Babban shafi

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center; color: black; font-size:40&quot;&gt;Domin ƙirƙirar sabuwar muƙala ku rubuta sunan muƙalar a akwatin da ke ƙasa sai ku danna ''Ƙirƙiri sabuwar muƙala'': Zuwa yau, muna da Muƙaloli '''[[Special:Statistics|'''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]]'''&lt;/p&gt;
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      <text bytes="40594" sha1="e26x31qb1jso6h0j18d3d4bwgytfncj" xml:space="preserve">== Barka da zuwa ==

Hi,

Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia.

Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived.

Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!),

--[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC)
:Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]].
:Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC)
::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Help ==

I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)

==Translation of three sentences==

Dear Ammarpad,

I hope this finds you well.

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)

We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
*@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Facebook page ==

Dear Ammar,

Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia]

Thanks a lot,
Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Neman Admin ==

Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]]
:[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]].
:::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== [[AuwalAzare]] ==

This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Auwal Azare ==

Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== help ==

Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles.
It's hard to me. 
[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; .......&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (&lt;ref&gt;misali&lt;/ref&gt;). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Databox ==

Hi Ammar,

Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this!

By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles).

I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the &quot;labels&quot; system.

Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and  do the appropriate thing. By the way, I  am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki  ==

I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of &quot;Abubakar A Gwanki&quot;  why is being deleted?  Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Translation request ==
Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
:Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)

== Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif ==

Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. 
:Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

== Godiya  ==

Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode
:{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune

Lamba: 08160956607
Gari: kano Nigeria

== [[Kira]] ==

Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)
:Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)

== David oyedepo ==

Wanene crista

== WAM 2018 ==

Salam Ammarpad,  Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode.  [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikimedians User Group ==

Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)

Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks
[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)
::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)

== Moustapha ==

Hakananna sai nayi nazari

== I-mel  ==

Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. 
Na gode.  [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)

narda

== Gyara ==

Barka da rana!
Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa &quot;Babban shafi&quot; da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)

== gidanhaki ==

Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki

Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa

Assalam

== Kwankwaso,s wife ==

Kwankwaso,s wife

== Various requests ==
Hello, Could you please:
*Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes.
*Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]].
*Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): 
**[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]].

Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC)

== Alijos A Shehu ==

Sunan DUNiYA

== Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa ==

Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia
:{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina &lt;code&gt;ammar@wikimedia.org.ng&lt;/code&gt;. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC)

== Muhamadu ==

Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL

== yusuf ==

Ibrahim

== sa idu musa ==

riji yan gwamgwam jido  dawakin  kudu  kano

== sa idu  musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu  IP ==

Yayi daidai kobaiyiba  awayar mindakai

== 88465702 ==

Kaka ari

== layisantara ==

lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura  sunwajan gari shadam bu

== Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai  ==

Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna

== babani ==

112202

== Translation ==

I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks.

== ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state ==

barkanku DA 
fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization

 wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire

== Neman taimako ==

Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode.

Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)

Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC)

== Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi  ==

Facebook 
Wkslm lafiya kalau

== 0852 ==

Aa

== Aliyu iliyasu dangada ==

Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi 
misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin 
muna jinjina maka matuka very good,
[[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)

== ismail ==

Labaran duniya

== Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun ==

Barkan muda warhaka!
:Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC)

== na kirkira mukala ==

Ya zan sanya reference
::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC)

== From ==

Ghy

== J k musa yaro ==

Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira

Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka

Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa

== mansir isah ==

unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state

Crawle

== aminuidris0808811 ==

aminuiris

== Auwal dalladi kargi ==

An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000

== Databox ==

Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta &lt;nowiki&gt;{{databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

==Neman shawara==
Masha Allah

Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad.

Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka.

A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame.
Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka.
:Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia.
:Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

&lt;u&gt;ja layi&lt;/u&gt; COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC)

== Jami u lawal ==

Allah yajikan zulaihatu

== Databox ==

Barka da safe, Ammar,

Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add &quot;databox&quot; to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)
:Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&amp;modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf ==

Kaura ne katsina

SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG  RUGGAR MONDE AR

== Abia ==

Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune

== ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA ==

ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA

== FUNAKAA ==

FUNAKAA

agaskiya inada tambaya

to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki

== Gaisuwa ==

Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC)

:Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Usman abubakar  ==

Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita

== ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar ==

Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== maganin daji ==

maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Ali musa  ==

An haife shi

Chida ga watan Oktoba

1986 cikin@

gari gidan kube @

dake jahar maradi 

[[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Rigar kusa ==

&quot;Rigar kusa&quot; kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state.
Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne.
Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu.
Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury.

== Ghana Boy 055 ==


Chapiou


@ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC)

== ALIYO ==

BORNO

== Namespaces ==

Hi!

You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;diff=213527&amp;oldid=181184 emptied] the page &quot;Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma&quot; some time ago.

There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;oldid=181178#Namespaces

You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good?

Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

:I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

== Shehu gibirima  ==

Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC)

== Salisu garba ==

Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot

== Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru ==

Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)

== ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA ==

KADUNA

== Bbca ==

A

== HAUSA RIGAR SILKE ==

DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)

== shaaibu ==

JIGAWA

== SHEHU USMANU ==

GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA

== AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia ==

Hello brother,

I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country.

I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. 
:I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email.  [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== 7 ==

uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|&amp;#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

Taba nono na mace

== Lawan abdulhamid ==

Lawan abdulhamid kano

MIYzansa

== Nakasa yin rijista  ==

Nakasa yin rajista miyasane

== SLM ==

SLM

== Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa ==

 08142754552

Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA  taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|&amp;#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji ==


suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|&amp;#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Dodik ==

imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|&amp;#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fulani daneji ==

danejawa

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Tarihin fulani daneji ==

danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== NURA FADA MUHAMMED ==

assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku

== inason zuwa gambiya  ==

neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|&amp;#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Nazifi ==

yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|&amp;#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Usmanisah01234@gmail.com  ==

Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|&amp;#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== AISHA ABDULLAHI ==

assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa

== Abdul Aziz  ==

Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|&amp;#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== YAHAYA MUSA  ==

6/3/2026

Ni atemakeni bandasanaa

== Isah Abubakar ==

￼kaduna steste nigeria

￼inaneman temaku kudi 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|&amp;#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah ==

Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|&amp;#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== INASONASHIGA ==

WALLAHI

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|&amp;#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Auwalu mansur gaya  ==

A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata

== Block review ==

Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block.

The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block.
:I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Jimi boi gk ==

Washer boi

== (Ibrahim bako) ==

Bissimillahi rahamani rahim

== Zanshuga ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|&amp;#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|&amp;#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== I need to edit  ==

yusuf bin shaik  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|&amp;#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Dari daya ==

Litafi dari daya

== Gali ==

Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu

== ALI ISA JC NAWA ==

CHAM

== Sai anjima ==


sai anjima 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|&amp;#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== xxwxx ==

pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|&amp;#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Masaudu  ==

Ina son koyon NAHAWU 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|&amp;#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ina bukatar taimakonku ==

Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|&amp;#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Menene amfanin na'a na'a. ==

Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|&amp;#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Learning physics topics  ==

Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|&amp;#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== ١٢٣٤٥ ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|&amp;#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Chrome ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|&amp;#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Inason shiga kasara ==

yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|&amp;#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fty ==

Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|&amp;#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Jibril auwal hamza ==

Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan

== Usseni.  Ibbirashim ==

08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|&amp;#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Correction  ==

The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. 


Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area.


Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you.  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|&amp;#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ahmad Rufai  ==

Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|&amp;#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sutura ==

Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Misali kasa ko bishyu haka ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alhamdu lillah  ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|&amp;#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Itaciyyar zamani  ==

shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|&amp;#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30471754 --&gt;

== Inaso temako ==

Please please please temako [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26771-95|&amp;#126;2026-26771-95]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26771-95|talk]]) 09:09, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>e26x31qb1jso6h0j18d3d4bwgytfncj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828666</id>
      <parentid>828663</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T09:53:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-26723-12</username>
        <id>44480</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Abdullahi rabiu */ sabon sashe</comment>
      <origin>828666</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40842" sha1="8sghp481yz6vx664mxz2w4hbssf13n3" xml:space="preserve">== Barka da zuwa ==

Hi,

Welcome on the Hausa Wikipedia.

Sorry that this message is in English - we are very few editors here and most of us speak only basic/survival Hausa... so I'm very glad to see that someone who speaks fluently has just arrived.

Wishing you a good time contributing to this project (please spread the news around you, since it needs more Hausa speakers!),

--[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:30, 12 Agusta 2017 (UTC)
:Nagode [[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], Zanyi kokari in jawo mutane don mu inganta [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]].
:Thank you [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]], I will try to draw more people to help develop this [[w:ha:|Hausa Wikipedia]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:47, 10 Satumba 2017 (UTC)
::Congratulations on your recent edits! I just wanted to ask if you had received my email from last week (there is a project in order to promote Wikipedia among Hausa speakers that I would like to talk you about), and if not, at which email address I could reach out to you. Thanks a lot, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 14:03, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:::Thanks Don. I have received it, and I will reply you there –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:23, 3 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
::::I replied. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:48, 6 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)
:Hello, iam jalamcy2023 by name iam also a participant of Wikipedia, I used to edits in wikis, so iam try to filled the data support form but it refuse to open for me I don't no what's wrong, and I need the data because I don't have money to buy, please I need your help, so that I should continue my work in Wikipedia, I really enjoyed working with you. Thanks [[User:Jalamcy2023|Jalamcy2023]] ([[User talk:Jalamcy2023|talk]]) 14:28, 12 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Help ==

I am Hausa by tribe,and I am interested to start editing and creating some page need ur help don Camilo and ammar,sorry nt gud in speaking English. [[User:Slmdbr|Slmdbr]] ([[User talk:Slmdbr|talk]]) 15:20, 21 Oktoba 2017 (UTC)

==Translation of three sentences==

Dear Ammarpad,

I hope this finds you well.

[[User:Doc James|Doc James]] posted this request on my talk page, but sadly my Hausa is too weak to translate it correctly. Maybe you will be able to help him? Thanks a lot, kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 12:29, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)

We are working on an offline distribution system for Wikipedia in Nigeria. Am needing help with the translation of the three sentences '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Internet-in-a-Box/Nigeria#Hausa here]'''. Wondering if you can help. Thanks [[User:Doc James|Doc James]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]]) 11:48, 8 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
*@Doc James and DonCamillo. I have translated it. I will also send someone to translate the Igbo, if no one did. Thank you all. [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 00:01, 15 Faburairu 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot! :) --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Facebook page ==

Dear Ammar,

Just to mention that I have just created a Facebook page regarding the Hausa Wikipedia, in order to get more interest from Hausa-speaking people: you're welcome if you want to like it or share it with your friends: [https://www.facebook.com/HausaWikipedia/ Hausa Wikipedia]

Thanks a lot,
Kind regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 11:10, 5 Maris 2018 (UTC)
:Thanks a lot. I have seen it, will share too. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:48, 8 Maris 2018 (UTC)

== Neman Admin ==

Barka dai Mr.Ammarpad, Ina da matukar sha'awa sosai na taimaka a wannan shafin na hausa Wikipedia. Ni Bahaushe ne kuma ina gane Turanci, na fassara makaloli da dama daga Turanci Zuwa Hausa sabo da haka ne nake nema wannan shafin ya bani Admin domin karin tallafawa sosai. Nagode [[Abubakar A Gwanki]]
:[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]] Naji dadin kasancewar ka bahaushe anan. Kasan babu Hausawa da yawa da zamu gina shi. Amma akwai shirye-shiryen da akeyi na farfado da it's. A wane gari kake zaune? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:27, 11 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
::Mr.Ammarpad ina zaune ne a kauyen [[Gwanki]] na karamar hukumar [[Bagwai]] a jihar [[Kano]] Najeriya. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]].
:::OK, da kwai shirin taro na musamman da ake fatan yi a Kano domin fadada wannan Wikipedia da kuma sawa dalibai suyi rubuta a nan, zan nemeka in sha Allah. Kuma idan ka gama rubuta bayani a shafin tattaunawa (kamar nan da muke magana) kawai ka rubuta (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;) guda hudu, banda bracket din, to zaka ga sunan ka, da kwanan wata, ya fito da kanshi. Kamar yadda zaka ga nawa a kasa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:05, 12 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== [[AuwalAzare]] ==

This page can be deleted (again), apparently. [[User:PlyrStar93|PlyrStar93]] ([[User talk:PlyrStar93|talk]]) 04:16, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:[[User:PlyrStar93|PlyStar93]]. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 04:47, 16 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Auwal Azare ==

Barla dai malam Ammarpad, Wanda ya kirkiri wannan makalar ta '''Auwal Azare''' ya tubtubeni game da yadda za'ayi unblocking nashi. Idan da yadda za'ayi to a taimaka. Nagode AAgwanki 16:16, 19 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Gwanki]] Bani na yi blocking din shi ba. Daga can babban shafin [[Special:CentralAuth/Auwall|Meta da Wikifidiya ta Truranci]] akayi blocking din shi. Sannn '''ka daina kirkirar article akan shi''', ci gaba da yin hakan za iya ja yayi blocking dinka. Wikipedia ba wurin talla bane, kuma ba kowa ake rubuta ma tarihi ba sai sannanun mutane na hakika irin yan siyasa da makamantansu. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:30, 21 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== help ==

Please how to add reference and make template on Hausa articles.
It's hard to me. 
[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 07:39, 22 Mayu 2018 (UTC)
:@[[User:Abubakar A Gwanki]]: Yanzu babu template din anan sai an dauko su daga Wikipedia ta turanci. Amma idan kana son ka fiddo reference kawai kasa '''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt; .......&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;/nowiki&gt;''' a karshen bayanin zaka ga reference din ya fito a kasa kamar haka (&lt;ref&gt;misali&lt;/ref&gt;). Inda ka ga nasa dash (....) sai ka sa link din bayanin wato kamar BBC Hausa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 13:54, 25 Mayu 2018 (UTC)

== Databox ==

Hi Ammar,

Well done on the translation of technical messages, I had started this a long time ago but you are way better than me at this!

By the way, I have started to translate Wikidata properties into Hausa. This can be useful because since recently there is a new tool called Databox: it allows, with very simple code, to have an infobox with a lot of useful information on many articles: I have created [[Napoleon]] to give an example. As you can see all the properties are not translated yet into Hausa. It can enable us to create thousands of stubs here on the Hausa Wikipedia (or just add an infobox to the existing articles).

I have put some on [[User:DonCamillo|my userpage]], you can translate them here if you want, or translate them directly on Wikidata if you are familiar with the &quot;labels&quot; system.

Have a great day! Best regards, --[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 06:11, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:You're welcome {{@|DonCamillo}}, I will look into them and  do the appropriate thing. By the way, I  am working on new, more intuitive [[Wikipedia:Sabon babban shafi|main page here]], you can have a look and tweak as deem fit. You'll find some templates like [[Template:Articles needed|this]] and [[Template:Invite|this]] are transcluded, so they can be edited independent of main page. Thanks. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 19:12, 9 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Reason for deletion of the article Abubakar A Gwanki  ==

I have created many articles here in Hausa language Wikipedia, I didn't see anyone deleted but only one article of &quot;Abubakar A Gwanki&quot;  why is being deleted?  Nasan Dai dukkan makalolin da na kirkira shima kamar sauran ne amma kuma sai shi kadai ne naga ka goge shi. __ [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|AAGWANKI]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 17:14, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} Ina so in tabbatar ma abun da kake yi a Hausa Wikipedia kana kokari, kuma ina fatan ka ida fahimtar ta baki daya. Na dauki number wayarka zan neme ka mu tattauna abubuwa da dama. Amma ka daina kirkirar mukala akanka ko wani abokinka. Mukalar insakulofidiya ana rubuta ta ne kawai akan mutane fitatattu na gaskiya. Shiya sa kaga aka goge [[:en:Abubakar A Gwanki|abunda ka rubuta a Wikipedia ta turanci]]. Na gode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:38, 11 Yuni 2018 (UTC)

== Translation request ==
Hello! May I ask you for a translation of the phrase '''Automatic refresh''' into {{#language:ha}}? Thanks [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 18:23, 20 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
:Will do that on translatewiki –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:05, 26 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)
::It is not a MediaWiki message; just my own request. [[User:-XQV-|-XQV-]] ([[User talk:-XQV-|talk]]) 19:43, 27 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC)

== Neman taimako Daga Abdulmalik mansur sharif ==

Assalamu alaikum Ammarpad, Sunana abdulmalik mansur sharif a garin kano nake ni dalibi ne maison bincike, karance-karance da kuma rubutu musamman sanin tarihi dan Allah inaso a bani dama kuma asakani a hanya nayi wasu rubutun ta yadda zan anfanar da al'ummar hausawa, nadanyi wani Karin bayani akan tarihi Michael Jackson zaku iya dubawa Ku gani Dan Allah. Ina data zaku taimakeni. 
:Sannu da zuwa {{@|Ameer Maleek}} na duba gyaran da kayi kuma nayi farin ciki. A halin yanzu da kwai hausawa yan kadan a shafin, ina fatan zaka ci gaba da ziyartar shi lokaci lokaci. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:56, 7 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

== Godiya  ==

Na gode in Allah ya yarda zanci gaba da bada gudun mowa Dari bisa dari kuma Dan idan kuna da wata kungiya inaso nazama member saboda na kara kwarewa Na kuma samu Karin ilimi da kuma hanyar da zan inganta rubuce rubuce Na. Na gode
:{{@|Ameer Maleek}} OK, ka ban numbarka ta waya, zan neme ka. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 13 ga Yuli, 2018 (UTC)

aslm wai wannan malamin yana ina azaune

Lamba: 08160956607
Gari: kano Nigeria

== [[Kira]] ==

Hi Ammarpad, sorry for writing in English. An IP has blanked the page above, do you think it was correct? If it was we can delete it. Regards [[User:DARIO SEVERI|DARIO SEVERI]] ([[User talk:DARIO SEVERI|talk]]) 05:58, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)
:Hi {{@|DARIO SEVERI}} I have restored it and will develop it very soon. It is useful stub about [[:en:Blacsmith|Blacksmithing]]. Thank you. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 06:39, 15 ga Augusta, 2018 (UTC)

== David oyedepo ==

Wanene crista

== WAM 2018 ==

Salam Ammarpad,  Bansan ko zaka shiga cikin wannan gasar ba, amma idan kanada sha'awa zaka iya shiga, ka duba Karin bayani anan [[Wikipedia:Watan Yan'Asiya]]. Nagode.  [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 21:24, 8 Nuwamba, 2018 (UTC)

== Hausa Wikimedians User Group ==

Hello! [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] I would like to let you know that I have started our Hausa editors community user group [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] in order to have a connected and collaborative working environment, that would serve as a primary place for co-ordinating of activities that would support us all in our editing and order related endeavors to improve and make quality contents of the Wikimedia projects. [[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 12:39, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Thanks {{@|The Living love}}, I will take a look. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:26, 13 ga Janairu, 2019 (UTC)

Hello {{@|Ammarpad}}, I'm sorry for contacting you here lately but I've sent you a message through WhatsApp earlier. I've spoken with {{@|DonCamillo}} regarding the application for recognition of our UG Hausa Wikimedians as I earlier told you about, and he's given 100% support for it. I hope to hear from you after seeing my messages. Thanks
[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:32, 8 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)
:Hello [[user:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], as I told you, the [[meta:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Wikimedians User Group]] is already on recognition process with the affiliation Committee of the '''WMF''', but the changes you've made just recently has changed everything in the application form we sent, and this has affected the mission which is very crucial. Please let us adhere to the previous name and design of the group. I would also start a discussion on the home page of the project on how we can select boards and audit committee for the group. As founding members I, you and [[user:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]]'s email were all sent to the AffCom committee and I hope they would certainly contact you. If permitted I can undo all the changes or you do it yourself, and if otherwise please let me know. Thanks -[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 02:55, 13 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
::Zanyi reply ta WhatsApp. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 18:35, 14 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:Slm [[user:Ammarpad|Ammar]] na maka magana ta whatsapp da email, dangane da message din da AffCom suka dawo dashi. Yanzu bansan me zaka ce ba.[[User:The Living love|The Living love]] ([[User talk:The Living love|talk]]) 14:28, 7 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)
::Nayi reply. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:49, 8 ga Yuli, 2019 (UTC)

== Moustapha ==

Hakananna sai nayi nazari

== I-mel  ==

Sannu! Na turo maka sakon I-mel. 
Na gode.  [[User:Engr Muhammad Khamis|Engr Muhammad Khamis]] ([[User talk:Engr Muhammad Khamis|talk]]) 09:11, 10 ga Faburairu, 2019 (UTC)

narda

== Gyara ==

Barka da rana!
Ina son Na ankarar da admins wata matsala da na gano ta a wannan shafin. Matsalar kuwa itace mu masu amfani da wayoyi wajen editing wannan shafin baya bude mana a Babban Shafi (desktop version), Idan da mai yiwuwa to a gyara. - [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 11:56, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)
:{{@|Abubakar A Gwanki}} OK, ina ganin wannan haka site din yake ne. Yanzu kaga nima ina kan wayar hannu ne, in kana son komawa desktop version, saidai ka latsa &quot;Babban shafi&quot; da kanka, zaka ga wurin a can kasan kowane shafi. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:08, 4 ga Maris, 2019 (UTC)

== gidanhaki ==

Gidanhaki dai shiya ce mai din bin tarifi ta kafune tun da zuwan shehu uthaman bin fodiyo allah shi yarda dashi izuwa kawo yanzu sai dai karin suna datakeyi a sassa daban daban da fannin muhammad sani gidanhaki

Slm ammarpad dan allah inaso na kirkiri shafuka na hausa

Assalam

== Kwankwaso,s wife ==

Kwankwaso,s wife

== Various requests ==
Hello, Could you please:
*Replace the [[MediaWiki:Common.css|Hausa wiki css]] with the [[:en:MediaWiki:Common.css|english wiki css]]. It fixes, amongst others, the position of the infoboxes.
*Delete these two pages: [[Template:Wikibase]], [[Module:Wikibase]].
*Edit these localization pages (Just modify the values on the right hand side): 
**[[Template:Infobox biography/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/basketball/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/football/localize]].
**[[Template:Infobox biography/sport/tennis/localize]].

Thanks. [[User:Sami At Ferḥat|Sami At Ferḥat]] ([[User talk:Sami At Ferḥat|talk]]) 18:23, 15 Mayu 2019 (UTC)

== Alijos A Shehu ==

Sunan DUNiYA

== Ibrahim kabiru gagarawa ==

Ina Neman yadda zan bude account na Wikipedia
:{{@| 197.210.47.39}} Ka shiga [[Special:CreateAccount]]. Ko kuma ka tura man sunanka da email ta email dina &lt;code&gt;ammar@wikimedia.org.ng&lt;/code&gt;. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:04, 13 ga Yuni, 2019 (UTC)

== Muhamadu ==

Salm YA AKEBUDE EMAIL

== yusuf ==

Ibrahim

== sa idu musa ==

riji yan gwamgwam jido  dawakin  kudu  kano

== sa idu  musa rijiya gwamgwam jido dawakin kudu  IP ==

Yayi daidai kobaiyiba  awayar mindakai

== 88465702 ==

Kaka ari

== layisantara ==

lawal ninazauna awurare dabandaba naungowa natashi dagabayan garin daura  sunwajan gari shadam bu

== Aslm barkan'mu da warhaka ina mana patan alkhairi baki daya yan uwana musilmai  ==

Ina godiya ga allah daya bamu damar yadda damu kasance atare da juna

== babani ==

112202

== Translation ==

I want to know if I can translate a Wikipedia article from 'English Wikipedia' to 'Hausa Wikipedia'. If yes, I want to know more about it. Thanks.

== ibraheem Adamu gumel jigawa state ==

barkanku DA 
fatan kuna lafeeya I want be among members of this organization

 wannni yafara shugaban kasa a nejire

== Neman taimako ==

Barkanku da aiki, ni sunana ABDULMALIK MANSUR ina zaune a garin kano nayi rijista da wannan shafi ne domin nima na bada gudunmowa. Dan Allah ina bukatar shawarwarinku da kuma taimakon ku na gode.

Godiya [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 17:25, 13 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa {{@|Maliky}} Barka da zuwa, kamar dame dame kake bukatar ka sani? –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:31, 16 ga Augusta, 2020 (UTC)

Kamar yadda ake yin table da kuma saka hoto. [[User:Maliky|Maliky]] ([[User talk:Maliky|talk]]) 11:41, 14 Satumba 2020 (UTC)

== Muhammad Huwaidahu sufi  ==

Facebook 
Wkslm lafiya kalau

== 0852 ==

Aa

== Aliyu iliyasu dangada ==

Nima inaso nabada gudummawa sosai Dan kara bunkasa yaren hausa innasamu damar hakan dukda ba sosai nake fashintar turanciba amma ina ganeshi 
misali wasu kalmomi da zamuso agyagygyara kuma muna munna da akasamar da wannan shafin 
muna jinjina maka matuka very good,
[[Special:Contributions/105.112.25.48|105.112.25.48]] 10:00, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)
:Yawwa yayi kyau, kuma muna maraba daku. Zaka iya shiga group dinmu na WhatsApp domin ci gaba da tattaunawa da kuma sanin shirye shiryen mu. Kuma ya kamata ka [[Special:CreateAccount|kirkiri sabon account]] don ka samu username na dindindin. Kana iya sake tambaya na idan kana neman karin bayani. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:09, 7 Oktoba 2020 (UTC)

== ismail ==

Labaran duniya

== Abdullahi dahiru odo ogun ==

Barkan muda warhaka!
:Yawwa. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 11:58, 31 ga Janairu, 2021 (UTC)

== na kirkira mukala ==

Ya zan sanya reference
::Ka duba shafinka na tattaunawa na anyi maka bayanin hakan. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 14:08, 16 ga Faburairu, 2021 (UTC)

== From ==

Ghy

== J k musa yaro ==

Son annabi shine so har abada shine son da mutum zai rika ya amfanar dashi duniya da lahira

Allah kasa mudace allah kasamu cekinyan tatu bayin ka

Asslm dan Allah ina da tambaya idan kana kusa

== mansir isah ==

unguwar.magaji. kakngi.giwa.area.Kaduna.state

Crawle

== aminuidris0808811 ==

aminuiris

== Auwal dalladi kargi ==

An haifi auwal a ranar 01/06/2000

== Databox ==

Asslm. Ammar ya ake sanya databox. Na yi translation na [[Jami'ar Jos]] amman daga baya naga '''Uncle bash''' ya saka databox. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:38, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:@[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Za ka rubuta &lt;nowiki&gt;{{databox}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; ne a farkon article din. Har da brackets (braces) din. Daga nan zaka ga information din ya fito. A wani article din kuma ba zaka gani ba, amma duk daya ne. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 12:04, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]], na saka ma [[Jami'ar Jihar Kaduna]] yayi. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 16:34, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

==Neman shawara==
Masha Allah

Gaskiya naji dadi sosai kasancewar ansamu mai kula da page na Wikipedia da Hausa hakan ba qaramin cigaba ne ba ace Yaren Hausa yasamu irin wannan daukaka ta hanyar Mr.Ammarpad.

Mr. Ammarpad ina jinjina a gareka,Allah yaqara daukaka,yayimaka jagora adukan lamurranka.

A qarshe ina neman shawarar ka akan yadda za,ayi nabudawa garina Salame Wikipedia,Kasancewar Salame tsohon garine mai dinbin tarihi a daular Usmaniyya Wanda shine mahaifar Sheik Abdulqadir bn Mustafa alturud Salame.
Daga Kabiru Aliyu Salame,Gwadabawa local government,Sokoto state,Nigeria. [[User:Kabir salame|Kabir salame]] ([[User talk:Kabir salame|talk]]) 18:54, 11 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

:Barka da zuwa Malam Kabir, muna farin ciki da zuwanka.
:Ka duba tutorial din mu: [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]] akwai bayani sosae akan yadda zaka yi gyara da ƙirƙira sabbin muƙaloli a Wikipedia.
:Akwai kuma bayani na musamman a wannan shafin shima: [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:46, 14 Nuwamba, 2022 (UTC)

&lt;u&gt;ja layi&lt;/u&gt; COMMUNIYT SYSTERM ALL THE USE VALU TRY [[Special:Contributions/197.210.70.246|197.210.70.246]] 23:09, 7 Disamba 2022 (UTC)

== Jami u lawal ==

Allah yajikan zulaihatu

== Databox ==

Barka da safe, Ammar,

Ina fata kana lafiya. Congratulations on the work you are doing to add &quot;databox&quot; to articles where it was missing! I have been doing that manually for a long time but you have very clearly found a faster way to do it. :) Could you tell me which tool you are using? Nagode sosai, –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 07:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)
:Barka da yau {{@|DonCamillo|p=}} and sannu da ƙoƙari. Yes yana da wahala manually and can be quite slow. Ina amfani ne da custom PHP code ta hanyar [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=help&amp;modules=edit module na editing], ba tool bane dake a kan wiki ba. Nagode. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 21:00, 22 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Saifillahi Abdullahi mlf ==

Kaura ne katsina

SANI ABAKAR S D P SOKOTO WAMAKKO LG  RUGGAR MONDE AR

== Abia ==

Anyinasarar kama dantaaddaa'ngelzarma'jihar yobe karamunhukumar fune

== ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA ==

ILIYASU UMAR KANYA BABBA JIGAWA

== FUNAKAA ==

FUNAKAA

agaskiya inada tambaya

to kamar ita wannan kasar ta jamhoriyar nijar wane laifine muhammadu bazoum yake dashi har sukan yimasa juyi mulki

== Gaisuwa ==

Na gode kwarai,muna alfahari daku wurin nuna kulawa akan mu, Godiya nake [[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]] ([[User talk:El-Abdallaah|talk]]) 07:59, 31 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC)

:Nagode, @[[User:El-Abdallaah|El-Abdallaah]]. Barka da ƙoƙari. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 22:53, 1 Satumba 2023 (UTC)

== Usman abubakar  ==

Ita rayuwa wace abace da Allah madau kakin sarki yatsa ramana ita

== ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar ==

Ci kekken sunan saiyadina abubakar [[Special:Contributions/105.112.235.123|105.112.235.123]] 15:56, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== maganin daji ==

maganin daji [[Special:Contributions/2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6|2C0F:ECF0:661:3B00:784B:D816:34A7:3ED6]] 20:01, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Ali musa  ==

An haife shi

Chida ga watan Oktoba

1986 cikin@

gari gidan kube @

dake jahar maradi 

[[Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism]] [[Special:Contributions/41.254.48.53|41.254.48.53]] 21:45, 24 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC)

== Rigar kusa ==

&quot;Rigar kusa&quot; kauye ne dake karamar hukumar musawa katsina state.
Rigar kusa kauye ne mai dauke dauke da yawa matasa da kuma dattawa masana sunce rigar kusa tsohon gari ne.
Rigarkusa kauyika da dama yahada da yar kiya,sabongida slow,bambama da sauransu.
Tana wutar nantarki da asibiti da makaranta primary da nasury.

== Ghana Boy 055 ==


Chapiou


@ [[Special:Contributions/154.160.9.24|154.160.9.24]] 12:09, 21 ga Maris, 2024 (UTC)

== ALIYO ==

BORNO

== Namespaces ==

Hi!

You [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia%3A%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;diff=213527&amp;oldid=181184 emptied] the page &quot;Wikipedia:Ƙofan al'umma&quot; some time ago.

There was a section I added there with a question about namespace names. It can be seen here in an old revision: [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma&amp;oldid=181178#Namespaces

You know the Hausa language, and you are also very experienced with MediaWiki. Can you please check the table and tell me whether the proposed names are good?

Thanks! [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 18:30, 11 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

:I made a new section about this here: [[Wikipedia:Kofan al'umma#Namespace name translations]]. [[User:Amire80|Amir E. Aharoni]] ([[User talk:Amire80|talk]]) 20:01, 12 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC)

== Shehu gibirima  ==

Shehu gibirima [[Musamman:Contributions/102.91.4.40|102.91.4.40]] 19:03, 24 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC)

== Salisu garba ==

Assalamu alaikum inason tan baya kozan shiwaka tana da sinada rin ciwon tayi pot

== Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru ==

Shin taya gobarar greenhouse katsina ta faru [[Musamman:Contributions/105.112.117.72|105.112.117.72]] 13:47, 28 ga Augusta, 2024 (UTC)

== ABDULRAHMAN HARUNA ==

KADUNA

== Bbca ==

A

== HAUSA RIGAR SILKE ==

DUK WANI ABU DA YA SHAFI INGANTA HARSHEN HAUSA DA HAƁAKATA [[User:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU]] ([[User talk:ƊANDOGO BUNGUƊU|talk]]) 15:05, 2 ga Maris, 2025 (UTC)

== shaaibu ==

JIGAWA

== SHEHU USMANU ==

GADA BUNGUDU ZAMFARA NIGERIA

== AmmarBot for Swahili Wikipedia ==

Hello brother,

I hope you are doing great after the series of sessions at Wikimania. I also hope you've returned safely to your home country.

I was just asking about the bot issue which I shared with you back in Nairobi. Any progress so far? [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 12:36, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

:Hello @[[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]], I am fine. I hope you reached home safely too. 
:I have set up the code now, I just need the translated text. Please share the welcome text. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 17:22, 16 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)
::Hello back @[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]. I have replied to the email.  [[User:Muddyb|Muddyb]] ([[User talk:Muddyb|talk]]) 17:46, 17 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC)

== 7 ==

uyt [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|&amp;#126;2025-29458-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2025-29458-90|talk]]) 17:51, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)

Taba nono na mace

== Lawan abdulhamid ==

Lawan abdulhamid kano

MIYzansa

== Nakasa yin rijista  ==

Nakasa yin rajista miyasane

== SLM ==

SLM

== Isma.il.abdul.yar.runfa ==

 08142754552

Aslm da farko sunana Abdul'aziz Anas ni ina yankin malumfashi ne '''mazaunin yakinkin karamar hukumar malumfashi garin YABA  taken wanna rubutu da nakeyi shine ina da burin naga na wallafar da wani littafi Wanda na rubuta na da mashi suna rayuwar mu a yau .Wannan shine taken Wannan rubutu''' [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|&amp;#126;2026-11554-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11554-74|talk]]) 13:02, 21 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji ==


suleman yakubu yargaba alhaji 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|&amp;#126;2026-11940-32]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-11940-32|talk]]) 22:34, 22 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Dodik ==

imomaliyev [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|&amp;#126;2026-12770-62]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12770-62|talk]]) 13:18, 26 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fulani daneji ==

danejawa

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:35, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== Tarihin fulani daneji ==

danejawa [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|&amp;#126;2026-12974-74]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-12974-74|talk]]) 22:36, 27 ga Faburairu, 2026 (UTC)

== NURA FADA MUHAMMED ==

assalama alaikum waramatullah ta alawabar katuhum dafar kodai sunana NURA FADA MUHAMMED MUBI kemikagai suwaga shugabannin kasarmu najeriya dakuma sauran gomnonin jahohin dake afadin najeriya tareda rokon allah subahanahu wata alamadaukakin yabawa shugaban kasar nigeria nisan kona da yawan nasarar wajenganin anshimma wannan zaben dayatinkaromu nashekara ta 2027 alfarman annabi tareda rokonku dan allah dan annabin allah idon allah yasa wanan sakon taje indanake keutata zato taje todan allah kuyikokarin nemoni a number tawa don da sauran bayanin ne al,umar najeriya 07025450283, inajiranku

== inason zuwa gambiya  ==

neman aure zasu bani [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|&amp;#126;2026-13669-78]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13669-78|talk]]) 02:28, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Nazifi ==

yes [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|&amp;#126;2026-13801-80]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-13801-80|talk]]) 16:48, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Usmanisah01234@gmail.com  ==

Usmanu [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|&amp;#126;2026-14055-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14055-73|talk]]) 20:11, 4 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== AISHA ABDULLAHI ==

assalama alaikum mutanen wikipedia hausa

== Abdul Aziz  ==

Ssdf [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|&amp;#126;2026-14413-94]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14413-94|talk]]) 07:21, 6 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== YAHAYA MUSA  ==

6/3/2026

Ni atemakeni bandasanaa

== Isah Abubakar ==

￼kaduna steste nigeria

￼inaneman temaku kudi 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|&amp;#126;2026-14783-76]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14783-76|talk]]) 05:47, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Help ==

Please help me improve [[Gaza genocide|this]] article I recently created; my Hausa language skills are poor. Also, please add [[:en:Gaza_genocide|this]] article to the Hausa Wikipedia as it is important. Thank you. [[User:جودت|جودت]] ([[User talk:جودت|talk]]) 15:48, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah ==

Tsakanin sani jingir da Bala lau waye shugaban izalah [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|&amp;#126;2026-14911-34]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-14911-34|talk]]) 18:45, 8 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== INASONASHIGA ==

WALLAHI

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:39, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Alkasim  ==

alkasim  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|&amp;#126;2026-15496-73]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15496-73|talk]]) 13:40, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

Jahan dosso partama nawa ne Garett [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|&amp;#126;2026-15494-30]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-15494-30|talk]]) 23:24, 11 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Auwalu mansur gaya  ==

A garin gaya na bada tallafin Ramadan a Kofar gidan Sarkin garin Wanda ya hada da shinkafa da wake da ruwan Leda da lemon fata

== Block review ==

Hi! Could I ask for your review of the block on [[Musamman:Contributions/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] placed by a global sysop roughly a year ago? If you do not think their contributions necessitate it, I'd recommend removing the block.

The short version on my end is that [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] created a new account, [[Special:CentralAuth/Adamu mc|Adamu mc]], after their account was blocked and subsequently locked. I identified this yesterday and globally blocked the new account. However, reviewing their edits, I don't think they're actually connected to AhmedMustafaaaa. If their contributions to this wiki do not warrant a block, removing their previous account's block would be useful. Thanks for your time, and let me know if I should send this request elsewhere. Best, [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 18:40, 16 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

:Hi @[[User:Vermont|Vermont]], I am not very familiar with this user, but from looking at the accounts involved, I agree they are the least likely to be AhmedMustafaaaa. Although [[User:Adamu ab|Adamu ab]] appears to be independently blocked on Wikidata and MediaWiki.org for unrelated reasons, their actions here on this wiki are quite acceptable and do not warrant a block.
:I am fine with removing the block from the older account. However, it is worth noting that they created Adamu_ab about a month before the first account was blocked. They then immediately switched to the second account on the day the first was blocked. They need to stick to a single account and appeal blocks from there. –[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] ([[User talk:Ammarpad|talk]]) 10:33, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)
::@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]]: Indeed - part of a global unblock for them would be a commitment to using a single account, and the old account will likely remain locked. Thanks for looking into this. [[User:Vermont|Vermont]] ([[User talk:Vermont|talk]]) 14:49, 18 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Jimi boi gk ==

Washer boi

== (Ibrahim bako) ==

Bissimillahi rahamani rahim

== Zanshuga ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|&amp;#126;2026-17709-67]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17709-67|talk]]) 20:02, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

@[[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|&amp;#126;2026-17806-26]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-17806-26|talk]]) 22:04, 21 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== I need to edit  ==

yusuf bin shaik  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|&amp;#126;2026-18422-17]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-18422-17|talk]]) 01:37, 25 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Dari daya ==

Litafi dari daya

== Gali ==

Gufanar da mal. Nasir el rufa'i a gabar kotu

== ALI ISA JC NAWA ==

CHAM

== Sai anjima ==


sai anjima 

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|&amp;#126;2026-19045-00]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19045-00|talk]]) 11:00, 27 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== xxwxx ==

pap pu wwxx [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|&amp;#126;2026-19636-09]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-19636-09|talk]]) 18:16, 29 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

== Masaudu  ==

Ina son koyon NAHAWU 


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|&amp;#126;2026-20180-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20180-81|talk]]) 10:05, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ina bukatar taimakonku ==

Ina bukatar taimakonku [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|&amp;#126;2026-20156-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20156-98|talk]]) 12:50, 1 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Menene amfanin na'a na'a. ==

Menene amfanin na'a na'a. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|&amp;#126;2026-20503-90]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20503-90|talk]]) 01:46, 3 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Learning physics topics  ==

Explain why ph [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|&amp;#126;2026-20678-19]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20678-19|talk]]) 08:30, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== ١٢٣٤٥ ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|&amp;#126;2026-20875-04]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20875-04|talk]]) 15:56, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Chrome ==

روحاني [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|&amp;#126;2026-20860-61]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-20860-61|talk]]) 16:09, 4 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Inason shiga kasara ==

yanada sauki kokuma yabinyake Kuma yakudian kasar suke


[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|&amp;#126;2026-21619-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21619-45|talk]]) 15:43, 7 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Fty ==

Fg [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|&amp;#126;2026-21613-47]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21613-47|talk]]) 04:11, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:05, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alikirashi45  ==

alikirashi

[[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|&amp;#126;2026-21759-98]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-21759-98|talk]]) 11:06, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Jibril auwal hamza ==

Inaso Na goge asusuna Na access bank Nada Wani asusuna Yaya zanyi domin Yin hakan

== Usseni.  Ibbirashim ==

08133144879 [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|&amp;#126;2026-23155-49]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23155-49|talk]]) 14:59, 14 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Correction  ==

The image of the statue, is not of Tullio Moneta but that of his Uncle/Great uncle, Ernesto Theodore Moneta. 


Tullio lived in Johannesburg, South Africa, not Durban. Mike Hoare lived in the Durban area.


Wikipedia is a popular site as a source of credible information. Please be certain of facts before posting information on people. Thank you.  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|&amp;#126;2026-23654-39]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23654-39|talk]]) 17:00, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Ahmad Rufai  ==

Ahmad Rufai [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|&amp;#126;2026-23571-21]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-23571-21|talk]]) 23:36, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Sutura ==

Sutura [[User:Ahamad roufaï|Ahamad roufaï]] ([[User talk:Ahamad roufaï|talk]]) 23:44, 16 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:23, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Misali kasa ko bishyu haka ==

Wai dan Allah Da gaskene Akwai duniya Asama kamar wannan duniyar tamu  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|&amp;#126;2026-24499-81]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24499-81|talk]]) 09:24, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Alhamdu lillah  ==

masha Allah  [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|&amp;#126;2026-24815-45]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-24815-45|talk]]) 16:13, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== Itaciyyar zamani  ==

shin tayaya Zan Iya gabatar Da darasi Mai Anfani a wannan gida Dan cigaban Al,umma GABA daya . Zan so in Samu damar Hakan in sha Allah. [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|&amp;#126;2026-25442-87]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-25442-87|talk]]) 13:35, 26 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30471754 --&gt;

== Inaso temako ==

Please please please temako [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26771-95|&amp;#126;2026-26771-95]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26771-95|talk]]) 09:09, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)

== Abdullahi rabiu  ==

&lt;big&gt;barka da warhaka akwai bonos da akabani to Amma yakifita me matsalan ne&lt;/big&gt; [[Musamman:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-26723-12|&amp;#126;2026-26723-12]] ([[Tattaunawar user:&amp;#126;2026-26723-12|talk]]) 09:53, 2 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>8sghp481yz6vx664mxz2w4hbssf13n3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Jerin shugabannin ƙasar Kameru</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6925</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828682</id>
      <parentid>219208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T10:35:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>List of heads of state of Cameroon</username>
        <id>44483</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828682</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10541" sha1="pqci9weic8dusxws029woc2ntyv90fo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
==List==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%;text-align:center&quot;
!rowspan=2|{{Abbr|No.|Number}}
!rowspan=2|President&lt;br&gt;{{small|(Birth–Death)}}
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''Portrait'''
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tenure
!rowspan=2|Elected
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Political affiliation
|-
!Took office
!Left office
|-
!1
![[Ruben Um Nyobè]]
|
|10&amp;nbsp;April&amp;nbsp;1948
|1949
|
|
|-
!2
![[Félix-Roland Moumié]]
|
|1949
|1949
|
|
|-
!3
![[Ernest Ouandié]]
|
|1949
|1950
|
|
|-
!4
![[Tankeu Noé]]
|
|1950
|1953
|
|
|-
!5
![[Osendé Afana]]
|
|1953
|1956
|
|
|-
!6
![[E. M. L. Endeley]]
|
|1956
|1957
|
|
|-
!7
![[John Ngu Foncha]]
|
|1957
|1957
|
|
|-
!8
![[Andre-Marie Mbida]]
|
|18 February 1957
|18 February 1958
|
|
|-
! 9
! [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1924–1989)}}
|
| 18 February 1958
| {{nowrap|1 October}} 1961
| –
| [[Cameroonian Union|UC]]
|-
!10
![[John Ngu Foncha]]
|
|2 June1972
|2 June 1972
|
|
|-
! 11
! [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1924–1989)}}
|
| {{nowrap|1 October}} 1961
| {{nowrap|2 June}} 1972
| [[1965 Cameroonian presidential election|1965]]&lt;br&gt;[[1970 Cameroonian presidential election|1970]]
| {{nowrap|[[Cameroonian Union|UC]] / [[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]]}}
|-
!12
![[Augustine Ngom Jua]]
|
|1965
|1966
|
|
|-
!13
![[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1924–1989)}}
|
|1966
|2 June 1972
|
|
|-
!14
![[Salomon Tandeng Muna]]
|
|2 June 1972
|2 June 1972
|
|
|-
! 15
! [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1924–1989)}}
|
| {{nowrap|2 June}} 1972
| {{nowrap|6 November}} 1982&lt;br&gt;{{small|(''resigned.'')}}
| [[1975 Cameroonian presidential election|1975]]&lt;br&gt;[[1980 Cameroonian presidential election|1980]]
| [[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]]
|-
! 16
! [[Paul Biya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1932–)}}
|
| {{nowrap|6 November}} 1982
| {{nowrap|4 February}} 1984
| –
| [[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]]
|-
! 17
! [[Paul Biya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1932–)}}
|
| {{nowrap|4 February}} 1984
| {{nowrap|16 August}} 1992
| [[1984 Cameroonian presidential election|1984]]&lt;br&gt;[[1988 Cameroonian general election|1988]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
| {{nowrap|[[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]] / [[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement|RDPC]]}}
|-
|18
|[[Paul Biya]]
|
|1992
|1992
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
|19
|[[John Fru Ndi]]
|
|1992
|1992
|
|[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]]
|-
|20
|[[Bello Bouba Maigari]]
|
|1992
|1992
|
|[[National Union for Democracy and Progress (Cameroon)|National Union for Democracy and Progress]]
|-
|21
|[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]]
|
|1992
|1992
|
|[[Cameroon Democratic Union]]
|-
|22
|[[Jean-Jacques Ekindi]]
|
|1992
|1992
|
|[[Progressive Movement (Cameroon)|Progressive Movement]]
|-
|23
|Emah Otu
|
|1992
|1992
|
|Grouping of Patriotic Forces
|-
!24
![[Paul Biya]]
!
|1992
|1997
|[[1992 Cameroonian presidential election|1992]]
|
|-
|25
|[[Paul Biya]]
|
|1997
|1997
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
|26
|[[Henri Hogbe Nlend]]
|
|1997
|1997
|
|[[Union of the Peoples of Cameroon]]
|-
|27
|Samuel Eboua
|
|1997
|1997
|
|[[Movement for the Defence of the Republic]]
|-
|28
|Albert Dzongang
|
|1997
|1997
|
|Popular Party for Development
|-
|29
|Joachim Tabi Owono
|
|1997
|1997
|
|Action for Meritocracy and Equal Opportunities
|-
|30
|Antoine N'Demannu
|
|1997
|1997
|
|Rally of Peoples without Borders
|-
|31
|Gustave Essaka
|
|1997
|1997
|
|Cameroon Integral Democracy
|-
!32
!Paul Biya
|
|1997
|2004
|[[1997 Cameroonian presidential election|1997]]
|
|-
|33
|[[Paul Biya]]
|
|2004
|2004
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
|34
|[[John Fru Ndi]]
|
|2004
|2004
|
|[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]]
|-
|35
|[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]]
|
|2004
|2004
|
|[[Cameroon Democratic Union]]
|-
|36
|[[Garga Haman Adji]]
|
|2004
|2004
|
|[[Alliance for Democracy and Development (Cameroon)|Alliance for Democracy and Development]]
|-
|37
|Justin Mouafo
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Nationalism of Cameroonian Patriots
|-
|38
|Yondo Mandengue Black
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Social Movement for New Democracy
|-
|39
|Anicet Ekane
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Social Movement for New Democracy
|-
|40
|Fritz Pierre Ngo
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Cameroon Ecological Movement
|-
|41
|Jean Michel Tekam
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Party of Social Democracy
|-
|42
|Victorin Hameni Bieuleu
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Union of Democratic Forces
|-
|43
|Boniface Forbin
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Justice and Development Party
|-
|44
|Djeukam Tchameni
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Movement for Democracy and Interdependence
|-
|45
|[[Jean-Jacques Ekindi]]
|
|2004
|2004
|
|[[Progressive Movement (Cameroon)|Progressive Movement]]
|-
|46
|Hubert Kamgang
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Union of African Populations
|-
|47
|George Dobgima Nyamndi
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Social Liberal Congress
|-
|48
|Gustave Essaka
|
|2004
|2004
|
|Cameroon Integral Democracy
|-
!49
!Paul Biya
|
|2004
|2011
|[[2004 Cameroonian presidential election|2004]]
|
|-
|50
|[[Paul Biya]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
|51
|[[John Fru Ndi]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]]
|-
|52
|[[Garga Haman Adji]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|[[Alliance for Democracy and Development (Cameroon)|Alliance for Democracy and Development]]
|-
|53
|[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|[[Cameroon Democratic Union]]
|-
|54
|[[Paul Abine Ayah]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|People's Action Party
|-
|55
|[[Kah Walla]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Cameroon People's Party
|-
|56
|Albert Dzongang
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Dynamic for National Renaissance
|-
|57
|Jean de Dieu Momo
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Democrat Patriots for the Development of Cameroon
|-
|58
|[[Jean-Jacques Ekindi]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|[[Progressive Movement (Cameroon)|Progressive Movement]]
|-
|59
|[[Bernard Muna]]
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Alliance of Progressive Forces
|-
|60
|Esther Dang
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Bloc for the Reconstruction and Economic Independence of Cameroon
|-
|61
|Olivier Anicet Bilé
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Union for Fraternity and Prosperity
|-
|62
|Anicet Ekane
|
|2011
|2011
|
|African Movement for New Independence and Democracy
|-
|63
|Victorin Hameni Bieuleu
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Union of Democratic Forces of Cameroon
|-
|64
|Fritz Pierre Ngo
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Movement of Cameroonian Ecologists
|-
|65
|Jean Njeunga
|
|2011
|2011
|
|United Front of Cameroon
|-
|66
|Isaac Feuzeu
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Movement for the Emergence and Rise of Citizen
|-
|67
|Hubert Kamgang
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Union of African Populations
|-
|67
|Simon Pierre Atangana Nsoe
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Great Cameroon
|-
|68
|Marcus Lontouo
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Cameroonian National Congress
|-
|69
|George Dobgima Nyamndi
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Social Liberal Congress
|-
|70
|Joachim Tabi Owono
|
|2011
|2011
|
|Action for Meritocracy and Equal Opportunities
|-
|71
|Daniel Soh Fone
|
|2011
|2011
|
|United Socialist Party
|-
!71
!Paul Biya
|
|2011
|2018
|[[2011 Cameroonian presidential election|2011]]
|
|-
! 72
![[Maurice Kamto]]&lt;br&gt;
| [[File:Maurice Kamto.jpg|100px]]
| {{nowrap|16 August}} 2018
| 2018
| [[2018 Cameroonian presidential election|2018]]
| {{nowrap|[[Cameroon Renaissance Movement|MRC]]}}
|-
!73
![[Samuel Eto'o]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|
|-
!74
![[Dieudonné M'bala M'bala]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|
|-
!75
![[Bernard Muna]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[French comedian of Cameroonian descent]]
|-
!76
![[Bernard Njonga]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Believe in Cameroon]]
|
|-
|77
|[[Paul Biya]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
|78
|[[Maurice Kamto]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Cameroon Renaissance Movement]]
|-
|79
|[[Cabral Libii]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Univers (political party)|Univers]] [fr]
|-
|80
|[[Joshua Osih]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]]
|-
|81
|[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Cameroon Democratic Union]]
|-
|82
|[[Garga Haman Adji]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[Alliance for Democracy and Development (Cameroon)|Alliance for Democracy and Development]]
|-
|83
|[[Ndifor Afanwi Franklin]] [fr]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|Cameroonian National Citizen Movement
|-
|84
|[[Serge Espoir Matomba]] [fr]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|[[United People for Social Renovation]]
|-
|85
|[[Akere Muna]]
|
|2018
|2018
|
|Now!
|
|-
!86
![[Paul Biya]]
|[[File:Paul Biya 2014.png|100px]]
|{{nowrap|16 August}} 2018
|{{nowrap|16 August}} 2019
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
! 87
![[Maurice Kamto]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(1954-)}}
| [[File:Maurice Kamto.jpg|100px]]
| {{nowrap|16 August}} 2019
| 2019
| [[2018 Cameroonian presidential election|2018]]
| {{nowrap|[[Cameroon Renaissance Movement|MRC]]}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |88
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Paul Biya]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[File:Paul Biya 2014.png|100px]]
|2019
|12 October 2025
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|-
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|-
|88
|[[Issa Tchiroma]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[Cameroon National Salvation Front]]
|-
|89
|[[Cabral Libii]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation]]
|-
|90
|[[Bello Bouba Maigari]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[National Union for Democracy and Progress (Cameroon)|National Union for Democracy and Progress]]
|-
|91
|[[Hermine Patricia Tomaïno Ndam Njoya|Patricia Ndam Njoya]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[Cameroon Democratic Union]]
|-
|92
|[[Joshua Osih]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]]
|-
|93
|[[Seta Caxton Ateki]] [fr]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|Liberal Alliance Party
|-
|94
|[[Hiram Samuel Iyodi]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|Front of Cameroonian Democrats
|-
|95
|[[Serge Espoir Matomba]] [fr]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[United People for Social Renovation]]
|-
|96
|Jacques Bouhga-Hagbe
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|Cameroonian National Citizen Movement
|-
|97
|[[Pierre Kwemo]] [fr]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[Union of Socialist Movements]]
|-
|98
|[[Akere Muna]]
|
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|'''12&amp;nbsp;October&amp;nbsp;2025'''
|
|[[Univers (political party)|Univers]] [fr]
|-
!99
![[Paul Biya]]
|[[File:Paul Biya 2014.png|100px]]
|12 October 2025
|Imcumbent
|
|[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]]
|}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jerin shugabannin kasar Kameru}}
[[Category:Kameru]]</text>
      <sha1>pqci9weic8dusxws029woc2ntyv90fo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gyaɗa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7169</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828565</id>
      <parentid>740125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:05:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828565</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5860" sha1="nnoup81h6gku3elevnzh4tjtqzs5eq2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil:Gyada me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyada yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soyata, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen kara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakkar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke nomata. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nnoup81h6gku3elevnzh4tjtqzs5eq2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828567</id>
      <parentid>828565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:15:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828567</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5861" sha1="9mw0ackyy4d1m3rwafhdo49wyfn95x7" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil:Gyada me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyada yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soyata, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen kara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakkar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9mw0ackyy4d1m3rwafhdo49wyfn95x7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828568</id>
      <parentid>828567</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:16:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828568</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5860" sha1="bqouglm43iw21ko0cwxg2joj1abulzn" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil:Gyada me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyada yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soyata, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen kara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bqouglm43iw21ko0cwxg2joj1abulzn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828569</id>
      <parentid>828568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:17:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828569</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5861" sha1="gdjajrmpkd1gilx9ytse80qjlvgv9bi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil:Gyada me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyada yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen kara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gdjajrmpkd1gilx9ytse80qjlvgv9bi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828570</id>
      <parentid>828569</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:18:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828570</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5862" sha1="k2g8g97bn5m0iv4xs28rvv9usfjhazc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil:Gyada me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyada yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>k2g8g97bn5m0iv4xs28rvv9usfjhazc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828571</id>
      <parentid>828570</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:18:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828571</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5863" sha1="cmkszv95qjs6rjy41kv5fl55ji5gv6q" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil:Gyada me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>cmkszv95qjs6rjy41kv5fl55ji5gv6q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828572</id>
      <parentid>828571</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:18:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828572</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5865" sha1="nuiewaqgx3r4a685ajknvbrrowlpv82" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|gyada me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nuiewaqgx3r4a685ajknvbrrowlpv82</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828573</id>
      <parentid>828572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:19:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828573</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5866" sha1="jdxwwjs5yktilogn661529iilh0g4a3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an ginota kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jdxwwjs5yktilogn661529iilh0g4a3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828574</id>
      <parentid>828573</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:20:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828574</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5867" sha1="diz79kd8rqrqjq0iuiauj0v0oij5ygm" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me bawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>diz79kd8rqrqjq0iuiauj0v0oij5ygm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828575</id>
      <parentid>828574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:22:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828575</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5868" sha1="9tp4tx7j1iwbdhac2vonxxj3qlw8ftf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me ɓawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9tp4tx7j1iwbdhac2vonxxj3qlw8ftf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828576</id>
      <parentid>828575</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:22:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828576</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5868" sha1="n5xpee1ggizvhlbaqs1heoul5t7nqre" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyada a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me ɓawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-Kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n5xpee1ggizvhlbaqs1heoul5t7nqre</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828577</id>
      <parentid>828576</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:23:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828577</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5869" sha1="febnyvwkj124o3yvde7w5xxotladsek" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me ɓawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-Kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-kwayaoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>febnyvwkj124o3yvde7w5xxotladsek</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828578</id>
      <parentid>828577</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:23:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828578</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5869" sha1="1ku7zlsv9snovi3e1nhkdmzavadtsb4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me ɓawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-Kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-ƙwayoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin kasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1ku7zlsv9snovi3e1nhkdmzavadtsb4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828579</id>
      <parentid>828578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:25:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828579</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5870" sha1="d2mmzom6lgcmgrkmzdycnke56cwaobb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me ɓawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-Kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-ƙwayoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin ƙasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikinta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>d2mmzom6lgcmgrkmzdycnke56cwaobb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828580</id>
      <parentid>828579</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:26:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828580</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5871" sha1="fo90wr6h4s8s803f46xgyb9monv9m00" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[File:Arachis hypogaea 0zz.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa a tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Harvest.jpg|thumb|tugaggiyar gyaɗa bayan an gino ta kafin a tsigeta daga tushen ta]]
[[File:Groundnut Biscuits From Northern Ghana.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli na gyaɗa da kantu]]
[[File:Peanut Collection (8074787813).jpg|thumb|Peanut collection]]
[[Fayil: Gyaɗa me gishiri.jpg|thumb|haka Gyaɗa yake in'an soya]]
[[Fayil:Pods of Girnar 2 variety.JPG|thumb|Gyaɗa me ɓawo]]
[[Fayil:Peanut shop in Saidhai.JPG|thumb|Daffafan  gyada]]
'''[[Gyaɗa]] (peanut)''' wani [[abinci]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.premiumtimesng.com/2024/06/shirin-samar-da-abinci-gwamnan-kano-zai-sayo-wa-manoman-Kano-takin-zamani-na-naira-biliyan-5/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjh9vOjiveGAxUeSEEAHcyACwYQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw33ahKAHlMMMWmYGM6UrmJc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ne, asalinsa [[tsiro]] ne da ake shukawa, yana kuma fitar da ƴaƴa a cikin kasa ƙarƙashin jijiyoyinta. Kuma ana sarrafa shi ne don amfani da shi a matsayin abinci da sauransu ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar wurin yin [[kunu]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://dailytrust.com/cholera-fg-asks-nigerians-to-avoid-locally-prepared-kunu-zobo/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjV9eO7iveGAxUIZ0EAHR79Cb0QxfQBKAB6BAgFEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw0RHiougysLpROT0LScucDs&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, mai.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.voahausa.com/a/cin-ƙwayoyi-dangin-su-gyada-bashi-da-matsala-ga-mata--ga-mata-masu-ciki/1831526.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-ƙasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt; (mangyada), [[Madara]]&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-53648022.amp&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiO55nriveGAxVkW0EAHfrjCt8QyM8BKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw35Q7RRfrfA4uWo1iVNfewv&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;, kuli kuli, ko zubawa a miyar taushe, da sauransu. Ana iya dafa gyada&lt;ref&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://hausa.leadership.ng/uwargidan-gwamnan-kebbi-ta-tallafawa-mata-500-da-buhunan-gyada-da-tsabar-kudi/&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiVwab_iveGAxVQSEEAHcQGBGIQxfQBKAB6BAgNEAI&amp;usg=AOvVaw29zgtRSKX1HtpA6G1F-IIc&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya soya ta, ana kuma yin kantu. Gyada&lt;ref&gt;https://proveg.com/ng/recipes/kunnu-gyada/&lt;/ref&gt; na da sinadarin dake gina [[jiki]], &quot;''protein''&quot; wanda ke da amfani sosai a jiki, musamman ma wajen ƙara girman [[jiki]] da bai wa jiki kariya, shi yasa yake da kyau a riƙa amfani da shi a cikin abinci. Kuma ita gyada ta kasu Kashi daban daban, akwai, Kampala, yar dakar, Mai bargo da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== In da ake nomawa ==

Yawancin inda suke noma ta. [[Zamfara]] da [[Nasarawa]] da Kaduna da kuma Kwara. Duk dadai yanzu akwai sabon irin gyada da yake yi a jihohin yankin gabashin ƙasar nan, musamman ma jihohin Enugu da Anambra.&lt;ref&gt;https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/sarrafa-albarkatun-gona-gyada-3/&lt;/ref&gt;

==Hanyoyin Sarrafa Gyada==
Ana Sarrafa gyada ta hanyoyi daban-daban kuma ana amfani da ita a duk fadin duniya, sai dai a nan za mu duba kadan ne daga irin hanyoyin da ake sarrafa gyada a matsayin abinci. 
*Madaran Gyada, za a iya yin madara da gyada, idan aka sami danyen gyada sai a bare ta, a wanke sannan kuma a bari ta jiku a ruwa, sai a niketa, idan aka nika sai a tace, bayan an tace sai a dafa, idan ya dahu sai a bar ta ta huce, shikenan an samu madarar gyada, za a iya bai wa yara wadanda ba su samun cikakken abinci domin karin lafiya.
*Mangyada, za a iya hada mai da gyada idan aka samu gyada aka bare ta, aka bar ta ta bushe, ko kuma aka samu wanda aka riga aka busar, sai a soya ta ba da wuta sosai ba ko kuma za a iya kin soyawa, soyawa ba dole ba ne, idan an soya, sai a nika ta, to, ta zama tunkuza bayan an nika, daga nan sai a matse tunkuzar ta hanyar juyawa, za'a ga mai din na kadan kadan daga jikin tunkuzar.
*[[File:Kuli Kuli sellers4.jpg|thumb|ana sarrafa gyada a samar da man kuli kuli]]Kulikuli idan anason yinsa za'a bi yanayin da aka bi dan yin mangyda ne, amma a dai-dai lokacin da aka gama fitar da mai din gyadar daga jikin tunkuzar, to tunkuzar da aka riga aka fidda mai acikin ta, shine za'a haɗa da sinadirai kamar magi, gishiri, barkono, citta da kuma sikari da  sauransu sai a rinka diba ana curawa ana soyawa da mai din da aka fitar, idan aka soya yasoyu, to ansama kulikuli. 
*'''A farkon shekarun 1970 lokacin da ake noma sosai a Najeriya, jahar Kano tayi suna wajen noman gyada wadda ake fitarwa kasashen waje, domin samawa kasar kudaden shiga.''' A wancan lokacin 'yan kasuwa kan tara buhunan gyadar da suka sayo daga kauyukan jahar a wani katon wajen kafin a kwashe su zuwa Lagas, inda ake fitar da su ta jiragen ruwa, da hakane kuma aka rika gina dalar gyadar a Kano. Sai dai kuma sannu a hankali wannan dalar gyadar ta bace bayan da aka mai da hankali wajen hakar man fetur da ke matukar kasuwa a kasuwannin duniya. To ko mai ya sa dalar gyada a jahar Kano tai batan dabo? Wani babban dalilin da gwamnati da jama'a ke ganin ya kai ga hakan shine na kwarewar da jama'a sukai wajen sarrafa gyadar, sabanin a baya inda babu injina da sauransu. Yayin da wasu kuma ke dora alhakin bacewar dalar gyadar kan man petur, wasu kuma na cewa mutuwar jiragen kasa a Najeriya ne ya hana safarar gyadar daga arewa zuwa Legas.
[[File:A 3 bucket of Dried Peanuts in the food shop at Yau Ma Tei.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Gyaɗa wadda ba ɓara ba a cikin bukitai]]

==Gyadar da aka sarrafa==

&lt;gallery&gt;
NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|Taben kuli, ana cin shi da koko
Kuli-kuli 1.png|Loliyayyen kuli da aka sarrafa shi da gyadar
16-09-17-WikiLovesCocktails-Zutaten-Img0161.jpg|soyayyar gyada
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Abinci]]
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Minna</title>
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      <text bytes="6913" sha1="4wfupf6q0qw8b0zoh1olh7br0qhuw3g" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Minna''' birni ne a cikin Tsakiyar Belt na [[Najeriya]] . Shi ne babban birnin [[Neja|Jihar Nijar]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|jihohin]] tarayya 36 na Najeriya. Asalin manyan kabilun biyu sune [[Gbagyi]] da [[Nufawa|Nupe]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Uthman |first=Ibraheem |date=2023-09-09 |title=History Of Minna |url=https://minnacityofliterature.com.ng/history-of-minna/ |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=Minna City of Literature |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Niger_state_government_house_2.jpg|thumb|Minna, Gidan Gwamnatin Jihar Nijar]]

== Tarihi ==
Shaidar archaeological ta nuna cewa an zauna a yankin ne kimanin shekaru 47,000-37,000 da suka gabata. Al'adun [[Musulmi]] sun shiga Minna ta hanyar hanyoyin kasuwanci na Sahara daga baya, kuma birnin ya ƙunshi [[Masallaci|Masallatai]] da yawa ciki har da Masallacin Minna na Tsakiya da kungiyoyin Musulmi kamar ''Islamic Education Trust, Minna, Muslim Students' Society of Nigeria - Minna Area Council (MSSN-MNAC), Da'watu-Ilallahi-Wa-Rasulihi Association'' (DAWRA), da sauransu. Kiristanci shine addini na biyu mafi yawanci a cikin birni. Mashahuran majami'u sun haɗa da Ikilisiyar Bangaskiya, Ikilisiyar Grace Baptist, [[Nufawa|Ikklisiyoyin Nupe Kalvari]], Ikklisiya na Anglican, Ikklisiyoyin ECWA, Ikklisyoyin Baptist, Cocin Kirista na Victory, Ikklishar Apostolic da sauransu da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List Of Churches in Minna {{!}} SmartScrapers |url=https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/business-report-details/nigeria/niger-state/minna/churches |access-date=2024-07-05 |website=SmartScraper |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Minna ita ce jihar tsohon shugaban soja na Najeriya [[Ibrahim Babangida|Janar Ibrahim B. Babangida]], da kuma tsohon Shugaban kasa Janar [[Abdussalam Abubakar|Abdulsalami Abubakar]] .

== Rashin gurɓataccen yanayi ==
Dangane da binciken da aka gudanar, an ruwaito cewa gurɓataccen ƙasa ya shafi Minna wanda ya haifar da zubar da kayan sharar gida. Wannan ya haifar da cututtuka da yawa kamar zazzabin cizon sauro, zazzabin rawaya, zazzabi na Lassa, da dai sauransu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Christopher Ileanwa |first=Abdul |last2=Macaulay Atahchegbe |first2=Egwuma |last3=Andrew Ekule |first3=Adejoh |date=2020-06-01 |title=Impact of land pollution on the wellbeing of neighborhoods in Minna Metropolis of Nigeria |url=http://www.cas-press.com/article_111257.html |journal=Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation |language=en |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=143–149 |doi=10.22034/CAJESTI.2020.03.03 |issn=2717-4034 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Yanayi ==
Minna tana da yanayi na tsakiya na tsakiya ([[Rarrabawar yanayi na Köppen|Köppen]] ''Aw'') tare da yanayi biyu: lokacin bushewa, ƙura, mai rinjaye na Harmattan daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu da kuma zafi, Lokacin rigar da ya mamaye iska mai yawa daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Yanayin zafi yana da zafi zuwa kumburi a duk shekara, sai dai a tsawo na lokacin rigar lokacin da yanayin iska yake da zafi sosai amma yawan zafi ya sa ya zama daidai ko ya fi damuwa fiye da Lokacin fari mai bushe.{{Weather box}}

== Bikin Littattafai ==
Halin yanzu na bukukuwan wallafe-wallafen da na wallafe-finai a Najeriya, a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, ana iya gano su zuwa Minna, Jihar Nijar, wanda ya fara bikin wallafe-walfinai da zane-zane a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1995.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Annual School Carnival of Arts and Festival of Songs |url=https://minnacityofliterature.com.ng/tag/annual-school-carnival-of-arts-and-festival-of-songs/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tattalin Arziki ==
[[Fayil:Rice_Field_Kateregi,_Niger_state_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Ginin shinkafa da manoma na gida da ke dawowa daga gonar a yankin Sabon Daga na Minna, jihar Nijar.]]
[[auduga]], [[Masara]] (sorghum), Masara da [[Citta|ginger]] sune manyan kayan aikin gona na birnin. Hakanan ana noma Yam sosai a duk faɗin birni. Har ila yau, tattalin arzikin yana tallafawa cinikin shanu, yin giya, sarrafa kwai da hakar [[Zinare|zinariya]]. Har ila yau, akwai FMCGs kamar PZ Cussons waɗanda ke hulɗa da sabulu na bayan gida, kayan jariri, magunguna da sauransu. &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica-concise&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Concice Britannica Encyclopaedia |url=http://secure.britannica.com/ebc/article-9052862 |access-date=2007-02-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masana'antu da sana'o'i na gargajiya a Minna sun haɗa da aikin fata da aikin ƙarfe.

== Sufuri ==
[[Fayil:Tricycles_DJI_0979.jpg|left|thumb|Sufuri a Minna]]
Minna tana da alaƙa da biranen makwabta ta hanyar hanya. [[Abuja]], babban birnin kasar, yana da nisan kilomita 150 kawai. Har ila yau, hanyar jirgin kasa ta haɗa Minna zuwa [[Kano (birni)|Kano]] a arewa da [[Ibadan]] da [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a kudu. [[Filin jirgin saman Minna]] ne ke ba da sabis ga birnin.&amp;nbsp;

== Ilimi da kiwon Lafiya ==
Minna tana da cibiyoyin ilimi da dama da suka hada da: Fati Lami Abubakar Institute for Legal and Administrative Studies, Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger state school of Nursing and Midwifery, Niger state university of nurse and midwifery, Niger state university of education da dai sauransu.  Tare da manyan makarantu kamar su Father O'Connell Science College, Minna, Waziri Primary School, Chiroma Primary School, D.S.S.S Limawa, Kowa Schools, El-Bethel Academy, Jocis Schools, Hilltop Model School, Mypa Schools, Himma international school, Police secondary school, El-Amin International School, FOMWAN Schools, New Horiright International School, Divine Schools, Divine International Schools, Divine International Schools, Divine International School  Makarantun da aka ambata a sama sune manyan makarantun gaba da sakandare a Minna.  Minna tana da dakunan shan magani na farko da yawa tare da Babban Asibitin, Minna wanda ke hidimar kula da lafiya gabaɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=ALFA |first=M T |date=2019 |title=Perceived Indoor Environmental Quality of Hospital Wards and Patients' Outcomes: A Study of a General Hospital, Minna, Nigeria |journal=Applied Ecology and Environmental Research |volume=17 |issue=4 |doi=10.15666/aeer/1704_82358259 |issn=1589-1623 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Jami'o'i da kwalejoji ===

* [[Federal University of Technology, Minna|Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Minna]]
* Jami'ar AbdulKadir Kure, Jihar Minna Nijar
* [[Jami'ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo|Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jihar Nijar]]
* Makarantar Nursing dake Midwifery
* NEWGATE Kimiyya da Fasaha
* [[Niger State Polytechnic|Makarantar Kwalejin Jihar Nijar]]
* [[Kwalejin kimiyya da fasaha ta tarayya Bida|Cibiyar Polytechnic ta Tarayya]]

== Hotunan wajajen ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Minna.photowalk_Rounabout_18.jpg
Fayil:Minna.photowalk_Street_06.jpg
Fayil:Welcome_to_Minna_DJI_0968.jpg
Fayil:Niger_state_government_house_2.jpg
Fayil:Minna_Roads_4.jpg
Fayil:State_secretariat_Minna_DJI_0957.jpg|Niger state Secretariat
&lt;/gallery&gt;
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura'''  wani nau'in abincin hausawa  ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda akafi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma wadanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha ta da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin hausawa  ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda akafi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma wadanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha ta da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda akafi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma wadanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha ta da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda akafi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma wadanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha ta da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda aka fi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma wadanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha ta da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

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        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda aka fi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma waɗanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha ta da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda aka fi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma waɗanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai dadin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda aka fi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma waɗanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai daɗin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincikan da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda aka fi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma waɗanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]]. Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai daɗin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincin da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

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      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|fulanin dake dama fura da nono]]
[[File:Fura da nono seller.jpg|thumb|fura da nono]]
[[File:Belper Hirn, 4 semaines, WikiCheese Lausanne.jpg|thumb|fura/dawo]]
[[File:Fuura 03.jpg|thumb|Fura na qirga]]
[[File:Ƴar Fulani tana sayar da fura.jpg|thumb|Ƴar Fulani tana dama fura]]
[[Fayil:Fura da nono.jpg|thumb|Fura]]
'''Fura''' wani nau'in abincin Hausawa ne da ake sha, ana sarrafa fura ne ta hanyar amfani da gero, kuma mafi yawancin inda aka fi amfani da ita Arewacin Najeriya ne. Kuma waɗanda suke sai da ta su ne [[Fulani]].Kuma wannan al’ada ce ta fulani. Ana iya cin ta haka nan ba tare da an dama ta ba. Kuma ana iya dama ta a sha da nono ko madara, koma da ruwa zalla. Fura ta kasance abinci mai daɗin gaske wajen fulani da waɗanda ma ba fulani ba. Fura na cikin abincin da ke gida jiki, duba da irin amfanin da gero ya ke dashi ga jiki.&lt;ref&gt;https://foodsfromafrica.com/african-ginger-millet-cereal/{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ƙuli-ƙuli</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>9941</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828438</id>
      <parentid>729438</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:47:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="3018" sha1="etrgs96rc1k58bj7lkkw34041jdt43l" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|kuli kuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen hausa. Wani abin ci ne da akan yi amfani da shi a matsayin mahadi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma sukan iya cinsa da Bazan-ƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3020" sha1="rya1ekpca2eije4d2ykxpnk7gpezwix" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen hausa. Wani abin ci ne da akan yi amfani da shi a matsayin mahadi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma sukan iya cinsa da Bazan-ƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>rya1ekpca2eije4d2ykxpnk7gpezwix</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828440</id>
      <parentid>828439</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:48:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3020" sha1="1k6vbdo2gq0275631ib19gtgp68erd9" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da akan yi amfani da shi a matsayin mahadi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma sukan iya cinsa da Bazan-ƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>1k6vbdo2gq0275631ib19gtgp68erd9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828441</id>
      <parentid>828440</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:49:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3020" sha1="r55ltb5o7i9x0now4c1hx0kcyevcaxx" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahadi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma sukan iya cinsa da Bazan-ƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>r55ltb5o7i9x0now4c1hx0kcyevcaxx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828442</id>
      <parentid>828441</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:49:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3021" sha1="gpsh2kje9ism6e9ykg1k5aqik4bhu3i" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma sukan iya cinsa da Bazan-ƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>gpsh2kje9ism6e9ykg1k5aqik4bhu3i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828443</id>
      <parentid>828442</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:50:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828443</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3016" sha1="eey65hp7mracpueuspk9onyh5rgtfnr" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Bazan-ƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>eey65hp7mracpueuspk9onyh5rgtfnr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828444</id>
      <parentid>828443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:51:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3015" sha1="ofpi5dvj2a04tr1qo722yp76gkj6ufb" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>ofpi5dvj2a04tr1qo722yp76gkj6ufb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828446</id>
      <parentid>828444</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:52:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3030" sha1="kew4a07jn6b8eickve16ulql8v861a5" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kadai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>kew4a07jn6b8eickve16ulql8v861a5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828447</id>
      <parentid>828446</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:53:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828447</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3031" sha1="g4rjdewgymet93e1d51lvs3bh76hk97" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi da koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>g4rjdewgymet93e1d51lvs3bh76hk97</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828448</id>
      <parentid>828447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:53:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3030" sha1="goxur2fubo9ue5k1ziyt37xii58j9l7" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>goxur2fubo9ue5k1ziyt37xii58j9l7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828449</id>
      <parentid>828448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:54:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3030" sha1="s9wq6ipuummizpab2bikcfpptaymt93" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwado da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>s9wq6ipuummizpab2bikcfpptaymt93</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828450</id>
      <parentid>828449</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:57:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3031" sha1="sxoia12rbi6vldabrjo7otmjjkx44mo" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani Nau,I na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>sxoia12rbi6vldabrjo7otmjjkx44mo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828452</id>
      <parentid>828450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:59:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828452</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3033" sha1="12qu19c0u3bdsofp07gpnqclmf5g6en" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na kuli kuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>12qu19c0u3bdsofp07gpnqclmf5g6en</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828453</id>
      <parentid>828452</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:59:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3035" sha1="8jcx2l3zkr56ipvbtpz5th885rnoa8x" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyada da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>8jcx2l3zkr56ipvbtpz5th885rnoa8x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828454</id>
      <parentid>828453</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:00:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3036" sha1="s72rmjbvpmglekuxombdhhi85eo4q7o" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>s72rmjbvpmglekuxombdhhi85eo4q7o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828455</id>
      <parentid>828454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:02:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3038" sha1="h3r8jbyyxkkh9o4a6mdt6fez9yi84mo" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Kuli kuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>h3r8jbyyxkkh9o4a6mdt6fez9yi84mo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828456</id>
      <parentid>828455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:03:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3040" sha1="fw2jtnms8w2z24k7j43ueaejncy5sk6" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake hada kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828460</id>
      <parentid>828456</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:13:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <text bytes="3041" sha1="pbua2yrcj7rrahhamfoogt8sok4wvfg" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markada tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828461</id>
      <parentid>828460</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:14:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828461</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3042" sha1="c8ssxtzj4u9vcx5uz4azf9mdsjtoms2" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyadar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828462</id>
      <parentid>828461</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:14:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828462</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3043" sha1="fpu4p5qh1c08h119q106kwmqqd4epih" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] ayi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>fpu4p5qh1c08h119q106kwmqqd4epih</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828463</id>
      <parentid>828462</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:15:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3044" sha1="seotlwk03mpl2e18t9955a95b9k8i85" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar dashi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828464</id>
      <parentid>828463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:15:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3045" sha1="5hh81so4qbl6h681bkke5d1vsjmdqt5" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man yadau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828465</id>
      <parentid>828464</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:16:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828465</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3046" sha1="shun36thu35xwv4ftp12bihplbhdzl8" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya dau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828466</id>
      <parentid>828465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:17:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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      <origin>828466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3047" sha1="dbyt33qkucbr4vqpd6qj4kftkuw8kiq" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa tane kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>dbyt33qkucbr4vqpd6qj4kftkuw8kiq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828469</id>
      <parentid>828466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:22:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3048" sha1="dtdj12ukvaq8ua5a266s0a90dodehrx" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa ta ne kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko tababbiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>dtdj12ukvaq8ua5a266s0a90dodehrx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828472</id>
      <parentid>828469</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:43:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828472</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3051" sha1="rd3uupzlxy0umuhkm8xvdvzohlhro0c" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markada ta. Bayan an markaɗa ta ne kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko taɓaɓɓiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
      <sha1>rd3uupzlxy0umuhkm8xvdvzohlhro0c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828561</id>
      <parentid>828472</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T22:00:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ashiru Lawal</username>
        <id>24821</id>
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[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markaɗa ta. Bayan an markaɗa ta ne kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko taɓaɓɓiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kadan kadan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markaɗa ta. Bayan an markaɗa ta ne kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko taɓaɓɓiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kaɗan-kaɗan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leka madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markaɗa ta. Bayan an markaɗa ta ne kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko taɓaɓɓiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana dan juyawa kaɗan-kaɗan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leƙa madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli, a local snack.jpg|thumb|ƙuli-ƙuli]]
'''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ''(Groundnut cake)'' Kalmar ƙuli-ƙuli dai kalma ce da take a cikin harshen Hausa. Wani abin ci ne da ake yin amfani da shi a matsayin mahaɗi. Haka zalika ƙuli-ƙuli ana iya cinsa ta hanyoyi da dama wasu sukan sanya shi a cikin garin rogo su sha, wasu kuma suna cinsa da Mazanƙwaila, wasu kuma suna cin sa haka nan zallansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |access-date=2020-12-27 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130234741/https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/2019/06/yadda-ake-gudanar-da-sanaar-kuli-kuli.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Abinci]] ne na mutanen yammacin [[Afrika]] wanda ake samar da shi daga [[gyada]]. Sanannen abinci ne a ƙasashen Afrika irin su [[Najeriya]], [[Benin]], Arewacin [[Kamaru]] da [[Ghana]]. Ana iya cin sa shi kaɗai. Ana kuma cin shi a Koko, fura, kamu, kuma wani lokacin ana yin kwaɗo da shi. Kuma ana haɗa shi wajen yin [[Tsire]] da [[Kilishi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/2019/10/karanta-jerin-abincin-hausawa-kafin-zuwan-yar-thailand-kafin-zuwan-shinkafa-yar-kasashen-waje-girke-girken-gargajiya-sunayen-abincin-gargajiya-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke-abincin-zamani-filin-girke-girke.html&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Yadda ake haɗa Ƙuli-ƙuli==
[[File:Ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Wani nau’i na ƙuli-ƙuli]]
[[File:Groundnut being sold in a Bangalore street.jpg|thumb|Gyaɗa da ita ake haɗa kuli kuli]]
[[Fayil:A transparent bowl of ƙuli-ƙuli.jpg|thumb|Kuli-kuli mai siga]]
Da farko ana samun Gyaɗa bayan an ɓare ta sai a soya ta sannan a murje ta a fece wato a hure dukan bawon gyadar. Daganan kuma sai a markaɗa ta. Bayan an markaɗa ta ne kuma za'ayi amfani da [[Turmi]] a yi ta juya ta ana juyata har sai manta duka an gama matse shi, ita kuma gyaɗar ta koma [[Tunkuza]]. Wannan tunkuzar za'a dauka a sarrafa ta zuwa irin yadda ake buƙatar ta kamar gutsure-gutsure ko a taɓe. Daganan sai ɗora Man gyaɗar da aka matse daga tunkuzar a kasko sai a hura wuta, idan man ya ɗau zafi sosai, sai a rinƙa zuba curi-curi ko taɓaɓɓiyar tunkuzar cikin man ana soyawa anayi ana ɗan juyawa kaɗan-kaɗan. Bayan ya gama soyuwa to shikenan '''Ƙuli-ƙuli''' ya kammalu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1444419-mu-leka-madafa-dalla-dalla-yadda-ake-hada-wani-nau-kuli-kuli-mai-ban-shaawa/|publisher=Legit.hausa.ng|date= 21 November 2021 |accessdate= 22 November 2021 |last= Ibrahim |first= Salisu|title= Mu leƙa madafa: Dalla-dalla yadda ake hada wani nau'in Kuli-Kuli mai ban sha'awa. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:NCPUG wiki loves Africa 07.jpg|200px|right|thumbnail|Taben kuli, ana ci da Koko]]
==Hotuna==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Erdn%C3%BCsse_--_2021_--_9216.jpg|Gyaɗa da ake sarrafawa ayi Kuli-Kuli
File:Food_creation_-_Making_of_a_local_delicacy_called_Kulikuli_%CC%A0_2.jpg|Wata mai soya Kuli-Kuli 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kulikuli}}
[[Category:Abinci]]</text>
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'''Maria Mukuka''' ta kasance yar shirin fim ce ta Zambiya, darekta a tiyata da shirya wasanni, tana zaune ne a [[New York]]. Ita jakadiya ce ta al'adun  Zambiya zuwa ga duniya da Kuma abunda ta koya a wasu guraren.&lt;ref name=Ma/&gt;

== Farkon rayuwa da karatu==
Mukuka an haife ta kuma ta girma ne a [[Zambiya]]. A [[International School of Lusaka]], ta samu [[IB Diploma]] daga na , ta tafi zuwa [[New York City]] dan cigaba da karatun aikin shirin fim inda ta karanci [[Master of Fine Arts]] degree akan Theater.&lt;ref name=Ma/&gt;

== Aiki ==
Mukuka tayi wasa a New York, International (Zambian) da Jami'ar ([[Brooklyn College]]) theaters.&lt;ref name=FA&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.bretadamsltd.net/content/client/female-actors/maria-mukuka/ |title=Maria Mukuka |publisher=BretAdamsLtd Artists Agency |access-date=October 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta fara wasan ta na farko ne a world’s largest solo theater festival amatsayin yar makaranta a New York acikin wani aiki da tasa wa suna &quot;'''Race Free''&quot; - wasan da ta tsara na kanta mai tsawon mintuna 40 Zishan Ugurlu, inda ta bayyana tasowar ta tun tana karama a Zambia da kuna New York amatsayin ta na mai ruwa biyu n'a al'ada da rayuwa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://unitedsolo.org/us/racefree-2015-oct-2/ |title=Race Free |website=United Solo |access-date=October 14, 2020 |archive-date=October 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016213349/http://unitedsolo.org/us/racefree-2015-oct-2/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wanda akawa lakabi amatsayin mafi yawan ciniki. Wasan kuma an nuna shi a bitan New York Theater. Ta kuma yi wasanni da dama a [[The Tank (theater)|The Tank]] da [[La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://thoughtgallery.org/events/alumnight/ |title=AlumNight |website=Thought Gallery |access-date=October 13, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://lamama.org/eighth-annual-alumnight/ |title=Eighth Annual ALUMNIGHT |date=October 2015 |website=La Mama |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014045215/http://lamama.org/eighth-annual-alumnight/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;, both [[Off-off-Broadway]] venues. She also performs in [[Off-Broadway]] theaters.&lt;ref name=Ma/&gt;

A gida a [[Zambia]], ta rubuta da tsare shirye-shiryen masu suna kamar: “''Chief Jones''” (2018) - wasan da ya bayyana sanayyar Kai a zamanin yanazu a Zambiya ta idanun al'adu, wanda samar dashi yasamu tallafi daga Gidauniyar USA Tow; da “''Swaggering Braggadocio''” (2017) aciki ta taka muhimman rawa, samar da fina-finai ya samu hadingwiwa taré da Modzi Arts, wanda farfajiya ce ta adabi dake Zambiya kuma Taonga Julia Kaseka ne ke kula da wurin,  wani Darekta na adabi. Kuma takanyi hadin gwiwa da abokai na cikin gida.&lt;ref name=Ma/&gt;

A Yunin 2020, Mukuka ta fito acikin wasan [[William Shakespeare]], &quot;''[[Richard II (play)|Richard II]]''&quot; wanda Saheem Ali yayi darekta, inda ta fito amatakin ''Queen's lady/servant''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://publictheater.org/productions/season/1920/crediting/richard-ii-credits/ |title=Public: Present Richard II |publisher=Public Theater |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=September 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905202650/https://publictheater.org/productions/season/1920/crediting/richard-ii-credits/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2020/06/18/the-public-theatre-announces-radio-drama-richard-ii/ |title=The Public Theatre Announces Radio Drama ‘Richard II’ |date=June 18, 2020 |publisher=American Theatre |access-date=October 13, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/andr-holland-john-douglas-thompson-phylicia-rashad_91106.html |title=André Holland, John Douglas Thompson, Phylicia Rashad to Star in Richard II |author=David Gordon |date=June 19, 2020 |publisher=Theatermania |access-date=October 13, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://dcmetrotheaterarts.com/2020/07/16/a-telling-and-powerful-serial-podcast-of-richard-ii-by-the-public-theater/ |title=A telling and powerful serial podcast of ‘Richard II’ by The Public Theater |author=Deb Miller |date=June 16, 2020 |publisher=DC Metro |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804000940/https://dcmetrotheaterarts.com/2020/07/16/a-telling-and-powerful-serial-podcast-of-richard-ii-by-the-public-theater/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; acikin Jerin shirye-shiryen [[Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)|Shakespeare in the Park]], wanda ya zamo mata kaka ta biyu data samu dama na fitowa acikin jerin shirye-shiryen acikin gidan rediyo na New York public, [[WNYC]] a dalilin [[Covid-19 pandemic]], ta dangana su ga [[Black Lives Matter Movement]]. Wasan an bada labarin ta daga [[Lupita Nyong’o]], wanda ta lashe kyautar [[Academy Awards]] yar Kenya da [[Phylicia Rashad]], [[John Douglas Thompson]], [[Estelle Parsons]] da sauran su.&lt;ref name=Ma/&gt; Ta taba fitowa a, [[Coriolanus]] daga William Shakespeare, wanda [[Daniel J. Sullivan|Daniel Sullivan]] yayi darekta, wanda ya lashe kyautar [[Tony Award]], wanda aka nuna a Augusta 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/show/coriolanus |title=Coriolanus Tickets: Delacorte Theater |publisher=New York Theatre Guide |access-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-date=October 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022092634/https://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/show/coriolanus |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mukuka kuma malamar jami'a ce mai koyar da shiri a kwalejin Brooklyn College, [[The City University of New York]] da kuma Dialect Coach da kwarewa a African dialects na samarwar [[Off-Broadway]].&lt;ref name=Ma&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2020/09/16/zambian-actress-maria-mukuka-cast-opposite-black-panther-star-lupita-nyongo-in-nyc-play/ |title=Zambian actress, Maria Mukuka, cast opposite “Black Panther” Star Lupita Nyong’o in NYC Play |date=September 16, 2020 |publisher=Lusaka Times |access-date=October 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://zimbabwe.shafaqna.com/EN/AL/821963 |title=Zambian actress, Maria Mukuka, cast opposite “Black Panther” Star Lupita Nyong’o in NYC Play |publisher=Lusaka Times |website=Zimbabwe News |access-date=October 12, 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fina-finai ==
* ''&quot;Richard II&quot;'' (2020)
* ''&quot;Coriolanus&quot;'' (2019)
* ''&quot;Chief Jones&quot;'' (2018)
* ''&quot;Swaggering Braggadocio&quot;'' (2017)
* ''&quot;Race Free&quot;'' (2015)

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://mariavmukuka.com/about About - Maria Mukuka]
* [https://www.wnycstudios.org/people/maria-mukuka WNYCStudios: Maria Mukuka]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukuka, Maria}}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marwa Zein</title>
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'''Marwa Zain''' takasance yarce, [[Darakta|Film director]], mai-rubucen litattafai da kuma Film m. Ita ce marubuciyar shirin nan n'a shekarar 2019, ''Khartoum Offside'', kuma mai rajin kare hakkin mata ta hanyar ayyukanta. Ita ce ta kirkiro kamfanin ORE Production, wanda aka shirya a [[Khartoum|Khartoum,]] kuma tana daga cikin matasa 'yan fim bakwai da aka zaba daga ko'ina cikin duniya don halartar bikin fim na Cannes 2019 na Taungiyar Internationalwararrun Filmwararrun Filmwararrun Internationalwararru ta Duniya (IEFTA).

== Ayyuka ==
Don aikin kammala karatun ta, Zein ta rubuta, ta shirya kuma ta shirya gajeren shirin fim, ''A Game'', a cikin 2009, wanda aka fassara shi zuwa harsuna biyar kuma tayi aiki azaman zabi na hukuma a cikin manyan bukukuwa na duniya sama da 30 a duniya. A bikin baje kolin Fina- Finan Duniya na 2016 (DIFF), ga gajeren fim dinta, ''Sati daya, Kwanaki biyu!'', wanda aka haska: Yasmin Raies da Amro Saleh, aka fara.  Shi ma an nuna shi a wasu bukukuwa daban-daban na fim. 

In 2019, she released a four-year long project which she wrote and directed, a sports documentary, ''[[Khartoum Offside]]'',&lt;ref name=Ouf&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/jahresarchive/2019/02_programm_2019/02_filmdatenblatt_2019_201914803.html#tab=filmStills |title=FILM FILE {{!}} Oufsaiyed Elkhortoum |publisher=Berlinale |access-date=November 10, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Q/&gt; which was first globally premiered in the 2019 [[Berlinale]] Forum in [[Germany]] and was listed as one of the about three notable Sudanese films to be premiered in 2019 by ''Media Support'', although, yet to be premiered in Sudan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.mediasupport.org/the-future-of-football-in-sudan-is-also-female/ |title=The future of football in Sudan is (also) female |date=October 11, 2019 |publisher=Media Support |access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Ber&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://en.qantara.de/content/berlinale-2019-marwa-zeins-khartoum-offside-football-film-and-freedom-in-sudan |title=Berlinale 2019: Marwa Zein's &quot;Khartoum Offside&quot; {{!}} Football, film and freedom in Sudan |publisher=Qantara |access-date=November 19, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The central Message of the film whose lines began the film was this: {{Quote|“Under the current political Islamic military rule, women are not allowed to play football in Sudan – and we are not allowed to make films – but…”}}  A cikin samar da wannan fim din, ta karya dokar da gwamnatin Sudan ta yi na hana mata shiga harkar fim. Kodayake, ba ta gamu da cin zarafin kai tsaye daga mahukuntan Sudan a lokacin da take shirya fim din ba, amma ta samu barazanar lalata kyamarorin.    An fara nuna fim din a Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 2019  kuma an nuna shi a intanet a bikin Fina-Finan Afirka a Motsawa (AiM) a ranar 6 ga Oktoba, 2020  kuma tare da wata mata mai suna Afro- Fina-Finan larabawa cikin [[larabci]] tare da [[Turanci|fassarar]] Turanci, na Dardishi a ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 2020 

== Fim din fim ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Shekara
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Fim
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Matsayi
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Bayanan kula
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; | Ref.
|-
| 2019
| ''Khartoum Offside''
| Darakta, Furodusa, Marubuci
| Labarin wasanni
| 
|-
| 2016
| ''Sati daya, kwana biyu!''
| Darakta, Marubuci
| Short film, Wasan kwaikwayo
| 
|-
| 2015
| ''Menene masoyi zai iya zama?''
| Darakta, Furodusa
| Takaddama, Short film
| 
|-
| 2013
| ''Al’ada ga Kowa''
| Darakta
| Takaddama, Short film
| 
|-
| 2009
| ''Wasa''
| Darakta, Marubuci, Mai gabatarwa
| Short film, Wasan kwaikwayo
| 
|-
| 2008
| ''Randa Shaath''
| Darakta, Marubuci, Furodusa
| Takaddama, Short film
| 
|}

== Amincewa ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Taron
! Kyauta
! Mai karba
! Sakamakon
! Ref.
|-
| 2020
| ASA
| ''Kyautar Fim ta 2020 ASA''
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Kanta, don Offside Khartoum
| 2nd {{Runner-up}}
| 
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 2019
| AMAA
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ''Mafi Takaddun shaida''
| {{Won}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
|-
| CFF 
| {{won}}
|-
| Berlinale
| {{Nominated}}
| 
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hadin waje ==

* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm7723936/ Marwa Zein] akan [[IMDb]]
* [https://iamafilm.com/Marwazein Tarihin Marwa Zein]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} akan Ni Fim ne</text>
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[[File:Emir of Bichi 02.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Bichi Aminu Ado Bayero a yayin buɗe masallacin juma'a na garin [[Gwanki]].]]
'''Nasiru Ado Bayero'''{{Audio|Ha-Nasiru Ado Bayero.ogg|Nasiru Ado Bayero}} (An haife shi a 2, Fabrairu (1964) Miladiyya (A.c). kuma shi ne sarki na biyu (2) na [[Masarautar Bichi|Bichi]]. Ya hau gadon sarautar ne daga hannun dan uwansa [[Aminu Ado Bayero]] wanda aka ambaci sunan sa a matsayin Sarkin Kano&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kehinde |first1=Opeyemi |title=Kano govt names Nasiru Ado Bayero as new Emir of Bichi |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/kano-govt-names-nasiru-ado-bayero-as-new-emir-of-bichi.html |website=Daily Trust |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803211724/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/kano-govt-names-nasiru-ado-bayero-as-new-emir-of-bichi.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ganduje appoints Nasiru Ado Bayero to replace brother as new Emir of Bichi |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/ganduje-appoints-nasiru-ado-bayero-to-replace-brother-as-new-emir-of-bichi/ |website=Vanguard News |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Yusuf |first1=Kabir |title=Ganduje appoints Nasiru Ado Bayero new Emir of Bichi – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/381025-ganduje-appoints-nasiru-ado-bayero-new-emir-of-bichi.html |website=Premiumtimesnews |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  na shabiyar ([[Jerin sarakunan Kano|15]] ), bayan sauke dan uwansa kuma mai auren kanwarsa [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammad Sanusi II]] da [[Gwamna]] [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje|Abdullahi Umar Ganduje yayi]] .  Kafin hawansa kan kujerar sarauta, Nasiru Ado Bayero Chiroma ne na [[masarautar Kano]] kuma [[Masarautar Kano|hakimin]] gundumar [[Nasarawa|Nassarawa]] a lokacin mulkin [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammad Sanusi II]].

== Rayuwar farko ==

=== Iyali ===

An haifi Nasiru Ado Bayero a ranar biyu (2) ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif da ɗari tara sittin da huɗu (1964) a [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], daga marigayi [[Ado Bayero]] wanda shi ne [[Masarautar Kano|Sarkin Kano]] mafi dadewa a [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|tarihin Kano]].  Shi ne da na uku ga marigayi [[Ado Bayero]] kuma shi ne dan fari, da aka haifa a gidan [[Masarautar Kano|masarautar Kano da]] aka fi sani da gidan dabo. Ya m Siblings hada Sanusi Ado Bayero da tsohon Chiroma daga shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in (1990 )zuwa shekarar (2015) wanda daga baya ya yi nasara, da kuma [[Aminu Ado Bayero]] da [[Jerin sarakunan Kano|15th]] Sarkin Kano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ganduje appoints Nasiru Ado Bayero to replace brother as new Emir of Bichi. |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/ganduje-appoints-nasiru-ado-bayero-to-replace-brother-as-new-emir-of-bichi/ |website=Vanguard News |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Illimi ===
[[Fayil:Bichi Emirates 1.jpg|thumb|masarautar bichi]]
Nasiru Ado Bayero ya yi karatun firamare da sakandire a Kano, daga nan ne ya wuce zuwa [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami'ar Maiduguri da]] ke [[Borno|Jihar Borno]] don karatun fannin sadarwa wato &quot;Mass Communication&quot; a shekara ta alif da ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai (1987). Ya kammala karatun Harvard Business School sannan kuma yana da satifiket a harshen Jamusanci a shekara ta alif da dari tara da casa'in da uku (1993).&lt;ref name=&quot;The nation&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=All hail new Bichi Emir – The Nation Nigeria |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/all-hail-new-bichi-emir/ |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=15 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Levene Energy Group {{!}} HRH Nasir Ado Bayero Group Vice Chairman. |url=https://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ |website=Levene Energy Group |accessdate=1 June 2020 |archive-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317104048/http://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

Nasiru Ado Bayero ya samu gogewa wajen aiki tare da Bankin Kasuwancin Nahiyar Afrika, daga baya ya koma Kamfanin Coastal Corporation a [[Houston]], [[Texas]] sai kuma Hamlet Investment Ltd [[Landan|London]] .  Shine shugaban kamfanin Enclo Limited da kamfanin 9 Mobile Nigeria.  

== Titles da alkawari ==

A ranar shidda (6) ga watan mayu shekara ta (1994), an nada Nasiru Ado Bayero a matsayin tafidan Kano kuma hakimin Waje daga mahaifinsa marigayi Ado bayaro Sarkin Kano na [[Jerin sarakunan Kano|13]] sannan kuma daga baya ya sauya shi zuwa [[Nasarawa (Kano)|hakimin]] ƙaramar hukumar [[Nasarawa (Kano)|Nassarawa]], sannan aka mayar da shi [[Tarauni]] a kan wannan matsayin. Ya samu daukaka zuwa Turakin Kano, da kuma Sarkin Dawakin Tsakar gida a shekara ta (2000).  A shekara ta (2015), Sarkin Kano na [[Jerin sarakunan Kano|14]] [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammad Sanusi II ya]] naɗa shi a matsayin Chiroman Kano.

== Sarkin Bichi ==

=== Shiga ===

A ranar 9 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta (2019), Nasiru Ado Bayero ya hau kan karagar mulki bayan an naɗa ɗan uwansa [[Aminu Ado Bayero]] a matsayin Sarkin Kano na([[Jerin sarakunan Kano|15]]).  

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ Nasir Ado Bayero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317104048/http://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ |date=2018-03-17 }}
* [https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ Sadu da Nasiru Ado Bayero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416002502/https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ |date=2021-04-16 }}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|Gidan Dabo||1964|Living}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-end}}

[[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]]
[[Category:Sarakunan Kano]]
[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Kano]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]

== Career ==

Shine shugaban Enclo Limited, 9 Mobile Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 April 2020 |title=Nasir Ado Bayero Resumes Royal Duty |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/04/05/nasir-ado-bayero-resumes-royal-duty/ |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=THISDAYLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 November 2018 |title=Meet Alhaji Nasiru Ado Bayero, the New Chairman of 9Mobile |url=https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=Technext |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810224442/https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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[[File:Emir of Bichi 02.jpg|thumb|Sarkin Bichi Nasiru Ado Bayero a yayin buɗe masallacin juma'a na garin [[Gwanki]].]]
'''Nasiru Ado Bayero'''{{Audio|Ha-Nasiru Ado Bayero.ogg|Nasiru Ado Bayero}} (An haife shi a 2, Fabrairu (1964) Miladiyya (A.c). kuma shi ne sarki na biyu (2) na [[Masarautar Bichi|Bichi]]. Ya hau gadon sarautar ne daga hannun dan uwansa [[Aminu Ado Bayero]] wanda aka ambaci sunan sa a matsayin Sarkin Kano&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kehinde |first1=Opeyemi |title=Kano govt names Nasiru Ado Bayero as new Emir of Bichi |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/kano-govt-names-nasiru-ado-bayero-as-new-emir-of-bichi.html |website=Daily Trust |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803211724/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/kano-govt-names-nasiru-ado-bayero-as-new-emir-of-bichi.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ganduje appoints Nasiru Ado Bayero to replace brother as new Emir of Bichi |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/ganduje-appoints-nasiru-ado-bayero-to-replace-brother-as-new-emir-of-bichi/ |website=Vanguard News |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Yusuf |first1=Kabir |title=Ganduje appoints Nasiru Ado Bayero new Emir of Bichi – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nwest/381025-ganduje-appoints-nasiru-ado-bayero-new-emir-of-bichi.html |website=Premiumtimesnews |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  na shabiyar ([[Jerin sarakunan Kano|15]] ), bayan sauke dan uwansa kuma mai auren kanwarsa [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammad Sanusi II]] da [[Gwamna]] [[Abdullahi Umar Ganduje|Abdullahi Umar Ganduje yayi]] .  Kafin hawansa kan kujerar sarauta, Nasiru Ado Bayero Chiroma ne na [[masarautar Kano]] kuma [[Masarautar Kano|hakimin]] gundumar [[Nasarawa|Nassarawa]] a lokacin mulkin [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammad Sanusi II]].

== Rayuwar farko ==

=== Iyali ===

An haifi Nasiru Ado Bayero a ranar biyu (2) ga watan Fabrairu a shekara ta alif da ɗari tara sittin da huɗu (1964) a [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]], daga marigayi [[Ado Bayero]] wanda shi ne [[Masarautar Kano|Sarkin Kano]] mafi dadewa a [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|tarihin Kano]].  Shi ne da na uku ga marigayi [[Ado Bayero]] kuma shi ne dan fari, da aka haifa a gidan [[Masarautar Kano|masarautar Kano da]] aka fi sani da gidan dabo. Ya m Siblings hada Sanusi Ado Bayero da tsohon Chiroma daga shekarar alif da dari tara da casa'in (1990 )zuwa shekarar (2015) wanda daga baya ya yi nasara, da kuma [[Aminu Ado Bayero]] da [[Jerin sarakunan Kano|15th]] Sarkin Kano.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Ganduje appoints Nasiru Ado Bayero to replace brother as new Emir of Bichi. |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/03/ganduje-appoints-nasiru-ado-bayero-to-replace-brother-as-new-emir-of-bichi/ |website=Vanguard News |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Illimi ===
[[Fayil:Bichi Emirates 1.jpg|thumb|masarautar bichi]]
Nasiru Ado Bayero ya yi karatun firamare da sakandire a Kano, daga nan ne ya wuce zuwa [[Jami'ar Maiduguri|Jami'ar Maiduguri da]] ke [[Borno|Jihar Borno]] don karatun fannin sadarwa wato &quot;Mass Communication&quot; a shekara ta alif da ɗari tara da tamanin da bakwai (1987). Ya kammala karatun Harvard Business School sannan kuma yana da satifiket a harshen Jamusanci a shekara ta alif da dari tara da casa'in da uku (1993).&lt;ref name=&quot;The nation&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=All hail new Bichi Emir – The Nation Nigeria |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/all-hail-new-bichi-emir/ |website=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics |accessdate=1 June 2020 |date=15 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Levene Energy Group {{!}} HRH Nasir Ado Bayero Group Vice Chairman. |url=https://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ |website=Levene Energy Group |accessdate=1 June 2020 |archive-date=17 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317104048/http://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==

Nasiru Ado Bayero ya samu gogewa wajen aiki tare da Bankin Kasuwancin Nahiyar Afrika, daga baya ya koma Kamfanin Coastal Corporation a [[Houston]], [[Texas]] sai kuma Hamlet Investment Ltd [[Landan|London]] .  Shine shugaban kamfanin Enclo Limited da kamfanin 9 Mobile Nigeria.  

== Titles da alkawari ==

A ranar shidda (6) ga watan mayu shekara ta (1994), an nada Nasiru Ado Bayero a matsayin tafidan Kano kuma hakimin Waje daga mahaifinsa marigayi Ado bayaro Sarkin Kano na [[Jerin sarakunan Kano|13]] sannan kuma daga baya ya sauya shi zuwa [[Nasarawa (Kano)|hakimin]] ƙaramar hukumar [[Nasarawa (Kano)|Nassarawa]], sannan aka mayar da shi [[Tarauni]] a kan wannan matsayin. Ya samu daukaka zuwa Turakin Kano, da kuma Sarkin Dawakin Tsakar gida a shekara ta (2000).  A shekara ta (2015), Sarkin Kano na [[Jerin sarakunan Kano|14]] [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi|Muhammad Sanusi II ya]] naɗa shi a matsayin Chiroman Kano.

== Sarkin Bichi ==

=== Shiga ===

A ranar 9 ga watan Maris, a shekara ta (2019), Nasiru Ado Bayero ya hau kan karagar mulki bayan an naɗa ɗan uwansa [[Aminu Ado Bayero]] a matsayin Sarkin Kano na([[Jerin sarakunan Kano|15]]).  

== Manazarta ==

{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* [https://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ Nasir Ado Bayero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317104048/http://www.leveneenergy.com/our-key-people/hrh-nasir-ado-bayero-group-vice-chairman/ |date=2018-03-17 }}
* [https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ Sadu da Nasiru Ado Bayero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416002502/https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ |date=2021-04-16 }}
{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|Gidan Dabo||1964|Living}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef}}
{{S-ttl}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-end}}

[[Category:Sarakuna na Afrika]]
[[Category:Sarakunan Kano]]
[[Category:Mutanen Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutane daga Kano]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]

== Career ==

Shine shugaban Enclo Limited, 9 Mobile Nigeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 April 2020 |title=Nasir Ado Bayero Resumes Royal Duty |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/04/05/nasir-ado-bayero-resumes-royal-duty/ |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=THISDAYLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 November 2018 |title=Meet Alhaji Nasiru Ado Bayero, the New Chairman of 9Mobile |url=https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ |access-date=3 June 2020 |website=Technext |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810224442/https://technext.ng/2018/11/13/meet-nasiru-ado-bayero-the-new-chairman-of-9mobile/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ij49plbaza4m7ug4fdoqb8roh5jfc4f</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>National Library of Syria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>18074</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828643</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:16:34Z</timestamp>
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        <username>~2026-26492-70</username>
        <id>44474</id>
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      <text bytes="3154" sha1="7yhr8kbbcxkee6gvfmrorjlozq7kuks" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''National Library of Syria''' ( {{Lang-ar|مكتبة الوطنية}}   ), ya kasan ce kuma shi ne dakin karatu na kasar [[Siriya|Syria]], wanda yake a cikin babban birnin [[Damascus|Dimashka]] wanda yake kallon Fagen Umayyad .

