355&SubPageID=2795 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154722/http://www.sacareerfocus.co.za/content_sub.cfm?AgentsID=302&PageID=1355&SubPageID=2795 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Reach for a Star |publisher=SA Career Focus Magazine}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa, Patricia, ta yi aiki a Barclays Bank kuma an haife ta a Afirka ta Kudu. Mahaifin Richardson, wanda ke aiki a wani kamfanin harhada magunguna, an haife shi a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] kuma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu daga Reading, Berkshire . Kevin Richardson shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara huɗu: yana da babban ɗan'uwa da 'yan'uwa mata biyu waɗanda tagwaye ne. <ref name="Partofpride">{{Cite web |last=Caskie |first=Rob |title=Kevin's Youth |url=http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Speaker: Kevin Richardson |publisher=Motivators International}}</ref> Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da Richardson yake da shekaru 13. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya haɗu da Stan Schmidt kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin "mai koyar da kai ɗabi'u." <ref name="kvnbirth" /> == Sana'a == Richardson ya je kwaleji ya yi karatun [[Zoology|ilmin dabbobi]], amma ya daina bayan shekaru biyu na darussa kan ilmin halittun ruwa maimakon dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tun yana babba, Richardson ya yi imanin cewa ba zai taɓa yin aiki da dabbobi ba kuma zai ci gaba da zama abin sha'awa a gare shi. Ya fara ɗaukar darussa a fannin ilimin halittar jiki da kuma [[Anatomy|ilimin halittar jiki]] a kwaleji kuma ya fara aiki a fannin ilimin halittar jiki <ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> kuma ya zama masanin ilimin motsa jiki . Lokacin da yake da shekaru ashirin da uku, ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara kuma ya kula da 'ya'yan zaki biyu 'yan watanni shida, Tau da Napoleon wanda daga baya ya cece su. Shekarunsa na farko sun faru ne a Lion Park kusa da wajen gidansa da ke Johannesburg. Har yanzu yana aiki tare da 'ya'yan da suka girma a daji. <ref name="pawnation" /> Mai wurin, Rodney Fuhr, ya fara shi da aikin ɗan lokaci a Lion Park. <ref name="telegraph" /> Richardson da tawagarsa suna aiki da dabbobi don masana'antar yin fim na kasuwanci kuma suna yin shirye-shiryen bidiyo don samar da kuɗi don tallafawa wurin. Suna kuma da shirin sa kai wanda ke samar da kuɗi, da kuma masu sa kai waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da wurin. === Kayan aiki === Richardson ya yi aiki a cikin filin shakatawa na Lion Park {{Convert|650|ha|acre}} a Broederstroom, wani gari mai nisan mil 35 a arewacin garinsu, Johannesburg, a Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da cewa ya ƙware a fannin zakuna, ya kuma yi mu'amala da [[Kura (dabba)|kuraye]] da dabbobin baƙaƙe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822091020/http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |archive-date=22 August 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Zimbio}}</ref> <ref name="aboutmvie">{{Cite web |title=About the White Lion Movie |url=http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Wurin shakatawa, wanda aka kafa tare da taimakon Rodney Fuhr, yana da {{Convert|800|ha|acre}} kuma an gina shi ne don saitin fim ɗin ''White Lion'' na 2010. <ref name="aboutmvie" /> Richardson yana kula da zakuna talatin da tara a wannan wurin. <ref name="zimbio">{{Cite web |last=flashnews |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822091020/http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |archive-date=22 August 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Zimbio}}</ref> {{As of|2011}} Cibiyar sirri ce, amma akwai shirin buɗe ta ga jama'a. <ref name="kvnfaq">{{Cite web |title=Can we see Kevin interacting with the animals? |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/content.asp?subID=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116000043/http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/content.asp?subID=5 |archive-date=16 January 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=FAQ}}</ref> Shafin yanar gizon mafakar ya ce a shekarar 2020 an buɗe ta ne don yawon shakatawa na rukuni kuma tana da shirin sa-kai. <ref name="sanctsite">{{Cite web |title=The Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=The Lion Whisperer}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, wurin ajiye namun daji na Kevin Richardson ya koma Welgedacht Private Game Reserve kusa da Pretoria. <ref name="sanctsite">{{Cite web |title=The Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=The Lion Whisperer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ "The Wildlife Sanctuary"]. ''The Lion Whisperer''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> === Kula da zaki === [[Fayil:Kevin_Richardson_with_lions.jpg|left|thumb|Kevin Richardson tare da [[Zaki|zakuna]]]] Ya yi barci kusa da shi, ya ciyar da shi, kuma ya zauna tare da zakoki. Ya kuma yi aiki da cheetahs, [[damisa]], da kuraye. Yana fifita zaki fiye da kowace babbar kyanwa. <ref name="hemmy">{{Cite web |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.hemmy.net/2007/07/16/the-lion-whisperer-kevin-richardson/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091014225209/http://www.hemmy.net/2007/07/16/the-lion-whisperer-kevin-richardson/ |archive-date=14 October 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Duk da haka, dangantakarsa da dabbobin ba ta kasance nan take ba. Ya san dukkan zakunan da yake aiki da su tun suna 'yan mata. <ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCelizic">Celizic, Mike. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 "Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer'"]. ''Today: Pets and Animals''. MSNBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals Archived] from the original on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Har yanzu yana ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Tau da Napoleon, 'yan'uwan zaki waɗanda suka kasance farkonsa ga manyan kuraye. Duk da cewa ya taɓa shiga harkar kula da ɗan zaki a baya, Richardson ya ƙi ra'ayin gargajiya cewa ya kamata a ƙware kuma a mamaye zakoki, yana fifita ƙulla dangantaka a kan lokaci, bisa ga ƙauna da girmamawa. "Zaki ba mallakar mutum ba ne; halitta ce mai hankali, don haka dole ne ka kula kuma ka haɓaka alaƙarka kamar kowace dangantaka." ==== Haɗari ==== An yi wa Richardson kaifi, an huda shi, an kuma ciji shi amma bai hana shi da waɗannan haɗarin ba. A cikin wata hira, ya ambaci, "Babu shakka mutum ya fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da aiki da dabbobi masu irin wannan ƙarfin, na auna ribobi kuma na auna ribobi, kuma ribobi sun fi ribobi." Duk da haka, ya yi gargaɗi game da bin sawunsa. Duk hotunan abubuwan da ya faru ba sa nuna shekarunsa na gogewa da haɗin kai. "Mutane suna son ɗaukar abubuwa daga mahallinsu. Ba su san dangantakar da nake da ita da wannan zakin ba." A matsayinka na mai mulki, Richardson yana hulɗa ne kawai da zakunan da yake tare da su tun lokacin haihuwarsu. <ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCelizic">Celizic, Mike. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 "Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer'"]. ''Today: Pets and Animals''. MSNBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals Archived] from the original on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Richardson ya kuma bambanta aikinsa da na masana dabbobi da ke mu'amala da dabbobin daji gaba ɗaya da ba su yi kiwon su ba, ko na masu horar da dabbobinsu waɗanda ake buƙatar dabbobinsu su yi wasa a kan dandamali kowace rana. ==== Takaddama ==== Richardson ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da zakunan wurin shakatawa na zaki wanda aka nuna a cikin wani ɓangare na shirin [[CBS]] na ''60 Minutes'' na 2014, wanda ya bayyana cewa Wurin shakatawa na Zaki da ke Lanseria yana kiwon zakunan don tabbatar da wadatar 'ya'yan itatuwa a duk shekara. Lokacin da zakunan suka girma, an tura su zuwa ayyukan farauta na gwangwani saboda suna da haɗari sosai don kusantar masu yawon buɗe ido. <ref name="IOL">{{cite news |date=19 August 2016 |title=Lion Park's canned hunting 'exposé' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/travel/travel-news/lion-parks-canned-hunting-expose-1795502 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=The Lion Park expose |publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]] |location=Johannesburg}}</ref> An soki Wurin shakatawa na Zaki saboda barin dabbobin su yi ta lalata da zakunan da kuma samar da zakunan ga masana'antar zakunan gwangwani. Haka kuma mutane da yawa a cikin al'ummar kiyayewa sun soki shi, waɗanda membobinsu suka bayyana cewa abubuwan da ke haɗa mutane da zakunan a "tafiya" suna