A shekarar 1986, Ma’aikatar Al’adun Siriya ta fitar da matsaya a hukumance na gina dakin karatu na kasa. An fara ginin a 1978 kuma an kammala karatun laburaren a Nuwamba Nuwamba 1983 kuma aka buɗe ta shekara mai zuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;website&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Library - Al-Assad National Library official wesbsite (in Arabic) |url=http://www.alassad-library.gov.sy/about-us.php |access-date=2021-03-04 |archive-date=2019-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119104754/http://www.alassad-library.gov.sy/about-us.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar laburaren ita ce &quot;tattara dukkan littattafai da lamuran yau da kullun ban da kowane irin adabin da ke hade da gadon al'adunmu na kakanninmu&quot;, sannan a ware wadannan kayan don yi wa masu bincike da masana aiki don amfanar da su. 

Ita ce ajiyar doka da haƙƙin mallaka na [[Siriya]] .

[[File:AssadLibraryCard.jpg|thumb|Copy of Al-Assad National Library Card for Nigerian Ph.D. researcher [[Sheikh Adelabu|Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]] in the 1990s ]]

== Sassan ==
Laburaren yana da sassa da yawa wadanda suka hada da zauren lacca da kuma sashen musamman na makafi . &lt;ref name=&quot;website&quot;/&gt; Sassan laburaren sune kamar haka: 

* Sashen Bayanan Hoto: a siffofinsa guda uku (microfilm, microfiche, photocopy). An kafa wannan sashin ne don biyan bukatun masu karatu don samun kwafin littattafai da wallafe-wallafe.
* Sashen Kayan Aiki: A ciki ake samun littattafan laburaren da rubuce-rubucensu ta hanyar sauti.
* Ma'aikatar Takardu: A wacce aka adana shirin shirin don kallo.
* Sashen Fasaha Mai Kyau: Wanne ya ƙunshi ayyukan masu zane-zane na Siriya na zamani.
* Ma'aikatar Lokaci: A ciki ake adana wallafe-wallafe da wallafe-wallafe na yau da kullun.
* Sashen Makafi: A ciki akwai littattafai da sauran abubuwa a cikin rubutun makafi ga makafi.
* Sashin Bayanai: Wadanda kwararru ke taimaka wa masu karatu don isa ga batutuwan da ake bukata, da kuma yin tafiye-tafiye ta hanyoyi daban-daban, da kuma ta tsarin bayanan kasa da kasa da ke bai wa mai karatu damar gano sabon tushen nassoshi a cikin kowane fanni.
* Zauren Lecture: Laburaren yana da babban zauren lacca wanda zai iya daukar mutane 308. Ya dace da fina-finai, laccoci da taro. An sanye ta da tsarin rediyo don fassara a lokaci guda cikin harsuna huɗu. Hakanan akwai wasu dakunan taruwa guda biyu, kowannensu zai iya daukar mutane 20.
* Dakin Karatu: Laburaren yana da dakunan karatu guda uku da wasu dakunan karatu guda hudu. Gidajen na iya daukar sama da masu karatu 1,000 a lokaci guda.
* Dakunan Karatu na Kai: 21 Ana samun Dakunan Karatu daban-daban.
* Nunin hotuna: Akwai shagunan baje-baje da yawa a laburaren musamman don nune-nunen kamar zane-zane da nune-nunen littattafai.

*

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516072038/http://www.alassad-library.gov.sy/ Shafin karatun larabci]

{{Coord|33|30|53|N|36|16|39|E}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>7yhr8kbbcxkee6gvfmrorjlozq7kuks</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828644</id>
      <parentid>828643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:22:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-26492-70</username>
        <id>44474</id>
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      <origin>828644</origin>
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      <text bytes="3181" sha1="blxsc7075o68htbnv5skqygujm0kwb3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''National Library of Syria''' ( {{Lang-ar|مكتبة الوطنية}}   ), ya kasan ce kuma shi ne dakin karatu na kasar [[Siriya|Syria]], wanda yake a cikin babban birnin [[Damascus|Dimashka]] wanda yake kallon Fagen Umayyad .

A shekarar 1986, Ma’aikatar Al’adun Siriya ta fitar da matsaya a hukumance na gina dakin karatu na kasa. An fara ginin a 1978 kuma an kammala karatun laburaren a Nuwamba Nuwamba 1983 kuma aka buɗe ta shekara mai zuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;website&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Library - Al-Assad National Library official wesbsite (in Arabic) |url=http://www.alassad-library.gov.sy/about-us.php |access-date=2021-03-04 |archive-date=2019-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119104754/http://www.alassad-library.gov.sy/about-us.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Manufar laburaren ita ce &quot;tattara dukkan littattafai da lamuran yau da kullun ban da kowane irin adabin da ke hade da gadon al'adunmu na kakanninmu&quot;, sannan a ware wadannan kayan don yi wa masu bincike da masana aiki don amfanar da su. 

Ita ce ajiyar doka da haƙƙin mallaka na [[Siriya]] .

[[File:AssadLibraryCard.jpg|thumb|Kwafin Katin Laburare na Ƙasa na Al-Assad ga mai binciken digirin digirgir na Najeriya [[Abu-Abdullah_Adelabu|Sheikh Dr. Abu-Abdullah Adelabu]] a shekarun 1990]]

== Sassan ==
Laburaren yana da sassa da yawa wadanda suka hada da zauren lacca da kuma sashen musamman na makafi . &lt;ref name=&quot;website&quot;/&gt; Sassan laburaren sune kamar haka: 

* Sashen Bayanan Hoto: a siffofinsa guda uku (microfilm, microfiche, photocopy). An kafa wannan sashin ne don biyan bukatun masu karatu don samun kwafin littattafai da wallafe-wallafe.
* Sashen Kayan Aiki: A ciki ake samun littattafan laburaren da rubuce-rubucensu ta hanyar sauti.
* Ma'aikatar Takardu: A wacce aka adana shirin shirin don kallo.
* Sashen Fasaha Mai Kyau: Wanne ya ƙunshi ayyukan masu zane-zane na Siriya na zamani.
* Ma'aikatar Lokaci: A ciki ake adana wallafe-wallafe da wallafe-wallafe na yau da kullun.
* Sashen Makafi: A ciki akwai littattafai da sauran abubuwa a cikin rubutun makafi ga makafi.
* Sashin Bayanai: Wadanda kwararru ke taimaka wa masu karatu don isa ga batutuwan da ake bukata, da kuma yin tafiye-tafiye ta hanyoyi daban-daban, da kuma ta tsarin bayanan kasa da kasa da ke bai wa mai karatu damar gano sabon tushen nassoshi a cikin kowane fanni.
* Zauren Lecture: Laburaren yana da babban zauren lacca wanda zai iya daukar mutane 308. Ya dace da fina-finai, laccoci da taro. An sanye ta da tsarin rediyo don fassara a lokaci guda cikin harsuna huɗu. Hakanan akwai wasu dakunan taruwa guda biyu, kowannensu zai iya daukar mutane 20.
* Dakin Karatu: Laburaren yana da dakunan karatu guda uku da wasu dakunan karatu guda hudu. Gidajen na iya daukar sama da masu karatu 1,000 a lokaci guda.
* Dakunan Karatu na Kai: 21 Ana samun Dakunan Karatu daban-daban.
* Nunin hotuna: Akwai shagunan baje-baje da yawa a laburaren musamman don nune-nunen kamar zane-zane da nune-nunen littattafai.

*

== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080516072038/http://www.alassad-library.gov.sy/ Shafin karatun larabci]

{{Coord|33|30|53|N|36|16|39|E}}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Syed Ahmad Khan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19576</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828343</id>
      <parentid>517998</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T12:25:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Materialscientist</username>
        <id>20090</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:Stamp of India - 1973 - Colnect 372311 - Syed Ahmad Khan 1817-1898 - Social Reformer.jpeg]] → [[File:Syed Ahmed Khan 1973 stamp of India.jpg]] same image, better quality</comment>
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      <text bytes="7969" sha1="q441cssdfqhjvchey7752ueu4brprkr" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
[[Fayil:SAKhan.jpg|thumb|Syed Ahmad Khan]]
Sir Syed '''Ahmad Taqvi bin Syed Muhammad Muttaqi'''  KCSI ( {{Lang-ur|{{Nastaliq| سید احمد خان}}}}   ; An haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta alif 1817&amp;nbsp;- ya mutu a ranar 27 ga watan Maris na shekara ta alif 1898), wanda aka sani a matsayin '''Sir Syed Ahmad Khan''' (kuma '''Sayyid Ahmad Khan),''' an Musulunci pragmatist,  Musulunci kawo canji, &lt;ref name=&quot;Glasse, Cyril, (2001)&quot;&gt;Cyril Glasse (2001) ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'', Altamira Press&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;''Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World,'' Thompson Gale (2004)&lt;/ref&gt; Falsafa, da kuma educationist  a cikin karni na  sha tara a Birtaniya Indiya .   Kodayake da farko yana nuna hadin kan Hindu-Musulmai, ya zama farkon dan kishin kasa na Musulmai a Kasar  Indiya kuma ana yada shi a matsayin mahaifin Ka'idar Kasashe Biyu wanda ya kafa tushen harkar Pakistan .     Ahmad wanda aka haife shi cikin dangi mai tsananin bashi a kotun ta Mughal [[Al Kur'ani|, ya karanci Alqur'ani]] da Kimiyya a cikin kotun. An ba shi lambar girmamawa ta LLD daga Jami'ar Edinburgh a cikin shekara ta  alif 1889.   

A cikin shekara ta alif 1838, Syed Ahmad ya shiga aikin Kamfanin  Indiya na Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zama alƙali a  Kotun a shekara ta alif 1867, yana ritaya daga shekara ta alif 1876. A lokacin Tawayen Kasar Indiya na shekara ta alif 1857, ya kasance mai aminci ga Raj Raj na Burtaniya kuma an san shi saboda ayyukansa na ceton rayukan Turawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Glasse, Cyril, (2001)&quot;&gt;Cyril Glasse (2001) ''The New Encyclopedia of Islam'', Altamira Press&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan tawayen, ya rubuta ƙaramin littafin ''Abin da ke Haddasa Mutumcin Indiya''&amp;nbsp;- suka mai karfi, a lokacin, game da manufofin Burtaniya daban-daban da ya zarga da haddasa tawayen. Saboda imanin cewa tsananin rayuwar ɗabi'unsu na fuskantar barazana ga makomar musulmai, Sir Ahmad ya fara inganta ilimin  Yammacin Turai ta hanyar kafa makarantu da mujallu na zamani da kuma shirya 'yan kasuwar Islama.

A cikin shekara ta alif 1859, Syed ya kafa makarantar Gulshan a Muradabad, Makarantar Victoria a Ghazipur a shekara ta alif 1863, da kuma ƙungiyar kimiyya ga musulmai a shekara ta alif 1864. A cikin shekara ta  alif 1875, ya kafa kwalejin Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental, jami'ar musulmi ta farko a Kudancin Asiya.  A lokacin aikinsa, Syed ya yi kira ga Musulmai akai-akai da su yi hidimar Raj Raj tare da inganta daukar Urdu a matsayin ''yaren'' da duk musulmin Indiya ke yi . Syed ya soki Majalisar Dokokin Indiya . 

Syed yana da kyakkyawan gado a cikin [[Pakistan]] da tsakanin Musulman Indiya . Ya rinjayi sauran shugabannin musulmai da suka hada da [[Muhammad Iqbal|Allama Iqbal]] da Muhammad Ali Jinnah . Da'awarsa ga al'adun Musulunci ( Muʿtazila ), kuma mafi girma, fassara fassarar [[Al Kur'ani|Kur'ani]] don ya dace da kimiyya da zamani, yana ci gaba da tasiri ga sake fasalin Islama a duniya.  Yawancin jami'o'i da gine-ginen jama'a a Pakistan suna ɗaukar sunan Sir Syed. 
[[File:Purported photo of Ahmad Raza Khan Barelwi.jpg|thumb|Syed Ahmad Khan]]
Jami'ar Musulmai ta Aligarh ta yi bikin cika shekaru 200 da haihuwar Sir Syed tare da ɗoki a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoban shekara ta 2017. Tsohon Shugaban Indiya Pranab Mukherjee shi ne babban bako.  

== Rayuwar farko ==
[[Fayil:Syed Ahmad Khan.jpg|thumb|Syed Ahmad Khan]]
An haifi Syed Ahmad Taqvi 'Khan Bahadur' a ranar 17 ga watan  Oktoban shekara ta alif 1817 a Delhi, wanda shi ne babban birnin daular Mughal a lokacin mulkin Mughal Emperor Akbar II . Yawancin zuriyarsa da yawa sun kasance suna da alaƙa sosai da matsayin gudanarwa a Daular Mughal . Kakan mahaifiyarsa Khwaja Fariduddin ya kasance ''Wazir'' (lit. Minista) a kotun Emperor Akbar Shah II .  Kakan mahaifinsa Syed Hadi Jawwad bin Imaduddin ya riƙe ''mansab'' (lit. Janar ) - babban matsayi na gudanarwa da sunan girmamawa na &quot;Mir Jawwad Ali Khan&quot; a kotun Emperor Alamgir II . Mahaifin Sir Syed, Syed Muhammad Muttaqi,  kasance kusa da Sarki Akbar Shah II kuma ya kasance mai ba shi shawara. &lt;ref name=&quot;LW4&quot;&gt;[[Syed Ahmad Khan#Graham|Graham]], p. 4&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, an haifi Syed Ahmad ne a lokacin da mahaifinsa ke fama da tawayen yanki tare da taimakon kamfanin East India, wanda ya maye gurbin ikon da mulkin Mughal ya saba da shi, wanda ya rage masarautarta zuwa mai kan gaba . Tare da babban wansa Syed Muhammad bin Muttaqi Khan, Sir Syed ya tashi a cikin wani babban gida a wani yanki mai arzikin birnin. An tashe su bisa ƙa'idodi masu kyau na Mughal kuma an fallasa su da siyasa. Mahaifiyarsu Aziz-un-Nisa ta taka rawar gani a rayuwar Sir Syed tun tana ƙuruciya, tana ɗaga shi da horo mai tsauri tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin zamani. &lt;ref&gt;[[Syed Ziaur Rahman]] (Sept–Oct. 1999) &quot;Sir Syed and His Family Background&quot;, ''The norad Magazine'', Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1998–99, pp. 17–19; ''We and You'' (Special Issue), Aligarh, p. 10&lt;/ref&gt; Sir Syed ce ta koyar da karatun [[Al Kur'ani|Alkur'ani]] da fahimtarta daga wata mace mai koyar da ita, wacce ba ta saba a lokacin ba. Ya sami ilimin gargajiya ga masarautar musulmai a Delhi . A karkashin kulawar Lord Wellesley, Sir Syed ya sami horo a cikin [[Farisawa|yaren Farisanci]], [[Larabci]], [[Urdu]] da [[Ilimin Musulunci|darussan addinan]] gargajiya.  Ya karanta ayyukan masana musulmai da marubuta kamar Sahabbai, [[Rumi]] da Ghalib .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2008}} Wasu tutors umurci shi a [[Lissafi|ilmin lissafi]], taurari da kuma [[Fiƙihu|Musulunci fikihu]] .   Sir Syed ya kuma kware a wasan ninkaya, kokawa da sauran wasanni. Ya taka rawa sosai a ayyukan al'adu na kotun Mughal. 
[[File:Syed Ahmed Khan 1973 stamp of India.jpg|thumb|Syed Ahmad Khan]]
[[Fayil:Sayyid Ahmad Khan.jpg|thumb|Syed Ahmad Khan]]
Babban wan Syed Ahmad ya kafa kamfanin buga takardu na farko a cikin [[Urdu|yaren Urdu]] tare da mujallar ''Sayyad-ul-Akbar'' .{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2008}} Sir Syed ya bi karatun likitanci tsawon shekaru amma bai kammala karatun ba.  Har zuwa lokacin da mahaifinsa ya rasu a shekara ta alif 1838, Sir Syed ya kasance yana da al'adar rayuwa ga ƙwararren saurayi Musulmi mai daraja.  Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, ya gaji lakabin kakansa da mahaifinsa kuma sarki Bahadur Shah Zafar ''ya ba shi mukamin Arif Jung'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;LW7&quot;&gt;[[Syed Ahmad Khan#Graham|Graham]], p. 7&lt;/ref&gt; Matsalolin kuɗi sun kawo ƙarshen karatun Sir, kodayake ya ci gaba da karatu a keɓe, yana amfani da littattafai kan fannoni daban-daban.  Sir Syed ya zama editan jaridar dan uwansa kuma ya yi watsi da tayin aiki daga kotun Mughal. 

== Duba kuma ==

* Tafazzul Husain Kashmiri
* Jami'ar musulin ta Aligarh
* Harkar Aligarh
* Duk Taron Ilimin Muhammadan Indiya
* Ka'idar kasashe biyu
* Kishin kasa na Musulmi a Kudancin Asiya
* Duk Kungiyar Musulman Indiya
* Zamanin Musulunci

== Manazarta ==
 {{Reflist}}


== Hanyoyin haɗin waje ==

* [http://www.aligarhmovement.com/ Cikakken bayani game da Harkar Aligarh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009172151/http://www.aligarhmovement.com/ |date=2020-10-09 }}
* [http://aligarhmovement.com/sir_syed &quot;Sir Seyyed Ahmad, Khan Bahadur, LLD, KCSI&quot; Na Afzal Usmani] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419130815/http://aligarhmovement.com/sir_syed |date=2014-04-19 }}
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
*  
* [http://gulfnews.com/opinions/columnists/the-rich-legacy-of-sir-syed-ahmad-khan-1.1090105 Arzikin Sir Syed Ahmad Khan] (Labarin Gulf)
* [http://www.newageislam.com/books-and-documents/azhar-mohammed-k/sir-syed-ahmed-khan-his-life-and-contribution/d/9085 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan Rayuwarsa da Gudummawar sa (NewAgeIslam)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160820222650/http://www.mainahimanta.com/2016/08/sir-syed-ahmad-khan-181799.html Majagaba na Kasa (Mai Nahi Manta)]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_sir_sayyid_meerut_1888.html Jawabin Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan a Meerut, 16 Maris 1888]
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[[File:A_group_of_women_from_the_Tiv_tribe_of_central_Nigeria_singing_at_the_Kwagh_Hir_festival.jpg  |thumb| Gungun wasu mata 'yan ƙabilar Tiv dake tsakiyar Najeriya suna waka a wajen bikin Kwagh Hir]] 
[[File:A_costume_parade_on_Fulani_tribe_and_Yoruba.jpg  |thumb|Mata ƴan kabilar Fulani]] 
'''Matsayin zamantakewar mata a [[Najeriya]]''' sun banbanta bisa lamuran addini, al'adu da kuma yanayin [[ƙasa]]. Matsayin mata ya fi zama ne a matsayin iyaye, yayye mata, ko kuma matan aure.   Bugu da ƙari, matsayin mata ya dace da bambancin ƙabila da asalin addini, tare da matan [[Arewacin Najeriya]] waɗanda za a iya warewa a cikin gida,  fiye da matan da ke Kudancin Najeriya, wadanda ke shiga cikin rayuwar jama'a.  Ƙalubale zamani ga matan Najeriya sun haɗa da auren yara &lt;ref name=&quot;girlsnotbrides.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/nigeria/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-06-09 |archive-date=2018-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104145418/https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/child-marriage/nigeria/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; da kaciyar mata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS|title=Labor force participation rate, female (% of female population ages 15-64) (Modeled ILO estimate) &amp;#124; Data}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Global Gender Gap Report 2022|url=https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2022.pdf|publisher=World Economic Forum|access-date=1 March 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|publisher=HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORTS|access-date=23 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Matsalolin zamantakewa ==

=== Auren yara ===
Auren yara ƙanana ya zama ruwan dare a [[Najeriya]] musamman arewaci, inda kashi 43% na ƴan mata ke yin aure kafin su cika shekara 18, sannan kuma kashi 17% kafin su cika shekaru 15 &lt;ref name=&quot;girlsnotbrides.org&quot;/&gt; Yaɗuwar, duk da haka, ya bambanta sosai da yanki.  Adadin haihuwa na Najeriya shi ne yara 5.07 / mata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |archive-date=2009-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yawan haihuwa a Najeriya yana haifar da matsalolin zamantakewar tattalin arziƙi da kuma haifar da ci gaban ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/nigeria-high-fertility-rate-fueling-underdevelopment-experts/&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/world/africa/in-nigeria-a-preview-of-an-overcrowded-planet.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
=== Shiga cikin siyasa ===
Rahoton Ƙungiyar tattalin arziƙi ta [[duniya]] daga ɓangaren rahotanni na cike gurbi tsakanin jinsi na shekarar 2018 ya saka Najeriya a ƙasa ta 139 &lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; daga cikin adadin kimanin 149 ƙasashe cikin sharuɗɗan jinsi rata a 'yan siyasa karfafawa'.  A lokacin zaɓen Najeriya na shekara ta 2015, Najeriya na da mata 20 cikin 359 a ƙaramar majalisar ta (5.6%) da 7 cikin shekarar 109 a majalisar dattijai (6.4%). A zaɓen shekarar 2019 kaso 7.3% na [[Majalisar Dattijai ta Najeriya|Majalisar Dattawan Najeriya]] da kashi 3.1% na Majalisar Wakilai mata ne. Babu wasu gwamnonin jihohi da suke mata.  Babu wasu dokoki da aka aiwatar don inganta bambancin jinsi. A shekarar 2014, Cibiyar Raya Mata da Ba da Tallafi ta Mata (WARDC) da Asusun Kula da Matan Najeriya (NWTF) sun tsara “Yarjejeniyar Neman Matan Najeriya” da ta bukaci a samar da 35% na mata a cikin dukkan bangarorin gwamnati. Abubuwan da ke kawo cikas ga shigar mata cikin siyasa halaye ne daban-daban game da jinsi, mummunan ra'ayi game da mata a cikin jagoranci musamman, 'yan takarar mata galibi suna fama da tashin hankalin zaɓe, barazana ko maganganun ƙiyayya kuma jam'iyyun siyasa sun keɓe mata kawai, ba su da ƙarfin ƙarfafa sa hannu. Don taimakawa haɓaka yawan mata da ke aiki a cikin gwamnati, Asusun Amincewar Mata na Nijeriya (NWTF) yana amfani da Kuɗaɗe, hanyoyin sadarwa, jagoranci, horo don shugabanci, da shawarwari. Ma'aikatar Harkokin Mata da Ci Gaban Jama'a (MWASD) ce ke tallafawa, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;girlsnotbrides.org&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |access-date=2021-06-09 |archive-date=2009-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==

=== Kaciyar mata ===
Yanke al'aura na mata (wanda aka fi sani da kaciyar mata ) a Najeriya shi ne ya haifar da mafi yawan al'aurar mata (FGM / C) a duk duniya.  Ana ɗaukar wannan dabi'a mai cutarwa ga 'yan mata da mata da kuma take Haƙƙin [[Hakkokin Yan-adam|ɗan Adam]] .  FGM yana haifar da rashin haihuwa, mutuwar mata, cututtuka, da rasa jin daɗin jima'i.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/04/nigeria-high-fertility-rate-fueling-underdevelopment-experts/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/world/africa/in-nigeria-a-preview-of-an-overcrowded-planet.html&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin ƙasa, kashi 27% na matan Najeriya masu shekaru tsakanin 15 zuwa 49 an yi musu kaciya, tun daga shekarar 2012.  A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, yaɗuwar wannan ɗabi'a ta ragu da rabi a wasu sassan Najeriya.  An ba da rahoton cewa kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na matan Najeriya sun ba da rahoton cewa sun taɓa fuskantar tashin hankali na abokan tarayya (IPV) kamar na shekarar 2013.  Nazarin ya ci gaba da yaɗuwar IPV a yankuna huɗu na Yankin-siyasa na Najeriya ya nuna cewa Kudu maso Gabas na da 78.8%,  Arewa na da 42%,  Kudu ta Kudu na da 41%,  kuma Kudu maso Yamma na da 29%.

=== Auren mace fiye da dayya ===
[[File:Nigeriapolygamy.png|thumb|270x270px| [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohi]] 12 da suka fi rinjaye a arewacin Najeriya inda auren mata fiye da ɗaya ya halatta.]]
12 daga cikin jihohin Najeriya 36 sun amince da auren mata fiye da ɗaya daidai yake da auren mata daya. Dukkanin jihohi goma sha biyu ana gudanar da su ne da Shari'ar [[Shari'a|Musulunci]] . Jihohin, waɗanda dukkansu ‘yan arewa ne, sun haɗa da jihohin [[Bauchi (jiha)|Bauchi]], [[Borno]], [[Gombe (jiha)|Gombe]], [[Jigawa]], [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]], [[Kano (jiha)|Kano]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina]], [[Kebbi]], [[Neja|Niger]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto]], [[Yobe]], da [[Zamfara]]  wanda ke ba da damar mutum ya auri sama da mata ɗaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ggr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Global Gender Gap Report 2018|url=http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf|publisher=World Economic Forum|pages=10–11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani wurin, duka al'adun Krista da na gargajiya a cikin ƙungiyoyin auren mata da yawa sun yarda da su ta hanyar [https://section27.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/09Manual.pdf al'adun gargajiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625000538/https://section27.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/09Manual.pdf |date=2021-06-25 }} . Wadannan kungiyoyin kwadagon sun dogara ne kan rashin yin aure na farko, kamar yadda ake amfani da babbar hanyar masaniya, amma ko da a halin yanzu, ba kasafai ake gurfanar da maza a gaban babbar mace a Najeriya ba.

== Bambancin yanki ==

=== Arewacin Najeriya ===
A arewa, ayyuka da aka gabatar cikin sharuddan mata matsayi a cikin al'umma sun kasance yafi a sakamakon mulkin mallaka da kuma gabatarwar [[Salafiyya|salafanci]] da [[Wahabiyanci|wahhabiyanci]] da tunanin su a cikin al'ada sufistregion .  Wannan tsari yana nufin, gabaɗaya, ƙarancin ilimi na yau da kullun; auren wuri na samari, musamman a yankunan karkara; da tsare mutane a cikin gida, wanda galibi ba shi da addini, sai dai ziyarar dangi, shagulgula, da wuraren aiki, idan akwai aikin yi kuma dangi ko mijinta sun yarda da hakan. A mafi yawan lokuta, [[Hausawa|matan Hausawa]] ba sa aiki a gona, yayin da [[Mutanen Kanuri|matan Kanuri ke]] yi; dukkansu sun taimaka da girbi kuma suna da alhakin duk aikin sarrafa abinci na gida .

Matan birni suna siyar dafaffun abinci, galibi ta hanyar aika ƴan mata talla akan tituna ko aiki da ƙaramin matsugunni. Bincike ya nuna cewa wannan al'adar tana daga cikin manyan dalilan da matan birni ke bayarwa don adawa da karatun yara mata.  Ko da a cikin fitattun gidaje tare da mata masu ilimi, kasancewar mata a taron jama'a ko babu su ko kuma takura su. A ɓangaren zamani, wasu kaɗan daga mata suna bayyana a dukkan matakai a ofisoshi, bankuna, sabis na zamantakewar jama'a, aikin jinya, rediyo, talabijin, da kuma ƙwarewa, (koyarwa, injiniya, ƙirar muhalli, doka, kantin magani, magunguna, har ma da aikin gona da magungunan dabbobi. ).

Wannan yanayin ya samo asali ne daga makarantun sakandare na mata, kwalejojin malamai, kuma a cikin shekaru ta alif 1980 mata suna riƙe da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na guraben jami'a — ninki biyu na na shekaru ta alif 1970. Bincike a cikin shekaru ta alif 1980 ya nuna cewa, ga musulmin arewa, ilimin da ya wuce makarantar firamare ya taƙaita ne ga 'ya'yan' yan kasuwa da kwararrun kwararru, kuma kusan a kowane hali, dangi ne suka zaɓi kwasa-kwasai da sana'oi, ba mace da kansu ba.

Koyaya, a cikin yawan shekarun nan, ƙimar aikin mata ya ƙaru kamar yadda aka ƙara wa mata aiki a ɓangaren zamani. Ka same su a matsayin masu karɓar kuɗi a bankuna, malamai a makarantun firamare da sakandare na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, da masu jinya a asibitoci da kuma masu ɗaukar nauyin shirye-shiryen talabijin daban-daban. Kodayake, batun mata ba sa samun manyan mukamai har yanzu yana ci gaba da kasancewa babban kalubale a duk fadin kasar da ma dukkan bangarorin saboda yawancin wadannan mukamai maza ne ke shagaltar da su da kananan dama na mata masu cancanta. Bugu da kari, samari mata da ke yanke shawara kan kwasa-kwasan da sana'o'in da za su zaba daga yanzu suna da 'yancin cin gashin kansu na yin hakan a wasu gidajen musamman a kudancin ƙasar. Koyaya, arewa tana baya a cikin waɗannan canje-canje bayyane saboda dokokin al'adu.

=== Kudancin Najeriya ===
[[File:62-Africa-Nigeria-Intersting_Shot_of_Girl_with_Basket_on_head_S.jpg|thumb| Wata 'yar Najeriya tana daidaita kayan kasuwa a kanta]]
A kudu, a al'adance mata suna da mahimman matsayi na tattalin arziki a kasuwancin dangi da kasuwanni, suna aiki a gonaki a matsayin manyan kafofin Ƙwadago, kuma suna da matsayi mai tasiri a tsarin gargajiya na ƙungiyar gida. Kudu, kamar arewa, ya kasance yana da polygynous; a cikin shekara ta alif 1990 har yanzu yana ga gidaje da yawa, gami da waɗanda ke da'awar [[Kiristanci]].&lt;ref&gt;https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.ACTI.FE.ZS&lt;/ref&gt;

Mata a kudu, sun sami ilimi irin na yamma tun ƙarni na goma sha tara, don haka suka mallaki mukamai a cikin sana'oi kuma har zuwa siyasa. Bugu da ƙari, mata ne ke jagorantar gidaje, wani abu da ba a yi la’akari da shi sosai ba a cikin tsare-tsaren ci gaban [[Najeriya|Nijeriya.]] Irin waɗannan gidajen sun fi yawa a kudu, amma suna kan hauhawa ko'ina.

== Ganewa da hukumomi ==
Gabaɗaya, a cikin Nijeriya, tsarin ci gaba yana nufin &quot;mazan da suka manyanta,&quot; &quot;gidaje,&quot; ko &quot;dangi&quot;. Mata sun kasance a cikin irin waɗannan rukunin amma ba a matsayin rukunin daban ba. Har zuwa 1980s, kalmar &quot;manomi&quot; ana ɗauka ta maza ce kawai, duk da cewa a wasu yankuna na ƙasa mata suna yin yawancin aikin gona. A al'adar Nijeriya, kusan kowane lokaci ana fassara mace a matsayin ɗiyar wani, matar sa, mahaifiyarsa, ko bazawara.

Ana zargin mata marasa aure, kodayake sun zama babban rukuni, musamman a biranen, saboda yawan sakin aure. A al'ada, kuma har zuwa wani lokaci wannan ya kasance gaskiya a cikin al'adun gargajiya, ana ganin matan da ba su da aure a matsayin abokan hulɗa na jima'i idan sun yi ƙoƙari don samun 'yanci kuma a matsayin waɗanda ke fama da sauƙi don cin zarafin tattalin arziki. A [[Kaduna (jiha)|Jihar Kaduna]], alal misali, binciken da aka yi game da kwace filaye ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya nuna cewa shugabannin kananan hukumomi da ke son sayar wa ga masu zagin birane da kuma manoma 'yan kasuwa, sun kwace gonakin mata kusan ba tsammani.

== Sanannu a Mata ==

=== Siyasa ===

* [[Amina J. Mohammed]] - Mataimakiyar Sakatare-Janar na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]]
* [[Gbemisola Ruqayyah Saraki]] - 'Yar siyasa kuma mai son taimakon jama'a
* [[Florence Ita Giwa]] - ‘Yar Siyasa
* [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala]] - Masaniyar Tattalin Arziki, Mace ta farko a Ministar Kudi
* [[Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti]], mai fafutuka
* [[Dora Akunyili]] - Tsohuwar Ministan Yada Labarai da Sadarwa, Tsohuwar Darakta Janar, Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna da Kulawa (NAFDAC) ta Nijeriya.
* [[Kemi Adeosun]] - Ministan Kudi (Nuwamba 2015 - 2018)
* [[Beni Lar]], 'yar majalisar wakilan Najeriya kuma mai rajin kare hakykin mata

=== Kasuwanci ===

* [[Bilikiss Adebiyi Abiola]] - Babbar Shugaba ta Wecyclers
* [[Folorunso Alakija|Folorunsho Alakija]], 'Yar Kasuwa
* [[Bola Shagaya|Hajiya Bola Shagaya]] - 'Yar Kasuwa kuma Mai Kishin Kayan Zamani
* [[Sola David-Borha]], Babbar Jami'ar (Yankin Afirka) na Bankin Standard

=== Nishaɗi ===

* [[Agbani Darego]] - Misali da Kyawawan Sarauniya 
* [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adiche|Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] - Marubuciya
* [[Chioma Chukwuka|Chioma Akotha]] - Jaruma da Fina-Finan fim
* [[Folake Coker]] - Mai tsara Zane, Daraktan kirkira na Tiffany Amber
* [[Funke Akindele]] - Jaruma
* [[Genevieve Nnaji]] - Jaruma
* [[Helen Paul]] - 'Yar wasan barkwanci
* [[Iretiola Doyle|Ireti Doyle]] - Jaruma 
* [[Kiki Mordi]] - 'Yar jarida da' yar jarida
* Aisha Salaudeen - 'Yar jaridar [[Aisha Salaudeen|gidan talabijin na Multimedia]]
* Krystal Okeke - Ms. Illinois USA Universal 2016 kuma wacce ta kirkiro Nunin Yara Na Yammacin Yammacin Yammacin Duniya da Sarauniyar kyau ta Miss Nation Nation
* Mercy Chinwo - [[Mercy Chinwo|Mawakiya, Marubuciya &amp; Jaruma]]
* [[Onyinye Ough]], marubuci kuma mai fafutuka
* [[Osonye Tess Onwueme]] - Marubucin wasan kwaikwayo 
* [[Mo Abudu]], mutuniyar yada labarai
* [[Tiwa Savage]] - Mai Nishadantarwa
* [[Ufuoma McDermott]] - Jaruma &amp; Mafificin fim
* [[Yemi Alade]] - Mai nishadantarwa

=== Kimiyya ===
Masana kimiyya sun haɗa da:

* [[Ameyo Adadevoh]] - likitan Najeriya
* Farfesa [[Grace Alele-Williams]] - Masanin lissafi 
* Francisca Nneka Okeke - Physicist 
* Deborah Ajakaiye - Masana ilimin lissafi 
* Olabisi Ugbebor - Masanin lissafi 
* Adenike Osofisan - Masanin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta 
* Folasade Ogunsola - Masaniyar Kimiyyar Likita 
* Chinedum Peace Babalola - Likitan magunguna 
* Lucy Jumeyi Ogbadu - Masanin Kimiyyar Microbiology 
* Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi, Ph.D - Masanin ilimin 
* Stella Ifeanyi Smith, Ph.D - Masanin Kimiyyar Halitta 

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:MataMa]]
[[Category:Mata Yan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mata]]
[[Category:Mata a Najeriya]]
[[Category:Matan Najeriya]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>r94lqda0e812gzuv14a0i1plvz65tdc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Sabbin editoci</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>21908</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828560</id>
      <parentid>828185</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:27:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci</comment>
      <origin>828560</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10202" sha1="ateunbnv8vxnast8v4yj74yjodghx8a" xml:space="preserve">Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Numba
!Edita
!Gudummuwa
!Lokacin rajista
|-
|1
|[[User:Bk1949|Bk1949]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Bk1949|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026
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|2
|[[User:JackSaxon|JackSaxon]]
|[[Special:Contributions/JackSaxon|Gudummuwa]]
|Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Maxi0902|Maxi0902]]
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|Litinin, 27 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Foundational belief|Foundational belief]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Foundational belief|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Itshankwill|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Guliolopez|Guliolopez]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Guliolopez|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|7
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|[[Special:Contributions/LegendOP|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|8
|[[User:Гришин Никита|Гришин Никита]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Гришин Никита|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|9
|[[User:Rycerz Kameliowy|Rycerz Kameliowy]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Rycerz Kameliowy|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Ogudu246|Ogudu246]]
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|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Abdullahi Seeter001|Abdullahi Seeter001]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Abdullahi Seeter001|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|13
|[[User:Nafisat001|Nafisat001]]
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|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Logicistic234|Logicistic234]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Logicistic234|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Fraf|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Deen Ahmad|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Laban kure|Laban kure]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Laban kure|Gudummuwa]]
|Talata, 28 ga Afrilu 2026
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|19
|[[User:Lord vom Ork|Lord vom Ork]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Lord vom Ork|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Skander zarrad|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:AlbrtChan|AlbrtChan]]
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Roanryan|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|25
|[[User:信号ハンマー|信号ハンマー]]
|[[Special:Contributions/信号ハンマー|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:S maps|S maps]]
|[[Special:Contributions/S maps|Gudummuwa]]
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Salisu Amina Tasiu|Salisu Amina Tasiu]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Salisu Amina Tasiu|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Isaacmuscat|Isaacmuscat]]
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Chamaenerion|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|34
|[[User:Tinkaer1991|Tinkaer1991]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Tinkaer1991|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Rhjenkins|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Choi Saseum|Choi Saseum]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Choi Saseum|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:P0pular Ahmad|P0pular Ahmad]]
|[[Special:Contributions/P0pular Ahmad|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:ChristoRobin|ChristoRobin]]
|[[Special:Contributions/ChristoRobin|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Zer0thenumber|Zer0thenumber]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Zer0thenumber|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|40
|[[User:Hadiza muhammad|Hadiza muhammad]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Hadiza muhammad|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[Special:Contributions/Stueymcgill|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:TheGreatCooLite|TheGreatCooLite]]
|[[Special:Contributions/TheGreatCooLite|Gudummuwa]]
|Laraba, 29 ga Afrilu 2026
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|43
|[[User:Syllynqt|Syllynqt]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Syllynqt|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Cooleditmanyescool|Cooleditmanyescool]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Cooleditmanyescool|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Kmchang28|Kmchang28]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Kmchang28|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|46
|[[User:EuphVL|EuphVL]]
|[[Special:Contributions/EuphVL|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|47
|[[User:Nicoleon|Nicoleon]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Nicoleon|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Lollyfge|Lollyfge]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Lollyfge|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|49
|[[User:Necronomicron8|Necronomicron8]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Necronomicron8|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|50
|[[User:Aryan Singh Kalhans|Aryan Singh Kalhans]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Aryan Singh Kalhans|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|51
|[[User:Retreels|Retreels]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Retreels|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|52
|[[User:Alashtar Darazo|Alashtar Darazo]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Alashtar Darazo|Gudummuwa]]
|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|53
|[[User:Serhilxj|Serhilxj]]
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|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|54
|[[User:Di-I-Chiba|Di-I-Chiba]]
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|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|[[User:Kaabeersani|Kaabeersani]]
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|60
|[[User:Infocidal|Infocidal]]
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|Alhamis, 30 ga Afrilu 2026
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|61
|[[User:Adam.Coffey.au|Adam.Coffey.au]]
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|62
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|Jumma'a, 1 ga Mayu 2026
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|[[User:HazelAlbertSheriff|HazelAlbertSheriff]]
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|64
|[[User:Cemkoc|Cemkoc]]
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|65
|[[User:Birthdaydecorations|Birthdaydecorations]]
|[[Special:Contributions/Birthdaydecorations|Gudummuwa]]
|Jumma'a, 1 ga Mayu 2026
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|66
|[[User:Amintu H. S Noma|Amintu H. S Noma]]
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|[[User:Fasanu Omowumi Opeyemi|Fasanu Omowumi Opeyemi]]
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|[[User:Комиссарова Елена Викторовна СПб|Комиссарова Елена Викторовна СПб]]
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|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mathematical notation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="10240" sha1="q4umcdc26ijwywznn3l1u1r1rkmiixf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Sigma summation notation.svg|thumb|notation]]
[[Fayil:Leibniz notation.svg|thumb|leubnez notation]]
[[Fayil:Nuvola apps edu mathematics-p.svg|thumb|mathematical notation]]
Duba Kuma

'''Lissafin lissafi''' shine tsarin wakilcin alamomin abubuwan lissafi da ra'ayoyi. Ana amfani da alamar [[Lissafi|ilimin lissafi]] a cikin lissafi, kimiyyar jiki, injiniya, da tattalin arziki . Bayanan ilimin lissafi sun haɗa da wakilci mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, kamar lambobi 0, 1 da 2.masu canji kamar ''x'', ''y'' da ''z'' .masu ƙuntatawa kamar &quot;(&quot;da ;&quot;|&quot;)alamomin aiki sin ; alamomin aiki kamar &quot; + &quot;; alamomin alaƙa kamar &quot;&lt;&quot;; alamomin ra'ayi kamar lim da &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwFw&quot;&gt;dy/dx&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ; lissafi da hadaddun alamomin zane kamar Bayanin hoto na Penrose da zane -zanen Coxeter -Dynkin .  

== Ma'ana ==
Lissafin lissafi shine tsarin rubutu da ake amfani da shi don yin rikodin tunani a cikin lissafi.

* Sanarwar tana amfani da alamomi ko maganganun alama waɗanda aka yi niyya don samun madaidaicin ma’anar kalma.
* A cikin tarihin lissafi, waɗannan alamomin sun nuna lambobi, sifofi, alamu da canji. Sanarwar na iya haɗawa da alamomi don ɓangarorin maganganun al'ada tsakanin masu ilimin lissafi, lokacin kallon lissafi azaman yare.
[[Fayil:Ar EN-Notation.png|thumb|Mathematical notation]]
An ba da labarin kafofin watsa labarai da aka yi amfani da su don yin rubutu a ƙasa, amma kayan yau da kullun sun haɗa da takarda da fensir, allo da alli (ko alamar bushewa), da kafofin watsa labarai na lantarki. Riko da tsare -tsare ga dabarun ilmin lissafi shine ainihin mahimmancin ilimin lissafi. Don ra'ayoyi masu alaƙa, duba muhawara mai ma'ana, dabaru na lissafi, da ka'idar ƙira.

== Magana ==
Maganar lissafi shine ''jerin'' alamomin da za a iya kimantawa. Misali, idan alamomin suna wakiltar lambobi, to ana kimanta maganganun gwargwadon tsarin aiki na yau da kullun wanda ke ba da lissafi, idan ya yiwu, na kowane maganganu a cikin rakodin, kowane mai ba da labari da tushen sa ya biyo baya, sannan ninkawa da rarrabuwa, a ƙarshe kowane kari ko ragi, duk an yi daga hagu zuwa dama.

A cikin harshen kwamfuta, waɗannan ƙa'idodin ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar masu tarawa . Don ƙarin bayani kan kimanta magana, duba batutuwan kimiyyar kwamfuta : ƙima mai ɗimuwa, ƙima mara ƙima, ƙimar gajeriyar hanya, da mai aikin tantancewa.

== Ma'anar ma'anar kalma daidai ==
Ilimin lissafi na zamani yana buƙatar zama daidai, saboda ƙididdiga masu rikitarwa ba su ba da izinin hujjoji na yau da kullun ba. Yi tsammani cewa muna da kalamai, denoted da wasu m jerin daga alamomin, game da wasu abubuwa (misali, lambobi, siffofi, alamu). Har sai an nuna cewa maganganun suna da inganci, har yanzu ba a warware ma'anar su ba. Yayin aiwatar da tunani, za mu iya bari alamomin su koma ga waɗancan abubuwan da aka nuna, wataƙila a cikin samfuri. Mahimmancin abubuwan abu yana da gefen heuristic da gefen cirewa. A kowane hali, muna iya son sanin kaddarorin wannan abin, wanda zamu iya jera su cikin mahimmin ma'ana.

Waɗannan kadarorin za a iya bayyana su ta wasu sanannun alamomin da aka yarda da su daga tebur na alamomin lissafi. Wannan bayanin lissafin na iya haɗa da annotations kamar

* &quot;All ''x&quot;,'' &quot;A'a ''x&quot;,'' &quot;Akwai wani ''x&quot;'' (ko da kamarsa, &quot;Wasu ''x&quot;),'' &quot;A sa &quot;, &quot;A yi aiki &quot;
* &quot;Taswira daga ainihin lambobi zuwa lambobi masu rikitarwa &quot;
[[Fayil:A History Of Mathematical Notations Vol I - Fig 10.png|thumb|Mathematical notation]]
A cikin mahallin daban -daban, ana iya amfani da alama ɗaya ko alama don wakiltar ra'ayoyi daban -daban (kamar yadda za a iya amfani da alamomi da yawa don wakiltar ra'ayi ɗaya).  Sabili da haka, don cikakken fahimtar wani yanki na lissafin lissafi, yana da mahimmanci a fara duba ma'anar bayanan da marubucin ya bayar. Wannan na iya zama matsala, alal misali, idan marubucin ya ɗauka mai karatu ya riga ya saba da bayanin da ake amfani da shi.

== Tarihi ==
 Asalin

=== Ƙidaya ===
Anyi imanin cewa lissafin lissafi don wakiltar ƙidaya an fara haɓaka shi aƙalla shekaru ta 50,000 da suka gabata &lt;ref&gt;''An Introduction to the History of Mathematics'' (6th Edition) by [[Howard Eves]] (1990) p.9&lt;/ref&gt; - ra'ayoyin lissafi na farko kamar ƙidaya yatsa  suma an wakilta su ta tarin duwatsu, sanduna, kashi, yumɓu, dutse, dutse, itace sassaƙa, da igiyoyi masu ƙulli. Tally stick shine hanyar ƙidaya tun daga Upper Paleolithic . Wataƙila tsoffin sanannun matanin ilimin lissafi sune na tsohuwar Sumerr. A Census Quipu na Andes da Ishango Kashi daga Afirka biyu amfani da Tally lamba Hanyar lissafin kudi don na lamba Concepts.

[[0 (alƙalami)|Haɓaka sifili]] a matsayin lamba yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ci gaba a farkon ilimin lissafi. Babiloniyawa da Masarawa na Girka sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai riƙe da wurin, sannan a matsayin mai lamba ta Mayan, Indiyawa da Larabawa (duba [[0 (alƙalami)|tarihin sifiri]] don ƙarin bayani).

=== Geometry ya zama mai nazari ===
Hanyoyin ilmin lissafi na farko a lissafin lissafi ba su ba da kansu da kyau don ƙidaya ba. Lambobi na halitta, alaƙar su da ɓangarori, da kuma gano adadin ci gaba a zahiri ya ɗauki millennia don ɗaukar tsari, har ma ya fi tsayi don ba da damar haɓaka sanarwa.

A zahiri, ba har sai ƙirƙirar ƙirar lissafi ta René Descartes ne geometry ya zama ƙarƙashin batun adadi.  An yi amfani da wasu gajerun hanyoyin alamomi don dabarun ilmin lissafi a cikin buga hujjojin geometric. Haka kuma, iko da ikon ka'idar geometry da tsarin hujja sun yi tasiri sosai ga rubuce-rubucen da ba na lissafi ba, kamar su Principia Mathematica ta [[Isaac Newton]] misali.

=== Sanarwar zamani ===
Karni na 18 da 19 sun ga ƙirƙirar da daidaita daidaiton ilimin lissafi kamar yadda ake amfani da shi a yau. [[Leonhard Euler]] shine ke da alhakin yawancin sanarwar da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu: amfani da ''a'', ''b'', ''c'' don madaidaiciya da ''x'', ''y'', ''z'' don abubuwan da ba a sani ba, ''e'' don tushen logarithm na halitta, sigma (Σ) don taƙaitawa, ''i'' don sashin hasashe, da bayanin aikin ''f'' ( ''x'' ). Ya kuma ba da sanarwar amfani da π don Archimedes na dindindin (saboda shawarar William Jones don amfani da π ta wannan hanyar dangane da farkon bayanin William Oughtred ).

Bugu da kari, da yawa filayen lissafi kai da bugu na halittawa domin tsarin rubutu: da bambanci sadarwarka na [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]],  da manyan infinities na Georg Cantor (a Bugu da kari ga lemniscate (∞) na John Wallis ) da congruence alama ce (≡ ) Gauss, da sauransu.

=== Bayanan kwamfuta ===
Harsunan alamar lissafin lissafi kamar TeX, LaTeX kuma, kwanan nan, MathML, suna da ƙarfin isa don bayyana fa'idodin lissafi da yawa.

Software na tabbatar da ka’idar yana zuwa da bayanin kansa na lissafi.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2021}} aikin [http://www.omdoc.org/ OMDoc] yana neman samar da buɗaɗɗen wuri don irin waɗannan sanarwa. kuma [https://uniformal.github.io/doc/language/ yaren MMT] yana ba da tushe don ma'amala tsakanin sauran alamun.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=July 2021}}

== Bayanan lissafin lissafi ba na Latin ba ==
Ƙididdigar lissafin larabci na zamani ya dogara ne akan haruffan Larabci kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, musamman a makarantun gaba da sakandare.

(Sanarwar Yammacin Turai tana amfani da adadi na Larabci, amma alamar Larabci kuma tana maye gurbin haruffan Latin da alamomin alaƙa da rubutun Larabci.)

Baya ga rubutun Larabci, lissafi kuma yana amfani da haruffan Girkanci don nuna abubuwa iri -iri na lissafi da masu canji. A wasu lokuta, ana amfani da wasu haruffan [[Ibrananci]] (kamar a cikin mahallin kadina marasa iyaka ). 

Wasu ƙididdigar lissafin lissafi galibi zane -zane ne, don haka kusan rubuce -rubuce ne masu zaman kansu. Misalai sune ƙirar hoto na Penrose da zane -zanen Coxeter -Dynkin .

Bayanan lissafin Braille da makafi ke amfani da su sun haɗa da Nemeth Braille da GS8 Braille .

== Encoding ==
Lambobi don alamar lissafi a cikin ma'aunin sunayen rubutun ISO 15924 sune Zmth  da 995 .

== Duba kuma ==

* Cin zarafin sanarwa
* Begriffsschrift
* Ƙamus na alamomin lissafi
** Bourbaki alamar lanƙwasa mai haɗari
* Tarihin lissafin lissafi
* ISO 31-11
* ISO 80000-2
* Sanarwar kibiya ta Knuth
* Alamomin Alphanumeric Alamu
* Bayanin a yiwuwa da kididdiga
* Harshen lissafi
* Bayanan kimiyya
* Semasiography
* Teburin alamomin lissafi
* Taron haruffa a cikin dabarun lissafi
* Bayanin Vector
* Ƙididdigar lissafin larabci na zamani

== Bayanan kula ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nassoshi ==

* Florian Cajori, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7juWmvQSTvwC&amp;printsec=frontcover ''Tarihin Lissafin Lissafi''] (1929), kundin 2. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-486-67766-4|0-486-67766-4]]
*   &lt;bdi&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation cs2&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIfrah2000&quot;&gt;[[Musamman: LittafinSources/0-471-39340-1|0-471-39340-1]]&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. David Bellos, EF Harding, Sophie Wood da Ian Monk ne suka Fassara daga Faransanci. Ifrah ta goyi bayan tafsirinsa ta hanyar faɗar kalmomin jumla daga harsuna a duk faɗin duniya.
* Mazur, Joseph (2014), [https://books.google.com/books?id=YZLzjwEACAAJ&amp;dq=enlightening+symbols&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=0ahUKEwi_wNvAo_DhAhVOvFkKHW9kAOUQ6AEIMDAB ''Alamomin Haskakawa: Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Lissafin Lissafi da Ƙarfinsa na Boye''] Princeton, [[New Jersey]]: Jami'ar Princeton Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-691-15463-3|978-0-691-15463-3]]

== Hanyoyin waje ==

* [http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html Farkon Amfani da Alamu iri -iri na Lissafi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220073955/http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html |date=2016-02-20 }}
* [http://www.apronus.com/math/mrwmath.htm Lissafin ilimin lissafi ASCII] yadda ake rubuta alamar lissafi a cikin kowane editan rubutu.
* [http://www.cut-the-knot.org/language/index.shtml Lissafi a matsayin Harshe] a yanke-da-kulli
* Stephen Wolfram : [http://www.stephenwolfram.com/publications/mathematical-notation-past-future/ Lissafin Lissafi: Tsohuwa da Gaba] . Oktoba 2000. Rubutun babban adireshin da aka gabatar a MathML da Math akan Yanar gizo: MathML International Conference.


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    <title>Mamarumo Marokane</title>
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'''Mamarumo Marokane''' (an haife ta c. 1997) yar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] tayi suna a harkar Finafinai musamman saboda fitowarta a cikin Shadow da MTV Shuga . Ta kasance mai yawan maimaitawa (Dineo) a Shuga lokacin da jerin suka shiga cikin ƙaramin dare don haskaka lamuran Coronavirus . 'Yan fim ne ke yin fim ɗin ƙaramin shirin kuma labarin [[Tunde Aladese]] ya samo asali ne a Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Kenya da Cote D'Ivoire.

== Mamarumo ==
An haifi Marokane a kusan 1996.  Ta yi karatu a City Varsity School of Media and Creative Arts. Tana iya Turanci, Sepedi da Setswana.&lt;ref name=bit&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mamarumo Marokane|url=http://www.canvascam.co.za/assets/mamarumo-marokane.pdf|last=|first=|date=|website=Canvas CAM|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819100834/http://www.canvascam.co.za/assets/mamarumo-marokane.pdf|archive-date=19 August 2019|access-date=30 April 2020|archivedate=19 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819100834/http://www.canvascam.co.za/assets/mamarumo-marokane.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/celebritytalentbios/Mamarumo+Marokane/438741|title=Biography ofMamarumo Marokanefor Appearances, Speaking Engagements|website=www.allamericanspeakers.com|access-date=2020-04-29}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bbbioiHRGI|title=MTV Shuga: Down South (S2) Mamarumo Marokane talks about her character Dineo|last=|first=|date=3 May 2019|website=YouTube MTV Shuga|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=29 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=cosmo&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/pearl-thusi-rising-stars/|title=Meet the four rising stars Pearl Thusi has dubbed as the next big things|last=Mafu|first=Noxolo|date=2020-02-23|website=Cosmopolitan SA|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-29|archive-date=2020-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502060751/https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/pearl-thusi-rising-stars/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2020-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502060751/https://www.cosmopolitan.co.za/celebrities/pearl-thusi-rising-stars/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mamarumo_Marokane.png|left|thumb| Mamarumo Marokane a cikin ƙaramin jerin mai taken MTV Shuga Kadai Tare Tare a 2020.]]
Marokane ƴar [[Afirka ta Kudu]] ta fito cikin jerin Netflix Shadow  da kuma rawar da ta taka a MTV Shuga inda take taka Dineo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MTV Shuga and ViacomCBS Africa Respond to COVID-19 with &quot;Alone Together&quot; Online Series|url=https://bhmng.com/mtv-shuga-and-viacomcbs-africa-respond-to-covid-19-with-alone-together-online-series/|last=Akabogu|first=Njideka|date=2020-04-16|website=BHM|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Dineo is Mamarumo Marokane (cropped).png|thumb|Mamarumo Marokane]]
A watan Fabrairun 2020 Pearl Thusi na Cosmpolitan na Afirka ta Kudu ya bayyana ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin &quot;taurari masu tasowa&quot; hudu.  Har yanzu tana cikin MTV Shuga ta shiga cikin ƙaramin ƙaramin dare mai taken MTV Shuga Alone Tare tare da nuna matsalolin Coronavirus a ranar 20 ga Afrilu 2020. Za a watsa shirye -shiryen tsawon dare 60 kuma masu mara masa baya sun hada da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] .  Shirin zai kasance a Najeriya, Afirka ta Kudu, Kenya da Cote D'Ivoire kuma za a yi bayanin labarin tare da tattaunawa ta yanar gizo tsakanin haruffa. Duk masu yin fim ɗin za su yi su da kansu  waɗanda suka haɗa da [[Jemima Osunde]], Lerato Walaza, Sthandiwe Kgoroge, [[Uzoamaka Aniunoh]], [[Adebukola Oladipupo]] da [[Mohau Cele]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Every Woman Every Child partners with the MTV Staying Alive Foundation to Tackle COVID-19|url=https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/every-woman-every-child-partners-with-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-to-tackle-covid-19/|date=2020-04-16|website=Every Woman Every Child|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-30|archive-date=2021-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009232045/https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/every-woman-every-child-partners-with-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-to-tackle-covid-19/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009232045/https://www.everywomaneverychild.org/every-woman-every-child-partners-with-the-mtv-staying-alive-foundation-to-tackle-covid-19/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Mata]]
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  <page>
    <title>Makeroom</title>
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'''''Make Room''''' wani fim ne na [[Harshen Hausa|Hausa]] a Najeriya na 2018 wanda ke nuna alaƙar soyayya da neman mafarki wajen fuskantar ta'addanci, Robert Peters ne ya bada umarni kuma Rogers Ofime ya shirya. Fim ɗin ya ƙunshi [[Kannywood|jaruman Kannywood]] da jarumai kamar su Yakubu Muhammed, Sani Muazu, Rekiya Attah da Usman Uzee, wadanda Adams Garba, Asabe Madake, Abba Zakky da Abubakar Maina suka tallafa.&lt;ref name=DT&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://dailytrust.com/make-room-the-hausa-film-targeting-an-oscar |title=Hausa Film Targeting An Oscar |date=September 23, 2017 |last=Liman |first=Bashir |location=Jos |publisher=Daily Trust |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108002753/https://dailytrust.com/make-room-the-hausa-film-targeting-an-oscar |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=YN&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://ynaija.com/robert-peters-new-movie-makeroom-is-about-boko-haram-with-all-the-violence-heres-the-trailer/ |title=Robert Peters’ new movie ‘MakeRoom’ is about Boko Haram with all the violence. Here’s the trailer |date=November 8, 2018 |last=Dayo |first=Bernard |publisher=YNaija |access-date=November 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=N&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.tatisis.com/topicdetail/323 |title=We Spent Over N200M For ‘Make Room’ |publisher=Tatasis |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106063652/https://www.tatisis.com/topicdetail/323 |url-status=dead |archivedate=November 6, 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106063652/https://www.tatisis.com/topicdetail/323 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Shiri ==
Fim ɗin wanda aka yi shi ne a kan ayyukan tada ƙayar baya a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya, ya kunshi 'yan wasan kwana 3,000, da ma'aikata 100 da ma'aikatan shiryawa 100, kuma wurin da aka yi harbin shi ne Ijebu - Miango, karamar hukumar [[Bassa (Plateau)|Bassa]], a [[Plateau (jiha)|jihar Filato]], [[Najeriya]] . An dauki kimanin kwanaki 50 ana gudanar da aikin, inda aka kashe kimanin Naira miliyan 200 zuwa Naira miliyan 300 a matsayin kasafin samar da kayayyaki.&lt;ref name=DT/&gt;&lt;ref name=N/&gt;

== Makirci ==
Bayan da aka yi garkuwa da su tare da wasu ƴan mata 245 daga makarantarta, hazikin matashiya Salma (Asabe Madaki), ‘ya daya tilo ga iyayenta mai shekaru 17 da haihuwa, sauran kuma an mayar da su tare da ƴan ta’addan a sansaninsu. Hakan ya kawo ruɗani ga mafarkinta amma duk da haka, duk da halin da ake ciki yanzu ta tsaya kan burinta na rayuwa. Goni daya daga cikin masu tayar da kayar bayan ta zo a hanya sai su biyun suka yi soyayya, ba da jimawa ba aka yi aure. Yayin da rayuwa ke da wuya, tare da mamaye mutuwa da baƙin ciki, nan da nan masu tayar da kayar baya da masoyansu suka rabu. 

== Yin wasan kwaikwayo ==

* Asabe Madaki as Salma
* Sani Mu'azu a matsayin mahaifin Salma
* Nadia Dutch as Dalia
* Uzee Usman
* [[Yakubu Muhammad]]
* Rekiya Attah
* Adamu Garba
* Asabe Madake
* Abba Zaki
* Abubakar Maina
* Suji Jos
* Sadi Sawaba

== Saki ==
[https://nmdb.tv/make-room-2018/ ''NMDb ta'' ruwaito cewa an fitar da shirin fim din Hausa a watan Maris din 2018.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828125848/http://nmdb.tv/make-room-2018/ |date=2019-08-28 }}

== Yabo ==
An zaɓi fim ɗin a lambar yabo ta 15th Africa Movie Academy Awards a 2019.        Daga cikin naɗin da ta samu akwai:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/amaa-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-the-15th-edition-of-award/m1ppsb7 |title=AMAA 2019: Here are all the winners at the 15th edition of movie award |date=October 27, 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |last=Bada |first=Gbenga |access-date=November 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://tellerafrica.com/amaa-africa-movie-academy-awards-2019/ |title=AMAA: Africa Movie Academy Awards 2019 |date=October 24, 2019 |publisher=Teller Africa |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 19, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119052519/https://tellerafrica.com/amaa-africa-movie-academy-awards-2019/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=November 19, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119052519/https://tellerafrica.com/amaa-africa-movie-academy-awards-2019/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/166e6f93-8463-41e0-b768-3a3abea30756?year=2019 |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards 2019 |publisher=Mubi |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108000908/https://mubi.com/awards-and-festivals/166e6f93-8463-41e0-b768-3a3abea30756?year=2019 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762 |title=AMAA 2019, the nominees {{!}} The ceremony is scheduled on the 27th of October 2019 in Lagos, Nigeria |last=Dia |first=Thierno Ibrahima |date=September 19, 2019 |publisher=Africine |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201114080908/http://africine.org/analyse/amaa-2019-the-nominees/14762 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghgossip.com/african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-releases-full-nominees-ghana-gets-11-nominations/ |title=African Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) Releases Full Nominees- Ghana Gets 11 Nominations |author=GABS |date=December 15, 2019 |publisher=GhGossips |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106063857/https://www.ghgossip.com/african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-releases-full-nominees-ghana-gets-11-nominations/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.theculturenewspaper.com/amaa-returns-to-lagos-for-15th-annual-academy-awards/ |title=AMAA returns to Lagos for 15th Annual Academy Awards |last=Akanbi |first=Yinka |date=October 25, 2019 |publisher=TCN |access-date=November 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://theportcitynews.com/2019/10/28/see-the-full-list-of-amaa-2019-winners/ |title=See The Full List Of AMAA 2019 Winners |date=October 28, 2019 |publisher=TPCN |access-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-date=November 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120050130/https://theportcitynews.com/2019/10/28/see-the-full-list-of-amaa-2019-winners/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=November 20, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120050130/https://theportcitynews.com/2019/10/28/see-the-full-list-of-amaa-2019-winners/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
! Lamarin
! Kyauta
! Mai karɓa
! Sakamako
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2019
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | AMAA
| ''Ousmane Sembene AMAA 2019 Kyauta don Mafi kyawun Fim a cikin Harshen Afirka'' 
|| {{Nom}}
|-
| ''Kyautar AMAA 2019 Don Mafi kyawun Nasara a Gyaran Gyara'' 
|| {{Nom}}
|-
| ''Kyautar AMAA 2019 Don Mafi kyawun Nasara a Tasirin Kayayyakin gani'' 
|| {{Nom}}
|-
| ''Kyautar AMAA 2019 Don Mafi Nasara a Sauti'' 
|| {{Nom}}
|-
| ''AMAA 2019/National Film and Video Cenors Board (NFVCB) Kyauta don Mafi kyawun Fim na Najeriya''
|| {{Nom}}
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://nmdb.tv/make-room-2018/ Yi Daki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828125848/http://nmdb.tv/make-room-2018/ |date=2019-08-28 }} akan NMDb
[[Category:Fina-finai]]
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'''Malaika Tenshi Nnyanzi''' wacce aka fi sani da sunan ta ana fage '''Malaika''' ƴar wasan kwaikwayo ce ƴar [[Uganda]], ƴar jarida, abin ƙira kuma mai salo. An fi saninta da aikinta na rediyo a shirin D'Mighty Breakfast a shirin KFM da Malaika da Oulanya a Capital Fm da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na Veronica's Wish, Bed of Thorns, Honourables da Mela.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Malaika Tenshi's Best Instagram Looks before Veronica's Movie Premier|url=https://lifestyleuganda.com/malaika-tenshis-best-instagram-looks-before-veronicas-wish-movie-premiere/|website=Life Style Uganda|access-date=26 October 2020}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Malaika Nnyanzi on Her Beauty Rules and Why Her Mum is Her Beauty Icon |url=https://satisfashionug.com/malaika-nnyanzi-on-her-beauty-rules-and-why-her-mum-is-her-beauty-icon/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Satisfashion}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==

=== Ado da ƙaww ===
Malaika ta fara sana'ar kwaikwayon ta a [[Nairobi]] Kenya. Ta kuma gudanar da wani kamfani mai sarrafa samfuri tare da abokin tarayya namiji kuma ta baje kolin ayyukansu a wasu abubuwa da suka hada da Sakon Kaya na Swahili. Ta bar Nairobi ta koma Uganda inda ta ci gaba da sana'arta ta samfurin kwaikwayo tare da emceeing kamfanoni da abubuwan nishaɗi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Malaika Nyanzi to sponsor fan for makeup master class |url=https://bigeye.ug/malaika-nyanzi-to-sponsor-fan-for-makeup-master-class/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Big Eye |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222649/https://bigeye.ug/malaika-nyanzi-to-sponsor-fan-for-makeup-master-class/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222649/https://bigeye.ug/malaika-nyanzi-to-sponsor-fan-for-makeup-master-class/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Jakadiyar alama ce ta giya mai zaki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=JL |first1=Mercedes |title=THE TRUTH: Reason Why Malaika Nyanzi Abandoned Urban TV |url=https://enewsuganda.com/truth-reason-malaika-nyanzi-abandoned-urban-tv/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Enews Uganda |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029131735/https://enewsuganda.com/truth-reason-malaika-nyanzi-abandoned-urban-tv/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=29 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029131735/https://enewsuganda.com/truth-reason-malaika-nyanzi-abandoned-urban-tv/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Josh |first1=Ruby |title=Malaika Tenshi Nnyanzi a Fashion Bomb During This Pandemic |url=https://mbu.ug/2020/04/23/malaika-tenshi-nnyanzi-a-fashion-bomb-during-this-pandemic/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Mbu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=MALAIKA NNYANZI WEARS SIX DRESSES AT UGANDA ENTERTAINMENT AWARDS 2017. |url=https://doberre.com/malaika-nnyanzis-different-looks-at-uganda-entertainment-awards-2017/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Doberre }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Style Mania! Meet the fashion foward Malaika Nnyanzi |url=https://campusbee.ug/fashion/campo-fashion/style-mania-meet-fashion-foward-malaika-nnyanzi/ |website=Campus Bee |access-date=26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rediyo da talabijin ===
Yayin da ta koma Uganda daga Kenya, Malaika ta shiga gidan talabijin na Urban na Vision Group a matsayin abokiyar aiki tare da Gaetano Kagwa a wani shirin karin kumallo da safe mai suna Urban Today. Daga baya ta bar Urban Today kuma ta karbi bakuncin Fashionista kafin ta bar gidan talabijin na Urban gaba daya a cikin watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Reason Why Malaika Nnyanzi Resigned From Urban TV |url=https://chano8.com/reason-malaika-nnyanzi-resigned-urban-tv/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Chano8 |archive-date=6 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106214412/https://chano8.com/reason-malaika-nnyanzi-resigned-urban-tv/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=6 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106214412/https://chano8.com/reason-malaika-nnyanzi-resigned-urban-tv/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Kushaba |first1=Dancun |title=Malaika thanks Urban TV |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1441516/malaika-thanks-urban-tv |website=New Vision |access-date=26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Mbaga |first1=Jeff |title=Malaika Nnyanzi to be face of SHOOOOSH! |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/57100-malaika-nnyanzi-to-be-face-of-shoooosh.html |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=The Observer |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029091219/https://observer.ug/lifestyle/57100-malaika-nnyanzi-to-be-face-of-shoooosh.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=UGANDA'S MALAIKA NNYANZI LANDS HERSELF A JOB ON ROCKSTAR 4000 TELEVISION, SHINES AT THE NAMIBIA ANNUAL MUSIC AWARDS 2017. |url=https://digitaldrimzafrica.com/2017/05/02/ugandas-malaika-nnyanzi-lands-herself-a-job-on-rockstar-4000-shines-at-the-namibia-annual-music-awards-2017/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Digital Drimz Africa |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107020801/https://digitaldrimzafrica.com/2017/05/02/ugandas-malaika-nnyanzi-lands-herself-a-job-on-rockstar-4000-shines-at-the-namibia-annual-music-awards-2017/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=7 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107020801/https://digitaldrimzafrica.com/2017/05/02/ugandas-malaika-nnyanzi-lands-herself-a-job-on-rockstar-4000-shines-at-the-namibia-annual-music-awards-2017/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ta kuma shiga tashar nishadantarwa ta Afirka ta Kudu Rockstar Group a matsayin sabuwar fuskar shirin talabijin mai suna SHOOOOSH!   Malaika ta fara aikin rediyo a KFM da ke Kampala a cikin watan Afrilu, shekarar 2017. Ta shirya wani nunin karin kumallo na safe, nunin karin kumallo na D'Mighty tare da Brian Mulondo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Alinda |first1=Alex |title=Malaika Nnyanzi Brian Mulondo Join KFM |url=https://thetowerpost.com/tag/malaika-nnyanzi-brian-mulondo-join-kfm/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=The Tower Post |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104224431/https://thetowerpost.com/tag/malaika-nnyanzi-brian-mulondo-join-kfm/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104224431/https://thetowerpost.com/tag/malaika-nnyanzi-brian-mulondo-join-kfm/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Malaika Nnyanzi, Brian Mulondo take over KFM morning show |url=https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201704/four-one-one/malaika-nnyanzi-brian-mulondo-take-over-kfm-morning-show.html |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Sqoop}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |author1=Isaac |title=KFM's Malaika Nnyanzi Set To Join Capital FM |url=https://chano8.com/kfms-malaika-nnyanzi-set-to-join-capital-fm/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Chano8 |archive-date=4 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222644/https://chano8.com/kfms-malaika-nnyanzi-set-to-join-capital-fm/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=4 November 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104222644/https://chano8.com/kfms-malaika-nnyanzi-set-to-join-capital-fm/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2019, ta bar KFM ta shiga Capital Fm kuma ta fara karɓar bakuncin ''Malaika da Oulanya'' tare da Oulanya Columbus ta maye gurbin Gaetano da Lucky a cikin ramin su na Overdrive.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Josh |first1=Ruby |title=Malaika kicks off her stint at new home with the legendary Oulanya |url=https://mbu.ug/2019/05/05/malaika-kicks-off-her-stint-at-new-home-with-the-legendary-oulanya/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Mbu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Malaika Nyanzi |url=https://capitalradio.co.ug/presenter/malaika-nyanzi/ |website=Capital Radio |access-date=26 October 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029084806/https://capitalradio.co.ug/presenter/malaika-nyanzi/ |url-status=dead |archivedate=29 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029084806/https://capitalradio.co.ug/presenter/malaika-nyanzi/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Yin aiki ===
Malaika ta fara fitowa wasan kwaikwayo ne a cikin fim ɗin wasan kwaikwayo na [[Nisha Kalema]] na shekarar 2018, Veronica's Wish tana taka rawa a matsayin Bankia. Ta karɓi naɗi biyu don rawar a cikin Mafi kyawun Tallafin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 2018, Uganda Film Festival Awards da ZAFAA Global Awards a shekarar 2019. Daga nan aka jefa ta a matsayin jagorar Stella a cikin wani fim na shekarar 2019, Eleanor Nabwiso ya ba da umarni ga Bed of Thorns . Don wannan rawar, an zaɓi Malaika kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Mafi kyawun Jaruma a Kyautar Fina- Finan Uganda na shekarar 2019.  Hakanan an jefa ta a matsayin Mela Katende a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali na [[Nana Kagga]] Mela kuma ta shiga The Honourables a shekara ta 2019 a matsayin babban memba.

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Malaika Malaika Nnyanzi ga iyayen Uganda a Nairobi Kenya, inda mahaifinta, tsohon sojan Uganda ya yi gudun hijira. Iyalinta sun koma Uganda suka zauna a Kampala. Ta yi makaranta a Safari Kindergarten, Kampala Parents School, Gayaza High School da Makerere College kafin ta dawo Kenya inda ta kammala digirin farko a fannin kasuwanci na ƙasa da ƙasa a Jami’ar Amurka International University Africa da ke Nairobi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Nantaba |first1=Agnes |title=Malaika Nnyanzi on lessons from her mother |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/malaika-nnyanzi-lessons-mother/#:~:text=Kampala%2C%20Uganda%20%7C%20AGNES%20NANTABA%20%7C,with%20Brian%20Mulondo%20on%20KFM. |website=The Independent |access-date=26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekara ta 2018, yayin wata hira da Crystal Newman a kan shirinta na ''Crystal 1 A ranar 1'', Malaika ta fito a matsayin mai ciwon farfadiya kuma a matsayin wanda abokin aikinta ya yi wa fyadye saboda ciwon farfaɗiya, wani abu da ta ɓoye a sirri fiye da shekaru goma kuma ya haifar da damuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=I LOST EVERYTHING I HAD IN KENYA. MALAIKA ON CRYSTAL 1 ON 1 [ OCTOBER 20TH 2018 ] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q794_3o5w04 |website=Youtube |publisher=Crystal Newman |access-date=26 October 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Malaika Tenshi Opens Up About Her Battle With Depression |url=https://www.crystalnewman.com/blog/crystal-newman-hosts-malaika-tenshi-crystal-1-on-1 |access-date=26 October 2020 |agency=Crystal Newman |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029100243/https://www.crystalnewman.com/blog/crystal-newman-hosts-malaika-tenshi-crystal-1-on-1 |url-status=dead |archivedate=29 October 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029100243/https://www.crystalnewman.com/blog/crystal-newman-hosts-malaika-tenshi-crystal-1-on-1 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Magana ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* {{IMDb name|nm10537099}}
[[Category:Mutanen Uganda]]
[[Category:Ƴan Fim]]</text>
      <sha1>3cpun6pbsyhc67kgca0cwqwysklisws</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:El-hussain14</title>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hussaini Mohammed Inusa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hussaini Mohammed Inusa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 24 Disamba 2021 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2022 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentysecond newsletter, covering December 2022. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* January 15: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|Online user group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 15)
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2022/11/28/museology-myosotis-and-metadata-oh-my-sharing-sustainably-in-wikipedia/ Museology, Myosotis, and metadata oh my! Sharing sustainably in Wikipedia] (SDG 15)

'''Resources'''
* New Book: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1 Open Mapping Towards Sustainable Development Goals] (SDG all)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t66i3ztg-1E&amp;t=1717s Margaret Donald - Wikidata, OpenRefine &amp; Biota] (SDG 15)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_alismatid_families|List of alismatid families]] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11231|has biological vector]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11272|Bureau of Meteorology location ID]] (SDG 13)
* [[d:Property:P11277|CIViC gene ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11281|Biographical Dictionary of the Australian Senate ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11282|Tanzania Parliament member ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11311|Lygaeoidea Species File ID]] (SDG 15)

This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 14:37, 1 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentythird newsletter, covering January 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|19 February - User group meeting]] (SDG all) 
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230115|15 January - User group meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Plants|Wiki Loves Plants]] (SDG 14)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/Dunedin_5|The 2023 Bug of the Year Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://dicare.toolforge.org/lexemes/challenge.php?id=74 Lexeme challenge Urology] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Veckans_tävling/Grodor_versus_ödlor|Swedish Wikipedia weekly challenge - Frogs versus lizards]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December_2022/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Three_hundred_episodes_of_Critter_of_the_Week|Three hundred episodes of Critter of the Week]] (SDG 14)
* Past: [https://zenodo.org/record/7521891#.Y9p6MdLMKw4 Wikidata Queries around the SARS-CoV-2 virus and pandemic] (SDG 3)
* Past: [[m:Women_in_Climate_Change_2022|Women in Climate Change 2022]] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/05/the-stories-behind-the-wiki-loves-earth-2022-photos-from-turkiye/ The stories behind the Wiki Loves Earth 2022 photos from Türkiye] (SDG 14)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/05/announcing-our-funding-support-from-the-patient-centered-outcomes-research-institute-pcori/ Announcing our funding support from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI)] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/01/04/jumping-for-science-how-wikipedia-assignments-inspire-stem-students/ Jumping for science: how Wikipedia assignments inspire STEM students] (SDG 14)
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Birds_of_NYC_Photo_Contest/Winners|Birds of NYC Photo Contest Winners announced!]] (SDG 14)
* [https://anchor.fm/civichackerpodcast/episodes/Using-Wikidata-to-Connect-Constituents-With-Their-Government-e1or922 Using Wikidata to Connect Constituents With Their Government] (SDG 16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/23/wiki-loves-earth-2022-presents-the-winners-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment/ Wiki Loves Earth 2022 presents the winners of the special nomination “Human rights and environment”!] (SDG 10 &amp; 14) 
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/01/19/equity-diversity-inclusion-in-affiliate-governance/ Equity, diversity &amp; inclusion in affiliate governance] (SDG 5 &amp; 10)

'''Resources'''
* [https://www.databricks.com/blog/2023/01/26/building-life-sciences-knowledge-graph-data-lake.htmlBuilding a Life Sciences Knowledge Graph with a Data Lake] (SDG 3)

'''Videos'''
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HW6YxXRL18 Editor uses Wikidata to find new uses for existing drugs and speed up approval process for new treatments] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:WikiForHumanRights_Information_Session_2023.webm|WikiForHumanRights Information Session]] (SDG 10)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_birds_of_Tuvalu|List of birds of Tuvalu]] (SDG 14) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Laos|List of World Heritage Sites in Laos]] (SDG 11) 
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh|List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh]] (SDG 11)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11429|NIP]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11402|NSR doctor ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:/Property:P11430|UniProt disease ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11446|Strazha ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11500|United States House of Representatives ID]] (SDG 16)
&lt;/div&gt;
This message was sent with [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery]] by [[m:User:Ainali|Ainali]] ([[m:User talk:Ainali|talk]]) 16:25, 1 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) •  [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Newsletter|Contribute]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development newsletter|Manage subscription]]
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== Request for filling up Google Form for Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg | logo.svg|right|frameless|300px]]
Greetings Organisers,

We appreciate your enthusiasm for '''Feminism and Folklore''' and your initiative in setting up the competition on your local wikipedia. We would want to learn more about the needs of your community and for that please fill out the google form ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScusayFXTzNWV-QgIiT3bRHQbAs_pVczvput2jehOcahnCdMg/viewform here]) as soon as possible so that we can plan and adapt the demands according to your specifications. By February 8, 2023, all entries for this form will be closed. Do share about the contest on your local Wikipedia. Ask your local administrator to add Feminism and Folklore to [[Mediawiki:Sitenotice]]. Create your own or see an example [[:m:User:Tiven2240/sn-fnf|on meta]]

Also a reminder regarding the prior Google form sent for Internet and Childcare Support Financial Aid ([https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this]). Anyone who hasn't already filled it out has until February 5, 2023 to do so.

Feel free to contact us via talkpage if you have any questions or concerns.

Thanks and Regards, 

Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team

--[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] ([[User talk:Tiven2240|talk]]) 17:22, 5 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC)

== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfourth newsletter, covering February 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 3, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16&lt;!-- insert related SDGs here --&gt;.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
'''Meetings'''
* [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|2023-03-05 User group meeting]] (SDG all)
* [[m:2023-03-19 User group meeting|Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[wikimania:2023:Program/Submissions|Suggest &quot;Environmental sustainability and climate crisis&quot; topics for Wikimania]] (SDG all)
* Ongoing: [[m:Africa_Environment|Africa Environment WikiFocus]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [https://www.eventbrite.com/x/edit-for-climate-change-wikipedia-editathon-registration-526291811977 Edit for Climate Change: Wikipedia Editathon] (SDG 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|Capacity Building Sessions on &quot;Tools for Finding the Right Articles&quot; and &quot;Building Article List with Petscan&quot;]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Past: WikiForHumanRights 2023 Campaign: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Resources|Regional Office Hours for Africa and Maghreb Regions]] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)

'''News'''
* [https://observablehq.com/@thadk/garden NCBI breakdown of common garden foods with photographs by Phytotheca] (SDG 2)

'''Resources'''
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Sweden_report|3000 Arctic images]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January_2023/Contents/Content_Partnerships_Hub_report|SMART-Servier Medical Art upload]] (SDG 3)

'''Research'''
* [https://fosdem.org/2023/schedule/event/sustainability/ Open Source in Environmental Sustainability] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11576|Norwegian war prisoner detention camp ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11587|Iowa legislator ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11610|National Grid Balancing Mechanism unit ID]] (SDG 7)

'''Wikidata query examples'''
* [https://w.wiki/5Vu8 Map of disasters by type] (SDG 11)

'''Featured articles'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:South_Asian_river_dolphin|South Asian river dolphin]] (SDG 14)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Sri_Lanka|List of World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka]] (SDG 11)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_lamiid_families|List of lamiid families]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
File:%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96.jpg|Three horses (SDG 15)
File:Hunter_baby_chameleon.jpg|Hunter baby chameleon (SDG 15)
File:Rice_paper_butterfly_%2816709%29.jpg|Rice paper butterfly (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28top_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (top view) (SDG 15)
File:Lasiocampa_quercus_4th_instar_caterpillar_Keila_%28side_view%29.jpg|Lasiocampa quercus 4th instar caterpillar Keila (side view).jpg (SDG 15)
File:Mockingbird_on_the_North_Lake_Trail_%2836851%29.jpg|Mockingbird on the North Lake Trail (SDG 15)
File:Striated_Pardalote_0012.jpg|Striated Pardalote (SDG 15)
File:Kleines_Wiesenv%C3%B6gelchen_am_Morgen.jpg|Wiesenvögelchen (SDG 15)
File:Immature_herring_gull_%2816259%29.jpg|Herring gull (SDG 15)
File:Northern_shoveler_male_in_Marine_Park_%2833296%29.jpg|Northern shoveler (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twentyfifth newsletter, covering March 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 5, 10, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Next_meeting|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/Meeting_minutes_20230305|User group meeting 2023-03-05]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/30/join-the-wikiforhumanrights-campaign-and-contribute-knowledge-that-connects-human-rights-with-solutions-for-a-sustainable-future/ WikiForHumanRights] (SDG 10 &amp; 13)
* Upcoming: April 19 - [[m:Translat-a-thon/NYC/2023|LaGuardia Community College Earth Day Translatathon with Casa de las Américas NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 22 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_2023_Bushwick|Earth Day 2023 Edit-a-thon Environment of Brooklyn Focus with Sure We Can]] (SDG 13)
* Upcoming: April 23 - [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/NYC/Earth_Day_Wiknic|Earth Day Wiknic NYC]] (SDG 13)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/WMF_GLAM_report|Gender and culture related event to test image suggestions on Wikipedia]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Feminism_and_Folklore_2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[m:Edit_a_thon/artfeminism-edit-a-thon-for-nigerian-female-artists-2023|Art+Feminism edit-a-thon for Nigerian female artists]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/08/putting-our-energy-into-wikipedia-as-climate-action/ Putting our energy into Wikipedia as climate action] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/07/how-artfeminism-is-using-wikipedia-to-promote-equity-in-the-art-world/ How Art+Feminism is using Wikipedia to promote equity in the art world] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/New_Zealand_report|Biodiversity Heritage Library and Wikidata]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February_2023/Contents/USA_report|Black history month and more]] (SDG 10)
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2023/03/14/women-do-news-tackling-the-gender-divide-in-journalism-through-wikipedia/ Women Do News: Tackling the Gender Divide in Journalism Through Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/17/wiki-loves-earth-2023-is-starting/ Wiki Loves Earth 2023 is starting!] (SDG 15)
* [https://medium.com/@openheritagefoundation/the-quest-to-close-the-gender-gap-on-wikipedia-continues-five-year-anniversary-with-feminism-ebd7a3b3185e The Quest to Close the Gender Gap on Wikipedia Continues; Five-Year Anniversary with Feminism &amp; Folklore] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/03/28/wikigap-malaysia-2023-empowering-women-in-indigenous-languages/ WikiGap Malaysia 2023: Empowering women in indigenous languages] (SDG 5)
* [https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/climate-crisis/wikipedia-has-a-climatetech-problem Wikipedia has a climatetech problem] (SDG 13)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11623|NCI Drug Dictionary ID]] (SDG 3)
* [[d:Property:P11649|Malaysia Federal Legislation act ID]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11650|Moscow University Herbarium ID]] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Property:P11666|Norwegian Petroleum Directorate field ID]] (SDG 13)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_Saxifragales_families|List of Saxifragales families]] (SDG 15)
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:Red-throated_wryneck|Red-throated wryneck]] (SDG 15)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Ourapteryx_yerburii_ssp._specimens_and_male_genitalia.jpg|Ourapteryx yerburii ssp. specimens and male genitalia (SDG 15)
Pterophorus_pentadactyla_-_Keila.jpg|Pterophorus pentadactyla (SDG 15)
Wood_duck_drake_%2886815%29.jpg|Wood duck drake (SDG 15)
Cardinal_%2886755%29.jpg|Cardinal (SDG 15)
Bunten_Kronwicke_%28Securigera_varia%29_Bl%C3%BCte-20200626-RM-173640.jpg|Bunten Kronwicke (Securigera varia) (SDG 15)
Neubrunn_Steinbruch_Blutrote_Heidelibelle_%28Sympetrum_sanguineum%29_8262082.jpg|Sympetrum sanguineum (SDG 15)
Boerenkrokus_%28Crocus_tommasinianus%29_28-02-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Crocus tommasinianus (SDG 15)
Papaya_-_longitudinal_section_close-up_view.jpg|Papaya - longitudinal section close-up view (SDG 15)
Aphantopus_hyperantus_-_Keila.jpg|Aphantopus hyperantus (SDG 15)
Australian_Zebra_Finch_0A2A3013.jpg|Australian Zebra Finch (SDG 15)
Melospiza_melodia_JRVdH_03.jpg|Melospiza melodia (SDG 15)
Roadside_hawk_%28Rupornis_magnirostris_griseocauda%29_eating_speckled_racer_%28Drymobius_margaritiferus%29_Orange_Walk.jpg|Roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda) eating speckled racer (Drymobius margaritiferus) (SDG 15)
Black_iguana_%28Ctenosaura_similis%29_Cayo.jpg|Black iguana (Ctenosaura similis) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28side_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (side view) (SDG 15)
Cerastis_rubricosa_caterpillar_%28dorsal_view%29_-_Keila.jpg|Cerastis rubricosa caterpillar (dorsal view) (SDG 15)
Fr%C3%BChlings-Knotenblume_%28Leucojum_vernum%29-20230220-RM-161056.jpg|Frühlings-Knotenblume (Leucojum vernum) (SDG 15)
Ocellated_turkey_%28Meleagris_ocellata%29_male_Peten.jpg|Ocellated turkey (Meleagris ocellata) male (SDG 15)
Geoffroy%27s_spider_monkey_%28Ateles_geoffroyi_yucatanensis%29_Peten_2.jpg|Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi yucatanensis) (SDG 15)
Bessen_van_een_Ophiopogon_planiscapus_%27Niger%27._28-02-2023._%28d.j.b%29.jpg|Ophiopogon planiscapus (SDG 15)
Protaetic_cuprea_ignicollis_2023-03-22_IZE-066.jpg|Protaetic cuprea ignicollis (SDG 15)
Monarch_butterflies_%28Danaus_plexippus_plexippus%29_Piedra_Herrada_2.jpg|Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) (SDG 15)
Cepaea_nemoralis_Paarung-20230314-RM-110511.jpg|Cepaea nemoralis (SDG 15)
Wiesen_Pippau_%28Crepis_biennis%29-20220624-RM-123950.jpg|Crepis biennis (SDG 15)
Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) Cayo.jpg|Keel-billed toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus) on foxtail palm (Wodyetia bifurcata) (SDG 15)
Trifolium_spadiceum_-_Niitv%C3%A4lja.jpg|Trifolium spadiceum (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-sixth newsletter, covering April 2023. This issue has news related to SDGs 2, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

'''Meetings'''
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting 2023-05-07]] (SDG all)
* Past: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20230402|User group meeting 2023-04-02]] (SDG all)

'''Activities'''
* Ongoing: [[m:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development/365_climate_edits|365 climate edits]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_the_Challenge|WikiForHumanRights 2023 International Writing Contest]] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Join_Community_Events|WikiForHumanRights 2023 local community events]] (SDG 13, 15, 14, 6)
* Ongoing: [[m:Wiki_Climate_Campus_Tour_Nigeria|WikiCampusTourNigeria Project]] (SDG 6, 13, 14, 15)
* Upcoming (and past): [[w:sv:Wikipedia:Skrivstuga/Kvinnor,_arkitektur_och_design|Women, architecture and design]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Albania_report|WikiGap Tirana 2023, Albania]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|BBC 100 women editathon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Kosovo_report|WikiGAP in Prishtina]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Switzerland_report|15 Days of French women writers]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Meetup/DC/TSU_USF_Women%27s_History_Month_Wikipedia_Edit-a-thon|TSU USF Women's History Month Wikipedia Edit-a-thon]] (SDG 5)
* Past: [[w:en:Wikipedia:WikiProject_Smithsonian_AWHI/Meetup/Crafting_a_Better_Wikipedia:_Women_of_Color_in_the_Renwick_Gallery|Crafting a Better Wikipedia: Women of Color in the Renwick Gallery]] (SDG 5)

'''News'''
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/07/tuswug-s2e2-women-in-wiki/ TUSWUG S2E2: Women in Wiki] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/13/inaugural-edition-of-the-organizer-lab-awards-6-community-grants/ Inaugural edition of the organizer lab awards – 6 community grants] (SDG 5 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2023/03/29/bolstering-womens-voices-and-histories-on-wikipedia/ Bolstering women’s voices and histories on Wikipedia] (SDG 5)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March_2023/Contents/Brazil_report|A huge upload for biologists]] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycPPBhuQPhs&amp;ab_channel=WikimediaFoundation WikiForHumanRights 2023 Launch Webinar] (SDG 13, 14, 6)
* [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|WikiForHumanRights 2023 and WMF Human Rights Team Online Safety Capacity Building for Organizers]] (SDG 13)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLBSSlrI2vo WikiForHummanRights 2023 and Let's Connect Capacity building on good practices for retention] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/living-through-a-triple-planetary-emergency-capturing-the-most-impactful-knowledge-to-weather-the-storm/ Living through a Triple Planetary Emergency: Capturing the Most Impactful Knowledge to Weather the Storm] (SDG 10 &amp; SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2023/04/20/wikimedia-foundation-environmental-sustainability-report-for-2022/ Wikimedia Foundation Environmental Sustainability Report for 2022] (SDG 13)
* [[:File:Wikimedia_h%C3%A5llbarhetsrapport_2022.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige sustainability report 2022]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)

'''Research'''
* [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12964 Hypotheses in urban ecology: building a common knowledge base] (SDG 15)

'''New Wikidata properties'''
* [[d:Property:P11698|student retention rate]] (SDG 4)
* [[d:Property:P11704|INEP ID]] (SDG 4) [51]
* [[d:Property:P11729|Kulturenvanteri.com ID]] (SDG 11)
* [[d:Property:P11747|holds diplomatic passport of]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Property:P11741|SINTA affiliation ID]] (SDG 4)

'''Featured content'''
* English Wikipedia: [[w:en:List_of_afrosoricids|List of afrosoricids]] (SDG 15)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;gallery mode=packed caption=&quot;Featured images&quot;&gt;
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Leptura_quadrifasciata_female_-_Keila.jpg|Leptura quadrifasciata (SDG 15)
Bursa_lamarckii_01.jpg|Bursa lamarckii (SDG 15)
Scarlet_macaw_%28Ara_macao_cyanopterus%29_head_Copan.jpg|Ara macao cyanopterus (SDG 15)
Western_Bowerbird_0A2A0436.jpg|Chlamydera guttata (SDG 15)
White-breasted_nuthatch_%2826471%29.jpg|Sitta carolinensis (SDG 15)
Patzmannsdorf_-_K%C3%BCrbisfeld_mit_Pfarrkirche_und_Raiffeisen-Silo_in_Stronsdorf.jpg|Pumpkin field (SDG 2)
Cinnamon-bellied_flowerpiercer_%28Diglossa_baritula%29_male_on_Indian_shot_%28Canna_indica%29_Finca_El_Pilar.jpg|Diglossa baritula &amp; Canna indica (SDG 15)
Knoppen_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer_platanoides%29._03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer platanoides (SDG 15)
Cinnamon_hummingbird_%28Amazilia_rutila%29_in_flight_Los_Tarrales.jpg|Amazilia rutila (SDG 15)
Passion_fruits_-_whole_and_halved.jpg|Passiflora edulis (SDG 15)
Golden-fronted_%28Velasquez%27s%29_woodpecker_%28Melanerpes_aurifrons%29_male_Copan.jpg|Melanerpes aurifrons (SDG 15)
Argiope_spider_female_adult_on_her_web_dorsal_view_black_background_Don_Det_Laos.jpg|Argiope versicolor (SDG 15)
Daslook._Allium_ursinum%2C_zwellende_bloemknop._18-04-2022_%28actm.%29_04.jpg|Allium ursinum (SDG 15)
Fallen_leaf_of_Platanus_x_hispanica_%281%29.jpg|Platanus x hispanica (SDG 15)
Thymelicus_lineola_underside_-_Keila.jpg|Thymelicus lineola (SDG 15)
Japanse_esdoorn_%28Acer_palmatum%29_03-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29.jpg|Acer palmatum (SDG 15) [38]
Common_kestrel_%28Falco_tinnunculus%29_female_%28IMGP1648r2-DNA%29.jpg|Falco tinnunculus (SDG 15) [39]
California_sea_lion_nap_time_in_La_Jolla_%2870474%29.jpg|Zalophus californianus (SDG 15) [40]
Bladknop_van_een_esdoorn_%28Acer%29._13-04-2023_%28d.j.b.%29_01.jpg|Acer pseudoplatanus (SDG 15)
Tamarind_fruits_%28Tamarindus_indica_%27Si_Thong%27%29.jpg|Tamarindus indica (SDG 15)
White_leucistic_squirrel_with_a_peanut_%2885668%29.jpg|Sciurus carolinensis (SDG 15) [43]
Fork-tailed_flycatcher_%28Tyrannus_savana_monachus%29_in_flight_Cayo.jpg|Tyrannus savana monachus (SDG 15)
Rapa_incurva_01.jpg|Rapa incurva (SDG 15)
Arboreal_stingless_bee_nest_%28Trigona_sp.%29_Flores.jpg|Trigona sp. (SDG 15)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - Local prize winners ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:please-translate}}''

Congratulations on your remarkable achievement of winning a local prize in the '''Feminism and Folklore 2023''' writing competition! We greatly appreciate your valuable contribution and the effort you put into documenting your local Folk culture and Women on Wikipedia. To ensure you receive your prize, please take a moment to complete the preferences form before the 1st of July 2023. You can access the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdWlxDwI6UgtPXPfjQTbVjgnAYUMSYqShA5kEe4P4N5zwxaEw/viewform?usp=sf_link by clicking here]. We kindly request you to submit the form before the deadline to avoid any potential disappointments.

If you have any questions or require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us via talkpage or Email. We are more than happy to help.

Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|FNF 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:47, 10 ga Yuni, 2023 (UTC)
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== Feminism and Folklore 2023 - A Heartfelt Appreciation for Your Impactful Contribution! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|center|500px]]

{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikimedian,

We extend our sincerest gratitude to you for making an extraordinary impact in the '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition. Your remarkable dedication and efforts have been instrumental in bridging cultural and gender gaps on Wikipedia. We are truly grateful for the time and energy you've invested in this endeavor.

As a token of our deep appreciation, we'd love to send you a special postcard. It serves as a small gesture to convey our immense thanks for your involvement in the competition. To ensure you receive this token of appreciation, kindly fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeXZaej264LOTM0WQBq9QiGGAC1SWg_pbPByD7gp3sC4j7VKQ/viewform this form] by August 15th, 2023.

Looking ahead, we are thrilled to announce that we'll be hosting Feminism and Folklore in 2024. We eagerly await your presence in the upcoming year as we continue our journey to empower and foster inclusivity.

Once again, thank you for being an essential part of our mission to promote feminism and preserve folklore on Wikipedia.

With warm regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Team'''.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:37, 25 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2023 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-seventh newsletter, a sort of year-in-review for 2023.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

Dear Wikimedians for Sustainable Development,

As we bid farewell to 2023, we reflect on a year that has been an uneven year for our user group. While the journey has been marked by some truly inspiring events, most of our efforts have been largely uncoordinated and the user group hasn't been the support it could have been. Yet, there's a glimmer of hope and a world of potential for 2024.

'''Highlights of 2023:'''

;Newsletters Galore: We kicked off the year with zeal, sharing updates and inspiration through four newsletters. The number of things happening in the movement is astounding, but we need to rethink the format of the newsletter going into the next year.

;Growing Strong: The Wikimedians for Sustainable Development family welcomed 33 new members in 2023. Your passion and dedication continue to inspire us, and we look forward to nurturing this community spirit in the year ahead.

;Wikimania Talks: Our voices echoed far and wide at Wikimania, where several members of our community took the virtual stage to share insights and ideas about everything from Wikipedians-in-Residence's to open data. Your contributions showcased our commitment to sustainable development on a global scale.

;Content Creation Magic: Throughout the year, our extended community demonstrated incredible dedication to expanding the knowledge base on Wikipedia. Countless hours were spent creating and curating content that aligns with our mission, contributing to a more sustainable digital ecosystem.

;Campaigning hard: We saw a large variety of campaigns, from writing challenges to editathons. The willingness to experiment with new formats and partners, as well as learning from past efforts, shows great promise for the future.

'''Acknowledging Challenges:'''

While we celebrate these achievements, we acknowledge that 2023 presented its fair share of challenges. A lack of global coordination reminded us that the road to sustainable development is not always linear. However, it is precisely these challenges that fuel our determination to work together more cohesively in the coming year and proof that the user group is needed.

'''Hopeful Anticipation for 2024:'''

As we turn the page to 2024, let's carry forward the lessons learned and the successes celebrated. We are optimistic that, with renewed energy and a collective commitment, we will overcome obstacles and create an even more impactful and connected Wikimedians for Sustainable Development community.

Here's to a year of collaboration, growth, and making a lasting impact on the world through our shared passion for sustainability. Together, we can turn challenges into opportunities and pave the way for a brighter future.

Wishing you all a joyous holiday season and a Happy New Year!

Warm regards,
[[m:User:Ainali|User:Ainali]], [[m:User:Daniel Mietchen|User:Daniel Mietchen]]

PS. We have started writing [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|our yearly report]], please add your activities to it.

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-eighth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* We have submitted our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2023|2023 annual report]].
* Upcoming meeting: on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|9 February]], we'll have a call about roles and responsibilities in the user group. This is an attempt to make more opportunities to engage more of the user groups members in its activities. If you want to help out in some way, but don't know how, this is a meeting for you to get help creating that opportunity. If you know how you would like to help, but don't know how to get started, this is also the meeting for you.

; Other news
* New Wikiproject for Climate Change on Basque Wikipedia: [[:eu:Wikiproiektu:Klima aldaketa|Wikiproiektu Klima Aldaketa]]
* Climate Justice, Digital Rights and Indigenous Voices international Wikimedia event in Huaraz, Peru 2024: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeDIuZQ61v35y3Q293ZV9YjNWOHsgwvq3t2XjP2cQ0OHG-EPA/viewform Engagement Survey] (closes 2 Feb)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our twenty-ninth newsletter.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* On 9 February, we had a user group meeting on roles and responsibilities ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240209|minutes]])
* Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 17 March]]

; Other news
* Wiki Loves Earth: Reminder that if you want to [[c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Earth_2024/Organise|organize a local competition]], it is time to get started. (SDG 15 and 14)
* Wiki for Human Rights: Reminder that if you would like to [[m:WikiForHumanRights/Organize|organize a local event]], there is support available. (SDG 10) 
* Study: [https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/650852934/Meier_Wiki_Climate.pdf Using Wikipedia Pageview Data to Investigate Public Interest in Climate Change at a Global Scale] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtieth newsletter covering March and April 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* * Upcoming [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|user group meeting 19 May]]

; Other news
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/2024-03-29/Recent_research#Other_recent_publications|Wikipedia Signpost highlighted five papers about climate change editing]]. (SDG 13)
* On Wikidata, [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|a model for documenting green house gas emissions]] has been created. (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/EPA_Victoria_WiR_April_2024_Update An update] from the Wikipedian in Residence at the  Environment Protection Authority in Victoria, Australia.
* WikiAcción Perú organized a training session: &quot;[[m:Volunteer Supporters Network/VSN Training: Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement|Climate Change Actions and Wikimedia Movement]]&quot; (SDG 13)
* WikiForHumanRights organized a session: &quot;[[m:Event:Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage|Adding Sustainability Perspectives to Wikivoyage]]&quot;

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, starts in May. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [[m:Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region|Wiki For Climate Change 2024 - Maghreb region]] starts in May.  (SDG 13)

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== Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia,

Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC.

Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a.

Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]].

Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki.

A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtyfirst newsletter, covering May 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 13, 14 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
* Upcoming: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]], 16 June
* [[m:Talk:Wikimedians_for_Sustainable_Development#Mini_report_from_the_Wikimedia_Summit_2024|Mini report from the Wikimedia Summit 2024]]
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/jan-ainali-wikimedians-for-sustainable-development-wikimedia-summit-2024-265/ User group representative interviewed by Wikipediapodden] at Wikimedia Summit ([[:File:WP265 - Jan Ainali, Wikimedians for Sustainable Development, Wikimedia Summit 2024.mp3|commons]])
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240519|Minutes from user group meeting in May]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/05/02/reflecting-_women-for-sustainability-africa-arts-feminism-her-voice-campaign-2023/ Reflecting _Women For Sustainability Africa Arts + Feminism #Her Voice Campaign 2023]
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Macedonia report: Climate change and GLAM]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library April monthly highlights]] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d44148-024-00166-y WikiProject Biodiversity featured in Nature Africa] (SDG 14 &amp; 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fFWS7hfetZk Wikimedia UK releases a video about their climate focus] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2024|Wiki Loves Earth]], the international photo contest of protected nature, continues in some countries. (SDG 14 &amp; 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirtysecond newsletter, covering June 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 3, 13, 14, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Movement Charter Vote|User group vote on the adoption of the Movement Charter]] (closes 7 July 23.59 UTC)
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming user group meeting]] 21 July
* User group meeting held in June - [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240616|minutes]]
* The group was featured in the latest WikiAfrica Hour: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B6VI20qopk #36: Does the Wikimedia movement contribute to the SDGs?]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/stories-from-the-anti-disinformation-repository-how-wikiproject-covid-19-and-other-wikimedia-initiatives-counter-health-disinformation/ Stories from the anti-disinformation repository: How WikiProject COVID-19 and other Wikimedia initiatives counter health disinformation] (SDG 3)
* [https://wikimedia.org.au/wiki/Environment_Centre_NT_Wikipedian_in_Residence Environment Centre Northern Territory Wikipedian in Residence] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.gp.se/debatt/med-ai-kan-vi-oka-transparensen-om-foretagens-klimatavtryck.2dd4e006-57e3-4534-a0be-70ca56a289e4 With AI can we increase transparency of companies' carbon footprints] (in Swedish). Op-ed that mentions that the greenhouse gas emissions of the top 150 companies on the Stockholm stock exchange has been uploaded to Wikidata. The model is documented on [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_Climate_Change/Models#Emissions|WikiProject Climate Change on Wikidata]]. (SDG 13)
* [[wmfblog:2024/06/25/another-year-in-review-where-is-wikimedia-in-the-climate-crisis-seeing-the-impact-of-wikimedia-projects/|Another Year in Review: Where is Wikimedia in the Climate Crisis? Seeing the impact of Wikimedia Projects]] (SDG 13)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/06/24/46-scholars-self-advocates-bring-knowledge-to-wikipedias-disability-healthcare-content/ 46 scholars, self-advocates bring knowledge to Wikipedia’s disability healthcare content] (SDG 3)
* [[c:File:Wikimedia klimatpåverkansrapport 2023.pdf|Wikimedia Sverige publishes their 2023 climate impact report]] (in Swedish) (SDG 13)
* WikiProject Govdirectory has started [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Govdirectory/Weekly collaboration|weekly collaboration on countries]] (SDG 16)

; Events
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/06/18/wikimedia-chapters-and-groups-organise-the-first-sharks-and-rays-wikimarathon/ Wikimedia chapters and groups organise the first Sharks and Rays Wikimarathon] (29 June, but edits in the weeks after are welcome) (SDG 14)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty third newsletter, covering July 2024. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 10, 13, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting held in July, [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240721|minutes]]
* Next user group meeting will be 18 August

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2024/Contents/Macedonia report|Climate change editahon and workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/wikiforhumanrights-in-nigeria-2024-campaign-virtual-launch/ WikiForHumanRights in Nigeria 2024 Campaign Virtual Launch]  (SDG 10&amp;16)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/16/what-we-learned-from-wiki-women-in-red-8-campaign-2023-women-for-sustainability-africa/ What we Learned from Wiki Women In Red @8 Campaign 2023 Women for Sustainability Africa] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/ghanaian-wikipedians-set-to-educate-students-on-open-climate/ Ghanaian Wikipedians set to educate students on Open Climate] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/23/using-wikipedia-as-a-tool-for-climate-action/ Using Wikipedia as a Tool for Climate Action] (SDG 13)

; Events
* 5th August,  [[m:Event:Wiki-Green_Conference_2024  Wiki-Green Conference]] (SDG 13)
* 7-10 August, Wikimania - [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|All SDG related sessions]] 
* 7-9 November, [https://wikimedia.org.ar/2024/07/03/justicia-climatica-voces-indigenas-y-plataformas-wikimedia/ Justicia climática, voces indígenas y plataformas Wikimedia] (SDG 13)

; Participate
* Share an example of a successful [[m:Campaigns/WikiProjects|WikiProject or topical collaboration]] in this on-wiki survey

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDGs 5, 11, 15, and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20240915|Next user group meeting]], 15 September, will be focused on starting to develop a strategy for the group. If you cannot attend, you can leave your input on [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030/Ideas|the ideas page]].
* User group meeting held in August ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240818|minutes]])

; Other news
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/New Zealand report|Report from WikiProject International Botanical Congress 2024]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Switzerland report|Meeting for Writing on Femenist Strikes and Wiki for Peace Camp St. Imier]] (SDG 5 &amp; 16)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2024/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]] (SDG 15)
* Wikimania had a lot of [[wikimania:2024:Program/SDG_related_sessions|SDG related sessions]] and you can watch them back now 

; Events
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Monuments 2024|Wiki Loves Monuments]] starts in September (SDG 11)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20240915|User group meeting held in September on strategy for the group]]

; Other news
* [[m:Wikimedia CEE Meeting 2024/Submissions/Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region|Building a sustainable Wikimedia movement: A contribution from the CEE region]], presentation at CEE meeting. ([https://www.youtube.com/live/iB3KNFtA4xI?t=6739 YouTube])
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/09/30/all-about-wiki-green-conference-2024/ All About Wiki-Green Conference 2024] (SDG 13)

; Events
* Course: [https://wikiedu.org/courses/global-approaches-to-climate-finance-4/ Global Approaches to Climate Finance] by WikiEdu (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Upcoming meeting]], 24 November, 17.00 UTC

; Other news
* Talk at WikiIndaba: [[m:WikiIndaba 2024/Proposal/Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region|Wikimedian collaboration in human knowledge: Wiki For Climate Change in the Maghreb region]] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/17/championing-inclusion-in-the-wikimedia-movement-africa-wiki-women-presentation-at-the-wiki-niger-conference/ Championing Inclusion in the Wikimedia Movement: Africa Wiki Women Presentation at the Wiki Niger Conference] (SDG 5)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/10/25/mountains-birds-and-lakes-wiki-loves-earth-2024-central-asia-edition/ Mountains, Birds and Lakes: Wiki Loves Earth 2024 – Central Asia Edition] (SDG 15)

; Events
* November 6, 12 and 21: [https://universityofexeter.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJAkdeqrrzMoGdEeMYlR6q0A7QMHwwwM2VIZ#/registration Climate Change &amp; Health in the UK - Wikipedia workshop] (SDG 3 and 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 8, 12, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting, 24 November ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241124|minutes]])
* We are working on our [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]], please add activities that you would like to work on.

; Other news
* [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 8 (November 2024)|CEE Catch up Nr. 8 with a sustainability theme]]
* [[w:pt:Wikipédia:Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia|Wikiconcurso Justiça Climática e Amazônia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/New_Zealand_report#nz-edit|Report from New Zealand Species Edit-a-thons]] (SDG 15)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/October_2024/Contents/Macedonia_report#vvc|Report from climate change editing workshop in Macedonia]] (SDG 13)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2024/Contents/Croatia_report|DeGrowth in November with students, artists and academics in Croatia]] (SDG 8&amp;12)
* The new [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#November_2024:_Production_deployment_and_security_review_complete|Charts extension has been enabled on Wikimedia Commons]]. It's time to start bringing all your local sustainability related charts over there! (SDG 17)

; Events
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers|Bridging Climate Literacy Gaps through Wikimedia projects in Ogoni Land Rivers]] (SDG 13)
* Ongoing: [[m:Event:Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia|Financiamiento climático en Wikipedia]] (SDG 13)
* Just started: [[m:Event:African Legislators in Red|African Legislators in Red]] (SDG 16)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2024 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20241229|minutes]])
* We have adopted an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|annual plan for 2025]]!

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4_hWBwaQxaw Lightning talk by Adam Harangzo - National Institute for Health and Care Research on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/11/top-photos-of-the-special-nomination-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2024%f0%9f%a4%9d/ Top photos of the special nomination “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2024!] (SDG 10&amp;15)
* [https://www.wikimedia.nz/nz-species-editathon-recap/ Two days, 15 editors, 750 edits] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/12/28/a-peekaboo-into-our-butterflying-trip-from-the-amazon-of-the-east/ A Peekaboo Into Our Butterflying Trip from the Amazon of the East] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2024/12/27/brooklyn-college-students-bring-ecology-course-content-to-wikipedia/ Brooklyn College students bring ecology course content to Wikipedia] (SDG 13&amp;15
* [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09636625241268890 Declaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on WikipediaDeclaring crisis? Temporal constructions of climate change on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our thirty-ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 11, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250223|User group meeting 23 February]]
* User group meeting in January ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250119|minutes]]).
* The user group submitted an annual report in the new [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Affiliates Strategy/Implementation/Affiliate health criteria/Reports/2024/Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|affiliate health criteria format]], and as an [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2024|activity report]].
* The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Strategy 2030|2030 strategy]] for the user group was adopted.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/06/swiss-server-helped-optimise-wikidata-in-the-field-of-medicine/ Swiss server helped optimise Wikidata in the field of medicine] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/01/08/photographers-from-turkiye-tell-the-story-of-award-wining-photos-in-wiki-loves-earth-2024/ Photographers from Türkiye tell the story of award wining photos in Wiki Loves Earth 2024] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZnAp7oovlg OpenStreetMap and Wikidata in Disaster Times - CEE Meeting 2024 Istanbul] (SDG 11)

; Events
* 1-28 February: [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/5DC7IKHKGBEE5KOD4PY2XNKT55EA6LW4/|Wiki Loves Africa: Climate &amp; Weather ISA campaign]] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fortieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 8, 11, 13, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting in February ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250223|minutes]]).

; Other news
* [[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Earth 2025/Organise|Time to get ready to organize Wiki Loves Earth]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/02/05/women-of-the-future-international-womens-day-2025/ ‘Women of the Future’ – International Women’s Day 2025] (SDG 5)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/02/17/the-experts-behind-the-edits-expanding-public-understanding-of-healthcare/ The Experts Behind the Edits: Expanding public understanding of healthcare] (SDG 3)
* [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/ecosia-and-wikimedia-enterprise-partner/ Wikimedia Enterprise and Ecosia Partner to Drive Sustainable Search Innovation] (SDG 13)
* A [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject Climate Change/Policies|subproject to WikiProject Climate Change about Climate Change Policies]] has just started on Wikidata (SDG 13)

; Events
* 1 March: [[m:Event:Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire|Open Data Day 2025 in Côte d'Ivoire]] (SDG 8)
* 7 March [[m:Event:Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025|Govdirectory Collab Hour - Open Data Day 2025]] (SDG 16)
* 8 March–1 April: [[m:Event:Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025|Shine Her Light Writing Contest 2025]] (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13, 15 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;
; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/03/27/organise-your-local-wiki-loves-earth-in-2025/ Organise your local Wiki Loves Earth in 2025!] (SDG 15)
* [[d:Wikidata:Property proposal/Climate Policy Radar ID|Wikidata property proposal for the Climate Policy Radar]] (SDG 13)
* [https://gupea.ub.gu.se/bitstream/handle/2077/85640/NKB_Debatt_Wikipedia.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y Biologists encourage other biologists to edit Wikipedia] (in Swedish) (SDG 15)
* A [[c:File:Langzeitkooperationen zwischen Museen und dem Wikipedia-Universum.pdf|presentation on long-term collaborations between museums and the Wikimedia universe]] was given on March 10 at a [https://www.kiekeberg-museum.de/fileadmin/user_upload/3_4_1_Tagungen/geplante_tagungen/Programm_Tagung_Mittwochs_ist_Museumstag_-_Langzeitkooperationen_im_Museum_10-11.3.2025_FLMK3.pdf symposium on long-term collaborations with museums in Germany](SDG 17)
* A [[c:File:Gemeinsam mehr erreichen Freies Wissen als Grundlage der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wikimedia und anderen Ehrenamtsinitiativen.pdf|presentation on existing and potential collaborations between the Wikimedia community and other volunteer communities]] was given on March 29 at a [https://tdsummit.d-s-e-e.de/ national volunteering convention] in Germany (SDG 17)

; Events
* [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250420|Next user group meeting: 20 April]]

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== Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May ==

Dear El-hussain14,

Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities!

This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''.

Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''

Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out.

Thank you for your continued dedication and support!


For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team 11:51, 2 Mayu 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - April 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250420|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/09/zombie-ants-to-bioremediation-the-world-of-entomopathogenic-fungi/ Zombie ants to bioremediation: The world of entomopathogenic fungi] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikiedu.org/blog/2025/04/21/with-foundation-increases-support-to-expand-disability-healthcare-information-on-wikipedia/ WITH Foundation increases support to expand disability healthcare information on Wikipedia] (SDG 3)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/04/04/women-and-health-project-improving-the-representation-of-womens-health-on-wikipedia/ Women and Health Project: Improving the representation of women’s health on Wikipedia] (SDG 3&amp;5)

; Events
* May 19: [[m:Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025|Habilidades Digitales Verdes en Wikimedia 2025]] (SDG 13)

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== Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD ==

Dear El-hussain14,

This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD.

Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible:

* Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''
* Add a brief summary of your local event under the &quot;Results&quot; column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration.

If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team.

Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work!


''Warm regards,''&lt;br/&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', 02:39, 15 Mayu 2025 (UTC)
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== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear El-hussain14

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' 08:51, 19 Mayu 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - May 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 22 June: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* Several papers presented at WikiWorkshop:
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_24.pdf EcoWikiRS: Using Species Descriptions in Wikipedia and Remote Sensing to Learn about the Ecological Properties of a Place] (SDG 15)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_6.pdf Data Extraction Methods for Analyzing Gender Bias on Wikipedia's Front Page]  (SDG 5)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_28.pdf Measuring Cross-Lingual Information Gaps in English Wikipedia: A Case Study of LGBT People Portrayals] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_14.pdf Exploring Wikipedia community practices during the 2024 European Parliament election] (SDG 16)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_55.pdf Wikipedia as a Tool for Tracking Mass Migration Flows: Insights from the Russian Invasion of Ukraine] (SDG 10)
** [https://wikiworkshop.org/2025/paper/wikiworkshop_2025_paper_65.pdf Regulations in Wikidata: The case of PFAS-related regulations] (SDG 3 &amp; 16)
* [https://wikipediapodden.se/minimal-viable-species-stub-315/ Podcast about the minimal viable species stub] (SDG 15)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/05/media-literacy-and-responding-to-emergencies-and-disinformation/ Wikimedia UK and the Royal Society host workshop on information literacy and future health emergencies] (SDG 3)

; Events
* 16 June: [[w:en:Event:Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon|Wikimedia NYC and United Nations Wikipedia Edit-A-Thon]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - June 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fourth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 3, 5, and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  6 July: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20250706|User group meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9I8Nr_UamtM Biodiversidade na Wiki] (in Portuguese) (SDG 15)
* [https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ppp3.70050 The women honoured in flowering plant genera: From myth to reality] (SDG 5&amp;15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/20/rethinking-wiki-engagement-in-medical-research-insights-from-a-residency-at-nihr/ Rethinking Wiki engagement in medical research: insights from a residency at NIHR]  (SDG 3)

; Events
* 24 July: [https://mdi.georgetown.edu/events/guwikieditathonsummer2025/ Editing for Equity: Closing the Wikipedia Gender Gap] (SDG 5)
* 2 &amp; 9 August: [https://events.humanitix.com/nz-species-editathon-wellington New Zealand Species Edit-a-thon] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - July 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty fifth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 10, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  6 July: User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250706|minutes]])
* We are trying to establish better governance for the user group and [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Draft by-laws|have some inspiration]] on which your comments are requested.

; Other news
* To promote sustainability and increase the visibility of the Sustainable Development Goals, the [[w:tr:Vikiproje:S%C3%BCrd%C3%BCr%C3%BClebilir_Kalk%C4%B1nma|&quot;Sustainable Development Wikiproject&quot; was launched on the Turkish Wikipedia]]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/11/wiki-loves-butterfly-community-led-contributions-in-dzongu-valley-north-sikkim-india/ Wiki Loves Butterfly: Community-Led Contributions in Dzongu Valley, North Sikkim, India] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/12/gender-climate-and-sustainability-my-journey-with-the-awa-fellowship-2025/ Gender, Climate and Sustainability: My Journey with the AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)
* [https://blog.tepapa.govt.nz/2025/07/14/the-power-and-potential-of-wikidata-for-botany/ The power and potential of Wikidata for botany] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/amplifying-inclusion-and-climate-justice-through-open-knowledge-my-journey-as-a-fellow-under-awa-fellowship-2025/ Amplifying Inclusion and Climate Justice Through Open Knowledge: My Journey as a Fellow under AWA Fellowship 2025] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/15/justice-through-open-knowledge-training-human-rights-advocate-to-document-human-rights-incident-with-wikipedia-and-wikimedia-commons/ Justice through Open Knowledge: Training Human Rights Advocate to Document Human Rights Incident with Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons] (SDG 10)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/16/wings-of-bengal-the-winners-of-wiki-loves-bangla-2025/ Wings of Bengal: The Winners of Wiki Loves Bangla 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://infomgnt.org/posts/2025-07-16-Connecting-Knowledge-with-Wikidata-a-practical-Project-with-the-Museum-fuer-Naturkunde-Berlin/ Connecting Knowledge with Wikidata: A Practical Project with the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/19/when-time-slows-down-documenting-butterflies-in-the-north-eastern-himalayas/ When Time Slows Down: Documenting Butterflies in the North Eastern Himalayas] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/23/wiki-loves-earth-celebrates-1000000-images-of-the-natural-heritage-worldwide/ Wiki Loves Earth celebrates 1,000,000 images of the natural heritage worldwide!] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/07/28/closing-content-gaps-highlights-from-my-july-as-an-awa-inclusion-and-climate-justice-fellow/ Closing Content Gaps: Highlights from my July as an AWA Inclusion and Climate Justice Fellow] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/01/thrilling-two-day-butterfly-expedition-in-central-odisha/ Thrilling Two-Day Butterfly Expedition in Central Odisha] (SDG 15)

; Events
* 6-9 August: Wikimania is coming up, and you can easily [[wikimania:2025:Registration|join remotely]]. Find [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|all sessions related to the Sustainable Development Goals]].

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - August 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty sixth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  21 September: [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|User Group Meeting]]

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/07/when-butterflies-took-over-a-classroom/ When Butterflies Took Over a Classroom] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/13/a-walk-with-butterflies-that-healed-the-heart/ A Walk with Butterflies That Healed the Heart] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/21/wikimania-2025-information-integrity-on-climate-change-on-wikimedia-projects/ Wikimania 2025: Information Integrity on Climate Change on Wikimedia projects] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/botanical-perspective-of-wikitutuwuhan-project/ Botanical Perspective of WikiTutuwuhan Project] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/08/30/past-present-and-future-a-wikimedian-in-residence-at-the-biodiversity-heritage-library/ Past, present and future: a Wikimedian-in-Residence at the Biodiversity Heritage Library] (SDG 15)
* [[wikimania:2025:Program/SDG related sessions|All SDG related sessions at Wikimania]]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - September 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty seventh newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 7 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  User group meeting ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20250921|minutes]])

; Other news
* The OpenStreetMap community has an initiative called &quot;[https://mapyourgrid.org/ MapYourGrid]&quot; focused on energy infrastructure on Wikidata and Open Streetmap. (SDG 7)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/18/bridging-climate-science-and-the-public-how-the-austrian-climate-report-found-a-home-on-wikipedia/ Bridging Climate Science and the Public: How the Austrian Climate Report Found a Home on Wikipedia] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/27/microworld-a-wikimedia-fueled-microbial-exhibition-in-northern-argentina/ Microworld: a Wikimedia-fueled microbial exhibition in northern Argentina] (SDG 4)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/09/30/wiki-green-conference-2025/ Wiki-Green Conference 2025]

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - October 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty eighth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10 and 13.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; News
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/01/ewe-language-activists-trained-to-translate-the-sustainable-development-goals-online/ Ewe Language Activists Trained to Translate the Sustainable Development Goals Online]
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/10/11/how-wikimedia-commons-is-making-microbiology-open-lessons-from-wikimedistas-de-jujuy-argentina/ How Wikimedia Commons is making microbiology open: lessons from Wikimedistas de Jujuy, Argentina] (SDG 4)
* The [https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Faktamall_f%C3%B6retag&amp;diff=58499099&amp;oldid=57412306 Swedish Wikipedia company infobox now shows carbon emissions data] retreived from Wikidata for over 200 companies. (SDG 13)

; Events
* 6 November–3 December:  [[m:Event:Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025|Visible Wiki Women Campaign 2025]] (SDG 5)
* 11 November: [[m:Event:First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community|First steps in Wikidata for the Wikimedia LGBT Community]] (SDG 10)
* 1–30 November: [[w:id:Wikipedia:Bulan_Asia_Wikipedia_2025|Bulan Asia Wikipedia 2025]] (SDG 10)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - November 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our forty ninth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 5, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* 11 December: [[m:Event:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development user group meeting 20251211|User group call]]
* As are ending the year and will be wrapping up on the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2025|current annual plan]] we are doing a few sprints. If every member of the user group makes just one contribution, we will finish these easily and have a great resource for the entire community. Please check out these and see if you can help out:
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Video translation|Videos with translatable subtitles]] 
*** Help by identifying which videos need translation
** [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Charts coordination|Charts]]
*** Help by identifying charts that should be used in SDG topics
&lt;br/&gt;

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/09/wikimedia-project-from-south-america-selected-by-the-unesco-global-initiative-for-information-integrity-on-climate-change-fund/ Wikimedia Project from South America Selected by the UNESCO Global Initiative for Information Integrity on Climate Change Fund] (SDG 13)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/11/10/northern-argentine-wikimedians-recognized-in-regional-openstreetmap-contest/ Northern Argentine Wikimedians recognized in regional OpenStreetMap Contest] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/LMyQBP/ny-ai-modell-svenska-foretags-utslapp-av-koldioxid Garbo gräver fram siffror på utsläpp av koldioxid] news in Swedish about carbon emissions data being added to the company infoboxes (SDG 13)
* [https://wikimedia.at/der-klimabericht-und-die-wikipedia-teil-3-wissenschaftskommunikation/ Der Klimabericht und die Wikipedia Teil 3: Wissenschaftskommunikation] (SDG 13)

; Events
* [[m:SheSaid|SheSaid campaign on Wikiquote]]. From 1 September until 31 December 2025. (SDG 5)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - December 2025 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fiftieth newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 7, 13 and 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

&lt;!--Add content here --&gt;
; User group news
*  User group call, 11 December ([[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Meeting minutes 20251211|minutes]])

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/08/wikiforhumanrights-2025-documenting-ghanas-just-energy-transition-through-the-lens/ WikiForHumanRights 2025: Documenting Ghana’s Just Energy Transition Through the Lens] (SDG 7)
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/November_2025/Contents/New_Zealand_report#Update_on_the_Bioeconomy_Science_Institute_Wikimedian_in_Residence|Update on the Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence]] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/14/wikiforhumanrights-2025-campaign-in-ghana/ WikiForHumanRights 2025 campaign in Ghana] (SDG 7&amp;13)
* [https://wikimedia.org.uk/2025/12/topics-for-impact/ Topics for impact] by Wikimedia UK
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/12/22/project-gayatri-a-year-of-building-knowledge-closing-with-heart/ Project Gayatri: A Year of Building Knowledge, Closing with Heart] (SDG 13)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - January 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty first newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
*  The [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Reports/2025|annual report for 2025]] was published.
* [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Next meeting|Next user group meeting]] is 22 February.
* The drafting of the [[m:Wikimedians for Sustainable Development/Annual plan 2026|2026 annual plan]] is under way, please help.

; Other news
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/09/winning-images-of-the-special-category-human-rights-and-environment-from-wiki-loves-earth-2025%F0%9F%A4%9D/ Winning images of the special category “Human Rights and Environment” from Wiki Loves Earth 2025🤝] (SDG 15)

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - February 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty second newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 4, 5, 10, 13, 15, 16 and 17.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* A proposal for a climate and sustainability meetup at Wikimania has been submitted. Keep your fingers crossed it gets accepted!

; Other news
* [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud Metabase], a project to create a [[m:Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Knowledge Base|movement-wide knowledgebase for activities and initiatives]], now has the property [https://metabase.wikibase.cloud/wiki/Property:P109 relates to sustainable development goal, target or indicator] and all the Sustainable Development Goals, Targets and Indicators. This makes it possible to make sure that your projects and initiative that supports these are marked as doing so and also find previous efforts related to them.
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/11/wiki-for-botanists-why-thematic-engagement-matters/ Wiki for Botanists: Why thematic engagement matters] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/influence-of-seasonal-and-eco-climatic-factors-on-butterfly-diversity-insights-from-wiki-loves-butterfly/ Influence of Seasonal and Eco-climatic Factors on Butterfly Diversity: Insights from Wiki Loves Butterfly] (SDG 15)
* [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/02/15/african-women-in-climate-action-a-continued-editing-journey-through-the-edither-africa-contest-2026/ African Women in Climate Action: A Continued Editing Journey through the EditHer Africa Contest 2026] (SDG 5 &amp; 13)

; Events
* March is Women's History Month and also has the Internaltional Women's day, so there are plenty of related events. Check out [[m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]] to find some near you. (SDG 5)
* [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026]] (SDG 16)
* [[d:Wikidata:WikiProject_India/Events/International_Mother_Language_Day_2026_Datathon|International Mother Language Day 2026 Datathon]] (SDG 4, 10 &amp;17)

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== Join the LDH General Assembly | April 18, 2026 ==

We are delighted to invite you to the General Assembly of the [[m:Wikimedia Language Diversity Hub|'''Language Diversity Hub''']] (LDH) on Saturday, '''April 18th, 2026''', at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1776517200 13:00 UTC]'''.
=== About the General Assembly ===
The General Assembly (GA) is a community-wide consultation and engagement space. It is the primary forum through which LDH connects with the broader language and Wikimedia communities. The GA is designed to:
* Keep community members informed about LDH activities, decisions, and ongoing work.
* Gather feedback and perspectives from across the language and Wikimedia ecosystem.
* Create open pathways for participation, collaboration, and community-driven input.

=== How to participate ===
Everyone is welcome! If you work on language access, language diversity, or Wikimedia projects in any language community, this is a space for you.
* '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform Register here to attend]'''
[[File:LDH General Assembly E-flyer.jpg|frameless|center|280px|link=https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfFCqPF3H-Yax0t-AbgRasoDdXLom23n2SsZR5fw74bxMuPCQ/viewform]]

Looking forward to your participation,

Language Diversity Hub Team, 18:21, 20 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)

''&lt;small&gt;You can opt out of our distribution list by removing your username from [[m:MassMessage/Lists/LDH|this list]]&lt;/small&gt;''

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== Wikimedians for Sustainable Development - March 2026 Newsletter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This is our fifty third newsletter. This issue has news related to SDG 15.&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2; column-width: 400px;&quot;&gt;

; User group news
* There is now a [[c:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|user box template on Wikimedia Commons]] that you can use to show that you are participant of the user group. There were already user boxes on [[m:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Meta]], [[d:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Wikidata]], [[w:en:Template:User Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|English]] and [[w:sv:Mall:Användare Wikimedians for Sustainable Development|Swedish]] Wikipedia. If your home wiki uses user boxes but lacks one, feel free to copy any of these to it.

; Other news
* [https://wikimediafoundation.org/news/2026/03/02/the-winners-of-wiki-loves-earth-2025/ “Cinematic intensity”: The winners of Wiki Loves Earth 2025] (SDG 15)
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-00940-y Scientists should join collaborative online editing communities for biodiversity] (SDG 15)

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== Programme submissions open: Language Diversity Conference, Accra 2026 ==

[[File:Official logo for language diversity conference 03.png|frameless|250px|right]]
The '''[[m:Language Diversity Conference|Language Diversity Conference 2026]]''' will take place '''2–4 October 2026 in Accra, Ghana''', under the theme: ''Strengthening Language Communities in the Open Knowledge Movement''.

The Programming Team is inviting the following types of session proposals:

* '''Lightning talks''' – 10-minute short presentations on any relevant topic
* '''Presentations''' – 20–25 minutes (including audience Q&amp;A)
* '''Workshops and tutorials''' – 50 or 110-minute interactive sessions (e.g. on Content Translation, Wikidata, or other topics)
* '''Panel discussions''' – 50-minute panels; collaborations with others are encouraged

Submissions will be evaluated by the Programme Committee based on:
* Potential impact and expected outcomes
* Relevance to the conference theme or focus areas

Sessions may be recorded and made publicly available. If you prefer not to be filmed, you may indicate this during submission.

'''→ [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/langdiv/cfp Submit your proposal on Eventyay]'''

For more information, or questions, contact: languagediversitycon{{@}}gmail.com

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[[Fayil:Wiki For Human Rights PH - May 25 Meetup and Photowalk 00.jpg|thumb|Matasa wiki masu Kare yancin Yan adam]]
'''Matasa Don Kare Hakkin Dan Adam  Turanci &quot;Youth for Human Rights International''' (YHRI)'''&quot; kungiya ce mai zaman kanta ta Amurka. Masanan Kimiyya sun kafa kuma mafi yawan ma'aikata da kuma samar da kudade, manufar da aka bayyana ita ce &quot;Don koyar da matasa a duniya game da 'yancin dan adam, don haka taimaka musu su zama masu ba da shawara mai mahimmanci don inganta hakuri da zaman lafiya.&quot; 

Kungiyar ta inganta &lt;ref&gt;[http://youthforhumanrights.org/campaigns/2005/2005_humanitarians.html International Youth Movement Turns To 20th Century Humanitarians for Inspiration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301192326/http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/campaigns/2005/2005_humanitarians.html |date=2010-03-01 }}, youthforhumanrights.org&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya kafa Scientology L. Ron Hubbard rubuce-rubucen game da yancin dan adam da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Gamayyar Sanarwana Yancin Dan Adam]], ta hanyar daukar nauyin rubutun da zane-zane da kuma samar da kayan aiki ga dalibai da jagororin koyarwa ga makarantu.&lt;ref&gt;(n.d.) [http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/about/index.html About YHRI]&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar Cocin &quot;Church of Scientology International&quot;, Scientologist Mary Shuttleworth kafa kungiyar a watan Agusta shekarar 2001 &quot;  a cikin daidaitawa da Church of Scientology International ta Human Rights Office&quot;.  Shafin yanar gizon Scientology ya bayyana cewa a shekara ta 2004 ya kafa ayyuka a fiye da ƙasashe 26, ciki har da Mexico, Amurka da Suwidin. 

== Jagoranci ==
Shugaban '''YHRI''' kuma wanda ya kafa shi ne Mary Shuttleworth (tsohuwar Mary Untiedt), tsohuwar shugabar kungiyar iyaye ta YHRI ta kasa da kasa Foundation for Human Rights and Tolerance. Har ila yau, ta kafa makarantun da aka yi amfani da su a Makarantar &quot; Shuttleworth Academy&quot; da &quot;Gidan Makarantar Maryamu.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;(n.d.) [http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/about/meetpres.html About Mary Shuttleworth]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Education in Scientology |url=http://www.essentialtraining.org/page5.htm |access-date=2022-03-30 |archive-date=2007-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070902225737/http://www.essentialtraining.org/page5.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shuttleworth yana rike da babban matsayi a TXL Films, &lt;ref&gt;(n.d.)[http://www.txlfilms.com/maryshuttleworth.html Mary Shuttleworth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127023539/http://www.txlfilms.com/maryshuttleworth.html |date=2006-11-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt; kamfanin da ya kirkiro bidiyon kidan ''UNITED'' tare da YHRI.&lt;ref&gt;(n.d.) [http://www.txlfilms.com/films/united_index.html About United] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713100125/http://www.txlfilms.com/films/united_index.html |date=2016-07-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin kimiyya ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Scientologists On-line |url=http://myreligion.scientologist.net/maryuntiedt/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |archive-date=2016-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610084531/http://myreligion.scientologist.net/maryuntiedt/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cewar jaridar &quot;Newsletter ''Church of Scientology International&quot;'', babban darektan YHRI shine Tim Bowles, &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scientology.org/Humanrights/news/2005/051107.htm International Youth Delegates Spark Human Rights Initiative at David Starr Jordan High School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081123042151/http://www.scientology.org/humanrights/news/2005/051107.htm |date=2008-11-23 }}, ''Church of Scientology International'', Human Rights News, October 7, 2005&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theta.com/youth-issues/20060603_yi_1.php Youth For Human Rights International - Ghana Human Rights Tour]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''Church of Scientology International'', Human Rights News Forum, June 3, 2006&lt;/ref&gt; tsohon abokin tarayya na Bowles &amp;amp;amp; Moxon, yana aiki a matsayin babban majalisa na shari'a na Cocin Scientology. Bowles kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Scientology's Citizens Commission on Human Rights.&lt;ref&gt;(n.d.)[http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/about/meetdir.html About Tim Bowles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307142717/http://youthforhumanrights.org/about/meetdir.html |date=2007-03-07 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lynsey Bartilson, wanda ya bayyana a kan jerin talabijin na ''Grounded for Life'', babban mai magana da yawun YHRI ne. Ta girma kuma ta kasance Masanin Kimiyyar Kimiyya, kuma mahaifiyarta Laurie Bartilson tsohuwar abokiyar doka ce a Moxon &amp; Bartilson. A cikin tarihin rayuwarta na kan layi, ta bayyana cewa ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan kirkire-kirkire kuma mawaka don Cibiyar Celebrity Center ta Scientology &quot;Yara kan Stage don Mafi kyawun Duniya.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lynsey Bartilson's official home page |url=http://www.lynseybartilson.com/ |access-date=2022-03-30 |archive-date=2018-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712002137/http://www.lynseybartilson.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Shirye-shirye ==
YHRI ya hadu tare da TXL Films (wanda Taron Lexton ya kafa, dan YHRI wanda ya kafa Mary Shuttleworth &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/1/prweb336245.htm Pepsi Honors Mother and Son as Everyday Freedom Heroes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011930/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/1/prweb336245.htm |date=2016-03-05 }}, Press Release, January 23, 2006&lt;/ref&gt; ) don Kirkirar bidiyon kidan da ya lashe kyautar, &quot;UNITED.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;(n.d.) [http://www.txlfilms.com/films/united_index.html About &quot;United&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160713100125/http://www.txlfilms.com/films/united_index.html |date=2016-07-13 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin Yuni 2006, sun fito da sanarwar sabis na jama'a na 30 don TV, suna kwatanta kowane Hakkin 30 a cikin [[Gamayyar Sanarwa na Yancin Dan'adam|Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam na Duniya]].&lt;ref&gt;(n.d.) [http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/watchads/index.html Watch Ads] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830224455/http://www.youthforhumanrights.org/watchads/index.html |date=2006-08-30 }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda Sashen Hakkin Dan Adam na Cocin Scientology International na YHRI ya kirkira. &lt;ref name=&quot;HRMessage&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.theta.com/human-rights-education/20070314_hre_1.php |title=Human Rights Message Reaches 130,000 Viewers - Church of Scientology International |access-date=2022-03-30 |archive-date=2017-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217013325/http://www.theta.com/human-rights-education/20070314_hre_1.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka da abubuwan da suka faru ==
YHRI tana rarraba kayan da ke da alaka da fassararta na Yarjejeniya [[Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|ta Duniya ta Majalisar Dinkin]] Duniya da shirye-shiryen YHRI, ga yan makaranta a kasashe daban-daban na ci gaba, irin su Amurka, &lt;ref&gt;St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Missouri), September 15, 2006, Title: Hoech sixth-grader attended U.N. human rights meeting&lt;/ref&gt; Australia, &lt;ref&gt;The Analyst, May 31, 2006, Title: YHRI Holds Aids Awareness in Paynesville,&lt;/ref&gt; United Kingdom &lt;ref&gt;Cornish Guardian, September 1, 2005, Title: Cornwall plays host to human rights festival&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma Jamhuriyar Czech. &lt;ref&gt;Czech News Agency CTK, December 9, 2006, Schedule of CTK general news in English, December 10,&lt;/ref&gt; YHRI kuma yana aiki a Jamus.  A kasar Belgium, ta ba da kyauta, sannan kuma ta gudanar da bikin bayar da kyautuka a kasar Bulgeriya don samun kyauta daya. &lt;ref&gt;New Vision, June 14, 2006, Title: Mande Wins Rights Award&lt;/ref&gt; YHRI ta ba da kyauta guda ɗaya ga wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta kasar Sin, wadda ta inganta ra'ayoyin kungiyar a shafinta na yanar gizo, &lt;ref&gt;South China Morning Post, August 31, 2006, Title: Crusading for human rights&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma wani ga wani matashin Masanin Kimiyya na Isra'ila wanda ya nuna fim din, ''UNITED'', kuma ya rarraba kayan YHRI a makarantarsa.  An gudanar da taro a Zurich. &lt;ref&gt;Hindustan Times, March 8, 2006, Title: Human rights is everyone's business&lt;/ref&gt; Ta tattauna shirin gabatar da lacca da raba kayanta ga daliban makarantar Ghana da Laberiya. &lt;ref&gt;Public Agenda, May 29, 2006, Title: Human Rights Education Ventures to Be Established in Schools&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Accra Mail (Ghana) - AAGM, November 6, 2006 Monday, Title: Inculcate human rights education into school curriculum&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;The Analyst, June 7, 2006, Title: Youth Activist Suggests Edu Rights Ventures,&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Africa News, December 7, 2005, Title: Liberia; Take a Fresh Look At Liberia, Says Journalist, Activist&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ba da shawarar biyan kananan makarantu a Uganda, &lt;ref&gt;The Monitor, February 27, 2007, Title: Youth Want Govt to Abolish School Fees,&lt;/ref&gt; da gudanar da taron zaman lafiya a Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;Africa News, March 21, 2007, Title: Human Rights Group Organises Peace Rally&lt;/ref&gt; A Afirka ta Kudu, asalin kasar Mary Shuttleworth, tana yunkurin ganin an yi &quot;watannin kare haƙƙin dan adam.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;BuaNews, February 7, 2007, Title: Youth Group Urges South Africans to Celebrate Human Rights Month,&lt;/ref&gt; Aikin kungiyar yana samun goyon bayan dan wasan kwaikwayo kuma masanin kimiyya Tom Cruise &lt;ref&gt;Sunday Herald Sun, January 1, 2006, Title: Tom and Katie's gift of rights,&lt;/ref&gt; kuma yana aiki tare da ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin dan adam, kamar, zargin, surori na gida na [[Amnesty International]]. &lt;ref&gt;[http://youthforhumanrights.org/about/collaborators.html YHRI Collaborators]&lt;/ref&gt; A cewar &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwcg&quot;&gt;Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;, babu Amnesty a Berlin ko hedkwatar hukumar kare Hakkin dan Adam ta Amnesty International a London da ke da masaniya game da irin wannan hadin gwiwar  da Amnesty International, tun daga Maris 2013, an cire su daga jerin masu hadin gwiwa a kan gidan yanar gizon YHRI. 

A cikin 2005, Youth for Human Rights International ta shirya taro a babbar Makarantar Los Angeles. Stephen Strachan, shugaban makarantar sakandaren Jordan, ya ce ko da yake ya san wasu daga cikin masu shirya su Masana Kimiyya ne, bai san dangantakar YHRI da Ikilisiya ba har sai an jera Ikilisiyar Scientology akan kayan tallatawa a matsayin mai tallafawa. Bayan samun labarin hadin gwiwar, an yi yarjejeniya don cire duk wani ambaton Cocin Scientology daga wallafe-wallafe, kuma an aika wasiku ga iyaye cewa dalibai za su bukaci izini don halartar taron.  

A shekara ta 2007, YHRI ta jagoranci wani kwas na Hakkin dan adam na matukin jirgi a lardin KwaZulu-Natal na Afirka ta Kudu, inda ta rarraba kasida ta L. Ron Hubbard &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwfw&quot;&gt;Hanyar Farin Ciki&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ga dalibai masu shekaru tsakanin 12 zuwa 17, kuma sun koya musu ilimin kimiyyar jargon kamar Sikelin sautin, yayin kokarin shigar da su cikin Drug Free Marshalls, kungiyar Scientology kamar Narconon . Wani jami'in gwamnatin lardin ya ce yana fatan kawo shi ga yara miliyan 4.44 na lardin. 

== Suka ==
A cikin 2007, a wani taron matasa na 'yancin dan adam wanda YHRI ta shirya, a [[Sydney|Sydney, Ostiraliya]], dalibai uku daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Yan mata ta Canterbury sun nuna damuwa game da abubuwan da suka shafi Scientology a cikin kayan talla. Daya ta ce ta ji &quot;an yi amfani da ita.&quot; Sashen ilimi na duba korafe-korafen daliban. Duk da haka, David Clarke, wani mai sassaucin ra'ayi na New South Wales babban gida kuma memba na kungiyar Katolika Opus Dei, ya ce shi ma bai san wata alaka mai karfi tsakanin dandalin matasa da Cocin Scientology ba. Amma, Clarke ya kara da cewa, “Ni dan Katolika ne. Babu wani turawa kamar yadda na iya gani na Scientology.&quot; 

Wani dan jarida na Jamus ya zargi Scientology da tallace-tallace na karya ta hanyar YHRI, daukar mambobi a kaikaice, kuma jami'an gwamnati a Jamus sun ce YHRI yana aiki a matsayin dabarar ɓoyewa ga Scientology.  

Gidan tarihin Holocaust na Florida ya koka da cewa ba a bayyana hadin YHRI da Scientology ba lokacin da suka yi aiki tare da su don shirya zanga-zangar yancin dan adam a St. Petersburg, Florida a cikin Maris 2007. 

A cikin kowane dayan abubuwan da ke sama mai shirya YHRI ya amsa cewa, yayin da Ikilisiyar Scientology ta goyi bayan kungiyar su, taron YHRI ne, ba taron Ikilisiya ba kuma sakon Hakkin dan adam ne, ba Scientology ba. Duk da haka, Herald ya ruwaito cewa, a kan kayan da aka raba a taron a Australia, hoton L.Ron Hubbard da furucin sun fi dacewa fiye da na masu gwagwarmaya irin su [[Martin Luther King]] da [[Mahatma Gandhi]] . 

Ursula Caberta, Kwamishinan Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Hukumar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta Hamburg, kungiyar masu sa ido kan ilimin kimiyya, ta bayyana cewa YHRI na daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke da alaka da Scientology wadanda ke rufe alakarsu da cocin kuma suna neman jawo hankalin matasa da kuma daukar nauyin matasa. 

A cikin 1995, Majalisar Dattijai ta Hamburg ta fitar da rahoto game da Kimiyyar Kimiyya, inda ya kwatanta tsarinsa da kuma hadarin da ya gabatar wa mutane da al'umma. Daya daga cikin nassi, yana ambaton takardun Scientology, ya bayyana matsayin dukan kungiyoyi, waɗanda, kamar YHRI, suna da alaka da coci.

&quot;A cikin bayanin cikin gida, Scientology ya bayyana aikin kungiyoyi masu alaka:

Duk kungiyoyi da kungiyoyi suna samar da hanyar sadarwa ta duniya. Kowannensu yana da nasa matsayin da nauyinsa. Amma duk kungiyoyin sabis suna da burin jawo hankali ga fasahar L.Ron Hubbard da isar da ita ga jama'a.'

Don haka, kowane aiki, duk da haka yana da alaƙa da Kimiyyance, ya dace da tsarin dabarun dogon lokaci, wanda mafi girman gudanarwa ke jagoranta.&quot; 

== Kimiyya, YHRI Da Hakkin Dan Adam a Turai ==
Dangane da gidan yanar gizon Scientology na hukuma, YHRI wani bangare ne na yakin neman zabe gaba daya.  YHRI, wanda aka fi sani da Jamusanci a matsayin &quot;Jugend für Menschenrechte,&quot; yana aiki a Switzerland da Jamus, yana shirya taron kare Hakkin bil'adama ga matasa don inganta hadin kai na addini.  Dangane da yakin neman zaben, Antje Blumenthal, dan majalisar dokokin Jamus, ya nuna damuwarsa cewa ana amfani da kyakkyawar manufa ta matasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;hugostamm&quot; /&gt;

Gwamnatocin Faransa  da Jamus, sun bincika Scientology game da take Hakkin dan adam, binciken da kungiyar Scientology ta kira nuna wariya.  Ya ba da amsa tare da kamfen na adawa ta hanyar Cocin Scientology International Ofishin Turai na Harkokin Jama'a da Hakkin Dan Adam, ta amfani da sanarwar sabis na jama'a da YHRI ta bayar,  kuma Sashen Kare Hakkin Dan Adam na Cocin na Scientology International ya kirkira. &lt;ref name=&quot;HRMessage&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category: Hakkin Dan Adam]]
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'''Mark Adamo,''' (an [[Hailemariam Desalegn|haife]] shi a [[Shekarar Dawowa, Ghana 2019|shekarar]] [[1962 a Najeriya|1962]]) mawaƙi ne dan Amurka, liberttist kuma [[Farfesa|farfesa a fannin]] kiɗa a makarantar [[New York University]] [[Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development]].  An haife shi a [[Philadelphia]] .

== Sana'a ==
Yayin da ya hada wakar &quot;cantata&quot; mai suna &quot;Late Victorians&quot;, &quot;Four Angels: Concerto for Harp and Orchestra,&quot; da kuma manyan wakoki guda shida, babban aikin mawallafin ya kasance na gidan opera: wakar da ake kira ''&lt;a href=&quot;./Little%20Women%20(opera)&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Little Women (opera)&quot; class=&quot;cx-link&quot; data-linkid=&quot;13&quot;&gt;Little Women&lt;/a&gt;''. ya yi aiki a matsayin mawaki-in-zauni don New York City Opera daga shekarar 2001 zuwa 2006, kuma kamfanin ya ba wa Gabas Coast farkon sabon opera, ''Lysistrata, ko The Nude Goddess'', a cikin Maris-Afrilu 2006. ''Lysistrata'', wanda aka yaba da shi a matsayin &quot;labarin soyayya mai cike da soyayya, wanda aka shirya tsakanin wasan barkwanci da bacin rai&quot; na Alex Ross na ''New Yorker'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url-status=80–81}}&lt;/ref&gt; shi ne hukumar David Gockley na karshe na Houston Grand Opera, wanda ya ba da fara wasan duniya a ranar 4 ga Maris ɗin shekarar 2005. Tun farkon farkonsa na Houston Grand Opera na 1998, an ji &quot;Ƙananan Mata&quot; a cikin ayyukan duniya sama da sittin da biyar, gami da watsa shirye-shiryen telebijin akan jerin PBS &quot;Great Performances&quot; a cikin Agusta 2001. An ba da wasan opera na farko na Asiya a watan Mayu 2005, lokacin da aka zaɓi aikin Opera na birnin New York a matsayin nunin Amurka don baje kolin duniya a Tokyo da Nagoya; Jihar Opera ta Kudancin Ostiraliya ta ba da farkon Australiya a bikin Adelaide a watan Mayu 2007, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Duniya ta ba da farkon Isra'ila a Tel Aviv a cikin Yuli 2008, kuma Calgary Opera ta ba da sanarwar farko na Kanada don Janairu 2010.

A cikin watan Janairu 2009, San Francisco Opera ta sanar da cewa ta umurci Adamo don tsara duka maki da kuma libretto don wasan opera mai suna ''The Gospel of Mary Magdalene'', wanda, a cikin kalmomin mawaƙa, &quot;zai tsara Canonical Gospels, Linjila Gnostic, da hamsin hamsin. shekaru na malanta don sake tunanin Sabon Alkawari ta hanyar idanun mace ɗaya kaɗai.  Kamfanin ya fara aikin a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 2013, tare da Michael Christie . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/arts/music/mark-adamos-opera-makes-a-wife-of-mary-magdalene.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0 &quot;The Woman at Jesus’ Side, and in His Bed&quot;] by [[Anthony Tommasini]], ''The New York Times'', June 20, 2013&lt;/ref&gt;

Dan asalin garin Willingboro, New Jersey ne, Adamo ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Holy Cross. &lt;ref&gt;Staff. [https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courierpostonline/access/1840677511.html?FMT=ABS&amp;FMTS=ABS:FT&amp;type=current&amp;date=Aug+26%2C+2001&amp;author=&amp;pub=Courier+Post&amp;desc=Composer+Mark+Adamo%2C+a+Willingboro+native%2C+is+the+man+behind+`Little+Women'&amp;pqatl=google &quot;Composer Mark Adamo, a Willingboro native, is the man behind `Little Women'&quot;]{{Dead link|date=September 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}, ''[[Courier-Post]]'', August 26, 2001. Accessed February 14, 2011. &quot;At the time Adamo wanted to become a playwright After graduating from Holy Cross High School in Riverside he entered the playwriting program at New York University but also took every music course his schedule allowed.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ya halarci Jami'ar New York, inda ya sami Paulette Goddard Remarque Scholarship don nasarar karatun digiri a fannin rubutun wasan kwaikwayo. Ya ci gaba da samun digirin digirgir a fannin waka a shekarar 1990 daga Jami'ar Katolika ta Amurka da ke Washington, DC, inda aka ba shi lambar yabo ta Theodore Presser don ƙwararren digiri na farko a cikin abun ciki. A New York City Opera, ya tsara jerin bitar wasan opera na zamani ''VOX:&amp;nbsp;Nuna Mawakan Amurka'' . Adamo ya yi aiki a matsayin babban mai fasaha a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Atlantic a cikin Mayu 2003. Ya jagoranci shirye-shiryensa na ''Ƙananan Mata'' a Cleveland da Milwaukee, dukansu an ambaci su a matsayin mafi kyawun al'amuran kiɗa na shekara ta Cleveland Plain Dealer da Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, bi da bi; kuma ya tsara shirye-shirye don Stagebill, da Freer Gallery of Art, kuma mafi kwanan nan don BMG Classics. Sukar sa da tambayoyinsa sun bayyana a ''cikin Washington Post'', ''Stagebill'', ''Opera News'', ''The Star-Ledger'', da ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'' ; An sanya sunan mujallar a gidan yanar gizon sa mai suna a cikin Mafi kyawun Rubutun Kiɗa na Arts Journal a cikin Janairu 2008.

Adamo, wanda dan luwadi ne, ya zauna tare da mijinshi, mawaki John Corigliano a birnin New York; su biyun sun yi aure a California inda mai gudanarwa Marin Alsop ya daura a watan Agusta 2008 (kafin aiwatar da Shawarar 8 ).

== Aiki ==
 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [http://www.schirmer.com/default.aspx?TabId=2419&amp;State_2872=2&amp;ComposerId_2872=9 Mark Adamo]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a G. Schirmer
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[[Category:Mutanen LGBT a karni na 21]]
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      <text bytes="3159" sha1="728yewjdiwbs24npqic9stepwgc7mf0" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Nigeria - Akwa Ibom.svg|thumb|Ibom a najeriya]]
{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Ibom air Logo.png|thumb|Tutar Ibom]]
'''Masarautar Ibom''' ƙasa ce ta mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio wacce]] ke da fada a Obot Okon Ita. Wannan masarauta ta kasance tsakanin jihohin [[Abiya|Abia]] na yanzu da [[Akwa Ibom]] a kudu maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. A tsakanin shekara ta 1630, wata ƙungiyar Inyamurai daga Abiriba da aka fi sani da Eze Agwu suka sauka a Ibom. Wannan ya haifar da rikice-rikice na dogon lokaci wanda aka fi sani da yakin Aro-Ibibio.&lt;ref&gt;Talbot, Percy Amaury (8 October 2013). ''Life in Southern Nigeria: The Magic, Beliefs and Customs of the Ibibio Tribe''. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781136968822|&lt;bdi&gt;9781136968822&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Asalin ==
Masarautar Ibom ta samo asali ne daga mutanen  [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]] daga Usangale dake Kamaru a kusan karni na 15.&lt;ref&gt;Talbot, Percy Amaury (8 October 2013). ''Life in Southern Nigeria: The Magic, Beliefs and Customs of the Ibibio Tribe''. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781136968822|&lt;bdi&gt;9781136968822&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

'''Ibom''' tsohuwar kalma ce da mutanen [[Mutanen Efik|Efik]] / [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]] / [[Mutanen Anaang|Annang]] / [[Eket]]  [[Najeriya]] ke amfani da ita, ma'ana tsohuwar duniya, asalin duniya, ko asali, ko tsohuwar al'umma wadda wasu suka fito daga gare ta. Kalmar Ibom tana wakiltar kakanni, asali, tsatson, tushe da tsohuwar al'umma ko wuri ko yanki da wasu al'ummomi ko mutane suka fito ko suka samo asali. [[Akwa Ibom|Jihar Akwa Ibom]] na daya daga cikin Jihohi biyu da aka kirkira daga tsohuwar masarautar Akwa Akpa, [[Cross River|Jihar Kuros Riba]] ce ‘yar uwarta.

== Akwa ==
 
Akwa kuma ana rubuta ta da Aqua, ma'ana Mai Kima ko Mai Muhimmancin wanda aka yarda shine kakan mutanen [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]] da [[Mutanen Efik|Efik]]. Kwa ko Qua don haka yana nufin Muhimmi ko Mai Daraja. Ba abun mamaki ba ne cewa tsohuwar Masarautar su ta samo asali daga Akwa Akpa. Kalmomin Akwa, Aqua, Kwa, Qua, sunaye ne na wurare, koguna, a jihar Akwa Ibom da kuma jihar Cross River.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2022}}

A yanzu ta kasance wani gari ne a [[Arochukwu]] [[Abiya|na jihar Abia]] dake kudu maso gabashin Najeriya har yanzu ana kiranta '''Ibom'''. Masarauta ce ta [[Mutanen Ibibio|Ibibio]] wadda Sarkinta na karshe Akpan Okon ya yi rashin nasara a hannun mutanen [[Arochukwu]] bayan yakin Aro-Ibibio, wanda Arochukwu suka samu nasara tare da hadin gwiwar sojojin [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] da na Akpa. Har ila yau, Ibom ne inda sanannen Ibini Ukpabi oracle yake.{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=February 2022}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* http://www.aro-okigbo.com/history_of_the_aros.htm{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20080828190518/http://www.aronetwork.org/others/confederancy.html
* http://aronewsonline.org/html/Prologue.asp%5B%5D{{Dead link|date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
[[Category:Tarihin Najeriya]]
[[Category:Mutanen Aro]]
[[Category:Mutanen Ibibiyo]]
[[Category:Birane na Jihar Abiya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Martin Gyarko Oti</title>
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[[Fayil:NEW GHANA REGIONS ru.jpg|thumb|Taswirar kasar ghana]]
'''Martin Gyarko Oti'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-08-17|title=Martin Oti Gyarko|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/08/techiman-north-npp-lauds-nana-addos-choice-for-deputy-b-a-minister/martin-oti-gyarko/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; dan siyasan Ghana ne kuma dan majalisar wakilai ta bakwai a jamhuriyar Ghana ta hudu mai wakiltar mazabar Techiman ta Arewa a yankin Bono gabas akan tikitin sabuwar New Patriotic Party.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=244|title=Parliament of Ghana|access-date=2022-11-19|archive-date=2023-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130063548/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=244|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kasance tsohon mataimakin ministan yankin gabas ta Bono.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Techiman North Assembly to construct 400-bed capacity dormitory|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/6ba69cb-c945-484f-96|access-date=2022-11-18|website=www.ghanadistricts.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-26|title='I will support the next DCE if I am not reappointed' - Techiman North DCE - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/i-will-support-the-next-dce-if-i-am-not-reappointed-techiman-north-dce/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Oti a ranar 3 ga Afrilu 1980 kuma ya fito ne daga Aworowa a yankin Bono Gabas ta Ghana. Ya sami digirinsa na farko a fannin ilimin zamantakewa daga Jami'ar Cape Coast a 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gyarko, Martin Oti|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/gyarko-martin-oti/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Oti ya kasance malami a makarantar karamar sakandare ta Ayeasu-Atrensu District Assembly.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Siyasa ==
Oti dan New Patriotic Party ne. Ya kasance dan majalisar dokokin mazabar Techiman ta Arewa daga 2017 zuwa 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A babban zaben Ghana na 2020, ya sha kaye a hannun 'yar takarar majalisar dokoki ta NDC [[Elizabeth Ofosu-Agyare]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Techiman North – Election Data Center – The Ghana Report|url=https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/bono-east-region/techiman-north/|access-date=2022-11-18|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118100212/https://electiondatacenter.theghanareport.com/election-results/2020-2/bono-east-region/techiman-north/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya samu kuri'u 21,008 inda ya samu kashi 47.5% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da Elizabeth ta samu kuri'u 23,252 wanda ya zama kashi 52.5% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Techiman North Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/bonoeast/techiman_north/|access-date=2022-11-18|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118224915/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/bonoeast/techiman_north/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Oti Kirista ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1980]]</text>
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    <title>Mavis Hawa Koomson</title>
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[[File:MAVIS HAWA KOOMSON.jpg|thumb|hoton mavis hawa]]
'''Mavis Hawa Koomson''' (an haifeta a ranar  3 ga watan Fabrairu shekarata 1966) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar Ghana. Ita ce ‘yar majalisa mai wakiltar mazabar Awutu Senya ta Gabas kuma ta kuma zama ministar ayyukan ci gaba na musamman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/440537/list-of-the-29-women-in-parliament.html|title=LIST OF THE 29 WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT|last=Prince|first=Akpah|language=en-GB|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-22|title=NDC calls for arrest of 'gangster' Hawa Koomson|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/ndc-calls-for-arrest-of-gangster-hawa-koomson/|access-date=2020-07-23|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-22|title=Your actions will have 'collateral implications' - Baako roasts Hawa Koomson|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Your-actions-will-have-collateral-implications-Baako-roasts-Hawa-Koomson-1013866|access-date=2020-07-23|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Knocks for Ghana female lawmaker wey fire gunshot for voter registration centre - Read wetin we know about Hawa|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-53484335|access-date=2020-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shugaban kasar Ghana Nana Akuffo-Addo ne ya nada ta a ranar 10 ga  watan Janairu shekarata 2017 a matsayin ministar ayyukan ci gaba na musamman.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-10-18}}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fire Hawa Koomson over gunshot - Bonaa tells Nana Addo|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-fire-hawa-koomson-over-gunshot-bonaa-tells-nana-addo.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson response to CID invitation|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-hawa-koomson-response-to-cid-invitation.html|access-date=2020-07-24|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
Koomson ta fito daga Salaga a yankin Savannah na Ghana kuma an haife ta a ranar 3 ga Fabrairun shekarar 1966.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html|title=Mavis Hawa Koomson|last=Pulse|website=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161851/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson-id5364017.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi karatun kwaleji a Kwalejin Koyarwa ta Bimbilla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Profile of Hon Mavis Hawa Koomson, Minister-Designate For Special Development Initiative|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|access-date=2022-11-26|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160947/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/politics/politics/201701/302940.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi difloma da digiri na farko a fannin Ilimin Basic daga Jami'ar Education Winneba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson|title=Mavis Hawa Koomson - Mavis Hawa Koomson - Pulse|last=Pulse|website=pulse.com.gh|accessdate=2016-09-15|archive-date=2016-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011140409/http://pulse.com.gh/bio/mavis-hawa-koomson|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta samu digirin digirgir, da difloma a fannin gudanarwar jama'a (CPA) da kuma difloma a fannin gudanarwar jama'a (DPA) daga Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration (GIMPA).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives|title=Mavis Hawa Koomson –Special Development Initiatives - Government of Ghana|website=www.ghana.gov.gh|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2019-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724021440/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/governance/60-ministers/3445-mavis-hawa-koomson-special-development-initiatives|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64|title=Parliament of Ghana|last=Ghana|first=ICT Dept. Office of Parliament|website=www.parliament.gh|access-date=2018-10-18|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126221932/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=64|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Koomson ta kasance malama a fannin sana’a, inda ta rike mukamai daban-daban da suka hada da babban malami, mataimakiyar sufurtanda da Principal Sufiritandan. Ta kuma kasance shugabar sashin jinsi na kungiyar mata malamai ta Ghana (GNATLAS) Sekondi local, ma'ajin GNATLAS (Yankin Yamma) da sakatariyar GNATLAS (Takoradi local).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Siyasa ==
Koomson ita mamba ce a Sabuwar Jam'iyyar Patriotic Party. A halin yanzu ita ce ‘yar majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Awutu Senya ta Gabas a yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|access-date=2022-11-26|website=www.parliament.gh|archive-date=2024-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314134706/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=30|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ministan majalisar ===
A watan Mayun 2017, Shugaba Nana Akufo-Addo ya nada Mavis Hawa Koomson a matsayin wani bangare na ministoci goma sha tara da za su kafa majalisar ministocinsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot; /&gt; An mika sunayen ministoci 19 ga majalisar dokokin Ghana kuma kakakin majalisar Rt. Hon. Farfesa Mike Ocquaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;carbi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=FM|first1=Citi|title=Arts Minister Catherine Afeku makes it to Cabinet|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839|website=ghanaweb.com|publisher=ghanaweb|accessdate=7 July 2017|archive-date=31 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731025902/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Arts-Minister-Catherine-Afeku-makes-it-to-Cabinet-542839|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na ministar majalisar zartaswa, Mavis Hawa Koomson na cikin da'irar shugaban kasa kuma tana ba da taimako ga muhimman ayyukan yanke shawara a kasar. A halin yanzu ita ce ministar kiwon kifi da raya ruwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-09-13|title=Digitization of premix distribution; fishermen to access product with canoe ID cards|url=https://citibusinessnews.com/2021/09/digitization-of-premix-distribution-fishermen-to-access-product-with-canoe-id-cards/|access-date=2021-09-15|website=Citi Business News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Zaben 2020 ===
A babban zaben Ghana na 2020, ta lashe kujerar majalisar dokokin Awutu Senya ta Gabas da kuri'u 57,114 wanda ya samu kashi 52.6% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada yayin da 'yar takarar majalisar dokokin kasar ta NDC Phillis Naa Koryoo Okunor ta samu kuri'u 51,561 da ya samu kashi 47.5% na jimillar kuri'un da aka kada,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliamentary Results for Awutu-senya East|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/ghanaelection2020/elections.constituency.results.php?mode=parliamentary&amp;ID=78|access-date=2022-11-26|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dan takarar majalisar dokokin GUM Hanson Ishmael Amuzu ya samu kuri'u 0 wanda ya zama kashi 0.0% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, dan takarar majalisar dokokin CPP Addy Ismael ya samu kuri'u 0 wanda ya zama kashi 0.0% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada, dan takarar majalisar dokokin GCPP Peter Kwao Lartey ya samu kuri'u 0 da ya samu kashi 0.0% na jimlar kuri'un da aka kada kuma dan takarar majalisar dokokin jam'iyyar UPP Mohammed Issah Al-Marzuque ya samu kuri'u 0 wanda ya zama kashi 0.0% na yawan kuri'un da aka kada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election - Awutu Senya East Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/|access-date=2022-11-26|website=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archive-date=2022-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126160022/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/awutu_senya_east/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kwamitin ===
Koomson mamba ce a Kwamitin Kasuwanci.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Rigima ==
A watan Yulin 2020, Hawa Koomson ta keta dokokin tsaro tare da harbin bindiga a cikin taron jama'a da ke kan hanyar yin rijistar katin zabe mai cike da cece-kuce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-22|title=NPP must sanction Hawa Koomson – Peace Council condemns Kasoa shooting|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/|access-date=2020-07-23|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930203510/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/npp-must-sanction-hawa-koomson-peace-council-condemns-kasoa-shooting/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hawa Koomson: Minister fires gun at registration centre, 4 arrested|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/hawa-koomson-minister-fires-gun-at-registration-centre-4-arrested.html|access-date=2020-07-23|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan lamari ya faru ne a garin Kasoa. Ministar ta yi ikirarin cewa an sanar da ita wasu baki da suka zo daga garuruwa daban-daban domin yin rajista a mazabarta. Ta dauki hakan a matsayin barazana ga nasarar jam'iyyar ta a zabe mai zuwa. Ministar ta yi ikirarin cewa matakin na kare kai ne saboda ta ji an yi mata barazana. Ta amsa gayyatar da CID na ‘yan sandan yankin ta tsakiya suka yi masa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Rundunar ‘yan sandan yankin tsakiyar kasar ne ta kwato bindigar ta. An kuma karbo lasisin da ke dauke da makamin lokacin da ta kai rahoto ga ‘yan sanda a Cape Coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Police retrieve Hawa Koomson's gun|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-police-retrieve-hawa-koomson-s-gun.html|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ita Kirista ce kuma tana da aure da ’ya’ya uku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=2595|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Koomson, Hawa Mavis|website=ghanamps.com|accessdate=2016-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tallafawa ==
Ta gabatar da gasar kwallon kafa na shekara-shekara da aka yi wa lakabi da kofin Kasoa a tsakanin matasa a mazabarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-27|title=Hawa Koomson opens Kasoa Championship - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/hawa-koomson-opens-kasoa-championship/|access-date=2022-11-26|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2021, Koomson ta gina zauren coci don Cocin Methodist na Bethel a Kasoa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=admin|date=2021-09-22|title=Hawa Koomson hands over church hall to Kasoa Bethel Methodist Church|url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/hawa-koomson-hands-over-church-hall-to-kasoa-bethel-methodist-church/|access-date=2022-11-26|website=Ghanaian Times|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tarihin ɗan-Adam</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350566037|Human history]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Tarihin [[Ɗan Adam|'yan adam]]''', ko '''Tarihin duniya''', shine rikodin bil'adama daga [[prehistory]] zuwa yanzu. Mutanen zamani sun samo asali ne a [[Afirka]] kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata kuma da farko sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-mai tarawa. Sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a lokacin Ice Age na Ƙarshe, sun bazu zuwa kowace nahiya sai dai [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a ƙarshen ta, shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata. Ba da daɗewa ba, [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a [[Yammacin Asiya]] ya haɗa da kiwon shuke-shuke da dabbobi na farko, kuma ya ga mutane da yawa sun sauya daga rayuwar makiyaya zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta a matsayin manoma a cikin mazauna dindindin. Ƙaruwar rikitarwa na al'ummomin ɗan adam ya buƙaci tsarin lissafi da rubutu.

Al'adun farko sun fito ne a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira]], Peru, [[Kogin Indus|Kwarin Indus]], da [[Tarihin Kasar Sin|China]], suna nuna farkon zamanin d ̄ a a cikin karni na 4 KZ. Wadannan wayewa sun ba da Waƙar kafa daular yanki kuma sun samar da ƙasa mai kyau ga ra'ayoyin falsafa da na addini. Hinduism ya samo asali ne a lokacin marigayi Bronze Age kuma an bi shi da tsarin imani da yawa na Axial Age: Buddha, Confucianism, [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka]], [[Jainanci|Jainisma]], Yahudanci, [[Taoism]], da [[Zoroastra|Zoroastrianism]]. [[Kiristanci]] ya fara ne daga baya a matsayin reshe na [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]]. Lokacin da ya biyo baya, daga kimanin 500 zuwa 1500 AZ, ya haɗa da tashiwar Islama da bunƙasa na China a ƙarƙashin daular Tang da Song yayin da wayewa ta faɗaɗa zuwa sababbin sassan duniya kuma cinikayya tsakanin al'ummomi ta ƙaru. Manyan daular sun tashi kuma sun fadi, kamar [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] [[Musulunci]], da [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]]. Abubuwan da aka kirkira a wannan lokacin na gunpowder da na'urar buga littattafai sun shafi tarihin baya sosai.&amp;nbsp;

A farkon [[Zamanin Zamani|zamani]] zamani, daga kimanin 1500 zuwa 1800 AZ, ikon Turai sun binciki yankuna kuma sun mallaki yankuna a duk duniya, suna ƙarfafa musayar al'adu da tattalin arziki. Canje-canje na ilimi, al'adu, da fasaha a wannan zamanin sun haɗa da [[Renaissance]], Reformation, Scientific Revolution, da Enlightenment. A cikin karni na 18, tarin ilimi da fasaha sun kai ga wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da [[Protestant Reformation|Juyin Juya Halin]] masana'antu, wanda ya haifar le Babban Bambanci, kuma ya fara zamanin zamani wanda ya fara a kusa da 1800 AZ. Saurin ci gaba a cikin ikon samarwa ya kara karuwar cinikayya da mulkin mallaka na duniya, yana haɗa wayewa daban-daban a cikin tsarin duniya da kuma karfafa rinjayar Turai a cikin karni na 19. A cikin shekaru 250 da suka gabata, wanda ya haɗa da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya, an sami gagarumin hanzari a fannoni da yawa, gami da [[Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a|Yawan mutane]], noma, masana'antu, kasuwanci, ilimin kimiyya, fasaha, sadarwa, ikon soja, da lalacewar muhalli.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi na farko ==

=== Asalin Mutum ===
Mutane sun samo asali ne daga manyan birrai a Afirka ta hanyar zuriyar hominins, waɗanda suka taso daga 7-5.&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.  Ba kamar sauran birai ba, hominins sun haɓaka ƙafafu biyu, ikon tafiya da ƙafafu biyu.  Hominins sun fara amfani da kayan aikin dutse na asali {{Circa|3.3}}&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, {{Efn|This date comes from the 2015 discovery of stone tools at the [[Lomekwi]] site in Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harmand|2015|pp=[https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8697F75/download 310–315]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some paleontologists propose an earlier date of 3.39&amp;nbsp;million years ago based on bones found with butchery marks on them in [[Dikika]], Ethiopia,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McPherron|Alemseged|Marean|Wynn|2010|pp=857–860}}&lt;/ref&gt; while others dispute both the Dikika and Lomekwi findings.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Domínguez-Rodrigo|Alcalá|2016|pp=[https://paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20160046.pdf 46–53]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} wanda ke nuna zuwan zamanin Paleolithic .  Juyin halittar hominin na farko ya yi daidai da canje-canjen yanayi a Afirka wanda ya sa nahiyar ta zama busasshe, sanyi, kuma ba ta da dazuzzuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan canje-canjen, musamman ma zagayowar lokutan glacial da interglacial waɗanda suka fara shekaru miliyan 3.2 da suka wuce, wataƙila sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da juyin halittar ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Halitta ta Homo ta samo asali ne daga ''Australopithecus'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Strait|2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rubuce-rubucen farko na Homo shine ƙashin ƙashin shekaru miliyan 2.8 daga Habasha,  kuma nau'in da aka fi sani da suna shine ''Homo habilis'' wanda ya samo asali da shekaru miliyan 2.3 da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Villmoare|Kimbel|Seyoum|Campisano|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Spoor|Gunz|Neubauer|Stelzer|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin ''Homo habilis'' da ''Australopithecus'' shine karuwar kashi 50% a girman kwakwalwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bulliet et al.|2015a}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. erectus''{{Efn|The African variant is sometimes called ''[[H. ergaster]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Scarre|2024|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata   kuma shine nau'in hominin na farko da ya [[Yaduwar farko na hominins daga Afirka|barin Afirka]] kuma ya warwatse a fadin Eurasia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Herries|Martin|Leece|Adams|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Or perhaps earlier; the 2018 discovery of stone tools from 2.1&amp;nbsp;million years ago in [[Shangchen]], China predates the earliest known ''H. erectus'' fossils.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Zhu|Dennell|Huang|Wu|2018|loc=&quot;Fourth, and most importantly, the oldest artefact age of approximately 2.12 Ma at Shangchen implies that hominins had left Africa before the date suggested by the earliest evidence from Dmanisi (about 1.85 Ma). This makes it necessary to reconsider the timing of initial dispersal of early hominins in the Old World.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dunbar|2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wataƙila tun farkon shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata, amma tabbas shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata.  Hominins sun fara amfani da wuta don zafi da dafa abinci.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Da farko kimanin shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata, Homo ya bambanta zuwa sababbin nau'o'i da yawa, na farko ''H. heidelbergensis'' a Afirka da Turai sannan Neanderthals a Turai da Denisovans a Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juyin halitta na ɗan adam ba tsari ne mai sauƙi ko ci gaba mai rassa ba amma ya haɗa da haɗuwa tsakanin nau'o'in da suka danganci. Neanderthals, Denisovans, ''Homo sapiens'', da sauran hominins da ba a san su ba duk sun haɗu da juna kuma sun haɗu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ackermann|Mackay|Arnold|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mutane na farko ===
''Homo sapiens'' ya samo asali ne a Afirka kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata daga ''H. heidelbergensis'' .  Mutane sun ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa kuma sun zama na zamani ta hanyar shekaru 125,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata sun binne matattu, sun sa kayan ado, kuma sun yi wa jikinta ado da ja ochre. Ɗaya daga cikin canje-canje mafi muhimmanci (wanda ba a san ranar ba) shine ci gaban harshe na syntactic, wanda ya inganta ikon ɗan adam na sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutanen Paleolithic sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-masu tarawa kuma gabaɗaya makiyaya ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun alamun bayyanar fasaha ta farko a cikin nau'ikan zane-zanen kogo da siffofi da aka yi da hauren giwa, dutse, da ƙashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wiesner-Hanks|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hoton kogon|Hotunan kogo]] suna nuna wani nau'i na ruhaniya gabaɗaya ana fassara shi azaman animism  ko shamanism. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McNeill|McNeill|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan kiɗa na farko da aka sani ban da muryar ɗan adam sune ƙaho na ƙashi daga Swabian Jura a Jamus, wanda aka rubuta kusan shekaru 40,000.

Mutane sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka fara shekaru 194,000-177,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weber|Hershkovitz|Gunz|Neubauer|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Efn|These dates come from a 2018 study of an upper jawbone from [[Misliya Cave]], Israel.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Herschkovitz|2018|pp=456–459}}&lt;/ref&gt; Researchers studying a fossil skull from [[Apidima Cave]], Greece in 2019 proposed an earlier date of 210,000 years ago.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harvati|Röding|Bosman|Karakostis|2019|pp=[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1376-z 500–504]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Apidima Cave study has been challenged by other scholars.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Rosas|Bastir|2020|p=[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003552120300042 102745]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} Babban ra'ayi tsakanin malamai shine cewa farkon raƙuman ƙaura sun mutu, kuma duk waɗanda ba 'yan Afirka ba ne na zamani sun fito ne daga rukuni ɗaya da ya bar Afirka shekaru 70,000-50,000 da suka gabata. ''H. sapiens'' ya ci gaba da mulkin mallaka a duk nahiyoyi da manyan tsibirai, ya isa Ostiraliya shekaru 65,000 da suka gabata,  Turai shekaru 45,000 da suka wuce,  Amurka shekaru 21,000 da suka gabata.{{Efn|Other scholars argue in favor of a northern dispersal of humans through Central Asia into China, or a multiple dispersal model with several different routes of migration.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Li|Petraglia|Roberts|Gao|2020|pp=1699–1700}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Clarkson|Jacobs|Marwick|Fullagar|2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bennett|2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan ƙaura sun faru ne a lokacin Ice Age na baya-bayan nan, lokacin da yankuna daban-daban na yau ba su da kyau. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Ice Age kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata, mutane sun mallaki kusan dukkanin sassan duniya marasa kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaduwar ɗan adam ya yi daidai da abin da ya faru na Quaternary da kuma Neanderthal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan halaka sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne saboda canjin yanayi, aikin ɗan adam, ko haɗuwa da su biyu.</text>
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'''Tarihin [[Ɗan Adam|'yan adam]]''', ko '''Tarihin duniya''', shine rikodin bil'adama daga [[prehistory]] zuwa yanzu. Mutanen zamani sun samo asali ne a [[Afirka]] kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata kuma da farko sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-mai tarawa. Sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a lokacin Ice Age na Ƙarshe, sun bazu zuwa kowace nahiya sai dai [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a ƙarshen ta, shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata. Ba da daɗewa ba, [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a [[Yammacin Asiya]] ya haɗa da kiwon shuke-shuke da dabbobi na farko, kuma ya ga mutane da yawa sun sauya daga rayuwar makiyaya zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta a matsayin manoma a cikin mazauna dindindin. Ƙaruwar rikitarwa na al'ummomin ɗan adam ya buƙaci tsarin lissafi da rubutu.

Al'adun farko sun fito ne a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira]], Peru, [[Kogin Indus|Kwarin Indus]], da [[Tarihin Kasar Sin|China]], suna nuna farkon zamanin d ̄ a a cikin karni na 4 KZ. Wadannan wayewa sun ba da Waƙar kafa daular yanki kuma sun samar da ƙasa mai kyau ga ra'ayoyin falsafa da na addini. Hinduism ya samo asali ne a lokacin marigayi Bronze Age kuma an bi shi da tsarin imani da yawa na Axial Age: Buddha, Confucianism, [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka]], [[Jainanci|Jainisma]], Yahudanci, [[Taoism]], da [[Zoroastra|Zoroastrianism]]. [[Kiristanci]] ya fara ne daga baya a matsayin reshe na [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]]. Lokacin da ya biyo baya, daga kimanin 500 zuwa 1500 AZ, ya haɗa da tashiwar Islama da bunƙasa na China a ƙarƙashin daular Tang da Song yayin da wayewa ta faɗaɗa zuwa sababbin sassan duniya kuma cinikayya tsakanin al'ummomi ta ƙaru. Manyan daular sun tashi kuma sun fadi, kamar [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] [[Musulunci]], da [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]]. Abubuwan da aka kirkira a wannan lokacin na gunpowder da na'urar buga littattafai sun shafi tarihin baya sosai.&amp;nbsp;

A farkon [[Zamanin Zamani|zamani]] zamani, daga kimanin 1500 zuwa 1800 AZ, ikon Turai sun binciki yankuna kuma sun mallaki yankuna a duk duniya, suna ƙarfafa musayar al'adu da tattalin arziki. Canje-canje na ilimi, al'adu, da fasaha a wannan zamanin sun haɗa da [[Renaissance]], Reformation, Scientific Revolution, da Enlightenment. A cikin karni na 18, tarin ilimi da fasaha sun kai ga wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da [[Protestant Reformation|Juyin Juya Halin]] masana'antu, wanda ya haifar le Babban Bambanci, kuma ya fara zamanin zamani wanda ya fara a kusa da 1800 AZ. Saurin ci gaba a cikin ikon samarwa ya kara karuwar cinikayya da mulkin mallaka na duniya, yana haɗa wayewa daban-daban a cikin tsarin duniya da kuma karfafa rinjayar Turai a cikin karni na 19. A cikin shekaru 250 da suka gabata, wanda ya haɗa da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya, an sami gagarumin hanzari a fannoni da yawa, gami da [[Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a|Yawan mutane]], noma, masana'antu, kasuwanci, ilimin kimiyya, fasaha, sadarwa, ikon soja, da lalacewar muhalli.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi na farko ==

=== Asalin Mutum ===
Mutane sun samo asali ne daga manyan birrai a Afirka ta hanyar zuriyar hominins, waɗanda suka taso daga 7-5.&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.  Ba kamar sauran birai ba, hominins sun haɓaka ƙafafu biyu, ikon tafiya da ƙafafu biyu.  Hominins sun fara amfani da kayan aikin dutse na asali {{Circa|3.3}}&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, {{Efn|This date comes from the 2015 discovery of stone tools at the [[Lomekwi]] site in Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harmand|2015|pp=[https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8697F75/download 310–315]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some paleontologists propose an earlier date of 3.39&amp;nbsp;million years ago based on bones found with butchery marks on them in [[Dikika]], Ethiopia,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McPherron|Alemseged|Marean|Wynn|2010|pp=857–860}}&lt;/ref&gt; while others dispute both the Dikika and Lomekwi findings.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Domínguez-Rodrigo|Alcalá|2016|pp=[https://paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20160046.pdf 46–53]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} wanda ke nuna zuwan zamanin Paleolithic .  Juyin halittar hominin na farko ya yi daidai da canje-canjen yanayi a Afirka wanda ya sa nahiyar ta zama busasshe, sanyi, kuma ba ta da dazuzzuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan canje-canjen, musamman ma zagayowar lokutan glacial da interglacial waɗanda suka fara shekaru miliyan 3.2 da suka wuce, wataƙila sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da juyin halittar ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Halitta ta Homo ta samo asali ne daga ''Australopithecus'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Strait|2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rubuce-rubucen farko na Homo shine ƙashin ƙashin shekaru miliyan 2.8 daga Habasha,  kuma nau'in da aka fi sani da suna shine ''Homo habilis'' wanda ya samo asali da shekaru miliyan 2.3 da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Villmoare|Kimbel|Seyoum|Campisano|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Spoor|Gunz|Neubauer|Stelzer|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin ''Homo habilis'' da ''Australopithecus'' shine karuwar kashi 50% a girman kwakwalwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bulliet et al.|2015a}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. erectus''{{Efn|The African variant is sometimes called ''[[H. ergaster]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Scarre|2024|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata   kuma shine nau'in hominin na farko da ya [[Yaduwar farko na hominins daga Afirka|barin Afirka]] kuma ya warwatse a fadin Eurasia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Herries|Martin|Leece|Adams|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Or perhaps earlier; the 2018 discovery of stone tools from 2.1&amp;nbsp;million years ago in [[Shangchen]], China predates the earliest known ''H. erectus'' fossils.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Zhu|Dennell|Huang|Wu|2018|loc=&quot;Fourth, and most importantly, the oldest artefact age of approximately 2.12 Ma at Shangchen implies that hominins had left Africa before the date suggested by the earliest evidence from Dmanisi (about 1.85 Ma). This makes it necessary to reconsider the timing of initial dispersal of early hominins in the Old World.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dunbar|2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wataƙila tun farkon shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata, amma tabbas shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata.  Hominins sun fara amfani da wuta don zafi da dafa abinci.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Da farko kimanin shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata, Homo ya bambanta zuwa sababbin nau'o'i da yawa, na farko ''H. heidelbergensis'' a Afirka da Turai sannan Neanderthals a Turai da Denisovans a Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juyin halitta na ɗan adam ba tsari ne mai sauƙi ko ci gaba mai rassa ba amma ya haɗa da haɗuwa tsakanin nau'o'in da suka danganci. Neanderthals, Denisovans, ''Homo sapiens'', da sauran hominins da ba a san su ba duk sun haɗu da juna kuma sun haɗu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ackermann|Mackay|Arnold|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mutane na farko ===
''Homo sapiens'' ya samo asali ne a Afirka kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata daga ''H. heidelbergensis'' .  Mutane sun ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa kuma sun zama na zamani ta hanyar shekaru 125,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata sun binne matattu, sun sa kayan ado, kuma sun yi wa jikinta ado da ja ochre. Ɗaya daga cikin canje-canje mafi muhimmanci (wanda ba a san ranar ba) shine ci gaban harshe na syntactic, wanda ya inganta ikon ɗan adam na sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutanen Paleolithic sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-masu tarawa kuma gabaɗaya makiyaya ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun alamun bayyanar fasaha ta farko a cikin nau'ikan zane-zanen kogo da siffofi da aka yi da hauren giwa, dutse, da ƙashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wiesner-Hanks|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hoton kogon|Hotunan kogo]] suna nuna wani nau'i na ruhaniya gabaɗaya ana fassara shi azaman animism  ko shamanism. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McNeill|McNeill|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan kiɗa na farko da aka sani ban da muryar ɗan adam sune ƙaho na ƙashi daga Swabian Jura a Jamus, wanda aka rubuta kusan shekaru 40,000.

Mutane sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka fara shekaru 194,000-177,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weber|Hershkovitz|Gunz|Neubauer|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Efn|These dates come from a 2018 study of an upper jawbone from [[Misliya Cave]], Israel.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Herschkovitz|2018|pp=456–459}}&lt;/ref&gt; Researchers studying a fossil skull from [[Apidima Cave]], Greece in 2019 proposed an earlier date of 210,000 years ago.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harvati|Röding|Bosman|Karakostis|2019|pp=[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1376-z 500–504]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Apidima Cave study has been challenged by other scholars.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Rosas|Bastir|2020|p=[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003552120300042 102745]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} Babban ra'ayi tsakanin malamai shine cewa farkon raƙuman ƙaura sun mutu, kuma duk waɗanda ba 'yan Afirka ba ne na zamani sun fito ne daga rukuni ɗaya da ya bar Afirka shekaru 70,000-50,000 da suka gabata. ''H. sapiens'' ya ci gaba da mulkin mallaka a duk nahiyoyi da manyan tsibirai, ya isa Ostiraliya shekaru 65,000 da suka gabata,  Turai shekaru 45,000 da suka wuce,  Amurka shekaru 21,000 da suka gabata.{{Efn|Other scholars argue in favor of a northern dispersal of humans through Central Asia into China, or a multiple dispersal model with several different routes of migration.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Li|Petraglia|Roberts|Gao|2020|pp=1699–1700}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Clarkson|Jacobs|Marwick|Fullagar|2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bennett|2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan ƙaura sun faru ne a lokacin Ice Age na baya-bayan nan, lokacin da yankuna daban-daban na yau ba su da kyau. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Ice Age kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata, mutane sun mallaki kusan dukkanin sassan duniya marasa kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaduwar ɗan adam ya yi daidai da abin da ya faru na Quaternary da kuma Neanderthal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan halaka sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne saboda canjin yanayi, aikin ɗan adam, ko haɗuwa da su biyu.</text>
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'''Tarihin [[Ɗan Adam|'yan adam]]''', ko '''Tarihin duniya''', shine rikodin bil'adama daga [[prehistory]] zuwa yanzu. Mutanen zamani sun samo asali ne a [[Afirka]] kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata kuma da farko sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-mai tarawa. Sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a lokacin Ice Age na Ƙarshe, sun bazu zuwa kowace nahiya sai dai [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a ƙarshen ta, shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata. Ba da daɗewa ba, [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a [[Yammacin Asiya]] ya haɗa da kiwon shuke-shuke da dabbobi na farko, kuma ya ga mutane da yawa sun sauya daga rayuwar makiyaya zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta a matsayin manoma a cikin mazauna dindindin. Ƙaruwar rikitarwa na al'ummomin ɗan adam ya buƙaci tsarin lissafi da rubutu.

Al'adun farko sun fito ne a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira]], Peru, [[Kogin Indus|Kwarin Indus]], da [[Tarihin Kasar Sin|China]], suna nuna farkon zamanin d ̄ a a cikin karni na 4 KZ. Wadannan wayewa sun ba da Waƙar kafa daular yanki kuma sun samar da ƙasa mai kyau ga ra'ayoyin falsafa da na addini. Hinduism ya samo asali ne a lokacin marigayi Bronze Age kuma an bi shi da tsarin imani da yawa na Axial Age: Buddha, Confucianism, [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka]], [[Jainanci|Jainisma]], Yahudanci, [[Taoism]], da [[Zoroastra|Zoroastrianism]]. [[Kiristanci]] ya fara ne daga baya a matsayin reshe na [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]]. Lokacin da ya biyo baya, daga kimanin 500 zuwa 1500 AZ, ya haɗa da tashiwar Islama da bunƙasa na China a ƙarƙashin daular Tang da Song yayin da wayewa ta faɗaɗa zuwa sababbin sassan duniya kuma cinikayya tsakanin al'ummomi ta ƙaru. Manyan daular sun tashi kuma sun fadi, kamar [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] [[Musulunci]], da [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]]. Abubuwan da aka kirkira a wannan lokacin na gunpowder da na'urar buga littattafai sun shafi tarihin baya sosai.&amp;nbsp;

A farkon [[Zamanin Zamani|zamani]] zamani, daga kimanin 1500 zuwa 1800 AZ, ikon Turai sun binciki yankuna kuma sun mallaki yankuna a duk duniya, suna ƙarfafa musayar al'adu da tattalin arziki. Canje-canje na ilimi, al'adu, da fasaha a wannan zamanin sun haɗa da [[Renaissance]], Reformation, Scientific Revolution, da Enlightenment. A cikin karni na 18, tarin ilimi da fasaha sun kai ga wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da [[Protestant Reformation|Juyin Juya Halin]] masana'antu, wanda ya haifar le Babban Bambanci, kuma ya fara zamanin zamani wanda ya fara a kusa da 1800 AZ. Saurin ci gaba a cikin ikon samarwa ya kara karuwar cinikayya da mulkin mallaka na duniya, yana haɗa wayewa daban-daban a cikin tsarin duniya da kuma karfafa rinjayar Turai a cikin karni na 19. A cikin shekaru 250 da suka gabata, wanda ya haɗa da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya, an sami gagarumin hanzari a fannoni da yawa, gami da [[Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a|Yawan mutane]], noma, masana'antu, kasuwanci, ilimin kimiyya, fasaha, sadarwa, ikon soja, da lalacewar muhalli.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi na farko ==

=== Asalin Mutum ===
Mutane sun samo asali ne daga manyan birrai a Afirka ta hanyar zuriyar hominins, waɗanda suka taso daga 7-5.&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.  Ba kamar sauran birai ba, hominins sun haɓaka ƙafafu biyu, ikon tafiya da ƙafafu biyu.  Hominins sun fara amfani da kayan aikin dutse na asali {{Circa|3.3}}&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, {{Efn|This date comes from the 2015 discovery of stone tools at the [[Lomekwi]] site in Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harmand|2015|pp=[https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8697F75/download 310–315]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some paleontologists propose an earlier date of 3.39&amp;nbsp;million years ago based on bones found with butchery marks on them in [[Dikika]], Ethiopia,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McPherron|Alemseged|Marean|Wynn|2010|pp=857–860}}&lt;/ref&gt; while others dispute both the Dikika and Lomekwi findings.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Domínguez-Rodrigo|Alcalá|2016|pp=[https://paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20160046.pdf 46–53]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} wanda ke nuna zuwan zamanin Paleolithic .  Juyin halittar hominin na farko ya yi daidai da canje-canjen yanayi a Afirka wanda ya sa nahiyar ta zama busasshe, sanyi, kuma ba ta da dazuzzuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan canje-canjen, musamman ma zagayowar lokutan glacial da interglacial waɗanda suka fara shekaru miliyan 3.2 da suka wuce, wataƙila sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da juyin halittar ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Halitta ta Homo ta samo asali ne daga ''Australopithecus'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Strait|2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rubuce-rubucen farko na Homo shine ƙashin ƙashin shekaru miliyan 2.8 daga Habasha,  kuma nau'in da aka fi sani da suna shine ''Homo habilis'' wanda ya samo asali da shekaru miliyan 2.3 da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Villmoare|Kimbel|Seyoum|Campisano|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Spoor|Gunz|Neubauer|Stelzer|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin ''Homo habilis'' da ''Australopithecus'' shine karuwar kashi 50% a girman kwakwalwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bulliet et al.|2015a}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. erectus''{{Efn|The African variant is sometimes called ''[[H. ergaster]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Scarre|2024|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata   kuma shine nau'in hominin na farko da ya [[Yaduwar farko na hominins daga Afirka|barin Afirka]] kuma ya warwatse a fadin Eurasia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Herries|Martin|Leece|Adams|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Or perhaps earlier; the 2018 discovery of stone tools from 2.1&amp;nbsp;million years ago in [[Shangchen]], China predates the earliest known ''H. erectus'' fossils.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Zhu|Dennell|Huang|Wu|2018|loc=&quot;Fourth, and most importantly, the oldest artefact age of approximately 2.12 Ma at Shangchen implies that hominins had left Africa before the date suggested by the earliest evidence from Dmanisi (about 1.85 Ma). This makes it necessary to reconsider the timing of initial dispersal of early hominins in the Old World.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dunbar|2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wataƙila tun farkon shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata, amma tabbas shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata.  Hominins sun fara amfani da wuta don zafi da dafa abinci.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Da farko kimanin shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata, Homo ya bambanta zuwa sababbin nau'o'i da yawa, na farko ''H. heidelbergensis'' a Afirka da Turai sannan Neanderthals a Turai da Denisovans a Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juyin halitta na ɗan adam ba tsari ne mai sauƙi ko ci gaba mai rassa ba amma ya haɗa da haɗuwa tsakanin nau'o'in da suka danganci. Neanderthals, Denisovans, ''Homo sapiens'', da sauran hominins da ba a san su ba duk sun haɗu da juna kuma sun haɗu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ackermann|Mackay|Arnold|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mutane na farko ===
''Homo sapiens'' ya samo asali ne a Afirka kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata daga ''H. heidelbergensis'' .  Mutane sun ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa kuma sun zama na zamani ta hanyar shekaru 125,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata sun binne matattu, sun sa kayan ado, kuma sun yi wa jikinta ado da ja ochre. Ɗaya daga cikin canje-canje mafi muhimmanci (wanda ba a san ranar ba) shine ci gaban harshe na syntactic, wanda ya inganta ikon ɗan adam na sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutanen Paleolithic sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-masu tarawa kuma gabaɗaya makiyaya ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun alamun bayyanar fasaha ta farko a cikin nau'ikan zane-zanen kogo da siffofi da aka yi da hauren giwa, dutse, da ƙashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wiesner-Hanks|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hoton kogon|Hotunan kogo]] suna nuna wani nau'i na ruhaniya gabaɗaya ana fassara shi azaman animism  ko shamanism. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McNeill|McNeill|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan kiɗa na farko da aka sani ban da muryar ɗan adam sune ƙaho na ƙashi daga Swabian Jura a Jamus, wanda aka rubuta kusan shekaru 40,000.

Mutane sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka fara shekaru 194,000-177,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weber|Hershkovitz|Gunz|Neubauer|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Efn|These dates come from a 2018 study of an upper jawbone from [[Misliya Cave]], Israel.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Herschkovitz|2018|pp=456–459}}&lt;/ref&gt; Researchers studying a fossil skull from [[Apidima Cave]], Greece in 2019 proposed an earlier date of 210,000 years ago.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harvati|Röding|Bosman|Karakostis|2019|pp=[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1376-z 500–504]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Apidima Cave study has been challenged by other scholars.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Rosas|Bastir|2020|p=[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003552120300042 102745]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} Babban ra'ayi tsakanin malamai shine cewa farkon raƙuman ƙaura sun mutu, kuma duk waɗanda ba 'yan Afirka ba ne na zamani sun fito ne daga rukuni ɗaya da ya bar Afirka shekaru 70,000-50,000 da suka gabata. ''H. sapiens'' ya ci gaba da mulkin mallaka a duk nahiyoyi da manyan tsibirai, ya isa Ostiraliya shekaru 65,000 da suka gabata,  Turai shekaru 45,000 da suka wuce,  Amurka shekaru 21,000 da suka gabata.{{Efn|Other scholars argue in favor of a northern dispersal of humans through Central Asia into China, or a multiple dispersal model with several different routes of migration.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Li|Petraglia|Roberts|Gao|2020|pp=1699–1700}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Clarkson|Jacobs|Marwick|Fullagar|2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bennett|2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan ƙaura sun faru ne a lokacin Ice Age na baya-bayan nan, lokacin da yankuna daban-daban na yau ba su da kyau. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Ice Age kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata, mutane sun mallaki kusan dukkanin sassan duniya marasa kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaduwar ɗan adam ya yi daidai da abin da ya faru na Quaternary da kuma Neanderthal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan halaka sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne saboda canjin yanayi, aikin ɗan adam, ko haɗuwa da su biyu.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tarihin [[Ɗan Adam|'yan adam]]''', ko '''Tarihin duniya''', shine rikodin bil'adama daga [[prehistory]] zuwa yanzu. Mutanen zamani sun samo asali ne a [[Afirka]] kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata kuma da farko sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-mai tarawa. Sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a lokacin Ice Age na Ƙarshe, sun bazu zuwa kowace nahiya sai dai [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a ƙarshen ta, shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata. Ba da daɗewa ba, [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a [[Yammacin Asiya]] ya haɗa da kiwon shuke-shuke da dabbobi na farko, kuma ya ga mutane da yawa sun sauya daga rayuwar makiyaya zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta a matsayin manoma a cikin mazauna dindindin. Ƙaruwar rikitarwa na al'ummomin ɗan adam ya buƙaci tsarin lissafi da rubutu.

Al'adun farko sun fito ne a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira]], Peru, [[Kogin Indus|Kwarin Indus]], da [[Tarihin Kasar Sin|China]], suna nuna farkon zamanin d ̄ a a cikin karni na 4 KZ. Wadannan wayewa sun ba da Waƙar kafa daular yanki kuma sun samar da ƙasa mai kyau ga ra'ayoyin falsafa da na addini. Hinduism ya samo asali ne a lokacin marigayi Bronze Age kuma an bi shi da tsarin imani da yawa na Axial Age: Buddha, Confucianism, [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka]], [[Jainanci|Jainisma]], Yahudanci, [[Taoism]], da [[Zoroastra|Zoroastrianism]]. [[Kiristanci]] ya fara ne daga baya a matsayin reshe na [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]]. Lokacin da ya biyo baya, daga kimanin 500 zuwa 1500 AZ, ya haɗa da tashiwar Islama da bunƙasa na China a ƙarƙashin daular Tang da Song yayin da wayewa ta faɗaɗa zuwa sababbin sassan duniya kuma cinikayya tsakanin al'ummomi ta ƙaru. Manyan daular sun tashi kuma sun fadi, kamar [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] [[Musulunci]], da [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]]. Abubuwan da aka kirkira a wannan lokacin na gunpowder da na'urar buga littattafai sun shafi tarihin baya sosai.&amp;nbsp;

A farkon [[Zamanin Zamani|zamani]] zamani, daga kimanin 1500 zuwa 1800 AZ, ikon Turai sun binciki yankuna kuma sun mallaki yankuna a duk duniya, suna ƙarfafa musayar al'adu da tattalin arziki. Canje-canje na ilimi, al'adu, da fasaha a wannan zamanin sun haɗa da [[Renaissance]], Reformation, Scientific Revolution, da Enlightenment. A cikin karni na 18, tarin ilimi da fasaha sun kai ga wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da [[Protestant Reformation|Juyin Juya Halin]] masana'antu, wanda ya haifar le Babban Bambanci, kuma ya fara zamanin zamani wanda ya fara a kusa da 1800 AZ. Saurin ci gaba a cikin ikon samarwa ya kara karuwar cinikayya da mulkin mallaka na duniya, yana haɗa wayewa daban-daban a cikin tsarin duniya da kuma karfafa rinjayar Turai a cikin karni na 19. A cikin shekaru 250 da suka gabata, wanda ya haɗa da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya, an sami gagarumin hanzari a fannoni da yawa, gami da [[Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a|Yawan mutane]], noma, masana'antu, kasuwanci, ilimin kimiyya, fasaha, sadarwa, ikon soja, da lalacewar muhalli.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi na farko ==

=== Asalin Mutum ===
Mutane sun samo asali ne daga manyan birrai a Afirka ta hanyar zuriyar hominins, waɗanda suka taso daga 7-5.&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.  Ba kamar sauran birai ba, hominins sun haɓaka ƙafafu biyu, ikon tafiya da ƙafafu biyu.  Hominins sun fara amfani da kayan aikin dutse na asali {{Circa|3.3}}&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, {{Efn|This date comes from the 2015 discovery of stone tools at the [[Lomekwi]] site in Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harmand|2015|pp=[https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8697F75/download 310–315]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some paleontologists propose an earlier date of 3.39&amp;nbsp;million years ago based on bones found with butchery marks on them in [[Dikika]], Ethiopia,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McPherron|Alemseged|Marean|Wynn|2010|pp=857–860}}&lt;/ref&gt; while others dispute both the Dikika and Lomekwi findings.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Domínguez-Rodrigo|Alcalá|2016|pp=[https://paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20160046.pdf 46–53]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} wanda ke nuna zuwan zamanin Paleolithic .  Juyin halittar hominin na farko ya yi daidai da canje-canjen yanayi a Afirka wanda ya sa nahiyar ta zama busasshe, sanyi, kuma ba ta da dazuzzuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan canje-canjen, musamman ma zagayowar lokutan glacial da interglacial waɗanda suka fara shekaru miliyan 3.2 da suka wuce, wataƙila sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da juyin halittar ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Halitta ta Homo ta samo asali ne daga ''Australopithecus'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Strait|2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rubuce-rubucen farko na Homo shine ƙashin ƙashin shekaru miliyan 2.8 daga Habasha,  kuma nau'in da aka fi sani da suna shine ''Homo habilis'' wanda ya samo asali da shekaru miliyan 2.3 da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Villmoare|Kimbel|Seyoum|Campisano|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Spoor|Gunz|Neubauer|Stelzer|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin ''Homo habilis'' da ''Australopithecus'' shine karuwar kashi 50% a girman kwakwalwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bulliet et al.|2015a}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. erectus''{{Efn|The African variant is sometimes called ''[[H. ergaster]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Scarre|2024|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata   kuma shine nau'in hominin na farko da ya [[Yaduwar farko na hominins daga Afirka|barin Afirka]] kuma ya warwatse a fadin Eurasia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Herries|Martin|Leece|Adams|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Or perhaps earlier; the 2018 discovery of stone tools from 2.1&amp;nbsp;million years ago in [[Shangchen]], China predates the earliest known ''H. erectus'' fossils.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Zhu|Dennell|Huang|Wu|2018|loc=&quot;Fourth, and most importantly, the oldest artefact age of approximately 2.12 Ma at Shangchen implies that hominins had left Africa before the date suggested by the earliest evidence from Dmanisi (about 1.85 Ma). This makes it necessary to reconsider the timing of initial dispersal of early hominins in the Old World.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dunbar|2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wataƙila tun farkon shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata, amma tabbas shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata.  Hominins sun fara amfani da wuta don zafi da dafa abinci.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Da farko kimanin shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata, Homo ya bambanta zuwa sababbin nau'o'i da yawa, na farko ''H. heidelbergensis'' a Afirka da Turai sannan Neanderthals a Turai da Denisovans a Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juyin halitta na ɗan adam ba tsari ne mai sauƙi ko ci gaba mai rassa ba amma ya haɗa da haɗuwa tsakanin nau'o'in da suka danganci. Neanderthals, Denisovans, ''Homo sapiens'', da sauran hominins da ba a san su ba duk sun haɗu da juna kuma sun haɗu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ackermann|Mackay|Arnold|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mutane na farko ===
''Homo sapiens'' ya samo asali ne a Afirka kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata daga ''H. heidelbergensis'' .  Mutane sun ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa kuma sun zama na zamani ta hanyar shekaru 125,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata sun binne matattu, sun sa kayan ado, kuma sun yi wa jikinta ado da ja ochre. Ɗaya daga cikin canje-canje mafi muhimmanci (wanda ba a san ranar ba) shine ci gaban harshe na syntactic, wanda ya inganta ikon ɗan adam na sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutanen Paleolithic sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-masu tarawa kuma gabaɗaya makiyaya ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun alamun bayyanar fasaha ta farko a cikin nau'ikan zane-zanen kogo da siffofi da aka yi da hauren giwa, dutse, da ƙashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wiesner-Hanks|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hoton kogon|Hotunan kogo]] suna nuna wani nau'i na ruhaniya gabaɗaya ana fassara shi azaman animism  ko shamanism. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McNeill|McNeill|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan kiɗa na farko da aka sani ban da muryar ɗan adam sune ƙaho na ƙashi daga Swabian Jura a Jamus, wanda aka rubuta kusan shekaru 40,000.

Mutane sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka fara shekaru 194,000-177,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weber|Hershkovitz|Gunz|Neubauer|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Babban ra'ayi tsakanin malamai shine cewa farkon raƙuman ƙaura sun mutu, kuma duk waɗanda ba 'yan Afirka ba ne na zamani sun fito ne daga rukuni ɗaya da ya bar Afirka shekaru 70,000-50,000 da suka gabata. ''H. sapiens'' ya ci gaba da mulkin mallaka a duk nahiyoyi da manyan tsibirai, ya isa Ostiraliya shekaru 65,000 da suka gabata,  Turai shekaru 45,000 da suka wuce,  Amurka shekaru 21,000 da suka gabata.{{Efn|Other scholars argue in favor of a northern dispersal of humans through Central Asia into China, or a multiple dispersal model with several different routes of migration.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Li|Petraglia|Roberts|Gao|2020|pp=1699–1700}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Clarkson|Jacobs|Marwick|Fullagar|2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bennett|2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan ƙaura sun faru ne a lokacin Ice Age na baya-bayan nan, lokacin da yankuna daban-daban na yau ba su da kyau. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Ice Age kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata, mutane sun mallaki kusan dukkanin sassan duniya marasa kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaduwar ɗan adam ya yi daidai da abin da ya faru na Quaternary da kuma Neanderthal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan halaka sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne saboda canjin yanayi, aikin ɗan adam, ko haɗuwa da su biyu.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Tarihin [[Ɗan Adam|'yan adam]]''', ko '''Tarihin duniya''', shine rikodin bil'adama daga [[prehistory]] zuwa yanzu. Mutanen zamani sun samo asali ne a [[Afirka]] kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata kuma da farko sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-mai tarawa. Sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a lokacin Ice Age na Ƙarshe, sun bazu zuwa kowace nahiya sai dai [[Antatika|Antarctica]] a ƙarshen ta, shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata. Ba da daɗewa ba, [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a [[Yammacin Asiya]] ya haɗa da kiwon shuke-shuke da dabbobi na farko, kuma ya ga mutane da yawa sun sauya daga rayuwar makiyaya zuwa rayuwa mai zaman kanta a matsayin manoma a cikin mazauna dindindin. Ƙaruwar rikitarwa na al'ummomin ɗan adam ya buƙaci tsarin lissafi da rubutu.

Al'adun farko sun fito ne a [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], [[Tsohuwar Masar|Misira]], Peru, [[Kogin Indus|Kwarin Indus]], da [[Tarihin Kasar Sin|China]], suna nuna farkon zamanin d ̄ a a cikin karni na 4 KZ. Wadannan wayewa sun ba da Waƙar kafa daular yanki kuma sun samar da ƙasa mai kyau ga ra'ayoyin falsafa da na addini. Hinduism ya samo asali ne a lokacin marigayi Bronze Age kuma an bi shi da tsarin imani da yawa na Axial Age: Buddha, Confucianism, [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka]], [[Jainanci|Jainisma]], Yahudanci, [[Taoism]], da [[Zoroastra|Zoroastrianism]]. [[Kiristanci]] ya fara ne daga baya a matsayin reshe na [[Yahudanci|Addinin Yahudanci]]. Lokacin da ya biyo baya, daga kimanin 500 zuwa 1500 AZ, ya haɗa da tashiwar Islama da bunƙasa na China a ƙarƙashin daular Tang da Song yayin da wayewa ta faɗaɗa zuwa sababbin sassan duniya kuma cinikayya tsakanin al'ummomi ta ƙaru. Manyan daular sun tashi kuma sun fadi, kamar [[Daular Rumawa|Daular Byzantine]], K[[Khalifofi|Halifa]] [[Musulunci]], da [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]]. Abubuwan da aka kirkira a wannan lokacin na gunpowder da na'urar buga littattafai sun shafi tarihin baya sosai.&amp;nbsp;

A farkon [[Zamanin Zamani|zamani]] zamani, daga kimanin 1500 zuwa 1800 AZ, ikon Turai sun binciki yankuna kuma sun mallaki yankuna a duk duniya, suna ƙarfafa musayar al'adu da tattalin arziki. Canje-canje na ilimi, al'adu, da fasaha a wannan zamanin sun haɗa da [[Renaissance]], Reformation, Scientific Revolution, da Enlightenment. A cikin karni na 18, tarin ilimi da fasaha sun kai ga wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ya haifar da [[Protestant Reformation|Juyin Juya Halin]] masana'antu, wanda ya haifar le Babban Bambanci, kuma ya fara zamanin zamani wanda ya fara a kusa da 1800 AZ. Saurin ci gaba a cikin ikon samarwa ya kara karuwar cinikayya da mulkin mallaka na duniya, yana haɗa wayewa daban-daban a cikin tsarin duniya da kuma karfafa rinjayar Turai a cikin karni na 19. A cikin shekaru 250 da suka gabata, wanda ya haɗa da yaƙe-yaƙe biyu na duniya, an sami gagarumin hanzari a fannoni da yawa, gami da [[Ƙaruwar yawan jama'a|Yawan mutane]], noma, masana'antu, kasuwanci, ilimin kimiyya, fasaha, sadarwa, ikon soja, da lalacewar muhalli.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

== Tarihi na farko ==

=== Asalin Mutum ===
Mutane sun samo asali ne daga manyan birrai a Afirka ta hanyar zuriyar hominins, waɗanda suka taso daga 7-5.&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.  Ba kamar sauran birai ba, hominins sun haɓaka ƙafafu biyu, ikon tafiya da ƙafafu biyu.  Hominins sun fara amfani da kayan aikin dutse na asali {{Circa|3.3}}&amp;nbsp;shekaru miliyan da suka wuce, {{Efn|This date comes from the 2015 discovery of stone tools at the [[Lomekwi]] site in Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Harmand|2015|pp=[https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/D8697F75/download 310–315]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some paleontologists propose an earlier date of 3.39&amp;nbsp;million years ago based on bones found with butchery marks on them in [[Dikika]], Ethiopia,&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|McPherron|Alemseged|Marean|Wynn|2010|pp=857–860}}&lt;/ref&gt; while others dispute both the Dikika and Lomekwi findings.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Domínguez-Rodrigo|Alcalá|2016|pp=[https://paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20160046.pdf 46–53]}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} wanda ke nuna zuwan zamanin Paleolithic .  Juyin halittar hominin na farko ya yi daidai da canje-canjen yanayi a Afirka wanda ya sa nahiyar ta zama busasshe, sanyi, kuma ba ta da dazuzzuka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Waɗannan canje-canjen, musamman ma zagayowar lokutan glacial da interglacial waɗanda suka fara shekaru miliyan 3.2 da suka wuce, wataƙila sun kasance manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da juyin halittar ɗan adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Halitta ta Homo ta samo asali ne daga ''Australopithecus'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Strait|2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rubuce-rubucen farko na Homo shine ƙashin ƙashin shekaru miliyan 2.8 daga Habasha,  kuma nau'in da aka fi sani da suna shine ''Homo habilis'' wanda ya samo asali da shekaru miliyan 2.3 da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Villmoare|Kimbel|Seyoum|Campisano|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Spoor|Gunz|Neubauer|Stelzer|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bambanci mafi mahimmanci tsakanin ''Homo habilis'' da ''Australopithecus'' shine karuwar kashi 50% a girman kwakwalwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bulliet et al.|2015a}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. erectus''{{Efn|The African variant is sometimes called ''[[H. ergaster]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Scarre|2024|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} ya samo asali ne kimanin shekaru miliyan 2 da suka gabata   kuma shine nau'in hominin na farko da ya [[Yaduwar farko na hominins daga Afirka|barin Afirka]] kuma ya warwatse a fadin Eurasia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Herries|Martin|Leece|Adams|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Efn|Or perhaps earlier; the 2018 discovery of stone tools from 2.1&amp;nbsp;million years ago in [[Shangchen]], China predates the earliest known ''H. erectus'' fossils.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Zhu|Dennell|Huang|Wu|2018|loc=&quot;Fourth, and most importantly, the oldest artefact age of approximately 2.12 Ma at Shangchen implies that hominins had left Africa before the date suggested by the earliest evidence from Dmanisi (about 1.85 Ma). This makes it necessary to reconsider the timing of initial dispersal of early hominins in the Old World.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Dunbar|2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wataƙila tun farkon shekaru miliyan 1.5 da suka gabata, amma tabbas shekaru 400,000 da suka gabata.  Hominins sun fara amfani da wuta don zafi da dafa abinci.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Da farko kimanin shekaru 600,000 da suka gabata, Homo ya bambanta zuwa sababbin nau'o'i da yawa, na farko ''H. heidelbergensis'' a Afirka da Turai sannan Neanderthals a Turai da Denisovans a Siberia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juyin halitta na ɗan adam ba tsari ne mai sauƙi ko ci gaba mai rassa ba amma ya haɗa da haɗuwa tsakanin nau'o'in da suka danganci. Neanderthals, Denisovans, ''Homo sapiens'', da sauran hominins da ba a san su ba duk sun haɗu da juna kuma sun haɗu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Ackermann|Mackay|Arnold|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mutane na farko ===
''Homo sapiens'' ya samo asali ne a Afirka kimanin shekaru 300,000 da suka gabata daga ''H. heidelbergensis'' .  Mutane sun ci gaba da bunkasa a cikin dubban shekaru masu zuwa kuma sun zama na zamani ta hanyar shekaru 125,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Scarre|2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru 100,000 da suka gabata sun binne matattu, sun sa kayan ado, kuma sun yi wa jikinta ado da ja ochre. Ɗaya daga cikin canje-canje mafi muhimmanci (wanda ba a san ranar ba) shine ci gaban harshe na syntactic, wanda ya inganta ikon ɗan adam na sadarwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutanen Paleolithic sun rayu a matsayin mafarauta-masu tarawa kuma gabaɗaya makiyaya ne.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana iya samun alamun bayyanar fasaha ta farko a cikin nau'ikan zane-zanen kogo da siffofi da aka yi da hauren giwa, dutse, da ƙashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Wiesner-Hanks|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Hoton kogon|Hotunan kogo]] suna nuna wani nau'i na ruhaniya gabaɗaya ana fassara shi azaman animism  ko shamanism. &lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|McNeill|McNeill|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayan kiɗa na farko da aka sani ban da muryar ɗan adam sune ƙaho na ƙashi daga Swabian Jura a Jamus, wanda aka rubuta kusan shekaru 40,000.

Mutane sun yi ƙaura daga Afirka a cikin raƙuman ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka fara shekaru 194,000-177,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Weber|Hershkovitz|Gunz|Neubauer|2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Babban ra'ayi tsakanin malamai shine cewa farkon raƙuman ƙaura sun mutu, kuma duk waɗanda ba 'yan Afirka ba ne na zamani sun fito ne daga rukuni ɗaya da ya bar Afirka shekaru 70,000-50,000 da suka gabata. ''H. sapiens'' ya ci gaba da mulkin mallaka a duk nahiyoyi da manyan tsibirai, ya isa Ostiraliya shekaru 65,000 da suka gabata,  Turai shekaru 45,000 da suka wuce,  Amurka shekaru 21,000 da suka gabata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Clarkson|Jacobs|Marwick|Fullagar|2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bennett|2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan ƙaura sun faru ne a lokacin Ice Age na baya-bayan nan, lokacin da yankuna daban-daban na yau ba su da kyau. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Ice Age kimanin shekaru 12,000 da suka gabata, mutane sun mallaki kusan dukkanin sassan duniya marasa kankara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yaduwar ɗan adam ya yi daidai da abin da ya faru na Quaternary da kuma Neanderthal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvard citation no brackets|Christian|2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wadannan halaka sun kasance masu yiwuwa ne saboda canjin yanayi, aikin ɗan adam, ko haɗuwa da su biyu.

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'''Mariam Issoufou Kamara''' (an haife ta Afrilu 1979,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.ateliermasomi.com/team |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2022-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115201214/http://www.ateliermasomi.com/team |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; a Saint-Étienne, [[Faransa]]) ƴar [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] ce.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://princeclausfund.org/laureate/mariam-kamara |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2021-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525160159/https://princeclausfund.org/laureate/mariam-kamara |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙirar ta ta mai da hankali kan buɗe wuraren zama da yin amfani da kayan da ake samar wa a cikin gida ga al'ummomin [[Afirka]]: siminti, ƙarfe da aka sake yin fa'ida da ɗanyen ƙasa.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Mariam Issoufou Kamara&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;https://www.brown.edu/news/2018-05-21/awards&lt;/ref&gt;  a shekara ta alif 1979.