da haɗari saboda yanayin da ba a iya faɗi ba na dabbobin daji. An kuma yi wa Richardson tambaya a matsayin mai kula da kiyayewa tare da ƙwararru suna cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a wuraren ajiyar masu zaman kansu don tabbatar da cewa suna kwaikwayon abin da aka haɓaka a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Masu kare muhalli Luke TB Hunter, Paula White, Philipp Henschel, da Laurence Frank, a cikin wani kasidar 2012 mai taken "Tafiya da zakuna: me yasa babu wani rawa ga zakuna na asali da aka kama ''Panthera leo'' a cikin dawo da nau'ikan halittu", sun kammala da cewa wuraren shakatawa a Afirka da ke da shirin sake dawo da zakuna cikin daji, ciki har da na Richardson, har yanzu ba su yi hakan ba har zuwa 2013 kuma sun sami ƙarancin darajar kiyayewa wanda ya ba da hujjar amfani da zakuna na asali da aka kama don sake gabatar da su. ==== Hari mai muni na watan Fabrairun 2018 ==== A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, wata matashiya ta mutu a wurin ajiye namun daji na Dinokeng da zakin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawarsa. Richardson ya rasa inda zakin yake lokacin da ta bi wata ginshiƙi na tsawon {{Convert|2|km}}, inda zakin ya kai hari ga baƙon da ya ziyarci wurin ajiyar namun daji a ranar. Masanin ilimin halittu na namun daji Luke Dollar ya mayar da martani ga kisan a cikin wani labarin da National Geographic ta wallafa, yana mai cewa "halaye da shirye-shiryen da suka kauce wa gaskiyar matsayinmu a cikin sarkar abinci sun zama kamar haɗari ne da ke jiran faruwa." == Ayyuka/wallafe-wallafe == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lakabi ! Minti/Shafuka ! Siffofi ! An Shirya/An Buga ! Ranar fitarwa |- | ''Abokan Haɗari'' | Minti 52 | Zakuna | Ba a sani ba | 2005 |- | ''Girman Kuraye'' | Sashe na Jerin Girma | Kuraye masu tabo | Duniyar Dabbobi | 5 ga Agusta 2008 (DVD) |- | ''Neman Tatsuniya'' | Minti 52 | Baƙar damisa | Graham Wallington | Ba a sani ba |- | ''Farin Zaki: Gida Tafiya Ce'' | Minti 88 | Zaki fari | Kamfanonin Peru | 19 Fabrairu 2010 |- | ''Wani ɓangare na Alfahari: Rayuwata Tsakanin Manyan Kurayen Afirka'' | Shafuka 256 | Kevin Richardson | Ma'aikatar Labarai ta St. Martin | 1 Satumba 2009 |- | ''Haske, Kyamara, Zakuna!'' | Minti 52 | Zakuna | Masu Rarraba Ƙasa | 2010 |- | ''Jerin Masu Ranger na Zaki'' | Minti 3 x 60 | Daban-daban | Renegade Productions | Maris 2010 |- | ''Zakuna a Motsi'' | Minti 2 x 53 + Minti 1 x 90 | Daban-daban | Terra Mater Factual Studios | 2012 |- | ''Safari na Afirka na 3D'' | Awa 1 Minti 25 | Daban-daban | StudioCanal | 2013 |- | ''GoPro: Zakuna - Sabon Nau'in Da Ke Fuskantar Barazana?'' | Minti 14 | Zaki, Kuraye | GoPro | Nuwamba 2013 |- | ''Mai Killer IQ – Zaki vs Kure'' | Minti 2 x 46 | Zaki, Kuraye | Tashar Smithsonian | 2014 |- | ''Kurayen Daji 3D'' | Minti 39 | Daban-daban | Rarraba Hotunan NWAve | 2015 |- | ''Tafiya ta Hanyar Predator'' | Kashi 2 na Shirye-shirye | Daban-daban | Tashar Smithsonian | 2016 |} [[Fayil:Kevin_Richardson_with_hyenas.jpg|thumb|Kevin Richardson tare da kuraye]] An nuna Richardson a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai da dama, fina-finai, da tallace-tallace. A lokacin da yake aiki a Lion Park ne Michael Rosenberg ya yanke shawarar amfani da Richardson a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai kamar ''Dangerous Companions'' da In ''Search of a'' Legend. ''Growing Up Hyena'' wani shiri ne na gaskiya wanda Richardson ya shirya don canza kuskuren fahimtar kuren a matsayin mai ɓoyewa da ake tsoro da ƙyama. <ref name="animalplanet">{{Cite web |title=Animal Planet - Growing up Hyena |url=http://www.throng.co.nz/documentary/animal-planet-growing-up-hyena |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915125732/http://www.throng.co.nz/documentary/animal-planet-growing-up-hyena |archive-date=15 September 2010 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Animal Planet}}</ref> Aikin Richardson a Okavango Delta da Lydenberg sun fito da shirin gaskiya game da damisa baƙi mai suna ''In Search of a Legend'' . Saboda yawan ɗaukar fim, Richardson ya kwashe dukkan dabbobin zuwa wani wuri a cikin kadarar Kingdom of the White Lion. Richardson ya shirya fim ɗin ''White Lion: Home is a Journey'' na shekarar 2010, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=White Lion (2010) - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1618421/fullcredits |access-date=2 August 2020 |website=IMDb}}</ref> game da ƙaramin zaki fari, "Letsatsi," wanda ke tsira daga duk wani ƙalubale. <ref name="Partofpride">{{Cite web |last=Caskie |first=Rob |title=Kevin's Youth |url=http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Speaker: Kevin Richardson |publisher=Motivators International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCaskie">Caskie, Rob. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker "Kevin's Youth"]. ''Speaker: Kevin Richardson''. Motivators International. Archived from [http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 the original] on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Wannan fim ɗin shine na farko da ya fito a cikin jerin zakunan 'yan asalin ƙasar maimakon waɗanda ake shigo da su akai-akai. Rodney Fuhr da matarsa, Ilana, sun ba da kuɗin fim ɗin da kansu kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin manyan furodusoshi. An ɗauki fim ɗin a Kingdom of the White Lion, SA Lion Park, gonar Nash, Glen Afric, da Entabeni Game Reserve . Fim ɗin farko na kamfanin Peru Productions Pty. Ltd. da ke Afirka ta Kudu shine ''[[White Lion (fim)|White Lion]]'' . <ref name="aboutmvie">{{Cite web |title=About the White Lion Movie |url=http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html "About the White Lion Movie"]. Archived from [http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html the original] on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] tt9u9how7uj8wx5fyqzyjqzh0itgqap 828330 828329 2026-05-01T10:07:50Z Nnamadee 31123 828330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kevin Rene Richardson''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1974), wanda aka fi sani da "The Lion Whisperer", <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orlean |first=Susan |date=June 2015 |title=What Makes the 'Lion Whisperer' Roar Lulli? |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-makes-lion-whisperer-roar-180955290/?no-ist |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=Smithsonian}}</ref> mutum ne na Afirka ta Kudu a YouTube, mai kare namun daji kuma mai mallakar wurin ibada wanda ke aiki da [[Zaki|zakuna]], damisa baƙi, kuraye masu launin ruwan kasa da kuraye masu launin ruwan kasa . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Kevin Richardson a Asibitin Nightingale da ke [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1974. Ya yi yarintarsa a unguwar Orange Grove . <ref name="kvnbirth">{{Cite web |date=February 2009 |title=Reach for a Star: Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.sacareerfocus.co.za/content_sub.cfm?AgentsID=302&PageID=1355&SubPageID=2795 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154722/http://www.sacareerfocus.co.za/content_sub.cfm?AgentsID=302&PageID=1355&SubPageID=2795 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Reach for a Star |publisher=SA Career Focus Magazine}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa, Patricia, ta yi aiki a Barclays Bank kuma an haife ta a Afirka ta Kudu. Mahaifin Richardson, wanda ke aiki a wani kamfanin harhada magunguna, an haife shi a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] kuma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu daga Reading, Berkshire . Kevin Richardson shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara huɗu: yana da babban ɗan'uwa da 'yan'uwa mata biyu waɗanda tagwaye ne. <ref name="Partofpride">{{Cite web |last=Caskie |first=Rob |title=Kevin's Youth |url=http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Speaker: Kevin Richardson |publisher=Motivators International}}</ref> Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da Richardson yake da shekaru 13. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya haɗu da Stan Schmidt kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin "mai koyar da kai ɗabi'u." <ref name="kvnbirth" /> == Sana'a == Richardson ya je kwaleji ya yi karatun [[Zoology|ilmin dabbobi]], amma ya daina bayan shekaru biyu na darussa kan ilmin halittun ruwa maimakon dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tun yana babba, Richardson ya yi imanin cewa ba zai taɓa yin aiki da dabbobi ba kuma zai ci gaba da zama abin sha'awa a gare shi. Ya fara ɗaukar darussa a fannin ilimin halittar jiki da kuma [[Anatomy|ilimin halittar jiki]] a kwaleji kuma ya fara aiki a fannin ilimin halittar jiki<ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> kuma ya zama masanin ilimin motsa jiki . Lokacin da yake da shekaru ashirin da uku, ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara kuma ya kula da 'ya'yan zaki biyu 'yan watanni shida, Tau da Napoleon wanda daga baya ya cece su. Shekarunsa na farko sun faru ne a Lion Park kusa da wajen gidansa da ke Johannesburg. Har yanzu yana aiki tare da 'ya'yan da suka girma a daji.