Burin Kamara na farko shine ta zama injiniyan kwamfuta, inda ta samu digirin farko a jami’ar Purdue a fannin kwamfuta (2001) sannan ta yi digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Jami’ar New York (2004). Ta yi aiki a fannin kwamfuta na tsawon shekaru bakwai kafin ta yanke shawarar canza sana'a kuma ta zama mai zane-zane don cika burinta na samartaka.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.brown.edu/academics/urban-studies/sites/brown.edu.academics.urban-studies/files/uploads/USN_Fall_2017-edited.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Mariam Tendou Kamara au TED Dixinn.jpg|thumb|Mariam Kamara]]
A shekara ta 2013, Kamara ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin gine-gine daga Jami'ar Washington. Kundin nata, ''Mobile Loitering'', ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi jinsi a wuraren jama'a na [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. An nuna aikin maigidanta a Triennale di Milano a cikin 2014 a baje kolin ''Babban Chance Babban Canji na Afirka''.

=== Aiki ===
Ta kafa kungiyar gine-ginen ''united4design'' (2013) a lokacin da take zaune a Amurka, kuma bayan dawowarta Nijar ta kafa wani kamfanin gine-gine da bincike mai suna ''Atelier Masomi'' (2014), wanda ke mayar da hankali kan budaddiyar wuraren zama a cikin gine-ginen gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://princeclausfund.org/storage/documents/Report-from-the-2019-Prince-Claus-Awards-Committee.pdf |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-04 |archive-date=2019-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122221906/https://princeclausfund.org/storage/documents/Report-from-the-2019-Prince-Claus-Awards-Committee.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ƙungiyar gine-ginen ƙasa da ƙasa da ke shiga cikin ''United4design'' sun yi aiki a kan ayyuka a Amurka, [[Afghanistan]] da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]]. Zane-zane na Kamara sun ƙunshi gine-gine masu siffofi na geometric kuma sun dogara da kayan aiki guda uku da aka samar da su ga al'ummomi da yawa: siminti, ƙarfe da aka sake yin fa'ida da ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; 

A cikin 2017, ta koyar da karatun birane a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a Jami'ar Brown da ke Rhode Island.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Mariam Tendou Kamara 02.jpg|thumb|Mariam Kamara]]
A shekara ta 2022, an naɗa Kamara a matsayin cikakkiyar Farfesa na Architecture Heritage da Ɗorewa a ETH Zurich a Switzerland.&lt;ref&gt;https://arch.ethz.ch/en?q=2&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Manyan ayyuka ===

==== ''Yamai 2000'' ====
Babban aikinta na farko shine a yamai ''2000'', rukunin gidaje da aka gina a cikin 2016 kuma an tsara shi tare da haɗin gwiwar [[Yasaman Esmaili]], Elizabeth Golden da Philip Sträter. Aikin yana magance matsalolin sararin samaniya da ke da alaƙa da simintin tsarin gidan ƙuruciyar Kamara da aka gina a Yamai a shekarun 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;https://www.archdaily.com/913252/mariam-kamara-architecture-itself-can-not-make-a-more-equitable-world-but-we-can-contribute-with-specific-actions&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Mariam Kamara OTRS BW.jpg|thumb|Mariam Kamara]]
Sakamakon shine sifofi huɗu da aka yi ta hanyar haɗa ƙasa da siminti waɗanda aka haɗa tare. Wani abin lura shi ne benci a gaba wanda ke ba da damar sake dawo da ''fa'adar'' gargajiya - tarukan gida na abokai da 'yan uwa da ke faruwa akai-akai a sararin da ke tsakanin gida da titi, wanda kuma wurin taro ne na tarihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; 

==== Hikma en Dandaji ====
A shekara ta  2018, ta sake yin aiki tare da Yasaman Esmaili don samar da aikin Hikma (&quot;hikima&quot; a cikin Larabci) a Dandaji, wanda ke yankin [[Tahoua (gari)|Tahoua]] a Nijar. Ƙarfafawa ta hanyar fasahar ginin ƙasa, aikin wani haɗaɗɗen al'adu ne wanda ya haɗa da [[masallaci]], ɗakin karatu da cibiyar al'umma. Ayyukansu sun haɗa nau'ikan ilimi guda biyu &quot;ba tare da saɓani ba, tsakanin ilimin duniya da imani.&quot; Ga kowane aiki, shirye-shiryen Kamara shine mabuɗin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/632797/culture/urbanisme-mariam-kamara-larchitecte-made-in-africa/&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;blockquote&gt;Ga kowace irin nasarorin da ta samu, Kamara na gudanar da binciken filin don kara fahimtar tsammanin mazauna nan gaba: ta yaya suke rayuwa kuma ta yaya suke karɓa? Yaya kwanciyar hankali za su kasance, a cikin kwanciyar hankali a al'ada? Me zai basu damar rage zafin cikin gidansu? Aikin Legacy Restored Center don haka yana buƙatar watanni shida na lura. A sakamakon haka, tana ba wa ɗan ƙasa sarari ga duk mazauna ƙauyen Dandaji, inganta ilimin mata da ƙarfafa kasancewarsu a cikin al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;Aikin ya lashe kyaututtuka biyu a Lafarge Holcim Awards (2017), gasar mafi girma na gine-gine mai ɗorewa na duniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;https://www.holcimfoundation.org/awards/5th-cycle/5th-awards-cycle-2017-2018{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== Cibiyar Al'adun Yamai ====
Kamara tana aiki tare da masanin gine-ginen Birtaniya na [[Ghana]], David Adjaye, don tsara sabuwar cibiyar al'adu a [[Niamey|Yamai]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; 

==== Bët-bi Museum ====
[[Fayil:Mariam Tendou Kamara.jpg|thumb|Mariam Kamara]]
A watan Mayu 2022, alƙalai sun zaɓi Kamara don jagorantar ƙirar sabon gidan kayan tarihi na Bët-bi a Senegal.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/bet-bi-museum-mariam-issoufou-kamara-senegal&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.dezeen.com/2022/05/11/atelier-masomi-bet-bi-art-museum-senegal/&lt;/ref&gt; Gidauniyar Josef da Anni Albers da 'yar uwarta Le Korsa za su tallafa wa aikin, kuma ana shirin buɗe shi a cikin 2025.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.designboom.com/architecture/mariam-kamara-atelier-masomi-bet-bi-museum-senegal-05-11-2022/&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.archdaily.com/981733/mariam-issoufou-kamara-of-atelier-masomi-chosen-to-design-new-museum-and-art-center-in-west-senegal/627b710f3e4b318e8e00007d-mariam-issoufou-kamara-of-atelier-masomi-chosen-to-design-new-museum-and-art-center-in-west-senegal-photo&lt;/ref&gt;  

== An samu kyaututtuka ==

* 2017: Kyautar LafargeHolcim don ci gaba mai ɗorewa:&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; 
** Lambar azurfa a rukunin Duniya
** Lambar zinare a rukunin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya na Afirka
* 2018: Rolex Mentor da Kyautar Ƙarfafa Arts Initiative wanda ke ba ta damar yin aiki tare da mai zane David Adjaye&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* 2019: Kyautar Yarima Claus a Netherlands&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin da aka zaɓa ==

* Kamara, Mariam. ''Loitering Mobile: Amsa ga buƙatun sararin samaniya a cikin Nijar bayan mulkin mallaka, yanayin birni mai yawan jinsi'' . Diss. 2014.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.larchitecturedaujourdhui.fr/archi-en-aparte-atelier-masomi/ Hotunan Hikma en Dandaji na Kamara]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46708874.pdf Zane na zanen makarantar mata a Balkh, Afghanistan na Kamara da Yasaman Esmaili]
* [https://www.ateliermasomi.com/ Yanar Gizo na ''Atelier Masomi''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304103504/https://www.ateliermasomi.com/ |date=2023-03-04 }}
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1979]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Maman Sambo Sidiƙou</title>
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      <text bytes="4177" sha1="klwrzw2nhfzesritfo34nx5ipbl32zk" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|Maman Sambo Sidikou}}[[File:0001-Sidikou.jpg|alt=Maman S. SIDIKOU (Permanent Secretary of the G5 Sahel)|thumb| Maman Sambo Sidikou in 2018.]]
'''Maman Naman Sambo sidikou an haife shi a shekara ta alif ɗari tara da arba'in da tara ('''1949{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=November 2021}}) jami'in diflomasiyya ne kuma tsohon ɗan siyasar [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] ne. A halin yanzu shi ne babban wakilin [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] a [[Mali]] da da Sahel. Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa shekara ta 2014, ya kasance jakadan Nijar a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], ya jagoranci ayyukan wanzar da kuma zaman lafiya na MDD a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kongo]] daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2018, sannan daga shekarar 2018 zuwa shekarar 2021 ya zama babban sakataren ƙungiyar [[G5 Sahel]].

== Sana'a ==
[[File:2015 10 Afgoi Peace Conference-1 (21324550021).jpg|thumb|Maman Sambo Sidiƙou]]
An fara horar da Sidiƙou a matsayin ɗan jarida, sannan ya shiga aikin gwamnati a shekarar 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://press.un.org/en/2015/sga1596.doc.htm |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305135328/https://press.un.org/en/2015/sga1596.doc.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;https://monusco.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/portrait_maman_sambo_eng.pdf&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko dai ya tsunduma cikin harkokin diflomasiyya a Nijar, duk da cewa ya taɓa riƙe muƙaman shugaban ƙasa da na firaminista, da ma'aikatar yaɗa labarai ta ƙasar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A ƙarƙashin Shugaba [[Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara|Ibrahim Bare Mainassara]], an naɗa shi ministan harkokin waje da haɗewar Afirka daga 1997 zuwa 1999. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban ma'aikatan fadar shugaban ƙasa har zuwa zaɓen shugaba [[Mamadou Tandja]]. Sa'an nan, a lokacin Tandja yana kan karagar mulki, Sidiƙou ya bar gwamnati kuma ya yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu daban-daban da masu zaman kansu, ciki har da [[Bankin Duniya]], [[UNICEF]], da Save the Children.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

Daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2014 ya zama jakadan Nijar a Amurka. Daga baya ya wakilci [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] a [[Somaliya]] tsakanin 2014 zuwa 2015. Sannan, daga shekarar 2015 zuwa 2018, ya kasance wakilin musamman na babban sakataren [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|MDD]] a [[Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kwango|Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyyar Kwango]], kuma shugaban tawagar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta MDD a can, MONUSCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;  

Shugabannin ƙasashen ƙungiyar sun naɗa Sidiƙou babban sakataren ƙungiyar [[G5 Sahel]] a taron da suka yi a birnin [[Niamey|Yamai]] na ƙasar Nijar a ranar 6 ga watan Fabrairu 2018.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.africaintelligence.fr/afrique-ouest/2018/06/20/le-monsieur-g5-sahel-maman-sambo-sidikou-sensibilise-rabat,108314288-art&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.alliance-sahel.org/en/news/the-g5-sahel-enhanced-cooperation-for-security-and-development/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305135328/https://www.alliance-sahel.org/en/news/the-g5-sahel-enhanced-cooperation-for-security-and-development/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2021, ya bar wannan muƙamin kuma an naɗa shi babban wakilin [[Tarayyar Afrika|Tarayyar Afirka]] na [[Mali]] da [[Sahel]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.africaintelligence.com/central-africa/2021/05/18/au-s-special-envoy-soon-to-be-named,109666942-art&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://northafricapost.com/50865-au-high-representative-for-mali-sahel-reassured-by-moroccos-support.html&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Evariste Boshab, Maman Sambo Sidikou &amp; Crispin Atama Tabe (27213599821).jpg|thumb|Maman Sambo Sidiƙou]]
Yana da digiri na uku a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Jihar Florida.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Sidiƙou yana auren 'yar jami'ar diflomasiyya Fatima Djibo Sidikou. Suna da yara biyu.&lt;ref&gt;https://washingtonlife.com/2014/10/07/feature-do-you-know-embassy-row/{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marta Bisah</title>
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      <text bytes="4934" sha1="t0pistl1uf6oz6glg2zqctjzehvw5ve" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Martha Bissah''' (an haife ta a ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 1997), 'yar wasan [[Ghana]] ce. Ta lashe lambar zinare a tseren mita 800 na 'yan mata a gasar Olympics ta matasa ta bazara ta shekarar 2014 da misalin ƙarfe 2:04.90.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/ghana/martha-bissah-291895 | title=ATHLETE PROFILE MARTHA BISSAH | publisher=[[World Athletics]] | accessdate=28 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;myjoyonline.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2014/august-25th/martha-bissah-wins-ghanas-first-ever-olympic-gold-medal.php|title=Martha Bissah wins Ghana's first ever Olympic Gold medal - MyJoyOnline.com|website=www.myjoyonline.com|access-date=2019-05-18}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;citinewsroom.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2018/04/martha-bissah-named-female-athlete-of-the-year-at-us-college/|title=Martha Bissah named Female Athlete of the Year at US college|date=2018-04-18|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News, Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;   

== Ilimi ==
[[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (41873552715).jpg|thumb|Marta Bisah]]
Bissah ta yi makarantar sakandare ta Aduman a [[yankin Ashanti]] na [[Ghana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;myjoyonline.com&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Bissah wins Ghana's first ever Olympic Gold medal|url=http://www.ghanatrade.gov.gh/Latest-News/martha-bissah-wins-ghanas-first-ever-olympic-gold-medal.html|website=ghanatrade.gov.gh|publisher=Ghana Trade Portal &amp;#124; Ministry of Trade and Industry|accessdate=25 February 2017|archive-date=16 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716034052/http://www.ghanatrade.gov.gh/Latest-News/martha-bissah-wins-ghanas-first-ever-olympic-gold-medal.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;    A cikin watan Disambar 2020, ta kammala digiri a fannin kasuwanci tare da ba da fifiko kan Gudanarwa a Jami'ar Jihar Norfolk da ke [[Amurka]].  A cikin watan Mayun 2021, ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Babban Kasuwanci / Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Jihar Norfolk .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana's Golden Girl: Martha Bissah grabs second degree at Norfolk University - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghanas-golden-girl-martha-bissah-grabs-second-degree-at-norfolk-university/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A cikin shekarar 2014, Bissah ta lashe lambar zinare a tseren mita 800 na 'yan mata a gasar Olympics ta matasa ta lokacin zafi na shekarar 2014 .&lt;ref name=&quot;meac&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Martha Bissah Ghanaian sprinter wins Most Outstanding Athlete at MEAC Championship|url=http://pulse.com.gh/bi/sports/martha-bissah-ghanaian-sprinter-wins-most-outstanding-athlete-at-meac-championship-id6252043.html|website=pulse.com.gh|publisher=Pulse.com.gh|accessdate=25 February 2017|date=2017-02-20|archive-date=2018-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014204013/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/sports/martha-bissah-ghanaian-sprinter-wins-most-outstanding-athlete-at-meac-championship-id6252043.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;athletics_results_book_yog_2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Athletics Results Book|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/211434/files/Results_Book_Athletics_V1.0.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026234354/http://doc.rero.ch/record/211434/files/Results_Book_Athletics_V1.0.pdf|archive-date=26 October 2016|access-date=17 August 2020|website=2014 Summer Youth Olympics}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

[[Hukumar wasannin guje-guje da tsalle-tsalle ta Ghana|Ƙungiyar wasannin guje-guje ta Ghana]] ta dakatar da Bisah har abada a cikin watan Yunin 2016. 

A cikin watan Fabrairun 2017, ta ci lambobin zinare huɗu a Gasar Wasannin Tsakiyar Gabas da Gasar Waƙoƙi &amp; Filaye. 

A cikin shekarar 2018, an ba ta lambar yabo ta 'yar wasa ta shekara a karo na biyu a Jami'ar Jihar Norfolk . 
[[Fayil:2018 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships (40954221880).jpg|thumb|Marta Bisah]]
A cikin shekarar 2019, a karo na biyu an nada Martha a matsayin 'yar wasa ta bana a Jami'ar Jihar Norfolk, ta sami lambar yabo bayan yin rajista na mintuna 17 da dakika 16, ta haka ta kafa sabon tarihin gasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/133482-martha-bissah-named-female-athlete-year-second-consecutive-time-us-college.html|title=US University names Martha Bissah as Female Athlete of the Year for second time|last=Effah|first=K.|date=2019-09-23|website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en|access-date=2019-12-27|archive-date=2019-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227224457/https://yen.com.gh/133482-martha-bissah-named-female-athlete-year-second-consecutive-time-us-college.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Haihuwan 1997]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Mesfin Woldemariam</title>
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[[File:Mesfin Negash Ethiopia.jpg|thumb|Malamin Habashai ]]
'''Mesfin Woldemariam,''' (Ge'ez: Mesfin Woldemariam; 23 Afrilu 1930 - 29 Satumba 2020) wani malami ne na [[Itofiya|Habasha]] kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin bil'adama.

== Ƙuruciya da ilimi ==
An haifi Mesfin Woldermariam a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilu 1930 a [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]], daular Habasha. Mesfin ya yi karatunsa na farko a [[Teferi Mekonnen School|makarantar Teferi Mekonnen]], kuma dalibi ne na Cocin Orthodox na Habasha, inda ya sami nadi a matsayin deacon a shekarar 1946.&lt;ref&gt;Kore, Tewodros (30 September 2020).
&quot;Professor Mesfin Woldemariam has passed
away&quot; . Walta Information Center . Retrieved
30 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ya kammala karatunsa na gaba a [[Landan]] a shekarar 1951, kuma ya samu gurbin karatu a kasashen waje. Ya sami BA a Jami'ar Punjab, Chandigarh a shekarar 1955 da MA da Ph.D. daga Jami'ar Clark a shekarar 1977 ta hanyar dissertation rashin lahani ga yunwa a Habasha. Mesfin ya kasance farfesa a fannin ilimin kasa a Jami'ar Haile Selassie (yanzu Jami'ar Addis Ababa), kuma na wani lokaci ya kasance shugaban sashen nazarin kasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;amnesty-poc&quot;&gt;&quot;Mesfin Woldemariam&quot; . Amnesty

International. 20 July 2007. Archived from

the original on 7 August 2007. Retrieved

14 August 2007.{{Cite web}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya kuma kasance babban malamin Fulbright a shekarun 1971, 1986 da 1987. Ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1991.

== Harkar siyasa ==
Da yake amsa koken dalibai, a ranar 8 ga watan Afrilu, 2001 Mesfin da Berhanu Nega sun gudanar da taron tattaunawa na yini a dakin taro na National Lottery kan 'yancin karatu. An kama su ne a kan zargin cewa wannan kwamitin ya tunzura daliban da suka yi zanga-zanga a AAU washegari, amma an bayar da belinsu a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni kuma ba a taba yi wa kowani shari’a ba.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Ethiopian academics released on bail&quot; .
American Association for the Advancement
of Science. 11 June 2001. Retrieved 5 March
2007.&lt;/ref&gt; 

A watan Nuwamba 2005, gwamnatin Habasha ta tsare Mesfin bisa zargin cin amanar kasa, kisan kiyashi da kuma nuna fushi ga kundin tsarin mulki, tare da wasu jiga-jigan jam'iyyar Coalition for Unity and Democracy. An yi la'akari da wannan laifin da laifin aikata ayyukan 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki, 'yancin yin tarayya da kuma 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki da dokokin kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa suka tabbatar, kuma yawancin masu sa ido na kasa da kasa ciki har da [[Amnesty International]], [[Sa-ido akan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|Human Rights Watch]] da Tarayyar Turai sun yi Allah wadai da shi. An tsare shi a kurkukun Kaliti. A lokacin da yake tsare, Mesfin ya shiga yajin cin abinci sau biyu a watan Disamba 2005  da watan Janairu 2006, yana nuna rashin amincewa da tsare shi da kuma shari'a. Daga baya ya kamu da ciwon huhu, inda ya fado a dakinsa na kurkuku a ranar 18 ga watan Agusta, kuma an kai shi asibiti. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20060830053817/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAFR250242006?open&amp;of=ENG-ETH &quot;Ethiopia: Medical concern/ Prisoner of Conscience: Professor Mesfin Woldemariam&quot;], Amnesty International website, Report AFR 25/024/2006 (accessed 20 May 2009)&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun 2007 ne ya kamata kotun ta yanke hukuncin. Duk da haka, Mesfin, da wasu 37 an same su da laifi a ranar 11 ga watan Yuni 2007.

Wannan hukunci dai ya biyo bayan da Mesfin ya ki kare kansa, inda ya dage cewa kamawa, tuhuma, tsarewa da kuma shari’a na da alaka da siyasa kuma ba za a yi adalci a shari’ar ba. Tare da wasu mutane 37, an yanke masa hukunci ne bisa ga hujjojin da aka gabatar da su, tare da hana shi yin bayani a gaban kotu bayan kammala shari’ar da ake tuhumar. An ce mai gabatar da kara ya gabatar da shaidun bidiyo da na sauti. Alkalin ya yanke hukuncin cewa saboda ba su gabatar da wata kariya ba kuma suna da laifi kamar yadda ake tuhumar su. 

Mesfin, tare da wasu jami'an jam'iyyar adawa na Habasha 37, da fitattun masu kare hakkin bil'adama da kuma 'yan jarida da ake tuhuma tare da shi, an sake su a ranar 20 ga watan Yulin 2007. An yi musu afuwa tare da maido musu hakkinsu na siyasa kwanaki hudu bayan da aka yankewa akasarinsu hukuncin daurin rai da rai, wasu kuma daurin shekaru 15 a gidan yari. 

== Mutuwa da jana'iza ==
Mesfin ya mutu a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, 2020 daga matsalolin da [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]] ya kawo, yana da shekaru 90. &lt;ref&gt;Getachew, Addis (30 September 2020).
&quot;Ethiopia mourns activist, academic Mesfin
Woldemariam&quot; . Anadolu Agency . Retrieved
30 September 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; An yi jana'izar Mesfin ne a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba, 2020, tare da halartar jami'an gwamnati da dama da mashahurai da 'yan uwa. Farfesa Berhanu Nega, kakakin majalisar tarayya Tagesse Chaffo, magajin garin Addis Ababa Adanech Abebe, da shugaban yankin Oromia Shimeles Abdisa suma sun gabatar.

A cikin bayanan hidimar jana'izar da ya yi, an yaba masa a matsayin wanda ya kafa kungiyar kare hakkin dan Adam ta Habasha (EHRCO) sannan kuma ya gudanar da bincike daban-daban kan batutuwan da suka shafi yunwa da fari, fannoni daban-daban na tattalin arziki na zamantakewa. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Late Professor Mesfin Woldemariam Laid
To Rest – Ethiosports&quot; . Retrieved
2020-10-11.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== External Links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070228231841/http://www.mesfinwoldemariam.org/ Official website dedicated to Mesfin Wolde Mariam by his children]
* [http://amnesty.org.uk/actions_details.asp?ActionID=208 call for immediate release of Prof. Mesfin W/ Mariam by Amnesty International] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227091108/http://www.amnesty.org.uk/actions_details.asp?ActionID=208 |date=2007-02-27 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140721210731/http://www.ethiopiaobserver.com/prof-mesfins-contoversial-book/ Prof.] 
[[Category:Mutuwan 2020]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arda Güler</title>
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Arda Güler|image=|caption=|full_name=Arda Güler|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|2|25}}|birth_place=Ankara, Turkey|position=Attacking midfielder / Winger|currentclub=Real Madrid|clubnumber=15|youthyears1=2014–2019|youthclubs1=Gençlerbirliği|youthyears2=2019–2021|youthclubs2=Fenerbahçe|years1=2021–2023|clubs1=Fenerbahçe|caps1=32|goals1=7|years2=2023–|clubs2=Real Madrid|caps2=67|goals2=13|nationalyears1=2021–2022|nationalteam1=Turkey U17|nationalcaps1=10|nationalgoals1=4|nationalyears2=2022–|nationalteam2=Turkey|nationalcaps2=27|nationalgoals2=6}}
[[Fayil:Modric in LIV VS RMA 2024 (cropped) (Arda Guler).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|Arda Güler]]
'''Arda Güler''' (an haife shi 25 Fabrairu 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin attacking midfielder ko winger a ƙungiyar Real Madrid da kuma tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya.  An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan wasa a duniya saboda fasaha, hangen wasa, da iya dribbling a fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Arda Güler an haife shi a birnin Ankara, [[Turkiyya]]. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta Gençlerbirliği kafin ya koma tsarin matasa na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2019, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta da fasahar ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙungiya ==

=== Fenerbahçe ===
Güler ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar manya na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2021. A lokacin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi burgewa a Super Lig kuma ya zama ƙaramin mai cin ƙwallo a tarihin ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallo a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Real Madrid ===
A shekarar 2023, Güler ya koma Real Madrid inda ya ci gaba da bunkasa aikinsa a ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa Real Madrid wajen lashe gasar La Liga da UEFA Champions League tun bayan zuwansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu ƙirƙirar dama a tawagar.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙasa ==
Güler ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban tun U17 kafin ya yiwa manyan ƙungiyar ƙasa fice a cikin 2022. Ya buga gasar UEFA Euro 2024, inda ya taimaka wa tawagar a matakai daban-daban kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar a wannan gasa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An yi masa kwatankwacin salon wasa da na wasu manyan ‘yan wasa saboda fasaharsa wajen dribbling, hangen wasa, ƙwarewa wajen rarraba kwallo, da tunani mai sauri a fili. Güler yana da cikakken iko kan kwallo kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayi daban-daban na gaba da tsakiyar fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== Real Madrid ===

* [[La Liga]]: 2023–24
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2023–24
* [[Supercopa de España]]: 2024
* [[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2024
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fenerbahçe ===

* [[Turkish Cup]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Arda Güler]]
[[category:Haifaffun 2005]]
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Arda Güler|image=|caption=|full_name=Arda Güler|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|2|25}}|birth_place=Ankara, Turkey|position=Attacking midfielder / Winger|currentclub=Real Madrid|clubnumber=15|youthyears1=2014–2019|youthclubs1=Gençlerbirliği|youthyears2=2019–2021|youthclubs2=Fenerbahçe|years1=2021–2023|clubs1=Fenerbahçe|caps1=32|goals1=7|years2=2023–|clubs2=Real Madrid|caps2=67|goals2=13|nationalyears1=2021–2022|nationalteam1=Turkey U17|nationalcaps1=10|nationalgoals1=4|nationalyears2=2022–|nationalteam2=Turkey|nationalcaps2=27|nationalgoals2=6}}
[[Fayil:Modric in LIV VS RMA 2024 (cropped) (Arda Guler).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|Arda Güler]]
'''Arda Güler''' (an haife shi 25 Fabrairu 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Turkiyya wanda yake taka leda a matsayin attacking midfielder ko winger a ƙungiyar Real Madrid da kuma tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya.  An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan wasa a duniya saboda fasaha, hangen wasa, da iya dribbling a fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Arda Güler an haife shi a birnin Ankara, [[Turkiyya]]. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta Gençlerbirliği kafin ya koma tsarin matasa na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2019, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta da fasahar ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙungiya ==

=== Fenerbahçe ===
Güler ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar manya na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2021. A lokacin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi burgewa a Super Lig kuma ya zama ƙaramin mai cin ƙwallo a tarihin ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallo a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Real Madrid ===
A shekarar 2023, Güler ya koma Real Madrid inda ya ci gaba da bunkasa aikinsa a ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] wajen lashe gasar La Liga da UEFA Champions League tun bayan zuwansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu ƙirƙirar dama a tawagar.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙasa ==
Güler ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban tun U17 kafin ya yiwa manyan ƙungiyar ƙasa fice a cikin 2022. Ya buga gasar UEFA Euro 2024, inda ya taimaka wa tawagar a matakai daban-daban kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar a wannan gasa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An yi masa kwatankwacin salon wasa da na wasu manyan ‘yan wasa saboda fasaharsa wajen [[dribbling]], hangen wasa, ƙwarewa wajen rarraba kwallo, da tunani mai sauri a fili. Güler yana da cikakken iko kan kwallo kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayi daban-daban na gaba da tsakiyar fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== Real Madrid ===

* [[La Liga]]: 2023–24
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2023–24
* [[Supercopa de España]]: 2024
* [[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2024
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fenerbahçe ===

* [[Turkish Cup]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Arda Güler]]
[[category:Haifaffun 2005]]
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Arda Güler|image=|caption=|full_name=Arda Güler|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|2|25}}|birth_place=Ankara, Turkey|position=Attacking midfielder / Winger|currentclub=Real Madrid|clubnumber=15|youthyears1=2014–2019|youthclubs1=Gençlerbirliği|youthyears2=2019–2021|youthclubs2=Fenerbahçe|years1=2021–2023|clubs1=Fenerbahçe|caps1=32|goals1=7|years2=2023–|clubs2=Real Madrid|caps2=67|goals2=13|nationalyears1=2021–2022|nationalteam1=Turkey U17|nationalcaps1=10|nationalgoals1=4|nationalyears2=2022–|nationalteam2=Turkey|nationalcaps2=27|nationalgoals2=6}}
[[Fayil:Modric in LIV VS RMA 2024 (cropped) (Arda Guler).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|Arda Güler]]
'''Arda Güler''' (an haife shi 25 Fabrairu 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin attacking midfielder ko winger a ƙungiyar Real Madrid da kuma tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya.  An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan wasa a duniya saboda fasaha, hangen wasa, da iya dribbling a fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Arda Güler an haife shi a birnin Ankara, [[Turkiyya]]. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta Gençlerbirliği kafin ya koma tsarin matasa na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2019, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta da fasahar ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙungiya ==

=== Fenerbahçe ===
Güler ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar manya na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2021. A lokacin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi burgewa a Super Lig kuma ya zama ƙaramin mai cin ƙwallo a tarihin ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallo a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Real Madrid ===
A shekarar 2023, Güler ya koma Real Madrid inda ya ci gaba da bunkasa aikinsa a ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] wajen lashe gasar La Liga da UEFA Champions League tun bayan zuwansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu ƙirƙirar dama a tawagar.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙasa ==
Güler ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban tun U17 kafin ya yiwa manyan ƙungiyar ƙasa fice a cikin 2022. Ya buga gasar [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Euro]] 2024, inda ya taimaka wa tawagar a matakai daban-daban kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar a wannan gasa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An yi masa kwatankwacin salon wasa da na wasu manyan ‘yan wasa saboda fasaharsa wajen [[dribbling]], hangen wasa, ƙwarewa wajen rarraba kwallo, da tunani mai sauri a fili. Güler yana da cikakken iko kan kwallo kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayi daban-daban na gaba da tsakiyar fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== Real Madrid ===

* [[La Liga]]: 2023–24
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2023–24
* [[Supercopa de España]]: 2024
* [[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2024
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fenerbahçe ===

* [[Turkish Cup]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Arda Güler]]
[[category:Haifaffun 2005]]
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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{{Infobox football biography|name=Arda Güler|image=|caption=|full_name=Arda Güler|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2005|2|25}}|birth_place=Ankara, Turkey|position=Attacking midfielder / Winger|currentclub=Real Madrid|clubnumber=15|youthyears1=2014–2019|youthclubs1=Gençlerbirliği|youthyears2=2019–2021|youthclubs2=Fenerbahçe|years1=2021–2023|clubs1=Fenerbahçe|caps1=32|goals1=7|years2=2023–|clubs2=Real Madrid|caps2=67|goals2=13|nationalyears1=2021–2022|nationalteam1=Turkey U17|nationalcaps1=10|nationalgoals1=4|nationalyears2=2022–|nationalteam2=Turkey|nationalcaps2=27|nationalgoals2=6}}
[[Fayil:Modric in LIV VS RMA 2024 (cropped) (Arda Guler).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|Arda Güler]]
'''Arda Güler''' (an haife shi 25 Fabrairu 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] wanda yake taka leda a matsayin attacking midfielder ko winger a ƙungiyar Real Madrid da kuma tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya.  An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan ‘yan wasa a duniya saboda fasaha, hangen wasa, da iya dribbling a fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
Arda Güler an haife shi a birnin Ankara, [[Turkiyya]]. Ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa tun yana ƙarami a makarantar matasa ta Gençlerbirliği kafin ya koma tsarin matasa na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2019, inda ya ci gaba da nuna bajinta da fasahar ƙwallon ƙafa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙungiya ==

=== Fenerbahçe ===
Güler ya fara buga wasa a matsayin ɗan ƙungiyar manya na Fenerbahçe a shekarar 2021. A lokacin, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin matasan da suka fi burgewa a Super Lig kuma ya zama ƙaramin mai cin ƙwallo a tarihin ƙungiyar bayan ya zura ƙwallo a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Real Madrid ===
A shekarar 2023, Güler ya koma Real Madrid inda ya ci gaba da bunkasa aikinsa a ƙungiyar. Ya taimaka wa [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] wajen lashe gasar La Liga da [[UEFA Champions League]] tun bayan zuwansa, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasa masu ƙirƙirar dama a tawagar.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ƙasa ==
Güler ya wakilci ƙasar Turkiyya a matakin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban tun U17 kafin ya yiwa manyan ƙungiyar ƙasa fice a cikin 2022. Ya buga gasar [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Euro]] 2024, inda ya taimaka wa tawagar a matakai daban-daban kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan ‘yan wasan ƙungiyar a wannan gasa.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Salon wasa ==
An yi masa kwatankwacin salon wasa da na wasu manyan ‘yan wasa saboda fasaharsa wajen [[dribbling]], hangen wasa, ƙwarewa wajen rarraba kwallo, da tunani mai sauri a fili. Güler yana da cikakken iko kan kwallo kuma yana iya taka leda a matsayi daban-daban na gaba da tsakiyar fili.&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==

=== Real Madrid ===

* [[La Liga]]: 2023–24
* [[UEFA Champions League]]: 2023–24
* [[Supercopa de España]]: 2024
* [[UEFA Super Cup]]: 2024
* [[FIFA Club World Cup]]: 2024&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Fenerbahçe ===

* [[Turkish Cup]]: 2022–23&lt;ref&gt;(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arda_G%C3%BCler)&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==
{{Reflist}}
[[Fayil:Arda güler.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Arda Güler]]
[[category:Haifaffun 2005]]
[[category:Rayayyun Mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Margaret Amoakohene</title>
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'''Margaret Ivy Amoakohene''' (an Haife a ranar 17 ga watan Yuli 1960) 'yar [[Ghana]] ce kuma jami'ar diflomasiyya. Ta yi aiki a sassa daban-daban na [[Gwamnatin Ghana|mulki]] da ilimi. Ita ce babbar kwamishiniya  ta Ghana a [[Kanada]] a gwamnatin [[John Kufuor|John Agyekum Kufour]]. Ita babbar malamar makaranta ce kuma daraktar mai rikon kwarya a Makarantar Nazarin Sadarwa ta Jami'ar Ghana, Legon. A halin yanzu tana nan{{When|date=January 2018}}&lt; a matsayin memba na majalisar jiha.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Margaret Ivy Amoakohene a ranar 17 ga watan Yuli 1960 a Wenchi a [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo|yankin Brong Ahafo]]. Ita 'yar asalin Nsawkaw ce, babban birnin gundumar Tain a [[Yankin Brong-Ahafo|yankin Brong Ahafo]]. Ta samu takardar shedar karatun sakandare ta GCE daga makarantar sakandare ta St. Francis da ke Jirapa, a [[yankin Upper West]] na Ghana daga shekarun 1974 zuwa 1979.&lt;ref name=&quot;newsgh&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=FOGA Recognize Elevation Of Dr Margaret Amoakohene|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/foga-recognize-elevation-of-dr-margaret-amoakohene/|work=[[News Ghana]]|accessdate=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Daga nan ta zarce zuwa makarantar sakandare ta St Louis Senior High School da ke [[Kumasi]] don samun shaidar kammala karatunta na GCE. A cikin shekarar 1981, ta shiga Jami'ar Ghana don samun digiri na farko a cikin  [[Faransanci|harshen Faransanci]] da [[Yaren Sifen|Yaren Spaniya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;MOD&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Margaret Amoakohene appointed Ag. Director of School of Communication Studies|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/287344/margaret-amoakohene-appointed-ag-director-of-school-of-comm.html|work=Modern Ghana|accessdate=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ghana&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dr. Margaret I. Amoakohene|url=http://www.ug.edu.gh/commstudies/staff/dr-margaret-i-amoakohene|publisher=[[University of Ghana]]|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Amoakohene ta yi karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Ghana inda ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Falsafa da Difloma a fannin Ilimin Sadarwa. Daga baya ta samu digirin  digirgir a fannin sadarwa daga jami'ar Leicester da ke [[Ingila]].

== Rayuwar aiki ==
Tun daga shekarar 1992, Ivy Amoakohene ta koyar da ɗalibai a fannoni daban-daban na hulɗar jama'a, hanyoyin bincike na inganci, da sadarwar jama'a a Jami'ar Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;MOD&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ipr&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Chairperson, Professional Interest Committee, Amb. Dr Margaret Ivy Amoakohene (Mrs), APR|url=http://iprghana.com/web/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=132:chairperson-professional-interest-committee-amb-dr-margaret-ivy-amoakohene-mrs-apr&amp;catid=88&amp;Itemid=479|publisher=IPR Ghana|accessdate=20 June 2017}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ta kasance mai himma a fannoni da dama na ilimi da rayuwar ƙasa, ciki har da yin hidima a hukumar kula da kafafen yaɗa labarai ta ƙasa, Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Ghana, Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Ghana, da Cibiyar Fina-Finai da Talabijin ta kasa.  Cibiyar hulɗa da jama'a ta Ghana ta mayar da ita sakatariyar girmamawa, kuma mataimakiyar shugabar ƙasa bisa la'akari da irin rawar da ta taka wajen ci gaban hulɗar jama'a a Ghana.  A shekarar 2010 aka naɗa ta mukaddashiyar darakta a Makarantar Nazarin Sadarwa ta Jami’ar Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;uniLei&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Leicester graduates in the news: Margaret Amoakohene|url=http://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2010-archive/august-2010/leicester-graduates-in-the-news-margaret-amoakohene|publisher=[[University of Leicester]]|accessdate=20 June 2017|archive-date=20 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720054023/https://www2.le.ac.uk/news/blog/2010-archive/august-2010/leicester-graduates-in-the-news-margaret-amoakohene|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Babbar Kwamishiniyar Kanada ==
A cikin shekarar 2006, Shugaba [[John Kufuor|John Agyekum Kufour]] ya naɗa Amoakohene ya jagoranci Ofishin Jakadancin Ghana a Kanada a matsayin Babban Kwamishinansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;patritic&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;webyy&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=High Commissioner-Designate Arrives in Canada|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/diaspora/High-Commissioner-Designate-Arrives-in-Canada-109134|publisher=Ghanaian News Canada|accessdate=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fara aikinta na diflomasiyya a hukumance a ranar 26 ga watan Satumba 2006 lokacin da ta gabatar da wasikunta na hukumar ga Gwamna Janar na Kanada, Her Excellency Michaelle Jean, a ofishinta na lardin da mazauninta a La Citadel a [[Kebek (birni)|birnin Quebec]].&lt;ref name=&quot;quebec&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Editorial- Akwaaba Lady Margaret Ghana High Commissioner to Canada|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/diaspora/Editorial-Akwaaba-Lady-Margaret-Ghana-High-Commissioner-to-Canada-111744|publisher=Ghanaian News Canada|accessdate=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;canada&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ghana's New High Commissioner to Canada Presents Letters of Commission|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghana-s-New-High-Commissioner-to-Canada-Presents-Letters-of-Commissiom-111385?gallery=1|publisher=Ghanaian News Canada|accessdate=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;   A matsayinta na babbar kwamishina ta gudanar da wasu ayyuka na taimakon jama’a, ɗaya daga cikinsu ya haɗa da bayar da kayan aikin jinya ga asibitin Nsawkaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;all&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Boateng|first=Michael|title=Ghana: Amoakohene Supports Nsawkaw Hospital|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200812110719.html|publisher=[[AllAfrica.com]]|accessdate=20 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ita ce babbar kwamishina ta biyu a [[Kanada]] a gwamnatin Kufour kuma ta yi aiki a wannan matsayi daga watan Yuli 2006 zuwa Fabrairu 2009.&lt;ref name=&quot;uniLei&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;patritic&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=New Ghana High Commissioner Arrives in Canada|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/new-ghana-high-commissioner-arrives-in-canada|work=The Patriotic Vanguard|accessdate=20 June 2017|date=20 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Majalisar Jiha ==
A cikin watan Fabrairu 2017, Shugaba [[Nana Akufo-Addo|Nana Akuffo-Addo]] ya zaɓi Amoakohene a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin goma sha ɗaya shugaban da aka naɗa na majalisar jihar.&lt;ref name=&quot;unigha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Dr. Margaret Amoakohene Appointed to the Council of State|url=http://www.ug.edu.gh/commstudies/staff/dr-margaret-i-amoakohene|publisher=University of Ghana|accessdate=20 June 2017|archive-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918233720/http://www.ug.edu.gh/commstudies/staff/dr-margaret-i-amoakohene|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Majalisar ƙasa mai mambobi 25 ita ce hukumar ba da shawara ga shugaban ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;unigha&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;appoin&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Akufo-Addo appoints 11 to Council of State|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2017/02/15/akufo-addo-appoints-11-to-council-of-state/|work=Ghana Business News|accessdate=20 June 2017|date=15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Georgina Wood makes history, fills 22-yr-old Council of State vacancy|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/june-20th/you-can-count-on-my-loyalty-georgina-wood-takes-seat-on-council-of-state.php|publisher=myjoyonline|accessdate=21 June 2017|date=20 June 2017|archive-date=20 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620170653/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2017/June-20th/you-can-count-on-my-loyalty-georgina-wood-takes-seat-on-council-of-state.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haihuwan 1960]]</text>
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    <title>Marian Asantewah Nkansah</title>
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'''Marian Asantewah Nkansah''' FGA kwararriya  ce a fannin  muhalli ta ƙasar Ghana. Ayyukanta na bincike suna mayar da hankali ne kan nemo hanyoyin magance matsalolin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da matakan da ƙaddarar abubuwa masu guba kamar su  karafa, gurɓataccen ƙwayoyin halitta (POPs) da polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) a cikin abinci, ruwa, ƙasa, duwatsu, sediments da sauran su samfuran muhalli.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=White clay poses cancer risk - Researchers |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2019/March-12th/white-clay-poses-cancer-risk-researchers.php |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=Myjoyonline |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073115/http://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2019/March-12th/white-clay-poses-cancer-risk-researchers.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=White clay poses cancer risk - Researchers {{!}} Health News 2019-03-12 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/White-clay-poses-cancer-risk-Researchers-729743 |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=GhanaWeb. |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073111/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/White-clay-poses-cancer-risk-Researchers-729743 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi bincike a kan mu’amalar gurbacewar muhalli da juna a cikin muhalli. A cikin shekarar 2016, tare da wasu masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah, ta jagoranci wani bincike wanda ya kai ga tabbatar da cewa farar yumbu mai narkewa yana haifar da haɗarin cutar kansa.   A cikin shekarar 2016, ta zama masaniyar kimiyya ta farko da ta lashe kyautar Fayzah M. Al-Kharafi, lambar yabo ta shekara-shekara wacce ke ba da fifikon mata masana kimiyya daga ƙasashe masu tasowa a fannin kimiyya da fasaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 November 2016 |title=Ghanaian researcher wins first Al-Kharafi Prize {{!}} General News 2016-11-16 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-researcher-wins-first-Al-Kharafi-Prize-487314 |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=GhanaWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ita da Collins Obuah, wani masanin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Ghana, su ne masana kimiyya biyu da aka zaɓa don halartar taron Lindau Nobel Laureate a shekara ta 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-06-20 |title=Two Ghanaian scientists selected for prestigious Nobel Laureates meeting |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/innovation/making-ghana-proud-two-ghanaian-scientists-selected-for-prestigious-nobel-laureates/rzbq764 |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=pulse ghana |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073105/https://www.pulse.com.gh/innovation/making-ghana-proud-two-ghanaian-scientists-selected-for-prestigious-nobel-laureates/rzbq764 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;   A cikin shekarar 2021, ta kasance cikin mata biyar da suka karɓa a ƙasashe masu tasowa na Kyautar Gidauniyar OWSD-Elsevier. Ta sami lambar yabo ta 2022 na Matsayin Matsayi na Afirka Gabaɗaya lambar yabo ta mace, kuma an ƙaddamar da ita a matsayin Fellow of the Academy of Arts and Sciences Ghana a wannan shekarar.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Nkansah a Ghana 'ya ce ga Maryamu da Joseph Nkansah, dukansu masana ilimi ne. Ta yi karatun firamare da sakandare a St. Anthony's Experimental School, [[Nkawkaw]] da St. Roses Senior High School a [[Akwatia]], bi da bi  kuma duk a [[Yankin Gabashi (Ghana)|Gabashin]] Ghana. Daga nan ta ci gaba a Jami’ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda ta samu digirin farko a fannin ilmin sinadarai da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin Chemistry. Ta yi digirin digirgir (PhD) a fannin Chemistry daga Jami'ar Bergen da ke [[Norway]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twas.org/directory/nkansah-marian-asantewah|title=Nkansah, Marian Asantewah|website=TWAS|language=en|access-date=2019-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nef.org/fellow/dr-marian-asantewah-nkansah/|title=NEF Fellow - Marian Asantewah Nkansah|website=Next Einstein Forum|access-date=2019-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iupac.org/100/chemist/marian-asantewah-nkansah-nd/|title=Marian Asantewah Nkansah|website=IUPAC 100|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Mataimakiyar Farfesa ce a sashen Chemistry na Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Kwame Nkrumah inda take koyar da Chemistry Practical, Nuclear/Radiochemistry, Chemistry and Society, and Petroleum Chemistry. Ita ce tsohuwar maigadi a zauren zama na Afirka kuma mataimakiyar daraktan kula da harkokin ɗalibai mai kula da walwala a KNUST. Ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na Shekarar Kimiyya ta Duniya don Ci gaba mai dorewa. Nkansah tsohuwar mamba ce na zartarwa kuma tsohuwar ɗaliba na Global Young Academy. Ita ma mamba ce a hukumar kula da nazarin yanayin ƙasa ta Ghana kuma takwararta ta Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Ghana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marian Asantewah Nkansah |url=http://www.sheathe.org/marian-asantewah-nkansah.html |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=sheathe}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/marian-asantewah-nkansah/|title=Marian Asantewah Nkansah's Profile {{!}}|website=Global Young Academy|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da karramawa ==
An karrama Nkansah kuma an ba ta lambar yabo na ayyukan ta da suka haɗa da:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nkansah Marian Asantewah {{!}} The AAS |url=https://www.aasciences.africa/affiliate/nkansah-marian-asantewah |access-date=2019-10-15 |website=aasciences africa |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073105/https://www.aasciences.africa/affiliate/nkansah-marian-asantewah |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;    

* Fellow na Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya na Ghana
* Ƙungiyar Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Afirka
* An fito da shi a cikin littafi na farko kan Matan Afirka a Kimiyya
* Einstein Forum Fellow
* 2016-Wacce ta lashe kyautar Fayzah M. Al-Kharafi
* 2017-An zaɓeta don halartar taron Lindau Nobel Laureate
* 2017-Zaɓi zuwa Kwalejin Matasa ta Duniya

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haifaffun 1979]]
[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Masallacin Abdullahi bn Umar</title>
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'''Masallacin Abdullahi bn Umar''' daya ne daga cikin masallatan tarihi na yankin Kermanshah, dake cikin gundumar Dalahu.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip|title=Encyclopaedia of the Iranian Architectural History|date=19 May 2011|publisher=Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406043613/http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.isna.ir/news/92053017603/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86|title=مسجد عبدالله بن عمر از نخستین مساجد صدر اسلام در ایران|work=[[Islamic Republic News Agency]]|access-date=10 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://seeiran.ir/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1/|title=مسجد عبداله بن عمر|work=seeiran.ir|access-date=10 August 2019|archive-date=23 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123155719/http://seeiran.ir/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
   

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Maria Musoke</title>
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'''Maria Musoke''', wani lokaci ana kiranta da '''Maria GN Musoke''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu 1955) masaniya a fannin kimiyyar bayanai ce na [[Uganda]] kuma malama. Ita ce mace ta farko 'yar [[Uganda]] da ta sami digiri na uku a fannin Kimiyyar Watsa Labarai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Musoke {{!}} Health Information For All (HIFA.ORG) |url=https://www.hifa.org/support/members/maria |access-date=2023-05-04 |website=www.hifa.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ita farfesa ce a Kimiyyar Watsa Labarai kuma Mataimakiyar Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Kyambogo a [[Uganda]] (Mayu 2018-) Hakanan tana aiki a matsayin memba na majalisa (2019-2022) na Kwalejin Kimiyya ta [[Uganda]].

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Musoke a ranar 19 ga watan Janairu 1955 a gundumar Masaka, ta Tsakiyar [[Uganda]]. Ta halarci Kwalejin Trinity Nabbingo don Takaddun shaida na matakin yau da kullun da azuzuwan matakin ci gaba. (S1-S6). Daga nan ta shiga Jami’ar Makerere a shekarar 1974, inda ta karanci fannin ilmin  dabbobi, da Ilimi, inda ta kammala digirin farko na Kimiyya da Diploma a fannin Ilimi a shekarar 1978. Daga baya ta sami Difloma ta Digiri a Laburare a cikin shekarar 1980 bayan haka ta ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu da Kimiyyar Watsa Labarai, ta kware kan bayanan lafiya a Jami'ar Wales, [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]]. A shekara ta 2001, ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar [[Sheffield]], inda ta zama mace ta farko a [[Uganda]] da ta sami digiri na uku a kimiyyar bayanai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nabatte|first=Proscovia|date=29 September 2016|title=Prof. Maria Musoke a solid bridge between Health and Information Sciences|url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2016/09/prof-maria-musoke-a-solid-bridge-between-health-and-information-sciences/|access-date=6 April 2021|archive-date=3 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240303054816/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2016/09/prof-maria-musoke-a-solid-bridge-between-health-and-information-sciences/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Musoke ta kasance ma'aikaciyar laburare a ɗakin karatu na likitanci na Albert Cook a Jami'ar Makerere kafin ta zama Librarian na Jami'ar Makerere Library daga shekarun 2004 zuwa 2014. Sannan za ta zama farfesa mace ta farko a ilimin kimiyyar bayanai a shekarar 2010. Daga baya ta shiga Makarantar Laburare da Kimiyyar Watsa Labarai ta [[Gabashin Afirka]] a Jami'ar Makerere a shekarar 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 March 2018|title=Prof. Maria scoops Kyambogo post|work=Mulengera|url=https://mulengeranews.com/maks-prof-maria-musoke-scoops-kyambogo-post/|access-date=6 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Mayun 2018, an naɗa ta mataimakiyar shugabar jami'a mai kula da harkokin Ilimi  a Jami'ar Kyambogo. &lt;ref&gt;https://kyu.ac.ug/deputy-vice-chancellor-academic-affairs/&lt;/ref&gt; An naɗa ta ne tare da mataimakiyar Farfesa Annabella Habinka Basaza na Jami’ar Mbarara da Farfesa John Robert Tabuti a matsayin wakilan gwamnati a Majalisar Dattawan Jami’ar Busitema.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nakato |first=Angella |date=2022-08-24 |title=Associate Prof. Anabella to sit on Busitema University Senate. |url=https://www.must.ac.ug/associate-prof-anabella-to-sit-on-busitema-university-senate/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=Mbarara University of Science &amp; Technology |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta rubuta wallafe-wallafe da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Musoke|first=Maria GN|date=2020|title=The strong bridge between African librarians and international partnerships|journal=Health Information &amp; Libraries Journal|volume=37|pages=44–50| issue=S1 |doi=10.1111/hir.12335|pmid=33331097|s2cid=229301517}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Musoke|first=Maria G. N.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952248018|title=Informed and Healthy : Theoretical and Applied Perspectives on the Value of Information to Health Care.|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-12-804366-0|location=Saint Louis|oclc=952248018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Musoke ta sami lambar yabo ta girmamawa a cikin shekarar 2018 daga Cibiyar Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP) don nuna godiya ga gudummawar da ta bayar ga Laburaren da Kimiyyar Bayanai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 May 2019|title=In conversation... Professor Maria G.N. Musoke|url=https://www.cilip.org.uk/events/EventDetails.aspx?id=1233274|access-date=9 April 2020|website=CILIP}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ita memba ce ta Kwamitin Dindindin na Sashen Litattafan Lafiya da Biosciences na Tarayyar Duniya ta Ƙungiyoyin Litattafai da Cibiyoyin (IFLA) (2011-), memba ta Kwamitin Aiki na Duniya kan Big Data a Duniya (2015-) kuma memba ce ta Majalisar Ba da Shawara a Research4Life a cikin 2013.

== Wallafe-wallafe ==

* Musoke, Maria G. N. (2008-11-01). &quot;Strategies for addressing the university library users' changing needs and practices in Sub-Saharan Africa&quot;. The Journal of Academic Librarianship. 34 (6): 532–538. doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2008.10.002. ISSN 0099-1333.
* Musoke, Maria G.N. (2007-01-01). &quot;Information behaviour of primary health care providers in rural Uganda: An interaction‐value model&quot;. Journal of Documentation. 63 (3): 299–322. doi:10.1108/00220410710743261. ISSN 0022-0418.
* Musoke, Maria G. N. (2000). &quot;Information and its value to health workers in rural Uganda: a qualitative perspective*&quot;. Health Libraries Review. 17 (4): 194–202. doi:10.1111/j.1471-1842.2000.00289.x. ISSN 1365-2532. PMID 11198325.
* Musoke, Maria G.N. (2009-01-01). &quot;Document supply services enhance access to information resources in Uganda&quot;. Interlending &amp; Document Supply. 37 (4): 171–176. doi:10.1108/02641610911006256. ISSN 0264-1615.
* Musoke, Maria G. N. (2005). &quot;Access and use of information by primary health care providers in rural Uganda: an interaction-value model&quot;. University of Dar Es Salaam Library Journal. 7 (1): 1–19.
* Musoke, Maria G. N.; Mwesigwa, Andrew (2017-04-02). &quot;Informing Policy and Practice Through Assessment of New Library Books' Usage at Makerere University&quot;. Library Collections, Acquisitions, &amp; Technical Services. 40 (1–2): 10–27. doi:10.1080/14649055.2016.1263501. ISSN 1464-9055. S2CID 63022272.

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1955]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Matters of the Heart (1993 fim)</title>
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'''''Al'amuran Zuciya''''' [[Sinima na Ghana|labari ne na soyayya na Ghana]] na shekarar 1993. Wannan labarin na soyayya ya kasance wanda ya haɗa ma'aurata kuma suka ji dadin kallon fim ɗin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ghana Myjoyonline.com |title=Throwback: 'Nico &amp; Sakina' song from 'Matters of the Heart' movie |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/april-6th/throwback-nico-.php |website=My Joyonline |publisher=Ghana Myjoyonline.com |access-date=6 November 2018 |archive-date=6 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106032723/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2017/april-6th/throwback-nico-.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Makirci ==
Fim ɗin ya jaddada a kan wasu tsuntsayen soyayya guda biyu waɗanda suka haukace da soyayyar juna. Nico a cikin fim ɗin ya kasance cikin soyayya da Sekina. Iyalin Nico ba za su yarda da dangantakar da ke tsakanin tsuntsayen ƙauna guda biyu ba. Dalili kuwa shine Sekina ta fito daga asalin matalauta ne kuma Nico ya fito daga dangi mai arziki kuma danginsa ba za su yarda da dangantakarsu ba.

== Yan wasan kwaikwayo ==

* Grace Omaboe
* Alexandra Duah
* Augustine Abbey (Idikoko)
* Grace Nortey
* Enoch Botchway
* Mac Jordan Amartey
* Adwoa Smart
* Sheila Nortey
* Kofi Dennis
* Sarah Boson
* [[Raymond Kudzawu-D'Pherdd]]

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marcelline Aboh</title>
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'''Marcelline Aboh''' (1940 - 20 Agusta 2017), wanda aka fi sani da ita '''Détin Bonsoir''', mai shirya finafinai ce  [[Benin|na ƙasar Benin]] kuma [[Ɗan wasa|'yar wasan kwaikwayo]] daga [[Porto-Novo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Marcelline Aboh est passée derrière les rideaux – 24 Heures au Bénin |url=https://www.24haubenin.info/?Marcelline-Aboh-est-passee-derriere-les-rideaux |work=24 Heures au Bénin |date=21 August 2017 |language=fr |access-date=25 February 2024 |archive-date=14 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114112225/https://www.24haubenin.info/?Marcelline-Aboh-est-passee-derriere-les-rideaux |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta rasu ne sakamakon [[Ciwon zuciya|bugun zuciya]] bayan ta yi fama da matsalar rashin lafiya sakamakon shekarunta.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Meisegon |first1=Carin |title=Deuil au Bénin: Marcelline Aboh quitte la scène |url=https://www.lespharaons.com/deuil-au-benin-marcelline-aboh-quitte-la-scene/ |access-date=28 November 2019 |work=Les Pharaons |date=21 August 2017 |language=fr |archive-date=19 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019052837/https://www.lespharaons.com/deuil-au-benin-marcelline-aboh-quitte-la-scene/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ita ce babbar mai wasan barkwanci ta ƙungiyar masu barkwanci ta mata da jama'a '''''Les échos de la capitale'''''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Boton |first1=Sam |title=Bénin: La comédienne béninoise Marcelline Aboh s'est éteinte |url=https://lanouvelletribune.info/2017/08/benin-comedienne-beninoise-marcelline-aboh-sest-eteinte/ |access-date=28 November 2019 |work=La Nouvelle Tribune |date=22 August 2017 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Herbert |first1=Ian |last2=Leclercq |first2=Nicole |title=World of Theatre 2003 Edition: An Account of the World's Theatre Seasons 1999–2000, 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-40212-0 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWqCAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA41 |access-date=28 November 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ta fara shigar su a shekara ta 1980 bayan ta fara aikin wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1958.&lt;ref name=&quot;JournalAdjinakou-1&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=da Silva |first1=Cédric |title=Bénin/culture: Marcelline Aboh conduite dans sa dernière demeure |url=https://www.journal-adjinakou-benin.net/actualites/beninculture-marcelline-aboh-conduite-dans-sa-derniere-demeure/ |access-date=28 November 2019 |work=Journal Adjinakou Benin |date=24 September 2017 |language=fr-FR }}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ta haifi 'ya'ya takwas.&lt;ref name=&quot;JournalAdjinakou-1&quot; /&gt; 

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Haihuwan 1940]]</text>
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    <title>Maureen Ihua</title>
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'Maureen Ihuayar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Nollywood wacce ta yi fim a fina-finai kamar Domitila,planned da Unpredictable . Ta yi aiki tare da [[Liz Benson]] da [[Regina Askia-Williams|Regina Askia]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;thisdaylive&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maureen Ihua: I Stopped Acting to Take Care of My Handsome Husband |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/09/03/maureen-ihua-i-stopped-acting-to-take-care-of-my-handsome-husband/amp/ |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.thisdaylive.com |archive-date=2022-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802183417/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2016/09/03/maureen-ihua-i-stopped-acting-to-take-care-of-my-handsome-husband/amp/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
Ihua ta fito ne daga Jihar Rivers kuma ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Mariam Girls . 

== Ayyuka ==
Ta fito a cikin fina-finai kusan 100 a masana'antar Nollywood . 

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

* ''Gidauniyar''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tayo |first=Ayomide O. |date=2018-07-25 |title=30 unforgettable Nollywood home videos you should watch |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/classics-30-unforgettable-nollywood-home-videos-you-should-watch/l554mlf |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=2022-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023222521/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/classics-30-unforgettable-nollywood-home-videos-you-should-watch/l554mlf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Miliyoyin''
* ''Ba a iya tsammani ba''
* ''Ba a tsara shi ba''
* ''Wasan''
* ''Babbar sandar Mama''&lt;ref name=&quot;iliya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=iliya |first=rejoice |date=2022-04-08 |title=Six Binge-Worthy Movies To Entertain You This Weekend |url=https://dailytrust.com/six-binge-worthy-movies-to-entertain-you-this-weekend-3 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=Daily Trust |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702210727/https://dailytrust.com/six-binge-worthy-movies-to-entertain-you-this-weekend-3 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ruhun soyayya''
* ''Masked''
* ''Labari a shekara 60''

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Ihua  yi aure kuma tana da 'ya'ya biyar.

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Miliky MiCool</title>
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'''Beatrice Chinery'''  wanda aka fi sani da Miliky MiCool (c. 1966 - Yuni 10, 2020) yar wasan Ghana ce.  Ta yi suna a farkon 2000s saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin talabijin Kejetia, kuma daga baya ta fito a Yolo. 

== Ayyuka ==
Ta fara aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a 1993. MiCool ya taka rawar gani a cikin shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Kejetia'' a farkon shekarun 2000.  ci gaba da fitowa a wasu fina-finai ciki har da Jamestown Fisherman da ''[[Yolo (fim)|Yolo]]'' .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Online|first=Peace FM|title=Ghanaian Actress Beatrice Chinery A.k.a 'Miliky MiCool' Has Died|url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202006/413023.php|access-date=2020-06-10|website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news|archive-date=2022-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122130705/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/202006/413023.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-11|title=Ghanaian actress Miliki Micool of 'Kejetia' TV series fame dies|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2020/06/ghanaian-actress-miliki-micool-of-kejetia-tv-series-fame-dies/|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana, Current Affairs, Business News , Headlines, Ghana Sports, Entertainment, Politics, Articles, Opinions, Viral Content|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-09-16|title=&quot;James Town Fisherman TV series has come to stay&quot;|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/James-Town-Fisherman-TV-series-has-come-to-stay-326066|access-date=2020-06-12|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Mutuwa ==
MiCool ya mutu daga matsalolin [[Hawan jini|hauhawar jini]] a Asibitin Koyarwa na Korle-Bu a Accra a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 2020. 'uwan MiCool Robert  bayyana cewa ta yi rashin lafiya na wasu watanni amma abubuwa sun fi muni kuma an kai ta asibiti amma ta mutu bayan isowa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-06-10 |title=Veteran actress ‘Miliky MiCool’ has died |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/movies/veteran-actress-miliky-micool-has-died/ |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919024053/https://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/movies/veteran-actress-miliky-micool-has-died/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Popular veteran actress 'Miliky MiCool' dead |url=https://ghanaguardian.com/popular-veteran-actress-miliky-micool-dead |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=The Ghana Guardian News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fiifi |date=2020-06-10 |title=Veteran Ghanaian Actress Beatrice Chinery ‘Miliky MiCool’ Is Dead |url=https://omgvoice.com/celebs/veteran-ghanaian-actress-beatrice-chinery-miliky-micool-is-dead/ |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=OMGVoice |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Osei |first=Chris |date=2020-06-10 |title=Just In: Veteran Ghanaian Actress Beatrice Chinery ‘Miliky MiCool’ Is Dead |url=https://www.zionfelix.net/just-in-veteran-ghanaian-actress-beatrice-chinery-miliky-micool-is-dead/ |access-date=2020-06-10 |website=ZionFelix.net |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hotunan fina-finai ==

* ''Kejetia''
* ''[[Yolo (fim)|Yolo]]''
* ''Mai kamun kifi na Jamestown''

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Mutattun 2020]]</text>
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'''Mary Kavere''', Wacce aka fi sani da '''Mama Kayai''', Tsohuwar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce a [[Kenya]] kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin masu leƙen asiri da aka amince da su don fara masana'antar wasan kwaikwayo a Kenya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Nyanga|first=Caroline|title=Mama Kayai, 'I stayed true to myself'|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001340686/mama-kayai-i-stayed-true-to-myself|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Eve Woman}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ta kasance a cikin masana'antar kusan shekaru arba'in.  shekara ta 2018 an girmama ta da lambar yabo ta Grand Warrior wacce ita ce kuma gabatarwar da aka yi a cikin Riverwood Awards Hall of Fame.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=ebur|first=news|title=Mama Kayai Inducted Into Riverwood Awards Hall of Fame {{!}} Ebru TV Kenya|date=18 September 2018|url=http://www.ebru.co.ke/mama-kayai-inducted-into-riverwood-awards-hall-of-fame/|access-date=2020-11-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814133548/http://www.ebru.co.ke/mama-kayai-inducted-into-riverwood-awards-hall-of-fame/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2021-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814133548/http://www.ebru.co.ke/mama-kayai-inducted-into-riverwood-awards-hall-of-fame/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=THE RIVERWOOD AWARDS 2018 MAIN EVENT – Kenya Film Classification Board|url=https://kfcb.co.ke/the-riverwood-awards-2018-main-event/|access-date=2020-11-06|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204143311/https://kfcb.co.ke/the-riverwood-awards-2018-main-event/|url-status=dead|archivedate=2020-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204143311/https://kfcb.co.ke/the-riverwood-awards-2018-main-event/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ta shiga cikin hasken jama'a a cikin shekarun 1980 bayan firaministan shahararren wasan kwaikwayo na iyali, Vitimbi, a cikin 1985 a cikin Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Kenya wanda aka sani da Muryar Kenya (VOK). Daga baya ta fito a wani shahararren wasan kwaikwayo Vioja Mahakamani . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I was paid a salary of 40 bob — Mama Kayai|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2020-09-25-i-was-paid-a-salary-of-40-bob--mama-kayai/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=The Star|language=en-KE|archive-date=2020-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031080355/https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2020-09-25-i-was-paid-a-salary-of-40-bob--mama-kayai/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  cikin 'yan kwanakin nan tana yin wasan kwaikwayo a wani shirin talabijin na Jungu Kuu [2] wanda aka watsa a kan K24.

Mama Kayai tana aiki ne a matsayin matar wani shahararren dan wasan kwaikwayo, marigayi Benson Wanjau, wanda aka fi sani da Mzee Ojwan'g  kuma an yi bikin su biyu a matsayin ma'aurata masu iko na wasan kwaikwayo na Kenya.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Legendary Vitimbi actor Mzee Makanyaga is dead, to be buried today|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/legendary-vitimbi-actor-mzee-makanyaga-is-dead-to-be-buried-today|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Nairobi News|date=28 October 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104114135/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/legendary-vitimbi-actor-mzee-makanyaga-is-dead-to-be-buried-today|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ojwang, wanda aka yi masa baftisma mahaifin wasan kwaikwayo na iyali ya mutu daga cutar huhu a shekarar 2015.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Legendary Vitimbi actor Mzee Makanyaga is dead, to be buried today|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/legendary-vitimbi-actor-mzee-makanyaga-is-dead-to-be-buried-today|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Nairobi News|date=28 October 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=2020-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104114135/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/legendary-vitimbi-actor-mzee-makanyaga-is-dead-to-be-buried-today|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
'aikatan Vitimbi karkashin jagorancin Mama Kayai da Mzee Ojwan'g koyaushe ana ba su damar nishadantar da al'ummar a duk bukukuwan kasa.

Shugaban da ya kafa Kenya, [[Jomo Kenyatta|Mzee Jomo Kenyatta]] sau da yawa ya gayyaci ma'aikatan vitimbi don jin daɗin shi a gidansa na Gatundu. Marigayi shugaban kasar Daniel Moi ya kuma fi son wasan kwaikwayo na Mama Kayai da Mzee Ojwan'g kuma ba tare da wata dama ta yin wasan kwaikwayo a bukukuwan kasa ba, ya kuma gayyace su zuwa gidan jihar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=pm|first=John Paul Simiyu on 16 January 2020-5:06|title=Tough Decision That Cemented 'Mama Kayai's' Place in Acting|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/48748-tough-decisions-cemented-mama-kayais-place-acting|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Kenyans.co.ke|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsohon shugaban kasar Mwai Kibaki ya kuma gayyaci Mama Kayai da tawagarta zuwa gidan jihar.

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Mary Kavere ta auri marigayi Diel Matano. Suna da 'ya'ya maza biyar. Yanzu ta zama kakarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=pm|first=John Paul Simiyu on 16 January 2020-5:06|title=Tough Decision That Cemented 'Mama Kayai's' Place in Acting|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/48748-tough-decisions-cemented-mama-kayais-place-acting|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Kenyans.co.ke|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta fara tafiyarta a bangaren kirkirar abubuwa a matsayin mai rawa da mawaƙa na gargajiya tare da ƙungiyar, da aka sani da The Black Golden Stars, a Majengo, Pumwani inda ta girma. Kavere daga baya ta sadu da Mzee Ojwan'g da Lucy Wangui (wanda ya taka rawar alƙali a kan ''Vioja'' ''Mahakamani''), a daya daga cikin abubuwan da ta yi.  amince da su biyu don jagorantar ta da kuma taimakawa wajen bunkasa aikinta a wasan kwaikwayo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=pm|first=John Paul Simiyu on 16 January 2020-5:06|title=Tough Decision That Cemented 'Mama Kayai's' Place in Acting|url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/48748-tough-decisions-cemented-mama-kayais-place-acting|access-date=2020-11-06|website=Kenyans.co.ke|language=EN}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta fara wasan kwaikwayo a cikin shirin ''Darubini'' a 1980 kafin ta koma ''Vitimbi'' da ''Vioja Mahakamani'' bi da bi a kan KBC 

== Ayyuka ==

=== Kyaututtuka. ===
An ba Mama Kayai lambar yabo ta Lifetime Achievement Award a 6th Annual Kalasha Awards a cikin 2015  kuma ta sami shigarwa cikin Riverwood Hall of Fame a watan Satumbar 2018 bayan ta lashe kyautar Grand Warrior a Riverwood Awards. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maria da Piedade de Jesus</title>
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'''Maria da Piedade de Jesus''' ƙwararriyar mai ilimin kimiya ce kuma tsohuwar ministar al'adu a [[Angola]].

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Maria da Piedade de Jesus a Moçâmedes, Angola.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carolina Cerqueira e Maria da Piedade de Jesus têm novos cargos no Executivo|url=http://jornaldeangola.sapo.ao/politica/carolina-cerqueira-e-maria-da-piedade-de-jesus-tem-novos-cargos-no-executivo|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220175056/http://jornaldeangola.sapo.ao/politica/carolina-cerqueira-e-maria-da-piedade-de-jesus-tem-novos-cargos-no-executivo|archive-date=2020-02-20|website=Jornal de Angola|access-date=2024-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ita ce masaniya a fannin ilimin kimiya na kayan tarihi wacce ta yi aiki a kan fasahar lithic daga zamanin Palaeolithic&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2019-09-01|title=Multi-analytical approach to the study of the European glass beads found in the tombs of Kulumbimbi (Mbanza Kongo, Angola)|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0026265X19303583|journal=Microchemical Journal|language=en|volume=149|pages=103990|doi=10.1016/j.microc.2019.103990|issn=0026-265X|last1=Costa|first1=Mafalda|last2=Barrulas|first2=Pedro|last3=Dias|first3=Luís|last4=Da Conceição Lopes|first4=Maria|last5=Barreira|first5=João|last6=Clist|first6=Bernard|last7=Karklins|first7=Karlis|last8=Da Piedade De Jesus|first8=Maria|last9=Da Silva Domingos|first9=Sónia|last10=Vandenabeele|first10=Peter|last11=Mirão|first11=José|s2cid=197326965}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;  da kuma kan kayan tarihi daga wurin Mbanza Kongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Gutierrez|first1=Manuel|last2=Guérin|first2=Claude|last3=Karlin|first3=Claudine|last4=Jesus|first4=Maria da Piedade de|last5=Benjamim|first5=Maria Helena|last6=Lebatard|first6=Anne-Élisabeth|last7=Bourlès|first7=Didier L.|last8=Braucher|first8=Régis|last9=Leanni|first9=Laetitia|date=2010-09-15|title=Recherches archéologiques à Dungo (Angola). Un site de charognage de baleine de plus d'un million d'années|url=http://journals.openedition.org/aaa/694|journal=Afrique: Archéologie &amp; Arts|language=fr|issue=6|pages=25–47|doi=10.4000/aaa.694|issn=1634-3123}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;  Ta yi karatu a Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University; MA (2004), Masters of Research (2005), da PhD (2010) duk sun mayar da hankali kan tarin kayan tarihi na lithic daga wurin [[Dungo]] a Angola.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Piedade de Jesus|first=Maria da|date=2005-10-15|title=Recherches sur le Paléolithique inférieur en Angola|url=http://journals.openedition.org/aaa/2250|journal=Afrique: Archéologie &amp; Arts|language=fr|issue=3|pages=127|issn=1634-3123}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Piedade de Jesus|first=Maria da|date=2006-12-15|title=Essai d'étude tracéologique d'un corpus lithique acheuléen du sud de l'Angola . Matériel archéologique issu des fouilles récentes à Baia-Farta (Benguela, Angola)|url=http://journals.openedition.org/aaa/1470|journal=Afrique: Archéologie &amp; Arts|language=fr|issue=4|pages=135–136|issn=1634-3123}}&lt;/ref&gt; PhD dinta yana da taken &quot;Recherches sur le paléolithique inférieur de la bande côtière d'Angola: etude comparative techno-typologique et tracéologique du matériel lithique des sites: de Dungo IV; Dungo V; Dungo XII&quot; (&quot;Bincike cikin Ƙananan Palaeoli na Ƙasashen waje na Ƙasar Palaeoli). Yankin bakin teku na Angoloa: kwatankwacin fasaha-nau'i-nau'i da bincike-bincike na kayan lithic na rukunin yanar gizon Dungo IV, Dungo V, Dungo XII).&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite thesis|title=Recherches sur le paléolithique inférieur de la bande côtière d'Angola : étude comparative techno-typologique et tracéologique du matériel lithique des sites : de Dungo IV; Dungo V; Dungo XII|url=https://www.theses.fr/2010PA010587|publisher=Paris 1|date=2010-01-01|degree=These de doctorat|first=Maria da Piedade de|last=Jesus}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

da Piedade de Jesus ta yi aiki a matsayin darektar al'adu na lardin Namibe kuma a matsayin Darakta Janar na Cibiyar Al'adu ta Ƙasa ta Angolan.  An naɗa ta Sakatariyar Al’adu a shekarar 2018, kuma a matsayin Ministar Al’adu a watan Yuni 2019, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa watan Afrilu 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Carbone|first=Giovanni|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GL_LDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Maria+da+Piedade+de+Jesus%22&amp;pg=PA78|title=Leaders for a New Africa|date=2019-10-01|publisher=Ledizioni|isbn=978-88-5526-087-9|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Carolina Cerqueira and Maria da Piedade de Jesus have new Executive positions {{!}} IFACCA - International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies|url=https://ifacca.org/news/2019/06/24/carolina-cerqueira-and-maria-da-piedade-de-jesus-h/|access-date=2021-09-22|website=ifacca.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-26|title='With Covid-19, See How Resilient Nature Is'|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/current-affairs/2020/05/26/with-covid-19-see-how-resilient-nature-is/|access-date=2021-09-22|website=Forbes Africa|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wallafe-wallafen da aka zaɓa ==
*Manuel Gutierrez, Claude Guérin, Claudine Karlin, Maria da Piedade de Jesus, Maria Helena Benjamim, Anne-Élisabeth Lebatard, Didier L. Bourlès, Régis Braucher and Laetitia Leanni, &quot;Recherches archéologiques à Dungo (Angola). Un site de charognage de baleine de plus d’un million d’années&quot;, ''Afrique Archelogies Arts'' 6 (2010), pp.&amp;nbsp;25–47&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
*Mafalda Costa, Pedro Barrulas, Luís Dias, Maria da Conceição Lopes, João Barreira, Bernard Clist, Karlis Karklins, Maria da Piedade de Jesus, Sónia da Silva Domingos, Peter Vandenabeele, José Mirão, &quot;Multi-analytical approach to the study of the European glass beads found in the tombs of Kulumbimbi (Mbanza Kongo, Angola), ''Microchemical Journal'' 149 (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
*Mafalda Costa, Pedro Barrulas, Luís Dias, Maria da Conceição Lopes, João Barreira, Bernard Clist, Karlis Karklins, Maria da Piedade de Jesus, Sónia da Silva Domingos, Luc Moens, Peter Vandenabeele, José Mirão, &quot;Determining the provenance of the European glass beads of Lumbu (Mbanza Kongo, Angola)&quot;, ''Microchemical Journal'' 154 (2020)&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2020-05-01|title=Determining the provenance of the European glass beads of Lumbu (Mbanza Kongo, Angola)|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0026265X19323902|journal=Microchemical Journal|language=en|volume=154|pages=104531|doi=10.1016/j.microc.2019.104531|issn=0026-265X|last1=Costa|first1=Mafalda|last2=Barrulas|first2=Pedro|last3=Dias|first3=Luís|last4=Lopes|first4=Maria da Conceição|last5=Barreira|first5=João|last6=Clist|first6=Bernard|last7=Karklins|first7=Karlis|last8=De Jesus|first8=Maria da Piedade|last9=Da Silva Domingos|first9=Sónia|last10=Moens|first10=Luc|last11=Vandenabeele|first11=Peter|last12=Mirão|first12=José|s2cid=134887097}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Marizen Marais</title>
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'''Marizen Marais''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1996) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Team Details – South Africa |url=https://tms.fih.ch/competitions/1176/reports/teams |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=tms.fih.ch |publisher=[[International Hockey Federation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'yar wasan hockey ce daga [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . A shekarar 2020, ta kasance 'yar wasa a gasar Olympics ta bazara.&lt;ref name=&quot;IOC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MARAIS Marizen |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/hockey/athlete-profile-n1318790-marais-marizen.htm |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=olympics.com |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Marizen Marais ta kammala karatu daga Jami'ar Pretoria . 

== Ayyuka ==

=== Kasa da shekara 21 ===
Marais ta fara bugawa tawagar Afirka ta Kudu U-21 a shekarar 2016, a gasar cin kofin Junior Africa a [[Windhoek]] . Bayan samun cancanta zuwa gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIH Junior, ta ci gaba da wakiltar tawagar a gasar a [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]].&lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MARAIS Marizen |url=https://tms.fih.ch/people/4716 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=tms.fih.ch |publisher=[[International Hockey Federation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙungiyar ƙasa ===
Marais ta fara buga wasan farko na kasa da kasa a [[Tawagar wasan hockey na mata na Afirka ta Kudu na wakiltar Afirka ta Kudu|Afirka ta Kudu]] a shekarar 2016, a lokacin fitowar farko ta Cape Town Summer Series . &lt;ref name=&quot;FIH&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2019, Marais ya kasance memba na tawagar a FIH Series Final a [[Valencia]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MARAIS Marizen |url=https://www.fihseriesfinals.com/1054/players/marais-marizen__74438__5062 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=fihseriesfinals.com |publisher=[[2018-19 Women's FIH Series Finals|FIH Series Finals]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan jerin kyawawan wasanni, an kira Marais zuwa tawagar Afirka ta Kudu don wasannin Olympics na bazara na 2020 a [[Tokyo]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SA Hockey Squads Selected |url=https://www.sahockey.co.za/sa-teams/717-sa-hockey-squads-selected |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=sahockey.co.za |publisher=[[South African Hockey Association]] |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527100816/https://www.sahockey.co.za/sa-teams/717-sa-hockey-squads-selected |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tuks hockey players excited to represent SA at Tokyo Games |url=https://supersport.com/general/olympics-hockey/news/210527_Tuks_hockey_players_excited_to_represent_SA_at_Tokyo_Games |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=supersport.com |publisher=[[SuperSport (South African TV channel)|SuperSport]] |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723064756/https://supersport.com/general/olympics-hockey/news/210527_Tuks_hockey_players_excited_to_represent_SA_at_Tokyo_Games |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Za ta fara wasan Olympics a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 2021, a wasan Pool A da Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Olympic Games (Women) |url=https://tms.fih.ch/competitions/1176 |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=tms.fih.ch |publisher=[[International Hockey Federation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Category:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Category:Haifaffun 1996]]</text>
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    <title>Matsayi na ilimi a Maroko</title>
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[[Fayil:Flag of Morocco (construction sheet).svg|thumb|tsarin tutar su shima akwai ilimin lissafi aciki]]
'''Ilimi a Moroko''' Tsarin ba da gudummawa a [[Moroko|Maroko]] galibi ma'auni ne mai maki 20, ana amfani dashi a makarantun sakandare da jami'o'i.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Nick |date=April 2006 |title=Education in Maghreb: Morocco |url=https://wenr.wes.org/2006/04/wenr-apr-2006-education-in-morocco#:~:text=All%20Moroccan%20universities%20use%20a,the%20next%20year%20of%20studies. |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=wenr.wes.org |publisher=World Education News + Reviews}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin lokaci, ba a la'akari da maki na al'ada da aka yi amfani da su a Maroko a cikin shirye-shiryen digiri na karɓa ba saboda wasu dalilai marasa fahimta: alal misali, maki na 12 (wanda a zahiri maki ne mai wucewa a Maroko amma daidai da 60% a [[Amurka]] inda ake la'akari dashi a ƙasa da matsakaici) gabaɗaya maki ne mai kyau don neman karatun digiri da taimakon kuɗi ko tallafin karatu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Entry requirements for students from Morocco |url=https://www.port.ac.uk/study/international-students/your-country/morocco |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=port.ac.uk |publisher=University of Portsmouth}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin tsarin Maroko: matsakaicin matsakaicin 12 daga 20, Assez Bien, Good. Ko daidai a cikin tsarin Amurka: matsakaicin 'B' ko matsakaicin maki 3.00 (GPA) a kan sikelin GPA 4.00.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Entry requirements for students from Morocco |url=https://www.jmu.edu/admissions/apply/country-reqs/africa-and-middle-east/morocco.shtml |access-date=1 June 2023 |publisher=university james madison}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amma wasu jami'o'in Turai suna amfani da buƙatun shigarwa daban ga ɗaliban Maroko. Kasashen makwabta na Maroko, [[Aljeriya]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Admission Requirements: Algeria |url=https://www.jmu.edu/admissions/apply/country-reqs/africa-and-middle-east/algeria.shtml |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=jmu.edu |publisher=James Madison University}}&lt;/ref&gt; da [[Tunisiya]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2006 |title=Education in the Maghreb: Tunisia |url=https://wenr.wes.org/2006/04/wenr-apr-2006-education-in-tunisia |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=wenr.wes.org |publisher=World Education News + Reviews}}&lt;/ref&gt; suna da irin wannan tsarin kimantawa.

== Tsarin darajar ==
Tsarin ƙididdigar Maroko ya kasance daga 0 zuwa 20. Zai zama ba daidai ba don kawai ninka darajar Maroko ta hanyar 5 don samun kwatankwacin Kanada ko Amurka. Sakamakon 20 yana nuna kammalawa kuma kusan ba a taɓa ba da shi ba. Sakamakon 19 da 18 ba a ba su da yawa. Dangane da batun da matakin, 16 kyakkyawan matsayi ne. A wasu yanayi, ana iya ɗaukar 12 a matsayin kyakkyawan matsayi, wannan musamman idan ya zo ga Kimiyya ta Jama'a ko bil'adama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Overview of the French system |url=http://www.claudel.org/admin/orientation/pages/overview.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090906082452/http://www.claudel.org/admin/orientation/pages/overview.htm |archive-date=2009-09-06 |access-date=2009-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ka'ida, an kiyasta matsakaicin ɗalibi 11/20; ɗalibi mai basira ya ci - 15/20. Yawancin cibiyoyin ilimi suna da matsakaicin matsayi a ƙasa da 10; maki sama da 12/20 sun kiyasta mafi kyawun 10% zuwa 15% na aji.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CampusFrance- Academic calendar, courses types and grading system |url=http://philippines.campusfrance.org/enseignement03.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010164212/http://philippines.campusfrance.org/enseignement03.asp |archive-date=2009-10-10 |access-date=2009-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Scale da aka ba da shawarar don Morocco &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 2006 |title=Education in Maghreb: Morocco |url=https://wenr.wes.org/2006/04/wenr-apr-2006-education-in-morocco#:~:text=All%20Moroccan%20universities%20use%20a,the%20next%20year%20of%20studies. |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=wenr.wes.org |publisher=World Education News + Reviews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Matsayi
!An ambaci shi
!Daidaitaccen Turanci
!Matsayi na Amurka
|-
|16 - 20
|Daɗi sosai
| (Yana da kyau sosai) 
|A+
|-
|13 - 15.9
|Daɗi
| (Kyakkyawan) 
|A
|-
|12-12.9
|Daɗi ne
| (Ya isa ya yi kyau) 
|B+
|-
|11-11.9
|Mai wucewa
| (Mai gamsarwa) 
|B
|-
|10-10.9
|Matsakaicin
| (Ya isa) 
|C
|-
|0.0-9.9
|Rashin daidaituwa
| (Matsayi mara kyau) 
|*
|}
A cikin tsarin da yawa, an raba cikakken sikelin maki ba kawai tsakanin wucewa da kasawa ba, amma a cikin &quot;aji&quot; daban-daban ko &quot;ƙungiyoyi&quot; daidai da manyan &quot;lambar inganci&quot; da aka sanya wa wani rukuni na maki na lambobi. Don haka, a cikin Ƙasar Ingila, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=The UK Honours degree system for undergraduates |url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/students/exams-and-assessments/certificates-results/uk-honours-degree-system-undergraduates |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=ucl.ac.uk |publisher=London's Global University |archive-date=9 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909142033/https://www.ucl.ac.uk/students/exams-and-assessments/certificates-results/uk-honours-degree-system-undergraduates |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; akwai &quot;Kilasi na Farko, &quot;Kila na Biyu&quot; (wanda aka raba tsakanin manyan da ƙananan ɗalibai) da &quot;Kilasin na Uku&quot;, yayin da Faransanci, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Description of the Grading System |url=https://ices.fr/media/ices_grading_system__099258700_1717_09092015.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606225542/https://ices.fr/media/ices_grading_system__099258700_1717_09092015.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=ices.fr |publisher=Institut Catholique d'Etudes Supérieures}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jamusanci &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 January 2013 |title=German Grading System |url=https://www.studying-in-germany.org/german-grading-system/ |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=studying-in-germany.org |publisher=Studying in Germany}}&lt;/ref&gt; ko Mutanen Espanya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Official Spanish grading system |url=https://www.eii.ulpgc.es/tb_university_ex/sites/default/files/files/Mobility/Incoming/The%20Official%20Spanish%20grading%20system.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200917204824/https://www.eii.ulpgc.es/tb_university_ex/sites/default/files/files/Mobility/Incoming/The%20Official%20Spanish%20grading%20system.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2020 |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=eii.ulpgc.es |publisher=Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria}}&lt;/ref&gt; ana iya lakafta su a irin wannan hanyar kamar, misali, Passable (Average), Gut (Good) ko Sobresaliente (Outstanding).Ma'anar waɗannan alamomi a cikin mahallin su yana da lahani ta al'ada da al'ada. Don haka, &quot;Kilasi na Uku&quot; na Burtaniya (alama ce ta wucewa, amma yawanci ana ba da ita ne kawai ga ƙananan ɗalibai masu iyaka) ya bambanta da Passable na Maroko (lambar da aka yi amfani da ita sosai wanda ya saba amfani da ita ga yawancin maki na wucewa). Koyaya mai jaraba yana iya zama, daidaita &quot;mai wucewa&quot; tare da &quot;Kilasi na Uku&quot; saboda dukansu sun dace da mafi ƙasƙanci na lakabin &quot;ma'auni na wucewa&quot; ba zai iya la'akari da ainihin ma'anar su ba.

A sakamakon haka, ma'auni na juyawa ya kamata ya mai da hankali sosai ga rukunoni / aji na maki. Ya kamata a sami fifiko na farko don tabbatar da cewa an fassara wannan mahimmin bayanai daidai lokacin da ake canza maki na kasashen waje; daidaitawa mai kyau a cikin kowane aji ko rukuni shine kawai motsa jiki mai ƙasƙanci: abin da ke da mahimmanci a Burtaniya shine ko maki ne &quot;Na farko&quot; ko a'a, ba ko 71 ko 72 ba. Wannan lura yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da ake canza maki daga tsarin ta amfani da sikelin lambobi mai yawa zuwa, alal misali, tsarin Amurka wanda yawanci yana da maki uku kawai (ko rukunoni) daidai da haruffa A, B, da C. A Amurka, ana iya ɗaukar &quot;D&quot; a matsayin maki mai wucewa, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=APUS Grading System (Chart) |url=https://www.apus.edu/student-handbook/your-academic-success/your-course-grades-and-apus-transcripts/apus-grading-system-chart.html |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=apus.edu |publisher=American Public University System}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma ba don dalilai na canja wuri ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reed |first=Matt |title=What Do D's Mean? |url=https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/confessions-community-college-dean/what-do-d%E2%80%99s-mean#:~:text=My%20cc%2C%20like%20most%20colleges,or%20perhaps%20a%20mercy%20pass. |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=insidehighered.com |publisher=Inside Higher Ed}}&lt;/ref&gt;Bukatar mai da hankali ga aji na aji yana ƙarfafa ƙaddamar da cewa hanyoyin layi, waɗanda ke watsi da iyakokin aji, ba komai bane face kuskuren da haɗari. Suna karkatar da saƙon asali kamar yadda ake bincika kalma-kalma a cikin ƙamus na harsuna biyu: ga kowane kalma akwai kalma mai dacewa a cikin ɗayan harshe, amma jerin kalmomin da aka samu kusan tabbas yana nufin wani abu daban (ko babu komai) a cikin harshen da aka yi niyya.&lt;ref name=&quot;wes.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Article: Capturing the Message Conveyed by Grades |url=http://www.wes.org/gradeconversionguide/articlewindow.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091127162240/http://www.wes.org/gradeconversionguide/articlewindow.htm |archive-date=2009-11-27 |access-date=2009-07-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsarin lissafi ya kasa kama saƙon Dukansu a Turai da Amurka, an yi ƙoƙari da yawa na baya-bayan nan don haɗa tsarin lissafi na atomatik, wanda ke &quot;ƙididdige&quot; maki na ƙasashen waje a cikin tsarin ƙididdigar ƙasa na mai amfani. Koyaya, waɗannan ƙididdigar ba sa samar da adadi waɗanda suke da abin dogaro da adalci game da saƙon da aka isar da shi ta hanyar asali. Babban rashi shine cewa ba za su iya magance wasu mahimman halaye na tsarin grading ba: • Tsarin grading ba layi ba ne kuma galibi ana nuna su ta hanyar rarraba maki da aka ba ɗalibai. Duk da yake malamai na Amurka ko Italiyanci za su yi amfani da bangare na sama na ma'aunin su (ko da yake a hanyoyi daban-daban), wasu (misali, Faransanci da Burtaniya) a aikace ba za su taɓa amfani da saman 20% na sikelin su ba. Saboda wannan dalili, shawarwari da suka danganci tsarin layi na iya haifar da sakamako mai banƙyama: Kwanan nan na ga batun dalibi na Jamus a Faransa wanda ya sami 15 (mai kyau) wanda aka canza shi zuwa Jamusanci 2.5 (wani matsakaici); akasin haka, dalibi na Burtaniya wanda ya sami 27/30 a Italiya zai sami kowane dalili don jin daɗi idan an lissafa wannan digiri don ya dace da Birtaniya 90/100!• Yawancin tsarin grading ba su ci gaba ba amma an raba su zuwa &quot;aji&quot; ko &quot;ƙungiyoyi&quot; da yawa waɗanda suka dace da matakan aiki masu yawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa karamin bambanci a cikin lambobi na iya ɓoye bambanci mai mahimmanci a cikin ma'ana lokacin da aka ƙetare iyakar &quot;aji&quot;: a cikin Ƙasar Ingila, digiri na 70 da aka rarraba a matsayin &quot;Klasi na Farko&quot; ya bambanta da 69 (&quot;Klasi na Biyu&quot;), yayin da wannan ƙaramin bambancin 1 ba shi da mahimmanci tsakanin maki na 54 da 55 (duka &quot;Klasi ta Biyu&quot;).

• Grading ya bambanta ba kawai tsakanin ƙasashe ba, amma akwai, har ma, bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin al'adun grading da manufofi dangane da nau'in da matakin ma'aikatar grading, filin karatu, ko ma nau'in digiri (jarabawar ƙarshe, tsakiyar lokaci, takarda, ko matsakaicin lissafi daga abubuwa daban-daban).

Da yake ɗaukar Faransa a matsayin misali, an san shi sosai cewa maki a &quot;classes préparatoires,&quot; wanda ke ɗaukar ɗalibai mafi kyau a kan hanyarsu zuwa &quot;Grandes Ecoles,&quot; suna da ƙarancin gaske, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bonnaud |first=Marie |last2=Mandry |first2=Philippe |title=En prépa, dois-je m'attendre obligatoirement à une chute des notes ? |url=https://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/classes-prepa/reussir-sa-prepa-les-reponses-a-vos-questions/en-prepa-dois-je-m-attendre-obligatoirement-a-une-chute-des-notes.html |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=letudiant.fr |publisher=l'Etudiant}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da, alal misali, 11/20 da aka gani a matsayin ƙwarewa mai ƙarfi, yayin da alamar wucewa a Faransa yawanci matsakaicin 10/20 ne da aka lissafa akan duk batutuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Academic Grading System in France |url=http://www.cnsmd-lyon.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Academic-grading-system-in-France.pdf |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=cnsmd-lyon.fr |publisher=Conservatoire National Supérieur Musique et Danse de Lyon}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakanan akwai yiwuwar mafi ƙarancin maki na wucewa a kowane batun da aka saita a matakin ƙasa, misali, 8/20.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bonnaud |first=Marie |last2=Mandry |first2=Philippe |title=En prépa, dois-je m'attendre obligatoirement à une chute des notes ? |url=https://www.letudiant.fr/etudes/classes-prepa/reussir-sa-prepa-les-reponses-a-vos-questions/en-prepa-dois-je-m-attendre-obligatoirement-a-une-chute-des-notes.html |access-date=6 June 2020 |website=letudiant.fr |publisher=l'Etudiant}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rarraba maki yana da bambanci tsakanin wasu filayen ƙididdiga (tare da maki da aka rarraba a duk kewayon) da filayen da ba su da yawa (inda maki suka fi mayar da hankali a tsakiya, kuma ba a amfani da ɓangaren sama na sikelin ba). Don haka, ko da a cikin wata ƙasa, darajar na iya samun &quot;al'ada,&quot; fahimta, ma'anar ma'ana wanda ke buƙatar daidaitawa (sama ko ƙasa) dangane da jerin abubuwan da suka shafi wanda ya ba shi da wanda ya fassara shi.Daga abubuwan da aka lura a sama, babban ƙarshe na shi ne cewa maki na kasashen waje ba kawai lambobi ne da za a iya lissafawa ta hanyar amfani da tsarin lissafi ba, amma saƙon da ke buƙatar fahimta da farko a cikin tsarin asali kuma a mataki na biyu wanda masu amfani suka fassara a cikin nasu tsarin.

Tsarin lissafi mai sauƙi tare da da'awar su ga duniya ba komai bane face sauƙaƙe gaskiyar da suka kasa kamawa Wannan, duk da haka, ba yana nufin cewa ba za a iya tsara tsarin fassarar ƙididdigar ƙasashen waje a hanyar da ta dace ba, ta hanyar da ta fi dacewa bisa ga cikakken ƙoƙari don fahimtar saƙon da [ƙididdigar baƙi] ke ɗauka. Yana yiwuwa a zana tebur (&quot;gidan daidaitawa na digiri,&quot; &quot;ma'auni na daidaitawa&quot;) wanda ke ba da &quot;al'ada&quot; ko &quot;ma'ana&quot; ma'ana a cikin wani tsarin grading, da farko a kan tushen biyu sannan kuma a cikin wani mahallin da yawa. Amma wannan motsa jiki yana da alaƙa da rikitarwa na harshen ɗan adam fiye da lissafi. Yana buƙatar ƙarin sauraro, tawali'u da sassauci maimakon halin koyarwa da imani a cikin tsarin / amsoshi na duniya. Fiye da haka, zane-zanen teburin da za su iya zama tushen fassarar maki na kasashen waje zai yiwu ne kawai idan an lura da wasu mahimman la'akari. Sauran labarin ya gabatar da ka'idoji shida waɗanda zasu iya jagorantar ci gaba na gaba a fannin kula da ƙwarewar ƙasashen waje.&lt;ref name=&quot;wes.org&quot;/&gt;

== Bayani ==

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

* https://books.google.com/books?id=DXsF7fT318QC&amp;
* https://web.archive.org/web/20081221120451/http://www.experienceittours.com/moroccoeducation.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20090103161709/http://www.britishcouncil.org/eumd-information-background-morocco.htm
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Makarantar Kwalejin Kwame N'Krumah</title>
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'''National Lyceum Kwame N'Krumah''' ( [[Harshen Portuguese|Fotigal]] : ''Liceu Nacional Kwame N'Krumah'', '''LNKN''' ) cibiyar ilimi ce [[Gine-Bisau|ta Bissau-Guinean]], mai tushe a [[Bisau|Bissau]], babban birnin ƙasar.

Ita ce tsohuwar makarantar sakandare ta jama'a &lt;ref&gt;Delgado, António Pedro..[http://www.jornalnopintcha.gw/defice-de-conhecimentos-basicos-da-lingua-portuguesa/ Défice de conhecimentos básicos da Língua Portuguesa]{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Nô Pintcha. 2017&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda aka fi girmamawa a Guinea-Bissau. &lt;ref&gt;Djob, Pate Cabral. [https://conosaba.blogspot.com/2015/04/educacao-349-finalistas-do-kwame.html?m=0 Educação: 349 finalistas do &quot;Kwame N'Krumah&quot; recebem diplomas]. Blog Conosaba. 20 de abril de 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
National Lyceum Kwame N'Krumah ya fito ne daga makarantar sakandare ta farko a Guinea ta Portugal, a lokacin da matasa daga mulkin mallaka suka tafi babban birni don ci gaba da karatunsu.&lt;ref&gt;Mateus, Maria Regina Marques.
 [https://repositorioaberto.uab.pt/bitstream/10400.2/6552/1/TMAGE_MReginaMateus.pdf Promoção dos direitos da mulher e da criança na Licenciatura em Educação de Infância da Faculdade de Ciências da Educação da Universidade Católica da Guiné Bissau]. Universidade Aberta de Portugal. 2016&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tushe ===
Ta hanyar doka No. 13130, na Afrilu 22, 1950, an kirkiro makarantar sakandare ta Bissau (Colégio-Liceu de Bissau), &lt;ref&gt;Furtado, Alexandre Brito Ribeiro.
 [https://ria.ua.pt/bitstream/10773/1098/1/2005001736.pdf Administração e Gestão da Educação na Guiné-Bissau: Incoerências e Descontinuidades] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106103841/https://ria.ua.pt/bitstream/10773/1098/1/2005001736.pdf |date=2021-01-06 }}. Universidade de Aveiro. 2005&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya ba da ilimin sakandare ga matasa na wannan lokacin har zuwa shekara ta 5 ta makarantar sakandare, wanda ya dace da shekara ta 9 ta yanzu a cikin tsarin ilimi na Guinea-Bissau. Wani rukuni na masu ilimi na Portuguese ne suka tsara Lyceum.

Koyaya, a watan Maris na shekara ta 1958 ne kawai aka haɗa makarantar sakandare ta Bissau da tsarin shari'a na makarantun sakandare na Portugal, bayan sun sami sunan Honório Barreto Lyceum (''Liceu Honório Barreto''). A shekara mai zuwa, a 1959, Lyceum ta sami ginin kanta, aikin gine-gine na Eurico Pinto Lopes.&lt;ref&gt;Fernandes, José Manuel. [http://www.hpip.org/def/pt/Homepage/Obra?a=1742 Outros Equipamentos]. Heritage of Portuguese Influence/ Património de Influência Portuguesa — HPIP. 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan samun 'yancin kai ===
A shekara ta 1975, a shekara ta biyu ta 'yancin kai na kasa, an sake masa suna zuwa sunansa na yanzu, National Lyceum Kwame N'Krumah (Liceu Nacional Kwame N 'Krumah). Honors [[Kwame Nkrumah|Kwame N'Krumah]], Shugaban farko na [[Ghana]], daya daga cikin masu ba da shawara ga ra'ayoyin Pan-Africanist.&lt;ref name=&quot;MECC&quot;&gt;[http://mecckwamenkrumah.blogspot.com/2009/04/director-do-liceu-nacional-kwame.html Director do Liceu Nacional Kwame N'Krumah]. Blog MECC Kwame N'Krumah. 7 de abril de 2009&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta ilimi ta 1984-1985, LNKN, wacce ke da babban tsari, ta sami babban gyare-gyare na gudanarwa, an raba ta zuwa manyan makarantu huɗu: Lyceum Kwame N'Krumah na kasa (babban magajin makarantar sakandare ta tarihi), Lyceum na Yankin 1 (Agostinho Neto Lyceum ta yanzu), Lyceus na Yankin 2 (Samora Moisés Machel Lyceum) da kuma 23 de Janeiro School Unit.&lt;ref name=&quot;MECC&quot;/&gt;

A cikin 2017, Ofishin Jakadancin kasar Sin a Bissau ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai ba da kuɗin aikin sabuntawa don Ginin Honório Barreto, ginin hedkwatar Lyceum Kwame N'Krumah na kasa, tare da jaddadawa ta musamman kan inganta dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya na halitta.

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==</text>
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    <title>Makullin aiki</title>
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Ana amfani da kalmar kulle-kulle don bayyana rashin iyawar ma'aikaci ya bar aiki kyauta saboda yin hakan zai haifar da asarar fa'idodin ma'aikayi (yawanci lafiya ko ritaya). A cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, kulle-kulle na aiki na iya bayyana halin da ake ciki inda ake biyan ma'aikaci sama da sikelin ko kuma ya tara fa'idodi masu mahimmanci, don haka canza ayyukan ba wani zaɓi ne na gaskiya ba saboda zai haifar da karamin albashi, karancin lokacin hutu, da [[Sauran rubutun mata|sauransu]].

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Saboda babbar hanyar inshora ga yawancin Amurkawa ita ce Inshorar Lafiya da Ma'aikaci (EPHI) kuma ma'aikaci ba zai iya ɗaukar EPHI tare da su ba lokacin da suka bar aikinsu, kulle-kulle na aiki mai alaƙa da fa'idodi damuwa ne a Amurka.

Rashin jigilar EPHI shine abin da ke sa ma'aikata su kulle cikin ayyukansu na yanzu, saboda haka kalmar kulle aikin. Bridget Madrian ta yi jayayya a cikin 1994 cewa alaƙar da ke tsakanin EPHI da motsi na Kasuwar aiki muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce wajen kimanta shawarwari da yawa don sake fasalin tsarin kiwon lafiya na Amurka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madrian&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Madrian |first=Brigitte C. |year=1994 |title=Employment-Based Health Insurance and Job Mobility: Is There Evidence of Job-Lock? |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w4476.pdf |journal=[[Quarterly Journal of Economics]] |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=27–54 |doi=10.2307/2118427 |jstor=2118427 |s2cid=154121014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Binciken da Madrian ya yi (1994) ya kiyasta cewa toshewar aiki ya rage yawan masu sa kai na waɗanda ke da EPHI da kashi 25 cikin dari.

Ƙoƙarin majalisa waɗanda suka yi ƙoƙari su magance kulle-kulle na aikin da ya shafi inshora na kiwon lafiya a Amurka sune Dokar sulhu ta kasafin kudi ta 1985 (COBRA) da Dokar Kula da Inshora ta Kiwon Lafiya da Dokar Kulawa ta 1996 (HIPAA).  {{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2013}}Koyaya, ma'aikata na iya buƙatar tsoffin ma'aikatan su biya kashi 102 cikin 100 na cikakken kuɗin COBRA tsakanin sauran matsaloli da yawa kuma HIPAA ba ta tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan da ke canza ayyukan za su sami damar ɗaukar inshorar lafiya a kan sabon aikin ko kuma ɗaukar da aka bayar zai kasance mai araha. Don haka, COBRA ko HIPAA ba su tabbatar da iya biyan inshorar kiwon lafiya ba - babban dalilin kulle-kulle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Job Lock&quot; Not Diminished by New HIPAA Law, EBRI Reports &amp;#124; EBRI&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://www.ebri.org/publications/prel/index.cfm?fa=prelDisp&amp;content_id=338 |access-date=2024-07-11 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232842/http://www.ebri.org/publications/prel/index.cfm?fa=prelDisp&amp;content_id=338 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 29, 2013 |title=Quitting for Obamacare: Trapped workers may seek relief in new health exchanges |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/healthmain/quitting-obamacare-trapped-workers-may-seek-relief-new-health-exchanges-8C11277058 |website=NBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 22, 2009 |title=COBRA insurance too expensive for most people |url=https://www.wral.com/story/5onyourside/story/4380016/ |website=WRAL.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Muir, Jennifer (2019-01-19). [https://www.ocregister.com/2009/01/19/cobra-insurance-is-too-expensive-for-unemployed-report-says/ Cobra insurance is too expensive for unemployed, report says] ''Orange County Register''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Study: COBRA Insurance Too Expensive for Unemployed – The Commonwealth Fund&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt; |url=http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Newsletters/Washington-Health-Policy-in-Review/2009/Jan/Washington-Health-Policy-Week-in-Review---January-12--2009/Study--COBRA-Insurance-Too-Expensive-for-Unemployed.aspx |access-date=2024-07-11 |archive-date=2013-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212024447/http://www.commonwealthfund.org/Newsletters/Washington-Health-Policy-in-Review/2009/Jan/Washington-Health-Policy-Week-in-Review---January-12--2009/Study--COBRA-Insurance-Too-Expensive-for-Unemployed.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalilan da suka haifar ==
Halin da za a iya samun karancin kiwon lafiya a sabon aikin yana kara Hadarin kudi da ke tattare da motsa ayyukan, yana mai da canji a cikin ayyukan da ke da tsada sosai, don haka ma'aikata suna iya kasancewa a kulle a cikin ayyukansu na yanzu maimakon yin hadarin canja wurin aiki.

Idan ma'aikata sun san cewa duk cututtukan su za su sami irin wannan ɗaukar hoto ba tare da la'akari da ko suna aiki ba, inda suke aiki, ko kuma tsawon lokacin da suka kasance a aiki, inshorar lafiya ba za ta zama abin hana ma'aikacin motsi ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Madrian&quot;/&gt;

Duk da yake ana iya siyan inshorar kiwon lafiya a kan mutum a cikin jihohin da ke ba da izinin biyan kuɗi na likita, ana iya ƙin ɗaukar mutane da ke da yanayin kiwon lafiya da kuma fuskantar manyan kudade ko cirewa.

Misali na kulle-kulle na aiki saboda shirin fansho mai fa'ida zai zama wanda ke aiki ga kamfani na tsawon shekaru 20, don haka samun fa'idar samun ritaya. Idan sun bar yin aiki ga wani kamfani ana sake dawo da fa'idodinsu kuma a ƙarshe sun fahimci ƙananan fa'idodi na ritaya.

== Yaduwar ==
[[National Medical Expenditure Survey|Binciken Kudin Kiwon Lafiya na Kasa]] na 1987 (NMES) wanda ya samo samfurori ga maza masu aure a Amurka masu shekaru 20-55 ya gano cewa yawan tafiye-tafiye na aiki ya kasance 30-31% ƙasa da waɗanda ke da inshorar lafiya da aka ba su aiki, idan aka kwatanta da waɗanda ba su da shi. Wani bita na wallafe-wallafen NMES a cikin wannan shekarar ya gano cewa binciken yawanci ya ba da rahoton raguwar kashi 20-40% a cikin motsi saboda inshorar lafiya da ke da alaƙa da aiki. Nazarin Kwamitin 1984 na Dynamics na Ingilishi wanda ke nazarin yawan motsi tsakanin ma'aikatan cikakken lokaci masu shekaru 25-55 bai sami sakamako mai mahimmanci ba. Binciken Kasuwanci da Shirin Shirin (SIPP) (1985, 1986, 1987) ya gano cewa manufofin jihohi da tarayya don ba da umarnin ci gaba da ɗaukar hoto sun kara yawan aikin ma'aikatan maza na farko. A 1984 SIPP ya gano cewa ga maza da mata masu aure biyu, akwai &quot;shaida mai ƙarfi&quot; na kulle-kulle tsakanin mata, amma &quot;shaida mara ƙarfi&quot; na rufe-kulle na aiki tsakanin maza.

Lokacin da ake ƙoƙarin kimanta yadda sau da yawa kulle-kulle na aiki ke faruwa, dole ne mutum ya sarrafa abubuwan da ke waje waɗanda zasu iya rinjayar shawarar ma'aikaci ban da haɗarin rasa kulawar lafiya. Sauran dalilai na iya haɗawa da albashi na farko da tayin albashi da ake tsammani a sabon aiki, wasu fa'idodi, gogewa, da Tsaro na aiki.