<ref name="pawnation" /> Mai wurin, Rodney Fuhr, ya fara shi da aikin ɗan lokaci a Lion Park. <ref name="telegraph" /> Richardson da tawagarsa suna aiki da dabbobi don masana'antar yin fim na kasuwanci kuma suna yin shirye-shiryen bidiyo don samar da kuɗi don tallafawa wurin. Suna kuma da shirin sa kai wanda ke samar da kuɗi, da kuma masu sa kai waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da wurin. === Kayan aiki === Richardson ya yi aiki a cikin filin shakatawa na Lion Park {{Convert|650|ha|acre}} a Broederstroom, wani gari mai nisan mil 35 a arewacin garinsu, Johannesburg, a Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da cewa ya ƙware a fannin zakuna, ya kuma yi mu'amala da [[Kura (dabba)|kuraye]] da dabbobin baƙaƙe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822091020/http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |archive-date=22 August 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Zimbio}}</ref> <ref name="aboutmvie">{{Cite web |title=About the White Lion Movie |url=http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Wurin shakatawa, wanda aka kafa tare da taimakon Rodney Fuhr, yana da {{Convert|800|ha|acre}} kuma an gina shi ne don saitin fim ɗin ''White Lion'' na 2010.<ref name="aboutmvie" /> Richardson yana kula da zakuna talatin da tara a wannan wurin. <ref name="zimbio">{{Cite web |last=flashnews |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822091020/http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |archive-date=22 August 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Zimbio}}</ref> {{As of|2011}} Cibiyar sirri ce, amma akwai shirin buɗe ta ga jama'a.<ref name="kvnfaq">{{Cite web |title=Can we see Kevin interacting with the animals? |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/content.asp?subID=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116000043/http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/content.asp?subID=5 |archive-date=16 January 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=FAQ}}</ref> Shafin yanar gizon mafakar ya ce a shekarar 2020 an buɗe ta ne don yawon shakatawa na rukuni kuma tana da shirin sa-kai.<ref name="sanctsite">{{Cite web |title=The Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=The Lion Whisperer}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, wurin ajiye namun daji na Kevin Richardson ya koma Welgedacht Private Game Reserve kusa da Pretoria. <ref name="sanctsite">{{Cite web |title=The Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=The Lion Whisperer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ "The Wildlife Sanctuary"]. ''The Lion Whisperer''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> === Kula da zaki === [[Fayil:Kevin_Richardson_with_lions.jpg|left|thumb|Kevin Richardson tare da [[Zaki|zakuna]]]] Ya yi barci kusa da shi, ya ciyar da shi, kuma ya zauna tare da zakoki. Ya kuma yi aiki da cheetahs, [[damisa]], da kuraye. Yana fifita zaki fiye da kowace babbar kyanwa. <ref name="hemmy">{{Cite web |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.hemmy.net/2007/07/16/the-lion-whisperer-kevin-richardson/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091014225209/http://www.hemmy.net/2007/07/16/the-lion-whisperer-kevin-richardson/ |archive-date=14 October 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Duk da haka, dangantakarsa da dabbobin ba ta kasance nan take ba. Ya san dukkan zakunan da yake aiki da su tun suna 'yan mata.<ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCelizic">Celizic, Mike. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 "Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer'"]. ''Today: Pets and Animals''. MSNBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals Archived] from the original on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Har yanzu yana ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Tau da Napoleon, 'yan'uwan zaki waɗanda suka kasance farkonsa ga manyan kuraye. Duk da cewa ya taɓa shiga harkar kula da ɗan zaki a baya, Richardson ya ƙi ra'ayin gargajiya cewa ya kamata a ƙware kuma a mamaye zakoki, yana fifita ƙulla dangantaka a kan lokaci, bisa ga ƙauna da girmamawa. "Zaki ba mallakar mutum ba ne; halitta ce mai hankali, don haka dole ne ka kula kuma ka haɓaka alaƙarka kamar kowace dangantaka." ==== Haɗari ==== An yi wa Richardson kaifi, an huda shi, an kuma ciji shi amma bai hana shi da waɗannan haɗarin ba. A cikin wata hira, ya ambaci, "Babu shakka mutum ya fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da aiki da dabbobi masu irin wannan ƙarfin, na auna ribobi kuma na auna ribobi, kuma ribobi sun fi ribobi." Duk da haka, ya yi gargaɗi game da bin sawunsa. Duk hotunan abubuwan da ya faru ba sa nuna shekarunsa na gogewa da haɗin kai. "Mutane suna son ɗaukar abubuwa daga mahallinsu. Ba su san dangantakar da nake da ita da wannan zakin ba." A matsayinka na mai mulki, Richardson yana hulɗa ne kawai da zakunan da yake tare da su tun lokacin haihuwarsu.<ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCelizic">Celizic, Mike. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 "Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer'"]. ''Today: Pets and Animals''. MSNBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals Archived] from the original on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Richardson ya kuma bambanta aikinsa da na masana dabbobi da ke mu'amala da dabbobin daji gaba ɗaya da ba su yi kiwon su ba, ko na masu horar da dabbobinsu waɗanda ake buƙatar dabbobinsu su yi wasa a kan dandamali kowace rana. ==== Takaddama ==== Richardson ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da zakunan wurin shakatawa na zaki wanda aka nuna a cikin wani ɓangare na shirin [[CBS]] na ''60 Minutes'' na 2014, wanda ya bayyana cewa Wurin shakatawa na Zaki da ke Lanseria yana kiwon zakunan don tabbatar da wadatar 'ya'yan itatuwa a duk shekara. Lokacin da zakunan suka girma, an tura su zuwa ayyukan farauta na gwangwani saboda suna da haɗari sosai don kusantar masu yawon buɗe ido.<ref name="IOL">{{cite news |date=19 August 2016 |title=Lion Park's canned hunting 'exposé' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/travel/travel-news/lion-parks-canned-hunting-expose-1795502 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=The Lion Park expose |publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]] |location=Johannesburg}}</ref> An soki Wurin shakatawa na Zaki saboda barin dabbobin su yi ta lalata da zakunan da kuma samar da zakunan ga masana'antar zakunan gwangwani. Haka kuma mutane da yawa a cikin al'ummar kiyayewa sun soki shi, waɗanda membobinsu suka bayyana cewa abubuwan da ke haɗa mutane da zakunan a "tafiya" suna da haɗari saboda yanayin da ba a iya faɗi ba na dabbobin daji. An kuma yi wa Richardson tambaya a matsayin mai kula da kiyayewa tare da ƙwararru suna cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a wuraren ajiyar masu zaman kansu don tabbatar da cewa suna kwaikwayon abin da aka haɓaka a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Masu kare muhalli Luke TB Hunter, Paula White, Philipp Henschel, da Laurence Frank, a cikin wani kasidar 2012 mai taken "Tafiya da zakuna: me yasa babu wani rawa ga zakuna na asali da aka kama ''Panthera leo'' a cikin dawo da nau'ikan halittu", sun kammala da cewa wuraren shakatawa a Afirka da ke da shirin sake dawo da zakuna cikin daji, ciki har da na Richardson, har yanzu ba su yi hakan ba har zuwa 2013 kuma sun sami ƙarancin darajar kiyayewa wanda ya ba da hujjar amfani da zakuna na asali da aka kama don sake gabatar da su. ==== Hari mai muni na watan Fabrairun 2018 ==== A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, wata matashiya ta mutu a wurin ajiye namun daji na Dinokeng da zakin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawarsa. Richardson ya rasa inda zakin yake lokacin da ta bi wata ginshiƙi na tsawon {{Convert|2|km}}, inda zakin ya kai hari ga baƙon da ya ziyarci wurin ajiyar namun daji a ranar. Masanin ilimin halittu na namun daji Luke Dollar ya mayar da martani ga kisan a cikin wani labarin da National Geographic ta wallafa, yana mai cewa "halaye da shirye-shiryen da suka kauce wa gaskiyar matsayinmu a cikin sarkar abinci sun zama kamar haɗari ne da ke jiran faruwa." == Ayyuka/wallafe-wallafe == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lakabi ! Minti/Shafuka ! Siffofi ! An Shirya/An Buga ! Ranar fitarwa |- | ''Abokan Haɗari'' | Minti 52 | Zakuna | Ba a sani ba | 2005 |- | ''Girman Kuraye'' | Sashe na Jerin Girma | Kuraye masu tabo | Duniyar Dabbobi | 5 ga Agusta 2008 (DVD) |- | ''Neman Tatsuniya'' | Minti 52 | Baƙar damisa | Graham Wallington | Ba a sani ba |- | ''Farin Zaki: Gida Tafiya Ce'' | Minti 88 | Zaki fari | Kamfanonin Peru | 19 Fabrairu 2010 |- | ''Wani ɓangare na Alfahari: Rayuwata Tsakanin Manyan Kurayen Afirka'' | Shafuka 256 | Kevin Richardson | Ma'aikatar Labarai ta St. Martin | 1 Satumba 2009 |- | ''Haske, Kyamara, Zakuna!'' | Minti 52 | Zakuna | Masu Rarraba Ƙasa | 2010 |- | ''Jerin Masu Ranger na Zaki'' | Minti 3 x 60 | Daban-daban | Renegade Productions | Maris 2010 |- | ''Zakuna a Motsi'' | Minti 2 x 53 + Minti 1 x 90 | Daban-daban | Terra Mater Factual Studios | 2012 |- | ''Safari na Afirka na 3D'' | Awa 1 Minti 25 | Daban-daban | StudioCanal | 2013 |- | ''GoPro: Zakuna - Sabon Nau'in Da Ke Fuskantar Barazana?'' | Minti 14 | Zaki, Kuraye | GoPro | Nuwamba 2013 |- | ''Mai Killer IQ – Zaki vs Kure'' | Minti 2 x 46 | Zaki, Kuraye | Tashar Smithsonian | 2014 |- | ''Kurayen Daji 3D'' | Minti 39 | Daban-daban | Rarraba Hotunan NWAve | 2015 |- | ''Tafiya ta Hanyar Predator'' | Kashi 2 na Shirye-shirye | Daban-daban | Tashar Smithsonian | 2016 |} [[Fayil:Kevin_Richardson_with_hyenas.jpg|thumb|Kevin Richardson tare da kuraye]] An nuna Richardson a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai da dama, fina-finai, da tallace-tallace. A lokacin da yake aiki a Lion Park ne Michael Rosenberg ya yanke shawarar amfani da Richardson a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai kamar ''Dangerous Companions'' da In ''Search of a'' Legend. ''Growing Up Hyena'' wani shiri ne na gaskiya wanda Richardson ya shirya don canza kuskuren fahimtar kuren a matsayin mai ɓoyewa da ake tsoro da ƙyama. <ref name="animalplanet">{{Cite web |title=Animal Planet - Growing up Hyena |url=http://www.throng.co.nz/documentary/animal-planet-growing-up-hyena |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915125732/http://www.throng.co.nz/documentary/animal-planet-growing-up-hyena |archive-date=15 September 2010 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Animal Planet}}</ref> Aikin Richardson a Okavango Delta da Lydenberg sun fito da shirin gaskiya game da damisa baƙi mai suna ''In Search of a Legend'' . Saboda yawan ɗaukar fim, Richardson ya kwashe dukkan dabbobin zuwa wani wuri a cikin kadarar Kingdom of the White Lion. Richardson ya shirya fim ɗin ''White Lion: Home is a Journey'' na shekarar 2010,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=White Lion (2010) - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1618421/fullcredits |access-date=2 August 2020 |website=IMDb}}</ref> game da ƙaramin zaki fari, "Letsatsi," wanda ke tsira daga duk wani ƙalubale.<ref name="Partofpride">{{Cite web |last=Caskie |first=Rob |title=Kevin's Youth |url=http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Speaker: Kevin Richardson |publisher=Motivators International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCaskie">Caskie, Rob. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker "Kevin's Youth"]. ''Speaker: Kevin Richardson''. Motivators International. Archived from [http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 the original] on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Wannan fim ɗin shine na farko da ya fito a cikin jerin zakunan 'yan asalin ƙasar maimakon waɗanda ake shigo da su akai-akai. Rodney Fuhr da matarsa, Ilana, sun ba da kuɗin fim ɗin da kansu kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin manyan furodusoshi. An ɗauki fim ɗin a Kingdom of the White Lion, SA Lion Park, gonar Nash, Glen Afric, da Entabeni Game Reserve . Fim ɗin farko na kamfanin Peru Productions Pty. Ltd. da ke Afirka ta Kudu shine ''[[White Lion (fim)|White Lion]].''<ref name="aboutmvie">{{Cite web |title=About the White Lion Movie |url=http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html "About the White Lion Movie"]. Archived from [http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html the original] on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9i99g5g6oo0ssv8ytpsdf21gcknzj4g 828331 828330 2026-05-01T10:08:22Z Nnamadee 31123 828331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kevin Rene Richardson''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1974), wanda aka fi sani da "The Lion Whisperer", <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orlean |first=Susan |date=June 2015 |title=What Makes the 'Lion Whisperer' Roar Lulli? |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/what-makes-lion-whisperer-roar-180955290/?no-ist |access-date=2016-03-02 |website=Smithsonian}}</ref> mutum ne na Afirka ta Kudu a YouTube, mai kare namun daji kuma mai mallakar wurin ibada wanda ke aiki da [[Zaki|zakuna]], damisa baƙi, kuraye masu launin ruwan kasa da kuraye masu launin ruwan kasa . == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Kevin Richardson a Asibitin Nightingale da ke [[Johannesburg]], [[Afirka ta Kudu]], a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1974. Ya yi yarintarsa a unguwar Orange Grove . <ref name="kvnbirth">{{Cite web |date=February 2009 |title=Reach for a Star: Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.sacareerfocus.co.za/content_sub.cfm?AgentsID=302&PageID=1355&SubPageID=2795 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222154722/http://www.sacareerfocus.co.za/content_sub.cfm?AgentsID=302&PageID=1355&SubPageID=2795 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Reach for a Star |publisher=SA Career Focus Magazine}}</ref> Mahaifiyarsa, Patricia, ta yi aiki a Barclays Bank kuma an haife ta a Afirka ta Kudu. Mahaifin Richardson, wanda ke aiki a wani kamfanin harhada magunguna, an haife shi a [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] kuma ya koma Afirka ta Kudu daga Reading, Berkshire . Kevin Richardson shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara huɗu: yana da babban ɗan'uwa da 'yan'uwa mata biyu waɗanda tagwaye ne. <ref name="Partofpride">{{Cite web |last=Caskie |first=Rob |title=Kevin's Youth |url=http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Speaker: Kevin Richardson |publisher=Motivators International}}</ref> Mahaifinsa ya mutu lokacin da Richardson yake da shekaru 13. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya haɗu da Stan Schmidt kuma ya fara aikinsa a matsayin "mai koyar da kai ɗabi'u." <ref name="kvnbirth" /> == Sana'a == Richardson ya je kwaleji ya yi karatun [[Zoology|ilmin dabbobi]], amma ya daina bayan shekaru biyu na darussa kan ilmin halittun ruwa maimakon dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tun yana babba, Richardson ya yi imanin cewa ba zai taɓa yin aiki da dabbobi ba kuma zai ci gaba da zama abin sha'awa a gare shi. Ya fara ɗaukar darussa a fannin ilimin halittar jiki da kuma [[Anatomy|ilimin halittar jiki]] a kwaleji kuma ya fara aiki a fannin ilimin halittar jiki<ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}</ref> kuma ya zama masanin ilimin motsa jiki . Lokacin da yake da shekaru ashirin da uku, ya sami damar yin aiki a matsayin mai kula da yara kuma ya kula da 'ya'yan zaki biyu 'yan watanni shida, Tau da Napoleon wanda daga baya ya cece su. Shekarunsa na farko sun faru ne a Lion Park kusa da wajen gidansa da ke Johannesburg. Har yanzu yana aiki tare da 'ya'yan da suka girma a daji.<ref name="pawnation" /> Mai wurin, Rodney Fuhr, ya fara shi da aikin ɗan lokaci a Lion Park. <ref name="telegraph" /> Richardson da tawagarsa suna aiki da dabbobi don masana'antar yin fim na kasuwanci kuma suna yin shirye-shiryen bidiyo don samar da kuɗi don tallafawa wurin. Suna kuma da shirin sa kai wanda ke samar da kuɗi, da kuma masu sa kai waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da wurin. === Kayan aiki === Richardson ya yi aiki a cikin filin shakatawa na Lion Park {{Convert|650|ha|acre}} a Broederstroom, wani gari mai nisan mil 35 a arewacin garinsu, Johannesburg, a Afirka ta Kudu. Duk da cewa ya ƙware a fannin zakuna, ya kuma yi mu'amala da [[Kura (dabba)|kuraye]] da dabbobin baƙaƙe . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822091020/http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |archive-date=22 August 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Zimbio}}</ref> <ref name="aboutmvie">{{Cite web |title=About the White Lion Movie |url=http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Wurin shakatawa, wanda aka kafa tare da taimakon Rodney Fuhr, yana da {{Convert|800|ha|acre}} kuma an gina shi ne don saitin fim ɗin ''White Lion'' na 2010.<ref name="aboutmvie" /> Richardson yana kula da zakuna talatin da tara a wannan wurin. <ref name="zimbio">{{Cite web |last=flashnews |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822091020/http://www.zimbio.com/Kevin+Richardson/articles/AxEypPnHuQL/Lion+Whisperer+Kevin+Richardson |archive-date=22 August 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Zimbio}}</ref> {{As of|2011}} Cibiyar sirri ce, amma akwai shirin buɗe ta ga jama'a.