== Tasirin ==
Rufewar aiki yana da mummunan sakamako uku ga al'umma. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke tattare da shi shine waɗanda suke so su sauya ayyukan sun fi son wani aiki saboda akwai amfani mafi girma da ke da alaƙa da shi (misali ya fi dacewa da ƙwarewarsu da basirarsu). Koyaya, idan sun &quot;ƙuntata&quot; a cikin aiki, mummunan waje shine cewa suna da ma'aikata marasa inganci kuma ba masu amfani ga kamfanin da al'umma ba. Ma'aikata suna hana su sauyawa zuwa ayyukan da suka fi dacewa da samarwa, kuma wannan rashin motsi na albarkatun ma'aikata yana haifar da ƙananan matakin yawan aiki da kuma kudin shiga na kasa.

Ma'anar ta biyu ita ce masu amfani da babbar haɗari sun fi fuskantar kullewar aiki saboda tsoron rasa ɗaukar kuɗi don kuɗin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun (sun san darajar da ake tsammani na kudaden kiwon lafiya). Ma'aikata suna ba da fa'idodin inshorar lafiya don tabbatar da cewa ma'aikatan su suna da lafiya kuma, sabili da haka, ma'aikata masu aiki. Koyaya, tunda kulle-kulle na aiki ya zama ruwan dare a cikin ma'aikatan da ke da haɗari sosai, masu ba da aiki suna riƙe da ma'aikatan haɗari a matsayin wani ɓangare na kamfaninsu.

Masana tattalin arziki sun kirkiro ma'anar ta uku a matsayin &quot;kulle na kasuwanci&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gumus |first=Gulcin |date=2015 |title=Self-employment and the Role of Health Insurance in the U.S. |journal=Journal of Business Venturing |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=357–374 |doi=10.1016/j.jbusvent.2014.01.001 |via=JSTOR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakazalika da batun kulle-kulle na aiki, &quot;kulle-kashen kasuwanci&quot; yana faruwa ne lokacin da mutum ya yi jinkirin barin aikinsa ya zama ɗan kasuwa, saboda tsoron rasa inshorar lafiya da sauran fa'idodi da ke da alaƙa da aikin da aka biya. Koyaya, a wannan yanayin ba sa barin aiki daban, amma don yin aiki da kansu. An nuna cewa ma'aikacin inshorar kiwon lafiya ya rage yawan masu aiki da kansu, kuma haɗuwa da inshorar kiwo da aiki tare, yana da mummunar tasiri ga ƙirƙirar kasuwanci a Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Fairlie |first=Robert |date=2010 |title=Is Employer-Based Health Insurance A Barrier to Entrepreneurship? |url=http://www.ucd.ie/geary/static/publications/workingpapers/gearywp200939.pdf |journal=Journal of Health Economics |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=146–162 |doi=10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.09.003 |pmid=20952079 |s2cid=15756921 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; An gano inshorar kiwon lafiya ta jama'a (kamar a Turai) tana da tasiri mai kyau a kan samar da kasuwanci a cikin tattalin arziki, saboda gudummawar da ɗan kasuwa ya bayar ga tattalin arziki ta hanyar kirkirar aiki, kirkire-kirkire da ci gaban tattalin arziki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Olds |first=Gareth |title=Entrepreneurship and Public Health Insurance |url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/16-144_d9ce8326-eeaa-4650-a8af-6ff03c3f7e77.pdf |website=Harvard Business Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Makullin kasuwanci yana da mummunar tasiri ga al'umma da ma'aikaci. Dangane da al'umma, raguwar aikin kai da kasuwanci na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri ga kirkire-kirkire. Bugu da ƙari, an nuna kasuwanci don ƙara gamsuwa da rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da matsayi na albashi.

== Dubi kuma ==

* Canja shingen
* Hannun hannu na zinariya - ƙarin albashi, don ƙarfafa ma'aikaci ya zauna tare da kamfanin

== manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* {{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=S. J. |year=2004 |title=Employer-provided Health Insurance and Job Change |journal=Contemporary Economic Policy |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=357–369 |doi=10.1093/cep/byh026}}
* Bansak, Cynthia da Steven Raphael (2007). &quot;The State Children's Health Insurance Program and Job Mobility: Gano Job Lock tsakanin Iyaye masu aiki a cikin Kusan Talakawa, &quot;Manufar Masana'antu da Harkokin Ma'aikata Review, Vol. 61, Na 4, Mataki na 7.
* {{Cite journal |last=Berger |first=Mark C. |last2=Black |first2=Dan A. |last3=Scott |first3=Frank A. |year=2004 |title=Is There Job Lock? Evidence from the Pre-HIPAA Era |journal=[[Southern Economic Journal]] |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=953–976 |doi=10.2307/4135282 |jstor=4135282}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Gruber |first=Jonathan |last2=Madrian |first2=Brigitte C. |year=1994 |title=Health Insurance and Job Mobility: The Effects of Public Policy on Job-Lock |journal=Industrial and Labor Relations Review |volume=48 |issue=1 |pages=86–102 |doi=10.1177/001979399404800107 |jstor=2524628 |s2cid=153554866}}
*  
* [Hasiya] &quot;Kulle-Aiki: Wani Matsala ga Motsawar Ma'aikata? Shin Inshorar Lafiya tana gurgunta Kasuwar Ma'aikata?,&quot; Tattalin Arziki Taƙaitaccen Tarihi na 10, Cibiyar Tattalin Ruwa.
* Johnson, Richard W., Davidoff, Amy J. da Kevin Perese (2003). &quot;Kayan Inshora na Lafiya da Shawarwarin Fitowa na Farko,&quot; Binciken Harkokin Masana'antu da Ayyuka, Vol. 56, Na 4, Mataki na 9.
* {{Cite journal |last=Kapur |first=Kanika |year=1998 |title=The Impact of Health on Job Mobility: A Measure of Job Lock |url=http://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstream/10197/297/3/kapurk_article_pub_003.pdf |journal=Industrial and Labor Relations Review |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=282–298 |doi=10.1177/001979399805100208 |jstor=2525219 |s2cid=154262057 |hdl-access=free}}
* Kapur, Kanika da Jeannette Rogowski (2006). &quot; Matsayin Inshorar Lafiya a cikin Haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Ma'aurata,&quot; Industrial &amp; Labor Relations Review, Vol. 60, Na 3, Mataki na 2.
* {{Cite journal |last=Madrian |first=Brigitte C. |year=1994 |title=Employment-Based Health Insurance and Job Mobility: Is There Evidence of Job-Lock? |url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w4476.pdf |journal=[[Quarterly Journal of Economics]] |volume=109 |issue=1 |pages=27–54 |doi=10.2307/2118427 |jstor=2118427 |s2cid=154121014}}
* [Hasiya] &quot;[http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/ilrreview/vol59/iss3/5 Kulle-Kulle da Manufofin Jama'a: Dokar Clinton ta Biyu],&quot; Industrial &amp; Labor Relations Review, Vol. 59, Na 3, Mataki na 5.
* Stinson, Martha Harrison (2002 Yuli). &quot;[http://econpapers.repec.org/cpd/2002/109_Stinson.pdf Kimanin Dangantaka tsakanin Inshorar Lafiya da Ma'aikaci ke bayarwa, Motsawar Ma'aikaciya, da Albashi],&quot; Takardar da aka gabatar a Taron Duniya na 10 kan Bayanan Kwamitin, Berlin.
* {{Cite journal |last=Stroupe |first=K. T. |last2=Kinney |first2=E. D. |last3=Kniesner |first3=T. J. J. |year=2001 |title=Chronic Illness and Health Insurance-Related Job Lock |url=http://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1132&amp;context=cpr |journal=Journal of Policy Analysis and Management |volume=20 |issue=3 |pages=525–44 |doi=10.1002/pam.1006 |pmid=12693417 |s2cid=10490171}}
{{Jobs}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Milly Nassolo</title>
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'''Milly Nassolo Kikomeko''' 'yar [[Kasuwancin zamantakewa|kasuwan zamantakewar jama'a]] [[Uganda|ce ta Uganda]], mai fafutuka kare hakkin ɗan Adam  kuma [[lauya]]. Ita ce ta kafa ''gidauniyar Maisha Holistic Africa'', wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke gundumar Kagadi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Editorial |first=PML DAILY EDITOR &amp;#124; PML Daily |date=October 26, 2023 |title=MILLY NASSOLO: Passion for Empowering Women |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/10/milly-nassolo-passion-for-empowering-women.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asingwire |first=Mzee |date=May 17, 2023 |title=Milly Nassolo's legal career: Balancing law practice and activism for social change |url=https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/milly-nassolos-legal-career-balancing-law-practice-and-activism-for-social-change/6zdx3pw |website=Pulse Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Milly Nassolo Unveils Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation in Kagadi District &amp;#124; the Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/content/milly-nassolo-unveils-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation-kagadi-district }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2021 |title=Working for women makes Nassolo happy |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 |website=Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Nassolo a ƙauyen Kikumbo, ƙaramar hukumar Kibibi, a gundumar Butambala. Ta halarci makarantar firamare ta Gombe, sannan ta yi karatun firamare, sai kuma Mpigi Mixed Secondary School for O-Level, sannan ta yi karatun A-level a makarantar sakandaren Mpigi. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin shari'a a [[Jami'ar Kasa da Kasa ta Kampala|Kampala International University]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2021 |title=Working for women makes Nassolo happy |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 |website=Monitor}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 &quot;Working for women makes Nassolo happy&quot;]. ''Monitor''. March 28, 2021.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Tun daga shekarar 2014, Nassolo tana aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar lauya a Lubega, Ssaka da Co. Advocates yayin da take karatun digiri. &lt;ref name&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2021 |title=Working for women makes Nassolo happy |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 |website=Monitor}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/working-for-women-makes-nassolo-happy--3339696 &quot;Working for women makes Nassolo happy&quot;]. ''Monitor''. March 28, 2021.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2023 |title=Activist Milly Kikomeko Launches &quot;Get Talking with Milly&quot; Tweet Chat Initiative – TowerPostNews |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2023/10/26/activist-milly-kikomeko-launches-get-talking-with-milly-tweet-chat-initiative/ |website=thetowerpost.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wampula |first=Arajab |date=October 25, 2023 |title=Here Are All The Amazing Things Milly Nassolo Is Doing To Advocate For The Girl Child* &amp;#124; DaParrot &amp;#124; Building Communities, Outlining Possibilities |url=https://daparrot.com/here-are-all-the-amazing-things-milly-nassolo-is-doing-to-advocate-for-the-girl-child/ }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarar 2014, ta kafa ''Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation'', &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nassolo supports disadvantaged people |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_125540 |website=Bukedde |access-date=2024-07-15 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218210455/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_125540 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asingwire |first=Mzee |date=May 17, 2023 |title=Milly Nassolo's legal career: Balancing law practice and activism for social change |url=https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/milly-nassolos-legal-career-balancing-law-practice-and-activism-for-social-change/6zdx3pw |website=Pulse Uganda}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAsingwire2023&quot;&gt;Asingwire, Mzee (May 17, 2023). [https://www.pulse.ug/lifestyle/milly-nassolos-legal-career-balancing-law-practice-and-activism-for-social-change/6zdx3pw &quot;Milly Nassolo's legal career: Balancing law practice and activism for social change&quot;]. ''Pulse Uganda''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kungiya mai zaman kanta a gundumar Kagadi &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adeya |first=John Kenny |date=October 19, 2023 |title=Milly Nassolo Fostering Children's and Women's Rights in Uganda |url=https://kampalaedgetimes.com/milly-nassolo-fostering-childrens-and-womens-rights-in-uganda/ |website=Kampala Edge Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Mugibson |date=May 18, 2023 |title=Meet Milly Nassolo: A Champion For A Brighter Future For Children &amp; Women In Uganda - MUGIBSON |url=https://mugibson.com/meet-milly-nassolo-a-champion-for-a-brighter-future-for-children-women-inuganda/ |website=mugibson.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Mugibson |date=February 1, 2023 |title=Activist Milly Nassolo Extends Helping Hand Through Health Camp In Kagadi District - MUGIBSON |url=https://mugibson.com/activist-milly-nassolo-extends-helping-hand-through-health-camp-in-kagadi-district/ |website=mugibson.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma an kaddamar da kungiyar a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Through Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation, Social Entrepreneur Milly Nassolo Seeks to Help Those in Need - MUGIBSON |url=https://mugibson.com/through-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation-social-entrepreneur-milly-nassolo-seeks-to-help-those-in-need/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Social Entrepreneur Milly Nassolo Launches Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/world/2019/04/social-entrepreneur-milly-nassolo-launches-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Nassolo ta auri Robert Kikomeko Tumusabe a cikin shekara ta 2016 a Kamwokya Church of God. Tare, suna da 'ya'ya maza biyu, Tyler Kaeb K. Tumusabe da Travis Silver K. Tumusabe &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lisimba |first=Hillary |date=December 21, 2021 |title=I lied to him about everything the first time we met, Ugandan wife discloses |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/people/family/437690-ugandan-wife-admits-she-lied-about-everything-first-time-she-met-man-who-married-her/ |website=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya news.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 April 2019 |title=Social Entrepreneur Milly Nassolo Launches Maisha Holistic Africa Foundation |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/world/2019/04/social-entrepreneur-milly-nassolo-launches-maisha-holistic-africa-foundation.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1993]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makanjuola Sunday Ojo</title>
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'''Makanjuola Sunday Ojo''' (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Maris, 1975) ɗan [[Ɗan siyasa|siyasan]] Najeriya ne kuma ɗan [[Majalisar Wakilai (Najeriya)|majalisar wakilai]] a yanzu a [[Majalisar Dokokin Najeriya ta 10|majalisar wakilai ta ƙasa ta 10]], mai wakiltar mazaɓar Ogo-Oluwa/Surulere ta tarayya. &lt;ref name=&quot;GreenCham&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Green Chamber Nigeria - The 10th Assembly, Nigeria House of Representatives |url=https://www.thegreenchamber.ng/directory/details/331 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=thegreenchamber.ng |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226152545/https://www.thegreenchamber.ng/directory/details/331 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kasance a ofis tun a watan Yuni 2023. Ojo ɗan [[Peoples Democratic Party|jam’iyyar]] PDP ne kuma ya taka rawar gani wajen gudanar da ayyukan majalisa da suka haɗa da ɗaukar nauyin kudirori da kuma shigar da ƙara a majalisar dokokin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ogunwade |first=Rukiyat |date=2023-04-04 |title=House of Reps-elect, Makanjuola, commissions 3 projects in Surulere LG |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/house-of-reps-elect-makanjuola-commissions-3-projects-in-surulere-lg/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly Election Winners in Oyo – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/02/27/national-assembly-election-winners-in-oyo/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=thisdaylive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==
Makanjuola shine ɗan majalisar wakilai na farko wanda ya maye gurbin Odebunmi Olusegun Dokun wanda ya wakilci mazaɓar Ogo-Oluwa/Surulere na tarayya har sau 3 a jere 2011 - 2023. &lt;ref name=&quot;q241&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-26 |title=Tribunal Dismisses Oyo APC Rep, Odebunmi's Petition, Upholds Makanjuola Of PDP's Victory |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/tribunal-dismisses-oyo-apc-rep-odebunmis-petition-upholds-makanjuola-of-pdps-victory/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=New Telegraph}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;GreenCham&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Ojo-Sunday-Makanjuola-3547 |access-date=2024-12-25 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mildred Reason Dube</title>
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'''Mildred Reason Dube''' (ta mutu a ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 2022) 'yar siyasar [[Zimbabwe]] ce wacce ta yi aiki a Majalisar Dattawan Zimbabwe daga shekarun 2018 har zuwa mutuwarta a shekarar 2022, mai wakiltar [[Bulawayo]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HON DUBE MILDRET REASON |url=https://parlzim.gov.zw/dt_team/hon-dube-mildret-reason/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[Parliament of Zimbabwe]] |language=en-US |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731223220/https://parlzim.gov.zw/dt_team/hon-dube-mildret-reason/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko an zaɓe ta a babban zaɓen ƙasar Zimbabwe na shekarar 2018, Dube ta kasance makusancin Thokozani Khupe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Lulu Brenda |date=12 August 2018 |title=Fiery Misihairabwi-Mushonga back in Parliament |url=https://www.gwerugazette.com/2018/08/12/fiery-misihairabwi-mushonga-back-in-parliament/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Gweru Gazette |language=en-US |archive-date=15 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715021537/https://www.gwerugazette.com/2018/08/12/fiery-misihairabwi-mushonga-back-in-parliament/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 April 2020 |title=Khupe reacts angrily to her 'expulsion' as MDC-T leader |url=https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |website=[[The Zimbabwe Mail]] |archive-date=20 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250120105754/https://www.thezimbabwemail.com/politics/khupe-reacts-angrily-to-her-expulsion-as-mdc-t-leader/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2020, Dube, wacce 'yar jam'iyyar Movement for Democratic Change-Tsvangirai jam'iyyar, ta yi barazanar korar ta daga jam'iyyar da shugaban jam'iyyar Nixon Nyikadzino; duk da haka, Khupe, wanda shi ne mukaddashin shugaban jam'iyyar ya ba ta kariya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mpofu |first=Muza |date=5 May 2020 |title=MDC-T Secretary General Nixon Nyikadzino fires 2 top MDC-T officials |url=https://www.myzimbabwe.co.zw/news/64003-breaking-mdc-t-secretary-general-nixon-nyikadzino-fires-2-top-mdc-t-officials.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=My Zimbabwe News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dube |first=Casper |date=5 May 2020 |title=MDC-T Khupe MPs recalled from Parliament by Nyikadzino |url=https://savannanews.com/mdc-t-khupe-mps-recalled-from-parliament-by-nixon-nyikadzino/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Savanna News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya Dube ta zama shugaban jam'iyyar MDC-T ta majalisar dokoki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Sai dai a watan Janairun 2022, an kori Dube, Khupe, da wasu kawayen Khupe guda biyu daga jam'iyyar, sakamakon shawarar da Khupe ya yanke na ɓallewa daga jam'iyyar MDC-T tare da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 January 2022 |title=Douglas Mwonzora's MDC-T Expels VP Thokozani Khupe |url=https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/douglas-mwonzora-mdc-t-expels-thokozani-khupe/6418272.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=[[Voice of America]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=29 January 2022 |title=MDC T expels Dr Thokozani Khupe |url=https://zwnews.com/mdc-t-expels-dr-thokozani-khupe/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Zim News |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekarar 2021, Dube ta goyi bayan wani kudirin doka da [[ZANU-PF|Zimbabwe African National Union- Patriotic Front]], jam'iyya mai mulki ta Zimbabwe ta gabatar, wanda zai gyara kundin tsarin mulkin Zimbabwe don cire zaɓen mataimakin shugaban ƙasa  kai tsaye, da tsawaita wa'adin alkalai, da kuma ba da tabbacin adadin mata a majalisa da ƙananan hukumomi. Ana ganin tanade-tanade guda biyu da suka gabata a matsayin wani yunkuri ne na mayar da madafun iko a fadar shugaban ƙasa. Baya ga Dube, wasu Sanatocin MDC-T guda goma sun goyi bayan gyaran. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=4 May 2021 |title=11 Mwonzora senators vote with Zanu PF to pass constitutional amendment bill |url=https://www.zimlive.com/2021/05/11-mwonzora-senators-vote-with-zanu-pf-to-pass-constitutional-amendment-bill/ |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Zimbabwe News Now |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dube ta mutu ranar 27 ga watan Yuni 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goba |first=Cynthia |date=28 June 2022 |title=Ex Home Affairs minister dies, Zimbabwe plunged into mourning |url=https://www.myzimbabwe.co.zw/news/97511-sad-news-ex-home-affairs-minister-dies-zimbabwe-plunged-into-mourning.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=My Zimbabwe News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 June 2022 |title=MDC Alliance's Giles Mutseyekwa dies |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-national-byo-220839.html |access-date=15 July 2022 |website=Bulawayo24 News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2022]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Michèle Cloonan</title>
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'''Michèle V. Cloonan''' (an haife ta a ranar 14 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 1955) malamin laburaren Amurka ne kuma malamin kimiyyar bayanai. Ita farfesa ce a Makarantar Laburaren da Kimiyya ta Bayanai a Jami'ar Simmons, a [[Boston|Boston, Massachusetts]], da kuma Dean Emerita na Makarantar Graduate na Laburaren Laburaren Da Kimiyya a Simmons . Ita mai ba da shawara ce don adana Al'adun al'adu.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Michèle Cloonan {{!}} Simmons University |url=https://www.simmons.edu/academics/faculty/michele-cloonan |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=www.simmons.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Cloonan an san ta da hanyar da ta ke amfani da ita wajen nazarin adanawa. Ta bincika al'adun adanawa, siyasa, zamantakewa, da al'amuran tarihi kuma ta yi kira ga karuwar girmamawa ga bambance-bambance na al'adu a adana abubuwan al'adu. Ta kuma yi nazarin rawar da mata ke takawa a tarihin cinikin littattafai tare da mai da hankali kan ɗaure littattafai da tattarawa.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haife ta a Birnin Chicago, Illinois, Cloonan ta kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Bennington a 1975. Tana da MA a fannin bil'adama daga Jami'ar Chicago, da MS, da Ph.D. a cikin ɗakin karatu da kimiyyar bayanai daga Jami'an Illinois.Jami'ar Illinois.

Cloonan ta yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da littattafai (Newberry Library), mai kula da adanawa (Brown University) da kuma mai kula da littafi mai ban sha'awa (Smith College). A UCLA ta kasance mataimaki da kuma farfesa, kuma shugabar Sashen Nazarin Bayanai (1997-2002). A Jami'ar Simmons ta kasance dean kuma farfesa a Makarantar Graduate na Laburaren da Kimiyya ta Bayanai daga 2002-2012. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta kasance farfesa kuma Dean Emerita a Simmons .

Daga 2013-2018 ta kasance edita na Preservation, Digital Technology &amp; Culture, wanda De Gruyter ya buga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hedberg |url=https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/rt/printerFriendly/8872/9532 |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=crln.acrl.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a cikin kwamitin daraktoci na Cibiyar Kula da Takardun Arewa maso Gabas tun daga shekara ta 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Board |url=https://www.nedcc.org/about/board |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=Northeast Document Conservation Center |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita ce mai mallakar Doe Press, tare da mijinta Sidney E. Berger . Littattafai sun haɗa da: Thom Gunn . [Hotuna a shafi na 9] Wasiƙu shida zuwa ga ɗan koyo, 1994; Donald Justice . ''Banjo Dog,'' 1995, da Michele Cloonan, The Invisible Presence of Gertrude Stiles, 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;The Doe Press Under the Proprietorship of Sidney Berger and Michele Cloonan... Welcome to Riverside The American Printing History Association, Southern California Chapter&quot;, 1995 {{!}} Special Collections &amp; University Archives Finding Aid Database |url=https://archives.sdsu.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/22015 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=archives.sdsu.edu }}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Har ila yau tare da Sidney E. Berger, ta tattara tarin fiye da 22,000 na takarda, yanzu Berger-Cloonan Collection of Decorated Paper a Cushing Library, Texas A &amp; M University . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=The Berger-Cloonan collection of decorated papers. |url=https://catalog.library.tamu.edu/Record/in00004436577 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=catalog.library.tamu.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kyaututtuka ===

* Jami'ar Mary Washington Cibiyar Tsaro ta Tarihi, 2019 Kyautar Littafin don Ƙalubalen Tsaro: ''The'' Past in a Volatile World . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-01-12 |title=Book Prize |url=https://cas.umw.edu/hisp/chp/book-prize/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=College of Arts and Sciences {{!}} Historic Preservation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Bayar da Bayani ta Society of American Archivists 2016 don Bayar da Tarihinmu: Ra'ayoyi daga Tsohon zuwa Zamanin Dijital.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Preservation Publication Award: Preserving Our Heritage - Perspectives from Antiquity to the Digital Age by Michele V. Cloonan {{!}} Society of American Archivists |url=https://www2.archivists.org/node/20777 |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=www2.archivists.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Sabis, Ƙungiyar Laburaren da Ilimin Kimiyya na Bayanai (ALISE), 2010 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=January 4–7, 2011 |title=ALISE Competitiveness &amp; Innovation: Official Program |url=https://www.alise.org/assets/documents/alise_op_2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928010811/https://www.alise.org/assets/documents/alise_op_2011.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |access-date=September 25, 2020 |website=Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Paul Banks da Carolyn Harris Preservation Award, Association for Library Collections and Technical Services, American Library Association, 2010 .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2007-02-26 |title=Paul Banks and Carolyn Harris Preservation Award |url=http://www.ala.org/alcts/awards/profrecognition/banksharris |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=Association for Library Collections &amp; Technical Services (ALCTS) |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2010-07-15 |title=Michele Cloonan receives Banks/Harris Preservation Award |url=https://cool.culturalheritage.org/byform/mailing-lists/cdl/2010/0766.html |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=cool.culturalheritage.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==

* ''Ci gaba da kiyayewa'', tare da Elizabeth Joffrion . Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 2020.  ( )  
* &quot;Shin American Exceptionalism ya sanya Amurka a Outlier a kan Global Academic Stage?&quot; Charleston Library Conference 2018, Proceedings, Purdue University Press, 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cloonan |first=Michèle |date=2019-10-31 |title=Has American Exceptionalism Made the United States an Outlier on the Global Academic Stage? |url=https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/charleston/2018/analytics/8 |journal=Charleston Library Conference |doi=10.5703/1288284317013 |isbn=9781941269367 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Gidajen karatu'', ''Tarihi, da Gidajen Tarihi A yau: Bayani daga Filin'', tare da Peter Botticelli da Martha Mahard. Lanham, MD: Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2019.  ( )  
* ''Ƙalubalen Tsaro na Tsaro: Abin da ya gabata a cikin Duniya mai saurin gudu''. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2018.  ( )  
* Batun Musamman: ''Kare Al'adun Al'adu A yau: Kalubale da Sabbin Dama.'' Mawallafin labarai a kan Turai, Afirka, Siriya, da Asiya. Tsaro, Fasahar dijital &amp; Al'adu 45.2 (2016).
* ''Adana Gidajenmu: Ra'ayoyi daga Tsohon zamani zuwa Zamanin Dijital.'' ''Zaɓuɓɓuka da Bayani'' na Michele V. Cloonan . Chicago: ALA; London: Facet, 2015.  ( )  
* &quot;Janus a 60: Aiki &amp; Kasancewa.&quot; Parenthesis 29 (Autumn 2015). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Janus at 60: Performance and Participation |url=https://fpba.com/parenthesis/selected-articles/p29_janusat60/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=Fine Press Book Association |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tare da Jeannette Bastian da Ross Harvey, &quot;Daga Malami zuwa Mai Koyarwa zuwa Mai Amfani: Ci gaba da Koyarwa na Digital,&quot; Laburaren Laburaren Tarihi 59.4 (Spring 2011). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Bastian |first=Jeannette A. |last2=Cloonan |first2=Michèle V. |last3=Harvey |first3=Ross |date=June 2011 |title=From Teacher to Learner to User: Developing a Digital Stewardship Pedagogy |url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/26426 |journal=Library Trends: Current Trends in College and University &amp;#91;&quot;Puis&quot;: In National&amp;#93; Libraries |language=en |issn=0024-2594}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Ya lashe lambar yabo ta ACRL-New England Chapter Best Paper Award, 2012 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Scholarship &amp; Award Winners |url=https://acrlnec.org/standing-committees/scholarships-and-awards-committee/scholarship-award-winners/ |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=ACRL {{!}} NEC |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tare da Rebecca Knuth, &quot;Libraries, Archives, and the Pursuit of Access,&quot; babi na 13, a cikin kundi na 4 na, ''Tasirin 9-11: Ranar da ta Canja Dukkanin?'' Matthew J. Morgan da Rory Stewart ne suka shirya shi. [Hasiya]  ( )  
* &quot;The Paradox of Preservation,&quot; Library Trends (Summer 2007), wanda Ross Harvey da Michèle Cloonan suka shirya, The Preservation of Cultural Heritage . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IDEALS @ Illinois: Library Trends 56 (1) Summer 2007: Preserving Cultural Heritage |url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/3768 |access-date=2020-09-25 |website=www.ideals.illinois.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;The Moral Imperative to Preserve,&quot; Library Trends (Winter 2007). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cloonan |first=Michèle V. |date=2007 |title=The Moral Imperative to Preserve |url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/3699 |journal=Library Trends: Current Trends in College and University &amp;#91;&quot;Puis&quot;: In National&amp;#93; Libraries |language=en |issn=0024-2594}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;A Storied Legacy of Learning,&quot; The Boston Globe (Nuwamba 18, 2007). 
* &quot;Alice Millard da Linjila ta Kyau da Tasiri, babi&quot; a cikin ''Mata a Bugawa'', Jami'ar Wisconsin Press, 2006.  ( )  

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1955]]</text>
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    <title>Mariama Camara</title>
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'''Mariama Camara''' (1958 ko 1959 - 13 Janairu 2025) 'yar siyasa ce kuma 'yar kasuwa ta Guinea. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ramatoulaye.com/index.php/accueil/necrologie/2921-mariama-camara-icone-de-l-agro-industrie-guineenne-s-eteint-a-66-ans Mariama Camara, icône de l'agro-industrie guinéenne, s'éteint à 66 ans] {{In lang|fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance tsohuwar ministar noma, kuma ministar kasuwanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-01 |title=Mariama Camara, Ministre de l'agriculture de la République de Guinée |url=https://www.planet-a-initiative.com/mariama-camara-ministre-de-lagriculture-de-la-republique-de-guinee/ |access-date=2020-04-13 |website=Planet A |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=L’ancien Premier ministre, Kassory Fofana invite les ministres sortants à répondre à l’appel du CNRD ! |url=https://conakryinfos.com/lancien-premier-ministre-kassory-fofana-invite-les-ministres-sortants-a-repondre-a-lappel-du-cnrd/ |access-date=2021-09-09 |website=Conakryinfos.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Tare da digiri a cikin Chemistry na Abinci daga Jami'ar Gamal Abdel Nasser na Conakry (IPGAN &lt;ref name=&quot;PLA&quot;/&gt; ), Mariama Camara ta fara aikinta a la Société nationale de brasserie da kuma a Ministère du Développement rural de Guinée a shekarar 1991, sannan ta shiga [[Société guinéenne de palmier à huile et d'hévéa|Société guinéenne de palmier à huile et d'héa]]. A shekarar 1993 aka naɗa ta babbar darakta janar na haɗin gwiwa, sannan aka naɗa ta a matsayin darakta janar na SOGUIPAH na tsawon shekaru 24.

Mariama Camara ta shiga, a cikin tawagar gwamnatin Guinea, game da tattara kuɗaɗe don zuba jari na noma da masana'antu, da kuma matakan da suka biyo baya tare da abokan hulɗar kuɗi daban-daban ( Hukumar Raya Faransa, Bankin Zuba Jari na Turai, Bankin Raya Afirka, BADEA ...) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=African Development Bank |date=2019-04-25 |title=Agriculture et entreprenariat agricole en Guinée : La Banque africaine de développement et les autorités guinéennes signent pour 11 millions de dollars d’accords de financement |url=https://www.afdb.org/fr/news-and-events/agriculture-et-entreprenariat-agricole-en-guinee-la-banque-africaine-de-developpement-et-les-autorites-guineennes-signent-pour-11-millions-de-dollars-daccords-de-financement-18941 |access-date=2020-04-13 |website=Banque africaine de développement - Bâtir aujourd'hui, une meilleure Afrique demain |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; ta taimaka wajen jagorantar FAO don tattara kuɗaɗe da horar da 'yan gudun hijirar yakin basasar Laberiya a Guinée gandun daji don noma da kamun kifi.

== Minista ==
Daga shekarun 27 Disamba 2017 zuwa 15 Janairu 2021, Mariama Camara ta kasance ministar noma ta Guinea, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Guinée/Décrets : Les ministres du gouvernement Kassory nommés {{!}} Nostalgie |url=https://nostalgieguinee.net/guinee-decrets-le-nouveau-gouvernement-kassory-connus/ |access-date=2020-04-13 |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-01-10 |editor-last=Mediaguinee |title=Agriculture : première journée de travail chargée pour la nouvelle ministre |url=https://mediaguinee.org/agriculture-premiere-journee-de-travail-chargee-pour-la-nouvelle-ministre/ |access-date=2020-04-13 |website=Mediaguinee.org |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan ministar kasuwanci har zuwa faɗuwar Alpha Condé, a ranar 5 ga watan Satumba 2021.

A ranar 7 ga watan Yuli 2023, an same ta da laifin rashin halartar lalata gine-gine masu zaman kansu da kuma cin zarafin hukuma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-15 |editor-last=Radio France International |title=Guinée: l’ex-secrétaire général du ministère de la Ville Maama Camara condamné par contumace |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230715-guin%C3%A9e-l-ex-secr%C3%A9taire-g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral-du-minist%C3%A8re-de-la-ville-ibrahima-kourouma-condamn%C3%A9-par-contumace |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=rfi.fr |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance mamba a Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Tattalin Arziƙi ta Ƙasa ta Guinea. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLA&quot;/&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Camara ta mutu a Maroko a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 2025, tana da shekaru 66. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-01-13 |editor-last=Africa Guinee |title=Maroc: Décès de l’ex ministre Mariama Camara |url=https://www.africaguinee.com/maroc-deces-de-lex-ministre-mariama-camara/ |access-date=2025-01-13 |website=africaguinee.com |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyautattuka ==

* Wacce ta karɓi lambar yabo ta Ma'aikata. &lt;ref name=&quot;PLA&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Marufatu Abiola Bawuah</title>
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'''Marufatu Abiola Bawuah''' (an Haife shi 25 Satumban shekarar1968) yar Ghana ce mai bada gudanarwar kudi kuma 'yar kasuwa . A cikin shekarar 2014, ta zama manajan darakta / babban jami'in gudanarwa na [[United Bank for Africa|bankin United Bank for Africa]], wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙamin. Ta samu lambobin yabo da dama kan aikinta da suka haɗa da shekarar 2016 Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana Marketing Woman of the Year da kuma lambar yabo ta Kudi ta shekara a Asusun Asusun Ghana da Kuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From table-top groundnut seller to Regional CEO of UBA – Story of Abiola M. Bawuah |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/January-14th/from-table-top-groundnut-seller-to-regional-ceo-of-uba-story-of-abiolambawuah.php |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2019-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905091933/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2019/january-14th/from-table-top-groundnut-seller-to-regional-ceo-of-uba-story-of-abiolambawuah.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-01-30 |title=Meet Marufatu Abiola Bawuah, the woman who went from being a table-top groundnut seller to a Regional CEO of UBA |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/meet-marufatu-abiola-bawuah-the-woman-who-went-from-being-a-table-top-groundnut/8fm7g7q |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406065438/https://www.pulse.com.gh/bi/lifestyle/meet-marufatu-abiola-bawuah-the-woman-who-went-from-being-a-table-top-groundnut/8fm7g7q |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-24 |title=UBA's Abiola Bawuah argues for people power |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/520/abiola-bawuah-people-power/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=The Africa Report.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-08-15 |title=&quot;Technology, though very important, thrives on distinguished Customer Service&quot; Mrs. Marufatu Abiola Bawuah (Regional CEO, West Africa 1, UBA) |url=https://thevaultzmag.com/profiles/as-with-the-butterfly-adversity-is-necessary-to-build-character-in-people-says-american-businessman-joseph-b-wirthlin/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Vaultz Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222110017/https://thevaultzmag.com/profiles/as-with-the-butterfly-adversity-is-necessary-to-build-character-in-people-says-american-businessman-joseph-b-wirthlin/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UBA Ghana MD Named CIMG Marketing Woman of the Year 2016 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/UBA-Ghana-MD-Named-CIMG-Marketing-Woman-of-the-Year-2016-584097 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Bawuah ta girma a Aflao kuma ta yi karatun sakandare a makarantar Achimota . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Aryee |first=Naa Ayeley |date=2019-01-15 |title=Inspiring story of Ghanaian table-top groundnut seller turned CEO of UBA |url=https://yen.com.gh/121252-from-table-top-groundnut-seller-regional-ceo-uba-story-abiola-m-bawuah.html |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Yen.com.gh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta ci gaba da karatunta a [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] da ke [[Najeriya]], inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyyar Aiki. Daga baya ta sami digirin-digirgir (LLB) daga Jami'ar London . Ta yi difloma a fannin tallace-tallace daga [[Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana|Cibiyar Gudanarwa da Gudanar da Jama'a ta Ghana (GIMPA)]] da Babban Jami'ar Gudanarwar Kasuwanci (EMBA) a fannin kuɗi daga [[Jami'ar Ghana]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-09-28 |title=Marufatu Abiola Bawuah A journey of perseverance to the top |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/marufatu-abiola-bawuah-a-journey-of-perseverance-to-the-top.html |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A fannin jagoranci, ta sami cancanta da yawa daga [[Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Harvard.|Makarantar Kasuwancin Harvard]], [[Columbia University|Columbia]], [[New York University|Jami'ar New York]], [[INSEAD]] da [[Institut Villa Pierrefeu]] a Switzerland.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hayford |first=Norvan Acquah |title=UBA appoints Abiola Bawuah as Regional CEO |url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/uba-appoints-abiola-bawuah-as-regional-ceo/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Business &amp; Financial Times Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=UBA's Abiola Bawuah Now Cross-Border Regional CEO |url=https://thecfomag.com/ubas-abiola-bawuah-now-cross-border-regional-ceo/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=November 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-03-07 |title=UBA Appoints Abiola Bawuah As Regional CEO for 6 West African Countries |url=https://africaneyereport.com/uba-appoints-abiola-bawuah-as-regional-ceo-for-6-west-african-countries/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=African Eye Report |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A halin yanzu ita ce babbar jami'ar [[United Bank for Africa|babban bankin United Bank for Africa]], mai kula da ƙasashe shida da suka haɗa da [[Ghana]], [[Benin]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ivory Coast|Cote d'Ivoire]], [[Laberiya]] da [[Saliyo]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-03-08 |title=#50FromGhana: A celebration of 50 awesome Ghanaian women and their excellence |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/international-womens-day-2018-50fromghana-a-celebration-of-50-awesome-ghanaian-women/7jxf2yl |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.pulse.com.gh |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin haka, ta yi aiki tare da Standard Chartered Bank a matsayin Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwanci, CAL Bank a matsayin mai kula da dangantaka, Strategic African Securities a matsayin dillali mai izini, kuma tare da Bentsi-Enchi da Letsa (yanzu Bentsi-Enchil, Letsa da Ankomah) kamfanin lauya a matsayin jami'in zuba jari. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;&amp;nbsp;A watan Janairun 2023, Abiola Bawuah ta zama mace ta farko shugabar bankin UBA a Afirka. [https://www.financialafrik.com/2023/02/01/abiola-bawuah-nouvelle-pdg-de-uba-afrique/] .

== Ayyuka ==

* Bawuah ya rubuta ''Zaɓaɓɓe daga Duhu'' wanda tarihin tarihi ne &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;
* Ta kafa wata kungiya mai zaman kanta mai suna Aboala Bawuah Foundation &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Abiola Bawuah Foundation to support 100 Girls |url=https://ghananewsagency.org/social/abiola-bawuah-foundation-to-support-100-girls-140039 |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=ghananewsagency.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarorin da kyaututtuka ==

* 1n 2016, ta sami lambar yabo ta Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana (CIMG) Marketing Woman of the Year Award &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-24 |title=UBA Ghana MD named CIMG Marketing Woman of the Year 2016 |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2017/september-24th/uba-ghana-md-named-cimg-marketing-woman-of-the-year-2016.php |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=www.myjoyonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MTN, UBA CEOs crowned 2016 CIMG Marketing Man, woman of the year |url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2017/09/mtn-uba-ceos-crowned-2016-cimg-marketing-man-woman-of-the-year/ |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=kasapafmonline.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-24 |title=MTN, UBA CEO's named 2016 CIMG Marketing Personalities of the Year |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/mtn-uba-ceo-s-named-2016-cimg-marketing-personalities-of-the-year.html |access-date=2019-10-04 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ta lashe lambar yabo ta 2016 Finance Personality award a Ghana Accountancy and Finance.
* Rahoton na Afirka an bayyana shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata 50 masu tasiri a cikin kasuwanci a Afirka a cikin Yuli 2018
* Ta ba da lambar yabo ta EMY award na shekarar 2020 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=EMY Africa Awards – 2020 |url=https://www.emyafrica.com/emyafrica-2020-winners/ |access-date=2020-07-26 |website=emyafrica.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2020-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726053438/https://www.emyafrica.com/emyafrica-2020-winners/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Ta yi aure da ƴaƴa uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1968]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Mary Stella Ankomah</title>
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'''Mary Stella Ankomah''' (an haife ta 19 Nuwamba 1957) 'yar siyasar Ghana ce kuma memba ce a majalisar farko ta jamhuriya ta huɗu mai wakiltar mazaɓar Mpohor-Wassa ta Gabas a Yankin Yammacin Ghana. Ta wakilci jam'iyyar Convention People's Party.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ghana Parliamentary Register 1992–1996&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Mary Stella Ankomah a ranar 19 ga watan Nuwamba 1957 a Mpohor-Wassa Gabas a yankin yammacin Ghana. Ta samu Diploma a Social Studies, Education.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ghana Parliamentary Register 1992–1996&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Siyasa ==
An fara zaɓen Mary Stella Ankomah a matsayin majalisar dokoki a kan tikitin jam'iyyar Convention People's Party na mazaɓar Mpohor-Wassa ta Gabas a [[Yankin Yammaci, Ghana|yankin yammacin]] Ghana a lokacin babban zaɓen Ghana na shekarar 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Ghana Parliamentary Register 1992–1996&lt;/ref&gt; Samuel Kwame Amponsah na National Democratic Congress ya kayar da ita a lokacin babban zaɓen shekarar 1996 wanda ya samu kuri'u 20,352 daga cikin kuri'u 100% masu inganci da aka jefa wanda ke wakiltar 40.70% yayin da ta samu kuri'u 15,248 mai wakiltar 30.50%, Paul King Arthur wanda ya samu kuri'u 1,612. Alexgbeh ya samu kuri'u 1,612. ya samu kuri'u 909 da ke wakiltar kashi 1.80% da Samuel Branord Effah na sabuwar jam'iyyar Patriotic Party wanda ya samu kuri'u 0 mai wakiltar 0.00%. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=FM |first=Peace |title=Ghana Election 1996 Results – Wassa East Constituency |url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/western/222/index.php |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=Ghana Elections – Peace FM |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121030936/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/1996/western/222/index.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Election Nerve Centre :: Asaase Radio |url=https://elections.asaaseradio.com/1996/western/15 |access-date=9 February 2021 |website=elections.asaaseradio.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Mary Stella Ankomah malama ce a fannin sana'a kuma tsohuwar 'yar majalisa ce mai wakiltar mazaɓar Mpohor-Wassa ta Gabas a yankin yammacin Ghana. 

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Mary Stella Ankomah Kirista ce. 

== Manazarta ==

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'''Maroons''' zuriyar [[Afirkawa mazaunan Amurka|’yan Afirka ne a cikin Amurka da tsibiran Tekun Indiya]] waɗanda suka tsere daga [[bauta]], ta hanyar jirgin sama ko kuma tashe-tashen hankula, suka kafa nasu ƙauyuka. Sau da yawa sukan haɗu da ƴan asali, daga ƙarshe suna rikiɗewa zuwa al'adu daban-daban kamar Garifuna da Mascogos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons|last=Diouf|first=Sylviane A.|publisher=NYU|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8147-2449-1|location=New York|pages=81, 171–177, 215, 309|oclc=864551110}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Wikibruz23.jpg|thumb| ''Maroons sun yi mamakin ƙarnuka'' (1893) (Brussels) na Louis Samain.]]

== Asalin kalmar ==
''Maroon'' ya shiga cikin harshen Turanci a kusa da shekara ta 1590s, daga {{Lang|fr|marron}} sifa na Faransa, ma'ana 'feral' ko 'mai gudun hijira', ita kanta maiyuwa daga kalmar Spanish {{Lang|es|cimarrón}}, ma'ana 'daji, marar ɗa'a' ko 'bawan da ya gudu'.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maroon definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/maroon |access-date=16 December 2019 |website=Collins Dictionary |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Lyle Campbell}}&lt;/ref&gt; A farkon shekarun 1570, Sir Francis Drake ya kai hari kan  Espaniya a Panama ta hanyar &quot;''Symerons''&quot;, mai yiwuwa kuskuren rubuta ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}''. Masanin ilimin harshe Leo Spitzer, a rubuce a cikin mujallar ''Harshe'', ya ce, &quot;Idan akwai dangantaka tsakanin Eng. ''Maroon'', Fr. ''{{Lang|fr|marron}}'', da Sp. ''{{Lang|es|cimarrón}}'', [[Ispaniya|Spain]] (ko Mutanen Espanya Amurka) mai yiwuwa ya ba da kalmar kai tsaye ga Ingila (ko Ingilishi Amurka).&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Spitzer1938&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Spitzer |first=Leo |author-link=Leo Spitzer |date=1938 |title=Spanish cimarrón |journal=Language |publisher=Linguistic Society of America&quot; |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=145–147 |doi=10.2307/408879 |jstor=408879 |quote=The Shorter Oxford Dictionary explains maroon 'fugitive negro slave' as from 'Fr. marron, said to be a corruption of Sp. ''cimarrón'', wild, untamed'. But Eng. ''maroon'' is attested earlier (1666) than Fr. ''marron'' 'fugitive slave' (1701, in Furetière). If there is a connection between Eng. ''maroon'', Fr. ''marron'', and Sp. ''cimarrón'', Spain (or Spanish America) probably gave the word directly to England (or English America).}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A madadin haka, masanin ilimin kimiyya na Cuban José Juan Arrom ya gano asalin kalmar ''maroon'' fiye da ''Cimarron'' Espanya, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a farko a cikin Hispaniola don komawa ga dabbobin daji, sa'an nan kuma ga bayin Indiya waɗanda suka tsere zuwa tsaunuka, kuma a farkon shekara ta 1530s ga bayin Afirka waɗanda suka yi haka.&lt;ref name=&quot;OED&quot;&gt;{{Cite OED|maroon}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maroon definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/maroon |website=Collins Dictionary |access-date=16 December 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell2000&quot;/&gt; Ya ba da shawarar cewa kalmar Spanish ta Amurka ta samo asali daga asalin kalmar Arawakan {{Lang|awd|simarabo}}, wanda aka fassara a matsayin 'mai gudun hijira', a cikin [[Harsunan Arawak|yaren Arawakan]] da mutanen Taíno 'yan asalin tsibirin ke magana. &lt;ref name=&quot;Arrom1983&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Arrom |first=José Juan |author-link=José Juan Arrom |date=1983 |title=Cimarrón: Apuntes sobre sus primeras documentaciones y su probable origen |trans-title=Cimarrón: Notes on its first documentation and probable origin |url=https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/REAA/article/viewFile/REAA8383110047A/25067 |journal=Revista Española de Antropología Americana |language=es |location=Madrid |publisher=Universidad Complutense |volume=XII |page=10 |quote={{langx|es|Y si prestamos atención al testimonio de Oviedo cuando, después de haber vivido en la Española por muchos años, asevera que cimarrón «quiere decir, en la lengua desta isla, fugitivos», quedaría demostrado que nos hallamos, en efecto, ante un temprano préstamo de la lengua taina.»|link=no}} English: And if we pay attention to the testimony of Oviedo when, after having lived in Hispaniola for many years, he asserts that cimarrón &quot;means, in the language of this island, fugitives&quot;, it would be demonstrated that we are, in fact, before an early loan of the Taíno language.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ArromArévalo1986&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=José Juan Arrom}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;Arrom2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=José Juan Arrom}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Tardieu |first=Jean-Pierre |date=2006 |title=Cimarrôn–Maroon–Marron, note épistémologique |trans-title=Cimarrôn–Maroon–Marron, epistemological note |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/outre_1631-0438_2006_num_93_350_4201 |journal=Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire |language=fr |volume=93 |issue=350 |pages=237–247 |doi=10.3406/outre.2006.4201}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
=== Zamanin Mulkin Mallaka ===
A Sabuwar Duniya, tun farkon 1512, bayi 'yan Afirka sun gudu daga hannun masu kama su na Spain kuma ko dai sun shiga tare da 'yan asalin ƙasa ko kuma suka ci gashin kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake1&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Voyages and Travels: Ancient and Modern|last=Drake|first=Frances|author-link=Frances Drake|url=http://www.bartleby.com/33/34.html|publisher=The Harvard Classics|date=1909–1914|at=para. 21|via=Bartleby Great Books Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da bayi 'yan gudun hijira da Amerindians suka haɗu suka rayu da kansu, ana kiran su &quot;Maroons&quot;. A tsibiran Caribbean, sun kafa ƙungiyoyi kuma a wasu tsibiran, sansanoni masu ɗauke da makamai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dinnerstein 1975&quot;&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnAKAQAAMAAJ |title=American Vistas: 1607–1877 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1975 |editor1-last=Dinnerstein |editor1-first=Leonard |edition=2nd |page=64 |editor2-last=Jackson |editor2-first=Kenneth T.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyoyin Maroon na farko a Amurka sun kafu a wani yanki da yanzu ake kira Jamhuriyar Dominika, bayan tawayen bayi na farko a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1522, a gonakin sukari na Admiral Diego Columbus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Franco |first=José |title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas |date=1996 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |editor-last=Price |editor1-first=Richard |location=Baltimore |chapter=Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|35}} Al'ummar Maroon ta yau da kullun a farkon matakai galibi ta ƙunshi nau'ikan mutane uku:&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot; /&gt;

* Mafi yawansu bayi ne da suka gudu kai tsaye bayan sun sauko daga jiragen ruwa. Sun ƙi miƙa 'yancinsu kuma galibi suna ƙoƙarin nemo hanyoyin komawa Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot; /&gt;
* Rukunin na biyu bayi ne da suka yi aiki a gonaki na ɗan lokaci. Waɗannan bayin galibi sun daidaita da tsarin bautar amma masu gonaki sun yi musu duka – sau da yawa da yawan tashin hankali. Wasu sun gudu lokacin da aka sayar da su ba zato ba tsammani ga sabon mai shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot; /&gt;
* Rukunin ƙarshe na Maroons galibi bayi ne masu fasaha tare da ƙaƙƙarfan adawa ga tsarin bautar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot; /&gt;
Al'ummomin Maroon sun fuskanci ƙalubale masu yawa na rayuwarsu daga hare-haren mazauna masu adawa, samun abinci don rayuwa mai cin gashin kai, da kuma haifuwa da ƙara yawan su.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dinnerstein 1975&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ohadike2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Ohadike |first=Don C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_u_6ZA8BYUC |title=Pan-African Culture of Resistance: A History of Liberation Struggles in Africa and the Diaspora |date=1 January 2002 |publisher=Global Publications, Binghamton University |isbn=978-1-58684-175-1 |page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yayin da masu [[shuka]] suka mallaki ƙarin filaye don amfanin gona, Maroons sun fara rasa wuri a ƙananan tsibiran. Sai dai a wasu manyan tsibiran ne ƙungiyoyin Maroon da aka tsara suka sami damar bunƙasa ta hanyar shuka amfanin gona da farauta. A nan ne suka ƙaru yayin da ƙarin bayi suka gudu daga gonaki suka shiga ƙungiyoyinsu. Da yake neman rabu da masu mulkin mallaka, Maroons sun sami ƙarfi a cikin ƙara yawan rikice-rikice. Sun kai hari tare da lalata gonaki da kuma addabar masu shuka har sai masu shuka suka fara tsoron babban tawayen bayi baƙar fata.&lt;ref name=&quot;brief&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Rogozinski |first=Jan |url=https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/155 |title=A Brief History of the Caribbean |publisher=Facts on File Inc. |year=1999 |isbn=0-8160-3811-2 |edition=revised |location=New York |pages=155–168 |via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zuwa 1700, yawancin ƙungiyoyin Maroon na farko sun ɓace ko kuma an kore su daga ƙananan tsibiran. Rayuwa koyaushe tana da wahala, saboda Maroons dole ne su yaƙi mahara da kuma shuka abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;brief&quot; /&gt;

==== Dangantaka da Hukumomin Mulkin Mallaka ====

Marronage (guduwa) ya kasance babban barazana ga tsarin bautar na Sabuwar Duniya. Hukuncin da ake yi wa Maroons da aka sake kama su ya kasance mai tsanani, kamar cire jijiyar Achilles, yanke ƙafa, yanke azzakari, da kuma gasa mutum har ya mutu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Price |first=Richard |title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=1979 |isbn=0-8018-2247-5 |location=Baltimore |pages=1–30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dole ne ƙungiyoyin Maroon su kasance marasa isa kuma suna cikin wuraren da ba su dace ba don su iya ci gaba. Misali, an kafa ƙungiyoyin Maroon a cikin wuraren dausayi masu nisa a kudancin Amurka; a cikin kwazazzabai masu zurfi tare da ramukan ruwa amma da ƙarancin ruwa ko ƙasa mai noma a Jamaica; da kuma a cikin dazuzzukan Guianas masu zurfi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ƙungiyoyin Maroon sun yi amfani da tsananin muhallinsu don ɓoyewa da kare al'ummominsu. Hanyoyin boye, hanyoyin karya, tarkunan tarko, hanyoyin karkashin ruwa, dausayi da yashi mai nutsuwa, da yanayin halitta duk an yi amfani da su don ɓoye ƙauyukan Maroon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;[[File:SR245u (92) Een optocht van boschneger.jpg|thumb|Maroons a Suriname a ƙarni na 19]]Maroons sun yi amfani da dabarun yaƙin 'yan daba na musamman don yaƙar abokan gaba na Turai. Nanny, shahararriyar Jamaican Maroon, ta yi amfani da dabarun yaƙin 'yan daba waɗanda har yanzu sojoji da yawa a duniya ke amfani da su a yau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ko da yake gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka suna cikin yanayi na rikici na dindindin tare da ƙungiyoyin Maroon, mutane a cikin tsarin mulkin mallaka sun yi musu ciniki da kayayyaki da ayyuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Maroons kuma sun yi ciniki tare da keɓaɓɓun mazauna farar fata da al'ummomin 'yan asalin Amurka. Ƙungiyoyin Maroon sun yi amfani da ƙungiyoyi masu sha'awa a kan juna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A lokaci guda, an kuma yi amfani da ƙungiyoyin Maroon a matsayin 'yan tsana lokacin da iko na mulkin mallaka suka yi karo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Sirrin gaskiya da aminci na membobi sun kasance masu mahimmanci ga rayuwar ƙungiyoyin Maroon. Don tabbatar da wannan aminci, ƙungiyoyin Maroon sun yi amfani da matsanancin matakan don karewa daga tserewa da leƙen asiri. An kawo sabbin membobi zuwa al'ummomi ta hanyar karkata hanya don kada su iya gano hanyarsu ta komawa kuma sun yi hidima na lokutan gwaji, sau da yawa a matsayin bayi. Laifuka kamar tserewa da zina ana hukunta su da mutuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;[[File:The Maroons In Ambush On The Dromilly Estate In The Parish Of Trelawney, Jamaica in 1795.jpg|thumb|1801 hoton wani harin Maroon a gonar Dromilly, Jamaica, yayin Yaƙin Maroon na Biyu na 1795–1796.]]

==== Yaƙe-yaƙe na Maroon ====
Ƙungiyoyin Maroon sun fito a wurare da yawa a cikin Caribbean (St Vincent da Dominika, misali), amma babu wani da aka gani a matsayin babban barazana ga Birtaniya kamar Jamaican Maroons.&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Bryan|date=1801|title=Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo|location=London|publisher=J. Stockdale}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fara a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17, Jamaican Maroons sun ci gaba da yaƙar masu mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya, wanda ya kai ga Yaƙin Maroon na Farko (1728–1740). A cikin 1739 da 1740, gwamnan Birtaniya na Mallakar Jamaica, Edward Trelawny, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da ke ba da alkawarin Jamaican Maroons kadada 2500 a wurare biyu, a Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) a yammacin Jamaica da Crawford's Town a gabashin Jamaica, don kawo ƙarshen yaƙin tsakanin al'ummomi. A musayar, za su yarda su kama sauran bayi da suka gudu. An fara biyan su lada dala biyu ga kowane ɗan Afirka da aka dawo da shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Colonies&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Alan|date=2001|title=American Colonies: The Settling of North America|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Siva2018&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |first=Michael |last=Siva |title=After the Treaties: A Social, Economic and Demographic History of Maroon Society in Jamaica, 1739-1842 |type=PhD |location=Southampton, England |publisher=Southampton University |date=2018 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423482/1/LIBRARY_COPY_After_The_Treaties_Final.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|31–46}} Yarjejeniyoyin sun 'yanta Maroons ƙarni ɗaya kafin Dokar Kawar da Bauta ta 1833, wadda ta fara aiki a 1838.

Yaƙin Maroon na Biyu na 1795–1796 rikici ne na tsawon watanni takwas tsakanin Maroons na Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town), wani yanki na Maroon wanda daga baya aka sake masa suna bayan Gwamna Edward Trelawny a ƙarshen Yaƙin Maroon na Farko, wanda ke kusa da Trelawny Parish, Jamaica a cikin St James Parish, da kuma masu mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya waɗanda ke kula da tsibirin. Al'ummomin Windward na Jamaican Maroons sun kasance masu tsaka-tsaki a lokacin wannan tawayen kuma yarjejeniyarsu da Birtaniya har yanzu tana aiki. Accompong Town, duk da haka, ta haɗa kai da sojojin mulkin mallaka, kuma ta yi yaƙi da Trelawny Town.&lt;ref&gt;Mavis Campbell, ''The Maroons of Jamaica'' (Massachusetts: Bergin &amp; Garvey, 1988), pp. 209–49.&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Zamanin Zamani ===
[[File:Body of Maroon child brought before medicine man, 1955.jpg|thumb|Mutumin Ndyuka yana kawo gawar yaro gaban likitan gargajiya. Suriname, 1955]]
Ragowar ƙungiyoyin Maroon a tsohuwar Caribbean ta Spain sun ci gaba da wanzuwa tun daga 2006, misali a Viñales, Cuba,&lt;ref name=&quot;autogenerated1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sartorio |first=Blanchie |date=13 March 2004 |title=El Templo de los Cimarrónes |trans-title=Haikalin Maroons |url=http://www.guerrillero.co.cu/pinardelrio/2004/marzo/eltemplo.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508202938/http://www.guerrillero.co.cu/pinardelrio/2004/marzo/eltemplo.htm |archive-date=8 May 2008 |website=Guerrillero: Pinar del Río |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Adjuntas, Puerto Rico.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Har wa yau, Jamaican Maroons sun kasance masu cin gashin kansu sosai kuma sun rabu da al'ummar Jamaica. Keɓancewar jiki da kakanninsu suka yi amfani da ita a yau ta sa al'ummominsu suka kasance daga cikin waɗanda ba za a iya kai musu hari ba a tsibirin. A cikin babban garinsu, Accompong, a cikin yankin St Elizabeth, Leeward Maroons har yanzu suna da al'umma mai rayuwa ta kusan 600. Ana bayar da rangadi na ƙauyen ga baƙi kuma ana shirya babban biki kowane 6 ga Janairu don tunawa da rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da Birtaniya bayan Yaƙin Maroon na Farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Mavis Christine |title=The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: A History of Resistance, Collaboration &amp; Betrayal |date=1988 |publisher=Bergin &amp; Garvey |isbn=0-89789-148-1 |location=Granby, Massachusetts}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Bryan |title=Historical Survey of the Island of Saint Domingo |date=1801 |publisher=J. Stockdale |location=London |pages=303–360 |chapter=Observations on the disposition, character, manners, and habits of life, of the Maroons of the island of Jamaica; and a detail of the origin, progress, and termination of the late war between those people and the white inhabitants |orig-date=1796}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yarjejeniyar Ndyuka ta kasance mai mahimmanci ga dangantaka tsakanin Ndyuka da gwamnatin Suriname ta zamani, saboda tana ayyana haƙƙin yankin Maroons a cikin yankunan zinariya masu arziƙi na Suriname.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=van Stipriaan |first=Alex |title=Surinaams Contrast. Roofbouw en Overleven in een Caraïbische Plantagekolonie, 1750–1863 |date=1995 |publisher=KITLV Uitgeverij |isbn=90-6718-052-1 |location=Leiden, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Bambancin Suriname. Fashi da Rayuwa a cikin Mallaka ta Shuka ta Caribbean, 1750–1863}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Buddingh' |first=Hans |url=https://www.onlinebibliotheek.nl/catalogus/376317221/de-geschiedenis-van-suriname-hans-buddingh- |title=Geschiedenis van Suriname |date=2012 |publisher=Nieuw Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-468-1172-6 |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Tarihin Suriname}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Kunst van Overleven. Marroncultuur uit Suriname |date=2009 |publisher=KIT Publishers |isbn=978-94-6022-040-1 |editor1-last=van Stipriaan |editor1-first=Alex |location=Amsterdam, Netherlands |language=nl |trans-title=Fasahar Rayuwa. Al'adun Maroon daga Suriname |editor2-last=Polimé |editor2-first=Thomas}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Al'adu ==

[[File:Maroon flag outside St John’s Church, Freetown.jpg|thumb|Tutar Maroon a Freetown, Saliyo]]
[[File:Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955.jpg|thumb|Garin Maroon, Kogin Suriname, 1955]]

Akwai bambance-bambance da yawa a tsakanin kungiyoyin al'adu na Maroon saboda bambancin tarihi, yanayi, asalin Afirka, da kuma al'adun mutanen asali a duk fadin yankin Yammacin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kopytoff |first=Barbara |date=1 June 1976 |title=The Development of Jamaican Maroon Ethnicity |journal=Caribbean Quarterly |volume=22 |issue=2–3 |pages=33–50 (37–46) |doi=10.1080/00086495.1976.11671900 |ref={{harvid|Kopytoff|1976}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wajen tsarin gonaki, Maroon sun fi samun 'yanci wajen yada, kiyaye da daidaita al'adun Afirka, Turai da kuma na asali, wanda hakan ya haifar da nau'o'in bambance-bambancen Maroon.{{sfn|Kopytoff|1976|p=37}} Misali, an rubuta cewa Maroon na Jamaica suna amfani da harshen Coromantee wajen gudanar da bukukensu,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis |first1=Milton |last1=Cohen |date=1973 |title=Medical beliefs and practices of the Maroons of Moore Town: A study in acculturation |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/28c25d1668b6d45352e7139b3f47e84e/1 |pp=36–7 |ref={{harvid|Milton|1973}}}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma suna ci gaba da amfani da magungunan ganye kamar yadda ake yi a Afirka ta Yamma.&lt;ref&gt;For more about Maroon medical practices, see:{{pb}}{{cite book |doi=10.4324/9781003140597 |title=Social Aspects of Health, Medicine and Disease in the Colonial and Post-colonial Era |date=2020 |isbn=978-1-003-14059-7 |editor-last1=Menke |editor-last2=Buckingham |editor-last3=Gounder |editor-last4=Kumar |editor-last5=Hassankhan |editor-first1=Henk |editor-first2=Jane |editor-first3=Farzana |editor-first4=Ashutosh |editor-first5=Maurits S. |first1=Sahiensha |last1=Ramdas |chapter=Seeking Health in Multiple Ways }}{{pb}}{{Cite journal |last1=van't Klooster |first1=Charlotte |last2=van Andel |first2=Tinde |last3=Reis |first3=Ria |date=2 August 2016 |title=Patterns in medicinal plant knowledge and use in a Maroon village in Suriname |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=189 |pages=319–330 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.048 |pmid=27215681 }}{{pb}}{{harvnb|Milton|1973|pp=93–100}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Kopytoff|1976|pp=33–50}}

Dazukan da ke kewaye da Tekun Karibiyan sun bayar da abinci, mafaka da kuma kebantacciyar rayuwa ga bayin da suka tsere. Maroon sun rike kansu ta hanyar dasa kayan lambu da kuma farauta. Rayuwarsu ta ta'allaka ne da al'adunsu da kuma iya amfani da dabarun yaki na dabara da kuma gina gidaje masu kariya da tarkuna da dabaru na karkatar da hankali. Wasu daga cikinsu suna daukar barin al'umma a matsayin cin amanar kasa kuma hakan yana iya kaiwa ga hukuncin kisa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot;/&gt; A da, sukan kai farmaki kan gonaki. A lokacin wadannan hare-hare, Maroon za su kone amfanin gona, sace dabbobi da kayan aiki, su kashe masu gonaki, sannan su gayyaci sauran bayi su shiga cikin al'ummarsu. Wasu rukuni-rukuni na Maroon sun hadu da kabilun mutanen asali na yankin kuma wani lokacin sukan hade da su. Maroon sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin kasashen [[Brazil]], Suriname, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Cuba, da Jamaica.{{citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Matsugunan Maroon sau da yawa suna da matsayi na kungiya mai zaman kanta da kuma 'yan waje. Wasu lokuta sukan kirkiri sababbin harsunan Creole ta hanyar hadawa da yaren Turai da kuma na asali na Afirka. Daya daga cikin irin wadannan harsunan Creole da Maroon suke amfani da shi a Suriname shi ne Saramaccan. A wasu lokuta kuma, Maroon sukan rungumi nau'in yarukan Turai na yankin a matsayin yaren gama-gari, domin mambobin al'umma sukan zo daga harsuna daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas |publisher=Anchor Press |author=Price, Richard |year=1973 |location=Garden City, New York |page=25 |isbn=0-385-06508-6|oclc = 805137}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maroon sun kafa nasu al'ummomi masu cin gashin kansu, wadanda a wasu lokuta har yau suna cigaba da rayuwa, kuma sun kasance cikin kebewa daga sauran al'umma har zuwa baya-bayan nan. A cikin karni na 19 da na 20, al'ummomin Maroon sun fara bacewa yayin da gandun daji ke yawaita rushewa, kodayake wasu kasashe kamar Guyana da Suriname har yanzu suna da yawan al'ummar Maroon da ke zaune a cikin dazuka. A zamanin yanzu, da yawa daga cikinsu sun koma birane da garuruwa yayin da cigaban birane ke karuwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=St.-Hilaire |first=Aonghas |date=26 February 2000 |title=Global Incorporation and Cultural Survival: The Surinamese Maroons at the Margins of the World-System |url=https://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/jwsr/article/view/232 |journal=Journal of World-Systems Research |language=en |pages=101–131 |doi=10.5195/jwsr.2000.232 |issn=1076-156X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

= Matsugunin Baƙar Fata da Baƙar Fata suka Jagoranta a cikin Amurka =
Yayin da ake yawan danganta al'ummomin maroon da Caribbean, an kafa da yawa daga cikinsu ta hanyar Afirka daga takamaiman kabilu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Google books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6DMMAQAAIAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Garin Accompong na Jamaica, wanda mayakan Akan suka kafa a shekara ta 1739, ya adana al'adun Ashanti kamar 'Rawa ta Kromanti'&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNESCO Slave Route Project |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/fostering-rights-inclusion/slave-route}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Irin waɗannan al'ummomin a Suriname (misali, Saramaka) an kafa su ne ta hanyar jarumai daga Masarautar Dahomey (Benin ta zamani). Nazarin DNA na baya-bayan nan ya tabbatar da cewa kashi 89% na maroons na Surinamese suna da dangantaka ta kai tsaye da mutanen Akan na Ghana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=African Origins of Suriname Maroons (Journal Study) |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/S002185372000022X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Al'adu ==

[[File:Maroon flag outside St John’s Church, Freetown.jpg|thumb|Tutar Maroon a Freetown, Saliyo]]
[[File:Maroon village, Suriname River, 1955.jpg|thumb|Kauyen Maroon, Kogin Suriname, 1955]]

Akwai bambanci sosai tsakanin rukunin al'adun Maroon saboda bambance-bambance a tarihi, yanki, ƙasar Afirka, da kuma al'adun ƴan asalin ƙasar a duk faɗin Yammacin Duniya. Bayi da yawa sun tsere a cikin tsarar farko na isowarsu daga Afirka kuma galibi sun adana harsunansu na Afirka da yawancin al'adunsu da addininsu na gargajiya na Afirka. Al'adun Afirka sun haɗa da abubuwa kamar amfani da wasu ganyaye na magani tare da ganguna na musamman da rawa lokacin da ake ba wa mai rashin lafiya ganyen. Sauran al'adun warkarwa na Afirka da al'adu sun rayu tsawon ƙarnuka.

Dajin da ke kewayen Tekun Caribbean ya ba da abinci, matsuguni, da keɓewa ga bayi da suka tsere. Maroons sun tallafa wa kansu ta hanyar noman kayan lambu da farauta. Rayuwarsu ta dogara ne ga al'adunsu, da kuma iyawarsu ta soja, ta amfani da dabarun yaƙin guerrilla da matsuguni masu ƙarfi waɗanda suka haɗa da tarko da karkatarwa. Wasu sun bayyana barin al'ummar a matsayin guduwa don haka za a iya hukunta su da mutuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot;/&gt; Sun kuma fara kai hari ga gonaki. A lokacin waɗannan hare-hare, Maroons za su ƙone amfanin gona, su saci dabbobi da kayan aiki, su kashe masu bayi, kuma su gayyaci sauran bayi su shiga al'ummominsu. Rukunin Maroons ɗaiɗaiku galibi suna haɗa kai da ƙabilun ƴan asalin ƙasar kuma lokaci-lokaci suna haɗuwa cikin waɗannan yawan. Maroons sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tarihin Brazil, Suriname, Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamhuriyar Dominican, Cuba, da Jamaica.

Matsugunin Maroon galibi suna da al'adar ƙabila, al'adar baƙi. Wani lokaci suna haɓaka harsunan Creole ta hanyar haɗa harsunan Turai tare da harsunansu na asali na Afirka. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan harshen Creole na Maroon, a Suriname, shine Saramaccan. A wasu lokuta, Maroons za su ɗauki bambance-bambancen harshen Turai na gida (creolization) a matsayin yaren gama gari, domin membobin al'ummar sukan yi magana da harsunan asali daban-daban.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price&quot;/&gt;

Maroon sun ƙirƙiro nasu al'ummomi masu zaman kansu, waɗanda a wasu lokuta sun rayu tsawon ƙarnuka, kuma har zuwa kwanan nan sun kasance dabam daga babban al'umma. A cikin ƙarni na 19 da 20, al'ummomin Maroon sun fara ɓacewa yayin da aka lalata dazuzzuka, kodayake wasu ƙasashe, kamar Guyana da Suriname, har yanzu suna da manyan al'ummomin Maroon da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka. Kwanan nan, da yawa daga cikinsu sun koma birane da garuruwa yayin da tsarin birane ke sauri.
== Rarraba Yanayi ==

=== Afirka ===

==== Mauritius ====

A ƙarƙashin gwamna Adriaan van der Stel a shekara ta 1642, farkon mazaunan Holland na Kamfanin Dutch East India Company sun kawo bayi 105 daga Madagascar da sassan Asiya don yin aiki a Dutch Mauritius. Duk da haka, 50 daga cikin waɗannan bayi na farko, ciki har da mata, sun tsere zuwa daji na Dutch Mauritius. An kama 18 ne kawai daga cikin waɗannan waɗanda suka tsere. A ranar 18 ga Yuni 1695, wata ƙungiya ta Maroons 'yan asalin Indonesiya da China, ciki har da Aaron d'Amboine, Antoni (Bamboes) da Paul de Batavia, da kuma mata da suka tsere Anna du Bengale da Espérance, sun sa wuta a Fort Frederick Hendryk (Vieux Grand Port) na mazaunan Holland a yunƙurin karɓar ikon tsibirin. An kama su duka kuma an fille musu kai.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Carter |first1=Marina |last2=Ng Foong Kwong |first2=James |title=Abacus and Mah Jong: Sino-Mauritian Settlement and Economic Consolidation |date=2009 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden, Netherlands |isbn=978-90-04-17572-3 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SN53oTMjAyMC&amp;q=fort+hendryck+mauritius}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Fabrairun 1706 an sake shirya wani tawaye ta sauran Maroons da kuma bayi marasa gamsuwa. Lokacin da Hollandawa suka bar Dutch Mauritius a 1710, Maroons sun zauna a baya.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Lokacin da wakilan Kamfanin Faransanci na Louis XIV suka sauka a tsibirin a 1715, su ma dole ne su fuskanci hare-hare daga Mauritian Maroons. Muhimman abubuwan sun kasance harin 1724 a kan wani sansanin soja a gundumar Savannah, da kuma harin da aka kai wa barikin soja a 1732 a Poste de Flacq. Mutane da yawa sun mutu sakamakon irin waɗannan hare-hare. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan isowarsa a 1735, Mahé de La Bourdonnais ya tattara kuma ya ba da kayan aiki ga rukunin sojojin Faransa da suka haɗa da farar hula da sojoji don yaƙar Maroons. A 1739, an kama jagoran Maroon Sans Souci kusa da Flacq kuma mazaunan Faransa sun ƙone shi da rai. ƴan shekaru baya, wata ƙungiya ta mazaunan Faransa ta bi Barbe Blanche, wani jagoran Maroon, amma sun rasa sawunsa a Le Morne. Sauran Maroons sun haɗa da Diamamouve da Madame Françoise.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Peerthum |first1=Satyendra |title=Histoires du marronage: Les combattants de la liberté |url=https://defimedia.info/histoires-du-marronage-les-combattants-de-la-liberte |publisher=Defimedia |access-date=24 February 2019|language=fr|trans-title=Marronage Stories: The Freedom Fighters}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Histoire du marronage|language=fr|trans-title=History of Maroonage |date=6 February 2018 |url=https://histoiresmauriciennes.com/histoires-marronage-marrons-symboles-de-lutte-contre-loppression/ |publisher=Histoires Mauriciennes |access-date=6 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Réunion ====

Maroons mafi muhimmanci a Réunion sun kasance Cimendef, Cotte, Dimitile da Maffate.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The African Diaspora in the Indian Ocean|chapter=From French Slaves to French Citizens: The African Diaspora in Réunion Island|last=Hintjens|first=Helen|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdpcgy_aopwC&amp;pg=PA99 |page=99|editor1-last=Jayasuriya|editor1-first=Shihan de S.|editor2-first=Richard|editor2-last=Pankhurst|publisher=Africa World Press Inc.|location=Trenton, New Jersey|date=2003|isbn=0-86543-980-X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Saliyo ====
{{Main|Jamaican Maroons in Sierra Leone}}
Wata ƙungiya ta ƴan ƙasa da 600 Jamaican Maroons daga Garin Cudjoe (Garin Trelawny), mafi girma daga cikin garuruwan Jamaican maroon guda biyar, an kore su daga hukumomin Burtaniya a Jamaica bayan Yaƙin Maroon na Biyu a 1796, na farko zuwa Nova Scotia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Hamilton |first=James Cleland |url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_05348 |title=The African in Canada ; The Maroons of Jamaica and Nova Scotia [microform] |date=1890 |publisher=[S.l. : s.n. |others=Canadiana.org |isbn=978-0-665-05348-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shekaru huɗu bayan haka a 1800, an kai su Saliyo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Bankole Kamara |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I__jAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA68 |title=Sierra Leone: The Land, Its People and History |date=2014 |publisher=New Africa Pres |isbn=978-9987-16-038-9 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Grant, John N (2002). ''The Maroons in Nova Scotia'' (Softcover). Formac. p. 203. ISBN 978-0887805691.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;James Walker, ''The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone 1783-1870'' (London: Longman, 1976), pp. 240-3.

Michael Sivapragasam, &quot;The Returned Maroons of Trelawny Town&quot;, ''Navigating Crosscurrents: Trans-linguality, Trans-culturality and Trans-identification in the Dutch Caribbean and Beyond'', ed. by Nicholas Faraclas, etc (Curacao/Puerto Rico: University of Curacao, 2020), p. 17.

Simon Schama, ''Rough Crossings'' (London: BBC Books, 2002), p. 382.

Mavis Campbell, ''Back to Africa: George Ross and the Maroons'' (Trenton: Africa World Press, 1993), p. 48.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kamfanin Saliyo ya kafa matsugunin Freetown da Colony na Saliyo a 1792 don sake tsugunar da Amirkawa Baƙar fata waɗanda suka isa ta Nova Scotia bayan an kwashe su a matsayin 'yantattu daga Amurka bayan Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;Siva, Michael (Winter 2021). &quot;Why Did the Black Poor of London Not Support the Sierra Leone Resettlement Scheme?&quot;. ''History Matters Journal''. '''1''' (2): 25–47.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Birchtown Plaque - 'The Black Loyalists at Birchtown' (1997) |url=http://nsgna.ednet.ns.ca/shelburne/main/BirchtownPlaque.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108180429/http://nsgna.ednet.ns.ca/shelburne/main/BirchtownPlaque.php/ |archive-date=2016-11-08 |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=nsgna.ednet.ns.ca |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu Jamaican Maroons daga ƙarshe sun koma Jamaica, amma yawancinsu sun zama wani ɓangare na manyan mutanen Creole na Saliyo da al'adun da suka haɗa da 'yantattu da bayi da aka 'yanta waɗanda suka shiga su a cikin rabin ƙarni na farko na mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref&gt;James Walker, ''The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone 1783-1870'' (London: Longman, 1976), pp. 240-3.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Schama |first=Simon |url= |title=Rough crossings: Britain, the slaves, and the American Revolution |date=2005 |publisher=BBC Books |others= |isbn=978-0-06-053916-0 |location=London |pages=380–383}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Michael Sivapragasam, &quot;The Returned Maroons of Trelawny Town&quot;, ''Navigating Crosscurrents: Trans-linguality, Trans-culturality and Trans-identification in the Dutch Caribbean and Beyond'', ed. by Nicholas Faraclas, etc (Curacao/Puerto Rico: University of Curacao, 2020), pp. 13, 18.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Arewacin Amurka ===

==== Kanada ====

===== Nova Scotia =====

A cikin shekarun 1790, kimanin 600 na Jamaican Maroons an kai su yankunan Biritaniya a Nova Scotia, inda kuma aka sake tsugunar da bayi 'yan Amurka da suka tsere daga Amurka. Ganin cewa ba su ji daɗin yanayin ba, a shekara ta 1800, mafi yawansu sun yi hijira zuwa Freetown, Yammacin Afirka inda suka bayyana kansu a matsayin 'yan asalin Saliyo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://muse.jhu.edu/book/15655 Robert Baron and Ana C. Cara, ''Creolization as Cultural Creativity''], University Press of Mississippi, 2011; accessed 12 July 2016, available online through Project MUSE&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Karibiyan ====

===== Cuba =====

A Cuba, akwai al'ummomin Maroon a cikin tsaunuka, inda 'yan gudun hijira na Afirka suka tsere daga zaluncin bauta kuma suka shiga Taínos.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aimes&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Aimes |first=Hubert H. S. |title=A History of Slavery in Cuba, 1511 to 1868 |date=1967 |publisher=Octagon Books |location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 1538, 'yan gudun hijira sun taimaki Faransawa su kori birnin Havana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot; /&gt;{{rp|41}}

A shekara ta 1731, bayi sun tashi a tawaye a ma'adinan Cobre, kuma suka kafa al'umma mai zaman kanta a Sierra del Cobre, wadda ta wanzu ba tare da an takura mata ba har zuwa shekara ta 1781, lokacin da yawan mutanen da suka 'yanta kansu ya karu zuwa sama da 1,000. A shekara ta 1781, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Spain sun amince su amince da 'yancin mutanen wannan al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|41}}&lt;ref name=&quot;delaRiva1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Francisco|last=Perez de la Riva|chapter=Cuban Palenques|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|54–55}} A shekara ta 1797, ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin da aka kama na wani ''palenque'' kusa da Jaruco ɗan Indiya ne daga Yucatán.&lt;ref name=&quot;delaRiva1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|57}}

A cikin shekarun 1810, Ventura Sanchez, wanda aka fi sani da Coba, shi ne ke kula da wani ''palenque'' na ɗaruruwan Maroons a cikin tsaunuka ba da nisa da Santiago de Cuba ba. An yaudari Sanchez ya tafi Santiago de Cuba, inda ya kashe kansa maimakon a kama shi a mayar da shi bauta. Jagorancin palenque daga nan ya wuce zuwa Manuel Grinan, wanda aka fi sani da Gallo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|42–43}}

''Palenque'' na Bumba ya kasance yana da tsari sosai har ma sun aika Maroons a cikin ƙananan jiragen ruwa zuwa Jamaica da Santo Domingo don yin kasuwanci. A shekara ta 1830, hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Spain sun gudanar da balaguro na soja a kan ''palenques'' na Bumba da Maluala. Antonio de Leon daga ƙarshe ya yi nasarar lalata ''palenque'' na Bumba.&lt;ref name=&quot;delaRiva1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|55}}

A cikin shekarun 1830, ''palenques'' na al'ummomin Maroon sun bunƙasa a yammacin Cuba, musamman yankunan da ke kewaye da San Diego de Nunez. Ofishin Kamawar Maroons ya ruwaito cewa tsakanin 1797 zuwa 1846, akwai dubban 'yan gudun hijira da ke zaune a cikin waɗannan ''palenques''. Duk da haka, tsaunuka na gabas sun kasance suna da ''palenques'' masu ɗorewa, musamman na Moa da Maluala, inda Maroons suka bunƙasa har zuwa Yaƙin Farko na 'Yanci a 1868, lokacin da yawancin Maroons suka shiga Sojojin 'Yancin Cuba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|47–48}}&lt;ref name=&quot;delaRiva1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|51}}

Akwai wuraren tarihi 28 da aka gano a cikin kwarin Viñales masu alaƙa da bayi na Afirka da suka tsere ko Maroons na farkon ƙarni na 19; ana samun shaidar kayan aiki na kasancewarsu a cikin kogo na yankin, inda ƙungiyoyi suka zauna na tsawon lokaci daban-daban. Al'adar baka ta nuna cewa Maroons sun fake a kan gangaren mogotes da kuma a cikin kogo; Gidan Tarihi na Municipal na Viñales yana da nune-nunen kayan tarihi da ke nuna rayuwar bayi da suka tsere, kamar yadda aka gano ta hanyar binciken tarihi. Al'adun gargajiya da aka sake yi a lokacin ''Semana de la Cultura'' (Mako na Al'adu) suna murnar kafa garin a 1607.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unesco2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Cuba|website=Places of Memory of the Slave Route in the Latin Caribbean |url=http://www.lacult.unesco.org/sitios_memoria/Sitios.php?nav=idpais&amp;value=2&amp;lan=en |first1=Jesús|last1=Guanche|first2=Nilson|last2=Acosta|date=2006–2007|access-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904052106/http://www.lacult.unesco.org/sitios_memoria/Sitios.php?nav=idpais&amp;value=2&amp;lan=en |archive-date=4 September 2019 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Guerrillero2019&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Loraine |last=Morales Pino |title=Viñales celebra semana de la Cultura|language=es|trans-title=Viñales celebrates Culture Week |url=http://www.guerrillero.cu/cultura/3703-vinales-celebra-semana-de-la-cultura.html |access-date=21 December 2019 |work=Periódico Guerrillero  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202031329/http://www.guerrillero.cu/cultura/3703-vinales-celebra-semana-de-la-cultura.html |archive-date=2 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Dominica, Saint Lucia, da Saint Vincent =====

Irin waɗannan al'ummomin Maroon sun haɓaka a tsibirai a duk faɗin Caribbean, kamar na mutanen Garifuna a Saint Vincent. Yawancin Garifuna an kore su zuwa babban yankin Amurka, inda wasu daga ƙarshe suka zauna a bakin tekun Mosquito ko a Belize. Daga wurin saukar su na asali a tsibirin Roatan da ke bakin tekun Honduras, Maroons sun koma Trujillo. A hankali ƙungiyoyi sun yi ƙaura zuwa kudu zuwa Masarautar Miskito kuma arewa zuwa Belize.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roessingh2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Carel|last=Henning Roessingh|title=The Belizean Garifuna: Organization of Identity in an Ethnic Community in Central America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dAIjAQAAIAAJ|date=2001|publisher=Rozenberg|isbn=978-90-5170-574-4|page=71}}&lt;/ref&gt; A Dominica, bayi da suka tsere sun haɗa kai da ƴan asalin Kalinago a cikin daji mai yawa na tsibirin don ƙirƙirar al'ummomin Maroon, waɗanda ke ci gaba da rikici da hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya a duk lokacin bautar gargajiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite podcast |host=Alejandra Bronfman |title=Lennox Honychurch, In the Forests of Freedom: The Fighting Maroons of Dominica |website=New Books in Caribbean Studies |publisher=New Books Network |date=12 December 2019 |url=https://newbooksnetwork.com/lennox-honychurch-in-the-forests-of-freedom-the-fighting-maroons-of-dominica-up-mississippi-2017/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin mulkin mallaka na Faransa na Saint Lucia, Maroons da sojoji masu gudun hijira na Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa sun kafa abin da ake kira Armée Française dans les bois (sojojin Faransa a cikin dazuzzuka), wanda ya ƙunshi kimanin maza 6,000 waɗanda suka yi yaƙin Brigand na Farko a kan Birtaniya waɗanda kwanan nan suka mamaye tsibirin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Helg2019&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Aline|last1=Helg|translator-first=Lara|translator-last=Vergnaud|title=Slave No More: Self-Liberation before Abolitionism in the Americas|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HeaGDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA170|date=2019|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|location=Chapel Hill, North Carolina|isbn=978-1-4696-4963-4|page=170|chapter=The Shock Waves of the Haitian Revolution}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karkashin jagorancin Kwamishinan Faransa, Gaspard Goyrand,&lt;ref name=&quot;Howard2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Martin|last=Howard|title=Death Before Glory: The British Soldier in the West Indies in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g7LjCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA21|date=2015|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=978-1-4738-7152-6|page=21}}&lt;/ref&gt; sun yi nasarar sake karɓar ikon yawancin tsibirin daga Birtaniya, amma a ranar 26 ga Mayu 1796, sojojinsu da ke kare sansanin a Morne Fortune, kimanin maza 2,000 sun mika wuya ga wani rukuni na Birtaniya karkashin jagorancin Janar John Moore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Breen1844&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Henry|last=Hegart Breen|title=St. Lucia: Historical, Statistical, and Descriptive|url=https://archive.org/details/stluciahistoric00breegoog|year=1844|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans|page=96|via=Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stark1893&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=James Henry|last=Stark|title=Stark's History and Guide to Barbados and the Caribbee Islands: Containing a Description of Everything on Or about These Islands of which the Visitor Or Resident May Desire Information ... Fully Illustrated with Maps, Engravings and Photo-prints|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkM6AQAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA55|year=1893|publisher=Photo-Electrotype Company|page=55}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan mika wuya, sama da fursunonin yaƙi na Faransa da Afro-Caribbean 2,500 da kuma mata da yara casa'in da tara, an kai su daga St. Lucia zuwa Portchester Castle. Daga ƙarshe an aika su zuwa Faransa a musayar fursunoni; wasu sun zauna a Turai yayin da wasu suka koma Faransa.&lt;ref name=&quot;EnglishHeritage2018&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Black prisoners at Portchester Castle |url=https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/black-prisoners-at-portchester/ |website=English Heritage |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724125623/https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/black-prisoners-at-portchester/ |archive-date=24 July 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Brown2019&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first1=Mark|last1=Brown |title=Hidden story of 2,000 African-Caribbean PoWs in a medieval castle |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/jul/18/hidden-story-of-2000-african-caribbean-pows-in-a-medieval-castle |access-date=20 December 2019 |work=The Guardian |date=18 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520211634/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/jul/18/hidden-story-of-2000-african-caribbean-pows-in-a-medieval-castle |archive-date=20 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Jamhuriyar Dominican =====
Farkon ''marronage'' a Amurka ya fara ne a yankin Spain da ke tsibirin Hispaniola. Gwamna Nicolás de Ovando ya riga ya fara korafin bayi da suka tsere da kuma mu'amalarsu da 'yan asalin Taíno tun daga shekara ta 1503. Tawayen bayi na farko ya faru a Hispaniola a gonakin sukari mallakar Admiral Diego Columbus, a ranar 26 ga Disamba 1522, kuma Admiral ya murƙushe shi da ƙarfi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|35}} Ko da yake Admiral ya murƙushe tawayen, yawancin bayi sun sami damar tserewa. Maroons na Dominican sun ci gaba da jagorantar ayyukan Maroon na farko a Amurka. Sebastián Lemba, wanda aka haifa a Afirka, ya yi nasarar tawaye ga Sipaniyawa a shekara ta 1532, kuma ya haɗa kai da sauran 'yan Afirka a cikin gwagwarmayarsa ta shekaru 15 a kan mazaunan Spain. Daga ƙarshe Lemba ya haɗa kai da sauran Maroons kamar Juan Vaquero, Diego del Guzmán, Fernando Montoro, Juan Criollo da Diego del Ocampo a cikin gwagwarmaya da bauta. Yayin da Maroons suka fara barazana ga kasuwancin Spain, jami'an Spain sun fara jin tsoron karɓe ikon tsibirin daga Maroons.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schwaller 2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Schwaller |first1=Robert C. |date=2018 |title=Contested Conquests: African Maroons and the Incomplete Conquest of Hispaniola, 1519–1620 |journal=The Americas |language=en |volume=75 |issue=4 |pages=609-638 |doi=10.1017/tam.2018.3 |hdl-access=free |hdl=1808/29355}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Maroons sun haɗa kai da 'yan asalin ƙasar a cikin yaƙe-yaƙensu da Sipaniyawa kuma sun ɓoye tare da shugaban 'yan tawaye Enriquillo a cikin tsaunukan Bahoruco.&lt;ref name=&quot;Heywood2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Jane|last=Landers|editor=Linda M. Heywood|title=Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EKd-q4oVHOsC&amp;pg=PA234|year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-00278-3|page=234|chapter=The Central African Presence in Spanish Maroon Communities}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownMorgan2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Jane|last=Landers|editor1-first=Christopher Leslie|editor1-last=Brown|editor2-first=Philip D.|editor2-last=Morgan |title=Arming Slaves: From Classical Times to the Modern Age|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T-COzq-pz0oC&amp;pg=PA139|date=2008|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-13485-8|page=139, note 17|chapter=Transforming Bondsmen into Vassals }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|38}} Har zuwa shekarun 1540s, Maroons sun riga sun mallaki sassan ciki na tsibirin, kodayake yankuna a gabas, arewa, da yammacin tsibirin suma sun faɗa ƙarƙashin ikon Maroon. Ƙungiyoyin Maroon za su yi ƙoƙarin fita a cikin tsibirin, yawanci a manyan ƙungiyoyi, suna kai hari ga ƙauyuka da suka haɗu da su, suna ƙone gonaki, suna kashe da kwashe Sipaniyawa, da 'yantar da bayi. Hanyoyin sun zama masu buɗewa ga hari, Sipaniyawa sun ga ya zama dole su yi tafiya a cikin ƙungiyoyi kawai.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schwaller 2018&quot; /&gt; Lokacin da Archdeacon Alonso de Castro ya zagaya Hispaniola a 1542, ya kiyasta yawan al'ummar Maroon ya kai mutane 2,000–3,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Heywood2002&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownMorgan2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|38}}

===== Haiti =====

Faransawa sun fuskanci nau'o'i daban-daban na juriya ta bayi a cikin ƙarnuka na 17 da 18, a Saint-Domingue, wanda daga baya aka kira Haiti. Tsoffin bayi na Afirka da suka gudu zuwa yankunan tsaunuka masu nisa ana kiran su ''marron'' (Faransanci) ko ''mawon'' (Creole na Haiti), ma'ana 'bawan da ya tsere'. Maroons sun kafa ƙungiyoyi masu haɗin kai waɗanda suka yi aikin noma da farauta a ƙaramin sikelin. An san su da komawa gonaki don 'yantar da 'yan uwa da abokai. Sau da yawa, sun kuma haɗa kai da mazaunan Taíno, waɗanda suka tsere daga Sipaniyawa a cikin ƙarni na 17.&lt;ref name=&quot;StMery1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|135–136}}

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 17 da farkon ƙarni na 18, akwai adadi mai yawa na Maroons da ke zaune a cikin tsaunukan Bahoruco. A 1702, wani balaguro na Faransawa a kan su ya kashe Maroons uku kuma ya kama 11, amma sama da 30 sun guje wa kamawa, kuma sun koma cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka inda ba za a iya samun su ba. An sake yin balaguro a kan su da ƙananan nasara, ko da yake sun yi nasarar kama ɗaya daga cikin shugabanninsu, Michel, a 1719. A balaguro na gaba, a 1728 da 1733, sojojin Faransa sun kama Maroons 46 da 32 bi da bi. Komai yawan rukunonin da aka aika a kan waɗannan Maroons, sun ci gaba da jan hankalin 'yan gudun hijira. Balaguro a 1740, 1742, 1746, 1757 da 1761 sun sami ƙananan nasarori a kan waɗannan Maroons, amma sun kasa lalata wuraren ɓoyewarsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;StMery1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author-link=Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry|first=Médéric Louis Élie|last=Moreau de Saint-Mery|chapter=The Border Maroons of Saint Domingue|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|135–136}}

A cikin 1776–1777, wani balaguro na haɗin gwiwa na Faransa da Spain ya shiga yankunan kan iyaka na tsaunukan Bahoruco, da niyyar lalata matsugunan Maroon a can. Duk da haka, an sanar da Maroons game da zuwansu, kuma sun bar ƙauyukansu da kogoninsu, suna komawa cikin dazuzzukan tsaunuka inda ba za a iya samun su ba. Daga ƙarshe rukunin sun dawo, ba su yi nasara ba kuma sun rasa sojoji da yawa saboda rashin lafiya da guduwa. A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, Maroons sun kai hari ga yawancin matsuguni, ciki har da Fond-Parisien, don abinci, makamai, gunpowder da mata. A ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan balaguron ne aka kama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Maroon, Kebinda, wanda aka haifa cikin 'yanci a cikin tsaunuka. Daga baya ya mutu a tsare.&lt;ref name=&quot;StMery1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|136–138}}

A cikin 1782, de Saint-Larry ya yanke shawarar ba da sharuɗɗan zaman lafiya ga ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin Maroon, Santiago, inda zai ba su 'yanci a madadin su farautar duk waɗanda suka tsere kuma su mayar da su ga masu su. A ƙarshe, a ƙarshen 1785, an amince da sharuɗɗa, kuma Maroons sama da 100 a ƙarƙashin umurnin Santiago sun daina yin kutse a yankin mulkin mallaka na Faransa.&lt;ref name=&quot;StMery1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|139–142}}

Sauran ƙoƙarin juriya na bayi a kan tsarin shuka na Faransawa sun fi kai tsaye. Ɗaya daga cikin Maroons masu tasiri shine François Mackandal, wani houngan ko firist na voodoo, wanda ya jagoranci tawaye na shekaru shida a kan fararen masu shuka a Haiti wanda ya riga Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Haiti.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The History of Haiti and the Haitian Revolution |url=http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/haiti2004/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070826170155/http://www.ci.miami.fl.us/haiti2004/history.htm |archive-date=26 August 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007 |publisher=The City of Miami}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mackandal ya jagoranci wani motsi don sanya guba a cikin ruwan sha na masu shuka a cikin shekarun 1750.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The Haitian Revolution of 1791–1803, An Historical Essay in Four Parts |first=Bob |last=Corbett |url=http://www.webster.edu/~corbetre/haiti/history/revolution/revolution1.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190914191846/http://faculty.webster.edu/corbetre/haiti/history/revolution/revolution1.htm |archive-date=14 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Boukman ya ayyana yaƙi a kan fararen masu shuka na Faransawa a 1791, wanda ya haifar da Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Haiti. Wani mutum-mutumi mai suna ''Le Nègre Marron'' ko ''Nèg Mawon'' wani shahararren gunkin tagulla ne da aka gina a tsakiyar Port-au-Prince don tunawa da rawar da Maroons suka taka a 'yancin kai na Haiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;LA Times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-27-me-passings27.2-story.html |title=Albert Mangones, 85; His Bronze Sculpture Became Haitian Symbol |author=|date=27 April 2002 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |access-date=9 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===== Jamaica =====

Mutanen da suka tsere daga bautar lokacin da Sifaniya ta mamaye tsibirin Jamaica sun gudu zuwa cikin ƙasar suka haɗu da Taíno da suke zaune a can, suna kafa al'ummomin 'yan gudun hijira. Daga baya, da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami 'yanci yayin ruɗani da ya faru bayan Harin Ingila a Jamaica na shekara ta 1655.&lt;ref name=&quot;Saunders2005&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Nicholas J.|last=Saunders|title=The Peoples of the Caribbean: An Encyclopedia of Archaeology and Traditional Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNbqUR_IoOMC&amp;pg=PA145|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-701-6|page=145}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasu bayi 'yan gudun hijira sun ci gaba da haɗuwa da su har zuwa lokacin soke bautar a 1838, amma gaba ɗaya, bayan rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi na 1739 da 1740, Maroons sun soma farautar bayin da suka gudu don samun kuɗin fansa daga gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta Biritaniya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Siva2018&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|45–47}}

A ƙarshen ƙarni na 17 da na 18, Biritaniya ta yi ƙoƙarin kama Maroons saboda suna kai hare-hare lokaci-lokaci kan gonaki, sannan suna hana fadada cikin ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Genovese1992&quot; /&gt; Zuwa ƙarni na 18, Nanny Town da sauran ƙauyukan Maroon a Jamaica sun fara yaƙi don samun yancin cin gashin kansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot; /&gt; Yawaitar faɗace-faɗace da makamai tsawon shekaru ya haifar da Yaƙin Maroon na Farko a shekarun 1730s, amma Biritaniya ta kasa doke Maroons. A ƙarshe, sun amince da yarjejeniya da kungiyoyin a shekarar 1739 da 1740, wanda ya ba su yancin cin gashin kai a al'ummominsu bisa sharaɗin za a iya kira su su shiga aikin soja tare da masu mulkin mallaka idan an buƙata. Wasu sassa na Maroons sun samu ƙarfi har suna sanya yarjejeniya da hukumomin mulkin mallaka na yankin,&lt;ref name=&quot;Genovese1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eugene D. Genovese|title=From Rebellion to Revolution: Afro-American Slave Revolts in the Making of the Modern World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d62zVrIQa2QC&amp;pg=PT65|date=1 January 1992|publisher=LSU Press|isbn=978-0-8071-4813-6|page=65|quote=Some maroon communities became powerful enough to force the European powers into formal peace treaties designed to pacify the interior while recognizing the freedom and autonomy of the rebels. Jamaica and Surinam provided the most famous of these cases, which had counterparts in Mexico...}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani lokaci suna tattaunawa domin samun 'yanci a musayar taimakawa wajen kamawa da dawo da sauran bayin da suka tsere.&lt;ref name=&quot;AccilienAdams2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first1=Cécile|last1=Accilien|first2=Jessica|last2=Adams|first3=Elmide|last3=Méléance|title=Revolutionary Freedoms: A History of Survival, Strength and Imagination in Haiti|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-p7qRKl_G0C&amp;pg=PA81|year=2006|publisher=Educa Vision Inc.|isbn=978-1-58432-293-1|page=81}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda rikici da gaba-gaba da Maroons daga Trelawny Town, Yaƙin Maroon na Biyu ya barke a 1795. Bayan gwamna ya yaudari Maroons na Trelawny su miƙa wuya, gwamnatin mulkin mallaka ta korar kusan 600 daga cikinsu zuwa Nova Scotia. Saboda wahalhalu da suka fuskanta da waɗanda Black Loyalists suka fuskanta a Nova Scotia da Ingila bayan Juyin Juya Halin Amurka, Biritaniya ta kafa wata colonia a Afirka ta Yamma, Sierra Leone. An ba 'yan asalin Afirka damar kafa al'ummarsu a can tun daga 1792. A kusan shekara ta 1800, daruruwan Jamaican Maroons aka sauke su a Freetown, birni na farko a Sierra Leone. Daga bisani, a shekarun 1840s, kusan Maroons 200 daga Trelawny suka koma Jamaica, suka zauna a ƙauyen Flagstaff a cikin gundumar St James, ba nisa da Trelawny Town, wadda yanzu ake kira Maroon Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Michael|last=Sivapragasam|chapter=The Returned Maroons of Trelawny Town|title=Navigating Crosscurrents: Trans-linguality, Trans-culturality and Trans-identification in the Dutch Caribbean and Beyond|editor1-first=Nicholas|editor1-last=Faraclas|display-editors=etal|location=Curaçao|publisher=University of Curaçao|year=2020|pages=18–19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙaramar cibiyar Maroon ta Leeward da ta ci gaba da zama mai ikon cin gashin kanta a Jamaica bayan Yaƙin Maroon na Biyu ita ce Accompong, a cikin gundumar Saint Elizabeth, wadda mutanenta suka ci gaba da bin yarjejeniyar da suka yi da Biritaniya a 1739. Wata al'ummar Maroon ta Windward tana Charles Town, Jamaica, a bakin kogin Buff Bay a gundumar Portland. Wata kuma tana Moore Town (tsohon Nanny Town), ita ma a Portland. A 2005, hukumar UNESCO ta bayyana kiɗan Maroons na Moore Town a matsayin 'Ginshiki na Al’adu na Baka da Na Ruhi'.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gleaner2004&quot;&gt;{{cite news |first=Tanya|last=Batson-Savage |title=A Maroon masterpiece |url=http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040613/ent/ent1.html |access-date=23 December 2019 |work=Jamaica Gleaner |date=13 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223053323/http://old.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20040613/ent/ent1.html |archive-date=23 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cibiyar ta huɗu tana Scott's Hall, Jamaica, a gundumar St Mary.&lt;ref name=&quot;JIS2015&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author1=Garfield L. Angus |title=Scott's Hall Maroons Looking to Develop Area as Major Attraction |url=https://jis.gov.jm/scotts-hall-maroons-looking-to-develop-area-as-major-attraction/ |website=Jamaica Information Service |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426111051/https://jis.gov.jm/scotts-hall-maroons-looking-to-develop-area-as-major-attraction/ |archive-date=26 April 2019 |date=17 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tabbatar da ikon cin gashin kai na Accompong daga gwamnatin Jamaica lokacin da tsibirin ya samu 'yancin kai a 1962.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

Gwamnati ta yi ƙoƙari wajen farfaɗo da sauran cibiyoyin Maroon. Gwamnatin Jamaica da Maroons sun shirya Taron Maroons na Kasa da Kasa a kowace shekara, wanda aka fara da juyawa tsakanin al’umma, amma tun 2009 ana gudanar da taron a Charles Town.&lt;ref name=&quot;CharlesTownMaroons2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt;|title=11th Annual International Maroon Conference &amp; Festival Magazine 2019 |url=https://www.maroons-jamaica.com/conference-festival-magazine-2019/ |website=Charles Town Maroons |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223061457/http://www.maroons-jamaica.com/conference-festival-magazine-2019/ |archive-date=23 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maroons daga sauran ƙasashen Caribbean, Amurka ta Tsakiya, da Kudanci ana gayyatarsu. A 2016, kwamandan Accompong da tawagarsa sun tafi Masarautar Ashanti a Ghana don sabunta alaƙarsu da mutanen Akan da Asante na kakanninsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;ghana&quot;&gt;[https://www.modernghana.com/newsthread/689367/378154#showcomments &quot;Historical Meeting Between The Kingdom Of Ashanti And The Accompong Maroons In Jamaica&quot;], ''Modern Ghana,'' 2 May 2016&lt;/ref&gt;
===== Puerto Rico =====

A Puerto Rico, dangin Taíno daga Utuado sun koma tsaunuka masu duwatsu na kudu maso yamma, tare da bayin Afirka da suka tsere waɗanda suka yi aure da su. Kafin a gina hanyoyi zuwa cikin tsaunukan, ciyayi masu kauri sun ɓoye yawancin Maroons da suka tsere a cikin tuddai na kudu maso yamma. Bayin da suka tsere sun nemi mafaka daga gonakin yankin gabar teku na Ponce.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Knight |first=Franklin W. |date=May 1986 |title=Review of Benjamin Nistal-Moret, ''Esclavos prófugos y cimarrones: Puerto Rico, 1770–1870'' |journal=Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=66 |issue=2 |pages=381–382 |jstor=2515149}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Martinique =====

A Martinique, bayin Afirka da suka tsere sun gudu zuwa matsugunin Maroon a cikin dazukan arewa domin tserewa daga tsarin gonakin Faransa da masu gadin gonaki tare da fararen mazauna. A lokacin Juyin Juya Hali na Faransa, bayin Igbo sun yi yaƙi don 'yanci, wanda Majalisar Kasa ta Faransa ta soke bautar bayi a shekarar 1794. Amma ba har sai shekarar 1848 ba, inda tawaye na ƙarshe na bayi ya faru, wanda ya sa wannan ƙasar ta zama farkon yankin ƙasashen waje na Faransa da ta soke bauta tare da sauran yankunan Faransa.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

==== Amurka ta Tsakiya ====

===== Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, da Nicaragua =====

Wasu ƙungiyoyin Maroon daban-daban sun samo asali a kusa da Tekun Honduras. Wasu sun zauna a cikin ƙasar Honduras ta yanzu, a kan hanyoyin kasuwanci inda bayi ke ɗaukar azurfa da aka hako daga gefen Tekun Pasifik na mashigin ƙasa zuwa garuruwan gabar teku kamar Trujillo ko Puerto Caballos don jigila zuwa Turai. Idan bayi suka tsere, sai su nufi tsaunuka don neman tsira. A shekara ta 1548, a inda yanzu ake kira Honduras, bayi a San Pedro suka tayar da hankali, wanda wani bawan da ya kubuta mai suna Miguel ya jagoranta, kuma ya kafa cikakken birni. Dole ne Sifaniyawa su turo da ƙarin sojoji don murkushe tawaye. &lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|36}}

A shekarar 1648, wani bishop ɗin Ingila a Guatemala, Thomas Gage, ya ruwaito cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin Maroon masu yawa da ke aiki a kan waɗannan hanyoyi. Miskito Sambu wata ƙungiyar Maroon ce da ta samo asali daga bayi da suka tayar da hankali a wani jirgin ruwa na Fotigal a kusa da shekara ta 1640, suka karya jirgin a gabar Honduras-Nicaragua, kuma suka tsere zuwa cikin ƙasa. Sun auri mutanen asali cikin shekaru hamsin masu zuwa. A ƙarshe sun zama shugabanni a gabar Mosquito kuma suka jagoranci hare-haren kama bayi a yankunan da Sifaniyawa ke iko da su a rabin farkon ƙarni na 18. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cwik |first=Christian |date=1 January 2019 |title=Displaced Minorities: The Wayuu and Miskito People |url=https://www.academia.edu/76859732 |journal=The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity |pages=1593–1609 |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_117|isbn=978-981-13-2897-8 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Garifuna zuriyar ƙungiyoyin Maroon ne da suka samo asali a tsibirin Saint Vincent. An kori su zuwa gabar Honduras a shekara ta 1797. &lt;ref name=&quot;Roessingh2001&quot; /&gt;

===== Panama =====


Bayano, wani Mutum Mandinka da aka yi masa bauta aka kai shi Panama a shekarar 1552, ya jagoranci tawaye a waccan shekarar a kan Sifaniyawa. Shi da mabiyansa sun tsere suka kafa ƙauyuka a ƙasashen ƙasa. Viceroy Canete ya kasa murkushe waɗannan Maroons, don haka sai ya ba su sharadin yarda da 'yancinsu, muddin ba za su karɓi sababbin bayin da suka tsere ba kuma su dawo da wadanda suka gudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|41}}

Daga baya waɗannan mutanen, waɗanda aka sani da Cimarrón, sun taimaka wa Sir Francis Drake wajen yaƙi da Sifaniyawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Drake1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Drake2&quot; /&gt;

==== Mexico ====

Gaspar Yanga shi ne wani jagoran Afirka na wata ƙungiyar Maroons a yankin tsaunukan Veracruz a inda yanzu ake kira Mexico. Ana tsammanin Yanga ya kasance yana cikin gudun hijira tun farkon shekarun 1570, kuma shi ne jagoran wata ƙungiya mai ƙarfi ta Maroons.&lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson1996&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=David|last=Davidson|chapter=Negro Slave Control and Resistance in Colonial Mexico, 1519–1650|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|93–94}}

A shekarar 1609, Kyaftin Pedro Gonzalo de Herrera ya jagoranci wata runduna da ta kai hari kan Yanga da Maroons ɗinsa, amma duk da asarar rayuka mai yawa daga bangarorin biyu, babu wanda ya yi nasara. Maimakon haka, Yanga ya shiga tattaunawa da masu mulkin mallaka na Spain don kafa wata ƙungiyar Maroons da ke tafiyar da kanta mai suna San Lorenzo de los Negros (da daga baya aka sauya suna zuwa Yanga). Yanga ya samu amincewa da ‘yancin mutanensa, kuma an ba wa palenque ɗinsa matsayin gari mai ‘yanci. A matsayin diyya, an bukaci Yanga ya mayar da sauran bayin da suka gudu zuwa ga hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Spain.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Jimenez Roman |first1=Miriam |title=Africa's Legacy |url=http://www.smithsonianeducation.org/migrations/legacy/almmx.html |website=www.smithsonianeducation.org |access-date=21 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|94–97}}