<ref name="kvnfaq">{{Cite web |title=Can we see Kevin interacting with the animals? |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/content.asp?subID=5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116000043/http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/content.asp?subID=5 |archive-date=16 January 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=FAQ}}</ref> Shafin yanar gizon mafakar ya ce a shekarar 2020 an buɗe ta ne don yawon shakatawa na rukuni kuma tana da shirin sa-kai.<ref name="sanctsite">{{Cite web |title=The Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=The Lion Whisperer}}</ref> A shekarar 2015, wurin ajiye namun daji na Kevin Richardson ya koma Welgedacht Private Game Reserve kusa da Pretoria. <ref name="sanctsite">{{Cite web |title=The Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ |access-date=2020-08-02 |website=The Lion Whisperer}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lionwhisperer.co.za/wildlife-sanctuary/ "The Wildlife Sanctuary"]. ''The Lion Whisperer''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> === Kula da zaki === [[Fayil:Kevin_Richardson_with_lions.jpg|left|thumb|Kevin Richardson tare da [[Zaki|zakuna]]]] Ya yi barci kusa da shi, ya ciyar da shi, kuma ya zauna tare da zakoki. Ya kuma yi aiki da cheetahs, [[damisa]], da kuraye. Yana fifita zaki fiye da kowace babbar kyanwa. <ref name="hemmy">{{Cite web |title=The Lion Whisperer Kevin Richardson |url=http://www.hemmy.net/2007/07/16/the-lion-whisperer-kevin-richardson/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091014225209/http://www.hemmy.net/2007/07/16/the-lion-whisperer-kevin-richardson/ |archive-date=14 October 2009 |access-date=26 January 2011}}</ref> Duk da haka, dangantakarsa da dabbobin ba ta kasance nan take ba. Ya san dukkan zakunan da yake aiki da su tun suna 'yan mata.<ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCelizic">Celizic, Mike. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 "Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer'"]. ''Today: Pets and Animals''. MSNBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals Archived] from the original on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Har yanzu yana ci gaba da alaƙarsa da Tau da Napoleon, 'yan'uwan zaki waɗanda suka kasance farkonsa ga manyan kuraye. Duk da cewa ya taɓa shiga harkar kula da ɗan zaki a baya, Richardson ya ƙi ra'ayin gargajiya cewa ya kamata a ƙware kuma a mamaye zakoki, yana fifita ƙulla dangantaka a kan lokaci, bisa ga ƙauna da girmamawa. "Zaki ba mallakar mutum ba ne; halitta ce mai hankali, don haka dole ne ka kula kuma ka haɓaka alaƙarka kamar kowace dangantaka." ==== Haɗari ==== An yi wa Richardson kaifi, an huda shi, an kuma ciji shi amma bai hana shi da waɗannan haɗarin ba. A cikin wata hira, ya ambaci, "Babu shakka mutum ya fahimci haɗarin da ke tattare da aiki da dabbobi masu irin wannan ƙarfin, na auna ribobi kuma na auna ribobi, kuma ribobi sun fi ribobi." Duk da haka, ya yi gargaɗi game da bin sawunsa. Duk hotunan abubuwan da ya faru ba sa nuna shekarunsa na gogewa da haɗin kai. "Mutane suna son ɗaukar abubuwa daga mahallinsu. Ba su san dangantakar da nake da ita da wannan zakin ba." A matsayinka na mai mulki, Richardson yana hulɗa ne kawai da zakunan da yake tare da su tun lokacin haihuwarsu.<ref name="msnbc">{{Cite web |last=Celizic |first=Mike |title=Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer' |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals |archive-date=26 September 2012 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Today: Pets and Animals |publisher=MSNBC}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCelizic">Celizic, Mike. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna29771063 "Big cats purr like kittens for 'Lion Whisperer'"]. ''Today: Pets and Animals''. MSNBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120926000935/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/29771063/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals Archived] from the original on 26 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Richardson ya kuma bambanta aikinsa da na masana dabbobi da ke mu'amala da dabbobin daji gaba ɗaya da ba su yi kiwon su ba, ko na masu horar da dabbobinsu waɗanda ake buƙatar dabbobinsu su yi wasa a kan dandamali kowace rana. ==== Takaddama ==== Richardson ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da zakunan wurin shakatawa na zaki wanda aka nuna a cikin wani ɓangare na shirin [[CBS]] na ''60 Minutes'' na 2014, wanda ya bayyana cewa Wurin shakatawa na Zaki da ke Lanseria yana kiwon zakunan don tabbatar da wadatar 'ya'yan itatuwa a duk shekara. Lokacin da zakunan suka girma, an tura su zuwa ayyukan farauta na gwangwani saboda suna da haɗari sosai don kusantar masu yawon buɗe ido.<ref name="IOL">{{cite news |date=19 August 2016 |title=Lion Park's canned hunting 'exposé' |url=https://www.iol.co.za/travel/travel-news/lion-parks-canned-hunting-expose-1795502 |access-date=3 March 2018 |work=The Lion Park expose |publisher=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]] |location=Johannesburg}}</ref> An soki Wurin shakatawa na Zaki saboda barin dabbobin su yi ta lalata da zakunan da kuma samar da zakunan ga masana'antar zakunan gwangwani. Haka kuma mutane da yawa a cikin al'ummar kiyayewa sun soki shi, waɗanda membobinsu suka bayyana cewa abubuwan da ke haɗa mutane da zakunan a "tafiya" suna da haɗari saboda yanayin da ba a iya faɗi ba na dabbobin daji. An kuma yi wa Richardson tambaya a matsayin mai kula da kiyayewa tare da ƙwararru suna cewa ana buƙatar ƙarin kulawa a wuraren ajiyar masu zaman kansu don tabbatar da cewa suna kwaikwayon abin da aka haɓaka a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Masu kare muhalli Luke TB Hunter, Paula White, Philipp Henschel, da Laurence Frank, a cikin wani kasidar 2012 mai taken "Tafiya da zakuna: me yasa babu wani rawa ga zakuna na asali da aka kama ''Panthera leo'' a cikin dawo da nau'ikan halittu", sun kammala da cewa wuraren shakatawa a Afirka da ke da shirin sake dawo da zakuna cikin daji, ciki har da na Richardson, har yanzu ba su yi hakan ba har zuwa 2013 kuma sun sami ƙarancin darajar kiyayewa wanda ya ba da hujjar amfani da zakuna na asali da aka kama don sake gabatar da su. ==== Hari mai muni na watan Fabrairun 2018 ==== A ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, wata matashiya ta mutu a wurin ajiye namun daji na Dinokeng da zakin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawarsa. Richardson ya rasa inda zakin yake lokacin da ta bi wata ginshiƙi na tsawon {{Convert|2|km}}, inda zakin ya kai hari ga baƙon da ya ziyarci wurin ajiyar namun daji a ranar. Masanin ilimin halittu na namun daji Luke Dollar ya mayar da martani ga kisan a cikin wani labarin da National Geographic ta wallafa, yana mai cewa "halaye da shirye-shiryen da suka kauce wa gaskiyar matsayinmu a cikin sarkar abinci sun zama kamar haɗari ne da ke jiran faruwa." == Ayyuka/wallafe-wallafe == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Lakabi ! Minti/Shafuka ! Siffofi ! An Shirya/An Buga ! Ranar fitarwa |- | ''Abokan Haɗari'' | Minti 52 | Zakuna | Ba a sani ba | 2005 |- | ''Girman Kuraye'' | Sashe na Jerin Girma | Kuraye masu tabo | Duniyar Dabbobi | 5 ga Agusta 2008 (DVD) |- | ''Neman Tatsuniya'' | Minti 52 | Baƙar damisa | Graham Wallington | Ba a sani ba |- | ''Farin Zaki: Gida Tafiya Ce'' | Minti 88 | Zaki fari | Kamfanonin Peru | 19 Fabrairu 2010 |- | ''Wani ɓangare na Alfahari: Rayuwata Tsakanin Manyan Kurayen Afirka'' | Shafuka 256 | Kevin Richardson | Ma'aikatar Labarai ta St. Martin | 1 Satumba 2009 |- | ''Haske, Kyamara, Zakuna!'' | Minti 52 | Zakuna | Masu Rarraba Ƙasa | 2010 |- | ''Jerin Masu Ranger na Zaki'' | Minti 3 x 60 | Daban-daban | Renegade Productions | Maris 2010 |- | ''Zakuna a Motsi'' | Minti 2 x 53 + Minti 1 x 90 | Daban-daban | Terra Mater Factual Studios | 2012 |- | ''Safari na Afirka na 3D'' | Awa 1 Minti 25 | Daban-daban | StudioCanal | 2013 |- | ''GoPro: Zakuna - Sabon Nau'in Da Ke Fuskantar Barazana?'' | Minti 14 | Zaki, Kuraye | GoPro | Nuwamba 2013 |- | ''Mai Killer IQ – Zaki vs Kure'' | Minti 2 x 46 | Zaki, Kuraye | Tashar Smithsonian | 2014 |- | ''Kurayen Daji 3D'' | Minti 39 | Daban-daban | Rarraba Hotunan NWAve | 2015 |- | ''Tafiya ta Hanyar Predator'' | Kashi 2 na Shirye-shirye | Daban-daban | Tashar Smithsonian | 2016 |} [[Fayil:Kevin_Richardson_with_hyenas.jpg|thumb|Kevin Richardson tare da kuraye]] An nuna Richardson a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai da dama, fina-finai, da tallace-tallace. A lokacin da yake aiki a Lion Park ne Michael Rosenberg ya yanke shawarar amfani da Richardson a cikin shirye-shiryen fina-finai kamar ''Dangerous Companions'' da In ''Search of a'' Legend. ''Growing Up Hyena'' wani shiri ne na gaskiya wanda Richardson ya shirya don canza kuskuren fahimtar kuren a matsayin mai ɓoyewa da ake tsoro da ƙyama. <ref name="animalplanet">{{Cite web |title=Animal Planet - Growing up Hyena |url=http://www.throng.co.nz/documentary/animal-planet-growing-up-hyena |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100915125732/http://www.throng.co.nz/documentary/animal-planet-growing-up-hyena |archive-date=15 September 2010 |access-date=26 January 2011 |publisher=Animal Planet}}</ref> Aikin Richardson a Okavango Delta da Lydenberg sun fito da shirin gaskiya game da damisa baƙi mai suna ''In Search of a Legend'' . Saboda yawan ɗaukar fim, Richardson ya kwashe dukkan dabbobin zuwa wani wuri a cikin kadarar Kingdom of the White Lion. Richardson ya shirya fim ɗin ''White Lion: Home is a Journey'' na shekarar 2010,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=White Lion (2010) - Full Cast & Crew |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1618421/fullcredits |access-date=2 August 2020 |website=IMDb}}</ref> game da ƙaramin zaki fari, "Letsatsi," wanda ke tsira daga duk wani ƙalubale.<ref name="Partofpride">{{Cite web |last=Caskie |first=Rob |title=Kevin's Youth |url=http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker |archive-date=9 October 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011 |website=Speaker: Kevin Richardson |publisher=Motivators International}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCaskie">Caskie, Rob. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111009024844/http://www.motivators-international.co.za/?contentid=12605359050&contenttype=speaker "Kevin's Youth"]. ''Speaker: Kevin Richardson''. Motivators International. Archived from [http://motivators-international.co.za/?contenttype=speaker&contentid=12605359050 the original] on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Wannan fim ɗin shine na farko da ya fito a cikin jerin zakunan 'yan asalin ƙasar maimakon waɗanda ake shigo da su akai-akai. Rodney Fuhr da matarsa, Ilana, sun ba da kuɗin fim ɗin da kansu kuma sun yi aiki a matsayin manyan furodusoshi. An ɗauki fim ɗin a Kingdom of the White Lion, SA Lion Park, gonar Nash, Glen Afric, da Entabeni Game Reserve . Fim ɗin farko na kamfanin Peru Productions Pty. Ltd. da ke Afirka ta Kudu shine ''[[White Lion (fim)|White Lion]].''<ref name="aboutmvie">{{Cite web |title=About the White Lion Movie |url=http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html |archive-date=27 April 2011 |access-date=26 January 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110427193939/http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html "About the White Lion Movie"]. Archived from [http://www.whitelionthemovie.com/pages/about.html the original] on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lhmpsa1gnbto137lmv8scrgly3y0gxz 0 148820 828332 2026-05-01T10:10:20Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344768158|Emmanuel Amoos]]" 828332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Emmanuel_Amoos_(2023).jpg|thumb]] '''Emmanuel Amoos''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1980) ɗan siyasa ne [[Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland|na Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Switzerland]] kuma memba ne na Majalisar Ƙasa daga Canton of Valais tun daga 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratsmitglied ansehen |url=https://www.parlament.ch/fr/biografie/emmanuel-amoos/4320 |access-date=October 13, 2022 |website=[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Federal Assembly]]}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Emmanuel Amoos a shekarar 1980 a Sierra kuma asalinsa daga Venthône a Valais ne . Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin tattalin arziki a HEC Lausanne . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Faiss |first=Joakim |date=2022-01-20 |title=Emmanuel Amoos: "Le vélo peut contribuer à désengorger les routes" |url=https://bikinvalais.ch/2022/01/ini-velo-amoos/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Bikin' Valais |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == An zaɓe shi kansilan birni na tsohuwar karamar hukumar Venthône na wa'adi uku na majalisa (2009 - 2020). A shekarar 2013, an zaɓe shi Mataimakin daga Gundumar Sierre zuwa Majalisar Babban Valais kuma ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kuɗi na wa'adin majalisa kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=RhoneFm |title=Emmanuel Amoos : une année au Conseil national et une année pour se faire réélire |url=https://www.rhonefm.ch/actualites/emmanuel-amoos-une-annee-au-conseil-national-et-une-annee-pour-se-faire-reelire |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Rhône FM |language=fr-FR}}</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban ƙungiyar Left Alliance a majalisar kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin tattalin arziki da makamashi har zuwa 2019 lokacin da ya tsaya takarar kujera a Majalisar Ƙasa amma ya kasa samun kujerar yayin da ya zo na 2 da ƙuri'u 10,687 a bayan wanda ya yi nasara Mathias Reynard. An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Jiha ta Valais a 2021 kuma an naɗa shi a kwamitin Kimiyya, Ilimi da Al'adu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nationalrat - Reynard-Nachfolge: Walliser Emmanuel Amoos als Nationalrat vereidigt |url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/news-service/inland-schweiz/vereidigung-walliser-emmanuel-amoos-als-nationalrat-vereidigt-ld.2144576 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 3gdwtncjk7buoxwo9xdbjmi5ikj4ply 828333 828332 2026-05-01T10:11:25Z Nnamadee 31123 828333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Emmanuel_Amoos_(2023).jpg|thumb]] '''Emmanuel Amoos''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1980) ɗan siyasa ne [[Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland|na Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Switzerland]] kuma memba ne na Majalisar Ƙasa daga Canton of Valais tun daga 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratsmitglied ansehen |url=https://www.parlament.ch/fr/biografie/emmanuel-amoos/4320 |access-date=October 13, 2022 |website=[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Federal Assembly]]}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Emmanuel Amoos a shekarar 1980 a Sierra kuma asalinsa daga Venthône a Valais ne. Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin tattalin arziki a HEC Lausanne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faiss |first=Joakim |date=2022-01-20 |title=Emmanuel Amoos: "Le vélo peut contribuer à désengorger les routes" |url=https://bikinvalais.ch/2022/01/ini-velo-amoos/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Bikin' Valais |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == An zaɓe shi kansilan birni na tsohuwar karamar hukumar Venthône na wa'adi uku na majalisa (2009 - 2020). A shekarar 2013, an zaɓe shi Mataimakin daga Gundumar Sierre zuwa Majalisar Babban Valais kuma ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kuɗi na wa'adin majalisa kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RhoneFm |title=Emmanuel Amoos : une année au Conseil national et une année pour se faire réélire |url=https://www.rhonefm.ch/actualites/emmanuel-amoos-une-annee-au-conseil-national-et-une-annee-pour-se-faire-reelire |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Rhône FM |language=fr-FR}}</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban ƙungiyar Left Alliance a majalisar kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin tattalin arziki da makamashi har zuwa 2019 lokacin da ya tsaya takarar kujera a Majalisar Ƙasa amma ya kasa samun kujerar yayin da ya zo na 2 da ƙuri'u 10,687 a bayan wanda ya yi nasara Mathias Reynard. An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Jiha ta Valais a 2021 kuma an naɗa shi a kwamitin Kimiyya, Ilimi da Al'adu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nationalrat - Reynard-Nachfolge: Walliser Emmanuel Amoos als Nationalrat vereidigt |url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/news-service/inland-schweiz/vereidigung-walliser-emmanuel-amoos-als-nationalrat-vereidigt-ld.2144576 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] dn3bmmcs1rmppb684dqugra9l0f35uu 828334 828333 2026-05-01T10:11:47Z Nnamadee 31123 828334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Emmanuel_Amoos_(2023).jpg|thumb]] '''Emmanuel Amoos''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1980) ɗan siyasa ne [[Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party ta Switzerland|na Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Switzerland]] kuma memba ne na Majalisar Ƙasa daga Canton of Valais tun daga 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratsmitglied ansehen |url=https://www.parlament.ch/fr/biografie/emmanuel-amoos/4320 |access-date=October 13, 2022 |website=[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Federal Assembly]]}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Emmanuel Amoos a shekarar 1980 a Sierra kuma asalinsa daga Venthône a Valais ne. Ya yi karatun digiri a fannin tattalin arziki a HEC Lausanne.