Yankin Costa Chica na Guerrero da na Oaxaca sun ƙunshi wurare masu wahalar isa waɗanda suka zama mafaka ga bayin da suka gudu daga gonaki da filayen gonakin Spain a gabar tekun Pacific.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Agorsalt |first=E. Kofi |title=Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African Diaspora |publisher=Indiana University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-253-34919-4 |editor1-last=Ogundiran |editor1-first=Akinwumi |editor2-last=Falola |editor2-first=Toyin |location=Bloomington, Indiana |page=340 |oclc=87082740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shaida daga waɗannan al’ummomi za a iya gani a cikin yawan jama’ar Afro-Mexico na wannan yanki.&lt;ref name=&quot;ccvaughn&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/1937-the-costa-chica-of-guerrero-and-oaxaca |title= Mexico's Black heritage: the Costa Chica of Guerrero and Oaxaca |first=Bobby |last=Vaughn |date= 1 September 1998 |publisher=Mexconnect newsletter |issn=1028-9089  |access-date=27 April 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran al’ummomin Afro-Mexico da suka samo asali daga bayin da suka tsere suna zaune a Veracruz da Arewacin Mexico; wasu daga cikin waɗannan al’ummomi daga baya sun ƙunshi mutanen da suka tsere daga bauta a Amurka ta hanyar Southern Underground Railroad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Grant |first=Richard |date=July–August 2022 |title=The Southbound Underground Railroad Brought Thousands of Enslaved Americans to Mexico |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/southbound-underground-railroad-brought-thousands-enslaved-americans-mexico-180980328/ |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=19 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Amurka ====
===== Florida =====
Maroons waɗanda suka tsere daga Sahun Farko na Jihohi goma sha uku kuma suka haɗa kai da Seminole Indiyawa na ɗaya daga cikin manyan al'ummomin Maroon masu nasara a abin da yanzu ake kira Florida saboda ƙarin haƙƙoƙi da 'yanci da aka samu daga Daular Spain. Wasu sun auri junansu kuma suna da al'adun Seminole; wasu kuma sun riƙe al'adun Afirka. Zuriyar waɗanda aka cire tare da Seminole zuwa Yankin Indiya a cikin 1830s an gane su a matsayin Baƙar fata Seminoles. Yawancinsu a da wani ɓangare ne na Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, amma an cire su tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ta hanyar sabbin dokokin zama memba waɗanda ke buƙatar tabbatar da asalin 'Yan Asalin Amurka daga takardun tarihi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jennison2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Watson W. Jennison|title=Cultivating Race: The Expansion of Slavery in Georgia, 1750-1860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImNeFi-wt6IC&amp;pg=PA132|date=18 January 2012|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-4021-6|page=132}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=Ray Von |title=Estelusti Marginality: A Qualitative Examination of the Black Seminole |journal=The Journal of Pan African Studies |date=2008 |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=60, 65–69 |url=https://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol2no4/2.4_Estelusti_Marginality.pdf |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406143211/https://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol2no4/2.4_Estelusti_Marginality.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=Ray Von |title=A Pan-Africanist Analysis of Black Seminole Perceptions of Racism, Discrimination, and Exclusion |journal=The Journal of Pan African Studies |date=2011 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=102–121 |url=https://www.jpanafrican.org/docs/vol4no5/4.5APan-Africanist.pdf |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805232154/https://jpanafrican.org/docs/vol4no5/4.5APan-Africanist.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Georgia =====
A ƙarshen ƙarni na 18, an kafa matsugunan Maroon guda biyu a Tsibirin Abercorn (a lokacin ana kiransa Belleisle), wanda ke sama da kogin Savannah kusa da Kogin Savannah, a jihar Effingham ta zamani.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dawers |first=Bill |date=27 October 2022 |title=The story of the maroons is another gap in Savannah's history. Let's find ways to tell it. |url=https://www.savannahnow.com/story/opinion/2022/10/27/city-talk-history-savannah-georgia-maroon-communities-deserves-more-attention/10594799002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304175825/https://www.savannahnow.com/story/opinion/2022/10/27/city-talk-history-savannah-georgia-maroon-communities-deserves-more-attention/10594799002/ |archive-date=4 March 2024 |access-date=16 November 2024 |website=Savannah Morning News |publisher=Gannett |issn=1047-028X |oclc=51656980}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1787, sojojin yankin sun lalata waɗannan matsugunan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Daga baya, Maroons sun kafa wani matsuguni a Bear Creek, kodayake an kuma kai hari ga wannan matsuguni kuma an kashe shugabanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

===== Illinois =====
An kafa Lakeview a matsayin garin 'yantattu ta wata ƙungiyar Baƙin Amurka bayi masu gudu da 'yantattu waɗanda suka yi hijira daga North Carolina jim kaɗan bayan Yaƙin 1812. Sun iso tsakanin 1818 da 1820. Wannan yankin ya dace da sauran 'Yan Asalin Amurka waɗanda suka zauna, suka farauta, suka kama kifi, kuma suka noma wannan yanki kuma baƙar fata sun haɗu da Amerindians.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Memories of Lakeview, Jewell Cofield, 1976&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Louisiana =====

Har zuwa tsakiyar 1760s, al'ummomin Maroon sun mamaye gabar Tekun Borgne, wanda ke ƙasa da kogin New Orleans, Louisiana. Waɗannan bayin da suka tsere sun mallaki yawancin ramuka da hanyoyin baya daga Tekun Pontchartrain zuwa Gulf, gami da Rigolets. Al'ummar San Malo ta kasance al'umma mai cin gashin kanta wacce ta daɗe tana bunƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Monuments |first1=Paper |last2=Frisbie-Calder |first2=Pippin |last3=artist |last4=Hall |first4=Gwendolyn Midlo |last5=narrative |title=San Malo Maroons |url=https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1403 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=New Orleans Historical |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga ƙarshe sojojin New Orleans da ke ƙarƙashin ikon Spain wanda Francisco Bouligny ke jagoranta suka kawar da waɗannan al'ummomin. 'Yantattun mutane masu launi sun taimaka wajen kama su.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1 = Din |first1 = Gilbert C. |title = Spaniards, Planters, and enslaved people: The Spanish Regulation of Slavery in Louisiana, 1763–1803 |publisher = Texas A&amp;M University Press |year = 1999 |isbn = 0-89096-904-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1 = Hall |first1 = Gwendolyn Midlo |author-link = Gwendolyn Midlo Hall |title = Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century |publisher = Louisiana State University Press |year = 1995 |isbn = 0-8071-1999-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mutanen da suka tsere daga bauta a zamanin kafin yaƙi a Amurka sun ci gaba da samun mafaka da 'yanci a yankunan karkara na Louisiana, gami da yankunan da ke kusa da New Orleans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Beaver |first1=Jessica |last2=Gillette |first2=Jessica |last3=Mason |first3=Kate |last4=O'Dwyer |first4=Kathryn |title=Maroons in Antebellum New Orleans: Independence at Any Cost - Stop 8 of 9 on the Urban Slavery and Everyday Resistance tour |url=https://neworleanshistorical.org/items/show/1371 |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=New Orleans Historical |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=More Than A Runaway: Maroons in Louisiana |url=https://www.wwno.org/podcast/tripod-new-orleans-at-300/2015-12-10/more-than-a-runaway-maroons-in-louisiana |access-date=28 January 2023 |website=WWNO |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Diouf |first=Sylviane A. |title=Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons |date=2014 |publisher=NYU Press |jstor=j.ctt9qfc3r |isbn=978-0-8147-2437-8 }}{{pn|date=June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== North Carolina da Virginia =====

Great Dismal Swamp maroons sun zauna a cikin fadama na Great Dismal Swamp a Virginia da North Carolina. Kodayake yanayin yana da wahala, bincike ya nuna cewa dubban mutane sun zauna a can tsakanin kimanin 1700 da 1860s.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Maris-Wolf |first1=Ted |title=Hidden in Plain Sight: Maroon Life and Labor in Virginia's Dismal Swamp |journal=Slavery &amp; Abolition |date=September 2013 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=446–464 |doi=10.1080/0144039X.2012.734090 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 August 2017 |title=The Great Dismal Swamp |url=https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/great-dismal-swamp/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121121204/https://99percentinvisible.org/episode/great-dismal-swamp/ |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=22 May 2025 |website=99% Invisible |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Kudancin Amurka ===

==== Brazil ====

Ɗaya daga cikin ''quilombos'' (matsugunan Maroon) da aka fi sani a Brazil shine Palmares (Ƙasar Dabino) kusa da Recife, wanda aka kafa a kusan 1600. ''Quilombo dos Palmares'' al'umma ce mai cin gashin kai ta bayin da suka tsere daga matsugunan Fotigal a Brazil, &quot;yankin wataƙila girman Fotigal a cikin ƙasar Bahia&quot;. Wani ɓangare na dalilin girman Palmares shine saboda wurin da yake a tsakiyar tsakanin Tekun Atlantika da Guinea, wani yanki mai mahimmanci na cinikin bayi na Afirka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Braudel |first=Fernand |title=Civilization and Capitalism |date=1984 |volume=III |page=390 |chapter=The Perspective of the World}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da yake kan ganiyarsa, yana da yawan jama'a sama da mutane 30,000 masu 'yanci kuma Sarki Zumbi ne ya mulke shi.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=185}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Décio|first=Freitas|title=Palmares: A Guerra dos Escravos|trans-title=Palmares: The Slave War|edition=4|language=pt-br|location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil|publisher=Graal|date=1982|pages=123–132}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zumbi da Ganga Zumba su ne shugabannin yaƙi biyu da aka fi sani na Palmares waɗanda suka fatattaki hukumomin mulkin mallaka na Holland sannan kuma na Fotigal.{{sfn|Kent|1996|pp=186–187}}

A cikin 1612, Fotigal sun yi ƙoƙari a banza su mamaye Palmares a cikin balaguron da ya kasance mai tsada sosai.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=175}} A cikin 1640, wata tawagar leƙen asiri ta Holland ta gano cewa al'ummar Palmares mai 'yanci ta bazu a matsuguni biyu, tare da kimanin 6,000 da ke zaune a wuri ɗaya da kuma wasu 5,000 a wani wuri. Balaguron Holland game da Palmares a cikin 1640s sun kasance marasa nasara.{{sfn|Kent|1996|pp=177–179}} Tsakanin 1672 da 1694, Palmares ya jure, a matsakaita, balaguron Fotigal kusan kowace shekara.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=172}} Bayan da ya ci gaba da kasancewarsa mai cin gashin kai kusan tsawon shekara ɗari, a ƙarshe Fotigal sun ci shi a 1694.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=185}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Daga cikin manyan ''quilombos'' 10 a mulkin mallaka na Brazil, bakwai an halaka su cikin shekaru biyu da kafuwarsu. Huɗu sun faɗi a jihar Bahia a 1632, 1636, 1646 da 1796. Sauran ukun sun gamu da irin wannan kaddara a Rio a 1650, Parahyba a 1731, da Piumhy a 1758.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=R. K.|last=Kent|chapter=Palmares: An African State in Brazil|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|editor-first=Richard|editor-last=Price|location=Baltimore, Maryland|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996|page=172}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wani ''quilombo'' a Minas Gerais ya daɗe daga 1712 zuwa 1719. Wani kuma, &quot;Carlota&quot; na Mato Grosso, an shafe shi bayan ya kasance na tsawon shekaru 25, daga 1770 zuwa 1795.{{sfn|Kent|1996|p=172}} Hakanan akwai wasu ƙananan ''quilombos''. An fara bayar da rahoton ''quilombo'' a 1575 a Bahia. An ba da rahoton wani ''quilombo'' a Bahia a farkon ƙarni na 17. Tsakanin 1737 zuwa 1787, wani ƙaramin ''quilombo'' ya bunƙasa a kewayen São Paulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Roger|last=Bastide|chapter=The Other Quilombos|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|editor-first=Richard|editor-last=Price|location=Baltimore, Maryland|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996|pages=191–192}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yankin Campo Grande da São Francisco galibi ''quilombos'' ne ke zaune a ciki. A cikin 1741, Jean Ferreira ya shirya wani balaguro game da ''quilombo'', amma yawancin masu gudu sun tsere daga kamawa. A cikin 1746, wani balaguro mai zuwa ya kama mambobi 120 na ''quilombo''. A cikin 1752, wani balaguro wanda Pere Marcos ya jagoranta ya fuskanci hari daga mayakan ''quilombo'', wanda ya haifar da asarar rayuka masu yawa.{{sfn|Bastide|1996|p=193}}

''Quilombos'' sun ci gaba da kafuwa a ƙarni na 19. A cikin 1810, an gano wani ''quilombo'' a Linhares a jihar São Paulo. Shekaru goma bayan haka, an sami wani a Minas. A cikin 1828, an gano wani ''quilombo'' a Cahuca, kusa da Recife, kuma bayan shekara guda an shirya balaguro game da wani a Corcovado, kusa da Rio de Janeiro. A cikin 1855, an lalata ''quilombo'' na Maravilha a Amazonas.{{sfn|Bastide|1996|p=195}} Yawancin zuriyar mazaunan Quilombo, ko Quilombola, suna ci gaba da zama a matsugunan quilombo na tarihi bayan 'yanci. An gane matsayinsu a matsayin &quot;mutanen gargajiya&quot; a cikin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Brazil na 1988, kodayake suna ci gaba da yaƙi don haƙƙin mallakar filaye da kariya daga tashin hankali.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}

==== Colombia ====
{{One source section
| date = May 2025
}}{{Main|Afro-Venezuela#Tarihi}}

A cikin 1529, a abin da yanzu ake kira Colombia, bayin masu tawaye sun lalata Santa Marta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|35}} Bayin da suka tsere sun kafa al'ummomi masu cin gashin kai tare da nesa na Tekun Pasifik, bayan isa ga mulkin mallaka. A farkon ƙarni na 17, wata ƙungiyar masu gudu sun kafa ''palenque'' a wajen Kogin Magdalena. Daga ƙarshe, a cikin 1654, gwamnan Cartegena de Indias, Don Pedro Zapata, ya ci nasara kuma ya mallaki wannan al'ummar Maroons masu gudu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escalante1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Aquiles|last=Escalante|chapter=Palenques in Colombia|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|76–77}}

A abin da yanzu ake kira gundumar Popayán, an kafa ''palenque'' na Castillo da nasara ta hanyar bayin da suka gudu. A cikin 1732, hukumomin Spain sun yi ƙoƙari su tabbatar da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da Maroons na Castillo ta hanyar saka wani sashe da ke buƙatar su mayar da masu gudu, amma masu mulkin Castillo sun ƙi waɗannan sharuɗɗa. A cikin 1745, hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun ci nasara a Castillo, kuma sama da 200 na Afirka da Indiya masu gudu sun mika wuya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escalante1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|76}}

A farkon ƙarni na 17, an kafa al'ummar Maroon ta San Basilio de Palenque, lokacin da Benkos Biohó ya jagoranci wata ƙungiyar masu gudu kimanin 30 cikin dazuzzuka, kuma ya ci nasara a kan ƙoƙarin da aka yi na mallaka su. Biohó ya ayyana kansa Sarki Benkos, kuma ''palenque'' ɗin sa na San Basilio ya ja hankalin ɗimbin masu gudu don shiga al'ummarsa. Maroons ɗinsa sun ci nasara a balaguron farko da aka tura musu, inda suka kashe shugabansu Juan Gomez. Mutanen Spain sun cimma yarjejeniya da Biohó, amma daga baya suka kama shi a 1619, suka zarge shi da shirya makirci game da Spain, kuma suka rataye shi. Amma masu gudu sun ci gaba da tserewa zuwa 'yanci a San Basilio.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escalante1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|79–80}}

A cikin 1696, hukumomin mulkin mallaka sun mallaki wani tawaye a San Basilio de Palenque, kuma kuma tsakanin 1713 da 1717. Daga ƙarshe, Mutanen Spain sun amince da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da ''palenque'' na San Basilio, kuma a cikin 1772, an haɗa wannan al'ummar Maroons cikin gundumar Mahates, muddin ba su sake karɓar ƙarin masu gudu ba. Al'ummar San Basilio, inda ake magana da yaren Palenquero na creole, tana ɗaya daga cikin da yawa da har yanzu suke wanzuwa tare da gabar Caribbean.&lt;ref name=&quot;Escalante1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|79–80}}

==== Ecuador ====

Baya ga bayin da suka tsere, waɗanda suka tsira daga jiragen ruwa da suka rushe sun kafa al'ummomi masu cin gashin kai tare da koguna na arewacin gabar teku kuma sun haɗu da al'ummomin 'yan asali a yankunan da ba su kai ga mulkin mallaka ba. Za a iya bambanta al'ummomi daban-daban daga ''cantones'' Cojimies y Tababuela, Esmeraldas, Limones.{{Citation needed|date=May 2025}}
==== Guianas ====

[[File:Saramaka-1910.jpg|thumb|180px|Mutumin Saramaka, hoto c. 1910]] [[File:Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute Objectnumber 10024950 Portret van drie Marron mannen en een.jpg|thumb|upright|Maza Maroons a Suriname, an ɗauki hoto tsakanin 1910 da 1935]]

Marronage ya kasance ruwan dare a Burtaniya, Holland, da Faransanci Guiana, kuma a yau zuriyar Maroons suna da kusan kashi 15% na yawan jama'ar Suriname na yanzu&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuipers2005&quot;/&gt; da kashi 22% a Faransanci Guiana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |url=https://s24.q4cdn.com/382246808/files/doc_downloads/2021/06/French-Guiana-Maroons-June-7-2021.pdf |title=Maroons in French Guiana: History, culture, demographics, and socioeconomic development along the Maroni and Lawa Rivers |last1=Bellardie |first1=Tristan |last2=Heemskerk |first2=Marieke |date=May 2019 |publisher=Newmont |location=Denver, Colorado}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin Guianas, bayin da suka tsere, waɗanda aka fi sani da 'Bushinengues', sun gudu zuwa cikin ƙasa kuma sun haɗu da 'yan asali kuma sun kirkiro ƙabilu masu cin gashin kansu, daga cikinsu akwai Saramaka, Paramaka, Ndyuka (Aukan), Kwinti, Aluku (Boni), da Matawai.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book|chapter=The Guianas|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|295,}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Price |first=Richard |title=The Guiana Maroons: A Historical and Bibliographical Introduction |date=1976 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-1840-0 |location=Baltimore, Maryland |oclc=2121443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin mulkin mallaka na Suriname, wanda Ingila ta ba wa Netherlands a cikin Yarjejeniyar Breda (1667), bayin da suka tsere sun yi tawaye kuma sun fara gina ƙauyukan su daga ƙarshen ƙarni na 17. Kamar yadda yawancin gonaki suka wanzu a yankin gabashin ƙasar, kusa da Kogin Commewijne da Kogin Marowijne, marronage ya faru tare da iyakokin kogin kuma wani lokaci a kan iyakokin Faransanci Guiana. A shekara ta 1740, Maroons sun kafa kabilu kuma sun ji ƙarfi sosai don kalubalanci masu mulkin Holland, suna tilasta musu su sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya. A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1760, Ndyuka sun fara sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, wanda tsohon bawa dan Jamaica Adyáko Benti Basiton na Boston, Suriname ya tsara, yana ba su cin gashin kai na yanki a 1760.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Ndyuka Treaty Of 1760: A Conversation with Granman Gazon |url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/ndyuka-treaty-1760-conversation-granman-gazon |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Cultural Survival |date=28 April 2010 |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1770s, Aluku ma suna son yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, amma Ƙungiyar Suriname ta fara yaƙi da su,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1916 |title=Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië - Page 154 - Boschnegers |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/benj004ency01_01/benj004ency01_01.pdf |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Digital Library for Dutch Literature |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya haifar da tserewa zuwa Faransanci Guiana.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=September 1989 |title=The Aluku and the Communes in French Guiana |url=https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/aluku-and-communes-french-guiana |access-date=21 July 2020 |website=Cultural Survival}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sauran kabilun sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tare da gwamnatin Surinamese, Kwinti shine na ƙarshe a 1887.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Hoogbergen |first1=Wim |date=1992 |title=Origins of the Suriname Kwinti Maroons |journal=New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids |volume=66 |issue=1–2 |pages=27–59 |doi=10.1163/13822373-90002003 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 25 ga Mayu, 1891 Aluku sun zama 'yan ƙasar Faransa a hukumance.&lt;ref name=&quot;parc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Parcours La Source |url=http://www.parc-amazonien-guyane.fr/fr/download/file/fid/5438 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231090332/https://www.parc-amazonien-guyane.fr/fr/download/file/fid/5438 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |access-date=1 June 2020 |website=Parc-Amazonien-Guyane |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan da Suriname ta sami 'yancin kai daga Netherlands, an soke tsoffin yarjejeniyoyi tare da Bushinengues. A cikin 1980s Bushinengues a Suriname sun fara fafutukar neman haƙƙin mallakar filayensu.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.corteidh.or.cr/docs/casos/articulos/seriec_172_ing.pdf Case of the Saramaka People v. Suriname, Judgment of November 28, 2007], Kotun Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta Amurka (''La Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos''), an shiga 21 ga Mayu, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin 1986 da 1992,&lt;ref name=&quot;peace&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Boven |first=Karin M. |year=2006 |title=Overleven in een grensgebied: Veranderingsprocessen bij de Wayana in Suriname en Frans-Guyana - Page 207 |url=https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/15288/full.pdf |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Rozenberg Publishers}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sojojin Cikin Gida na Suriname sun yi yaƙi da Jungle Commando, ƙungiyar 'yan ta'adda da ke fafutukar neman haƙƙin 'yan tsiraru na Maroon, game da mulkin soja na Dési Bouterse.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=French |first1=Howard W |title=To Suriname Refugees, Truce Means Betrayal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/world/to-suriname-refugees-truce-means-betrayal.html |access-date=14 June 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=14 April 1991 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2005, bayan yanke hukunci daga Kotun Haƙƙin Bil'adama ta Amurka, gwamnatin Suriname ta amince da biyan diyya ga waɗanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi na ƙauyen Moiwana na 1986, inda sojoji suka kashe mutane 39 marasa makami na Ndyuka, galibi mata da yara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuipers2005&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kuipers |first1=Ank |title=Villagers return to site of 1986 Suriname massacre |url=https://www.forestpeoples.org/en/topics/legal-human-rights/publication/2010/villagers-return-site-1986-suriname-massacre |access-date=14 June 2018 |work=Forest Peoples Programme |agency=Reuters |date=30 November 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 13 ga Yuni, 2020, Ronnie Brunswijk an zaɓe shi Mataimakin Shugaban Suriname ta hanyar amincewa a zaɓen da ba a fafata ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/|title=Live blog: Verkiezing president en vicepresident Suriname|website=De Ware Tijd|access-date=13 July 2020|language=nl|archive-date=15 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115220444/http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/13/live-blog-verkiezing-president-en-vicepresident-suriname/}}&lt;/ref&gt; An rantsar da shi a ranar 16 ga Yuli&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2020/07/12/inauguratie-nieuwe-president-van-suriname-op-onafhankelijkheidsplein/|title=Inauguratie nieuwe president van Suriname op Onafhankelijkheidsplein|website=Waterkant|access-date=13 July 2020|language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Maroon na farko a Suriname da ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin shugaban ƙasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/12/marronorganisaties-blij-met-brunswijk-als-vp-kandidaat/|title=Marronorganisaties blij met Brunswijk als vp-kandidaat|website=De Ware Tijd|access-date=13 July 2020|language=nl|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124121655/http://dwtonline.com/laatste-nieuws/2020/07/12/marronorganisaties-blij-met-brunswijk-als-vp-kandidaat/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A Guyana ta zamani, jami'an Holland a 1744 sun gudanar da balaguro game da sansanonin Maroons aƙalla 300 a yankin Arewa maso Yamma na Essequibo. Hollandawa sun kafa hannaye da aka yanke na Maroons da aka kashe a balaguron zuwa sanduna a cikin mulkin a matsayin gargaɗi ga sauran bayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Alvin O. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/49332819 |title=Maroons of Guyana: Some Problems of Slave Desertion in Guyana, {{circa|1750–1814}} |date=1999 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=976-8178-03-5 |location=Georgetown, Guyana |pages=15, 21 |oclc=49332819}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1782, wani jami'in Faransa a yankin ya kiyasta cewa akwai fiye da 2,000 Maroons a kewayen Berbice, Demerara, da Essequibo.{{sfn|Thompson|1976|p=16}}

==== Venezuela ====
Akwai tawaye da dama na bayi a cikin tarihin abin da daga baya ya zama Venezuela.&lt;ref name=&quot;Franco1996&quot;/&gt;{{Rp|37}} Ta yankin Barlovento, mutane da yawa masu 'yanci da kuma bayin da suka tsere sun kafa al'ummomi, waɗanda aka sani da ''cumbes''. Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun waɗannan matsugunan shine Curiepe, inda ake gudanar da Fiesta de San Juan a kowace shekara. Wani kuma shine ''cumbe'' na Ocoyta, wanda Guillermo Ribas mai gudu ke jagoranta, wanda aka ruwaito ya shiga cikin hare-hare da dama a kan garuruwan Chuspa da Panaquire da ke maƙwabta. Waɗannan Maroons na Venezuela kuma suna cinikin koko. Guillermo ya gudu a 1768, kuma ya kafa ''cumbe'' wanda ya haɗa da masu gudu na asalin Afirka da Indiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Acosta1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Miguel|last=Acosta Saignes|chapter=Life in a Venezuelan Cumbe|editor-last=Price|editor-first=Richard|title=Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas|location=Baltimore|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|date=1996}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Rp|65–67}}

An lalata ''cumbe'' na Ocoyta a ƙarshe a 1771. Wani balaguro na soja wanda German de Aguilera ya jagoranta ya lalata matsugunin, inda ya kashe Guillermo, amma ya yi nasara ne kawai wajen kama manya takwas da yara biyu. Ragowar masu gudu sun koma cikin dazuzzukan da ke kewaye, inda suka ci gaba da zama a ɓoye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Acosta1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|64–65}} Ɗaya daga cikin mataimakan Guillermo, Ubaldo ɗan Ingila, wanda sunansa na baftisma shine Jose Eduardo de la Luz Perera, an haife shi bawa a London, an sayar da shi ga wani kyaftin na jirgi, kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da dama kafin a ba shi 'yanci a ƙarshe. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane da yawa masu baƙar fata masu 'yanci waɗanda suka shiga al'ummar Ocoyta. A cikin 1772, hukumomin Spain suka kama shi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Acosta1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|70–71}}

Akwai ''cumbes'' da yawa a cikin ƙasar mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1810, lokacin da Yaƙin Neman 'Yanci ya fara, yawancin mambobin waɗannan ''cumbes'' sun yi yaƙi a bangaren masu tawaye, kuma sun bar ƙauyukansu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Acosta1996&quot; /&gt;{{Rp|72–73}}

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Majiya ==

=== Rubutu ===

*[https://archive.org/details/historyofmaroons02dalliala/page/n8?q=%22halifax%2C+Nova+Scotia%22 History of the Maroons]
* [[Russell Banks]] (1980), ''The Book of Jamaica''.
* Campbell, Mavis Christine (1988), ''The Maroons of Jamaica, 1655–1796: a history of resistance, collaboration &amp; betrayal'', Granby, Mass.: Bergin &amp; Garvey. {{ISBN|0-89789-148-1}}
* Corzo, Gabino La Rosa (2003), ''Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression'' (translated by Mary Todd), Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. {{ISBN|0-8078-2803-3}}
* [[Robert Charles Dallas|Dallas, R. C.]] ''The History of the Maroons, from Their Origin to the Establishment of Their Chief Tribe at Sierra Leone''. 2 vols. London: Longman. 1803.
* De Granada, Germán (1970), ''Cimarronismo, palenques y Hablas &quot;Criollas&quot; en Hispanoamérica'' Instituto Caro y Cuero, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/37821053 OCLC 37821053] (in Spanish)
* Diouf, Sylviane A. (2014), ''Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons'', New York: NYU Press, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-2437-8}}
* Honychurch, Lennox (1995), ''The Dominica Story'', London: Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-333-62776-8}} (Includes extensive chapters on the Maroons of Dominica)
* Hoogbergen, Wim S. M. Brill (1997), ''The Boni Maroon Wars in Suriname'', Academic Publishers. {{ISBN|90-04-09303-6}}
* Learning, Hugo Prosper (1995), ''Hidden Americans: Maroons of Virginia and the Carolinas'' Garland Publishing, New York, {{ISBN|0-8153-1543-0}}
* Price, Richard (ed.) (1973), ''Maroon Societies: rebel slave communities in the Americas'', Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books. {{ISBN|0-385-06508-6}}
*Schwaller, Robert, ed. ''African Maroons in Sixteenth-Century Panama: A History in Documents.'' University of Oklahoma Press, 2021.
* Thompson, Alvin O. (2006), ''Flight to Freedom: African runaways and maroons in the Americas'' University of West Indies Press, Kingston, Jamaica, {{ISBN|976-640-180-2}}
*{{cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=Alvin O. |title=Some Problems of Slave Desertion in Guyana, C. 1750-1814 |date=1976 |publisher=Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies |page=16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mJm4AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%222,000%20Maroons%22%20%22French%20official%22}}
* van Velzen, H.U.E. Thoden and van Wetering, Wilhelmina (2004), ''In the Shadow of the Oracle: Religion as Politics in a Suriname Maroon Society'', Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. {{ISBN|1-57766-323-3}}
== Mahaɗa ==

{{Commons category|Maroons}}
* {{cite web|author=Chaglar, Alkan |website=toplumpostasi.net |url=http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English |title=The World of Surinam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928061031/http://www.toplumpostasi.net/index.php/cat/9/col/85/art/1008/PageName/English |archive-date=28 September 2007}} (The Maroons, Hindustanis and others of Surinam.)
* {{cite web|url=http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834 |title=Society-BUSH-NEGROES: Culture summary |author=Lagace, Robert O. |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212555/http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/ethnoatlas/hmar/cult_dir/culture.7834 |archive-date=12 March 2014 }} A good short history of the &quot;Bush Negroes&quot; of Suriname.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.kingbotho.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040421170257/http://kingbotho.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=21 April 2004 |website=Kingbotho|author=Mosis, André |title= Articles on Suriname Maroons and their culture in Dutch and English}}
* {{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/The+Maroon+culture+of+endurance.-a08929661 |title=The Maroon Culture of Endurance |author=Reidell, Helen Reidell|work=Américas |volume= 42|date= January–February 1990|pages=46–49}} (A history of Jamaican Maroons.)
* {{cite web|website=Smithsonian|url=http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/presentation.htm|title=Creativity and Resistance: Maroon Cultures in the Americas|author=Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES) in collaboration with the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, with the support of the Special Exhibition Fund of the Smithsonian Institution|date=March 1999|access-date=2025-06-30|archive-date=2004-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041206195046/http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/maroon/presentation.htm|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.folkways.si.edu/music-from-aluku-maroon-sounds-of-struggle-solace-and-survival/world/album/smithsonian |title=Music from Aluku: Maroon Sounds of Struggle, Solace, and Survival|website=Smithsonian Folkways|author=Various artists}}
*[https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/portchester-castle/history-and-stories/black-prisoners-at-portchester/ ''Black Prisoners of War at Porchester Castle'']
*[https://amazonteam.org/maps/lands-of-freedom ''Lands of Freedom: the oral histories and cultural heritage of the Matawai Maroons in Suriname'']</text>
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    <title>Mirna El Helbawi</title>
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'''Mirna El Helbawi''' ( Arabic   ) ƴar jarida ƴar ƙasar Masar ce, marubuci, faifan bidiyo kuma mai fafutuka. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vo |first=Lam Thuy |date=7 November 2023 |title='Let Me Tell Them Goodbye Before They Get Killed': How eSIM Cards Are Connecting Palestinian Families – The Markup |url=https://themarkup.org/news/2023/11/07/let-me-tell-them-goodbye-before-they-get-killed-how-esims-cards-are-connecting-palestinian-families |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115230937/https://themarkup.org/news/2023/11/07/let-me-tell-them-goodbye-before-they-get-killed-how-esims-cards-are-connecting-palestinian-families |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=themarkup.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Español |first=Marc |date=29 January 2024 |title=The Egyptians who have sent more than 130,000 digital cell phone cards to Gaza to defy blackouts |url=https://english.elpais.com/international/2024-01-29/the-egyptians-who-have-sent-more-than-130000-digital-cell-phone-cards-to-gaza-to-defy-blackouts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240320134414/https://english.elpais.com/international/2024-01-29/the-egyptians-who-have-sent-more-than-130000-digital-cell-phone-cards-to-gaza-to-defy-blackouts.html |archive-date=20 March 2024 |access-date=20 March 2024 |website=EL PAÍS English}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce ta kafa Connecting Humanity, kungiya mai zaman kanta wacce ke taimaka wa mutane a [[Zirin Gaza|Gaza]] su sake samun damar shiga intanet, ta amfani da eSIMs da aka ba da gudummawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Elassar |first=Alaa |last2=Tucker |first2=Emma |date=3 December 2023 |title=When Gaza lost phone and internet under Israeli attack, this activist found a way to get Palestinians back online |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/03/middleeast/gaza-palestinians-blackouts-power-airstrikes/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319065644/https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/03/middleeast/gaza-palestinians-blackouts-power-airstrikes/index.html |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; An zabe ta don lambar yabo ta Arab Journalism Award a 2016 kuma ta lashe lambar yabo ta Electronic Frontier Foundation don 'Championing internet access in Gaza' a 2024. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Egyptian writer Mirna El Helbawi on the fine line between journalism and humanism |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lifestyle/egyptian-writer-mirna-el-helbawi-on-the-fine-line-between-journalism-and-humanism?botrequest=true |access-date=2025-02-15 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-07-11 |title=EFF Awards 2024 |url=https://www.eff.org/event/eff-awards-2024 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Electronic Frontier Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haɗin Dan Adam ==
Hare-haren bama-bamai na Isra'ila, toshewar wutar lantarki da karancin man fetur ya janyo rugujewar gaba daya na manyan kamfanonin sadarwa na zirin Gaza.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shabana |first=Yasmin |date=2023-12-07 |title=Tens of thousands of Palestinians in Gaza are staying connected to the world via donated eSIMs |url=https://qz.com/tens-of-thousands-of-palestinians-in-gaza-are-staying-c-1851078107 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=Quartz |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; El Helbawi ya gano cewa za a iya amfani da eSIMs don sake haɗa mutane a Gaza ta hanyar ba su damar haɗi zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwar wayar hannu mai nisa a Isra'ila da Masar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?next=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fconnectinghumanity_%2F |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=www.instagram.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 January 2024 |title=Palestinians are using donated eSIM cards to stay in touch with the outside world |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/esim-card-gaza-palestine-israel-war-hamas-rcna134498 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319065644/https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/esim-card-gaza-palestine-israel-war-hamas-rcna134498 |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=How eSims are helping thousands in Gaza stay connected amid blackouts |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/11/21/1196978502/here-now-anytime-draft-11-21-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319070051/https://www.npr.org/2023/11/21/1196978502/here-now-anytime-draft-11-21-2023 |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=NPR}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mutane biyun farko da ta taimaka ta dawo kan layi ta hanyar eSIM sune ɗan jaridar Masar Ahmed El-Madhoun da 'yar jaridar Falasɗinawa [[Hind Khoudary|Hind Khoudyry]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hesham |first=Merna |date=19 March 2024 |title='Palestinians won't be silenced again!' : Egyptian journalist Mirna El-Helbawi initiative to get Gaza back online |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/511223.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319094556/https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/511223.aspx |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=Ahram Online}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Haɗin Dan Adam da'awar cewa, zuwa Disamba 2023, mutane 200,000 da ke zaune a Gaza (kusan 10% na yawan jama'a) sun sami hanyar intanet ta hanyar eSIM. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Labarin shirin ya bazu cikin sauri ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun, kuma ya zuwa Disamba an ba da gudummawar eSIM na dalar Amurka miliyan 1.3 ga Haɗin Dan Adam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 December 2023 |script-title=fa:ناشطة مصرية تقود مبادرة &quot;ربط غزة&quot; لتوفير الإنترنت للقطاع |url=https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2023/12/04/egyptian-activist-found-a-way-to-get-gaza-back-online |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401224505/https://arabic.cnn.com/middle-east/article/2023/12/04/egyptian-activist-found-a-way-to-get-gaza-back-online |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=arabic.cnn.com |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aikin wani yunƙuri ne na duniya, tare da mutane a ƙasashe kamar Amurka, Switzerland, da Pakistan suna ba da gudummawar eSIMs. Masu ba da gudummawa galibi suna amfani da Airalo da Kawai don ƙirƙirar eSIM waɗanda za a iya rarraba su a cikin Falasdinu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 February 2024 |script-title=fa:في ظل استمرار قطع الإنترنت.. كيف يتواصل الغزيون مع العالم؟ |url=https://felesteen.news/post/149495/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401221652/https://felesteen.news/post/149495/%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B8%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=1 April 2024 |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2024 Haɗin Bil'adama ya sami karbuwa ta lambar yabo ta Gidauniyar Wutar Lantarki ta Frontier don 'Ciyar da Samun Intanet a Gaza'. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Rubutu ==
An zabi El Helbawi don lambar yabo ta Larabawa ta Jarida a 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;enig&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Farida |date=8 December 2020 |title=Mirna El Helbawi |url=https://www.enigma-mag.com/mirna-el-helbawi/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319093502/https://www.enigma-mag.com/mirna-el-helbawi/ |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=eniGma Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin littafinta na farko, ''Mor Methl Al Qahwa, Helw Methl Al Chocola'' ( ''Bitter Like Coffee, Sweet Like Chocolate'' ) an buga shi a cikin 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;enig&quot; /&gt; sannan littafinta na biyu, ''Kundalini'', a cikin 2024. An daidaita littafin da babban allo wanda Menna Shalaby da [[Daffer L'Abidine|Dhafer L'Abidine]] suka shirya kuma Mohamed Salama ne ya ba da umarni. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mena Shalaby to India for &quot;Kundalini&quot; |url=https://news.sbisiali.com/en/news/article/mena-shalaby-to-india-for-kundalini |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Sbisiali News Portal |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=AlJadir |first=Raya |title=Egyptian writer Mirna El Helbawi on the fine line between journalism and humanism |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/lifestyle/egyptian-writer-mirna-el-helbawi-on-the-fine-line-between-journalism-and-humanism |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hakanan tana karbar bakuncin podcast ''Helbing'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2023 |title=Helbing on Apple Podcasts |url=https://podcasts.apple.com/eg/podcast/helbing/id1659293751 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319074640/https://podcasts.apple.com/eg/podcast/helbing/id1659293751 |archive-date=19 March 2024 |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=Apple Podcasts |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://connecting-humanity.org Haɗin yanar gizon Humanity]
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Ƴar jarida]]
[[Rukuni:Marubuciya]]</text>
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    <title>Michelle Dilhara</title>
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{{Databox}}

'''Hatharasinghege Michelle Dilhara''' (Sinhala; an haife ta a ranar 1 ga Mayu 1996) 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ce kuma mai kula da muhalli ta [[Sri Lanka]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 April 2019 |title=Actress Michelle dilhara |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/birthday/2019-05-01-000000/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1-%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F |access-date=25 April 2019 |language=si}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 April 2020 |title=Actress Michelle Dilhara films |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9450804/ |access-date=25 April 2020 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin a Sri Lanka, Dilhara an fi saninta da rawar Ayoma a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Sudu Andagena Kalu Awidin''   Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, tana kuma shiga cikin ayyukan agaji daban-daban kuma mai fafutukar zamantakewa ce kuma marubuciya.&lt;ref name=&quot;m1996&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 January 2018 |title=Michelle Dilhara A blend of altruism and talent |url=https://ceylontoday.lk/site-api/uploads/e_paper/GLAMOUR-20-05-2018.pdf |access-date=13 January 2018 |publisher=[[Ceylon Today]] |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408013949/https://ceylontoday.lk/site-api/uploads/e_paper/GLAMOUR-20-05-2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chose me for a non-dialogue main character Michelle Dilhara |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/interviews/2019/05/02/4931/දෙබස්-නැති-ප්%E2%80%8Dරධාන-චරිතයකට-මාව-තෝරාගෙන |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=sarasaviya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019 Dilhara ta sami lambar yabo ta Matasa ta Kasa a taron matasa na duniya da aka gudanar a New Delhi, Indiya don littafinta Social Invisibility is not a Fiction, it Exists and for her &quot;Theory of Alternative Social Cogwheel&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Alternative123&quot;/&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;My life&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 May 2019 |title=My life is also like Arthur Fleck's in Joker Film |url=http://www.deshaya.lk/article/52/%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB/13968/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA-%E0%B6%85%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A--%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F--- |access-date=8 Dec 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2020 Dilhara ta lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Raigam Tele'es saboda rawar da ta taka a cikin jerin ''Sudu Andagena Kalu Awidin'' .  Don wannan rawar, ta kuma lashe kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 2019 Sumathi Awards,  tare da lashe lambar yabo ta 15 ta Sri Lankan Television State Awards a 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=31 March 2021 |title='Veeraya Gedara Awaith' won big at Sumathi Awards 2020 |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/news-teledramas/2021/04/01/20153/වීරයා-ගෙදර-ඇවිත්-සුමති-සම්මාන-දිනාගනී |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=Sarasaviya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2020, an zabi Dilhara a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 26th Sumathi Awards don rawar da ta taka a matsayin Mahimi a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin Can You Hear Me . A cikin 2021, an zabi ta a matsayin 'Yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyawun tallafi a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Raigam Tele'es don jerin shirye-aikacen talabijin ''Pork Veediya'' sannan aka zaba a matsayin 'Yan wasan kwaikwayo mafi Kyawun Sumathi don jerin Podu 2. A cikin 2022, an sake zabar ta don kyautar 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a Raigam Tele'es don jerin ''Lokaa'' . A shekara ta 2024, ta lashe lambar yabo ta Teledrama mafi mashahuriyar lambar yabo ta matasa a Popular Awards don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Lalai Lilai Lai'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2025 |title=Michelle Dilhara, sharp as a tack, smart as a whip |url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2024/09/29/youth-observer/33478/michelle-dilhara-sharp-as-a-tack-smart-as-a-whip-2/ |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=Sunday Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A halin yanzu, tana taka rawar da take takawa a matsayin Jakadan Ranar Duniya na Sri Lanka. Har ila yau, ita ma mai ba da shawara ce kuma mai gabatar da Net zero da tsaka-tsaki na Carbon. Ta yi aiki tare da Jakadan Koriya Santhuth Woonjin Jeong don ƙirƙirar tsarin don aiwatar da Manufar Ci Gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa 13, shirin ci gaba a cikin Ofishin Jakadancin Koriya a Sri Lanka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Korean ambassador Santhush Woonjin Jeong joined hands with Earth Day network ambassador Michelle Dilhara for a green initiative. |url=https://www.wtnzfox43.com/story/44277153/korean-ambassador-santhush-woonjin-jeong-joined-hands-with-earth-day-network-ambassador-michelle-dilhara-for-a-green-initiative |access-date=2021-09-28 |website=www.wtnzfox43.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127111830/https://www.wtnzfox43.com/story/44277153/korean-ambassador-santhush-woonjin-jeong-joined-hands-with-earth-day-network-ambassador-michelle-dilhara-for-a-green-initiative |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Go Green Embassy Initiative 상세보기{{!}}Embassy Notice Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka |url=https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/lk-en/brd/m_2309/view.do?seq=759931 |access-date=2021-09-28 |website=overseas.mofa.go.kr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Pawtucket |title=Korean ambassador Santhush Woonjin Jeong joined hands with Earth Day network ambassador Michelle Dilhara for a green initiative. |url=https://www.pawtuckettimes.com/financial-page.html |access-date=2021-09-28 |website=Pawtucket Times |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
An haife ta ne a ranar 1 ga Mayu [https://evoogo.com/michelle-dilhara-wiki-height-age-boyfriend-family-biography-more/ 1996]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}  a Ragama a matsayin babba cikin 'yan uwa uku. Tana da 'yan'uwa mata biyu: Mishen Prasadika da Rochelle Fiona . Mahaifinta, Hatharasinghege Premawardena, ɗan kasuwa ne kuma mahaifiyarta, E. Jean Stella Fernando, uwar gida ce. Ta fara karatunta daga Makarantar Kasa da Kasa ta Negombo ta Kudu sannan ta koma Kwalejin 'yan mata ta Newstead, Negombo don G.C.E O / L da A / L.

A lokacin makaranta, yana da shekaru 11, Dilhara ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo da Karate-do-Shitokai a karkashin Sensei Rohan P. Udayakumara . A halin yanzu, ta kuma shiga gasar zakarun Karate da yawa na gida da na duniya kuma ta lashe lambobin yabo da yawa. A shekara ta 2010, ta lashe lambar zinare a gasar cin kofin duniya ta Gōjū-ryū Karate Open .

Dilhara a halin yanzu tana karatu don Digiri na waje a cikin IT da kuma Babban Diploma na Kasa a cikin Psychology. Har ila yau, tana bin darasi a kan Tsarin Kula da Kulawa don Ci gaban Yara a ƙarƙashin Babban Malami Duminda Guruge, a Jami'ar Rajarata ta Sri Lanka.

== Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo ==
Dilhara ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta makarantar inda ta fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a matakin makaranta a lokuta da yawa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 March 2019 |title=Michelle has been changed |url=http://www.mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/1126 |access-date=30 March 2019 |publisher=[[Mawbima]] |language=si |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330004834/http://www.mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/1126 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan kammala jarrabawar A / L, ta shiga Kwalejin Abhina da tsohuwar mai zane Anoja Weerasinghe ta gudanar a watan Yulin 2016. A cewar Dilhara, Weerasinghe ita ce mai ba da shawara ta farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo, inda ta koyi yoga da kuma sarrafa murya da fuska. Daga baya a watan Oktoba 2016, ta shiga makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta Damayanthi Fonseka don ƙarin ilimi bisa ga daidaitawar motsin rai da daidaita halin mutum a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan sai ta shiga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Abhiranga Negombo, wacce Randika Wimalasooriya ta jagoranta a watan Yunin 2017 don ci gaba da koyon wasan kwaikwayo da wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin, ta sami damar yin karatun fasaha daga Daraktan gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Indiya, Ujjwal Singha

=== Talabijin ===
A cikin 2016, Dilhara ta fara fitowa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Ded Sinai Adare wanda Saranga Mendis ya jagoranta. Daga nan sai ta yi aiki a cikin shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Salsapuna'' wanda Nalan Mendis ya jagoranta kuma aka watsa shi a talabijin din Sirasa, wanda ya sa ta ci gaba a cikin aikin wasan kwaikwayo. An zaba ta ne don rawar &quot;Preethiwa&quot; wanda aka fi sani da &quot;Podi Paththarakari&quot; ta Sandhya Mendis, Shugaban Susila Productions. Kodayake an gabatar da halin a tsakiyar jerin, ya shahara sosai a tsakanin jama'a. A wannan lokacin, sai ta bayyana tare da rawar da ta taka a wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Mobile ''Dhara'', wanda Susila Productions ta samar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2017 |title=I meditate 20 minutes everyday |url=http://navaliya.com/2017/05/22/artworld1.html |access-date=22 May 2017 |publisher=[[Navaliya]] |archive-date=14 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714223332/http://www.navaliya.com/2017/05/22/artworld1.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sarasaviya.lk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2017 |title=A family that is aligned to be one family |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/teles/?fn=sa17100510 |access-date=5 October 2017 |language=si}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2017, an zaɓi Dilhara zuwa jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Poori'' wanda Ranil Kulasinghe ya jagoranta, wanda aka watsa shi a gidan talabijin mai zaman kansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 January 2018 |title=Menaka's latest teledrama Poori |url=http://starfriends.lk/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8-%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93/ |access-date=13 January 2018 |publisher=starfriends}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jerin, ta taka rawar yarinya mai suna ''Maali'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2017 |title=Poori Teledrama On-Location |url=http://www.saaravita.lk/On-location/605966/poori-teledrama-on-location |access-date=16 April 2018 |publisher=Saaravita}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan shekarar, an jefa ta don wasan kwaikwayo na ''Bodhi'', wanda Sanjaya Nirmal ya jagoranta. An watsa shi a gidan talabijin na Sirasa, inda Dilhara ta taka rawar &quot;Goddess Kali&quot;. A ƙarshen 2017, ta bayyana a cikin jerin ''Emy'' a matsayin mai suna &quot;Emy&quot;. Sanjaya Nirmal ne ya ba da umarnin kuma an watsa shi a gidan talabijin na ITN. Halin ta ya shahara sosai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 April 2019 |title=EMY a new path to children's teledrmas. |url=http://www.mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/1393 |access-date=20 April 2019 |publisher=[[Mawbima]] |language=si |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420091717/http://www.mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/1393 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2018, ta yi aiki a cikin shahararren jerin Sidu da aka watsa a gidan Talabijin na Derana kuma Thilina Boralessa ta ba da umarni. Ta yi aiki a matsayin &quot;mala'ika mai haske&quot;, wanda ya taimaka kuma ya kare Sidu yayin tafiyarsa tare da ƙaramin ɗan majami'a Soratha . &lt;ref name=&quot;m1996&quot;/&gt; A wannan lokacin, ta yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na fiction na kimiyya ''Thuththiri'', tare da rawar &quot;Urmila&quot; wanda Sanjaya Nirmal ya jagoranta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 November 2017 |title=&quot;Thuththiri&quot; New Sinhala Mega Teledrama To Make Way To Small Screen Soon |url=http://www.asianmirror.lk/entertainment/item/26188-thuththiri-new-sinhala-mega-teledrama-to-make-way-to-small-screen-soon |access-date=24 November 2017 |publisher=Asianmirror |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034157/http://www.asianmirror.lk/entertainment/item/26188-thuththiri-new-sinhala-mega-teledrama-to-make-way-to-small-screen-soon |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sarasaviya.lk&quot;/&gt; An kuma dauki wasan kwaikwayon a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Sifi a Sri Lanka.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 2018 |title=Fans expect different concepts |url=http://www.dinamina.lk/2018/08/14/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C/58517/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F |access-date=14 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dinamina]] |language=si |archive-date=15 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815154716/http://www.dinamina.lk/2018/08/14/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C/58517/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%85%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 October 2017 |title=Young Lankan actress Michelle Dilhara seeks immortality but for others' sake |url=http://menafn.com/1095947111/Young-Lankan-actress-Michelle-Dilhara-seeks-immortality-but-for-others-sake |access-date=27 November 2017 |publisher=Middle East North Africa Financial Network, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019, Dilhara ta yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin da yawa a cikin nau'o'i da yawa. Ta yi aiki a cikin shahararren jerin ''Sudu Andagena Kalu Awidin'' da aka watsa a Kamfanin Sri Lanka Rupavahini, wanda Sunil Costa ya jagoranta. An yaba da jerin kuma sun lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a bukukuwan kyautar talabijin na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 June 2019 |title=Sudu Andagena Kalu Awdin created with a great difficulty |url=http://mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/2352 |access-date=29 June 2019 |publisher=[[Mawbima]] |language=si |archive-date=2 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702234218/http://mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/2352 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jerin, Dilhara ta taka rawar &quot;Ayoma&quot;, wacce yarinya ce da ke fuskantar wahalar rayuwa. Wannan ya nuna babban rawar da ta taka a talabijin, inda ta lashe kyaututtuka uku na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai zuwa a Raigam Tele'es da State Television Awards.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mawbima&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 March 2019 |title=Sudu Andagena Kalu Avidin in sri lanka Rupavahini Corporation |url=http://www.mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/1003 |access-date=23 March 2019 |publisher=[[Mawbima]] |language=si |archive-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327030825/http://www.mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/1003 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 May 2019 |title=I'm not doing anything to maintain my popularity |url=http://www.resa.lk/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%9A%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C/2019/may/07/10887/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BA-%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B8-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99-%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%91-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F |access-date=7 May 2019 |publisher=Resa }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin jerin ''Haratha Hera'' wanda Chandika Wijayasena ya jagoranta. Ta taka rawar yarinya mai arziki mai suna Pabasara .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 February 2019 |title=Two Chandika's started Haratha Hera |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/teledramas/2019/02/21/3078/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7-%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%AD-%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92 |access-date=21 February 2019 |language=si}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ta yi aiki a cikin jerin Haratha Hera kuma ta taka rawar yarinya mai arziki mai suna &quot;Pabasara&quot;.

A tsakiyar shekara ta 2019, ta nuna halin &quot;Kaweesha&quot; a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Dadayam Bambaru'' wanda Sanjaya Nirmal ya jagoranta, wanda aka watsa a Swarnavahini .  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, ta yi aiki a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Kisa'', wanda shine babban rawar da ta taka na biyu, wanda Nimal Rathnayake ya jagoranta.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alternative123&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mawbima123&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 March 2020 |title=Michelle opens a Community centre for elders |url=https://mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/6165 |access-date=15 March 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga nan aka jefa ta don jerin ''Sihina Kumari'' wanda Roshan Weerasinghe ya jagoranta inda Dilhara ta taka rawar 'yan'uwa mata biyu, &quot;Amaya da Himaya&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;My life&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2020, ta fara yin aiki a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na ''Sihina Samagama'' wanda a halin yanzu ake watsawa a kan Swarnavahini .

A watan Oktoba 2020, ta bayyana a wani jerin shirye-shiryen ban tsoro Can You Hear Me wanda aka watsa a gidan Talabijin na Kasa. Ta taka rawar yarinya mai suna &quot;Mahimi&quot;. An zabi ta a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 26th Sumathi Awards don wasan kwaikwayon a Can You Here Me. Jerin shine ƙoƙari na farko na ɗaukar Sri Lankan teledrama ga masu sauraro na duniya ta hanyar kafofin sada zumunta inda yake watsawa tare da subtitles na Turanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=First-ever attempt to take Lankan teledrama international |url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/201011/magazine/first-ever-attempt-to-take-lankan-teledrama-international-419164.html |access-date=12 October 2020 |publisher=Sunday Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2021, an jefa Dilhara don rawar &quot;Chenugi&quot; a cikin jerin Pork Street inda ta nuna halin yarinya mai matsakaicin matsayi wanda ke fama da kudi tare da mijinta. Wannan rawar ta ba ta gabatarwa don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 2021 Raigam Tele Awards . A wannan shekarar ta bayyana a matsayin Dewani a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Race, wanda aka watsa a Siyatha TV .

A cikin 2022, an jefa Dilhara don halin Dushi a cikin shahararren jerin shirye-shiryen TV Podu Season 2 wanda aka watsa a gidan talabijin Derana . Sharmila Dharmarasa ce ta ba da umarnin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Dilhara ta nuna halin yarinya mai arziki wacce ke tsakiyar triangle na soyayya. A wannan shekarar, ta bayyana a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na Looka wanda Jayaprakash Sivagurunathan ya jagoranta. An watsa jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin Cibiyar Talabijin mai zaman kanta. Dilhara ta nuna halin &quot;Navya&quot; kuma rawar da ta taka a Looka ta ba ta gabatarwa don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a 19th Raigam Tele Awards .

A cikin 2023, an jefa Dilhara don jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin na ''Kaasi'', wanda Iresh Lokubandara ya jagoranta wanda aka watsa a Kamfanin Sri Lanka Rupavahini. Ta nuna halin Sagarika, yarinya mai matsakaicin matsayi wanda iyayenta suka tilasta masa ya auri mutumin da ya ninka shekarunta sau biyu a matsayin mafita ga matsalolin kudi. A cikin wannan shekarar, an zaba ta don rawar ''Malki'' a cikin jerin ''Sidadiye Samanaliyo'' wanda sanannen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Dhananjaya Siriwardena ya jagoranta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Coming through Malki in Sidadiye Samanalio – Michelle Dilhara |url=https://divaina.lk/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A/ |access-date=2021-02-09 |website=Divaina |archive-date=2023-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529164212/https://divaina.lk/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A-%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dilhara ta fara fim dinta a fim din wasanni na 2018, ''Udumabara'', a matsayin rawar goyon baya, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Will Ananda's dream comes true through Udumbara? |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/2018/10/18/?fn=sa1810181 |access-date=21 October 2018 |publisher=Sarasaviya}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=I'm still new to this field |url=http://old.lankadeepa.lk/index.php/articles/596972 |access-date=14 Nov 2018 |publisher=[[Lankadeepa]] |language=si |archive-date=10 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110184528/http://old.lankadeepa.lk/index.php/articles/596972 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; na &quot;Michelle&quot;, mai basira mai basira wanda ya yi gasa da halin jagora. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 November 2018 |title=Michelle enters to cinema with Udumbara |url=https://starnews.lk/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%A7-%E0%B6%86-%E0%B6%B8/ |access-date=4 November 2018 |publisher=Starnews |language=si |archive-date=2 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502014136/https://starnews.lk/%E0%B6%8B%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%8F-%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%A7-%E0%B6%86-%E0%B6%B8/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo ==
Baya ga yin wasan kwaikwayo, ta kuma shiga cikin tallace-tallace na talabijin da yawa ciki har da shahararrun tallace-tafiyen shayi na Maliban a cikin 2017 da 2018. Daga baya a cikin 2018, ta dauki bakuncin shirin kiɗa na ''16+'' wanda aka watsa a gidan talabijin na Sirasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=16+- 2018.07.08 &amp;#124; Sirasa TV |url=http://sirasatv.lk/2018/07/09/16-2018-07-08/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019, ta dauki bakuncin shirin nishaɗi na Weekend Vinode tare da Udith Abeyrathne da Rukshana Dissanayake wanda ake watsawa kowace Asabar a kan Swarnawahini . &lt;ref name=&quot;Mawbima&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2018, ta yi aiki a cikin bidiyon kiɗa ''Hitha Mage Nokiyama'' wanda sabon mai zuwa Dilani Kasthuriarachchi ya rera.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 July 2020 |title=Michelle Dilhara - Hitha Mage Nokiyami music video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpBxbIu0sME |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2019, ta yi aiki a cikin bidiyon kiɗa na Nilan Hettiarachchi ''Adara Belman'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 July 2020 |title=Michelle Dilhara Adara Belman Music Video by Nilan Hettiarachchi ft Gayani Madusha |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJ1E3wp4E1g |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki tare don bidiyon kiɗa ''Umathu Prema Kumara'' wanda Sashika Nisansala ya rera a cikin 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 July 2020 |title=Umathu Prema Kumara (උමතු ප්‍රේම කුමරා) – Shashika Nisansala Ft. Michelle Dilhara Official Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0xgzo9CSIc |access-date=15 July 2020 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ayyukan marubuci ===
A cikin 2019, Dilhara ya rubuta littafin &quot;Social Invisibility is not a Fiction it Exists&quot; bayan bincike na shekaru hudu tare da Farfesa Antonette Perera, Dokta Parakrama Warnasuriya da Dokta Shiromi Fernando . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2019 |title=Michelle was loved by her fans in Kandy |url=https://mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/3487 |access-date=15 September 2019 |publisher=[[Mawbima]] |language=si |archive-date=10 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191110145744/https://mawbima.lk/sunday-mawbima/10/sundaymawbima-more/3487 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin ya bayyana game da mutanen da ba a ganuwa ba saboda launin fata, sakaci, nuna bambanci, shekaru da shingen harshe, da kuma yadda za a rage rashin ganuwa da warewar jama'a. A cikin 2019 ta sami lambar yabo ta National Youth Icon don littafinta a taron matasa na duniya da aka gudanar a New Delhi, Indiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

=== Ayyukan kiɗa ===
A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2023, Dilhara ta fara waka tare da waƙar fim din &quot;Mini Meulen&quot; a fim din ''Sri Wickrama'' wanda Mohan Niyaz ya jagoranta. Nilar N. Cassim ne ya rubuta waƙar kuma Dinesh Subasinghe ne ya kirkiro ta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-11-15 |title=From Actress to Ambassador |url=https://www.dailynews.lk/2023/11/24/entertainment/252687/from-actress-to-ambassador/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=dailynews.lk}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Taimako ==

=== Abin da ba a ganuwa zuwa motsi mai ganuwa ===
Tun yana da shekaru 15, Dilhara yana so ya zama mai ba da agaji. Ta fara gudanar da shirye-shiryen tallafin karatu na Turanci kyauta ga ɗaliban da ke fama da ƙalubalen kuɗi a [[Sri Lanka]] tare da goyon bayan malamin Ingilishi Danushka Clark . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2018 |title=Podipatharakari is a teacher |url=http://old.lankadeepa.lk/index.php/articles/590465 |access-date=28 September 2018 |publisher=[[Lankadeepa]] |language=si |archive-date=4 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104227/http://old.lankadeepa.lk/index.php/articles/590465 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 November 2017 |title=Love is a very profound subject |url=http://admin.lankadeepa.lk/index.php/articles/548091 |access-date=27 November 2017 |publisher=[[Lankadeepa]] |language=si }}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2013, ta kammala gwajin ƙwarewar harshen Jafananci. A cikin 2018, Dilhara ta fara &quot;Motsi marar ganuwa ga ganuwa&quot; ga mutanen da ke fama da rashin ganuwa da warewar jama'a. An fara shi da dalibai 200 a garin Divulapitiya, shirin yanzu ya girma har zuwa dalibai 1000 a ƙarshe. An fara shirin tallafin karatu a matsayin wani sashi na motsi mai suna The Invisible to Visible . &lt;ref name=&quot;sundayobserver123&quot; /&gt; Mutanen tsibirin sun yaba da aikin sosai wanda ke inganta su don haɓaka ƙwarewar sadarwa tare da duniya da ƙirƙirar hanyar da za su kusanci kasuwar aiki ta duniya ta hanyar ayyukan kan layi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ceylontoday123&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sundayobserver123&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 2020, Dilhara ta kafa cibiyar al'umma da ake kira ''Senehas Arana'' don 'yan ƙasa da suka yi ritaya waɗanda ke fama da rashin ganuwa da warewar jama'a a yankin Divulapitiya. Tare da cibiyar al'umma, ta fitar da ka'idarta ta farko &quot;The Theory of Alternative Social Cogwheel&quot;, wanda shine ka'idar zamantakewar al'umma game da yadda ake shafar mutane saboda dalilai kamar [[Tsufa|tsofaffi]], mutanen da ke da nakasa, matsayin ilimi, shingen ga tsofaffi a samun sabbin ayyuka, nuna bambanci, da tashin hankali.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alternative123&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 February 2020 |title=The Theory of Alternative Social Cogwheel by Michelle Dilhara |url=http://www.ft.lk/lifestyle/The-Theory-of-Alternative-Social-Cogwheel-by-Michelle-Dilhara/8-696198 |access-date=24 February 2020 |publisher=[[Daily FT]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 March 2020 |title=I dedicate my life for elders |url=http://www.aruna.lk/%e0%b7%80%e0%b7%90%e0%b6%a9%e0%b7%92%e0%b7%84%e0%b7%92%e0%b6%a7%e0%b7%92%e0%b6%ba%e0%b6%b1%e0%b7%8a-%e0%b7%80%e0%b7%99%e0%b6%b1%e0%b7%94%e0%b7%80%e0%b7%99%e0%b6%b1%e0%b7%8a-%e0%b6%a2%e0%b7%93%e0%b7%80/ |access-date=15 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mawbima123&quot;/&gt;

== Yunkurin kare muhalli ==
A cikin 2016, Dilhara ta shirya kamfen tare da Manusha D. Navarathna, mai fafutukar kare muhalli, don rage lalacewar muhalli game da [[Canjin yanayi]]. An gudanar da kamfen ɗin ne a filin rairayin bakin teku na Negombo na kwanaki uku a jere daga 26 zuwa 28 Fabrairu 2016 don cire duk abubuwan filastik da ke kewaye da rairayin kan teku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 June 2018 |title=If you do the right thing you will get the right result – Michelle Dilhara |url=http://www.rivira.lk/online/2018/06/09/151570 |access-date=23 June 2018 |publisher=Rivira |language=si}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017, ta shirya kamfen don ranar haihuwarta ta 22 don canza mayar da hankali ga matasa don tallafawa matalauta su tsaya a ƙafafunsu maimakon ɓata lokaci a wasannin bidiyo. A lokacin kamfen dinta, ita tare da matasa da yawa sun tattara fiye da kilo dubu na shinkafa kuma sun ba da su ga iyalai masu bukata a ƙauyen Pinnakalewattha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Michelle Dilhara B'day Celebration&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 October 2018 |title=Michelle Dilhara B'day Celebration |url=http://admin.lankadeepa.lk/index.php/articles/520638 |access-date=15 October 2018 |publisher=[[Lankadeepa]] |language=si }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya a watan Agusta a wannan shekarar, ita tare da Navarathna sun shirya wani aikin dasa bishiyoyi 1000 a matsayin mafita don rage [[Matsalar Yanayi|Rikicin yanayi]] da ke gudana saboda [[Canjin yanayi|dumamar yanayi]] da [[Canjin yanayi]]. An dasa bishiyoyin a Katana, gundumar Gampaha ta Sri Lanka .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Actress Michelle collaborates with Korean Embassy |url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2021/07/11/actress-michelle-collaborates-korean-embassy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711013812/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2021/07/11/actress-michelle-collaborates-korean-embassy |archive-date=11 July 2021 |access-date=2021-10-06 |website=Sunday Observer |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nadeera |first=Dilshan |title=Korean embassy launches &quot;Go Green Embassy&quot; campaign |url=http://island.lk/korean-embassy-launches-go-green-embassy-campaign/ |access-date=2021-10-06 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Janairun 2020, Dilhara ta gudanar da shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a da yawa game da canjin yanayi da rashin ganuwa a jami'o'i, makarantu, jaridu, da shirye-aikacen talabijin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alternative123&quot;/&gt; A watan Yulin 2020, Dilhara ta shirya sansanin sauyin yanayi na kwana uku don yara, matasa da matasa tare da Navarathna da Clark. Shirin ya haɗa da shigar da matasa don dawo da duniya da kuma yin wuri mafi kyau don rayuwa a nan gaba. Sansanin ya haɗa da ayyukan don rage Rashin Muhalli da shirya tsaftace rairayin bakin teku, shirye-shiryen wayar da kan jama'a, da kamfen kamar dasa bishiyoyi.

A ranar 7 ga Maris 2021, ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a kan Canjin Yanayi da Warming na Duniya a taron GreenCon 2021 wanda kungiyar Interact Club ta Wycherley International School ta shirya inda aka gudanar da taron a Cinnamon Grand Colombo. A halin yanzu, a ranar 29 ga Afrilu 2021, ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da Kasuwancin Abinci da Tasirinta akan Ƙazantar da Muhalli tare da haɗin gwiwar Food For All Kadamandiya Food Bank. Ta fi mayar da hankali kan wayar da kan jama'a game da rage lalacewar abinci wanda ke da babban gudummawa ga canjin yanayi da dumamar duniya da kuma yadda za a cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa 2: Zero Hunger ta hanyar adana abinci da aka lalata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Let's Share, What We Have |url=https://kafb.lk/ |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=kafb.lk |archive-date=2021-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623094025/https://kafb.lk/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Haɗin gwiwar jami'a ===
Dilhara ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a kan Canjin Yanayi da Rashin Ganuwa a Jami'ar Rajarata ta Sri Lanka tare da Najith Guruge, Babban Malami na Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiya. An gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a ga dalibai a Faculty of Applied Sciences . 

A ranar 2 ga watan Yulin 2020, ta gudanar da wani shirin wayar da kan jama'a tare da babban malami na Sashen Lissafi da Kudi Rasika Devundara a Jami'ar Sabaragamuwa ta Sri Lanka . Shirin ya dogara ne akan Canjin Yanayi da Ci gaban Mutum kuma an gudanar da shi ne ga ɗaliban Kwalejin Nazarin Gudanarwa. An gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a don sanar da dalibai game da tasirin canjin yanayi da kuma yadda za a bunkasa mutuntakarsu da amincewar kansu a matsayin daliban jami'a.

A ranar 6 ga Afrilu 2021, Dilhara ta yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Uva Wellassa kuma ta shirya shirin dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ɗakin jami'ar tare da shirin wayar da kan jama'a. Shirin ya fara ne daga Darakta na Sashin Gudanar da Ayyuka Dokta Janaka Siyambalapitiya da kuma Mai ba da shawara na Sashin Jagoran Ayyuka, Akila Aushada Bandara. Babban abin da aka mayar da hankali ga taron shi ne karfafa jami'ar don yaki da canjin yanayi da dumamar yanayi. A ranar 21 ga Maris 2021, ta shiga Jami'ar Peradeniya kuma ta rarraba jakar shinkafa da busassun abinci ga gidajen tsofaffi waɗanda ba su karɓi abinci ba saboda annobar COVID-19 a Sri Lanka. &lt;ref name=&quot;ardent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2021 |title=Dilhara, an ardent promoter of eco-friendly environments |url=http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2021/04/18/spectrum/dilhara-ardent-promoter-eco-friendly-environments |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003749/http://sundayobserver.lk/2021/04/18/spectrum/dilhara-ardent-promoter-eco-friendly-environments |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=2021-05-17 |website=Sunday Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dilhara ta shirya shirin dasa bishiyoyi tare da Jami'ar Sri Jayewardenepura a ranar 12 ga Maris 2021. An dasa nau'ikan bishiyoyi daban-daban guda shida a cikin ɗakin jami'a yayin shirin. Dilhara kuma ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a ga mahalarta yayin taron game da yadda daliban jami'a zasu iya ba da gudummawa wajen rage canjin yanayi da dumamar duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2021 |title=The money earned from acting is used for social service: Michelle Dilhara |url=http://www.silumina.lk/2021/04/17/රසඳුන/රංගනයෙන්-ලැබෙන-මුදල්-සමාජ-සේවයට-යොදවනවා |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Silumina}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu 2021, ta gudanar da lacca game da canjin yanayi &quot;Hear Earth&quot; wanda AIESEC ta shirya a Jami'ar Moratuwa. An gabatar da shirin ne da manufar wayar da kan jama'a game da rage canjin yanayi, dumamar duniya, da gurɓataccen yanayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ardent&quot;/&gt;

A ranar 8 ga Yuni 2021, Dilhara ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da Maido da Tsarin Muhalli a Jami'ar Colombo tare da Babban Farfesa Chandrika Wijerathna - Mataimakin Shugaban, Farfesa Erandathie Lokupitiya, da Farfesa [[Siril]] Wijesundara. A ranar 12 ga Satumba 2021, ta gudanar da shirin wayar da kan jama'a game da Deforestation da Global Warming a Jami'ar Jaffna . A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2022, Dilhara ta yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Wayamba ta Sri Lanka kuma ta kaddamar da kungiyar &quot;Tree for Life&quot;, sannan ta biyo bayan shirin wayar da kan jama'a da shirin dasa bishiyoyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jayawardane |first=Ishara |title=Breaking the glass ceiling of social invisibility |url=https://archives1.dailynews.lk/2023/03/03/entertainment/298534/breaking-glass-ceiling-social-invisibility |access-date=3 February 2024 |website=Daily News }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta yi aiki tare da IEEE WIE Student Branch Group na Jami'ar Tsaro ta Janar Sir John Kotelawala kuma ta gudanar da shirin &quot;EmpowHer&quot; tare da Farfesa Wasana Maithree Herath . An shirya taron ne game da bikin [[Ranar mata ta duniya|Ranar Mata ta Duniya]] a ranar 8 ga Maris 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;ardent&quot;/&gt;

== Haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa ==

=== Taron Matasan Kudancin Asiya ===
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, Dilhara ita ce mai karbar bakuncin taron matasa na Kudancin Asiya na 2 da aka gudanar a Sri Lanka. An gudanar da taron ne tare da halartar al'ummar SAARC masu lura da su da kuma mutane daga ko'ina cikin Asiya. A lokacin taron, ta lashe kyautar &quot;Asia Inspiration Award&quot; 2018 saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga masu ba da agaji na Kudancin Asiya.

=== Taron Matasa na Duniya ===
A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2019, ta dauki bakuncin taron matasa na duniya wanda aka gudanar a New Delhi, Indiya. 

=== Cibiyar Ranar Duniya ===
A ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2020, Cibiyar Ranar Duniya ta gayyaci Dilhara don nunawa a cikin kamfen ɗin My Future My Voice . A matsayin babban mai daukar ma'aikata a duniya ga ƙungiyar muhalli, kamfen ɗin dandamali ne na muhalli ga matasa don &quot;Maido da ƙasarmu&quot;. Ta fito tare da wasu matasa 50 daga kasashe 17 a ranar cika shekaru 50 na Ranar Duniya, inda ta yi jawabi a taron kan yadda za a rage sawun carbon, manufar sharar gida, ci gaban makamashi mai sabuntawa, rage hayakin gas, adana albarkatun halitta da ilimantar da marasa arziki. Wannan taron ya ga halartar sanannun mutane na duniya ciki har da [[Francis (fafaroma)|Paparoma Francis]], Denis Hayes, Albert II, Yarima na [[Monaco]], Al Gore, Patricia Espinosa, John Kerry, Zac Efron da Anil Kapoor.

A halin yanzu, a ranar 11 ga Mayu 2020, an nada ta a matsayin Jakadan Ranar Duniya a Sri Lanka.

=== Ranar Ruwan Kasa da Kasa ===
A ranar 29 ga watan Yulin, Dilhara ta shiga cikin bikin yanar gizo na Ranar Ruwan Duniya wanda Cibiyar Ranar Duniya ta shirya. Ta fito tare da wasu sanannun jakadun Earth Day Network kamar su mawaƙin Indiya na Burtaniya da mawaƙa Soumik Datta, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Thai Alex Rendell, Bombay Jayashri Ramnath, mai ba da sauti na gargajiya na Indiya Kaushiki Chakraborty, mawaƙin Indiya Ricky Kej, Sonam Wangchuk da ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ya Filipino Dingdong Dantes . 

=== Ofishin Jakadancin Koriya ===
A ranar 1 ga Yulin 2021, ta yi aiki tare da Jakadan Koriya na Sri Lanka, Santhush Woonjin Jeong, kuma ta fara shirin 'Go Green Embassy'. An fara shirin ne da manufar canza Ofishin Jakadancin zuwa Ofishin Jakadun Green don haka cimma tsaka-tsaki na Carbon da kuma net-zero dangane da taron P4G [[Seoul]]. A lokacin shirin, an dasa itacen ''Mesua ferrea'' a ofishin jakadancin da ke nuna alamar abokantaka ta Sri Lanka Korea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Actress Michelle collaborates with Korean Embassy |url=https://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2021/07/11/actress-michelle-collaborates-korean-embassy |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=Sunday Observer |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Korean embassy launches &quot;Go Green Embassy&quot; campaign |url=https://island.lk/korean-embassy-launches-go-green-embassy-campaign/ |access-date=2021-08-20 |website=The Island |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Korean ambassador Santhush Woonjin Jeong joined hands with Earth Day network ambassador Michelle Dilhara for a green initiative. |url=https://www.wboc.com/story/44277153/korean-ambassador-santhush-woonjin-jeong-joined-hands-with-earth-day-network-ambassador-michelle-dilhara-for-a-green-initiative |access-date=2021-09-28 |website=www.wboc.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928050940/https://www.wboc.com/story/44277153/korean-ambassador-santhush-woonjin-jeong-joined-hands-with-earth-day-network-ambassador-michelle-dilhara-for-a-green-initiative |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 14 ga Mayu 2022, Jakadan Koriya na Sri Lanka, Santhush Woonjin Jeong ya gayyaci Dilhara a matsayin mai magana da baki zuwa bikin buɗewa na &quot;Koriya Week 2022&quot; wanda aka gudanar a Cibiyar Birnin Colombo. Ofishin Jakadancin Koriya a Sri Lanka ne ya kaddamar da taron don tunawa da shekaru 45 na dangantakar diflomasiyya tsakanin Koriya da Sri Lanka. Tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Ravindra Randeniya, Ambasada da yawa da sauran wakilan daga Koriya sun shiga cikin taron.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=&quot;Korea Week 2022&quot; to light up Colombo with a message of Hope and Friendship |url=https://www.https/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=Sunday Island |language=en |archive-date=2013-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819141428/http://https/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Taron Duniya na ICSE ===
A ranar 9 ga Satumba 2022, an gayyaci Dilhara a matsayin wakili da mai magana don Taron Duniya na ICSE na 4 wanda aka gudanar a New Delhi, Indiya tare da halartar wakilai 50 daga kasashe 50 ciki har da [[UNICEF]], UNESCO, UNEP da WWF. Ta yi jawabi ga taron game da Nazarin Yanayi da Ilimi mai dorewa.&lt;ref name=&quot;keen&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 April 2021 |title=Michelle Dilhara, a keen environmentalist |url=https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2023/11/05/youth-observer/8261/michelle-dilhara-a-keen-environmentalist/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105172520/https://www.sundayobserver.lk/2023/11/05/youth-observer/8261/michelle-dilhara-a-keen-environmentalist/ |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=2021-06-04 |website=Sunday Observer}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dokta Ram Boojh ne ya shirya taron, babban jami'in zartarwa na Gidauniyar Mobius, Indiya.

=== Jami'ar Delhi ===
A watan Satumbar 2023, ta yi aiki tare da Jami'ar Delhi kuma ta shirya aikin dasa bishiyoyi a harabar jami'ar tare da shirin wayar da kan jama'a da aka gudanar ga daliban shekara ta uku na Ma'aikatar Muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;keen&quot;/&gt; Daga baya Kwalejin Ramanujan ta gayyace ta, kwalejin da ke cikin Jami'ar Delhi ta Kudu. Ta ba da lacca game da Muhalli mai dorewa ga ɗaliban shekara ta ƙarshe na Ma'aikatar Muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;keen&quot; /&gt;

== Kyaututtuka ==
Dilhara ta lashe kyaututtuka da yawa a bukukuwan kyaututtaka na kasa da kasa da na gida ciki har da,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 December 2018 |title=Young generation can change the world |url=http://www.navaliya.com/2018/12/24/navaindex.htm |access-date=24 December 2018 |publisher=[[Navaliya]] |archive-date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107060910/http://www.navaliya.com/2018/12/24/navaindex.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 December 2016 |title=Appreciation for what have done |url=http://www.sarasaviya.lk/features/2018/12/20/1773/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%85-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B3%E0%B6%A7-%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%85-%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%B3%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A |access-date=20 December 2016 |language=si}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taron Matasan Kudancin Asiya da Taron Matasa na Duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 December 2018 |title=Shining star Michel receives an international award for philanthropy |url=http://www.mawbima.lk/article20171001MB20180331.php?id=9781 |access-date=12 December 2018 |publisher=[[Mawbima]] |language=si |archive-date=12 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212135554/http://mawbima.lk/article20171001MB20180331.php?id=9781 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2018 |title=Mesmerising Michelle |url=http://sundayobserver.lk/2018/12/16/youth-observer/mesmerising-michelle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216175927/http://sundayobserver.lk/2018/12/16/youth-observer/mesmerising-michelle |archive-date=16 December 2018 |access-date=16 December 2018 |publisher=[[Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|Sunday Observer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma sami lambar yabo daga [[Malaysia]])&quot; id=&quot;mwAxA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Minister of Youth and Sports (Malaysia)&quot;&gt;Ministan Matasa da Wasanni na Malaysia, Mr.Syed Saddiq . 
 
'''Kyaututtuka na Musamman'''

* A cikin 2018 Dilhara ta lashe lambar yabo ta Asiya a taron matasa na Asiya ta Kudu saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga Rashin ganuwa na zamantakewa 
* A shekara ta 2019 ta lashe lambar yabo ta kasa ta matasa a taron matasa na duniya don Philanthropy .&lt;ref name=&quot;Alternative123&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1996]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Michael Black (mai zane-zane)</title>
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'''Michael Black''' (1928 - 14 ga Fabrairu 2019) ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya ne wanda ya rayu kuma ya yi aiki a Oxford . An fi saninsa da sassaƙa shugabannin sarakuna a wajen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sheldonian a Oxford.
[[Fayil:One_of_the_busts_of_the_Emperor's_Heads_outside_the_Sheldonian_Theatre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1421453.jpg|thumb|Ɗaya daga cikin sassaƙaƙen kawunan Baƙi a wajen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sheldonian]]
[[Fayil:Emperor's_Head_Wadham_College_Garden.jpg|thumb|270x270px|Tsohon shugaban da dangin Black suka ba da gudummawa ga Kwalejin Wadham]]

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Michael Black a [[Portsmouth]] a shekara ta 1928. Mahaifinsa shi ne magatakarda. Bayan hidimar ƙasa tare da Royal Army Veterinary Corps, Black ya koma Oxford kuma ya yi karatu a St Catherine's College, wata kwalejin [[jami'ar Oxford]] . 

Yayin da yake ɗalibi, Black ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimaki na sculptor ga ES Frith &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Films and Interviews – The Frith Archive |url=https://thefritharchive.com/films-and-interviews/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;  a Windrush Studio, Burford. Black ya kuma shiga cikin aikin maidowa a Kwalejin Wadham, inda ya yi aiki tare da Frith don sake fasalin abubuwan facade na kwalejin, kafin ya sami nasa kwamitocin.

A cikin shekara ta 1958, Black ya sassaƙa dutsen mai zane da marubuci Robert Gibbings . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Sunbather from Original Woodblock Robert Gibbings Prints |url=https://www.panteek.com/Gibbings/pages/gbr1-111.htm |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.panteek.com |archive-date=2025-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125073100/https://www.panteek.com/Gibbings/pages/gbr1-111.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tsakanin shekara ta 1960 zuwa 1970, Black ya haɓaka aikin fasaha mai kyau na ɗakin studio kuma an nuna shi tare da [[Richard Demarco]] a Edinburgh (1968). Ya baje kolin a manyan gidajen tarihi na [[London]] da suka hada da nunin haɗin gwiwa tare da mai zane Douglas Portway a The Marjorie Parr Gallery (1970) da kuma a cikin 'Manufactured Art', [[Camden Art Centre|Camden Art Center]] (1970).

A cikin shekara ta 1970, an ba da izini ga Black don ƙirƙirar masu maye gurbin 17 don shugabannin Sarkin sarakuna a wajen gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Sheldonian a Oxford. William Byrd ne ya zana kawukan na asali a cikin dutsen Clipsham tsakanin 1664 da 1669, kafin a maye gurbinsa a 1868. Sabbin mutum-mutumin sun lalace da sauri fiye da tsofaffin mutum-mutumi don haka ana buƙatar maye gurbinsu da wuri.  Baƙi ya zana mutum-mutumin da aka maye gurbinsa a cikin ɗakin studio ɗinsa a Folly Bridge sannan a Medley Manor Farm, Binsey, Oxford.  An maye gurbin mutum-mutumin da sababbin shugabannin Black a cikin 1972. {{Sfn|Pevsner|Sherwood|1975}} Daga baya dangin sun ba da ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin farko na ƙarni na 17 ga Kwalejin Wadham ; yana cikin lambunan koleji.

A cikin shekara ta 1971, Black ya yi abin rufe fuska na mutuwa na Sir Maurice Bowra, Warden na Kwalejin Wadham, Oxford, wanda yanzu ana gudanar da simintin filasta a cikin National Portrait Gallery, London. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sir Maurice Bowra - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw07128/Sir-Maurice-Bowra |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 1974, Black ya tsara kuma ya shigar da sabon matakan karkace don Gidan Tarihi na Kimiyya, London. 

A cikin shekara ta 1975, ya yi aiki tare da Theo Bergstrom a kan ''The Thames, Littafin Hoto'', yana yin rubuce-rubucen tafiyarsu ta hanyar kwale-kwale daga tushe zuwa teku.

A cikin shekara 1976, an ba Black izinin sassaƙa Tunawa ga Paul Julius Reuter don bikin shekaru 125 na ƙungiyar labarai ta duniya, wanda ke cikin Gine-ginen Musanya Royal, London. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Obituary: Michael Black - THE BARON |url=https://www.thebaron.info/news/article/2019/02/25/obituary-michael-black |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.thebaron.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Michael Black - a man with a sack - THE BARON |url=https://thebaron.info/comment/michael-black-a-man-with-a-sack |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=thebaron.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 1978, Black ya yi abin rufe fuska na mawaƙiya Sylvia Townsend Warner, kuma ya zana sabbin mala'iku da za su maye gurbin baranda ta kudu na Cocin Jami'ar St Mary the Virgin a Oxford. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black, Michael |url=https://pssauk.org/public-sculpture-of-britain/biography/black-michael/ |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=Public Statues and Sculpture Association |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 1983, an ba da izini ga Black don sassaƙa katakon marmara na Sir Alec Douglas-Home don House of Lords, London wanda ke cikin tarin fasahar majalisar . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black, Michael, 1928–2019 {{!}} Art UK |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artists/black-michael-19282019 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=artuk.org |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 1984, Baƙar fata ya zana Crutched Friars, don Ofishin Inshorar Ƙungiyar Kasuwanci a [[London]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ground |first=London On The |date=2021-09-10 |title=Crutched Friars create frisson. A little known City of London carving |url=https://www.londonontheground.com/post/crutched-friars-create-frisson-a-little-known-city-of-london-carving |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=London On The Ground |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 1985, ya zana bust ɗin tagulla da marmara na Sir Sacheverell Sitwell . Tagullar tana cikin Gidan Hoto na Ƙasa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Bt - National Portrait Gallery |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw07889/Sir-Sacheverell-Sitwell-6th-Bt |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.npg.org.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin shekara ta 1986, ya sassaƙa guntun tagulla na madugu Sir Reginald Goodall.

Kuma a cikin shekara ta 1990, Black ya sassaƙa guntun tagulla na Sir Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl na Stockton da tsohon Firayim Minista na Burtaniya.

Tun daga tsakiyar 1980s, Black ya shirya wani bikin Morning na Mayu a Oxford. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=May Day Trivia |url=https://www.maymorning.co.uk/may-day-trivia |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=maymorning.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; An gudanar da taron ne akan gadar Aristotle da ke Arewacin Oxford kuma an gabatar da wasan kwaikwayon na Eynsham Morris Men da Headington Quarry Morris Men. Musamman ma, Headington Quarry Morris Men sun riga sun yi rawa tare da sabon shugabannin Sarkin sarakuna a ranar da aka shigar da su a Oxford a cikin 1972. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Headington Quarry Morris Dancers - May Morning 2019 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/headingtonquarrymorrisdancers/may-morning-2019 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa ==
Michael Black ya auri mai zanen Oxford Jacqueline Black (1933 – 2000). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black, Jacqueline (1933–2000) |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artists/black-jacqueline-19332000-26272 |access-date=4 December 2022 |website=[[Art UK]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da 'ya'ya biyar, hudu daga cikinsu suna tare da Jacqueline. Black ya mutu a gidansa a Oxford a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 2019, yana da shekara 90. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purves |first=Libby |date=2019-02-18 |title=A life devoted to art and skill is well lived |url=https://www.thetimes.com/article/a-life-devoted-to-art-and-skill-is-welllived-mnprjpwl6 |access-date=2025-01-23 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2021, dangin Baƙar fata sun ba da gudummawar ayyuka da ƙididdiga ga Sabis na Gidan kayan tarihi na Oxfordshire da Ofishin Rikodin County na Oxfordshire/Cibiyar Tarihi, Cowley, Oxford.

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Sources ==

*  
* {{Cite book|last3=Nikolaus Pevsner}}
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1928]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Manning, Alberta</title>
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      <text bytes="9482" sha1="3j9gn6og7t8duy7tgdc6d3r64l0y546" xml:space="preserve">Manning wani gari ne a [[Alberta ta Tsakiya|arewacin Alberta]], Kanada . An san shi da &quot;''Land of the Mighty Moose''&quot;. Tana kan Hanyar Hanyar 35 a kan Kogin Notikewin, kimanin kilomita {{Convert|73|km}} (45  arewacin Kogin Peace.

Manning cibiyar sabis ce ga aikin [[noma]] na gida, [[Forestry|gandun daji]] da masana'antun gas. Har ila yau, yana aiki da yankunan karkara da ke kusa da yankin County of Northern Lights ciki har da Deadwood, Hotchkiss, North Star da Notikewin.

== Tarihi ==
Al'ummar garin Manning sun taso ne sakamakon bunkasar noma bayan yakin duniya na farko yayin da gwamnatin Dominion ke neman ba da filaye ga sojojin da suka dawo don shiga cikin ma'aikata.  Kwamitin sulhu na Soja ya ba da kwarin guiwa ga tsoffin sojoji don fara aikin noma da ba a daidaita ba a Kogin Battle Prairie mai tazarar kilomita 75 (47 mi) arewa da garin Kogin Aminci da yammacin Kogin Aminci.  A shekara ta 1921 gundumar za ta sami yawan jama'a 500 kuma al'ummar Battle River Prairie (daga baya Notikewin) za su girma a matsayin cibiyar yanki.  A ƙarshen 1920s al'ummomin Hotchkiss da tauraruwar Arewa za su bunƙasa a yankin&lt;ref name=&quot;HERMIS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=1937 Battle River Hospital - HS 72433 |url=https://hermis.alberta.ca/ARHP/Details.aspx?DeptID=2&amp;ObjectID=HS%2072433 |access-date=8 September 2020 |website=Heritage Resources Management System - Alberta Heritage Survey Program |publisher=Government of Alberta}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Al'ummomin arewacin sun sha wahala daga iyakantaccen albarkatun kiwon lafiya, wanda asibitocin tafi-da-gidanka da ke da ma'aikatan jinya masu rajista suka taimaka. A cikin 1928 an sanya ma'aikaciyar jinya Mary Little a yankin, kuma a cikin 1929 an maye gurbin ta da Dokta Mary Percy wanda aka dauka daga Ingila. Dokta Percy zai yi aiki a yankin har zuwa 1937 lokacin da aka kammala sabon asibitin.&lt;ref name=&quot;HERMIS&quot;/&gt;

Yawan jama'a ya ci gaba da girma a cikin shekarun 1930, tare da manoma da ke ƙaura daga yankunan da ke fama da fari na kudancin Alberta. Matsi ya fara girma don gina asibiti a yankin, kuma Ƙungiyar Mata ta Waje ta Ikilisiyar United ta Kanada ta fara tattara kudade don ginin, tare da Gwamnatin Alberta ta amince da daidaita kudaden da aka tattara don sabon asibitin.&lt;ref name=&quot;HERMIS&quot;/&gt;

A cikin faɗuwar 1936 an fara ginin gado takwas na Asibitin yaƙi na yaƙi, wanda aka kammala daga baya a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1937, kuma daga baya zai zama cibiyar sabon mazaunin Aurora.  John Robertson ne ya ba da wannan filin, kuma likitan mazaunin Arthur Doige ya sami tabbacin yin aikin asibitin.  W.D.C ne ke kula da ginin.  Buchanon, kuma tsarin zai hada da dakin tiyata, dakin jira, kicin, da masauki a bene na biyu don ma'aikatan jinya uku.&lt;ref name=&quot;HERMIS&quot;/&gt;

Ba'amurke Patrick &quot;Pat&quot; Larry Craig ne ya kafa wannan yarjejeniya, wanda ya sayi ƙasa a gefen kudu na Kogin Notikewin kuma ya gina otal ɗin Aurora, ya sami lasisin giya kuma ya gina wasu gine-gine bayan yakin duniya na biyu.  A cikin 1947 an tura babbar hanyar Mackenzie ta cikin yankin kuma al'umma ta zama cibiyar gine-gine da kulawa da gwamnati, kuma cikin sauri ta mamaye Arewacin Star da Notikewin a yawan jama'a.] A wani taron jama'a a 1947, an canza sunan al'ummar don girmama Ernest Manning wanda ya zama Firayim Minista na Alberta shekaru hudu a baya a 1943, kuma zai yi aiki har zuwa 1968.

Za a kafa Manning a matsayin ƙauye a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1951, kuma daga baya a matsayin gari a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;1963Gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite book}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin shekarun 1950 za a gina Asibitin Manning Municipal a farashin CA $ 127,000, kuma daga baya a watan Satumbar 1962, za a kammala Great Slave Lake Railway ta hanyar Canadian National Railways da ke haɗa garin zuwa hanyar jirgin ƙasa.

== Yanayi ==
Manning has a [[Yanayi na Subarctic|subarctic climate]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Notikewin, Alberta |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=595171&amp;cityname=Notikewin%2C+Alberta%2C+Canada&amp;units= |access-date=2 January 2015 |publisher=Weatherbase }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; very close to being a humid continental climate, with both May and September averaging only fractionally under {{Convert|10|C|F}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Notikewin Temperature Averages |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=595171&amp;cityname=Notikewin%2C+Alberta%2C+Canada&amp;units= |access-date=2 January 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; There are vast differences between the warm summers and very cold winters, although areas much further south more eastward in Canada have equally cold winters and cooler summers. The climate data is from minor settlement Notikewin very close to the town.
 
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Manning had a population of 1,126 living in 471 of its 540 total private dwellings, a change of  -4.8% from its 2016 population of 1,183. With a land area of {{Cvt|3.71|km2}}, it had a population density of  303.5/km2 (786.1/sq mi) in 2021.&lt;ref name=&quot;2021census&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 9, 2022 |title=Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities) |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&amp;geocode=A000248 |access-date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Town of Manning recorded a population of 1,183 living in 484 of its 544 total private dwellings, a  1.6% change from its 2011 population of 1,164. With a land area of {{Convert|4.05|km2|sqmi}}, it had a population density of  292.1/km2 (756.5/sq mi) in 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;2016censusABmunis&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2016 and 2011 censuses – 100% data (Alberta) |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/pd-pl/Table.cfm?Lang=Eng&amp;T=302&amp;SR=1&amp;S=86&amp;O=A&amp;RPP=9999&amp;PR=48 |access-date=February 8, 2017 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abubuwan jan hankali ==
Gidan Tarihi na Pioneer na Kogin Yakin yana da kayan aikin gona na dā, motoci da sauran abubuwa masu ban mamaki, kamar albino moose da Cleave Whitaker's childhood crib.

Wuraren shakatawa sun haɗa da Manning R.C.M.P. Centennial Pool, hanyar tafiya, filin motsa jiki, filin wasan motsa jiki / hockey, wuraren kankara biyu na waje, tudun kankara, filin wasan kankara, wurin shakatawa na waje, filin shakatawa na gefe, da kuma filin wasan golf na Condy Meadows da Yankin Wasanni.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Town of Manning |url=http://www.manning.govoffice.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053440/http://www.manning.govoffice.com/ |archive-date=2014-08-08 |access-date=2014-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asibitin Battle River da ke kan titin Center da 1st Avenue North asibiti ne mai hawa 1 + 1⁄2 da aka gina tsakanin 1936 da 1937 don zama asibiti ga yankin. Asibitin Battle River an sanya shi a matsayin Tarihin Tarihi na Lardin Alberta a karkashin ''Dokar Tarihi'' a ranar 11 ga Maris, 2009.  

== Infrastructure ==
Manning tana da [[asibiti]]. Har ila yau, yana da sabon Rukunin RCMP da aka gina, tashar wuta da filin wasa, tare da tafkin cikin gida / waje. Filin jirgin saman Manning ne ke kula da garin, wanda ke da nisan kilomita 3.3 a arewa maso yammacin garin.&amp;nbsp;

== Gwamnati ==
Garin Manning kamfani ne na gari tare da tsarin gwamnati mai kula da majalisa wanda ya kunshi majalisa mai mambobi bakwai da aka zaba a kowace shekara huɗu. Majalisar kanta ta kunshi babban magajin gari da 'yan majalisa shida. Ikon doka don yin mulki a matsayin &quot;halitar lardin&quot; ya samo asali ne daga ka'idoji da dokoki daban-daban na Majalisar Dokokin Alberta, wanda Dokar Gwamnatin Municipal ta ba da iko da alhakin gari.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Municipal Government Act, R.S.A. 2000 |url=http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/acts/m26.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2020 |website=alberta.ca |publisher=Alberta Queen's Printer |archive-date=March 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321002248/http://www.qp.alberta.ca/documents/acts/m26.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; An zabi magajin gari na yanzu Robert McLeod a kan abokin hamayyarsa Sunni-Jean Walker a Zaben birni na Alberta na 2021.

A lardin, garin Manning yana wakiltar memba na Majalisar Dokoki ta Peace River, wanda Dan Williams ke gudanarwa tun daga Babban zaben Alberta na 2019. A cikin Tarayya, Majalisar Dokoki ta Grande Prairie-Mackenzie ce ke wakiltar garin Manning, wanda Chris Warkentin ke gudanarwa.

== Ilimi ==
Manning ya ƙunshi makarantu jama'a guda biyu waɗanda suke daga cikin Peace River School Division No. 10, Manning Elementary wanda ke ba da makarantar sakandare zuwa aji na shida,  da kuma Paul Rowe High School wanda ke ba ni maki bakwai zuwa goma sha biyu. Manning tana da wata makaranta daban a karkashin Sashen Katolika na Iyali Mai Tsarki No. 37, Makarantar Rosary Separate wacce ke ba da makarantar sakandare zuwa aji tara.

== Kafofin watsa labarai ==
Manning yana aiki mako-mako ta hanyar The Banner Post &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mackenzie Report |url=http://www.mackreport.ab.ca/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230104206/http://www.mackreport.ab.ca/ |archive-date=2012-12-30 |access-date=2013-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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[[Fayil:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg|thumb|Manufofin Ci Gaban shekaru dubu wani shiri ne na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wanda keda tsawon lokaci daga 2000 zuwa 2015.]]
A  [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], Manufofin Ci Gaban shekaru dubu ('''MDGs''') manufofi ne na ci gaban kasa da kasa guda takwas na shekara ta 2015 da aka kirkira bayan Taron Millennium, biyo bayan amincewa da sanarwar Millennium ta Majalisar ɗinkin duniya. Wadannan an ɗora sune akan Manufofin Ci Gaban Kasa da Kasa na OECD DAC da Ministocin Ci Gaban suka amince da su a cikin &quot;Dabarun daidaita ƙarni na 21st &quot;. Manufofin ɗorewar Ci Gaban (SDGs) sun yi nasara a cikin MDGs a cikin shekarar 2016.

Dukkanin kasashe 191 dake amatsayin membobin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da kuma akalla kungiyoyi 22 na kasa da kasa, sun himmatu don taimakawa wajen cimma manufofin ci gaban shekararun Millennium masu zuwa kafin shekarar 2015:

# Domin kawar da matsanancin talauci da [[yunwa]]
# Domin samun ilimin firamare na duniyaIlimi na firamare na duniya
# Domin karfafa [[Daidaiton jinsi|daidaito tsakanin jinsi]] da temakon mata
# Domin rage yawan Mutuwar yara
# Domin inganta Lafiyar mata masu ciki
# Domin yakar cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], da sauran cututtuka
# Domin tabbatar da dorewar muhalli &lt;ref name=&quot;bkgd&quot; /&gt;
# Domin karfafa haɗin gwiwar ƙasahen duniya don ci gaba 

Kowace manufa tana da takamaiman burika da kwanakin cimma waɗannan bari. An auna manufofin takwas da burika 21. Don ingiza ci gaba, ministocin kula da kudi na kashen G8 sun amince a watan Yunin 2005 don samar da watattun kudade ga Bankin Duniya, Asusun Kuɗi na Duniya (IMF) da [[Bankin Ci Gaban Afirka]] (AfDB) don soke bashin dala biliyan 40 zuwa 55 a cikin bashin da ake bin membobin kasashe matalauta (HIPC) domin a ƙyalesu suci gaba da tura albarkatunsu zuwa shirye-shiryen inganta kiwon lafiya da ilimi da kuma rage talauci.&amp;nbsp;

Masu sukar shirin na MDG sunyi Ƙorafi da rashin yin nazari da adalci domin tabbatar da manufofin da aka zaba, dakuma wahala ko rashin lura da wasu manufofi da ci gaban da bai dace ba, da dai sauransu. Ko da yake taimakon da kasashen da suka ci gaba ke bayarwa don cimma manufofin MDG  ya karu a lokacin da ake fuskantar kalubale, fiye da rabin sun tafi ne don yafe basussuka, da yawa daga cikin sauran kuma sun tafi ne wajen rage raɗaɗin  bala'o'i masu aukuwa da gudunmawar tsaro ta soji, a maimakon ci gaban ƙasa. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)&quot;&gt;abubuwan da ake bukata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Tun a shekarar 2013, ci gaban da aka cimma be zama bai dai yaba. Wasu kasashen sun cimma manufofin da dama, yayin da wasu ba su kama hanyar cimma ko daya ba. Wani taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a watan Satumba na shekarar 2010 ya yi nazari kan ci gaban da aka samu zuwa yau tare da aiwatar da wani shiri na duniya don cimma muradun takwas a cikin lokacin da aka ayi shirin cimmasu . Sabbin  aiyukan sun shafi lafiyar mata da yara, da sabbin tsare-tsare a yakin duniya na yaki da talauci, yunwa da cututtuka.

== Shimfida ==

=== Asali ===
Bayan kawo karshen yakin cacar baka, jerengiyar tarurrukan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta jagoranta a shekarun 1990 sun mayar da hankali kan batutuwan da suka shafi  yara, abinci mai gina jiki, 'yancin dan adam da mata, tare da samar da aiyukan hadaka  na kasa da kasa don wadannan batutuwa. Taron Duniya na 1995 game da Ci gaban Al'umma ya samar da ''sanarwar Copenhagen game da Ci gaban Al'umma'' tare da jerin manufofi masu tsawo da rikitarwa ta shugabannin duniya, gami da da yawa waɗanda suka dace da sakamakon tarurrukan da suka gabata. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 March 1995 |title=Copenhagen Declaration on Social Development Annex I |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.166_9_Declaration.pdf |access-date=2021-04-25 |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amma matakan agaji na kasa da kasa sunyi ƙasa, kuma a cikin wannan shekarar, Kwamitin Taimakawa Ci Gaba na OECD ya kafa tsarin tunani don nazarin makomar agajin ci gaban.  Sakamakon rahoton 1996, na &quot;Shaping the 21st Century&quot;, ya juya wasu daga cikin manufofin Copenhagen zuwa shida gudan&quot;Manufofin Ci Gaban Ƙasashen Duniya&quot;, wanda ke da irin wannan abun ciki da tsari manufofin MDGs na ƙarshe: rage talauci ta 2015; ilimin firamare na duniya nan da 2015; kawar da bambancin jinsi a makarantu nan da 2005; raguwar mutuwar jarirai, yara da mata masu juna biyu nan da shekarar 2015, samun damar samar da ayyukan kiwon lafiyar haihuwa a duniya  da isassun dabarun kasa na ci gaba mai dorewa a ko’ina nan da shekarar 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 1996 |title=Shaping the 21st century: The contribution of development co-operation |url=https://www.oecd.org/dac/2508761.pdf |access-date=2021-04-26 |website=OECD}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A karshen shekarar 1997, babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi hasashe a  taro na musamman a karni da dandalin tattaunawa a matsayin mai da hankali kan kokarin yin gyara  ga tsarin MDD. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UN General Assembly |date=1998-01-09 |title=Renewing the United Nations: a programme for reform (Resolution 52/12 B of 19 December 1997) |url=http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGA/1997/288.pdf |access-date=2021-04-26 |website=World Legal Information Institute |archive-date=2024-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114052153/http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/UNGA/1997/288.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan shekara guda, ta yanke shawarar ta musamman ba don iya  gudanar da taron Millennium kawai ba har ma da taron koli na Millennium, kuma ta umarci Sakatare-Janar, [[Kofi Annan]], da ya fito da bukatar shawarwari don  bayyana &quot;da yawan batutuwa masu hangen nesa ke  yadawa&quot;, don haka ya buɗe  bayanan fiye da tambayoyin da hukumomi ke yiwa hukumar a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 1999 |title=The Millennium Assembly of the United Nations (Resolution 53/202 of 17 December 1998) |url=https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/53/202 |access-date=2021-04-26 |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rahoton Annan, lokacin da aka buga shi a cikin Afrilu 2000 a ƙarƙashin taken &quot;Mu Jama'a: Matsayin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a  karni na 21&quot;, ya tsara tambayoyin sake fasalin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin manyan kalubalen da ke fuskantar duniya, wanda aka bayyana jigon shi a matsayin &quot;don tabbatar da cewa dunkulewar duniya ta zama wani karfi mai kyau ga dukan mutanen duniya, maimakon barin biliyoyin su a baya&quot;.  A cikin rahoton Annan ya bukaci taron koli na Millennium mai zuwa da ya dauki wasu muhimman manufofin tare da  manufofin shi dakuma da yawa daga cikin batutuwan da aka taɓa tattaunawa a taron na Copenhagen, da sauran tarukan 1990, da rahoton Brahimi da aka buga kwanan nan kan zaman lafiya da tsaro na kasa da kasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Taron Millennium da Babban Taron majalisar na watan Satumba na shekarar 2000 sun ba da sanarwar Millennium da ke nuna ƙudirin da Annan ya tsara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=UN General Assembly |date=2000-09-18 |title=United Nations Millennium Declaration (Resolution 52/2 of 8 September 2000) |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_55_2.pdf |access-date=2021-04-26 |website=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan sanarwar ba ta ambaci keɓaɓɓun &quot;Manufofin Ci gaban Ƙarni&quot;,ba amma tana ɗauke da mahadai - da yawancin kalmomi iri ɗaya - a matsayin makasudin ƙarshe. An ci gaba da aiwatar da zaɓin  da tace Manufofin daga abubuwan da ke cikin sanarwar na ɗan lokaci. Wani lokaci mai mahimmanci a nan shi ne haɗin kai tsakanin tattaunawa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma hanyoyin da OECD ke bi domin &quot;Sanya Ƙarni na 21&quot;; An amince da wannan haɗin kai a wani taro da Bankin Duniya ya kira a watan Maris na shekara ta 2001.  A cikin watan Satumba na 2001, Annan ya gabatar wa babban taron &quot;Taswirar hanyar da za a bi don aiwatar da sanarwar Ƙarni na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya&quot; wanda ya ƙunshi wani sashe na musamman game da &quot;Manufofin Ci Gaban Ƙarni&quot;, yana bayyana wasu daga cikinsu a cikin maganganun shi na ƙarshe, kuma tare da ƙaddamar da muhimman batutuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Secretary-General |first=Un |date=2001-09-06 |title=Road map towards the implementation of the United Nations Millennium Declaration: Report of the Secretary-General |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/448375?ln=en |access-date=2021-04-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

MDGs sun fitar da  bangarori uku: Arzikin dan Adam, ababen more rayuwa dakuma hakkokin bil'adama ( [[Hakkin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da al'adu|zamantakewa, tattalin arziki]] da [[Hakkokin Jama'a Da Na Siyasa|siyasa]] ), tare da niyyar inganta rayuwa me inganci.  Babban manufofin ɗan adam sun haɗa da abinci mai gina jiki, kiwon lafiya (ciki har da yawan mace-macen yara, [[Kanjamau|HIV/AIDS]], [[tarin fuka]] da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], da lafiyar mata masu haihuwa ) da ilimi. Makasudin samar da ababen more rayuwa sun hada da samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha, makamashi da fasahar zamani/fasahar sadarwa; ƙara yawan amfanin gona ta hanyar amfani da  gwaji me ɗorewa; sufuri; da muhalli. Manufofin haƙƙin ɗan adam sun haɗa da ƙarfafa mata, rage cin zarafi, ƙara yancin muryar siyasa, tabbatar da daidaito wajen amfani da kayan hidimar jama'a da ƙara tsaro na kiyaye haƙƙin mallaka. Makasudin an yi niyya ne don haɓaka ƙarfin ɗan adam na mutum da kuma &quot;ci gaba da hanyoyin samun rayuwa mai albarka&quot;. Bayanin MDG ta jaddada cewa ya kamata manufofin kowace ƙasa su dace da bukatun ƙasar; don haka yawancin shawarwarin manufofin iri daya ne.