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Faiss |first=Joakim |date=2022-01-20 |title=Emmanuel Amoos: "Le vélo peut contribuer à désengorger les routes" |url=https://bikinvalais.ch/2022/01/ini-velo-amoos/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Bikin' Valais |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == An zaɓe shi kansilan birni na tsohuwar karamar hukumar Venthône na wa'adi uku na majalisa (2009 - 2020). A shekarar 2013, an zaɓe shi Mataimakin daga Gundumar Sierre zuwa Majalisar Babban Valais kuma ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Kuɗi na wa'adin majalisa kuma aka sake zaɓe shi a shekarar 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |last=RhoneFm |title=Emmanuel Amoos : une année au Conseil national et une année pour se faire réélire |url=https://www.rhonefm.ch/actualites/emmanuel-amoos-une-annee-au-conseil-national-et-une-annee-pour-se-faire-reelire |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Rhône FM |language=fr-FR}}</ref> An naɗa shi shugaban ƙungiyar Left Alliance a majalisar kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin tattalin arziki da makamashi har zuwa 2019 lokacin da ya tsaya takarar kujera a Majalisar Ƙasa amma ya kasa samun kujerar yayin da ya zo na 2 da ƙuri'u 10,687 a bayan wanda ya yi nasara Mathias Reynard. An zaɓe shi a Majalisar Jiha ta Valais a 2021 kuma an naɗa shi a kwamitin Kimiyya, Ilimi da Al'adu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nationalrat - Reynard-Nachfolge: Walliser Emmanuel Amoos als Nationalrat vereidigt |url=https://www.aargauerzeitung.ch/news-service/inland-schweiz/vereidigung-walliser-emmanuel-amoos-als-nationalrat-vereidigt-ld.2144576 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[Aargauer Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] eh63odo2c007887fxws9k4n8vj3l76f 0 148821 828336 2026-05-01T10:14:29Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332485693|Joan McIntyre (activist)]]" 828336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joan McIntyre''' (Disamba 19, 1931 - Yuni 22, 2016), <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Inscription For A Gravestone |url=http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Joana's Lanai}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da '''Joana McIntyre Varawa''', marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da kifin kifi. Ta kasance babbar memba a cikin [[Abokan Duniya]] a farkon shekarun 1970, ta kafa Project Jonah a 1974 don mayar da hankali kan takamaiman manufar hana kifin kifi . Bayan kamfen da yawa masu nasara da rashin nasara, ta bar ƙungiyar a 1983 saboda rikice-rikice da siyasa mai yawa sannan daga baya ta ƙaura zuwa [[Fiji|Fiji.]] == Yaro da ilimi == McIntyre ta bayyana cewa koyaushe tana sha'awar al'amuran zamantakewa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, tana shiga ƙungiyoyin makarantun siyasa don nuna rashin amincewa da batutuwa kamar amfani da [[Makaman nukiliya|bam ɗin A.]] Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley da digiri a fannin ilimin ɗan adam. == Sana'a == Bayan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana kammala karatunta a matsayin furodusa kuma mai sharhi a wasu lokutan a tashoshin rediyo na Pacifica Foundation, McIntyre ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar [[Abokan Duniya]] kuma ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗinsu sosai. Wannan ya haɗa da taimakawa wajen jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa a Amurka don nuna rashin amincewa da amfani da kayan kwalliya na gaske. A wannan lokacin, an naɗa ta mai gudanar da ayyuka na musamman ga ƙungiyar, amma a shekarar 1972 ta ji cewa adadin ayyukan da manyan batutuwa, kamar Tsarin Bututun Trans-Alaska da [[Jirgin Concorde|SST Concorde]], sun yi yawa da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba. Daga baya an zaburar da ita ga wani abu daban ta hanyar littafin John C. Lilly mai suna ''The Mind of the Dolphin'' da kuma labaran da ta samu yayin da take watsa shirye-shiryen [[Ecology|ilimin halittu]] kan ayyukan farautar kifaye da ke faruwa. <ref name="Bob" /> Tana son bayyana ra'ayoyinta kan yadda za a ceci kifayen, ta gabatar da su a Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na Bil Adama kuma ta sami damar sa shugaban ya canza alamar taron zuwa kifi. Takardun neman izinin da ta shigar wa Amurka sun kuma haifar da dakatar da duk wani nau'in kifin kifi na kasuwanci a ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 10. <ref name="Franklin" /> Bayan halartar taron shekara-shekara na Hukumar Kifin Kifi ta Duniya a shekarar 1971, kuma ta kasa shawo kansu su ci gaba da irin wannan dakatarwa a kuri'un ƙasashe shida zuwa biyar, ta yanke shawarar kafa ƙungiyar Project Jonah ba da daɗewa ba, ta bar Abokan Duniya don yin hakan. Sigar farko ta aikin ta kasance mai ba da bayanai, tana ƙoƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin kifin kifi da kisan kifin dolphin da sauran halittun ruwa a manyan fannoni a duniya. Don ƙarfafa wannan wayar da kan jama'a, ta buga littafin ''Mind in the Waters'' a shekarar 1974 wanda ya ƙunshi tarin abubuwa daban-daban, gami da bayanan kimiyya tare da waƙoƙi, tatsuniyoyi, da hotuna waɗanda ke tattauna ƙwarewar tunani da sanin halayyar kifin whales da dolphins. A wannan lokacin, Project Jonah ya riga ya faɗaɗa zuwa ga samun reshen Kanada wanda Farley Mowat ke jagoranta, kuma McIntyre ya yi balaguron talla a can bayan buga littafin don tallata abin da 'yan Kanada za su iya yi don taimakawa, kamar kauracewa tuna tuna ta Amurka. Ta kuma sa ƙungiyar ta kai hari kan ayyukan Japan da Rasha, waɗanda ke da alhakin kusan kashi 85% na duk kisan kifin whale na shekara-shekara a duk duniya. A shekarar 1983, ta sauka daga mukamin shugaban Project Jonah, bayan ta "gaji" da siyasar da ke tattare da ita da kuma yadda yawancin "kyawawan manufofin mutane" galibi ke komawa ga wauta ko adalci. A wannan shekarar, ta buga littafin ''The Delicate Art of Whale Watching'', wanda ya ƙunshi tunaninta da abubuwan da ta lura a tsawon rayuwarta game da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jiragen ruwa da ta shiga. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == A farkon aikinta, McIntyre tana zaune a Bolinas, California, kuma ta haifi ɗa daga aurenta na farko. Lokacin da take cikin shekarunta na 50, ta auri Male Varawa, wani mai kamun kifi ɗan ƙasar Fiji a shekarunsa na 20 wanda ta haɗu da shi bayan ta ƙaura zuwa Fiji. Ta ba da labarin ƙaura da aurenta a cikin littafinta na 1989 ''Canje-canje a Latitude: An Uncommon Anthropology'' . Ta mutu a watan Yunin 2016. <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Inscription For A Gravestone |url=http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Joana's Lanai}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ "Inscription For A Gravestone"]. ''Joana's Lanai''. June 26, 2016. Archived from [http://joanaslanai.com/ the original] on October 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Littattafai == == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] lgcqa3kjdp5nsab9luwd0gd67erw8m2 828337 828336 2026-05-01T10:14:47Z Nnamadee 31123 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1332485693|Joan McIntyre (activist)]]" 828337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joan McIntyre''' (Disamba 19, 1931 - Yuni 22, 2016), <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Inscription For A Gravestone |url=http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Joana's Lanai}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da '''Joana McIntyre Varawa''', marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da kifin kifi. Ta kasance babbar memba a cikin [[Abokan Duniya]] a farkon shekarun 1970, ta kafa Project Jonah a 1974 don mayar da hankali kan takamaiman manufar hana kifin kifi . Bayan kamfen da yawa masu nasara da rashin nasara, ta bar ƙungiyar a 1983 saboda rikice-rikice da siyasa mai yawa sannan daga baya ta ƙaura zuwa [[Fiji|Fiji.]] == Yaro da ilimi == McIntyre ta bayyana cewa koyaushe tana sha'awar al'amuran zamantakewa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, tana shiga ƙungiyoyin makarantun siyasa don nuna rashin amincewa da batutuwa kamar amfani da [[Makaman nukiliya|bam ɗin A.]] Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley da digiri a fannin ilimin ɗan adam. == Sana'a == Bayan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana kammala karatunta a matsayin furodusa kuma mai sharhi a wasu lokutan a tashoshin rediyo na Pacifica Foundation, McIntyre ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar [[Abokan Duniya]] kuma ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗinsu sosai. Wannan ya haɗa da taimakawa wajen jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa a Amurka don nuna rashin amincewa da amfani da kayan kwalliya na gaske. A wannan lokacin, an naɗa ta mai gudanar da ayyuka na musamman ga ƙungiyar, amma a shekarar 1972 ta ji cewa adadin ayyukan da manyan batutuwa, kamar Tsarin Bututun Trans-Alaska da [[Jirgin Concorde|SST Concorde]], sun yi yawa da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba. Daga baya an zaburar da ita ga wani abu daban ta hanyar littafin John C. Lilly mai suna ''The Mind of the Dolphin'' da kuma labaran da ta samu yayin da take watsa shirye-shiryen [[Ecology|ilimin halittu]] kan ayyukan farautar kifaye da ke faruwa. <ref name="Bob" /> Tana son bayyana ra'ayoyinta kan yadda za a ceci kifayen, ta gabatar da su a Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na Bil Adama kuma ta sami damar sa shugaban ya canza alamar taron zuwa kifi. Takardun neman izinin da ta shigar wa Amurka sun kuma haifar da dakatar da duk wani nau'in kifin kifi na kasuwanci a ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 10. <ref name="Franklin" /> Bayan halartar taron shekara-shekara na Hukumar Kifin Kifi ta Duniya a shekarar 1971, kuma ta kasa shawo kansu su ci gaba da irin wannan dakatarwa a kuri'un ƙasashe shida zuwa biyar, ta yanke shawarar kafa ƙungiyar Project Jonah ba da daɗewa ba, ta bar Abokan Duniya don yin hakan. Sigar farko ta aikin ta kasance mai ba da bayanai, tana ƙoƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin kifin kifi da kisan kifin dolphin da sauran halittun ruwa a manyan fannoni a duniya. Don ƙarfafa wannan wayar da kan jama'a, ta buga littafin ''Mind in the Waters'' a shekarar 1974 wanda ya ƙunshi tarin abubuwa daban-daban, gami da bayanan kimiyya tare da waƙoƙi, tatsuniyoyi, da hotuna waɗanda ke tattauna ƙwarewar tunani da sanin halayyar kifin whales da dolphins. A wannan lokacin, Project Jonah ya riga ya faɗaɗa zuwa ga samun reshen Kanada wanda Farley Mowat ke jagoranta, kuma McIntyre ya yi balaguron talla a can bayan buga littafin don tallata abin da 'yan Kanada za su iya yi don taimakawa, kamar kauracewa tuna tuna ta Amurka. Ta kuma sa ƙungiyar ta kai hari kan ayyukan Japan da Rasha, waɗanda ke da alhakin kusan kashi 85% na duk kisan kifin whale na shekara-shekara a duk duniya. A shekarar 1983, ta sauka daga mukamin shugaban Project Jonah, bayan ta "gaji" da siyasar da ke tattare da ita da kuma yadda yawancin "kyawawan manufofin mutane" galibi ke komawa ga wauta ko adalci. A wannan shekarar, ta buga littafin ''The Delicate Art of Whale Watching'', wanda ya ƙunshi tunaninta da abubuwan da ta lura a tsawon rayuwarta game da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jiragen ruwa da ta shiga. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == A farkon aikinta, McIntyre tana zaune a Bolinas, California, kuma ta haifi ɗa daga aurenta na farko. Lokacin da take cikin shekarunta na 50, ta auri Male Varawa, wani mai kamun kifi ɗan ƙasar Fiji a shekarunsa na 20 wanda ta haɗu da shi bayan ta ƙaura zuwa Fiji. Ta ba da labarin ƙaura da aurenta a cikin littafinta na 1989 ''Canje-canje a Latitude: An Uncommon Anthropology'' . Ta mutu a watan Yunin 2016. <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Inscription For A Gravestone |url=http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Joana's Lanai}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ "Inscription For A Gravestone"]. ''Joana's Lanai''. June 26, 2016. Archived from [http://joanaslanai.com/ the original] on October 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] rw77c7n87ze5m93vf4rqdlthbxao60t 828338 828337 2026-05-01T10:15:41Z Nnamadee 31123 828338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Joan McIntyre''' (Disamba 19, 1931 - Yuni 22, 2016), <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Inscription For A Gravestone |url=http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Joana's Lanai}}</ref> wanda aka fi sani da '''Joana McIntyre Varawa''', marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka kuma mai fafutukar yaƙi da kifin kifi. Ta kasance babbar memba a cikin [[Abokan Duniya]] a farkon shekarun 1970, ta kafa Project Jonah a 1974 don mayar da hankali kan takamaiman manufar hana kifin kifi . Bayan kamfen da yawa masu nasara da rashin nasara, ta bar ƙungiyar a 1983 saboda rikice-rikice da siyasa mai yawa sannan daga baya ta ƙaura zuwa [[Fiji|Fiji.]] == Yaro da ilimi == McIntyre ta bayyana cewa koyaushe tana sha'awar al'amuran zamantakewa a lokacin ƙuruciyarta, tana shiga ƙungiyoyin makarantun siyasa don nuna rashin amincewa da batutuwa kamar amfani da [[Makaman nukiliya|bam ɗin A.]] Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar California, Berkeley da digiri a fannin ilimin ɗan adam. == Sana'a == Bayan ta shafe shekaru da dama tana kammala karatunta a matsayin furodusa kuma mai sharhi a wasu lokutan a tashoshin rediyo na Pacifica Foundation, McIntyre ta kuma shiga ƙungiyar [[Abokan Duniya]] kuma ta shiga cikin kamfen ɗinsu sosai. Wannan ya haɗa da taimakawa wajen jagorantar ƙungiyar ƙasa a Amurka don nuna rashin amincewa da amfani da kayan kwalliya na gaske. A wannan lokacin, an naɗa ta mai gudanar da ayyuka na musamman ga ƙungiyar, amma a shekarar 1972 ta ji cewa adadin ayyukan da manyan batutuwa, kamar Tsarin Bututun Trans-Alaska da [[Jirgin Concorde|SST Concorde]], sun yi yawa da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba. Daga baya an zaburar da ita ga wani abu daban ta hanyar littafin John C. Lilly mai suna ''The Mind of the Dolphin'' da kuma labaran da ta samu yayin da take watsa shirye-shiryen [[Ecology|ilimin halittu]] kan ayyukan farautar kifaye da ke faruwa. <ref name="Bob" /> Tana son bayyana ra'ayoyinta kan yadda za a ceci kifayen, ta gabatar da su a Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Muhalli na Bil Adama kuma ta sami damar sa shugaban ya canza alamar taron zuwa kifi. Takardun neman izinin da ta shigar wa Amurka sun kuma haifar da dakatar da duk wani nau'in kifin kifi na kasuwanci a ƙasar na tsawon shekaru 10. <ref name="Franklin" /> Bayan halartar taron shekara-shekara na Hukumar Kifin Kifi ta Duniya a shekarar 1971, kuma ta kasa shawo kansu su ci gaba da irin wannan dakatarwa a kuri'un ƙasashe shida zuwa biyar, ta yanke shawarar kafa ƙungiyar Project Jonah ba da daɗewa ba, ta bar Abokan Duniya don yin hakan. Sigar farko ta aikin ta kasance mai ba da bayanai, tana ƙoƙarin wayar da kan jama'a game da tasirin kifin kifi da kisan kifin dolphin da sauran halittun ruwa a manyan fannoni a duniya. Don ƙarfafa wannan wayar da kan jama'a, ta buga littafin ''Mind in the Waters'' a shekarar 1974 wanda ya ƙunshi tarin abubuwa daban-daban, gami da bayanan kimiyya tare da waƙoƙi, tatsuniyoyi, da hotuna waɗanda ke tattauna ƙwarewar tunani da sanin halayyar kifin whales da dolphins. A wannan lokacin, Project Jonah ya riga ya faɗaɗa zuwa ga samun reshen Kanada wanda Farley Mowat ke jagoranta, kuma McIntyre ya yi balaguron talla a can bayan buga littafin don tallata abin da 'yan Kanada za su iya yi don taimakawa, kamar kauracewa tuna tuna ta Amurka. Ta kuma sa ƙungiyar ta kai hari kan ayyukan Japan da Rasha, waɗanda ke da alhakin kusan kashi 85% na duk kisan kifin whale na shekara-shekara a duk duniya. A shekarar 1983, ta sauka daga mukamin shugaban Project Jonah, bayan ta "gaji" da siyasar da ke tattare da ita da kuma yadda yawancin "kyawawan manufofin mutane" galibi ke komawa ga wauta ko adalci. A wannan shekarar, ta buga littafin ''The Delicate Art of Whale Watching'', wanda ya ƙunshi tunaninta da abubuwan da ta lura a tsawon rayuwarta game da abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jiragen ruwa da ta shiga. == Rayuwar mutum da mutuwa == A farkon aikinta, McIntyre tana zaune a Bolinas, California, kuma ta haifi ɗa daga aurenta na farko. Lokacin da take cikin shekarunta na 50, ta auri Male Varawa, wani mai kamun kifi ɗan ƙasar Fiji a shekarunsa na 20 wanda ta haɗu da shi bayan ta ƙaura zuwa Fiji. Ta ba da labarin ƙaura da aurenta a cikin littafinta na 1989 ''Canje-canje a Latitude: An Uncommon Anthropology'' . Ta mutu a watan Yunin 2016. <ref name="Death">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=June 26, 2016 |title=Inscription For A Gravestone |url=http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ |archive-date=October 5, 2016 |access-date=September 1, 2024 |website=Joana's Lanai}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20161005210226/http://joanaslanai.com/ "Inscription For A Gravestone"]. ''Joana's Lanai''. June 26, 2016. Archived from [http://joanaslanai.com/ the original] on October 5, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2016]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1931]] by0trczs3z8o2xcxbr95c2ks0a43yey