== Manufofi ==
[[Fayil:Millennium_Development_Goals,_UN_Headquarters,_New_York_City,_New_York_-_20080501.jpg|thumb|Hoton da aka yi a hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da ke [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], [[New York (jiha)|New York]], Amurka, yana nuni da  Burin Cigaban karni]]
An samar da MDGs domin yin aiyukan  da yawa da aka tsara a cikin sanarwar Millennium, wanda aka sanya hannu a watan Satumba na shekarar 2000. Akwai manufofi takwas tare da kudurce-kudurce  21, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 May 2008 |title=United Nations Millennium Development Goals |url=https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/poverty.shtml |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; da jerin ma'aunan kula da kiwon lafiya da alamun tattalin arziki ga kowane manufa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 May 2011 |title=Tracking the Millennium Development Goals |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=List of goals, targets, and indicators |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/MDGsOfficialList2008.pdf |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Siteresources.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 1:Kawar da matsanancin Talauci da yunwa ===

* Ƙudurin 1A: Rabin adadin mutanen dake rayuwa tsakanin 1990 zuwa  2015, akan ƙasa da $1.25 a rana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/stream/asset/;jsessionid=aMgXw9lbMbH4?asset_id=2620072 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130415101051/http://content.undp.org/go/cms-service/stream/asset/;jsessionid=aMgXw9lbMbH4?asset_id=2620072 |archive-date=15 April 2013 |access-date=8 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Manufa 1B: Samun Ingantaccen Aiki ga Mata, Maza, da Matasa
* Manufar 1C: Rabin adadin dake rayuwa tsakanin 1990 zuwa 2015, ke fama da yunwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goal :: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal1.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 2: Cimma samar da ilimin bai-ɗaya a matakin farko ===
MDG 2.  ya mai da hankali kan ilimin firamare kuma ya jaddada yin shiga  da kammalawar karatu. A wasu ƙasashen rajista na farko ya karu a sakamakon matakan nasara. A wasu lokuta, fifikon da aka baiwa ilimin firamare ya yi illa ga karatun sakandare da na gaba da sakandare. 

=== Manufa ta 3: Haɓaka daidaiton jinsi dakuma tallafawa mata ===

* Manufar 3A: Kawar da bambancin jinsi a makarantun firamare da sakandare musamman kafin 2005, a sauran kowane mataki kuma nan da 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2011 |title=Goal :: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal3.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 4: Rage yawan Mace-macen yara ===

* Manufar 4A: Rage kashi biyu bisa uku, tsakanin shekarar 1990 zuwa 2015, na yawan mace-macen yara 'yan kasa da shekaru biyar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 May 2011 |title=Goal :: Reduce Child Mortality |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal4.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Samun ci gaban MDG bai dogara ga iya cigaban tattalin arziki kadai ba. A cikin maganar MDG&amp;nbsp;4, Kasashe masu tasowa irin su [[Bangladesh]] sun nuna cewa yana yiwuwa a rage yawan mace-macen yara tare da samun ci gaba ne kawai idan anbi matakan da ba su da tsada kuma masu inganci, kamar rigakafin [[Baƙondoro|cutar kyanda]] .  Duk da haka, kashe kuɗin gwamnati a ƙasashe da yawa ba zai wadatar ba don kashe kudi akan kudirin  ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Feasibility of Financing Sectoral Development Targets |url=http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/6325.pdf/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005041627/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/6325.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2012 |access-date=6 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 5: Inganta lafiyar masu haihuwa ===

* Manufar 5A: Rage  kashi uku cikin huɗu na mace-macen mata masu juna biyu tsakanin shekarar 1990 zuwa 2015, 
* Manufar 5B: Cimma samun damar lafiyar haihuwa ta duniya a shekarar 2015 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goal :: Improve Maternal Health |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal5.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 6: Yaki da cutar HIV/AIDS, Malaria, da sauran cututtuka ===

* Manufar 6A: A dakatar zuwa shekarar  2015 kuma a fara magance yaduwar cutar HIV / [[Kanjamau|AIDS]]
* Manufar 6B: Cimma damar kula da lafiya da samun damar yin amfani da maganin kanjamau a duniya ga duk masu bukatarsa a shekarar 2010
* Target 6C: A  dakatar zuwa shekarar 2015 kuma a fara sauya yanayin cutar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da sauran manyan cututtuka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goal :: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal6.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=MDG Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bincike kan [[tsarin kiwon lafiya]] ya nuna cewa samfurin &quot;girma ɗaya ya dace da kowa&quot; ba zai isa ya mayar da martani ga bayanan kiwon lafiya na ƙasashe masu tasowa ba; duk da haka, wani bincike ya gano wani tsari na gama-gari na haɓaka kiwon lafiya na duniya, ciki har da rashin cima me kyau, raunin garkuwar kiwon lafiya, iyakokin garkuwar ɗan adam, da tsananin tsada. Binciken ya bayyana cewa mayar da hankali kan bincike yana ɓoye matakan da ake buƙata don faɗaɗa kula da lafiya. Waɗannan matakan sun haɗa da ma'auni na siyasa, ƙungiyoyi, da ayyuka na haɓakawa, da buƙatar haɓaka ƙungiyoyin na gida. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Subramanian |first=Savitha |last2=Joseph Naimoli |last3=Toru Matsubayashi |last4=David Peters |year=2011 |title=Do We Have the Right Models for Scaling Up Health Services to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals? |journal=BMC Health Services Research |volume=11 |issue=336 |pages=336 |doi=10.1186/1472-6963-11-336 |pmc=3260120 |pmid=22168915 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 7: Tabbatar da ɗorewar Muhalli ===

* Manufar 7A: Haɗa ka'idojin  ci gaba mai dorewa cikin manufofi da shirye-shiryen ƙasa; baya asarar albarkatun muhalli
* Manufar 7B: Rage [[Rashin bambancin halittu|asarar rayayyun halittu]], cimma, ta 2010, raguwa mai yawa a cikin adadin asarar
* Manufar 7C: Rabin jama'a na rayuwa 2015, ba tare da  samun tsaftataccen ruwan sha da tsaftar muhalli ba .
* Manufar 7D: Nan ta 2020, don samun ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin rayuwar aƙalla mutum miliyan 100 na samar da  matsugunan gidaje &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goal :: Ensure Environmental Sustainability |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal7.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manufa ta 8: Haɓaka haɗakar  ƙasashen duniya domin cigaba ===

* Manufa ta  8A: Haɓaka cigaban , tushen doka, wanda ake nuni da rashin  wariyar launin  da tsarin kuɗi
* Manufar 8B: Magance Bukatu na  Musamman na Ƙasashe Masu  Ci Gaba (LDCs)
* Manufar 8C: magance buƙatu na musamman na ƙasashe masu karancin  tasowa waɗanda ba su da ƙasa da kuma ƙananan ƙasashe masu tasowa na kan  tsibiri 
* Manufar 8D: magance matsalolin bashi na ƙasashe masu tasowa ta hanyar matakan ƙasa da ƙasa don tabbatar da biyan bashi mai dorewa a cikin dogon lokaci.
* Manufar 8E: A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanonin har hada magunguna, da samar da  araha, magunguna masu mahimmanci a ƙasashe masu tasowa.
* Manufar 8F: A cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, samar da anfani da sabbin fasahohi, musamman bayanai da sadarwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Goal :: Develop a Global Partnership for Development |url=http://www.mdgmonitor.org/goal8.cfm |access-date=18 October 2012 |publisher=Mdg Monitor}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Makki Abubakar Yalleman</title>
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'''Dokta Makki Abubakar Yalleman''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. A halin yanzu memba ne wanda ke wakiltar Mallam Madori / Kaugama Tarayya a Majalisar Wakilai. An haife shi a ranar 22 ga Mayu 1969, ya fito ne daga garin Yalleman, karamar hukumar Kaugama ta [[Jihar Jigawa]] kuma yana da digiri na farko. An fara zabarsa a cikin Majalisar a shekarar 2019, kuma an sake zabarsa ne a shekarar 2023 don wa'adi na biyu a karkashin All Progressives Congress (APC).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Abubakar-Makki-Yalleman-2334 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/makki-yalleman-abubakar |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/12 |access-date=2025-01-06 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]</text>
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    <title>Masana'antar abinci a Azerbaijan</title>
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{{Databox}}

'''Masana'antar abinci a [[Azerbaijan]]''' reshe ne na masana'antu wanda ke sarrafawa, shirya, adanawa da kuma shirya albarkatun gona tare da hanyoyin da suka dace a kasar. Game da yawan samar da masana'antu na gona (abinci, abin sha da taba) ya kasance na farko a cikin sauran masana'antun procession.
[[File:Ilham_Aliyev_attended_opening_of_olive_oil_and_table_olive_products_processing_plant_in_Zira_settlement_48.jpg|thumb|Man zaitun da kayan aikin zaitun a Zira]]

== Masana'antar kwalliya ==
A shekara ta 2003, kantin sayar da kayayyaki na farko na AzerSun Group of Companies - Caucasian Cannery ya fara aikinsa a yankin Khachmaz.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Konserva Qrupu |url=https://www.azersun.com/categorypage/index/75-canned |access-date=2022-02-05 |website=www.azersun.com |archive-date=2022-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205164450/https://www.azersun.com/categorypage/index/75-canned |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwanan nan sabon kamfani Bizim Tarla ya fara samar da kayayyaki iri-iri da fitarwa zuwa kasashe da yawa ciki har da Amurka.

== Gidan burodi ==
Production of bread and bakery products is mostly carried out in [[Baku]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yeyinti sənayesi - Azərbaycan |url=https://www.azerbaijans.com/content_719_az.html |access-date=2022-02-05 |website=www.azerbaijans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; There are various bread and pasta factories in Baku: “Aghsu”, “Karmen”, “Mughan”, “Karabakh”, “№1” (Gilan Holding).&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Development of food industry in Azerbaijan |url=https://unec.edu.az/application/uploads/2018/12/SALAMOVA-FAT-M-AK-F-QIZI.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Masana'antar abin sha ==
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun abin sha a Azerbaijan shine ruwan 'ya'yan itace. A shekara ta 2009, an ba da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai suna &quot;Grante&quot; (AzNAR, gundumar Goychay) lambobin zinare uku a baje kolin abinci na kasa da kasa na 16 &quot;Prodexpo 2009&quot;.

Bugu da ƙari, akwai kamfanoni da yawa da suka ƙware a cikin ɓangaren ruwa na carbonated da wanda ba na gas ba: &quot;Shollar&quot;, &quot;TAC&quot;, &quot;Khayal&quot;&quot;, Veysaloglu&quot; da sauransu. A Shahbuz da Nakhchivan, akwai kamfanonin ruwa guda biyu: An gina su a 1949 da kuma Sirabi, an gina su a 1976. A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1999, an buɗe masana'antar samar da ruwa ta &quot;Pepsi-Cola&quot; a ƙauyen Sulutepe (Baku). &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Azersun Holding da Beta Group of Companies suna da asusun 62.2% da 32.1% na kasuwar shayi, bi da bi. Azerbaijan ta shahara da shayi na Lankaran. A gasar kasa da kasa da aka gudanar a Madrid a shekara ta 2002, an ba da shayi na Azerbaijan lambar yabo ta zinare ta Turai. Hakazalika, a shekara ta 2005 a gasar cin kofin Inganci da Fasaha ta Lankaran an ba da lambar zinare. Black tea yana da kashi 98% na samar da shayi a Azerbaijan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

Akwai masana'antun ruwan inabi da cognac a Gandja, Goychay, Shamkir, Khanlar, Shamakhi da Nakhchivan. Gabaɗaya, akwai nau'ikan giya 60 (&quot;Bayan&quot;, &quot;Medrese&quot;, &quot;Novruzlu&quot;, &quot;Shamkhor&quot; da sauransu). Daga cikin kamfanoni 44 da ke samar da abin sha mai barasa, 35 daga cikinsu suna mai da hankali kan samar da giya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
[[Fayil:Azerbaijani_wine_from_Chateu_Monolit.jpg|thumb|Ruwan inabi na Azerbaijan daga Chateu Monolit (daga yankin Ismayilli) ]]

== Masana'antar madara da dabbobi ==
46% (kimanin hekta miliyan 4) na jimlar yankin ƙasar gona ne, rabin su makiyaya ne. Dangane da kididdigar, a cikin 2017, yawan samar da nama a Azerbaijan ya kai tan dubu 316,8. A watan Disamba na shekara ta 2008 wannan adadin ya kai tan dubu 25.3. Dangane da kididdigar, samar da nama a kasar ya karu da 0.5%. Ana gudanar da sarrafa nama galibi a Baku, Gandja, Sheki, Mingachevir, Nakhchivan, Aghdam, Imishli, Lankaran da Xirdalan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Tsire-tsire masu sarrafa madara suna cikin Baku, Sumgait, Gandja, Mingachevir, Lankaran, Xirdalan, Shamakhi, Barda, Zardab, Salyan da Siyazan. Akwai manyan masana'antun madara sama da goma sha biyu da ƙananan kamfanonin madara 128 a cikin jamhuriya. A cikin 2008 Kamfanin Kamfanoni na Palmali ya buɗe masana'antar madara &quot;NurSud&quot; a Lankaran. Wani masana'antar madara mai suna &quot;Agro&quot; yana aiki a gundumar Bilasuvar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;
[[Fayil:'BELUGA_CAVIAR'_sold_in_Baku_Caviar_Boutique_in_Baku_in_Azerbaijan.jpg|thumb|'BELUGA CAVIAR' da aka sayar a [[Baku]] Caviar Boutique a Baku a [[Azerbaijan]]]]
Ana ɗaukar kamun kifi a matsayin muhimmiyar masana'antu a Azerbaijan. A ranar 25-27 ga Mayu 2009, an gudanar da baje kolin kasa da kasa na Caspian na 2nd Marine Products and Fishing tare da manufar gabatar da damar yankin Caspian ga bangarorin kasa da kasa da ke cikin sashin kamun kifi. Ana gudanar da kifi na [[Tekun Caspian]] da [[Kura (South Caucasus river)|Kogin Kura]] a Mingachevir, [[Hajigabul District|Hajigabul]], Hilli, Lankaran, Yankin Tattalin Arziki na Absheron. Akwai tsire-tsire masu kifi a kasar, mafi yawansu suna cikin yankin [[Neftchala District|Neftchali]], Khudat da Hovsan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:22&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yeyinti sənayesi - Azərbaycan |url=https://www.azerbaijans.com/content_719_az.html |access-date=2022-02-05 |website=www.azerbaijans.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Azerbaijan ta tabbatar da tarurruka 12 na kasa da kasa a wannan fagen, bayan da ta yi gyare-gyare 120 ga Dokar Kifi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Law &quot;On fishing&quot; |url=http://www.e-qanun.az/framework/4526}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kamfanoni da aka kafa kwanan nan ==
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan an ƙaddamar da kamfanoni da yawa a [[Masana'antar abinci]]. An nuna su a ƙasa:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|Shekarar kafa
|Masana'antu
|Fitarwa
|-
|2003
|Tsire-tsire na Tsire-shuke na Caucasus &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Webmaster |first=Azersun |title=Qafqaz Konserv Zavodu |url=http://www.qafqazkonserv.az/en-about-history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331203305/http://www.qafqazkonserv.az/en-about-history.html |archive-date=31 March 2012 |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=www.qafqazkonserv.az |language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Naman shanu, [[jam]], compote, caviar, pickle da sauran kayayyakin da aka kwantar &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Webmaster |first=Azersun |title=Qafqaz Konserv Zavodu |url=http://www.qafqazkonserv.az/en-products.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401172256/http://www.qafqazkonserv.az/en-products.html |archive-date=1 April 2012 |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=www.qafqazkonserv.az |language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2005
|Gabala Canning Factory &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ABOUT GABALA CANNING FACTORY |url=https://gilanholding.com/industries/Gabala+Canning+Factory+100?hl=en |access-date=2025-10-22 |archive-date=2020-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016231116/https://gilanholding.com/industries/Gabala+Canning+Factory+100?hl=en |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ruwan da ya dace, mai da hankali, purées, jams, kayan da aka yi da pickled, kayan da ke cikin kwano
|-
|2006
|Masana'antar sukari ta Imishli &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=sugar {{!}} Azersun Holding |url=http://www.azersun.com/en/content/sugar |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=www.azersun.com |language=en |archive-date=3 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503084212/http://www.azersun.com/en/content/sugar |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Shukari
|-
|2008
|Gabala Milk Procession Factory &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Qəbələ Süd emalı zavodu – QƏBƏLƏ RAYON İcra Hakimiyyəti |url=http://www.qebele-ih.gov.az/en/page/40.html |access-date=27 July 2018 |website=www.qebele-ih.gov.az}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Kayayyakin madara
|-
|2012
|Tartar Milk Procession Factory 
|Kayayyakin madara
|-
|2014
|Gilan Food Village a Gabala &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GILAN QIDA VILLAGE IN GABALA |url=https://gilanholding.com/media/news/Gilan+Qida+Sheherciyi+95 |access-date=2025-10-22 |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017185336/https://gilanholding.com/media/news/Gilan+Qida+Sheherciyi+95 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ruwan kwalba, shayi na kankara, lemonade, sauran abin sha mai laushi, mai haske da ruwa mai laushi
|}

== Taimako na gwamnati ==
A cikin 2014 ayyukan saba'in sun sami tallafin Asusun Taimako na Kasuwanci na Kasa. 57 daga cikinsu ayyukan samar da abinci ne.

* Cibiyar kayan aiki ta 6 tare da ƙarfin tan dubu 152.
* Kasuwancin kore na musamman guda uku, gami da cibiyar kayan aiki guda uku tare da damar tan dubu 9 da shaguna 500 na manoma
* Tsire-tsire na kaji 5 tare da damar fiye da tan dubu 3 na nama miliyan 11 da kuma ƙwai miliyan 26.4 da za a iya sayar da su&amp;nbsp;
* 6 wuraren kiwo tare da dabbobi 2700
* Babban gonaki 6
* Gidaje 9
* 6 wuraren yin burodi tare da damar tan 97 a kowace rana
* Masana'antar sarrafa 'ya'yan itace da kayan lambu tare da miliyoyin tan na ƙarfin samar da shekara-shekara
* Masana'antun madara 2 tare da tan dubu 25 na iyawar procession
* Cibiyar samar da gari tare da ƙarfin shekara-shekara na tan dubu 22.
* 5 gonakin lambu
* Ginin inabi
* Shuka shayi da masana'antar sarrafa shayi &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Agricultural industry |url=http://senaye.gov.az/content/html/3596/attachments/Aqrar%20s%C9%99naye%20haqq%C4%B1nda%20Aray%C4%B1%C5%9F%20-%202015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110184934/http://senaye.gov.az/content/html/3596/attachments/Aqrar%20s%C9%99naye%20haqq%C4%B1nda%20Aray%C4%B1%C5%9F%20-%202015.pdf |archive-date=10 January 2017 |access-date=27 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==
 

* Hukumar Kula da Tsaro ta Abinci (Azerbaijan) 
* Ruwan inabi na Azerbaijan
* Vinagro
* Madrasa (ya'yan inabi) 

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Makarantar Sakandare ta Yara Mai Tsarki, Ghana</title>
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{{Databox}}

'''Holy Child School''', wanda kuma aka sani da '''Angel's Hill''', duk 'yan mata ne da ke hawan keke na biyu a Cape Coast a cikin [[Yankin Tsakiya (Ghana)|Tsakiyar]] [[Ghana]] . A cikin 2003, makarantar ta kasance a cikin mafi kyawun makarantu 10 a [[Afirka]], wanda ya samar da mafi kyawun ɗalibai mata a cikin 2003 Senior Secondary School Examination (SSSCE) &lt;ref name=&quot;RANK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Africa's Top 100 Schools |url=http://www.africaalmanac.com/top20highschools.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070114052056/http://www.africaalmanac.com/top20highschools.html#11 |archive-date=14 January 2007 |access-date=12 August 2011 |publisher=www.africaalmanac.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Holy Child School kuma ta samar da mafi kyawun ɗalibai na biyu mafi kyau a Gaba ɗaya don 2017 [[Jarabawar Kammala Makarantun Sakandare a Yammacin Afurka (WASSCE)|Manyan Makarantun Yammacin Afirka, WASSCE]] .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet the Holy Child student who topped WASSCE 2017 – Sankofa Online : Serving the Ghanaian Community of Chicago |url=http://sankofaonline.com/archives/80394 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813011956/http://sankofaonline.com/archives/80394 |archive-date=2018-08-13 |access-date=2018-06-18 |website=sankofaonline.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Society of the Holy Child Jesus (SHCJ) ne suka kafa makarantar a 1946 don samar da ilimi ga Katolika a cikin yankin. Yawan ɗalibai na yanzu ya kai sama da 'yan mata 1000 masu shekaru tsakanin 14 zuwa 18. Dukkanin daliban Makarantar Yara Mai Tsarki masu shiga ne. Taken makarantar shine, a cikin Latin: Facta Non Verba, wanda aka fassara don nufin &quot;Ayyuka Ba Kalmomi ba&quot;. Shugabar makarantar ta yanzu ita ce Linda Appiah . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-03-16 |title=HOPSA 1995 install solar panels for Holy Child School |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/hopsa-1995-install-solar-panels-for-holy-child-school/ |access-date=2020-06-08 |website=MyJoyOnline.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919031040/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/education/hopsa-1995-install-solar-panels-for-holy-child-school/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Launuka na makarantar rawaya ne da launin ruwan kasa.

== Tarihi ==
Bayan kafa Makarantar Mfantsipim (Methodist) da Kwalejin Adisadel (Anglican) a 1876 da 1910 bi da bi, al'ummar Katolika a Ghana suna da sha'awar kafa ilimin Roman Katolika a Ghana.

A ranar 15 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1935, Bishop Porter ya albarkace kuma ya jagoranci wani bikin don kafa harsashin ginin Kwalejin St. Augustine, wanda Sir Arnold W. Hodson, Gwamna na lokacin ya kafa. Daga nan sai Ubangiji ya mayar da hankalinsa ga ilimin mata.

&quot;Kamar yadda zai yiwu&quot;, in ji Bishop Porter, kowane Katolika zai sami ilimi a Makarantar Katolika ko Kwalejin. Dalilin a bayyane yake. Mutum ko mace na yau da kullun yana shan Katolika daga aiki maimakon ka'idar. Katolika a makaranta da kwalejin don haka ya zama dole ga yaro ko yarinya Katolika. Tattaunawarsu a tebur da kuma lokacin nishaɗi, wasanninsu da aikinsu da kuma bayyana manufofin su da kansu, a cikin kalma, duk jikin su, tunani da rai dole ne su zama Katolika. Kuma za a iya samun yanayin Katolika, cewa kusan yanayin da ba a iya bayyanawa ba a ko'ina ban da Makarantar Katolika da Kwalejin? &quot;

Sabili da haka, don biyan buƙatun da ke ƙaruwa don wuraren ilimi masu yawa ga 'yan mata, sake tsara cibiyoyin da ke akwai da kuma tanadin sabbin makarantu sun zama dole na gaggawa.

Ana buƙatar malamai mata da yawa don taimakawa koyarwa a makarantu. Rashin malamai ya kasance mai tsanani. Tun a shekara ta 1934 Bishop Porter na Gold Coast Colony Vicariate ya yi kira ga Rev. Mother General don buɗe makarantar sakandare ga 'yan mata a cikin Vicariate, amma ba har sai yakin duniya na biyu tsakanin 1939 da 1945 ba ne aka tattauna da tushe kuma an yarda da shi. A ranar 12 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1945 dutsen tushe na Holy Child (Kolejin Koyarwa na Katolika da Makarantar Sakandare ga 'yan mata) ya sami albarka daga Ubangiji Bishop William Porter kuma mai daraja T. R. O. Mangin, Babban Kwamishinan Colony ya shimfiɗa shi. Kwamishinan ya yi farin ciki sosai cewa daya daga cikin ayyukan bayan yakin shine samar da ilimi ga 'yan mata.

Jam'iyyar farko ta nuns uku, Rev. Mother Mary Joachim, Mother Mary Cyril (mataimaki) da Mother Mary St. Edward, sun sauka a Takoradi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu 1946. An sadu da su a tashar jiragen ruwa, na farko da Rev. Uba Fisher, Vicar Delegate na Bishop Porter, wanda zai tabbatar da kansa a matsayin aboki mai aminci da kuma mai ba da shawara mai mahimmanci a farkon kwanakin kwalejin, kuma na biyu, ga babban farin ciki da mamaki, da Rev. Mother General da Rev. A ranar 5 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1946, an kafa ginin makarantar sakandare, gidan ibada, dakunan kwana guda uku, dakunan cin abinci guda biyu, hasumiyar ruwa da bungalows guda biyu, kwalejin ta shigar da dalibai 120.

Ubangiji William Porter ya ci gaba da ƙarfafa iyaye su aika da 'ya'yansu mata zuwa Kwalejin Yara Mai Tsarki. Sakamakon haka, a shekara ta 1955 yawan dalibai ya ninka sau biyu kuma ya zama dole a canja wurin Sashen Kwalejin Horarwa zuwa Takoradi. Makarantar Yara Mai Tsarki, wacce ta fara da dalibai 50, yanzu tana da dalibai 700 kuma Kwalejin Yara Mai Tsarki yanzu tana da 400.

Makarantar ta ba da darussan ilimi da na sana'a. Kafin 1955, dalibai sun yi karatunsu na shida a Kwalejin St. Augustine har sai makarantar ta sami malamai don gudanar da darussan na shida. Kwalejin Yara Mai Tsarki da Makarantar sun samar kuma suna ci gaba da samar da ƙwararrun mata waɗanda suka yi wa ƙasarsu hidima da gamsuwa da inganci daidai da ka'idar makarantar &quot;Facta Non Verba&quot; (Actions Not Words). Akwai siffofi biyu na musamman a cikin tsarin ilimi na al'umma. Da farko, an ba wa ɗalibai ɗan 'yanci da amincewa - wanda ba a saba gani ba a waɗancan kwanakin. Ɗaya daga cikin nuns ya rubuta: &quot;a ƙarƙashin irin wannan horo dokar lamiri ta zama mafi mahimmanci, kuma an haɓaka tushen ƙa'ida na dindindin wanda ba za a iya watsar da shi daga baya tare da kayan makaranta ba&quot;.

== Gidaje ==
Makarantar a halin yanzu tana da gidaje tara na zama
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!A'a.
!Gidan
|-
|1.
|St. Ann's
|-
|2.
|Uwargidanmu
|-
|3.
|St. Cornelia's
|-
|4.
|St Joseph's
|-
|5.
|St. Agnes'
|-
|6.
|Gidan St. Theresa (T House) 
|-
|7.
|St. Catherine's (Conti) 
|-
|8.
|Gidan St. Maria
|-
|9.
|Babban Bishop Amissah
|-
|10.
|St Bakhita's (Sabon gidan) 
|}

== Shugabannin mata ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Na yau da kullun
!Uwargidan makarantar
!Farawar lokaci
!Ƙarshen lokaci
!Lokaci a ofis
!Bayani
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1
|Rev. Uwar Mary Joachim
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1946
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1955
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 8-9
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2
|Rev. Uwar Maryamu Cyril
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1955
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1961
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 5-6
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3
|Rev. Uwar Mary Marcela
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1961
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1967
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 5-6
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4
|Rev. Sister Maryamu
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1967
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1976
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 8-9
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5
|Misis Rosemary Ampomah
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1976
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1978
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 1-2
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6
|Rev. Sister Michelle Puma
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1978
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1980
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 1-2
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |7
|Misis Alice Marie Agyeman
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1980
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2003
| align=&quot;right&quot; |'''Shekaru 22-23'''
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |8
|Misis Veronica Amponsa Minta Nyarku (wanda aka fi sani da Madame Brobbey) 
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2003
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2010
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 6-7
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |9
|Rev. Sister Josephine Anto
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2010
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2019
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 8-9
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |10
|Misis Anastasia Thomford-Okyere
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2019
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2021
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 1-2
|
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; |11
|Misis Linda Appiah
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2021
| align=&quot;center&quot; |''mai mulki''
| align=&quot;right&quot; |Shekaru 3-4
|
|}

== Ayyukan Kyauta ==
Wadannan sune wasu ayyukan da makarantar ta amfana daga cikin shekarun da suka gabata:

=== Kyautar NUHOPSA ===
A bikin cika shekaru 70 na makarantar a cikin 2016, NUHOPSA ta ba makarantar Cibiyar Wasanni a matsayin Kyautar Kyauta.&lt;ref name=&quot;graphic.com.gh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 March 2016 |title=Holy Child School celebrates 70th anniversary |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/education/holy-child-school-celebrates-70th-anniversary.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kimanin aikin GH¢127,000 ya ƙunshi kotuna biyu masu amfani da yawa (don netball, kwando, badminton, volleyball da tennis), wasan motsa jiki, gini don karɓar ɗakunan canzawa da ofishin manajan wasanni, da kuma masu kallo. Za a zauna a filin wasanni na yanzu a kasan tudun.&lt;ref name=&quot;graphic.com.gh&quot;/&gt;

=== 1994/1996 Shekarar Ƙungiyar Kyauta ===
A matsayin al'ada a Makarantar Yara Mai Tsarki, kowane rukuni na shekara-shekara, a ranar cika shekaru 25, yana jagorantar aikin gado da aka nufa don sabuntawa da magance muhimmiyar buƙata wacce za ta amfane ɗalibai na yanzu da na gaba, da kuma baiwa don haɓaka ƙa'idodin makarantar. Saboda wannan dalili ne HOPSA 94/96, ta yanke shawarar samar da Makarantar da Tsarin Wutar Lantarki na Hasken rana don Cikakken Kundin da Gidan Gudanarwa. Jimlar kudin aikin makamashi mai dorewa ya kasance kusan dubu biyar da dubu hamsin Ghana Cedis (GHC550,000). Mambobin kungiyar shekara ta 1994/1996 sun ba da gudummawa tare da tallafi daga cibiyoyin alheri. An samu nasarar ba da aikin ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2019 a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 73 na makarantar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=HOPSA - Holy Child Past Students Association |url=https://www.payputt.com/hopsa---holy-child-past-students-association |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.payputt.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aikin ya kunshi wadannan:

* samarwa da shigar da bangarorin hasken rana da tsarin mai juyawa don taimakawa wutar lantarki na ɗakunan ajiya da fitilun tsaro a cikin kowane toshe &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
* saitin lokacin kula da tsarin shekaru 5 (bayan shigarwa &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* horo ga ma'aikatan kulawa ciki har da dalibai masu sha'awar aiki da kiyayewa na yau da kullun &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== 1995 Shekarar Ƙungiyar Kyauta ===
Kungiyar shekara ta 1995 ta haɗu da takwarorinsu na 1970 kuma ta samar da aikin wutar lantarki don cin abinci da dakunan taro. Kudin aikin ya kasance Ghc90,000.00. Aikin ya kunshi wadannan:

* Batir 16
* Gidajen 20
* Masu juyawa 2

Archbishop Emeritus na Cape Coast, Most Rev. Mathias Kobina Nketsiah ne ya ba da aikin kuma ya kasance mai gabatarwa ga ranar cika shekaru 74 da Ranar Magana da Kyauta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Editorial Staff |date=2020-03-18 |title=1995 year group of Holy Child School install solar panels for alma mater |url=https://shstrendz.com/1995-year-group-of-holy-child-school-install-solar-panels-for-alma-mater/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=SHSTRENDZ.COM |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619082510/https://shstrendz.com/1995-year-group-of-holy-child-school-install-solar-panels-for-alma-mater/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dokar Makaranta ==
0030103&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Holy Child School, Cape Coast {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/holy-child-school-cape-coast/about |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Matsayin Makaranta ==
Sashe na A &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Holy Child School, Cape Coast {{!}} SchoolsInGh.com |url=https://schoolsingh.com/senior-high-schools/holy-child-school-cape-coast/about |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=schoolsInGh |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Haɗin Kai ==
Makarantar Yara Mai Tsarki tana da haɗin gwiwa tare da makarantar 'yan Katolika, Kwalejin St. Augustine. An san kawancen da APSU-HOPSA .

== Shahararrun ɗalibai ==
 

* [[Betty Acquah]]
* Marian Ewurama Addy
* Akosua Agyapong
* [[Nana Aba Appiah Amfo]]
* Magdalene Apenteng&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=GOVERNMENT ADVISOR: &quot;NO PUBLIC MONEY IN NEW AIRLINE&quot; |url=http://m.myjoyonline.com/marticles/business/government-advisor-no-public-money-in-new-airline |access-date=2018-06-19 |website=m.myjoyonline.com |archive-date=2018-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163813/http://m.myjoyonline.com/marticles/business/government-advisor-no-public-money-in-new-airline |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Joyce Bamford-Addo]]
* [[Anna Bossman]]
* [[Phyllis Christian|Phyllis Kirista]]
* [[Angela Dwamena-Aboagye]]
* Aanaa Enin
* [[Regina Honu]]
* [[Yvette Adounvo Atekpe]]
* [[Valerie Lawson]]
* Philomena Nyarko - tsohuwar masanin kididdigar gwamnati   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 April 2016 |title=Gov't statistician Philomena Nyarko retires May 11 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Gov-t-statistician-Philomena-Nyarko-retires-May-11-430860 |access-date=2018-06-22 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Nikoletta Samonas]]
* Kokui Selormey
* [[Mary Spio|Maryamu Spio]]
* [[Maame Esi Acquah Taylor|Uwargidan Esi Acquah Taylor]]
* [[Ama Pomaa Boateng|Ka so Pomaa Boateng]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 February 2016 |title=Election 2016: Know your female parliamentary candidates (3) |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/election-2016-know-your-female-parliamentary-candidates-3.html |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makutano Junction</title>
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      <text bytes="17136" sha1="cej2inijcg00h8mammag1mcnwip06f2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} 
Makutano Junction wasan kwaikwayo ne na sabulu na Kenya wanda aka Tare bugawa a shekara ta 2007. Yana kama jigogi daban-daban waɗanda ke shafar al'ummar Afirka ta yau da kullun. Babban batutuwan zamani da aka fi jaddadawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayon sune cin hanci da rashawa, ilimi, ƙauyen farko, yankan mata da ciki, HIV / AIDS, haƙƙin ɗan adam, adalci na zamantakewa, dabi'u da fahimta, da kuma warware rikice-rikice. Labarin ya faru ne a wani ƙauye mai suna Makutano kuma yana da haɗin gwiwa.

== Fitarwa ==

=== Ma'aikatan samarwa ===
David Campbell da Naomi Kamau ne suka samar da wasan kwaikwayon. Shirin talabijin yana da daraktoci da marubutan daban-daban waɗanda suka keɓe kansu ga abubuwan da suka faru da yanayi daban-daban. Darakta na farko shi ne Andrew Gosling . Shani Grewal ya ba da umarnin aukuwa 39 na wasan kwaikwayon. Mary Migui, Salome Kinyanjui da Omfwoko Aswani suma daraktoci ne a wani lokaci a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. Philip Luswata, wanda shi ma ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin teledrama, shine babban marubucin rubutun. Sauran marubuta sune Morrison Mwadulo, Natasha Likimani, Charles Ouda, Damaris Irungu, Patrick Serro da Wanjiru Kairu . An fara samar da wannan jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin a cikin shekara ta 2006.

=== Fim ===
An harbe lokutan farko tara a cikin daidaitattun kuma an tsara su a cikin kashi 4:3 . Shekaru masu zuwa sun sami 16:9 widescreen. Kowace kakar an saita ta da aukuwa 13 kowannensu. An saki kakar wasa ta farko a wannan shekarar, kuma an nuna batutuwan kamar haƙƙin ɗan adam, Adalci na zamantakewa, dabi'u da fahimta, warware rikice-rikice, ci gaba mai ɗorewa, da dogaro da juna, da sauransu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Episode summaries of Makutano Junction series one&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2004 |title=Series 1 episode summaries |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/teachers-area/episode-summaries/series-1.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=makutanojunction.org.uk/ |publisher=Medianet }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin jerin biyu na Makutano, rayuwa tare da Adalci na zamantakewa [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]] sune mahimman batutuwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Episode summaries of Makutano Junction series Two&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2004 |title=Series 2 episode summaries |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/teachers-area/episode-summaries/series-2.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=makutanojunction.org.uk/ |publisher=Medianet }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa ta uku, haƙƙin ɗan adam, dabi'u daban-daban, da fahimta sune mahimman batutuwan da aka sanya a cikin wasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Episode summaries of Makutano Junction series Three&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2004 |title=Series 3 episode summaries |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/teachers-area/episode-summaries/series-3.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=makutanojunction.org.uk/ |publisher=Medianet }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokaci na huɗu - wanda ya gudana don tafiyar 13 na yau da kullun - yana da dukkan jigogi da suka gabata tare da mahimmin batun da ya haɗa da jagorancin mata da ƙalubalen da suke fuskanta. Wannan ya sanya Regina Rè ta zama babban hali na kakar.&lt;ref name=&quot;Episode summaries of Makutano Junction series Four&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2004 |title=Series 3 episode summaries |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/teachers-area/episode-summaries/series-4.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=makutanojunction.org.uk/ |publisher=Medianet }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Har zuwa kakar wasa ta goma sha uku, banki na mata ya tashi yayin da yake ƙarfafa mata suyi la'akari da adana kuɗin su don tsaro na kudi. Shekarar 2015-2016 za ta rufe batutuwan bin diddigin ilimi ga yara, inganta ilimi a makarantu ta hanyar malamai da iyaye, karfafa mata, da kuma kasuwancin gona.

== Farko ==
Makutano Junction ya ratsa ta iyalai daban-daban a ƙauyen Makutano. Ga kowane ƙauye na yau da kullun dole ne a sami saga. Saboda haka, ƙauyen Makutano bazai fi dacewa ba. Shari'o'i irin su cin hanci da rashawa, batutuwan kiwon lafiya, karfafa mata, da tashin hankali na gida sun zama ruwan dare a yawancin sassan kasashe masu tasowa, don haka ana nuna hanyoyin magance irin waɗannan lokuta a cikin labarin. Misali, mutum zai sadu da wani rukuni na dangin kamar The Mabukis, wanda Winston Mabuki ke jagoranta. Mutum ne mai daraja a tsakiyar shekarunsa sittin. Sun auri wata mace mai martaba, Priscilla, suna da ɗa guda, Karis wanda ke da 'yar (samfurin soyayyarsu) tare da Hope Baraka amma ba su taɓa yin aure ba, tsohon fursuna wanda ke buƙatar tsoro daga sauran ƙauyen. Har ila yau, jerin suna nuna dangin da ke da membobin da ke fama da cutar [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]]. [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]] galibi Margaret ce ke nunawa, wacce ba ta ɓoye matsayinta kuma tana rayuwa ta yau da kullun ba tare da ta kamu da mijinta mai ƙauna ba, Matano, shugaban Makutano. Har ma suna da ɗa da aka haifa lafiya. The Okodis ne, inda Mama Mboga ke fama da cin zarafi da kuma jimre da cin zarafin da ta samu daga mijinta Erasmus Okodi. Labarin ya kuma nuna ayyukan siyasa na haruffa daban-daban da ƙalubalen da suke fuskanta musamman mata. A wani lokaci, Hope Baraka ta yi takara don zaben 'yan majalisa, inda ta fuskanci nuna bambanci tsakanin maza da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, ana nuna matsalolin iyali da na aure a cikin labarin. Misali, Hannington Baraka yana da dangantaka mai nisa da ɗansa mafi ƙanƙanta Philip, wanda kawai yake neman mahaifinsa ya dubi gefen sa mai kyau kuma ya goyi bayan shawararsa ba tare da la'akari da yadda suke da hanzari ba a wasu lokuta. Ƙauna kuma tana wakiltar a cikin wasan kwaikwayon, alal misali, babban ƙaunar da Philip ke da shi ga Red.

== Masu ba da labari ==

=== Kayan aiki na yau da kullun ===

==== Mabukis ====

* [[Raymond Ofula]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winston is a pillar of the Makutano community |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/winston-mabuki.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Winston Mabuki
* Mukami Njiru  a matsayin Priscilla Mabuki&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Priscilla Mabuki's character |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/priscilla-mabuki.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Maqbul Mohammed]]  a matsayin Karis&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karis Mabuki |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/karis-mabuki.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Alfred Munyua  a matsayin Vincent Mabuki&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Vincent is a pillar of the Makutano community |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/Vincent-mabuki.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Ainea Ojiambo]]  a matsayin Macijin&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ojlambo |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/snake.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126195943/http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/snake.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |archive-date=26 November 2021 |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Barakas ====

* Joseph Omari &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hannington Baraka |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/hannington-baraka.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Hannington Baraka
* Margaret Aketch  a matsayin Bernadette Baraka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bernadette Baraka/Margy Aketch |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/bernadette-baraka.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onyango Owino  a matsayin Maspeedy&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Makutano, the soap character |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/maspeedy.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Regina Re  a matsayin Hope Baraka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=RegRe kwa makutano junction |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/hope-baraka.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Charles Ouda  a matsayin Philip Baraka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Charles Ouda is Philip Baraka MJ |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/philip-baraka-pp.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Patricia Kihoro]]  a matsayin Diana Baraka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winston is a pillar of the Makutano community |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/Diana-Baraka.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mungai Mbaya  a matsayin Brian Baraka&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winston is a pillar of the Makutano community |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/Brian-Baraka.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mulanis ====

* Jim Were &lt;ref name=&quot;The Mulani's family trees&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Mulani's family tree |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/family-trees/the-mulanis.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Jonathan Mulani
* Salome Kinyanjui &lt;ref name=&quot;The Mulani's family trees&quot; /&gt; a matsayin Rose Mulani
* Beatrice Wangechi  a matsayin Kara Mulani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MJ's Kara Mulani |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/kara-mulani.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006090219/http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/kara-mulani.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Emily Wanja  a matsayin Red Mulani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet Red Mulani |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/red-mulani.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction |archive-date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006104253/http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/red-mulani.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kamau Mbaya &lt;ref name=&quot;The Mulani's family trees&quot; /&gt; a matsayin Tobby Mulani

==== Mukaras ====

* Uncornfirmed actor &lt;ref name=&quot;The Mukaras&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mukaras Family tree |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/family-trees/the-mukaras.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006075451/http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/family-trees/the-mukaras.html |archive-date=6 October 2015 |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction}}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Leonard
* [[Lizz Njagah]] &lt;ref name=&quot;The Mukaras&quot; /&gt; a matsayin Nancy Mukara
* Angela Ndambuki a matsayin Nancy # 2 (Season 2 kawai) 
* [[Peter Nzioki]] &lt;ref name=&quot;The Mukaras&quot; /&gt; a matsayin Albert Mukara

==== Okodis ====

* Naomi Kamau &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The actress Naomi Kamau |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/mama-mboga.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Mama Mboga
* Cajetan Boy  a matsayin Erasmus Okodi &lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Okodi family tree |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/family-trees/the-okodis.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;
* Dan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba  a matsayin Peggy Okodi &lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;
* Dan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba  a matsayin Mari Okodi &lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;
* Uncornfirmed actor  a matsayin Joni Okodi (yaro) &lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Okidis&quot; /&gt;

==== Masu aski da masu gyaran gashi ====

===== Masu aski =====

* Frobisher Lwanga &lt;ref name=&quot;The H and B&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Makutano saloonists |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/family-trees/the-barbers-and-hairdressers.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017035440/http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/family-trees/the-barbers-and-hairdressers.html |archive-date=17 October 2020 |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction}}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin Dodgy D &lt;ref name=&quot;The H and B&quot; /&gt;
* Abubakar Mwenda &lt;ref name=&quot;The H and B&quot; /&gt; a matsayin Bill &lt;ref name=&quot;The H and B&quot; /&gt;
* Jeff Shigoli  a matsayin Ben&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winston is a pillar of the Makutano community |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/Ben.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=Makutano Junction }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sauran simintin ==

* Damaris Irungu a matsayin Pendo
* Tonny Njuguna a matsayin Dokta Charles
* Patrick Serro a matsayin Washington
* [[Charles Bukeko]] a matsayin Matata
* Lucy Njoroge a matsayin Bettina
* Katherine Damaris a matsayin Mama Pima
* Natasha Likimani a matsayin Catherine A.K.A Kate
* Joed Ngaruiya a matsayin Shani
* Ngwatilo Mawiyoo a matsayin Lilian
* Isaac Muwawu a matsayin Joseph Matata
* Nungari Kang'ethe a matsayin Mrs. Matata
* [[Mbeki Mwalimu]] a matsayin Dokta Hannah Wasali
* Justin Mirichii a matsayin Elvis Kipmau
* Joan Samia a matsayin Stella
* Henry Njenga a matsayin Henri Drani
* Malcolm Mwakazi a matsayin Steve
* Kenneth Ambani a matsayin Shaka
* Gloria Moraa a matsayin Yvonne
* Bangaskiya Nyanga a matsayin Letisha
* Gitura Kamau a matsayin K.K.
* Samantha Wanjiru a matsayin Peninah
* Allan Weku a matsayin Frankie
* Irene Kariuki a matsayin Rahama
* Diana Kamau a matsayin Hellen
* Lucia Shikuku a matsayin Cheryl

== Watsa shirye-shirye ==
Tun lokacin da aka fara, an watsa shirye-shiryen ''Makutano Junction'' a duk [[Gabashin Afirka]]. A [[Kenya]] ya yi rikodin masu kallo na yau da kullun na masu kallo miliyan 7 a shekarar 2013, &lt;ref name=&quot;Crazy bitch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Makutano, Junction Viewership |url=http://www.mediae.org/tv-media/makutano-junction |access-date=7 October 2015 |website=.mediae.org |archive-date=7 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007055843/http://www.mediae.org/tv-media/makutano-junction |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda ya sa ya zama shirin da aka fi kallo a kasar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The makutano |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/about-the-project.html |access-date=6 October 2015 |publisher=MJATP }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], ya yi rikodin matsakaicin masu kallo miliyan 2 da kuma yawan masu kallo miliyan 3 a [[Uganda]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Viewership ratings in UG and TZ |url=http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/MediaBroad/CaseStudy_MakutanoJunction.pdf%26sa%3DU%26ved%3D0CAoQFjACahUKEwjBnsXL9q7IAhUFWxoKHektCkk%26sig2%3D-T3yA9skS3I5YeN0snCZQA%26usg%3DAFQjCNGUb7fBkNqhe3tmOE5rUs2zW_7yqg |access-date=7 October 2015 |publisher=Media Broad |archive-date=7 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151007185740/http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/MediaBroad/CaseStudy_MakutanoJunction.pdf%26sa%3DU%26ved%3D0CAoQFjACahUKEwjBnsXL9q7IAhUFWxoKHektCkk%26sig2%3D-T3yA9skS3I5YeN0snCZQA%26usg%3DAFQjCNGUb7fBkNqhe3tmOE5rUs2zW_7yqg |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Fim]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Carrie (fim na 2002)</title>
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      <text bytes="6073" sha1="gy0e9cnlts4vjr95z96kjl1dpudsgo4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 
'''''Carrie''''' fim ne mai ban tsoro na talabijin na shekara ta 2002, wanda ya samo asali ne daga littafin [[Stephen King]] na shekara ta 1974. Shi ne fim na biyu da aka yi amfani da shi kuma sake tunanin littafin, kuma fim na uku a cikin Carrie franchise. Bryan Fuller ne ya rubuta fim din, wanda David Carson ya jagoranta, kuma taurari Angela Bettis ne suka taka rawar gani. A cikin labarin, Carrie White, yarinya mai jin kunya wacce abokan makarantar ta tsananta mata, ta ɓace kuma jerin abubuwan da suka faru sun nuna abin da ya faru da ita.

Kayan haɗin gwiwar kasa da kasa tsakanin Kanada da Amurka, Trilogy Entertainment Group da MGM Television ne suka samar da ''Carrie'' bisa buƙatar gidan talabijin na [[NBC]]. An yi fim a [[Vancouver]], an ba da izini a matsayin fasalin da ke tsaye ta hanyar cibiyar sadarwa amma ɗakunan sun yi niyyar su a matsayin matukin jirgi na baya don yiwuwar jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin. An canza ƙarshen littafin daidai da haka, amma ba a taɓa samar da jerin abubuwan da suka biyo baya ba.

Fim din ya fara ne a NBC a ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 2002, lokacin da mutane miliyan 12.21 suka kalli shi. Duk da karɓar gabatarwa don Kyautar Saturn don Kyautar Talabijin mafi kyau a 29th Saturn Awards da Kyautar American Society of Cinematographers don Kyautar Kyautattun Ayyuka a Cinematography a Motion Picture, Limited Series, ko Pilot Made for Television a 2002 American Society of Cinematographers Awards, masu sukar sun kaddamar da fim din. An soki shi saboda mummunan sakamako na musamman, rashin yanayi mai ban tsoro, da kuma dogon lokaci; duk da haka, wasan kwaikwayon daga simintin, musamman Bettis da Patricia Clarkson, an yaba da su sosai.

== Makirci ==
'Yan sanda sun yi hira da mutane da yawa, ciki har da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare Sue Snell da malamin motsa jiki Rita Desjarden. Detective John Mulcahey yana binciken bacewar wani dalibi na makarantar sakandare kuma wanda ake zargi da konewa, Carrie White. Wadannan tambayoyin sun bayyana abubuwan da suka gabata.

Mako guda kafin bikin a makarantar sakandare ta Ewen, Carrie White yarinya ce mai kaɗaici, mai jin kunya wacce sanannun 'yan mata ke zaluntawa, musamman Chris Hargensen da Tina Blake. Bayan aji na motsa jiki, lokacin da Carrie ke da lokacinta na farko yayin wanka, 'yan mata sun kai mata hari kuma sun kunyata ta har sai Ms. Desjarden ta shiga tsakani kuma ta'azantar da Carrie. Shugaban Morton ya yanke shawarar tura Carrie gida amma ya kira ta da sunan da ba daidai ba. Carrie mai fushi ta yi ihu, ta sa teburin Morton ya motsa inci da yawa. Lokacin da take komawa gida, wani yaro a kan keke ya kusanci Carrie, wanda ba'a ba daidai ba ne lokacin da ya tashi daga kekensa ba tare da bayani ba kuma ya fadi cikin itace. Lokacin da ta isa gidanta, Carrie tana da flashback game da yarinta. Mahaifiyarta mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, Margaret White, wacce ke ɗaukar haila alama ce ta zunubi na jima'i, ta kulle Carrie a cikin &quot;kayan addu'a&quot; a matsayin horo.

Kashegari, Ms. Desjarden ta ba 'yan mata mako guda a tsare saboda cin zarafin Carrie. Idan wani daga cikinsu ya tsallake tsare, za a dakatar da su sabili da haka a dakatar da shi daga bikin. Chris ne kawai ya ki yin biyayya, don haka an dakatar da ita daga bikin. Bayan mahaifin Chris John Hargensen, lauya, ya yi ƙoƙari ya soke haramcin, sai ta nemi saurayinta Billy Nolan don ɗaukar fansa a kan Carrie. A halin yanzu, Carrie ta gano cewa tana da telekinesis, ikon motsa abubuwa da hankalinta. Bayan wani labari na telekinetic a cikin aji, Carrie ta koma gida kuma ta horar da baiwarta. Sue, wacce ke jin nadama game da azabtar da Carrie, ta nemi saurayinta Tommy Ross ya kai Carrie zuwa bikin. Tare da wasu firgici, Carrie ta yarda. Lokacin da ta gaya wa mahaifiyarta game da gayyatar bikin, Margaret ta hana ta tafi. A ƙarshe, an zuga Carrie ta yi amfani da ikonta don fuskantar mahaifiyarta kuma Margaret da alama ta ba da gudummawa.

A daren biki, Tina ta sauya kuri'un gabatarwa tare da na karya don a zabi Carrie da Tommy a matsayin Sarauniya da Sarki. Yayin da Tommy da Carrie suka ɗauki matsayinsu a kan mataki, Chris, wanda ke ɓoye a cikin katako tare da Billy, ya ja igiya, wanda ya sa guga na jinin alade ya faɗi a kan Carrie. Chris ya saki igiyar kuma guga ta fadi a kan Tommy, ta kashe shi.

Carrie ta shiga cikin rikici mai ban tsoro kuma ta kulle kowa a cikin dakin motsa jiki don fara fansa a makaranta. A cikin trance, Carrie ta girgiza dukan dakin, ta haifar da fitilu su faɗi kuma su haskaka, suna murkushewa da kashe mutane yayin da suke ƙoƙarin guduwa, yayin da haske ɗaya ya fadi kuma ya fara wuta. Tsarin sprinkler yana aiki, kuma lokacin da Carrie ta saukar da allon lantarki don buga bene mai laushi, yana aika da wutar lantarki ga kowa da kowa a cikin dakin motsa jiki, yana kashe su duka, sai dai 'yan dalibai da suka tsere ta hanyar iska tare da Ms. Desjarden.

Carrie sai ta bar makarantar da ke cin wuta ta yi tafiya zuwa gida, ta haifar da mummunar lalacewa a duk garin. Lokacin da Chris da Billy suka ga Carrie tana tafiya zuwa gare su, Billy ya yi ƙoƙari ya kori ta amma Carrie ta jefa motarsu cikin sanda, ta kashe su.

Lokacin da Carrie ta isa gida, sai ta shiga cikin wanka, inda a ƙarshe ta koma kanta amma ba tare da tunawa da abin da ya faru ba. Margaret ta shiga cikin gidan wanka kuma ta ga 'yarta maƙaryaciya ce saboda lalata garin sannan ta yi ƙoƙari ta nutsar da ita a cikin tub. Tare da ƙarfinta na ƙarshe, Carrie ta dakatar da zuciyar mahaifiyarta. Sue ta sami Carrie kuma ta sami damar farfado da ita ta hanyar ba da numfashi biyu. A shawarar Sue, Carrie ta yi ƙarya game da mutuwarta kuma Sue ta fitar da ita daga garin zuwa Florida. Yayin da su biyun suka tafi, Carrie tana da mummunan hangen nesa game da mahaifiyarta. Lokacin da ta farka, sai ta yi tunanin Chris yana bugun kanta. Da ta lura da wannan, Sue ta tambaye ta idan tana so ta tsaya na ɗan lokaci, amma Carrie ta gaya mata ta ci gaba da tuki.￼

== Masu ba da labari ==
 {{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makarantar daji</title>
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'''Makarantar Wilderness makaranta''' ce mai zaman kanta, wacce ba ta addini ba [[Kiristanci|ce]], kuma [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana ce]] ta ' yan mata, wacce ke Medindie, wani yanki na arewacin [[Adelaide]], Kudancin Ostiraliya.

Iyalan Brown sun kafa makarantar a shekarar 1884 tare da 'yan mata huɗu da ƙaramin yaro ɗaya, Andrew Muecke, a matsayin ɗalibai,&lt;ref name=&quot;start1886&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Misses Brown grow a home school at North Adelaide from 1884 into Wilderness at Medindie; thriving in 21st Century |url=https://adelaideaz.com/articles/the-misses-brown-at-wilderness--caroline-jacobs--tormore-house-extend-dame-tradition |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Adelaide AZ |language=English }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wilderness makarantar Aji 12 ce, kuma tana kula da ɗalibai na Aji 13. Makarantar ta ɗauki kimanin ɗalibai 820 a shekarar 2007, ciki har da ɗaliban da suka kai 80 [[Makarantar allo|a cikin makarantar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ABSA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Wilderness School |url=http://www.boarding.org.au/site/school_detail.cfm?schID=175 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117110520/http://www.boarding.org.au/site/school_detail.cfm?schID=175 |archive-date=November 17, 2007 |access-date=2008-05-21 |website=Schools |publisher=Australian Boarding Schools' Association}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2003, ''The Australian'' ta ayyana Makarantar Wilderness a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantu goma mafiya samun nasara a Ostiraliya. 

Makarantar Wilderness tana da alaƙa da Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun 'Yancin Kai ta Ostiraliya (AHISA),&lt;ref name=&quot;AHISA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=School Directory |url=http://www.ahisa.com.au/Display.aspx?tabid=3243&amp; |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719060121/http://www.ahisa.com.au/Display.aspx?tabid=3243&amp; |archive-date=2008-07-19 |access-date=2008-05-21 |website=South Australia |publisher=Association of Heads of Independent Schools of Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar Shugabannin Makarantun Ƙarami ta Ostiraliya (JSHAA),&lt;ref name=&quot;jshaa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=JSHAA South Australian Directory of Members |url=http://www.jshaa.asn.au/southaustralia/directory/index.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406045335/http://www.jshaa.asn.au/southaustralia/directory/index.asp |archive-date=2008-04-06 |access-date=2008-05-21 |website=South Australia Branch |publisher=Junior School Heads' Association of Australia}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar Makarantun Ajiya ta Ostiraliya,&lt;ref name=&quot;ABSA&quot;/&gt; Ƙungiyar Makarantun 'Yan Mata ta Australasia (AGSA) &lt;ref name=&quot;AGSA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Jan |year=2006 |title=Member Schools |url=http://www.agsa.org.au/members.php?PageID=11&amp;Alpha=W |access-date=2008-05-21 |website=Members |publisher=The Alliance of Girls' Schools Australasia}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Ƙungiyar Wasannin Makarantun 'Yan Mata Masu Zaman Kansu (IGSSA).

== Tarihi ==
Iyalan Brown ne suka ƙirƙiri makarantar, waɗanda suka ƙarfafa babbar 'yarsu Margaret Hamilton Brown ta himmatu wajen sha'awar ilimi bayan da kasuwancin mahaifinta ya gaza. An haifi Margaret a Edinburgh kuma ta yi karatu a Kudancin Ostiraliya kuma ta nuna hazaka wajen koyarwa. A shekara ta 1884 ta fara ƙaramin makaranta a gidan iyayenta [1] tare da ƙanwarta, Mary (Mamie) Home Brown, a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban farko biyar.[2] A shekara mai zuwa, iyalin suka ƙaura, Margaret ta fara makarantar yara kanana bisa kayan wasan yara daga Jamus da ra'ayoyin Friedrich Froebel . Yayin da yaran suka girma, haka nan abin da makarantar ta mayar da hankali a kai ya faru, kuma a shekara ta 1893, Margaret ta sayi gini a Northcote Terrace don ɗaukar nauyin wata makaranta da daga baya ta sake wa suna &quot;The Wilderness&quot;.[1]
[[Fayil:The-brown-sisters_in_c_1946_at_the_Wilderness_School.jpg|left|thumb|'Yan'uwa mata huɗu 'yan Brown da suka tsira a shekarar 1946]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mark Esho</title>
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[[Fayil:MarkEsho.jpg|right|thumb|Mark Esho a Leicester Mercury Sports Awards a watan Janairun 2008.]]
'''Mark Abayomi Esho''' MBE (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Agustan shekara ta alif 1962) ɗan kasuwa ne na Burtaniya. Shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma mai haɗin gwiwar Easy Internet Services Ltd da Easy Internet Solutions Lt. &lt;ref name=&quot;Online pioneer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Online pioneer |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/online-pioneer/story-12044801-detail/story.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327222930/https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/online-pioneer/story-12044801-detail/story.html |archive-date=27 March 2014 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Online-Pioneer}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An haifi Esho a Leicestershire a shekarar 1962. A lokacin da yake da shekaru biyar, ya kamu da cutar shan inna, ya bar shi gurgu daga wuyansa zuwa ƙasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;I had to build people's trust without meeting them...&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchener |first=Helen |title='I had to build people's trust without meeting them...' |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Build-Trust }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Da farko an ba shi damar rayuwa ta kashi 10 cikin dari, amma daga ƙarshe ya sami damar sake samun iyakantaccen motsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;About me&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Esho |first=Mark |title=About me |url=http://www.markesho.com/about-me/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=MarkEsho.com |ref=About-me}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Esho ya koma [[Najeriya]] yana da shekaru takwas don fara makarantar al'ada, kafin ya koma Leicester yana da shekaru 18. Daga baya ya kammala MBA a Jami'ar De Montfort . &lt;ref name=&quot;About me&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyukan kasuwanci ==
Esho ya yi aiki na shekaru bakwai a Leicester a matsayin Manajan Sabis na Mosaic, ƙungiyar agaji ta gida.&lt;ref name=&quot;Online pioneer&quot;/&gt; Saboda gajiya mai tsanani da cutar shan inna ta haifar tun yana yaro, ya yanke shawarar fara kasuwancin kansa maimakon ci gaba da aiki tara zuwa biyar.&lt;ref name=&quot;I had to build people's trust without meeting them...&quot;/&gt;

Esho ya fara Houses-Online a cikin 1999, shafin yanar gizon lissafin dukiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;I had to build people's trust without meeting them...&quot;/&gt; Aikin ya ƙare ba da daɗewa ba, kuma Esho ya fara kasuwanci na biyu a cikin 2000 a ƙarƙashin sunan Rank4U. A lokacin yana ɗaya daga cikin kamfanoni huɗu kawai na inganta injin bincike a Burtaniya, kuma yana ba da sabis ga abokan ciniki ciki har da [[The Guardian]] da The Co-operative Group . &lt;ref name=&quot;Online pioneer&quot;/&gt;

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Esho ta haɓaka kamfanoni biyu a lokaci guda: Easy Internet Services (bincike engine optimization, yanzu a ƙarƙashin sunan 123 Ranking) &lt;ref name=&quot;Search Engine Optimisation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) Leicester and Beyond |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/search-engine-optimisation/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Easy Internet |ref=SEO}}&lt;/ref&gt; da Easy Internet Solutions (daga baya Free Virtual Servers, daga baya FVS Hosting). &lt;ref name=&quot;FVS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=What are the differences between Easy Internet Solutions, FreeVirtualServers, etc.? |url=http://help.freevirtualservers.com/index.php?/Knowledgebase/Article/View/187/4/what-are-the-differences-between-easy-internet-solutions-freevirtualservers-etc |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Free Virtual Servers |ref=FVS }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Dukkanin kasuwancin sun kasance masu karɓar ma'aikata na nesa, kuma Esho ya kasance mai goyon bayan murya na software na sa ido na nesa ga ma'aikata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monitoring&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pegden |first=Tom |date=22 October 2014 |title=Easy Internet Services and Solutions boss says monitoring software maintains productivity |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/easy-internet-services-solutions-boss-says/story-23338337-detail/story.html |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Monitoring |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025190304/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Easy-Internet-Services-Solutions-boss-says/story-23338337-detail/story.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2020, Mark ya kafa Access Rating, kamfani na zamantakewa da kuma mai ba da shawara kan masu nakasa. An saki aikace-aikacen Access Rating a kan layi, yana bawa masu nakasa damar gabatar da sake dubawa don wuraren jama'a a duk faɗin Burtaniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &amp;#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja da karbuwa ==
Esho ita ce ta lashe lambar yabo ta farko ta kasa don Kasuwanci a watan Satumbar 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;Disabed Entrepreneurs UK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview: Mark Esho (Entrepreneur of Excellence: Race) |url=http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/10/21/2012/interview-mark-esho/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disabled Entrepreneurs UK |ref=DE}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Disability Group&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Disability Role Models: Mark Esho |url=http://www.diversitygroup.co.uk/mark-esho/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disability Group |ref=DG |archive-date=15 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815235758/http://www.diversitygroup.co.uk/mark-esho/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;FVS-12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 September 2012 |title=FVS Managing Director, Mark Esho, Wins at The National Diversity Awards 2012 |url=https://www.freevirtualservers.com/blog/fvs-managing-director-mark-esho-wins-the-national-diversity-awards-2012/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=FVS Hosting |ref=FVS-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Easy Internet ya ci gaba da tallafawa National Diversity Awards a Leeds a shekara mai zuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;DE Sponsor 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Easy Internet Solutions Ltd Sponsors 2013 National Diversity Awards |url=http://www.disabledentrepreneurs.co.uk/08/14/2013/easy-internet-solutions-ltd-sponsors-2013-national-diversity-awards/1750/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Disabled Entrepreneurs |ref=DESponsor}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2012, ya gabatar da lambar yabo ta Matashi a 11th African and African Caribbean Achievement Awards. &lt;ref name=&quot;AACAA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pollock |first=Sandra |title=11th African and African Caribbean Acheivement [sic] Awards |url=http://open-mind-training-development.co.uk/uncategorized/11th-african-and-african-caribbean-acheivement-awards/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Open Mind Training and Development |ref=AACAA |archive-date=19 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919081122/http://open-mind-training-development.co.uk/uncategorized/11th-african-and-african-caribbean-acheivement-awards/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Fabrairun 2013, an yi hira da Esho a gidan rediyo na BBC Leicester game da labarinsa da goyon bayan gwamnati ga masu neman aiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dixon |first=Dulcie |date=27 February 2013 |title=Paralysed with Polio, and bouncing back in business – Leicester |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p015n0lf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=BBC Radio Leicester |ref=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Yulin 2013, Esho ya sadu da Firayim Minista [[David Cameron]] kuma an nuna shi a matsayin binciken shari'a a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin Gwamnatin nakasassu.&lt;ref name=&quot;DWP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=One year on – breaking down the barriers to employment |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/360588/disability-confident-one-year-on.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Department for Work and Pensions |ref=DWP}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DWP2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Disability Confident: downloadable and video case studies |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/disability-confident-case-studies/disability-confident-case-studies |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Department for Work and Pensions |ref=DWP2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VIDEO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 July 2013 |title=Mark Esho talks about the skills disabled people bring to a job |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5iMxRhpGnk |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Disability Confident |via=YouTube |ref=VIDEO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ci gaba da goyon bayan Esho ga ma'aikatan nakasassu da masu neman aiki a Burtaniya an kuma ambaci shi ta hanyar Babban Kasuwancin Gwamnati da Ministan Jiha na nakasassu a lokacin, Mike Penning.&lt;ref name=&quot;Great Business&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=A man who knows no barriers |url=http://www.greatbusiness.gov.uk/a-man-who-knows-no-barriers/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Great Business |ref=GB |archive-date=21 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221074539/http://www.greatbusiness.gov.uk/a-man-who-knows-no-barriers/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MP&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Penning |first=Mike |date=7 February 2014 |title=Columnist: Mike Penning MP |url=http://ablemagazine.co.uk/columnist-mike-penning-mp/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Able Magazine |ref=MP}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2013, Esho ta kasance wani ɓangare na kwamitin yanke hukunci na Leicester Mercury's &quot;Leicestershire's Young Business Executive of the Year Award&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;DMU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DMU graduate named Leicestershire's Young Business Executive of the Year |url=http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2013/november/dmu-graduate-named-leicestershires-young-business-executive-of-the-year.aspx |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=De Montfort University |ref=DMU |archive-date=9 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709032030/http://www.dmu.ac.uk/about-dmu/news/2013/november/dmu-graduate-named-leicestershires-young-business-executive-of-the-year.aspx |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2016, Easy Internet Solutions ya zama mai kula da Leicestershire Law Society .  Daga baya a wannan shekarar, an zabi Esho a Cibiyar Daraktoci ta Gabashin Midlands Darakta na Shekara, wanda ya faru a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2016. &lt;ref name=&quot;IoD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IoD East Midlands Director of the Year Awards 2016 |url=http://www.iod.com/connecting/events/2016/june/dotya-emids-2016-m06061 |access-date=6 July 2016 |publisher=Institute of Directors |ref=IoD}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba shi takardar shaidar da aka yaba da ita sosai a cikin rukunin &quot;Director of the Year SME - Small&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;LMIoD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pegden |first=Tom |title=Institute of Directors Annual Awards: Leicestershire Winners |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/institute-of-directors-annual-awards-leicestershire-winners/story-29465746-detail/story.html |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=LMIoD }}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EMBN&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winners announced for IoD East Midlands 2016 awards |url=http://eastmidlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/winners-announced-for-iod-east-midlands-2016-awards/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=East Midlands Business News |ref=EMBN |archive-date=26 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070923/http://eastmidlandsbusinessnews.co.uk/winners-announced-for-iod-east-midlands-2016-awards/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin 2019, Mark ya lashe lambar yabo ta Cibiyar Darakta ta Gabashin Midlands ta Shekara don Haɗuwa, wanda ya sa ya zama dan wasan karshe don kyaututtuka na kasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &amp;#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada Esho a matsayin [[Order of the British Empire|memba na Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) a cikin girmamawar Sabuwar Shekara ta 2022 don hidimomi ga kasuwanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &amp;#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rubuce-rubuce ==
A cikin 2018, littafin farko na Mark, 'I Can. I Will.' an buga shi ne ta hanyar Rethink Press.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &amp;#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Littafin ya bayyana yadda ya kamu da cutar shan inna yana da shekaru biyar da kuma tasirin da yake da shi a rayuwarsa. Ya tattauna matsalolin da ya fuskanta wajen samun ilimi da kuma cin zarafin da ya sha a hannun mahaifinsa, kafin ya zama dan kasuwa mai cin nasara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &amp;#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Esho ya rufe batutuwa kamar nuna bambanci da nakasa kuma ya ƙare kowane babi tare da tunani game da gwagwarmayarsa da darussan da ya koya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Access Rating &amp;#124; About Us |url=https://www.accessrating.com/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kaddamar da littafin Leicester a ranar Alhamis 27 ga Satumba 2018 a Kungiyar Fasaha ta Sarauniya Victoria a cikin yankin al'adu na birnin. Wakilan kasuwanci na cikin gida, Rotarians da abokai da dangi sun halarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 October 2018 |title=Bestselling Leicester Author Celebrates Launch of Chart-Topping Book |url=http://dluxe-magazine.co.uk/leicester-2/arts-in-leicester/bestselling-leicester-author-celebrates-launch-of-chart-topping-book-2/ |website=dluxe-magazine.co.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya biyo bayan ƙaddamar da London da aka shirya a Rotary HQ kuma jakadan Rotary polio Konnie Huq ya halarta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 October 2018 |title=Konnie Huq: Why the world can defeat polio |url=https://www.rotarygbi.org/konnie-huq-why-the-world-can-defeat-polio/ |website=www.rotarygbi.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wasanni ==
Esho dan wasa ne mai ƙwazo kuma mai goyon bayan kungiyoyin wasanni na keken guragu.&lt;ref name=&quot;I had to build people's trust without meeting them...2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kitchener |first=Helen |title='I had to build people's trust without meeting them...' |url=https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Mercury |ref=Build-Trust |archive-date=21 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821165208/https://www.easy-internet.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/markesho3.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kamfanin sa na Easy Internet Services ya dauki nauyin Leicester Cobras, kulob din kwando na keken guragu na gida da kuma sadaka, na shekaru da yawa.&lt;ref name=&quot;I had to build people's trust without meeting them...2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cobras2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Information About Sponsorship |url=http://www.leicestercobras.org.uk/sponsors/sponsors/ |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Leicester Cobras Wheelchair Basketball Club |ref=Cobras}}&lt;/ref&gt; Esho ta kuma shiga gasar tennis ta keken guragu da yawa. Ya shiga gasar farko ta Loughborough Wheelchair Tennis Open a Jami'ar Loughborgh a shekarar 2014, da kuma gasar farko ta Grantham Tennis Club a watan Agustan shekara ta 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lbro2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Warrington |first=Pete |date=13 February 2014 |title=Lambert nets two titles at the inaugural Loughborough Wheelchair Tennis open |url=http://www.loughboroughecho.net/sport/other-sport/john-lambert-served-up-master-6702556 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Loughborough Echo |ref=Lbro}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grantham2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=TENNIS: Grantham club hosts first wheelchair tournament |url=http://www.granthamjournal.co.uk/sport/other-sport/tennis-grantham-club-hosts-first-wheelchair-tournament-1-6911974 |access-date=6 July 2016 |website=Grantham Journal |ref=Grantham}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1962]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mark Williams (ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Australiya, an haife shi a shekara ta 1958)</title>
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'''Mark Melville Williams''' (an haife shi a ranar 21 ga watan Agustan shekara ta 1958) tsohon dan wasan kwallon kafa ne kuma kocin Australiya. A matsayinsa na dan wasa, Williams ta wakilci West Adelaide da Port Adelaide a Kudancin Kudancin Australia (SANFL), da kuma Collingwood da Brisbane Bears a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Australiya (AFL), daga shekarun 1970 zuwa 1990.

One of several successful father-son combinations in Australian rules football, Williams became a successful coach after finishing his playing career, leading Port Adelaide to their first AFL premiership in 2004.

== Ayyukan wasa ==

=== Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Kudancin Australia (SANFL) ===

==== Yammacin Adelaide ====
Dan mashahurin kwallon kafa na Kudancin Australia Fos Williams, Williams ya fara wasa ne tare da West Adelaide a Kudancin Kudancin Australiya (SANFL), inda mahaifinsa ke aiki a matsayin koci. Ya wakilci West Adelaide a lokuta 64 don kwallaye 37.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausfooty profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MARK WILLIAMS |url=https://australianfootball.com/players/player/Mark%2BWilliams/11523 |access-date=14 March 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Port Adelaide (SANFL) ====
Williams daga nan ya koma Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Port Adelaide a Kudancin Australia (SANFL), ya zama daya daga cikin taurari na gasar, inda ya kasance wani ɓangare na bangarorin Firayim Minista na 1979 da 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausfooty profile&quot;/&gt;

=== Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Victoria (VFL) / Kungiyar Kwando ta Australia (AFL) ===

==== Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Collingwood (1981-1986) ====
Bayan kakar 1980, Collingwood ya dauki Williams, inda ya fara buga [[Victoria Australian rules football team|Victoria]]_Football_League_(1897–1989)&quot; id=&quot;mwMQ&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Victorian Football League (1897–1989)&quot;&gt;Gasar kwallon kafa ta Victoria (VFL) a kakar 1981. Williams ya tabbatar da karin magana game da daukar shi ta hanyar lashe zaben jihar don Victoria da kuma Copeland Trophy. An kira shi a tsakiyar Collingwood a 1981 Grand Final da Carlton. Collingwood ya rasa, amma an san Williams a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasan Magpies mafi kyau a ranar. Lokacin da John Cahill ya zama babban kocin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Collingwood bayan wani yanayi mai rikitarwa a shekarar 1982, ya nada Williams a matsayin kyaftin, bayan ya yi aiki tare da shi a Port Adelaide. A shekara ta 1984, Williams ya jagoranci Collingwood, inda ya zira kwallaye 53 a kakar. Koyaya, ba shi da damar zuwa wasan karshe na farko saboda rauni, kuma Collingwood ya sauka zuwa ga Essendon na farko da maki 133. Williams ya kasance kyaftin din Collingwood har sai da ya bar a ƙarshen 1986 bayan takaddamar kwangila.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausfooty profile&quot;/&gt;

==== Brisbane Bears (1987-1990) ====
Williams ya shiga Brisbane Bears, sabon kulob din da ya shiga Gasar kwallon kafa ta Victoria (VFL) a shekarar 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausfooty profile&quot;/&gt; An nada shi mataimakin kyaftin din Mark Mickan a sabon kulob din. Williams ya buga wasanni uku da rabi daga 1987 har zuwa 1990 zuwa jimlar wasanni 66 ga Bears, kafin ya yi ritaya daga Bears a tsakiyar kakar 1990 ta AFL.&lt;ref name=&quot;ausfooty profile&quot; /&gt;

=== Komawa zuwa SANFL ===
Williams ya koma Port Adelaide, kuma ya gama kakar 1990 a can, kafin ya sake buga wasanni biyu. A cikin wasanni biyu da ya yi a Port Adelaide, Williams ya buga wasanni 115, ya zira kwallaye 104, kuma ya lashe gasar Firimiya hudu. Ya yi ritaya daga wasa a ƙarshen 1992, tare da jimlar wasanni 380 da sunansa.[1] Williams ya kuma kasance wani ɓangare na bangarorin Firayim Minista na 1990 da 1992.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1958]]</text>
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    <title>Martha J. Ross</title>
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'''Martha Jackson Ross''' (18 ga Yuli, 1923 - 5 ga Afrilu, 2013) ta kasance babbar murya a fagen [[Tarihin baki]]. Ta gudanar da tarihin baki da ɗalibai masu ilimi da takwarorinta a kan mafi kyawun ayyuka da dabarun. Ross ya kasance shugaban Ƙungiyar Tarihin Magana kuma memba ne na kafa kuma shugaban kungiyar Tarihi ta Magana ta Yankin Mid-Atlantic (OHMAR).

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Ross a Selma, Alabama.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Collection: Martha J. Ross papers {{!}} Archival Collections |url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1327 |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=archives.lib.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MARTHA ROSS - Obituary |url=https://www.legacy.com/amp/obituaries/washingtonpost/164316152 |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=www.legacy.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memoriam: Martha Jackson Ross |url=https://www.oralhistory.org/2013/11/11/in-memoriam-martha-jackson-ross/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Oral History Association |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kammala karatu daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Selma a shekara ta 1941.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A lokacin makarantar sakandare, Ross ta shirya jaridar makarantar ta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Donald |title=Interview with Martha Ross |url=https://ohmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Martha-Ross-Pogue-Interview-Don-Ritchie.pdf |website=OHMAR }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ross ta halarci Kwalejin Mata ta Montevallo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Martha Ross |url=https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/martha-ross |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Atomic Heritage Foundation |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Martha Jackson Ross (1923–2013) {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/november-2013/in-memoriam-martha-jackson-ross |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=www.historians.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ross ya rubuta wa jaridar makaranta kuma ya kasance editan littafin shekara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Ta sami digiri na farko a Turanci da tarihi a shekara ta 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Ross ta koma makaranta bayan ta yi aiki da kuma tayar da iyalinta. A shekara ta 1969, ta shiga [[George Washington University|Jami'ar George Washington]] ta Ci gaban Sabon Halitta don Mata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memoriam: Martha Jackson Ross |url=https://www.oralhistory.org/2013/11/11/in-memoriam-martha-jackson-ross/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Oral History Association |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Donald |title=Interview with Martha Ross |url=https://ohmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Martha-Ross-Pogue-Interview-Don-Ritchie.pdf |website=OHMAR }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:63&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Martha Jackson Ross (1923–2013) {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/november-2013/in-memoriam-martha-jackson-ross |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=www.historians.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin wannan shirin na makonni 15, da farko ta yi tunanin tana so ta yi wani abu a fagen Sadarwa, mai yiwuwa talabijin na ilimi ko ci gaban shirye-shirye.&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot; /&gt; Koyaya, ta karanta wata kasida a cikin [[The Washington Post|Washington Post]] game da tarin [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburaren Majalisa]] na Tarayya Tarihin Tarihi na Tarihi tare da mutanen da suka kasance bayi a cikin shekarun 1930 kuma ta zama mai sha'awar fannin tarihin baki; wannan labarin ita ce gamuwa ta farko da kalmar &quot;tarihin baki.&lt;ref name=&quot;:33&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:43&quot; /&gt; Ross ta rubuta takarda don shirin ta kan tarihin baki kuma daga baya farfesa ta nemi ta gudanar da aikin tarihin baki don shirin Ci gaba New Horizons.&lt;ref name=&quot;:63&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:63&quot; /&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Ross ta rubuta wa jaridar garinsu kuma a matsayin marubuciya mai zaman kanta ga jaridar Birmingham.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Ta koma Oak Ridge, Tennessee, bayan kammala karatunta na farko don yin aiki a Oak Ridge National Laboratory.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar aikin a kan Manhattan Project.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-05 |title=Martha Ross |url=https://www.wonderlyhorvathhanesfuneralhome.com/martha-ross/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Wonderly Horvath Hanes Funeral Home &amp; Crematory |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;

Bayan ta haifi 'ya'yanta shida, Ross ta koma makaranta da aiki, tana karatu da koyar da tarihin baki. Ta koyar da karatun tarihin baki a Jami'ar George Washington a matsayin ma'aikaci na ɗan lokaci daga 1971-1972.&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-04-05 |title=Martha Ross |url=https://www.wonderlyhorvathhanesfuneralhome.com/martha-ross/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Wonderly Horvath Hanes Funeral Home &amp; Crematory |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Collection: Martha J. Ross papers {{!}} Archival Collections |url=https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1327 |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=archives.lib.umd.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Memoriam: Martha Jackson Ross |url=https://www.oralhistory.org/2013/11/11/in-memoriam-martha-jackson-ross/ |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=Oral History Association |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Martha Jackson Ross (1923–2013) {{!}} Perspectives on History {{!}} AHA |url=https://www.historians.org/publications-and-directories/perspectives-on-history/november-2013/in-memoriam-martha-jackson-ross |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=www.historians.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta koyar da wannan hanya tare da takwararta Meta Armstrong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Donald |title=Interview with Martha Ross |url=https://ohmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Martha-Ross-Pogue-Interview-Don-Ritchie.pdf |website=OHMAR }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirin ya ƙunshi masu magana da baƙi da yawa waɗanda suka kasance sanannun a fagen, gami da Forrest Pogue.&lt;ref name=&quot;:42&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:62&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2013]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makarantar Sakandare ta Mzingwane</title>
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'''Makarantar Sakandare ta Mzingwane''' a da makarantar sakandare ce ta gwamnati ta maza kaɗai da ke tsakiyar Esigodini, Matabeleland South . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mzingwane High School |url=https://www.zimplaza.co.zw/listing/mzingwane-high-school/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=ZimPlaza Business Directory |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da haka, sabbin abubuwan da ke faruwa na nuna cewa an samu sauyi, inda makarantar ta haɗa ɗalibai mata a hankali don magance raguwar yawan ɗalibai, wani tsari da aka lura a wasu makarantun jinsi ɗaya a yankin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Online |date=2025-03-03 |title=Single-sex schools struggle to survive |url=https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/single-sex-schools-struggle-to-survive/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=herald |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa ta a shekarar 1921 a Tsholotsho sannan aka ƙaura zuwa Essexvale a shekarar 1942 (yanzu Esigodini), 45&amp;nbsp;kilomita kudu maso gabashin Bulawayo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nyoni |first=Mthandazo |date=2014-07-12 |title=Mzingwane High teachers protest |url=http://www.southerneye.co.zw/2014/07/12/mzingwane-high-teachers-protest/ |publisher=southerneye.co.zw}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Mzingwane ==
A shekarar 1940, saboda wata mummunar cutar malaria ta kwakwalwa wadda, yayin da makarantar ta yi suna sosai, inda ɗalibai ke fitowa daga waje, musamman waɗanda suka fito daga Bechuanaland da Arewacin Rhodesia, kuma suka ɗauki wannan cuta zuwa gida, an yanke shawarar mayar da makarantar zuwa wurin da take a yanzu.

Duk da haka, wannan ya faru ne a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma akwai mutane kaɗan da ke da ƙwarewar tsara makaranta a ƙasar. Abin farin ciki, wani matashin mai gine-gine ɗan Birtaniya wanda ake horar da shi a kan abin da ake kira Gwelo, na Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Royal Air Force, ya ba da lokacinsa da son rai don yin aiki tare da shugaban makaranta John Hammond wajen tsara makarantar. Makarantar a wancan lokacin tana koyar da ƙwarewa kamar gini, aikin fata, aikin kafinta, kiwon dabbobi da noma da kuma darussan ilimi. Malaman makarantar, musamman malami Mathobi, Mavakatsha Dabengwa, Dembi Bulle, da Roger Malusalila, aji ɗaya lokaci guda zai je sabon wurin - da farko ya gina ɗakin kwana - sannan ya koma Tjolotjo don karatun ilimi ... kusa da sabon wurin don dasa bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace ... sannan ya koma Tjolotjo don karatun ilimi ... rukuni na gaba don gina aji da sauransu. Joshua Nkomo malamin kafinta ne a wancan lokacin kuma ya shiga cikin wannan babban motsi.

Gina makarantar Mzingwane ya ɗauki fiye da shekaru biyu kuma a ƙarshe a shekarar 1942 sauran makarantar sun shirya tsaf. Wannan ɓangare daga littafin [https://www.jillbakerauthor.com/beloved-african Beloved African] ya bayyana 'babban tafiya' don ƙaura daga Tjolotjo zuwa Mzingwane.

== Jagoranci ==
Tun daga watan Maris na 2022, shugaban makarantar sakandare ta Mzingwane shine '''[[Stanley Tizora]]''', wanda ke aiki a wannan matsayin a ƙarƙashin Ma'aikatar Ilimin Firamare da Sakandare ta Zimbabwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Chronicle |date=2024-10-28 |title=‘Invest in education to eradicate poverty’ |url=https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/invest-in-education-to-eradicate-poverty/ |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=herald |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tare da goyon bayan shugabancin makarantar, '''Herbert Ndlovu''' yana riƙe da matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban Makaranta. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da kula da ladabtarwa, hulɗa da shugabannin makarantu, da kuma shiga cikin Kwamitin Kuɗi na Makaranta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Mzingwane a yau ==
Makarantar ta jagoranci ɗalibai sama da 400. Taken makarantar shine ''Izenzo kunge Mazwi,'' ma'ana ''Ayyuka Suna Magana da Ƙarfi Fiye da Kalmomi'', kuma tambarin yana wakiltar Giwa. Obadiah Mlilo shine shugaban makarantar baƙar fata na farko a Mzingwane; ya jagoranci makarantar daga 1973 zuwa 1978. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 October 2015 |title=Mzingwane remains best in Mat South |url=https://www.chronicle.co.zw/mzingwane-remains-best-in-mat-south/ |access-date=2019-12-31 |website=The Chronicle |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mzingwane yana da babban sansanin tsofaffin ɗalibai a cikin ƙasar da kuma a ƙasashen waje. A ƙarƙashin tutar ƙungiyar tsofaffin samari ta Mzingwane (MOBA), waɗannan tsofaffin ɗaliban sun taimaka wajen haɓaka makarantar. Taken aikinsu shine &quot;maye gurbin kujera da tebur ɗinku&quot; yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙarin MOBA na taimaka wa makarantar ta hanyar siyan sabbin tebura da kujeru ga ɗalibai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mzingwane High School |url=https://www.zimplaza.co.zw/listing/mzingwane-high-school/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=ZimPlaza Business Directory |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wasanni da kulab ==
Dangane da nasarorin da makarantar sakandare ta samu a lokacin karatu, makarantar sakandare ta Mzingwane ta yi fice a wasanni da kuma fannin ilimi. Abin lura shi ne, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta lashe gasar Copa Coca-Cola ta ƙasa a shekarar 2012, kuma ɗalibai sun sami sakamako mai kyau a gasar lissafi ta ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mzingwane High School |url=https://www.zimplaza.co.zw/listing/mzingwane-high-school/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=ZimPlaza Business Directory |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta Mzingwane ta kasance zakaran gasar cin kofin ƙasa na 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta 2012 wanda aka buga a filin wasa na Chinotimba da ke [[Faɗuwar ruwan Victoria|Victoria Falls]] .  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=newsday |date=2012-07-30 |title=Mzingwane, Vainona clinch Copa Coca-Cola titles |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2012/07/2012-07-30-mzingwane-vainona-clinch-copa-cocacola-titles/ |access-date=2019-01-08 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya sanya Mzingwane ta zama makaranta ta farko daga lardin Kudu maso Yamma da ta lashe gasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2013-06-10 |title=Mzingwane to defend Copa Coca-Cola title |url=https://www.southerneye.co.zw/2013/06/10/mzingwane-to-defend-copa-coca-cola-title/ |access-date=2019-01-08 |website=Southern Eye |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sun lashe dala 6,500 na dalar Amurka kuma kocinsu Bekezela Mavundla ya lashe kyautar kocin shekara. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; An ayyana mai tsaron ragarsu, Paul Makotore a matsayin mai tsaron raga na gasar &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; kuma ya zaɓi mafi kyawun mai tsaron raga a Afirka a lokacin wani sansani a Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; A shekarar 2015, Lwazilwenkosi Mpofu da McKringle Mhlanga sun kasance zakarun gasar wasannin lissafi ta kasa ta Old Mutual, inda suka lashe lambobin zinare da azurfa. Tun daga shekarar 2015 har zuwa yau, makarantar ta kasance Zakaran Lardin Kare don Tambayoyin Aiki na Aids (NAC)

== Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai ==

* Nkululeko Innocent Dube, founder of IYASA &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mzingwane High School |url=https://www.zimplaza.co.zw/listing/mzingwane-high-school/?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=ZimPlaza Business Directory |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Mduduzi Mathuthu|Mduduzi Matthuthu]], editan &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwgA&quot;&gt;The Chronicle&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ''&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;''
* Jason Moyo, wanda ya kafa [[Sojojin Juyin Juya Halin Jama'ar Zimbabwe|rundunar sojojin juyin juya hali ta jama'ar Zimbabwe]] 
* Elijah Nkala, ɗan tseren gudu &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Lazarus Nkala, mai fafutukar juyin juya hali kuma ɗan siyasa 

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Milton Lamb</title>
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'''William Milton Lamb''' (14 Yuli 1909 - 21 Yuni 2006) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Australiya wanda ya buga wasa da Geelong a gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Victorian (VFL).

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Lamb, wanda aka dauka a cikin gida daga Kwalejin Geelong, ya kasance mai tsaron aljihu na baya. Ya buga dukkan wasanni 21 ga Geelong a 1930, gami da babbar asara ta ƙarshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFLTables&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AFL Tables: Milton Lamb |url=http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/M/Milton_Lamb.html |website=afltables.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kakar wasa mai zuwa ya rasa wasa daya kawai a duk shekara kuma ya sake fitowa a babban wasan karshe, a wannan lokacin ya kammala a cikin tawagar da ta lashe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFLTables&quot; /&gt; Ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan Geelong mafi kyau a Grand Final na 1931, tare da kicks 13 da kuma kyakkyawan aikin tsaro na Richmond rovers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Milton Lamb - Player Bio |url=http://australianfootball.com/players/player/Milton%2BLamb/4821 |access-date=14 August 2015 |publisher=Australian Football }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
Ya rayu har zuwa shekara 96 (ya mutu a ranar 21 ga Yuni 2006) kuma shi ne dan wasan karshe da ya tsira daga kungiyar da ta lashe gasar Firimiya ta Geelong ta 1931.[1]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2006]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1909]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mark Pilgrim</title>
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'''Mark Pilgrim''' ƙwararren mai haɓaka software ne, marubuci, kuma mai fafutukar samar da software kyauta . Ya rubuta wani shahararren shafin yanar gizo, kuma ya rubuta littattafai da dama, ciki har da ''Dive into Python'', jagora ga [[Python programming language|yaren shirye-shiryen Python]] da aka buga a ƙarƙashin Lasisin GNU Free Documentation . A da, mai tsara hanyoyin shiga ne a IBM Emerging Technologies Group, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IBM developerworks: Making emerging technologies accessible |url=http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/dw_blog.jspa?blog=354 |access-date=2007-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya fara aiki a [[Google]] a watan Maris na 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-03-19 |title=Two visions: Blog post at Mark's official site |url=http://diveintomark.org/archives/2007/03/19/two-visions |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718032030/http://diveintomark.org/archives/2007/03/19/two-visions |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=2007-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2018, ya koma Brave . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-11-23 |title=Learn About Brave and Our Team |url=https://brave.com/about/ |access-date=2018-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
A shekarar 1992, lokacin da yake ɗan shekara biyu a [[Cornell|Jami'ar Cornell]] kuma ma'aikacin Cornell Information Technologies (CIT) na ɗan lokaci, Pilgrim da wani ɗalibi, David Blumenthal, sun saka [[Cutar Kwamfuta|ƙwayar cuta ta kwamfuta]], MBDF, a cikin wasanni uku.  A watan Fabrairu na wannan shekarar, Pilgrim, Blumenthal, Randall Johnson, da Eric Sooros sun ɗora wasannin daga dakin gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta na Upson Hall na Cornell zuwa wani sabar jama'a a [[Jami'ar Stanford]] . Su huɗun sun yi amfani da asusun karya na babban fayil ɗin Blumenthal, wanda a lokacin shi ma ma'aikacin CIT ne.  Kwayar cutar ta haifar da katsewar kwamfutocin Macintosh a duk faɗin duniya. 

Ma'aikatan Claris a Wales ne suka fara gano asalin cutar a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, kuma an gano ta a Stanford, sannan kuma aka gano ta a ɗaya daga cikin manyan firam ɗin Cornell. Bayanan shiga Cornell sun nuna cewa an yi loda hotunan ne daga kwamfutoci da dama a dakin gwaje-gwaje yayin da Pilgrim ke aiki a can.  An ba Sooros kariya daga gurfanar da shi a madadin shaidarsa ta babban juri a kan Pilgrim, Johnson, da Blumenthal.  An kama Pilgrim da Blumenthal kuma an fara tuhumar su da laifin yin kutse a kwamfuta a mataki na biyu, wani laifi na Class A. FBI ta yi bincike don tantance ko an ba da umarnin tuhumar tarayya, kodayake ba a shigar da ƙarin tuhuma ba.  Bayan fuskantar zaman sauraron ladabtarwa, babu ɗaya daga cikin huɗun da ake zargi da laifin da ya ci gaba da zama ɗaliban Cornell. &lt;ref name=&quot;Carmona&quot; /&gt;

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1992, Pilgrim da Blumenthal sun amsa laifinsu, daga baya aka yanke musu hukuncin sa'o'i 520 na hidimar al'umma, kwace kayan aikin kwamfuta da aka kwace, da kuma biyan kusan dala $2,500 a matsayin diyya ga Cornell da sauran wadanda abin ya shafa. Johnson ya amsa laifinsa na ƙaramin laifi kuma aka yanke masa hukuncin sa'o'i 450 na hidimar al'umma. 

== Littattafai da labarai ==

=== ''Nutsewa cikin Python'' ===
Littafin Pilgrim ''Dive into Python'' jagora ne na koyarwa-da-misali ga dabarun shirye-shirye a cikin [[Python programming language|Python]] da dabarun haɓaka software na zamani. Yana ɗaukar wasu ilimin shirye-shirye da suka riga suka kasance, kodayake ba lallai bane a cikin Python. An buga bugu na farko a cikin 2004 (  ), da kuma bugu na biyu na 2009 (  ) ya ƙunshi Python 3. Dukansu suna samuwa a yanar gizo da kuma a cikin bugawa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IBM developerworks: Making emerging technologies accessible |url=http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/dw_blog.jspa?blog=354 |access-date=2007-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-03-19 |title=Two visions: Blog post at Mark's official site |url=http://diveintomark.org/archives/2007/03/19/two-visions |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718032030/http://diveintomark.org/archives/2007/03/19/two-visions |archive-date=July 18, 2011 |access-date=2007-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Yawancin littafin ya ƙunshi shirye-shiryen misalai tare da bayanin bayanai da rubutu mai bayani, kuma gabaɗaya yana bayanin yadda ake gyara misali don biyan sabbin manufofi. Wani shirin misali na farko yana karanta ta cikin kundin fayilolin MP3 kuma yana lissafa bayanan kanun labarai, kamar mai zane, kundin waƙoƙi, da sauransu. Sauran batutuwan da aka rufe sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen da suka dace da abu, takardu, gwajin naúrar, da samun dama da kuma nazarin HTML da XML .

=== Sauran ayyuka ===  
* [https://github.com/nfreear/diveintoaccessibility ''Dive into Accessibility''], a free book on web accessibility, for web designers
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726001216/http://diveintogreasemonkey.org/toc/ ''Dive into Greasemonkey''], a free book on Greasemonkey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IBM developerworks: Making emerging technologies accessible |url=http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/dw_blog.jspa?blog=354 |access-date=2007-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''[http://diveinto.html5doctor.com Dive into HTML 5]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', a free book on HTML5

==Manazarta== 
{{Reflist}} 
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Michelle Erickson</title>
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'''Michelle Erickson''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1960) ƙwararriyar mai zane ce ta yumbu a Amurka wadda ke aiki da tukwane na zamani da na kwafi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn Museum: Michelle Erickson&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brooklyn Museum: Michelle Erickson |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/feminist_art_base/michelle-erickson |access-date=2017-03-04 |website=www.brooklynmuseum.org }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Erickson ta sami digirin farko na BFA a shekarar 1982 daga Kwalejin William and Mary da ke Williamsburg, Virginia . [1] Bayan kammala karatunta, ta yi aiki na tsawon shekara guda a matsayin mai tukwane a sashen Faransa da Kanada na wurin shakatawa na Busch Gardens da ke Williamsburg. Ta kuma ɗauki aikin gudanar da ɗakin zane-zane na yumbu a Jamestown Settlement inda ta fara karatu da sake ƙirƙirar tukwane daga tarin kayan tarihi a wurin tarihi. [2]

Erickson ya kasance mai zane a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Victoria da Albert da ke [[Landan|Landan, Ingila]] daga watan Yuli zuwa Satumba 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Michelle Erickson '82 {{!}} William &amp; Mary |url=https://www.wm.edu/as/arthistory/alumni/portfolios/erickson_michelle/index.php |access-date=2019-11-01 |website=www.wm.edu}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Erickson ya kuma kammala gidaje biyu; ɗaya a [[Visual Arts Center of Richmond|Cibiyar Fasaha ta Kayayyaki]] da ke Richmond, VA, ɗayan kuma a Starworks da ke Star and Seagrove, NC. Michelle tana da wani aikin baje kolin kai kaɗai mai suna ''You &amp;I Are …Earth'' da ke a Gidan Tarihi na Wilton House da ke Richmond, VA. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Michelle Erickson Ceramics |url=http://www.michelleericksonceramics.com/?action=about |access-date=2017-03-04 |website=Michelle Erickson Ceramics}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, tana da alaƙa da Majalisar Ilimi ta Ƙasa don Fasahar Fasaha ta Ceramics, Majalisar Sana'o'in Amurka, da kuma Da'irar Ceramics ta Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;Brooklyn Museum: Michelle Erickson&quot;/&gt;

== Bayanin Mai Zane ==
&quot;Sha'awar da nake da ita ta tsawon aiki da tarihin yumbu a lokacin faɗaɗa binciken Yamma, da kuma mulkin mallaka ta fara ne da fallasa ga kayan tarihi na yumbu a cikin &quot;alwatika na mulkin mallaka&quot; na Virginia. Guraben tukwane na Burtaniya, Turai, Asiya, da 'yan asalin Amurka da aka tono a farkon tono tukwane sun ƙunshi haɗuwa mai ban mamaki ta al'adu a cikin yumbu a duniya. Aikina na sake gano dabarun yumbu da suka ɓace da kuma mahallin wannan tarihin sun bayyana hanyar da nake bi a matsayin mai fasaha na zamani. Ina amfani da zurfin tarihi ta hanyar fasahar yin abubuwa don zana kamanceceniya ta hanyar lokaci kamar masana'antar tukwane ta Staffordshire ta ƙarni na 18 da babban kamfanin ƙira na duniya Nike, tukwane na Wedgewood da bautar yara ta 21, gano mulkin mallaka da sha'awar burbushin halittu a matsayin abin da ya dace da jarabarmu mai haɗari ga man fetur. Ina yin abubuwan da suka gabata daga tunanin makomar da ake tsammani a yanzu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1960]]</text>
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    <title>Meltin da ke cikin ruwa</title>
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Paschalis Melissas (Girkanci: ; an haife shi a ranar 9 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1982) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na Girka wanda ya yi wasa a matsayin hagu.

== Ayyuka ==
An haife shi a Xanthi, Melissas ya fara buga kwallon kafa tare da kungiyar Skoda Xanthi a cikin Super League na Girka .

== Haɗin waje ==

* Profile at epae.org
* [http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?Lang=0&amp;CTID=31&amp;CPID=76&amp;pStr=Player&amp;PLID=182957&amp;TEID=6394 Guardian Football]
* [http://www.onsports.gr/onstats/soccer/player/358-Melissas-Pashalis Bayani]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} a Onsports.gr
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mangal Bagh</title>
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'''Mangal Bagh''' (1973 - 28 Janairu 2021), &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjProfile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zaidi, Syed Manzar Abbas |date=2008-11-01 |title=A Profile of Mangal Bagh |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Mangal-Bagh-Profile.pdf |access-date=26 August 2012 |publisher=The Long War Journal |archive-date=2013-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124030504/http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Mangal-Bagh-Profile.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka fi sani da '''Mangal Bagh Afridi''', shi ne shugaban Lashkar-e-Islam, ƙungiyar masu fafutuka da ke aiki a [[Pakistan]] da [[Afghanistan]].  An kashe shi a wani harin bam a kan hanya a Nangarhar, Afghanistan a ranar 28 ga Janairun 2021.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Bagh ya fito ne daga Bara Tehsil, kuma ya kasance daga kabilar Sepah Afridi . &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjProfile&quot;/&gt; A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, yana da alaƙa da ra'ayi tare da Jam'iyyar Awami National Party (ANP) kuma yana amfani da shi don wanke motoci a tashar taksi a Peshawar. Daga nan Bagh ya zama mai gudanarwa na sabis na aiki na bas tsakanin Bara da Peshawar kuma daga baya ya zama direbanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;DAWNNEWS-29-01-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Blast in Afghanistan kills Mangal Bagh |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1604229 |publisher=Dawn News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagh bai sami ilimi sosai ba saboda ya halarci makarantar firamare kawai a garinsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;DAWNNEWS-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyukan gwagwarmaya ==
An ce Bagh ya gaji Mufti Munir Shakir, wani malamin Deobandi wanda ya kafa gidan rediyo na 'yan fashi a Khyber Agency a shekara ta 2004 bayan dattawan kabilanci sun kore shi daga Kurram Agency don haifar da ƙiyayya. Lokacin da aka kori Shakir daga Hukumar Khyber, sai ya mika gidan rediyo ga Bagh, direban gida, sannan kuma Bagh ya jagoranci kungiyar mayakan Lashkar-e-Islam.

Bagh-led Lashkar-e-Islam ya haɗa kai da Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP). A shekara ta 2008, Bagh da ƙungiyar mayakansa sun koma Afghanistan biyo bayan jerin ayyukan soja da sojojin Pakistan suka gudanar a Bara kuma daga baya kwarin Tirah . &lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

A lokacin da ya zauna a Afghanistan, Lashkar-e-Islam ya haɗa kai da Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant (ISIS). &lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2016, wata hanyar labarai ta Afghanistan, Pajhwok News ta ba da rahoton cewa Lashkar-e-Islam tana samun ƙarfi a Nangarhar bayan sun haɗa kai da ISIS. Shugaban leken asiri na Nangarhar Maj. Janar Dad Mohammad Harifi, duk da haka, ya ce ba su da wata shaida da za ta tabbatar da cewa mayakan da Mangal Bagh ke jagoranta sun taba kai hari kan ofisoshin tsaro na Afghanistan a Nangarhar.

Majiyoyin Taliban na Afghanistan sun ce Mangal Bagh ya taɓa haɗuwa da sojoji tare da 'yan bindiga da gwamnatin Afghanistan ke tallafawa da aka sani da Arbaki don yaƙi da Taliban na Afghanistan a lardin Nangarhar . &lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Mangal Bagh killed in Afghanistan |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/amp/781669-mangal-bagh-killed-in-afghanistan |publisher=The News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
An kashe Bagh a wani harin bam a kan hanya a Nangarhar, Afghanistan a ranar 28 ga Janairun 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mir |first=Amir |date=2 Nov 2011 |title=Khyber's new fanatical face under attack |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135100/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |archive-date=1 November 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babu wata kungiya ko mutum da ta dauki alhakin kashe Bagh. Gwamnan Nangarhar Zia-ul-Haq Amarkhel ne ya tabbatar da mutuwar Bagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

An yi jana'izarsa a Gundumar Achin, Afghanistan . Wasu daga cikin abokan Bagh sun halarci jana'izarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;DAWNNEWS-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

=== Rahotanni na baya game da mutuwar ===
A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 2016, an ruwaito cewa an kashe Mangal Bagh a wani harin da aka kai a lardin Nangarhar, Afghanistan. 

Koyaya, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017, Inter-Services Public Relations ta yarda da cewa rahotanni game da mutuwar Bagh karya ne lokacin da suka sanar da cewa sojojin Pakistan sun gudanar da wani aiki a Khyber Agency, inda suka kashe 'yan ta'adda da yawa bayan sun sami bayanin da ya shafi kasancewar Bagh. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mir |first=Amir |date=2 Nov 2011 |title=Khyber's new fanatical face under attack |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135100/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |archive-date=1 November 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rahotanni game da mutuwar Bagh sun tabbatar da karya lokacin da Amurka ta kara Bagh zuwa jerin abubuwan da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ke nema a ranar 7 ga Maris 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mir |first=Amir |date=2 Nov 2011 |title=Khyber's new fanatical face under attack |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135100/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |archive-date=1 November 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <comment>cire bin AMP daga URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|cikakkun bayanai]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|rahoton kuskure]]) v2.2.9s</comment>
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'''Mangal Bagh''' (1973 - 28 Janairu 2021), &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjProfile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zaidi, Syed Manzar Abbas |date=2008-11-01 |title=A Profile of Mangal Bagh |url=http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Mangal-Bagh-Profile.pdf |access-date=26 August 2012 |publisher=The Long War Journal |archive-date=2013-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124030504/http://www.longwarjournal.org/multimedia/Mangal-Bagh-Profile.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda aka fi sani da '''Mangal Bagh Afridi''', shi ne shugaban Lashkar-e-Islam, ƙungiyar masu fafutuka da ke aiki a [[Pakistan]] da [[Afghanistan]].  An kashe shi a wani harin bam a kan hanya a Nangarhar, Afghanistan a ranar 28 ga Janairun 2021.

== Rayuwa ta mutum ==
Bagh ya fito ne daga Bara Tehsil, kuma ya kasance daga kabilar Sepah Afridi . &lt;ref name=&quot;lwjProfile&quot;/&gt; A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, yana da alaƙa da ra'ayi tare da Jam'iyyar Awami National Party (ANP) kuma yana amfani da shi don wanke motoci a tashar taksi a Peshawar. Daga nan Bagh ya zama mai gudanarwa na sabis na aiki na bas tsakanin Bara da Peshawar kuma daga baya ya zama direbanta.&lt;ref name=&quot;DAWNNEWS-29-01-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Blast in Afghanistan kills Mangal Bagh |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1604229 |publisher=Dawn News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagh bai sami ilimi sosai ba saboda ya halarci makarantar firamare kawai a garinsu.&lt;ref name=&quot;DAWNNEWS-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyukan gwagwarmaya ==
An ce Bagh ya gaji Mufti Munir Shakir, wani malamin Deobandi wanda ya kafa gidan rediyo na 'yan fashi a Khyber Agency a shekara ta 2004 bayan dattawan kabilanci sun kore shi daga Kurram Agency don haifar da ƙiyayya. Lokacin da aka kori Shakir daga Hukumar Khyber, sai ya mika gidan rediyo ga Bagh, direban gida, sannan kuma Bagh ya jagoranci kungiyar mayakan Lashkar-e-Islam.

Bagh-led Lashkar-e-Islam ya haɗa kai da Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP). A shekara ta 2008, Bagh da ƙungiyar mayakansa sun koma Afghanistan biyo bayan jerin ayyukan soja da sojojin Pakistan suka gudanar a Bara kuma daga baya kwarin Tirah . &lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

A lokacin da ya zauna a Afghanistan, Lashkar-e-Islam ya haɗa kai da Jihar Islama ta Iraki da Levant (ISIS). &lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt; A cikin 2016, wata hanyar labarai ta Afghanistan, Pajhwok News ta ba da rahoton cewa Lashkar-e-Islam tana samun ƙarfi a Nangarhar bayan sun haɗa kai da ISIS. Shugaban leken asiri na Nangarhar Maj. Janar Dad Mohammad Harifi, duk da haka, ya ce ba su da wata shaida da za ta tabbatar da cewa mayakan da Mangal Bagh ke jagoranta sun taba kai hari kan ofisoshin tsaro na Afghanistan a Nangarhar.

Majiyoyin Taliban na Afghanistan sun ce Mangal Bagh ya taɓa haɗuwa da sojoji tare da 'yan bindiga da gwamnatin Afghanistan ke tallafawa da aka sani da Arbaki don yaƙi da Taliban na Afghanistan a lardin Nangarhar . &lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2021 |title=Mangal Bagh killed in Afghanistan |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/781669-mangal-bagh-killed-in-afghanistan |publisher=The News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mutuwa ==
An kashe Bagh a wani harin bam a kan hanya a Nangarhar, Afghanistan a ranar 28 ga Janairun 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mir |first=Amir |date=2 Nov 2011 |title=Khyber's new fanatical face under attack |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135100/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |archive-date=1 November 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babu wata kungiya ko mutum da ta dauki alhakin kashe Bagh. Gwamnan Nangarhar Zia-ul-Haq Amarkhel ne ya tabbatar da mutuwar Bagh.&lt;ref name=&quot;THENEWS.PK-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

An yi jana'izarsa a Gundumar Achin, Afghanistan . Wasu daga cikin abokan Bagh sun halarci jana'izarsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;DAWNNEWS-29-01-2021&quot;/&gt;

=== Rahotanni na baya game da mutuwar ===
A ranar 22 ga watan Yulin 2016, an ruwaito cewa an kashe Mangal Bagh a wani harin da aka kai a lardin Nangarhar, Afghanistan. 

Koyaya, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2017, Inter-Services Public Relations ta yarda da cewa rahotanni game da mutuwar Bagh karya ne lokacin da suka sanar da cewa sojojin Pakistan sun gudanar da wani aiki a Khyber Agency, inda suka kashe 'yan ta'adda da yawa bayan sun sami bayanin da ya shafi kasancewar Bagh. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mir |first=Amir |date=2 Nov 2011 |title=Khyber's new fanatical face under attack |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135100/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |archive-date=1 November 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rahotanni game da mutuwar Bagh sun tabbatar da karya lokacin da Amurka ta kara Bagh zuwa jerin abubuwan da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ke nema a ranar 7 ga Maris 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Mir |first=Amir |date=2 Nov 2011 |title=Khyber's new fanatical face under attack |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101135100/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/MK02Df01.html |archive-date=1 November 2011 |access-date=19 April 2013 |publisher=[[Asia Times Online]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2021]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1973]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masjid-e-Rasheed</title>
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'''Masjid-e-Rasheed''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Masallacin Jame Rashid''', da Masjid- e-Rashidiyah, da Taj Masjid, wanda wani lokacin ake rubuta shi Masjid Jam-e-Lashid, masallaci ne na [[Mabiya Sunnah|Sunni]] [[Hanafiyya|Hanafi]] Jumma'a, wanda ke cikin filin Darul Uloom Deoband a Deoband, a cikin Gundumar Saharanpur ta jihar [[Uttar Pradesh]], Indiya. An sanya wa wannan masallaci suna bayan Rasheed Ahmad Gangohi, mai kula da Darul Uloom Deoband na biyu.

== Bayani na gaba ɗaya ==
Masjid e-Rasheed masallaci ne mai ban sha'awa tare da kyakkyawan dome da manyan [[Hasumiya|minaret]] wanda ya zama babban jan hankalin yawon bude ido ga Musulmai da sauransu. Da kallo na farko, masallacin ya bayyana a lokacin isowar Islama. Babban filin, doguwar tashoshi a kowane bangare na ƙofar tsakiya, da isasshen sarari a waje sun sa ya zama mai kyau.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manzar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bilal |first=Manzar |date=5 December 2009 |title=Masjid –e-Rasheed: A magnificent mosque at Darul Uloom |url=https://twocircles.net/2009dec04/masjid_e_rasheed_magnificent_mosque_darul_uloom.html |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=[[Two Circles]] |archive-date=13 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213063430/https://twocircles.net/2009dec04/masjid_e_rasheed_magnificent_mosque_darul_uloom.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin dare mai haske, fararen dutse da aka yi amfani da shi a masallacin yana ba da ra'ayi na [[Taj Mahal]] wanda ke jarabtar baƙi su zauna a can na ɗan lokaci. Ƙananan tafki mai tsabta da lambun furanni da aka shirya a waje sun sa ya zama kyakkyawa sosai. Kullum akwai mutane da yawa da ke zuwa ganin masallacin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manzar&quot; /&gt;

Lokacin da gwamnatin Darul Uloom ta yanke shawarar gina wannan masallaci, ba su yi tunanin cewa masallacin zai zama kyakkyawa ba. Da zaran ginin ya fara, al'umma ta fara ba da gudummawa ba zato ba tsammani, kuma a sakamakon haka an canza shirin da ya fi sauƙi a baya. Ya ɗauki shekaru ashirin da kudi mai yawa don kammala tsarin yanzu. Masallacin yana da dome mai tsayi 37 (120 , minaret guda biyu masu tsayi 55 (180 , da ƙofofi biyar. Yana da sarari don masu bautar 20,000 a lokaci guda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manzar&quot;/&gt; 

Marigayi shugaban Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind Asad Madani ya yi amfani da Iʿtikāf (tunani na keɓewa) tare da daruruwan almajiransa a lokacin Ramzan har zuwa mutuwarsa. Ɗansa Mahmood Madani ya ci gaba da hakan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Manzar&quot; /&gt;

== Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Masjid_Rasheed.jpg|The mosque exterior
Fayil:Jame_Rashid_Mosque_(interior).jpg|The mosque interior
Fayil:Darul_Uloom_Deoband_Memorable_Photo_3.jpg|A view of the mosque through a gate
Fayil:Rashid_Masjid.jpg|The mosque in the evening
Fayil:Masjid_Rasheed_in_Deoband,_Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg|one sided view 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Dubi kuma ==
{{Reflist}}

* [[Musulunci a Indiya]]
* Jerin masallatai a Indiya

== Manazarta ==
{{Mosques in India}}

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Commons category-inline|Jame Rashid Mosque}}
* {{Official website|https://darululoom-deoband.com/en/}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Max Biaggi</title>
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'''Massimiliano''' &quot;'''Max'''&quot; '''Biaggi''' (pronunciation Italiyanci: [ˈmaks ˈbjaddʒi]; an haife shi 26 Yuni 1971)&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb name|1384117}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya kasance tsohon ƙwararren ɗan wasan Grand Prix da Superbike ne na Italiya wanda ya sami gasar zakarun duniya shida. Tare da lambobin tseren hanya guda huɗu na 250 cc da biyu a cikin Superbikes na Duniya, yana ɗaya daga cikin mahayan biyu kawai da suka zira kwallaye a duk faɗin horo.

Biaggi jakada ce ta babura ta Aprilia .  Tun daga shekara ta 2019, ya mallaki ƙungiyar tseren Moto3, wanda ke zaune a garin Monaco.

A cikin 2020, an sanya wa Biaggi suna FIM Road Racing Legend, &lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb name|1384117}}&lt;/ref&gt; sannan ya shiga cikin MotoGP Hall of Fame a cikin 2022.

== Ayyuka ==

=== Farko ===
Yayinda yake yaro, Biaggi ya nuna sha'awar kwallon kafa fiye da babur. Koyaya, a cikin 1989, bayan kwarewarsa ta farko ta babur, ya fara mai da hankali kan tsere.[1] Ya fara gasar ne yana da shekaru goma sha takwas a cikin aji na 125cc. A shekara ta 1990, ya lashe gasar zakarun wasanni ta Italiya. Biaggi ya ci gaba zuwa ajin 250cc kuma ya shiga gasar kasa da kasa. A shekara ta 1991, yana hawa Aprilia RS250, ya lashe gasar zakarun Turai ta 250cc. A wannan kakar, ya kuma shiga cikin tseren hudu na Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 250cc a matsayin mai shiga wildcard, inda ya zira kwallaye a cikin tseren biyu da ya kammala.

=== Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 500cc ===
A shekara ta 1992, Max Biaggi ya kammala cikakken kakar wasa ta farko a cikin 250 cc Grand Prix class tare da Aprilia, ya kammala na biyar gabaɗaya kuma ya sami nasarar Grand Prix na farko a tseren karshe na kakar da aka gudanar a [http://1992%20South%20African%20motorcycle%20Grand%20Prix Kyalami, Afirka ta Kudu]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. A shekara ta 1993, ya shiga Honda kuma ya kammala na huɗu a gasar zakarun Turai, gami da nasarar tseren guda ɗaya a Grand Prix na babur na Turai da aka gudanar a garin Barcelona.

Komawa zuwa Aprilia a cikin 1994, Biaggi ya mamaye ajin 250 cc, inda ya lashe gasar zakarun duniya sau uku a jere a cikin 1994, 1995, da 1996. A wannan lokacin, baƙar fata na Chesterfield-liveried Aprilia ya zama ɗaya daga cikin babura mafi ganewa na zamanin Grand Prix na 1990. Don kakar tseren babur na Grand Prix na 1997, Biaggi ya yi wani abu mai ban mamaki ta hanyar barin tawagar Aprilia da ta lashe gasar don komawa Honda, yana hawa ga tawagar Erv Kanemoto, kuma ya sami lambar yabo ta duniya ta 250 cc ta hudu a jere.

Tare da lakabi huɗu, Biaggi ya zama mai haɗin gwiwa mafi nasara a tarihin Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 250 cc, yana raba rikodin tare da Phil Read. Bayan wannan, ya koma cikin aji na 500 cc.

=== Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta 250cc ===
Biaggi ya fara da kyau a karo na farko na 500cc, ya cancanci a kan sanda, ya kafa mafi sauri kuma ya lashe tseren farko a cikin 1998 na babur na Japan Grand Prix a Suzuka, yana hawa ga ƙungiyar Kanemoto Honda mai zaman kanta. Ya kuma yi nasara a Grand Prix na [[Kazech|Jamhuriyar Czech]], inda ya kusan fadi lokacin da ya yi 90 ° wheelie.&lt;ref&gt;{{IMDb name|1384117}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tare da tseren uku da suka rage a cikin kakar, Max Biaggi yana jagorantar gasar lokacin da ya haye layin ƙarshe na farko a Grand Prix na babur na Catalan na 1998. A lokacin tseren an ba shi hukuncin tsayawa da tafi saboda zargin keta tutar rawaya, wanda bai yi ba, yana jayayya da shawarar. Gudanar da tseren daga baya ya nuna tutar baki, kuma an dakatar da Biaggi duk da kammala farko. Lamarin ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga sakamakon taken, wanda Mick Doohan ya lashe. 

Bayan karshen rikice-rikice na kakar 1998, Biaggi ya koma Yamaha, masana'anta da aka fi la'akari da ita a lokacin a matsayin kasa da gasa fiye da Honda a cikin aji na 500 cc.

Lokacinsa na farko tare da Yamaha a 1999 ya kasance da wahala, kuma ya kammala na huɗu gaba ɗaya. Ci gaban ci gaba ya biyo baya, tare da matsayi na uku a cikin 2000, kuma yaƙin neman zaɓe na Yamaha mafi ƙarfi ya zo a cikin 2001, shekara ta ƙarshe ta zamanin 500 cc. Sashe na ƙarshe na kakar ya lalace ta hanyar jerin hadari na gaba, daga baya ya danganta da batun da ke da alaƙa da injiniya wanda ke shafar ma'aunin chassis - matsala ta ciki wacce Yamaha ta sani a lokacin. Biaggi ya kammala na biyu a gasar.

== Kididdigar aiki ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Lokacin
!Ɗalibin
!Babur
!Kungiyar
!Tseren
!Nasara
!Wasanni
!Matsayi
!FLap
!Pts
!Plcd
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1991
|250cc
|Aprilia RSV250
|
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|7
|Na 27
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1992
|250cc
|Aprilia RSV250
|Gasar Telkor Valesi
|12
|1
|5
|4
|1
|78
|Na biyar
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1993
|250cc
|Honda NSR250
|Rothmans Kanemoto
|14
|1
|5
|2
|1
|142
|Na huɗu
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1994
|250cc
|Aprilia RSV250
|Chesterfield Aprilia
|14
|5
|10
|7
|8
|234
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''Na farko'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1995
|250cc
|Aprilia RSV250
|Chesterfield Aprilia
|13
|8
|12
|9
|7
|283
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''Na farko'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1996
|250cc
|Aprilia RSV250
|Chesterfield Aprilia
|15
|9
|11
|8
|9
|274
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''Na farko'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1997
|250cc
|Honda NSR250
|Marlboro Kanemoto
|15
|5
|10
|3
|2
|250
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''Na farko'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1998
|500cc
|Honda NSR500
|Marlboro Kanemoto
|14
|2
|8
|2
|2
|208
| style=&quot;background:#DFDFDF;&quot; |'''Na biyu'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!1999
|500cc
|Yamaha YZR500
|Marlboro Yamaha
|16
|1
|7
|1
|1
|194
|Na huɗu
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!2000
|500cc
|Yamaha YZR500
|Marlboro Yamaha
|16
|2
|4
|5
|3
|170
| style=&quot;background:#FFDF9F;&quot; |'''Na uku'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!2001
|500cc
|Yamaha YZR500
|Marlboro Yamaha
|16
|3
|9
|7
|2
|219
| style=&quot;background:#DFDFDF;&quot; |'''Na biyu'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!2002
|MotoGP
|Yamaha YZR-M1
|Marlboro Yamaha
|16
|2
|8
|4
|1
|215
| style=&quot;background:#DFDFDF;&quot; |'''Na biyu'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!2003
|MotoGP
|Honda RC211V
|Kamel Pramac Pons
|16
|2
|9
|3
|1
|228
| style=&quot;background:#FFDF9F;&quot; |'''Na uku'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!2004
|MotoGP
|Honda RC211V
|Raƙumi Honda
|16
|1
|9
|1
|3
|217
| style=&quot;background:#FFDF9F;&quot; |'''Na uku'''
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!2005
|MotoGP
|Honda RC211V
|Repsol Honda
|17
|0
|4
|0
|1
|173
|Na biyar
|- align=&quot;right&quot;
!Jimillar
|
|
|
|'''214'''
|'''42'''
|'''111'''
|'''56'''
|'''42'''
|'''2892'''
|
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:90%&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; |Shekara
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;middle&quot; |Bike
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |3
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |4
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |5
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |6
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |7
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |8
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |9
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |10
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |11
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |12
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |13
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |14
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Matsayi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Pts
|-
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
!R1
!R2
|-
!2007
!Suzuki
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |''QAT''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''QAT''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |''ITA''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
|GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;C&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''ITA''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''FRA''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |'''Na uku'''
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |'''397'''
|-
!2008
!Ducati
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |QAT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |QAT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |''AUS''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;16&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;10&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;12&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;9&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;13&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;7&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;12&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;13&lt;/small&gt;
!Na 7
!238
|-
!2009
!Aprilia
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;11&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;15&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |QAT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |QAT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;11&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |RSA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |RSA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;13&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;10&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;21&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''CZE''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
!Na huɗu
!319
|-
!2010
!Aprilia
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |''POR''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |''SPA''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''ITA'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''1&quot; href=&quot;./2010_Monza_Superbike_World_Championship_round&quot; id=&quot;mwCV0&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;2010 Monza Superbike World Championship round&quot;&gt;ITA''' 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |RSA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |RSA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |'''GER'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |'''GER'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;11&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''Na farko'''
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''451'''
|-
!2011
!Aprilia
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''AUS''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''AUS''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;7&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#000000; color:white;&quot; |&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;mwCb0&quot; style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;Yuro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;DSQ&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |'''ITA'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |'''''ITA'''''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |''SMR''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |'''CZE'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''CZE'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;11&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |''GBR''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;DNS&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot; |GER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;DNS&lt;/small&gt;
|ITA
|ITA
|FRA
|FRA
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;7&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |'''Na uku'''
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |'''303'''
|-
!2012
!Aprilia
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |''AUS''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |NED&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;8&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;C&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |ITA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''5''&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot; |Yuro&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;2&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |Amurka&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SPA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |CZE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |GBR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;11&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |RUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |RUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''''GER'''''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;1&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |'''GER'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;13&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;4&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |POR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |FRA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;5&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''Na farko'''
| style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot; |'''358'''
|-
!2015
!Aprilia
|AUS
|AUS
|THA
|THA
|SPA
|SPA
|NED
|NED
|ITA
|ITA
|GBR
|GBR
|POR
|POR
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot; |SMR&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;6&lt;/small&gt;
|Amurka
|Amurka
| style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot; |MAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;3&lt;/small&gt;
| style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot; |MAL&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;
|SPA
|SPA
|FRA
|FRA
|QAT
|QAT
|
|
!Na 20
!36
|}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1971]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>luqt2q2cubl2g37g480tkertinlulpj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mercedes Santamarina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>139510</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828658</id>
      <parentid>789901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T08:20:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>13371</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>828658</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9131" sha1="tsf63mfsr6bbxomegsetem5k2bl7jrn" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Mercedes Santamarina Gastañaga''' (18 ga Yuni 1896 - 23 ga Mayu 1972) ta kasance mai tattara kayan fasaha na Argentina kuma mai kula da ita . Tun tana ƙarama take sha'awar zane-zane, Santamarina ta tara tarin kayan tarihi a tsawon rayuwarta. A cikin 'yan shekarunta na ƙarshe ta ba da gudummawar yawancin kayan tarihinta ga [[Gidan kayan gargajiya na kasa (Buenos Aires)|Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes]] da ke Buenos Aires da [[Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil]] da ke Tandil.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Mercedes Santamarina a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 1896 a [[Buenos Aires]] &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mercedes Santamarina |url=https://biblio.toscana.it/argomento/Mercedes%20Santamarina |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=BiblioToscana}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irurzun |first=Josephine |date=2012 |title=Trascendencia de un legado patrimonial: la colección ‘Mercedes Santamarina’ del Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil (MUMBAT) |journal=Revista Electrónica de Fuentes y Archivos |language=Spanish |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=312–316 |issn=1853-4503}}&lt;/ref&gt; cikin dangin masu hannu da shuni na asalin Sipaniya. Iyayenta sune Ramón Santamarina II da María Gaztañaga  &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rosa |first=María Laura |last2=Basualdo |first2=Eugenia Garay |last3=Calafiore |first3=Silvia |last4=Salazar |first4=Virginia |last5=de Diago |first5=Marcela |date=2019 |title=CUANDO LOS MÁRGENES SE CONVIERTEN EN CENTRO. LAS INVESTIGACIONES DE LAS PROVINCIAS QUE CONTRIBUYEN A LA HISTORIA DE LA CURADURÍA EN LA ARGENTINA |url=https://www.eseade.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RIIM-68-5.-Eugenia-Garay-Basualdo-Grupo-curaduria-federal.pdf |journal=Revista de Instituciones, Ideas y Mercados |language=Spanish |volume=68 |pages=102–129}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ita ce ta shida cikin 'ya'ya goma. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Santamarina Gastañaga, Mercedes |url=https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/catalogue/the-catalogue/santamarina-gastaaga-mercedes-110553 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=The de Laszlo Archive Trust}}&lt;/ref&gt; Santamarina jikanyar ɗan kasuwa ce Ramon Santamarina, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin wanda ya kafa iyalin. Iyalan Santamarina sun mallaki ''La Pola'', &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 May 2018 |title=Obras de reacondicionamiento de la Sala Mercedes Santamarina |url=https://www.eleco.com.ar/espectaculos/obras-de-reacondicionamiento-de-la-sala-mercedes-santamarina |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=The Echo of Tandil |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani babban ''fili'' (filin sirri) a Tandil a Lardin Buenos Aires .  Tunda kasuwancin mahaifin Santamarina shi ma yana Tandil, ta yi yawancin yarintarta a can. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Bayan mutuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1909, Santamarina ta gaji ''La Pola'' .  Tun tana babba, galibi tana zaune a Buenos Aires, kodayake yawanci tana yin lokacin bazara a Tandil. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Santamarina ta fara sha'awar zane-zane tun tana ƙarama &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Irurzun |first=Josephine |date=2012 |title=Trascendencia de un legado patrimonial: la colección ‘Mercedes Santamarina’ del Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil (MUMBAT) |journal=Revista Electrónica de Fuentes y Archivos |language=Spanish |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=312–316 |issn=1853-4503}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFIrurzun2012&quot;&gt;Irurzun, Josephine (2012). &quot;Trascendencia de un legado patrimonial: la colección 'Mercedes Santamarina' del Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil (MUMBAT)&quot;. ''Revista Electrónica de Fuentes y Archivos'' (in Spanish). '''3''' (3): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;312–&lt;/span&gt;316. [[ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1853-4503 1853-4503].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta sadaukar da rayuwarta wajen tattara zane-zane. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Ta sami yawancin tarin kayanta a [[Faris|Paris]], &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mercedes Santamarina |url=https://biblio.toscana.it/argomento/Mercedes%20Santamarina |access-date=6 September 2022 |website=BiblioToscana}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://biblio.toscana.it/argomento/Mercedes%20Santamarina &quot;Mercedes Santamarina&quot;]. ''BiblioToscana''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;6 September&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; birni da take yawan zuwa &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; kuma wani lokacin tana zama a ciki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta yi tafiyarta ta farko zuwa Paris kafin barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Santamarina Gastañaga, Mercedes |url=https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/catalogue/the-catalogue/santamarina-gastaaga-mercedes-110553 |access-date=9 September 2022 |website=The de Laszlo Archive Trust}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.delaszlocatalogueraisonne.com/catalogue/the-catalogue/santamarina-gastaaga-mercedes-110553 &quot;Santamarina Gastañaga, Mercedes&quot;]. ''The de Laszlo Archive Trust''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 September&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Tarin zane-zanen Santamarina ya ƙunshi ayyuka masu mahimmanci da tarihi masu mahimmanci, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Rosa |first=María Laura |last2=Basualdo |first2=Eugenia Garay |last3=Calafiore |first3=Silvia |last4=Salazar |first4=Virginia |last5=de Diago |first5=Marcela |date=2019 |title=CUANDO LOS MÁRGENES SE CONVIERTEN EN CENTRO. LAS INVESTIGACIONES DE LAS PROVINCIAS QUE CONTRIBUYEN A LA HISTORIA DE LA CURADURÍA EN LA ARGENTINA |url=https://www.eseade.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RIIM-68-5.-Eugenia-Garay-Basualdo-Grupo-curaduria-federal.pdf |journal=Revista de Instituciones, Ideas y Mercados |language=Spanish |volume=68 |pages=102–129}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRosaBasualdoCalafioreSalazar2019&quot;&gt;Rosa, María Laura; Basualdo, Eugenia Garay; Calafiore, Silvia; Salazar, Virginia; de Diago, Marcela (2019). [https://www.eseade.edu.ar/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/RIIM-68-5.-Eugenia-Garay-Basualdo-Grupo-curaduria-federal.pdf &quot;CUANDO LOS MÁRGENES SE CONVIERTEN EN CENTRO. LAS INVESTIGACIONES DE LAS PROVINCIAS QUE CONTRIBUYEN A LA HISTORIA DE LA CURADURÍA EN LA ARGENTINA&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Revista de Instituciones, Ideas y Mercados'' (in Spanish). '''68''': &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;102–&lt;/span&gt;129.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]&lt;/ref&gt; galibi zane-zanen Faransa na ƙarni na 19  na masu fasaha kamar Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Jean-Louis Forain, Édouard Manet, [[Claude Monet]], Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Auguste Rodin, Alfred Sisley, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec da Félix Ziem . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Gutiérrez Viñuales |first=Rodrigo |date=1999 |title=Consideraciones sobre el coleccionismo de arte en la Argentina de principios de siglo |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261995551_Consideraciones_sobre_el_coleccionismo_de_arte_en_la_Argentina_de_principios_de_siglo |journal=Goya |volume=273 |pages=353–360}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Santamarina ta yi gwanjon kayan zane da kayayyaki masu kyau da yawa a shekarar 1946. Tunda wannan shekarar ce mahaifiyarta ta mutu, da yawa daga cikin kayan da aka sayar wataƙila mallakar mahaifiyarta ce. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Santamarina ta mutu a Buenos Aires a ranar 23 ga Mayu 1972, tana da shekaru 75. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Gado ==
Santamarina ta mutu ba tare da aure ba kuma ba ta da ɗa. A cikin wasiyyarta, ta ba wa ɗan uwanta Jorge de Alvear Santamarina La Pola .

A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Santamarina ta ba da gudummawar manyan sassan tarin zane-zane, sassaka da kayan daki.  A shekarar 1970, ta ba da gudummawar yawancin tarin zane-zanenta ga [[Gidan kayan gargajiya na kasa (Buenos Aires)|Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes]] da ke Buenos Aires, kuma a shekarar 1971 ta ba da gudummawar kusan kayayyaki ɗari daban-daban ga [[Museo Municipal de Bellas Artes Tandil]] da ke Tandil. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ana ɗaukar tarin a Tandil a matsayin muhimmin ɓangare na gadon al'adun birnin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite conference|last=Bermejo|first=Talía|date=2001|title=El coleccionista en la vidriera: diseño de una figura pública (1930-1960)|url=http://www.caia.org.ar/docs/Bermejo.pdf|pages=3|publisher=Asociación Amigos del Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes|conference=Poderes de la imagen, 1° Congreso Internacional}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tarin kayanta a Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes ya mamaye ɗakuna na 18 da 19 na gidan kayan tarihi kuma an ba da gudummawar ne kawai bisa ga ƙa'ida cewa dole ne a nuna tarin tare. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Da farko an yi niyyar tattara kayan da ke Tandil ya mamaye ɗakuna biyu amma an sanya kayan ƙarshe a cikin ɗaki ɗaya a shekarar 1973. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; An sace babban ɓangare na kayan da ke Buenos Aires a shekarar 1980 kuma an sake sace wasu (kodayake a wannan lokacin bugu biyu kawai) a shekarar 1997. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1896]]</text>
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    <title>Michelle Amos</title>
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'''Michelle Amos''' injiniya ce ta ƙirar kayan lantarki a Cibiyar Sararin Samaniya ta John F. Kennedy ta NASA . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;NASA 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2015 |title=Kennedy Biographies |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172004/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amos ya shiga NASA a shekarar 1990 a matsayin injiniyan ƙirar kayan lantarki kuma ya zauna tare da Nasa na tsawon shekaru 30. Amos kuma injiniyan tsarin ne na Deep Space Logistics. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Michelle AmosFormer NASA Engineer at the John F. Kennedy Space |date=2024-10-17 |title=Light of the World |url=https://www.byui.edu/speeches/forums/michelle-amos/the-light-of-the-world |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=BYU-Idaho Speeches |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Amos ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Kudancin da Kwalejin A&amp;amp;amp;M a shekarar 1989 tare da digiri na farko a fannin injiniyan lantarki. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;advocate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Terry |date=2020-09-11 |title=Faith Matters: Mormon couple on a mission to share gospel |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/faith-matters-mormon-couple-on-a-mission-to-share-gospel/article_ea6bf740-f0a8-11ea-83d2-87c0fe3b5e4c.html |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=The Advocate}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2005, ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin gudanar da injiniya daga Jami'ar Central Florida . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Heiney |first=Anna |date=April 17, 2015 |title=Kennedy Biographies |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172004/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
A shekara ta 2006, Amos ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar NASA Advanced Range Technology Working Group.  Amos ta tsara tsarin lantarki da kayan aikin sarrafawa a Cibiyar Ci gaban Fasaha ta Cibiyar Kennedy Space Center kuma ta yi aiki a ƙungiyar tallafi don Tashar Sararin Samaniya ta Duniya tana tsarawa da kuma rubuta tsarin wutar lantarki.  &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;NASA 2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2004 |title=Education, Family Values Inspire NASA Engineer |url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/jun/HQ_04196_minority_feature_amos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405003606/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/jun/HQ_04196_minority_feature_amos.html |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce jagorar manajan ayyuka don ayyukan canjin [[Space Shuttle|jirgin sama]] da ritaya. &lt;ref name=&quot;NASA 2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2015 |title=Kennedy Biographies |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172004/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=NASA}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172004/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html &quot;Kennedy Biographies&quot;]. ''NASA''. April 17, 2015. Archived from [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html the original] on March 28, 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 8,&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance memba na ƙungiyar da ta ƙera rover na Mars 2020 a JPL, &lt;ref name=&quot;advocate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Terry |date=2020-09-11 |title=Faith Matters: Mormon couple on a mission to share gospel |url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/faith-matters-mormon-couple-on-a-mission-to-share-gospel/article_ea6bf740-f0a8-11ea-83d2-87c0fe3b5e4c.html |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=The Advocate}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFRobinson2020&quot;&gt;Robinson, Terry (September 11, 2020). [https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/faith-matters-mormon-couple-on-a-mission-to-share-gospel/article_ea6bf740-f0a8-11ea-83d2-87c0fe3b5e4c.html &quot;Faith Matters: Mormon couple on a mission to share gospel&quot;]. ''The Advocate''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 21,&lt;/span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta yi aiki tare da shirin Artemis, wani aikin Moon da aka haɗa da ma'aikata, har sai da ta yi ritaya a 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;advocate&quot; /&gt;

Ita ce shugabar ƙungiyar dabarun ma'aikata ta baƙar fata ta NASA. &lt;ref name=&quot;space&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=African-American History Luncheon draws crowd |url=http://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/UF/00/09/92/84/00284/03-08-2002.pdf |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=Spaceport News }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a kan Perseverance, rover na Mars 2020, a matsayin injiniyan tsarin. 

A watan Oktoban 2024, Amos ta gabatar da wani muhimmin jawabi a BYU-Idaho mai taken 'Hasken Duniya', inda ta tattauna rawar da ta taka a matsayin injiniyar tsarin aiki a ƙungiyar Artemis Moon ta NASA.

== Daraja ==
A shekara ta 2002 ta lashe kyautar All Star Award a taron bayar da kyaututtuka na mata masu launin fata na gwamnati da fasaha ta tsaro na NASA. &lt;ref name=&quot;SpaceRef 2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 18, 2002 |title=And the Winner is ... NASA women of Color |url=https://spacenews.com/and-the-winner-is-nasa-women-of-color/ |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=SpaceRef}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekara ta 2003, ta sami kyautar KSC Strategic Leadership Award. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Heiney |first=Anna |date=April 17, 2015 |title=Kennedy Biographies |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172004/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html |archive-date=March 28, 2019 |access-date=July 12, 2020 |website=NASA}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHeiney2015&quot;&gt;Heiney, Anna (April 17, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190328172004/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html &quot;Kennedy Biographies&quot;]. ''NASA''. Archived from [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/about/biographies/amos.html the original] on March 28, 2019&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;July 12,&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Amos kuma ta girma a gona &lt;ref&gt;Toone, Trent. [https://www.deseret.com/faith/2021/2/19/22290171/former-nasa-engineer-watches-perseverance-rover-land-on-mars-while-serving-latter-day-saint-mission &quot;Ex-NASA engineer watches her project land on Mars while serving Latter-day Saint mission&quot;], ''[[Deseret News]]'', February 19, 2021. Retrieved February 22, 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; a Baton Rouge, Louisiana, ga Dunk da Dorothy Wright, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya goma. &lt;ref name=&quot;NASA 2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 16, 2004 |title=Education, Family Values Inspire NASA Engineer |url=https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/jun/HQ_04196_minority_feature_amos.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405003606/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/jun/HQ_04196_minority_feature_amos.html |archive-date=April 5, 2023 |access-date=February 8, 2019 |website=NASA}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230405003606/https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/jun/HQ_04196_minority_feature_amos.html &quot;Education, Family Values Inspire NASA Engineer&quot;]. ''NASA''. June 16, 2004. Archived from [https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/jun/HQ_04196_minority_feature_amos.html the original] on April 5, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;February 8,&lt;/span&gt; 2019&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; An rene ta a Baptist amma iyalinta suka koma zama memba na Cocin Yesu Kiristi na Waliyyan Ƙarshe (LDS Church) a 1979. &lt;ref name=&quot;advocate&quot;/&gt; Ita da mijinta, John D. Amos, suna da 'ya'ya uku kuma suna zaune a Oviedo, Florida . &lt;ref name=&quot;NASA 2015&quot;/&gt; A 2020, Amos da mijinta sun fara wa'adin shekaru uku suna jagorantar Ofishin Jakadancin Louisiana Baton Rouge na Cocin LDS.   An kira su biyun zuwa aikin jim kaɗan bayan Amos yana aiki a kan Mars 2020 Rover. Sun dawo don kallon saukar jirgin da kansu kuma suka raba shi ta yanar gizo tare da masu wa'azi sama da 200. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Toone |first=Trent |date=2021-02-19 |title=Ex-NASA engineer watches her project land on Mars while serving Latter-day Saint mission |url=https://www.deseret.com/faith/2021/2/19/22290171/former-nasa-engineer-watches-perseverance-rover-land-on-mars-while-serving-latter-day-saint-mission/ |access-date=2025-12-10 |website=Deseret News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter</title>
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'''Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter''' ƙwararriyar mai fasaha ce ta watsa shirye-shirye, mai fafutuka, mai fafutukar gyara gidajen yari kuma mai magana  da ke zaune a Brooklyn, New York .  An fi saninta da ƙirƙirar zane-zane na gani, fina-finai, da kiɗa, da kuma waƙoƙin rap a ƙarƙashin sunan '''Isis Tha Saviour''' .

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Baxter a shekarar 1981, &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Anonymous2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=2024 - Anonymous Was a Woman |url=https://www.anonymouswasawoman.org/2023-1 |access-date=December 29, 2024 |website=[[Anonymous Was A Woman Award]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta girma a Philadelphia.  Tun tana ƙarama, Baxter ta tuna da satar tambarin abinci daga ɗan uwanta ta kuma yanke su gunduwa-gunduwa don amfani da su a cikin wani zane mai kama da collage. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Downing2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Downing |first=Andy |date=November 5, 2024 |title='Paint Me a Road Out of Here' unpacks the power, limitations of art |url=https://matternews.org/culture/art/paint-me-a-road-out-of-here-unpacks-the-power-limitations-of-art/ |access-date=December 27, 2024 |website=MatterNews.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifiyarta ce ta rene ta, wacce aka gano tana da cutar [[Hauka|schizophrenia]] .

A aji shida, malamar zane-zane ta gabatar da ɗaya daga cikin zane-zanen Baxter ga wata gasa ta gida. Baxter ta yi nasara, kuma an nuna ayyukanta a taga a wani shagon Macy's, a gefen titi daga zauren birnin Philadelphia .  Tun tana da shekaru 12, Baxter ta kasance ma'aikaciyar jihar, &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Downing2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Downing |first=Andy |date=November 5, 2024 |title='Paint Me a Road Out of Here' unpacks the power, limitations of art |url=https://matternews.org/culture/art/paint-me-a-road-out-of-here-unpacks-the-power-limitations-of-art/ |access-date=December 27, 2024 |website=MatterNews.org |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDowning2024&quot;&gt;Downing, Andy (November 5, 2024). [https://matternews.org/culture/art/paint-me-a-road-out-of-here-unpacks-the-power-limitations-of-art/ &quot;'Paint Me a Road Out of Here' unpacks the power, limitations of art&quot;]. ''MatterNews.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 27,&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an gano tana da cutar rashin da'a .  A lokacin da take da shekaru 17, an karɓe ta a Jami'ar Penn State don yin babban digiri a fannin [[Nazarin baƙar fata|nazarin Baƙar fata 'yan Amurka]] .

A shekara ta 2007, an kama Baxter saboda sammacin da aka ba ta, kuma da farko an tsare ta a gidan yari na Riverside Correctional Facility .  Tana da ciki na watanni 9 a lokacin.  Baxter ta sha naƙuda na tsawon awanni 43, wanda ya ƙare a lokacin tiyatar gaggawa ta C-section, inda aka ɗaure ta a kan gadonta duk tsawon lokacin.

Baxter ya sami digiri na biyu a fannin fasaha da zane  da kuma lafiyar ɗabi'a  daga Kwalejin Al'umma ta Philadelphia .

== Sana'a ==
Daga 2010 zuwa 2017, Baxter ta mai da hankali kan yin kiɗa da kuma aikin mawakan hip-hop.  Ta yi wa wasan kwaikwayo na Isis Tha Saviour, wanda ta zaɓa wa Isis, allahiyar uwa ta Masar. 

A shekarar 2020, an saka bidiyon Baxter a cikin nunin &quot;Lokacin Alamar: Fasaha a Zamanin Tsare-tsare na Mass&quot; a MOMA PS1 .  

A shekarar 2021, Baxter ta yi aiki a matsayin manajan ofishi na Mural Arts Philadelphia, wanda ke cikin gidan Thomas Eakins .  A wannan shekarar, ta fitar da wani shirin daukar hoto mai suna ''Consecration to Mary'', wanda ya dogara ne akan wani &quot;hotunan tsiraici na wata yarinya Bakar fata&quot; da Thomas Eakins, wani mai lalata da mutane, ya dauka a shekarar 1882. &lt;ref name=&quot;Passerby24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Brooklyn2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter: &quot;Ain't I a Woman&quot; |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/exhibitions/mary_enoch_elizabeth_baxter_aint_i_a_woman |access-date=December 28, 2024 |website=[[Brooklyn Museum]] |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ta sanya hotunan kanta a kan yarinyar da ke cikin hotonta na asali, inda ta ƙirƙiri sabon hoto inda aka kare wanda aka azabtar.  &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;ArtAfrica2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2023 |title=Ain't I a Woman: Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter at Brooklyn Museum, United States |url=https://artafricamagazine.org/aint-i-a-women-mary-enoch-elizabeth-baxter-at-brooklyn-museum-united-states/ |access-date=December 28, 2024 |website=ArtAfricaMagazine.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baxter da kanta ta soki Eakins, tana rubuta wani rubutu a cikin The Philadelphia Inquirer &quot;tana sukar girmama Eakins da birnin ke yi&quot;. 

A shekarar 2023, an nuna Baxter a wani baje kolin kaɗaici a Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn, mai taken &quot;Ain't I a Woman&quot;    kuma ta fitar da wata waƙa mai suna iri ɗaya, tana nuni ga waƙar Ain't I a Woman? ta [[Sojourner Truth]] mai fafutukar kawar da talauci.  Nunin gidan tarihi ya gabatar da ayyuka biyu, ɗan gajeren fim da kuma wani hoton sassa da yawa. Waƙar ta kasance wani nau'in waƙoƙin hip-hop na asali da aka fitar a ƙarƙashin sunan wasan kwaikwayo nata Isis Tha Saviour. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Glasgow2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glasgow |first=Abigail |date=June 20, 2024 |title=A Rikers Island Painting Goes on a Powerful Journey in New Documentary Paint Me a Road Out of Here |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/rikers-island-painting-documentary-paint-me-a-road-out-of-here |access-date=December 27, 2024 |website=[[Teen Vogue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Baxter ta yi amfani da abubuwan da ta fuskanta na ɗaure a lokacin haihuwa don &quot;ƙarfafa la'akari tsakanin ɗaurin kurkuku da bauta&quot;.  Marubuciya Nicole Fleetwood ta ƙara rubutawa: &quot;Baxter ta haɗa abubuwan da mata baƙar fata na zamani a gidajen yarin Amurka da abubuwan da mata baƙar fata suka fuskanta, musamman game da [[Haƙƙin haifuwa|aikinsu na haihuwa]] da kuma rashin tsari na dangin baƙar fata ta hanyar jari-hujja ta launin fata.&quot; 

Baxter ya yi aiki a matsayin babban furodusa kuma ya yi tare da Faith Ringgold a cikin shirin gaskiya mai suna &quot;Paint Me a Road Out of Here&quot;, wanda aka fara gabatarwa a Gidan Tarihi na Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2024.  &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Glasgow2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Glasgow |first=Abigail |date=June 20, 2024 |title=A Rikers Island Painting Goes on a Powerful Journey in New Documentary Paint Me a Road Out of Here |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/rikers-island-painting-documentary-paint-me-a-road-out-of-here |access-date=December 27, 2024 |website=[[Teen Vogue]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFGlasgow2024&quot;&gt;Glasgow, Abigail (June 20, 2024). [https://www.teenvogue.com/story/rikers-island-painting-documentary-paint-me-a-road-out-of-here &quot;A Rikers Island Painting Goes on a Powerful Journey in New Documentary Paint Me a Road Out of Here&quot;]. ''[[Teen Vogue]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 27,&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Fim ɗin ya haɗa labaran Ringgold da Baxter, yana binciko ƙoƙarinsu na &quot;yin sauyi ga mata da aka tsare da kuma waɗanda ke cikin talauci.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Amaya2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amaya |first=Sofia Escobar |last2=Greene |first2=Emma |date=October 2024 |title=Film Response: Faith Ringgold and Paint Me a Road Out of Here |url=https://web.colby.edu/thelantern/2024/10/25/film-response-faith-ringgold-and-paint-me-a-road-out-of-here/ |access-date=December 28, 2024 |website=[[Colby College]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baxter ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa ƙungiyar Dignity Act Now Collective. 

== Na Kai ==
A ranar 2 ga Fabrairu, 2024, Baxter ya sami afuwa daga gwamnan Pennsylvania Josh Shapiro da kuma [[Pennsylvania|Commonwealth of Pennsylvania]] .  

An nuna ayyukan Baxter a wurare da dama da kuma a talabijin, ciki har da Gidan Tarihi na Baƙar fata na Amurka da ke Philadelphia, Ben &amp; Jerry's Factory (Waterbury, Vermont), Gidan Tarihi na Brooklyn,  Jami'ar Brown, Gidan Yarin Gabashin Jihar, Frieze Los Angeles, Frieze New York 2024, Gidan Tarihi na Martos (New York), MoMA PS1, Gidan Tarihi na Al'adu na Duniya,  Cibiyar 'Yancin Jirgin Ƙasa ta Ƙasa, Cibiyar Schomburg don Bincike a Al'adun Baƙar fata, Gidan Tarihi na Two Rivers (British Columbia, Kanada), Gidan Tarihi na Yale, da kuma a kan HBO 's The OG Experience at Studio 525 a Chelsea.

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==

* 2017: Ƙungiyar 'Yancin Komawa ga Soze    &lt;ref name=&quot;CorrinaMeh22&quot;&gt;[https://sourcestudio.org/mary-enoch-elizabeth-baxter/ Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter: 2022 CORRINA MEHIEL FELLOW]. S.O.U.R.C.E. Studio.&lt;/ref&gt; 
* 2019: Kyautar Canjin Gidauniyar Leeway &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Leeway2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Mary Enoch Elizabeth Baxter |url=https://www.leeway.org/grantees/mary_enoch_elizabeth_baxter_lta_19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213161748/https://www.leeway.org/grantees/mary_enoch_elizabeth_baxter_lta_19 |archive-date=February 13, 2025 |access-date=December 29, 2024 |website=leeway.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CorrinaMeh22&quot; /&gt;
* 2021: Ed Trust Justice Fellow &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;CorrinaMeh22&quot; /&gt;
* 2021: Madarar Shea da MADUBI MAI KYAU Wanda aka ba da tallafin hangen nesa mai tasowa &lt;ref name=&quot;CorrinaMeh22&quot; /&gt;
* 2021: Kyautar Frieze Impact &lt;ref name=&quot;CorrinaMeh22&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt;
* 2022: Wanda aka ba da tallafin Asusun Fasaha don Adalci &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt; 
* 2022: Ƙungiyar Artist2Artist, Gidauniyar Fasaha, New York &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt; 
* 2022: Corrina Mehiel Fellow, SOURCE Studio &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; 
* 2022: Pratt Forward Fellow &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt;
* 2023: Soros Justice Fellow &lt;ref name=&quot;Frieze24&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Anonymous2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=2024 - Anonymous Was a Woman |url=https://www.anonymouswasawoman.org/2023-1 |access-date=December 29, 2024 |website=[[Anonymous Was A Woman Award]] |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.anonymouswasawoman.org/2023-1 &quot;2024 - Anonymous Was a Woman&quot;]. ''[[Anonymous Was A Woman Award]]''. 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 29,&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;APBBio&quot; /&gt;
* 2024: Kyautar &quot;Anonymous Was A Woman Award &quot; saboda &quot;kiɗanta, fim, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma zane-zanen gani da ta yi amfani da su a zamantakewa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Anonymous2024&quot; /&gt; 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]]
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  <page>
    <title>Majnu Ka Tilla</title>
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      <text bytes="10630" sha1="bh0x5ymfrmkqr976mbn6his0jx70sa1" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}[[Fayil:Majnu_ka_tilla_monastery.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Shafin Buddha a Samyeling Tibetan Colony ko Majnu ka tilha]]
{{Infobox settlement
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;|name=Majnu-ka-tilla|other_name=New Aruna Nagar Colony, Samyeling|settlement_type=[[neighbourhoods of Delhi|Neighborhood of Delhi]]|image_skyline=View from rooftop in Majnu-ka-tilla.jpg|image_caption=View from rooftop in Majnu-ka-tilla|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=Majnu-ka-tilla.png|map_caption=Location of Majnu-ka-tilla in Delhi|coordinates={{coord|28.70137|77.22816|display=inline,title}}|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|India}}|subdivision_type1=[[States and territories of India|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Delhi]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of districts of India|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[North Delhi]]|established_title=Established|established_date=1960|leader_party=|leader_title=|leader_name=|unit_pref=Metric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=klieger/&gt;|population_total=2,500|population_as_of=2000|population_density_km2=auto|timezone1=[[Indian Standard Time]]|utc_offset1=+5:30|postal_code_type=[[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]|postal_code=&lt;ref name=ud/&gt;|area_code_type=|area_code=[[Telephone numbers in India|+91 11]]|iso_code=}}
[[Fayil:New_Aruna-Nagar_Tibetan_settlement,_Delhi.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Sabon Aruna-Nagar mazaunin Tibet, Delhi]]
'''Majnu-ka-tilla''' ('''MKT''') wani yanki ne a [[Delhi]], [[Indiya]] wanda aka kafa a kusa da 1950. Majnu-ka-tilla ana kiranta New Aruna Nagar Colony,  '''Chungtown''',  da Samyeling. &lt;ref name=&quot;diary&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Samphel |first=Thubten |date=13 September 2006 |title=Dharamshala diary: Majnu Ka Tilla re-visited |url=http://tibet.net/2006/09/dharamshala-diary/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027231622/http://tibet.net/2006/09/dharamshala-diary/ |archive-date=27 October 2017 |access-date=20 November 2012 |publisher=[[Central Tibetan Administration]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana daga cikin Gundumar Arewacin Delhi kuma yana a bakin Kogin Yamuna (NH-1) kusa da ISBT Kashmiri Gate .

== Tarihi ==

=== Karni na 15 zuwa 18: Lokacin Sikh ===
{{Reflist}}
Sunan tarihi na yankin yana nufin tudun Majnu, bayan tilla ko tudun inda a lokacin mulkin Sikandar Lodhi (r. 1489–1517) a Delhi Sultanate, wani mai sihiri ɗan ƙasar Iran mai suna Abdulla, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da Majnu (wanda ya ɓace cikin soyayya), ya haɗu da Guru Nanak Dev Ji na farko a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1505. Majnu ya yi jigilar mutane a ƙetaren kogin Yamuna kyauta a matsayin bauta ga Allah, ibadarsa ta sa guru Ji ya zauna a nan har zuwa ƙarshen Yuli.[1].

Guru na shida na Sikh, Guru Har Gobind (r. 1606-1644) shi ma ya zauna a nan.

A shekara ta 1783, shugaban soja na Sikh Baghel Singh Dhaliwal ya gina Majnu ka Tila Gurudwara don tunawa da zama na Guru Nanak Dev . 

A yau yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin wuraren ibada na Sikh a Delhi da kuma kewayen dukiyar da sarkin Sikh na farkon karni na 19, Ranjit Singh ya ba da gudummawa.

=== Karni na 19-20: Lokacin mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya ===
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;
Yankin Majnu Ka Tilla yana da manyan matsugunan zama guda uku tare da jimillar gidaje 3000-3500, Aruna Nagar, New Aruna Nagar da Old Chandrawal Village, wanda aka gina a farkon shekarun 1900, lokacin da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta zaunar da ma'aikata da ke da hannu a gina gine-ginen Sakatariyar Tsakiya, a lokacin gina New Delhi. Zagaye na gaba na matsugunan ya zo ne bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1958-59 lokacin da reshen ƙasa da ci gaban birane na Ma'aikatar Raya Birane ta gina Aruna Nagar yayin da ta raba filaye 925 na murabba'in yadi 40 kowanne, ga mutanen da aka sake tsugunar da su a nan daga sassa daban-daban na Arewacin Delhi. Sansanin 'yan gudun hijira na Tibet wanda daga baya aka sanya wa suna New Aruna Nagar ya samo asali ne bayan 1960.

=== 1950 zuwa gaba: mazaunin 'yan gudun hijirar Tibet ===
Kamar dai yadda Aruna Nagar ke tasowa, tashin hankali na Tibet na 1959 ya faru a watan Maris, yawancin mazaunan Majnu-ka-tilla sun bar Tibet a 1959-60, lokacin da Dalai Lama ma ya tafi gudun hijira zuwa Dharamshala. Ba da daɗewa ba, wani karamin sansanin 'yan gudun hijirar Tibet a fadin hanya, a kan kogin Yamuna. Gwamnatin Indiya ta raba ƙasar ga 'yan gudun hijira a cikin 1960.&lt;ref name=&quot;dda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Suggestion of Masterplan Review 2021 (RWA Letter) |url=http://dda.org.in/planning/suggestions/Dy.No.3855.MPR.DDA.pdf |access-date=25 June 2013 |publisher=Delhi Development Authority (DDA)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan Yaƙin Sin da Indiya a 1962, yawancin 'yan gudun hijira da suka zauna na ɗan lokaci a kusa da iyakar Indo-China sun koma nan.&lt;ref name=&quot;ht13&quot; /&gt; A yau, gida ne ga ƙarni na biyu na 'yan gudun hijirar Tibet kuma an san shi da Samyeling, ta hanyar magana da &quot;Little-Tibet&quot; ko &quot;Mini-Tibat&quot;. 
[[Fayil:Tempa_Tsering_2013.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Tempa Tsering, &lt;small&gt;Wakilin Dalai Lama na 14 a New Delhi kuma memba na Gwamnatin Tibet a Baƙo, yana magana a wani taro, Majnu Ka Tilla, 2013&lt;/small&gt;]]
Matsayin shari'a na Majnu-ka-tilla a baya ya shiga cikin rikici. A shekara ta 1995, an &quot;ba mazauna tabbacin da aka yi daga Cibiyar&quot; cewa za a ba su damar kasancewa a shafin har sai an warware rikicin kasa da kasa game da Tibet. A watan Yunin shekara ta 2006, an ba da sanarwar kotu ga mulkin mallaka wanda ke nuna cewa za a rushe shi dangane da fadada hanyar Gwamnatin Delhi da shirin kyawawan Kogin Yamuna. Akalla an rushe gine-gine biyu dangane da wannan tsari.&lt;ref name=&quot;diary&quot;/&gt; Ya zuwa shekara ta 2012, duk da haka, wani umarni na kotu ya guje wa korar, ya daidaita matsayin mulkin mallaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 September 2012 |title=Delhi court order brings relief to Tibetans |url=http://tibet.net/2012/09/17/delhi-court-order-brings-relief-to-tibetans-in-majnu-ka-tilla/ |access-date=20 November 2012 |publisher=[[Central Tibetan Administration]] |archive-date=31 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031162618/http://tibet.net/2012/09/17/delhi-court-order-brings-relief-to-tibetans-in-majnu-ka-tilla/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris na shekara ta 2013, Gwamnatin Delhi ta hada da New Aruna Nagar (Kamp din 'yan gudun hijira na Tibet) a cikin jerin sunayen 895 &quot;da za a tsara su&quot;.

Yankin 'yan gudun hijira ya sami ambaliyar ruwa a lokacin ruwan sama na 2010, a sakamakon haka yawancin mazauna sun dauki matakan ƙarfafawa a cikin gine-ginen su. A ranar 20 ga Yuni 2013, a lokacin ambaliyar Arewacin Indiya, kogin Yamuna ya rushe bankunan sa kuma ya mamaye gidaje da yawa a yankin da ke ƙasa. Sun kasance a cikin ruwa na kwanaki da yawa, kuma mutane sun koma hawa na sama ko sansanonin agaji. Ruwan kuma yana haifar da katsewar wutar lantarki da karancin ruwa, wanda ke haifar da damuwa game da haɗarin kiwon lafiya.

== PTattalin Arziki ==
Tattalin arzikin Majnu-ka-tilla yana kewaye da otal-otal, gidajen baƙi da gidajen cin abinci.&lt;ref name=&quot;diary&quot;/&gt; Wani muhimmin bangare na tattalin arziki shine haya gida yayin da yawancin jama'a ke cikin gidaje da aka gina kusa, bene da yawa masu tsawo da kuma kusanci ta hanyar ƙananan hanyoyi. Bugu da kari, akwai kasuwar shagunan sayar da kayayyaki, gami da shagunan littattafai, shagunan sha'awa, masu yin karafa, da kuma gidan kyakkyawa; gidajen cin abinci na intanet, da hukumomin tafiye-tafiye. &lt;ref name=&quot;diary&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;express&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Yambem |first=Miranda |author2=Amrita Tripathi |title=Footloose in Little Lhasa |url=http://www.phayul.com/mobile/?page=view&amp;c=1&amp;id=8721 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223529/http://www.phayul.com/mobile/?page=view&amp;c=1&amp;id=8721 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |accessdate=4 January 2005 |newspaper=[[Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Garin ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu yawon bude ido na kasashen waje da na cikin gida. Wurin yana kusa da shahararrun jami'o'in Delhi kamar Jami'ar Delhi da Jami'ar Ambedkar. Don haka dalibai sun hada da yawan masu yawon bude ido na wannan yanki.

== Al'adu ==
Majnu-ta-killa tana da gidan ibada da haikalin Buddha, suna wa'azin Tibet-Buddha. Saka Dewa, Losar, Ranar Haihuwar Dalai Lama sune shahararrun bukukuwan da ake yi a nan.

== Yawan jama'a ==
Yankin yana da mazauna kimanin 2,500 a cikin ƙungiyoyin iyali 378 a shekarar 2000. Mazauna yankin suna da ƙabila mai ƙarfi: a wani bincike da aka gudanar kan matasan da suka shigo kwanan nan daga Tibet da kuma ƙananan yara 'yan gudun hijirar Tibet a Majnu-ka-tilla, waɗanda aka gano cewa dukkansu 'yan Tibet ne 100%, kusan duk suna son auren Tibet, kuma kusan kashi 60% sun ce kashi 80% ko fiye na abokansu 'yan Tibet ne.&lt;ref name=&quot;klieger&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mafi mahimmanci wannan wuri sananne ne ga ilimi kyauta, ba da shawara game da aiki da jin dadin jama'a ta Mista Purushottam Dass wanda yake mai fafutukar zamantakewa kuma mai son ci gaban ɗan adam.

== Gudanarwa ==
A fannin gudanarwa, ya fada ƙarƙashin sashin Civil Lines na Gundumar Arewacin Delhi na NCT Delhi . &lt;ref name=&quot;ud&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=List of applicant unauthorized colonies: Sl. no.106, rgn no. 111 |url=http://ud.delhigovt.nic.in/1639%20UC%20LIST.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031122157/http://ud.delhigovt.nic.in/1639%20UC%20LIST.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2017 |access-date=25 June 2013 |publisher=Govt. Of NCT. Of Delhi, Urban Development Department}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sufuri ==
Yankin yana kan hanyar National Highway 1, wanda yake wani ɓangare na Grand Trunk Road na tarihi da Outer Ring Road na Delhi. Yana da nisan tafiya daga ISBT Kashmere Gate . Ana iya kusantar ta hanyar tashar Kashmeri Gate na Metro na Delhi, yana kan Red (New Bus Adda-Rithala), Violet (Escorts Mujesar - Kashmere Gate) da Yellow Lines (Samaypur Badli - Ruwa City Center). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Delhi Metro Yellow Line Map |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/delhi/delhi-metro-yellow-line-map.html |access-date=30 May 2018 |publisher=Maps of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; tashar canja wuri ce tsakanin Red Line a matakin sama mafi girma da Yellow Line a matakin mafi ƙasƙanci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Station Information |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=2010-06-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tashar metro ta Vidhan Sabha tana da nisan kilomita 1.5.&amp;nbsp;

== Bayani ==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot; /&gt;

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==
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    <title>Mary Hunter Austin</title>
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'''Mary Hunter Austin''' (Satumba 9, 1868 - Agusta 13, 1934) marubuciya ce 'yar Amurka. Ɗaya daga cikin marubutan yanayi na farko na Kudu maso Yammacin Amurka, littafinta mai suna ''The Land of Little Rain'' (1903) ya bayyana dabbobi, flora, da mutanen yankin da ke tsakanin High Sierra da Hamadar Mojave ta kudancin California .

== Shekarun farko da ilimi ==
[[Fayil:Graduation_photograph_of_American_author_Mary_Hunter_Austin,_1888.jpg|thumb|Hoton kammala karatun Mary Hunter Austin, 1888]]
An haifi Mary Hunter Austin a ranar 9 ga Satumba, 1868, a Carlinville, Illinois ('ya'ya na huɗu cikin shida) ga Susannah ('yar Graham) da George Hunter. Ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Blackburn a 1888. Iyalinta sun ƙaura zuwa California a wannan shekarar kuma suka kafa gida a San Joaquin Valley . &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;NM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography of Mary Hunter Austin |url=http://newmexicohistory.org/people/biography-of-mary-hunter-austin |access-date=December 31, 2018 |website=New Mexico History }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aure ==
[[Fayil:Mary-Hunter-and-Stafford-Wallace-Austin.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton auren Stafford Wallace Austin da Mary Hunter Austin, 1891. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Austin |url=https://mojavedesert.net/people/mary-austin.html |website=mojavedesert.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Ta auri Stafford Wallace Austin a ranar 18 ga Mayu, 1891, a Bakersfield, California . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-11 |title=Searching for Mary Austin |url=https://www.altaonline.com/dispatches/a8713/searching-for-mary-austin-joy-lanzendorfer/ |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=Alta Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Loneliest Land |url=https://www.npca.org/articles/942-the-loneliest-land |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=National Parks Conservation Association |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya fito ne daga Hawaii, ya kammala karatunsa a Jami'ar California, Berkeley, &lt;ref name=&quot;NM&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biography of Mary Hunter Austin |url=http://newmexicohistory.org/people/biography-of-mary-hunter-austin |access-date=December 31, 2018 |website=New Mexico History }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://newmexicohistory.org/people/biography-of-mary-hunter-austin &quot;Biography of Mary Hunter Austin&quot;]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''New Mexico History''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;December 31,&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ma'aikacin Ofishin Filaye na Amurka, sannan daga baya ya zama lauya a Yaƙin Potash . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 19, 2013 |title=Stafford Wallace Austin &amp;#124; Trona on the Web |url=https://www.trona-ca.com/s-w-austin/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Tsawon shekaru 17, Austin ta yi nazari na musamman kan rayuwar mutanen asali na Hamadar Mojave . Littattafanta sun bayyana ilimin da ta samu sosai. Ta kasance marubuciya mai hazaka, mawaƙi, mai suka, kuma marubuciyar wasan kwaikwayo, haka kuma tsohuwar [[Feminism|mai]] rajin kare haƙƙin 'yan asalin Amurka da kuma 'yan asalin Spain-Amurkawa.

Austin ta fi shahara da girmamawa ga hamadar California, ''The Land of Little Rain'' (1903).  An shirya wasan kwaikwayo nata ''mai suna The Arrow Maker'', wanda ke magana game da rayuwar Indiya, a New Theatre ( [[New York (birni)|New York]] ) a shekarar 1911, a wannan shekarar ta buga wani yabo mai ban mamaki ga wanda ta sani HG Wells a matsayin mai shirya &quot;littattafai masu ba da labari, masu rai, da mahimmanci&quot; a cikin ''Mujallar Amurka'' .

Austin da mijinta sun shiga cikin Yaƙin Ruwa na California na gida, daga baya aka zubar da ruwan Owens Valley don samar da abinci ga Los Angeles.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Forget it, Jake, it's Chinatown: Owens Lake Dust Mitigation Program Near Keeler, California |url=https://noehill.com/inyo/poi_owens_lake_dust_mitigation.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta San Francisco ta 1906, Stafford ya ƙaura &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Who's in a Name: Penstemon floridus var. Austinii |url=https://www.cpp.edu/~larryblakely/whoname/who_aust.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818113521/https://www.cpp.edu/~larryblakely/whoname/who_aust.htm |archive-date=August 18, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; zuwa Death Valley kuma Mary ta ƙaura &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=California Historical Landmark #229: Mary Austin Home in Inyo County |url=https://noehill.com/inyo/cal0229.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt; zuwa yankin fasaha da ke Carmel-by-the-Sea, California .   A can Austin yana cikin da'irar al'adu waɗanda suka haɗa da Jack London, Ambrose Bierce, Harry Leon Wilson, George Sterling, Nora May French, Arnold Genthe, James Hopper, Alice MacGowan, Joaquin Miller, Gelett Burgess, Sinclair Lewis, da Xavier Martinez . Shekaru biyu bayan ƙulla abota da Austin a 1904, Sterling ya ja hankalinta ta haɗu da shi a Carmel. &lt;ref name=&quot;edwards&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|p49}}

A shekarar 1906, ta gina gidan bishiya, wanda ta kira &quot; Wick-i-up &quot;,  wanda MJ Murphy ya gina, bisa ga zane da mai zane na San Francisco Louis Christian Mullgardt ya yi. Ta rubuta yawancin rubuce-rubucenta daga wannan gidan bishiya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Cottages&quot; /&gt; Austin ta ɗauki Murphy aiki a shekarar 1907 don ƙirƙirar gida mai kama da na sana'a wadda ta kira &quot;Rose Cottage.&quot; Gidan yana mahadar titin 4th da titin Monte Verde. Gidan yana da lambuna da ƙofofi biyu tare da hanyoyi da ke kaiwa gare shi. A wannan gidan, ta nishadantar da abokanta, ciki har da London, Sterling, da Lewis.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1992 |title=Homes of Famous Carmelites |url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/homes_of_famous_carmelites_0.pdf?1564762654 |access-date=2023-04-11 |website=ci.carmel.ca.us |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California |page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; A yau, gidan an jera shi a matsayin ''Gidan Mary Austin'' tare da Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources, &lt;ref name=&quot;Inventory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Carmel Inventory Of Historic Resources Database |url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/carmel_inventory_of_historic_resources_v2022.pdf |access-date=April 9, 2023 |website=The City of Carmel |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an rubuta shi tare da Ma'aikatar Wuraren Shakatawa da Nishaɗi a matsayin muhimmin abu a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idar rajista ta California a matsayin gidan ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa masarautar bohemian a Carmel. &lt;ref name=&quot;DPR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2001-10-14 |title=DPR 523 Forms Volume I A-69 |url=https://ci.carmel.ca.us/sites/main/files/file-attachments/carmel_historic_survey_volume_i_blocks_a-69.pdf?1647898074 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Department of Parks and recreation |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Austin tana ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Forest Theatre na gida, inda a shekarar 1913 ta fara kuma ta jagoranci wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'Fire' mai ayyuka uku.'' A watan Yulin 1914, ta haɗu da William Merritt Chase, fitaccen mai zane na New York wanda ke koyar da darasin bazara na ƙarshe a Carmel, a wasu &quot;teas&quot; na al'umma da kuma a sirdiyon sa, inda ya kammala hotonta. Shahararriyar mai zane Jennie V. Cannon ta ba da rahoton cewa ya fara zanen ne a matsayin zanga-zangar aji bayan da Austin ya yi iƙirarin cewa an riga an karɓi hotunanta guda biyu, waɗanda shahararrun masu fasaha suka yi a Latin Quarter na Paris, zuwa Salon.  A bayyane yake, Chase bai hana ta jin daɗin &quot;nuna himma da iƙirarin Austin game da fahimtar da ba ta dace ba&quot;, amma ta fi sha'awar naɗinta a matsayin darektan tallata Gabashin Tekun don Nunin Duniya na Panama–Pacific na San Francisco. &lt;ref name=&quot;edwards&quot; /&gt;  A ranar 25 ga Yuli, 1914, Chase ta halarci wasan kwaikwayo na Indiya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Forest Theater, ''The Arrow Maker'', kuma ta shaida wa Cannon cewa ya ga wasan yana da ban tsoro. A bayyane yake cewa, Dr. Daniel MacDougal, shugaban Cibiyar Carnegie ta yankin, ya biya mafi yawan kuɗin shirya ta, saboda soyayyar da ba ta ɓoye ba da ya yi da marubucin. &lt;ref name=&quot;edwards&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;fink&quot; /&gt; A watan Agusta na 1914, ɗaya daga cikin ɗaliban Chase, Helena Wood Smith, an shaƙe ta aka binne ta a bakin teku ta hanyar masoyinta, mai ɗaukar hoto mai zane-zane George Kodani, &lt;ref name=&quot;edwards&quot; /&gt;  Austin ya shiga cikin taron jama'a waɗanda suka raina hukumomin yankin saboda zargin rashin iya aikinsu. &lt;ref name=&quot;edwards&quot; /&gt; Bayan 1914 ziyararta zuwa Carmel ta kasance taƙaice.

Bayan ya ziyarci Santa Fe a shekarar 1918, Austin ya taimaka wajen kafa The Santa Fe Little Theatre  (har yanzu yana aiki a yau a matsayin The Santa Fe Playhouse &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mission + History |url=http://www.santafeplayhouse.org/about |access-date=April 18, 2016 |website=Santa Fe Playhouse .org }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ) kuma ya jagoranci shirin farko na ƙungiyar da aka gudanar a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1919, a ɗakin taro na St. Francis da ke gidan adana kayan fasaha.  Austin kuma ya kasance mai himma wajen kiyaye al'adun yankin New Mexico, inda ya kafa ƙungiyar Spanish Colonial Arts Society a shekarar 1925 tare da mai zane Frank Applegate. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Lewthwaite |first=Stephanie |year=2010 |title=Modernity, Mestizaje, and Hispano Art: Patrocinio Barela and the Federal Art Project |journal=Journal of the Southwest |volume=52 |issue=1 |page=42 |doi=10.1353/jsw.2010.0002 |jstor=27920208 |s2cid=109908580}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1929, lokacin da yake zaune a New Mexico, Austin ya rubuta littafi tare da mai ɗaukar hoto [[Ansel Adams]] . An buga shekara guda bayan haka, littafin, ''Taos Pueblo'', an buga shi a cikin ƙaramin bugu na kwafi 108 kawai. Yanzu ba kasafai yake faruwa ba domin, maimakon kwafi, ya haɗa da hotunan da Adams ya yi. 

== Mutuwa da gado ==
Austin ya mutu a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1934, a Santa Fe.

An sanya wa Dutsen Mary Austin, da ke cikin Sierra Nevada, suna don girmama ta.  Yana da nisan mil 8.5 yamma da gidanta na dogon lokaci a Independence, California .
[[Fayil:Mary_Austin_Home.JPG|alt=photo of Mary Hunter Austin's home in Independence, California|thumb|Mary Hunter Austin ta rubuta game da gidanta na Independence, California, a cikin ''The Land of Little Rain'']]
Gidan Austin da ke Independence, California, wanda ma'auratan suka tsara kuma suka gina, ya zama wani wuri mai tarihi a California. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Austin's Home (No. 229 California Historical Landmark) &amp;#124; Sierra Nevada Geotourism |url=https://sierranevadageotourism.org/entries/mary-austins-home-no-229-california-historical-landmark/44cb827b-88ed-4461-99e4-9db5f2c6adb5 |website=sierranevadageotourism.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Taswirar Tarihi ta California ta ce:

:: CHL Lamba 229 Austin Home - Inyo Lamba 229 GIDAN MARY AUSTIN - Mary Austin, marubuciyar The Land of Little Rain da sauran kundin littattafai waɗanda ke nuna kyawun Owens Valley, ta rayu a Independence. &quot;Amma idan ka wuce iyakokin har zuwa garin da ke cikin wani tsaunin tudu a gindin Kearsarge, kada ka taɓa barinsa har sai ka buga ƙofar gidan launin ruwan kasa a ƙarƙashin itacen willow a ƙarshen titin ƙauyen, kuma a can za ka sami irin wannan labarin ƙasar, hanyoyinta da abin da ke cikinta, kamar yadda wani mai sonta zai iya ba wa wani ...&quot; ɗan bayani daga The Land of Little Rain. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CHL # 229 Austin Home Inyo |url=https://www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com/landmarks/chl-229 |website=www.californiahistoricallandmarks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gidanta da ke Santa Fe, a lamba 439 Camino del Monte Sol, an jera shi a cikin Rijistar Wurare na Tarihi na Ƙasa a matsayin ginin bayar da gudummawa a Gundumar Tarihi ta Camino del Monte Sol .

An buga tarihin rayuwa a shekarar 1939. Bugun 1950 na littafin The Land of Little Rain da kuma bugu na Taos Pueblo na shekarar 1977 kowannensu ya haɗa da hotunan Ansel Adams. Doris Baizley ce ta rubuta wani shirin talabijin na The Land of Little Rain kuma aka gabatar da shi a American Playhouse a shekarar 1989; Helen Hunt ce ta fito a fim ɗin.

== Zaɓaɓɓun ayyuka ==
 

== Waƙa (jerin da ba a cika ba) ==

:: &quot;Sunansa Pedro-Pablo-Ignacio-Juan-Francesco Garcia y Gabaldon, Amma masu kisan suna kiransa Pete;&quot;

* ''San Francisco'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poem: San Francisco by Mary Austin |url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/san-francisco-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Mai Kiran Buffalo'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Poem: Caller of the Buffalo by Mary Austin |url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/caller-buffalo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Hasken Haske da Busa-Buoy'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Austin - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry |url=https://allpoetry.com/Mary-Austin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ƙarin karatu ==

* http://npshistory.com/publications/deva/mis-v18n11-1965.pdf
* https://www.npca.org/articles/942-the-loneliest-land
* https://web.archive.org/web/20020405154410/https://www.owensvalleyhistory.com/mary_austin/page49.html
* 
* Alaimo, Stacy. &quot;Yanayin da ba a taɓa mantawa da shi ba na ra'ayin mata: Mary Austin da mata masu ra'ayin kare muhalli masu ci gaba.&quot; ''Nazarin Almarar Amurka'' 26, lamba 1 (Bazara ta 98 1998): 73–96.
* Baer, Morley, ''Ɗaki da Lokaci Mai Isa, Ƙasar Mary Austin'', Northland Press, Flagstaff, Arizona 1979, 
* Becher, Anne da Richey, Joseph. ''Shugabannin Muhalli na Amurka: Daga Zamanin Mulkin Mallaka zuwa Yanzu'' (2 juzu'i, bugu na 2. 2008) [[iarchive:americanenvironm0001bech|juzu'i na 1 shafi na kan layi]] na 33–36.
* Hoffman, Abraham. &quot;Mary Austin, Stafford Austin, da kuma Owens Valley.&quot; ''Mujallar Kudu maso Yamma,'' 53 (Kaka-Hutu 2011): 305–322.
* Pearce, Thomas Matthews. ''Mary Hunter Austin'' New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1965. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780891978374|&lt;bdi&gt;9780891978374&lt;/bdi&gt;]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Wynn |first=Dudley |date=1966 |title=Mary Hunter Austin by T. M. Pearce (review) |journal=Western American Literature |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=130–133 |doi=10.1353/wal.1966.0001 |s2cid=165474363 |id={{Project MUSE|528587}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Stout |first=Janis P. |date=1998 |title=Mary Austin's Feminism: A Reassessment |journal=Studies in the Novel |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=77–101 |jstor=29533250}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=22. Pearce, T.M.. Mary Austin. New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc.,, 1965. &amp;#124; New Mexico Archives Online |url=https://nmarchives.unm.edu/repositories/22/archival_objects/379831}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pearce |first=Thomas Matthews |date=February 23, 1966 |title=Mary Hunter Austin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbVgwgEACAAJ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [https://content.ucpress.edu/chapters/10520.ch01.pdf ''Mary Austin da Yammacin Amurka'' - Babi na 1] [[Jami'ar California Press]]
* [https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/mary-austin-mojave-nature-writer/ Mary Hunter Austin] @ Mujallar Waje
* 
* 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Massouda Jalal</title>
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      <text bytes="17252" sha1="rx03va9m3h4klf7twqv1nwz32he4wt5" xml:space="preserve">'''Massouda Jalāl''' ( Dari   ) ita ce mace ta farko a tarihin [[Afghanistan]] da ta tsaya takarar kujerar Shugaban Afghanistan a 2002, 2004, da kuma a 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=dr massouda jalal - Google Search |url=https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&amp;q=dr+massouda+jalal |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=www.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dr. Jalāl ta fito a matsayin babbar mai magana da yawun matan Afghanistan bayan an zabe ta a matsayin Wakiliyar Loya Jirga ta 2002 (Babban Majalisa) yayin da ta zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka yi takarar kujerar Shugaban rikon kwarya na Afghanistan, sabanin tsohon shugaban kasa Hamid Karzai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Profile of Afghanistan's Minister of Women's Affairs, Massouda Jalal |url=https://www.voanews.com/archive/profile-afghanistans-minister-womens-affairs-massouda-jalal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911042914/https://www.voanews.com/archive/profile-afghanistans-minister-womens-affairs-massouda-jalal |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mata (2004-2006) a majalisar ministocin gwamnatin Afghanistan kuma shugabar Hukumar Doka kan Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata (EVAW), ta bar wasu abubuwa da suka haɗa da tsarin Tsarin Ayyukan Ƙasa na Matan Afghanistan (NAPWA), wani shiri na shekaru goma ga mata don 'yantar da matan Afghanistan daga talauci da kuma haɓaka shigarsu cikin rayuwar jama'a. 

Tsakanin 2001-2004, Dr. Jalāl ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mace ɗaya tilo 'yar Afghanistan a matsayin memba na &quot;Wakilin Zaman Lafiya na Afghanistan&quot;. Kafin ta shiga siyasa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Farfesa a Jami'ar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kabul, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabanni a Shirin Abinci na Duniya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, UNHCR, da Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya a Afghanistan. Tana iya magana da harsunan Farisanci, Pashto, Turanci, Dutch, da Hindi/Urdu kuma tana iya magana da harsunan Faransanci da Jamusanci sosai. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Masha Hamilton |date=September 23, 2004 |title=Masooda Jalal's Campaign for President of Afghanistan |url=http://www.awakenedwoman.com/hamilton_jalal.htm |url-status=dead |journal=Awakened Woman E-magazine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010144716/http://www.awakenedwoman.com/hamilton_jalal.htm |archive-date=October 10, 2004}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haife ta a cikin iyali mai matsakaicin matsayi a Lardin Kapisa na Afghanistan, ɗaya daga cikin yara bakwai, Jalāl ta ƙaura zuwa [[Kabul]] don halartar makarantar sakandare. Bayan ta sami maki na biyu mafi girma a matakin ƙasa a Jarrabawar Shiga Kwalejin Ƙasa ta Afghanistan (Konkor), ta halarci Jami'ar Lafiya ta Kabul a matsayin ɗalibar makarantar sakandare da kwaleji ta ƙarni na farko, inda daga baya ta shiga jami'ar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-07-01 |title=Meeting Dr Massouda Jalal |url=https://www.sadf.eu/meeting-dr-massouda-jalal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911042916/https://www.sadf.eu/meeting-dr-massouda-jalal/ |archive-date=2021-09-11 |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=SADF |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tsakiyar yaƙin da ake gwabzawa a farkon shekarun 1990, ita da abokan aikinta na ilimi sun kafa Hukumar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam wadda ta ba da rahoton take haƙƙin ɗan adam ga Wakilin Musamman na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Afghanistan. Ta kasance memba a cikin malamai a Jami'ar Lafiya ta Kabul har zuwa 1996, lokacin da gwamnatin [[Taliban]] ta kore ta. Bayan an kore ta daga jami'ar Lafiya ta Kabul, ta yi aiki a matsayin Babbar Jami'ar Shirye-shirye ta Ƙasa kuma Shugabar Sashen Mata na [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] - Shirin Abinci na Duniya (UN-WFP), Mai Ba da Shawara ga Kwamitin Red Cross na Duniya, da Babbar Jami'ar Shirye-shirye ta Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNHCR). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency |url=https://www.unhcr.org/en-us/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=www.unhcr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarƙashin mulkin Taliban, ƙoƙarinta na kare haƙƙin mata da 'yan mata na samun ilimi da aiki ya sa aka kama ta saboda dalilai na siyasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;genderandsecurity.org&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 October 2011 |title=Frontrunner: The Afghan Woman Who Surprised the World {{!}} The Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights |url=https://genderandsecurity.org/projects-resources/filmography/frontrunner-afghan-woman-who-surprised-world |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=genderandsecurity.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake ta daga gidan yari ta hanyar shiga tsakani daga Hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Mijinta, Farfesa Dr. Faizullah Jalāl, farfesa ne a fannin Shari'a da Kimiyyar Siyasa a Jami'ar Kabul tsawon shekaru 30 da suka gabata kuma suna da 'ya'ya uku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview {{!}} I Hope the Taliban Will Learn From Their Past Mistakes: Massouda Jalal |url=https://thewire.in/south-asia/massouda-jalal-interview |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jami'an tsaron Taliban sun kama Farfesa Faizullah Jalāl a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 2022 saboda zarginsa da hannu a sukar gwamnatin Taliban a shafukan sada zumunta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 January 2022 |title=Taliban Condemned for Arresting Outspoken Afghan Professor |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-condemned-for-arresting-outspoken-afghan-professor/6388432.html |access-date=2022-01-09 |website=VOA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-09 |title=Prominent Afghan academic detained for criticising Taliban policies |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/504760-prominent-afghan-academic-detained-for-criticising-taliban-policies.html |access-date=2022-01-09 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin siyasa ==
An zaɓe Jalāl a matsayin Wakili daga unguwarta ta Kabul zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Afghanistan ta gaggawa ta 2002. A shekarar 2002, lokacin da ta tsaya takarar kujerar shugaban ƙasa a gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta Afghanistan, an yi mata la'akari da ta jagoranci Afghanistan a matsayin shugabar riƙon ƙwarya, amma daga ƙarshe aka sanya ta a matsayi na biyu bayan tsohon shugaban Afghanistan Hamid Karzai . Ta ƙi amincewa da tayin zama mataimakin shugaban ƙasa na farko na tsohon shugaban ƙasa Hamid Karzai a madadin janye takararta.

A shekara ta 2003, an sake zaɓen Jalāl daga Kabul zuwa Majalisar Dokoki ta Loya Jirga (Babban Majalisar) ta Afghanistan. A lokacin tsara Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Afghanistan, ta yi aiki tare da sauran mata wakilai don yin fafutukar ganin an haɗa mata da tanade-tanaden haƙƙin ɗan adam, gami da Mataki na 22; Mataki na 53, Sashe na 2; Mataki na 44; Mataki na 54, Sashe na 2; da Mataki na 83 da 84. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-03-05 |title=Biography of Dr. Masooda Jalal |url=https://www.afghan-web.com/biographies/biography-of-dr-masooda-jalal/ |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=Afghanistan Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin muhawarar Kundin Tsarin Mulki kan ko ya kamata a bai wa matan Afghanistan 'yancin kaɗa ƙuri'a da tsayawa takara a matsayin 'yar takara a manyan mukamai a gwamnati, magoya bayan sun yi amfani da gogewarta a takarar shugaban ƙasa a matsayin abin nuni, suna masu ambaton cewa ta riga ta yi amfani da wannan 'yancin. Ta hanyar tsayawa takara a matsayin 'yar takarar shugaban ƙasa, ta riga ta kafa ma'auni kan mafi girman matsayi inda ya kamata a bar matan Afghanistan su fafata. Wannan jigon muhawarar ya bayyana a cikin takardun Hukumar Kundin Tsarin Mulki kuma an rufe shi da kafofin watsa labarai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Who is who in Afghanistan? |url=http://www.afghan-bios.info/index.php?option=com_afghanbios&amp;id=743&amp;task=view&amp;total=2524&amp;start=973&amp;itemid=2 |access-date=2021-09-29 |website=www.afghan-bios.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Dr Massouda Jalāl ta sake tsayawa takarar kujerar Shugaban Afghanistan a matsayin mace tilo 'yar takara a zaben shugaban kasa na Afghanistan na 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; A zaben 2004, Jalāl ta zo ta 6 a cikin 'yan takara maza 17. Daga 2001 zuwa 2004.  Ita ce mace daya tilo 'yar Afghanistan da ta kasance cikin tawagar Afghanistan a lokacin tattaunawar zaman lafiya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 September 2004 |title=Afghan woman takes on presidential politics |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5931226 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911042913/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna5931226 |archive-date=September 11, 2021 |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin wannan matsayin, ta shiga cikin tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta hukuma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 July 2017 |title=Women's Leadership in Afghanistan's Reconstruction |url=https://asiasociety.org/womens-leadership-afghanistans-reconstruction |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Asia Society |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Mata (2004-2006) a majalisar ministocin gwamnatin Afghanistan kuma shugabar Hukumar Dokar Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata (EVAW), ta bar wasu abubuwa da suka haɗa da tsarin Tsarin Ayyukan Ƙasa na Matan Afghanistan (NAPWA), wani shiri na shekaru goma ga mata don 'yantar da matan Afghanistan daga talauci da kuma haɓaka shigarsu cikin rayuwar jama'a. Ta kuma kasance Shugabar Hukumar Dokar Kawar da Cin Zarafin Mata (EVAW), wanda kuma aka amince da shi daga baya a matsayin doka don 'yantar da matan Afghanistan daga tsoro, tashin hankali da zalunci.  A lokacin da take Ministar Harkokin Mata ta yi tafiya zuwa dukkan lardunan Afghanistan. A lokacin ɗaya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyen da ta yi a hukumance zuwa lardin Takhar na Afghanistan, an kai mata hari kuma an jefa mata bam, wanda ya sa masu tsaronta biyu suka ji rauni sosai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 March 2005 |title=USAID announces $2.5 million for Afghanistan Women's Ministry - Afghanistan |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/usaid-announces-25-million-afghanistan-womens-ministry |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=ReliefWeb |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kokarinta na ƙoƙarin inganta haƙƙin ɗan adam, haƙƙin mata, daidaito, adalci da zaman lafiya an buga su a cikin littattafai biyu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Women and the Future of Democracy in Afghanistan: The Work of the U.S.-Afghan Women's Council |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/wi/rls/55079.htm |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=2001-2009.state.gov |publisher=U.S. Department Of State, Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bugu da ƙari, shirin gaskiya na &quot;Frontrunner: The Afghanistan Woman Who Surprised the World&quot; wani shiri ne da aka yi a kanta. Wannan labari ne na jarumtaka na mace ta farko da ta tsaya takarar Shugabancin Afghanistan.  Duk da cewa a ƙarshe ta sha kaye a zaɓen da tsohon shugaban ƙasa Hamid Karzai ya yi, yaƙin neman zaɓenta na jarumtaka ya buɗe ƙofa ga mata sama da 550 su tsaya takarar Majalisar Dokoki watanni kaɗan bayan haka. &lt;ref name=&quot;genderandsecurity.org&quot;/&gt;

== Ƙungiyoyin Jama'a ==
Tun bayan da ta bar aiki a gwamnatin Afghanistan a shekarar 2006, ta shiga cikin harkokin kare hakkin dan adam, ƙungiyoyin farar hula, zamantakewa, da kuma fafutukar siyasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Massouda Jalal |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/news/dr-massouda-jalal/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=HuffPost UK |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ita ce ta kafa Jalāl Foundation, wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta, mai zaman kanta wadda ke haɗa majalisun mata da ƙungiyoyi don gina ƙarfin mata, kare haƙƙin mata, haɓaka shigar mata a harkokin siyasa, da kuma kawo muryoyin mata a cikin tarurrukan ƙasa da ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Author Page&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2013 |title=Author Page |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/author/massouda-jalal/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dr. Massouda Jalāl ta kuma kafa Jaridar Freedom Message Weekly - wata jarida mai fafutuka wacce ta fallasa cin zarafin haƙƙin mata da haƙƙin ɗan adam tare da haɓaka dimokuradiyya da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki a Afghanistan. A cikin waɗannan fannoni ta yi tafiya zuwa ƙasashe sama da 50 na duniya don wakiltar matan Afghanistan da kuma ɗaga muryoyinsu a dandamalin ƙasa da ƙasa. Ita ce kuma ta kafa kuma ta haɗa kai da ƙungiyoyi da cibiyoyin sadarwa na mata da yawa a Afghanistan da yankin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Log In or Sign Up to View&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Log In or Sign Up to View |url=https://www.facebook.com/login/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2010, wasu 'yan bindiga sun kai hari kan wasu masu fafutukar kare hakkin mata biyu na Gidauniyar Jalāl a Helmand lokacin da suke kan tafiya ta hukuma, inda suka kashe daya sannan suka sanya daya cikin suma. Harin ya tilasta wa Dr. Jalāl dakatar da tafiye-tafiyenta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Urgent Action Fund {{!}} Women's Rights in Afghanistan |url=https://urgentactionfund.org/2012/06/womens-rights-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=2021-09-12 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwanan nan, a lokacin da ta tsaya takara ta uku a Ofishin Shugaban Kasa a shekarar 2019, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Masouda Jalal داکتر مسعوده جلال |url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Politician/masouda.jalal.official/photos/ |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dr. Jalāl ta yi suka da tsaurin ra'ayi da kuma take hakkin dan adam da hakkokin mata a kafafen yada labarai na kasa da na duniya.   Wannan ya haifar da hare-hare da dama a kanta da 'yan uwanta, ciki har da gidanta da ofishinta, wadanda makiya zaman lafiya da dimokuradiyya suka kai mata bam.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Urgent Action Fund {{!}} Women's Rights in Afghanistan |url=https://urgentactionfund.org/2012/06/womens-rights-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=2021-09-11 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan faduwar Kabul a watan Agusta na 2021, an tilasta wa Jalāl yin gudun hijira zuwa [[Holand|Netherlands]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 September 2021 |title=Afghaanse oud-minister: Taliban willen dat vrouwen leven als tweederangsburgers |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2399237-afghaanse-oud-minister-taliban-willen-dat-vrouwen-leven-als-tweederangsburgers |access-date=26 September 2021 |publisher=NOS |language=nl}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==
An yaba mata da kuma yaba mata da ƙoƙarinta na fafutukar da take yi ba tare da gajiyawa ba, ta samu kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama daga ƙasashen duniya. Ta sami kyaututtuka kamar haka:

* Kyautar Duniya ta 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 1, 2010 |title=UN Watch human rights awards |url=https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1006/S00002/un-watch-human-rights-awards.htm |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=www.scoop.co.nz}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kyautar Kyau ta Mata, Majalisar 'Yan Kasuwa Mata ta SAARC&amp;nbsp;(SCWEC), 2010. &lt;ref name=&quot;Log In or Sign Up to View&quot;/&gt;
* Wanda aka ba kyautar, Cibiyar Ci Gaba da Ayyukan Jama'a (CEDPA)
* Kyautar Jagoranci saboda Gudummawa Mai Kyau ga Kyautar Haɓaka Mata daga Majalisar CSR ta Duniya; 
* Kyautar Jagorancin Mata Mai Hankali daga Majalisar Shugabannin Mata ta Duniya, WWLCA, 2014
* Wanda aka ba kyautar, Ƙungiyar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam ta Duniya da Shari'a
* Wanda aka zaɓa, Kyautar ASHOKA Fellowship Award
* Wanda aka zaɓa, Kyautar Tulip Prize, 2012 da 2011
* Ya lashe Gasar Karatu ta 1981 a lardin Kapisa a matakin lardi.
* Ta zo ta biyu a jarrabawar shiga Kwalejin Ƙasa ta Afghanistan ta 1981 (Kankor) a matakin ƙasa.
* Za a bai wa Massouda Jalal da 'yarta [[Husna Jalal]], masu fafutukar siyasa biyu a Afghanistan, kyautar kare hakkin mata ta duniya ta 2025, a taron Geneva karo na 17 kan kare hakkin dan adam da dimokuradiyya, 2025. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2025 International Women's Rights Award |url=https://genevasummit.org/speech/2025-international-womens-rights-award/ |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=The Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita ce mawallafin littattafai da dama,  &lt;ref name=&quot;Author Page&quot;/&gt; na ƙarshe daga cikinsu littafi ne mai suna &quot;Rataye da Maƙallin: Haƙƙoƙin Matan Afghanistan da Barazanar Tsaro&quot;, bayanin ra'ayoyinta game da zaman lafiya da tsarin siyasa na ƙasar.  Rubuce-rubucenta da fafutukarta na baya sun haɗa da labarai da hirarraki da yawa kan dimokuraɗiyya ta Afghanistan, bin doka, haƙƙin mata da cin zarafin mata a cikin harshen Farisanci da Turanci, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu an buga su a kafofin watsa labarai na gida da jaridu na duniya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 October 2013 |title=Home |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/search/?query=massouda+jalal |access-date=2021-09-12 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan: the blind pursuit of peace and reconciliation - Massouda Jalal - South Asia Citizens Web |url=http://www.sacw.net/article3865.html |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=www.sacw.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This information is too vague. (February 2022)&quot;&gt;rashin tabbas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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(Persian) wani shiri ne na musamman na [[IRIB TV3]], wanda Resalat Bouzari ya shirya, wanda ke watsawa kowace rana tare da kyakkyawar hanyar, alheri da bege kuma yana mai da hankali kan batutuwa kamar sadaukar da kai da gafara a lokacin watan [[Ramadan]] daga 19:00 har zuwa kusa da Maghrib [[Kiran Sallah|Adhan]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=مثل ماه |url=https://tv3.ir/program/144396 |website=شبکه سه}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=مثل ماه |url=https://www.telewebion.com/program/66890 |website=تلوبیون |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2021-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115153724/https://www.telewebion.com/program/66890 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 May 2020 |title=افطار پای تلویزیون؛ از ادعای تهیه‌کننده دعوت تا رهاشدگان از دست ملک‌الموت |url=https://plus.irna.ir/news/83775755/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811063316/https://plus.irna.ir/news/83775755/%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%87-%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA |archive-date=11 August 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021 |website=ایرنا}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan shirin ya maye gurbin [[Mah-e Asal (TV series)|Mah-e Asal]] a cikin Ramadan 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 May 2020 |title=قدم‌های اول برای &quot;مثل ماه&quot; شدن |url=https://snn.ir/fa/news/845502/قدم‌های-اول-برای-مثل-ماه-شدن |website=دانشجو}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan shirin yana ba da labarin rayuwar baƙi da aka gayyata zuwa shirin; Baƙi daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar sun halarci taron kuma suna magana game da abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwarsu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 April 2020 |title=جزییات برنامه افطاری شبکه سه/ رسالت بوذری و روایت‌های &quot;مثل ماه&quot; |url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4903379/جزییات-برنامه-افطاری-شبکه-سه-رسالت-بوذری-و-روایت-های-مثل-ماه |website=خبرگزاری مهر}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Baƙi na shirin yawanci waɗanda ke da labarin da za su fada. Wani abin da ya faru wanda ya shafi rayuwarsu kuma ya ɗauki launi da ƙanshin Allah kuma ta wata hanya ya kawo su kusa da Allah.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 April 2020 |title=&quot;مثل ماه&quot; و روایت داستان‌هایی که رنگ و بویی خدایی دارند |url=http://www.qudsonline.ir/news/701368/مثل-ماه-و-روایت-داستان-هایی-که-رنگ-و-بویی-خدایی-دارند |website=قدس}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gayyatar mutane daban-daban, yin abubuwa na zamantakewa da na ruhaniya, da kuma gabatar da kyawawan halaye na [[Ali ar-Ridha|Ali al-Ridha]], tare da kunna ɗan gajeren fim na waɗannan kyawawan halayi, wasu sassa ne na wannan shirin na musamman na IRIB TV3.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=تدارک ویژه &quot;مثل ماه&quot; برای رمضان ۱۴۰۱ |url=https://www.borna.news/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1-6/1314739-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9-%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%86 |website=برنا نیوز }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Waƙoƙin taken ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekarar watsa shirye-shirye
!Sunan mawaƙi
!Sunan waƙa
!Irin taken
!Bayani na musamman
|-
|2022
|Mohammad Motamedi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 April 2022 |title=محمد معتمدی تیتراژ &quot;مثل ماه&quot; را خواند/ بشنوید |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1619992/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%98-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF |website=خبر آنلاین}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Mesle Mah
|Bayyanawa na buɗewa
|Kalmomin da Waƙoƙi: Milad Erfanpour Road An shirya shi ta hanyar: Amir Hossein Akbarshahi Mix: Saeed Shayan
|-
|2022
|[[Amir Haghighat]]
|Diroozo Bargardoun
|Takaddun shaida na ƙarshe
|Kalmomin da Melody: Milad Erfanpour Road An shirya shi kuma an haɗa shi da: Amir Hossein Akbarshahi
|-
|2021
|Garsha Rezaei
|Mesle Mah
|Bayyanawa na buɗewa
|Kalmomin: Ali Bahraini Wayar: Garsha Rezaei
|-
|2021
|Mohsen Chavoshi
|Taghe Soraya
|Takaddun shaida na ƙarshe
|Waƙar, abun da ke ciki da tsari: Mohsen Chavoshi
|-
|2020
|Mohsen Chavoshi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 April 2020 |title=&quot;محسن چاوشی&quot; خواننده تیتراژ &quot;مثل ماه&quot; شد |url=https://www.asriran.com/fa/news/725241/محسن-چاوشی-خواننده-تیتراژ-مثل-ماه-شد |website=عصر ایران}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 April 2020 |title=محسن چاوشی برای &quot;مثل ماه&quot; خواند |url=https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/1381136/محسن-چاوشی-برای-مثل-ماه-خواند |website=خبر آنلاین}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Zamire Khodsar
|Bayyanawa na buɗewa
|Waƙar, abun da ke ciki da tsari: Mohsen Chavoshi
|-
|2020
|[[Amir Teymouri]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=تیتراژ پایانی مثل ماه با صدای امیر تیموری |url=http://tv3.ir/clip/144642 |website=شبکه سه}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Mesle Mah
|Takaddun shaida na ƙarshe
|Waƙar: Amir Teymouri Wayar: Hossein Nejabat Wayar: Ali Vahid
|-
|2020
|Mohsen Chavoshi
|Taghe Soraya
|Bayyanawa na Ghadr Nights
|Waƙar, abun da ke ciki da tsari: Mohsen Chavoshi
|}

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi</title>
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'''Seyyid Medeni Mehmed Nuri Efendi''' (24 Nuwamba 1859 - 29 Yuli 1927) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.kacyasindayim.com |title=Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi Doğum Tarihi Ne Zaman, Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi Kaç Yaşında |url=https://www.kacyasindayim.com/medeni-mehmet-nuri-efendi-dogum-gunu-tarihi-ne-zaman.html |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=Kaç Yaşındayım |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masanin addinin Musulunci ne, qadi (alƙali), kuma Sheikh al-Islam na ƙarshe na [[Daular Usmaniyya|Daular Ottoman]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TDV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=MEHMED NÛRİ EFENDİ |url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mehmed-nuri-efendi |access-date=2022-09-23 |website=TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;[3][4]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=ŞEYHÜLİSLAM İSTANBULLU MEHMET NURİ MEDENİ EFENDİ NEDİR? {{!}} Antoloji.com |url=https://www.antoloji.com/nedir/seyhulislam-istanbullu-mehmet-nuri-medeni-efendi/ |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=antoloji.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Medeni Mehmed Nuri a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 1859, a unguwar Sultantepe ta gundumar Üsküdar, [[Istanbul]] . Mahaifinsa shi ne [[Alhaji|el-Hajji]] [[Sayyid|es-Seyyid]] Tarsusizade Osman Kamil Efendi na Istanbul kuma ya zauna a cikin birni tsakanin 1821 da 1896. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ya kasance shugaban &quot;Tetkikat-ı Shar'iyye Council&quot; lokacin da ya mutu kuma yana da matsayi na soja a Anatolia da Anatolia. [2] Mahaifiy&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Türkçe Bilgi: Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi |url=https://www.turkcebilgi.com/medeni_mehmet_nuri_efendi |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=Türkçe Bilgi |language=tr |archive-date=2022-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010122217/https://www.turkcebilgi.com/medeni_mehmet_nuri_efendi |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mehmed Nuri ita ce Fındıkzade (Fındıkgil) Sherife Hatija Hanım . Nuri Efendi ya girma a gundumar Vefa ta IstaVefa, ya fara karatun firamare tare da mahaifinsa, ya kammala karatu daga madrasas na [[Makarantar Islamiyya|Madrasas]] Fatih Masallacin da &quot;Mekteb-i Nüvvab&quot;, kuma ya zama farfesa a Istanbul. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; [3] Ya tashi&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Işık |first=Ayhan |date=2009 |title=ŞEYHÜLİSLÂMLIK BELGELERİ IŞIĞINDA OSMANLI DEVLETİ'NİN SON ŞEYHÜLİSLÂMI MEHMET NURİ MEDENÎ EFENDİ |url=http://isamveri.org/pdfdrg/D03292/2009/2009_3/2009_3_ISIKA.pdf |journal=DİN ve HAYAT |pages=114–116}}&lt;/ref&gt; lokaci kuma ya sami matsayin Mahreç.[4]&lt;ref name=&quot;TDV&quot;/&gt;

A lokacin da yake da shekaru 22, ya fara aiki tare da albashi na ru'us kuma a hankali ya tashi a cibiyoyi daban-daban na tsarin shari'ar Ottoman ya zama qadi (alƙali) na Masar a 1912. Tsakanin Maris 1912 da Agusta 1915, ya zauna a [[Kairo|Alkahira]] kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin alƙali na Masar. Daga baya aka nada shi a matsayin babban qadi na lardin [[Adana]] . Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Evkaf . &lt;ref name=&quot;TDV&quot;/&gt; [2][3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Osmanlı'nın son Şeyhulislâm'ı Medenî Mehmed Nuri Efendi kimdir? |url=https://www.kafakalem.com/osmanli-nin-son-seyhulisl-m-i-meden-mehmed-nuri-efendi-kimdir/9546/ |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=kafakalem.com |language=tr |archive-date=2022-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010122218/https://www.kafakalem.com/osmanli-nin-son-seyhulisl-m-i-meden-mehmed-nuri-efendi-kimdir/9546/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An nada Nuri Efendi a matsayin Shaykh al-Islam a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 1920, lokacin da gwamnati ta yi murabus, kuma an sake nada shi a matsayin Sheik al-Islam ranar 4 ga Nuwamba, 1920, lokacin leken asirin Ottoman na karshe. Ya yi tsayayya da rarraba ofishin KHalifa kuma ya nace cewa ofishin ba kawai ya wakilci Ottomans ba amma na dukkan Musulmai a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=YURDAKUL |first=Ilhami |date=January 1999 |title=Şeyhülislam Dürrizâde Abdullah Beyefendi ile Şeyhülislam Medenî Mehmet Nuri Efendi'nin Hilafet hakkında muhtıraları |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/254338 |journal=Divan |pages=235–248}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da Babban Majalisar Tarayyar Turkiyya An soke Sultanate a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1922, ya yi murabus tare da gwamnatin Ottoman ta ƙarshe kuma ofishin Shaykh al-Islam ya ƙare a cikin tsarin Ottoman. Wannan mukamin ya ci gaba a matsayin shugaban Diyanet (Directorate of Religious Affairs)  a sabuwar [[Turkiyya|Jamhuriyar Turkiyya]]. Ba a ƙidaya shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mutane 150 da ba a yarda da su ba na Turkiyya, amma ba a biya fansho ba saboda ya kasance a cikin majalisar Damat Ferit Pasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Shi ne mahaifin 'ya'ya mata uku da ɗa tare da matarsa Şerife Hatice Fehime Hanım . Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Yuli 1927 a Ihsaniye, Üsküdar, Istanbul.&lt;ref name=&quot;TDV&quot; /&gt;[2][3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Sheikh-ul-Islams of the Ottoman Empire}}{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masallacin El-Badr</title>
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'''Masallacin El-Badr''' [[masallaci]] ne da ke a gundumar farko ta [[Marseille]], [[Faransa]] . Ƙungiyar Musulmi ta Al Badr ta mallaka shi a shekarar 2016, ginin tsohon majami'ar [[Yahudanci|Yahudawa]] ne da ake kira '''Majami'ar Or Thora''', wadda kuma ake kira '''Majami'ar Or Torah''' ('Hasken Attaura'),&lt;ref name=&quot;OT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Meotti, Giulio |date=June 18, 2017 |title=Allah takes over churches, synagogues |url=https://egretnews.com/index.php/2017/page/256/ |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=Egret News }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; wanda pieds-noirs suka kafa a shekarar 1962.

Kafin samun tsohon majami'a a 14 rue Saint Dominique, masallacin yana a 206 Chemin Saint-Joseph à Sainte-Marthe.

== Tarihi ==

=== A matsayin majami'a ===
An kafa majami'ar ne ta hannun pieds-noirs daga [[Aljeriya ta Faransa|Faransa Algeria]] a shekarar 1962.   Tana kan Rue Saint Dominique, kusa da [[Boulevard d'Athènes]], tsakanin [[Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles]] da [[Canebière]], a cikin gundumar Marseille ta farko.&lt;ref name=&quot;consistoirelesynagogues&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Les Synagogues |url=http://consistoiredemarseille.com/index.php/Les-Synagogues-a-Marseille/42-les-synagogues/id-menu-19.html |access-date=April 27, 2016 |website=Consistoire de Marseille |language=fr }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sakamakon kyamar Yahudawa a Marseille, majami'ar Yahudawa ta daina aiki.

=== A matsayin masallaci ===
A halin yanzu, masallacin da ke kusa, wanda ƙungiyar musulmi ta Al Badr ke gudanarwa, bai iya jure cunkoson da ake yi a kowane mako ba.&lt;ref name=&quot;OT&quot;/&gt; An sayar da ginin majami'ar a shekarar 2016 kan Yuro 400,000 ga ƙungiyar musulmi ta Al Badr, wata ƙungiya [[Musulmi|ta musulmi]]. Ƙungiyar ta yi shirin mayar da shi masallaci don ɗaukar wasu daga cikin, {{As of|2016}}, kimanin Musulmai 220,000 ne ke zaune a Marseille. 

An kammala mayar da ginin zuwa masallaci a cikin {{Circa|2020s}} .

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masallacin Jameh na Abarkuh</title>
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'''Masallacin Jāmeh na Abarkuh''' [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallacin Juma'a]] ne na ' [[Shi'a|yan Shi'a]] wanda ke [[Abarkuh]], a lardin Yazd, [[Iran]]. An fara kammala shi a [[Daular Buyid|zamanin Buyid]], tare da ƙarin abubuwa da gyare-gyare daga baya a zamanin Seljuk, Ilkhanid, Timurid, da Safavid, masallacin yana kusa da filin birnin, kuma an kammala shi, bayan gyare-gyare da yawa, a shekara ta 1338 CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2011 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Iranian Architectural History |url=http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406043613/http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |archive-date=6 April 2015 |publisher=Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Abarkuh Jame Mosque |url=https://gotoyazd.com/place/252/abarkuh-jame-mosque/ |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=gotoyazd.com |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731121600/https://gotoyazd.com/place/252/abarkuh-jame-mosque/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04 |script-title=fa:مسجد جامع ابرکوه؛ مسجدی با دو قبله |url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/2024147/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87 |access-date=10 August 2019 |website=[[Mehr News Agency]] |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙara masallacin a cikin [[Iran National Heritage List|Jerin Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iran]] a ranar 31 ga Yuli 1933, wanda [[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|Hukumar Al'adu, Sana'o'i da Yawon Bude Ido ta Iran]] ta gudanar.

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:تکیه_.jpg|alt=The mosque in 2017| Masallacin a shekarar 2017
Fayil:تکیه_ابوالفضل_ارادان.jpg|alt=Worshippers in front of the mosque, undated| Masu ibada a gaban masallaci, ba tare da an gama ba
Fayil:تعزیه_حر.jpg|alt=Worshippers inside the mosque, undated| Masu ibada a cikin masallaci, ba tare da an gama ba
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Marian Johnson-Thompson</title>
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'''Marian Cecelia Johnson-Thompson''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga Disamba, 1946) ƙwararriyar masaniyar cutar kanjamau ce 'yar Amurka wadda farfesa ce a Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia . An zaɓe ta a matsayin memba na Ƙungiyar Ci Gaban Kimiyya ta Amurka .

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Johnson-Thompson a [[Boston]] a shekarar 1946.  Ta koma Riviera Beach, Florida, tun tana ƙarama, inda ta yi karatun sakandare. A matsayinta na ɗalibi mai digiri na farko a [[Jami'ar Howard]], Johnson-Thompson ta ƙware a [[Ilimin halittu|fannin ƙwayoyin cuta]], kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a shekarar 1971.  Ta koma Jami'ar Georgetown don karatun digiri na biyu, inda ta mayar da hankali kan ilimin ƙwayoyin cuta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan rabuwar kai, Johnson-Thompson ita ce baƙar fata ta farko da aka haifa [[Amurkawa|a Amurka]] da ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta kammala binciken digiri na uku a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Georgetown a shekarar 1978. 

== Bincike da aiki ==
[[Fayil:Sister_two.jpg|thumb|Nazarin 'Yar'uwa]]
Binciken Johnson-Thompson ya shafi fannoni daban-daban na ilimin halittar jiki. Da farko, ta yi nazarin hanyoyin da azacytidine ke aiki a kan SV40 . Ta kuma yi bincike kan tasirin maganin laser na ultraviolet (UV) akan daidaiton DNA na kwayar cuta.  Ta yi nazarin hanyoyin kwayoyin halitta da ke haifar da [[Sankaran Nono|cutar kansar nono]], inda ta nuna cewa mata masu launin fata sun fi fuskantar [[Sankaran Nono|cutar kansar nono]] da muhalli ke haifarwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marian Johnson-Thompson, Ph.D. |url=http://www.epidemiolog.net/mhp/institute/2000/spkrbios/MarianJT.html |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=www.epidemiolog.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan binciken ya sanar da ita bukatar a sami wakilci mai kyau a fannin kimiyyar tsiraru a binciken likitanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Bayan ta yi ritaya daga Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia a shekarar 1994, Johnson-Thompson ta shiga Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa a matsayin darektan ilimi da ci gaban bincike kan halittu a [[Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli ta Ƙasa|Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Ƙasa]] (NIEHS),  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marian Johnson-Thompson |url=https://unclineberger.org/community-outreach/community-advisory-board/marian-johnson-thompson/ |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=UNC Lineberger |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; inda ta ɗauki nauyin gwaje-gwajen asibiti, ciki har da [[Nazarin 'Yar'uwa|Nazarin 'Yan'uwa]], wanda ya yi kama da ya fahimci musabbabin muhalli na [[Sankaran Nono|cutar kansar nono]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ta gano cewa mata 'yan [[Afirkawan Amurka|Afirka-Amurkawa]] sun fi fuskantar jinkirin gano cutar kansa, da kuma ƙarin magani mai tsawo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Black women may be less likely to receive timely treatment for breast cancer |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-09/w-bwm091620.php |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Johnson-Thompson ta yi ritaya daga NIEHS a shekarar 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Johnson-Thompson Retires {{!}} Environmental Factor |url=https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2008/october/johnsonthompson |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127171339/https://factor.niehs.nih.gov/2008/october/johnsonthompson |archive-date=January 27, 2023 |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=factor.niehs.nih.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sabis na ilimi ==
Johnson-Thompson ta kafa wani tallafin karatu a [[Jami'ar Howard]] wanda ke tallafawa mata masana kimiyya daga ƙungiyoyin da aka ware.  An sanya wa wannan tallafin karatu suna ne bayan Marie Taylor . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A shekarar 1997 Johnson-Thompson ya kafa ''Shirin Kimiyya da Fasaha na Ilimi na Bridging'' a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hillside, inda ya gabatar da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare ga ilimin kimiyyar ƙwayoyin halitta . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==

* 1975 Fitacciyar Budurwa 'Yar Amurka &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Marian Johnson-Thompson, PhD |url=https://www.howard.edu/secretary/trustees/bios/thain.htm |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=[[Howard University]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* An Zaɓe shi a 1998 a matsayin memba na Kwalejin Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka  &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt;
* Kyautar ONI ta 1999 daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Mata Baƙaƙe 
* Kyautar Tsoffin Ɗaliban Thurgood Marshall ta 2003 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dr. Marian Johnson-Thompson |url=http://ummicrogsa.weebly.com/1/post/2020/09/dr-marian-johnson-thompson.html |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=MicroGSA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* An zaɓe shi a shekarar 2004 a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar ci gaban kimiyya ta Amurka &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* An naɗa shi farfesa a fannin ilmin halittu da muhalli a Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia a shekarar 2004 &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marian Johnson-Thompson's Biography |url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/marian-johnson-thompson |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=The HistoryMakers |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* An naɗa shi farfesa mai taimako a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Jami'ar NC-Chapel Hill &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
* Kyautar Alice C. Evans ta Ƙungiyar Nazarin Kwayoyin Halitta ta Amurka ta 2004 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marian Johnson-Thompson wins 2004 Alice C. Evans Award |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2004-04/asfm-mjw043004.php |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=EurekAlert! |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* An zaɓe ni a shekarar 2012 a matsayin memba na kwamitin amintattu a Jami'ar Howard &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* An naɗa shi a shekarar 2018 a matsayin mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Adalci da Daidaito ta Muhalli [[North Carolina|ta North Carolina]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NC DEQ: Secretary's Environmental Justice and Equity Board Members |url=https://deq.nc.gov/outreach-education/environmental-justice/secretarys-environmental-justice-and-equity-board-0#:~:text=The%20scope%20of%20the%20Environmental,development,%20implementation,%20and%20enforcement%20of |access-date=2021-01-04 |website=deq.nc.gov |archive-date=2021-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107170235/https://deq.nc.gov/outreach-education/environmental-justice/secretarys-environmental-justice-and-equity-board-0#:~:text=The%20scope%20of%20the%20Environmental,development,%20implementation,%20and%20enforcement%20of |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai da aka zaɓa ==

* {{Cite journal |last=Johnson-Thompson |first=Marian C. |last2=Guthrie |first2=Janet |date=2000 |title=Ongoing research to identify environmental risk factors in breast carcinoma |url=https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/%28SICI%291097-0142%2820000301%2988%3A5%20%3C1224%3A%3AAID-CNCR8%3E3.0.CO%3B2-H |journal=Cancer |language=en |volume=88 |issue=S5 |pages=1224–1229 |doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(20000301)88:5+&lt;1224::AID-CNCR8&gt;3.0.CO;2-H |issn=1097-0142 |pmid=10705359 |s2cid=35985488 |url-access=subscription}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Newman |first=Lisa A. |last2=Pollock |first2=Raphael E. |last3=Johnson-Thompson |first3=Marian C. |date=2003 |title=Increasing the pool of academically oriented African-American medical and surgical oncologists |url=https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncr.11027 |journal=Cancer |language=en |volume=97 |issue=S1 |pages=329–334 |doi=10.1002/cncr.11027 |issn=1097-0142 |pmid=12491497 |s2cid=21616777 |hdl-access=free}}

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
An haifi Johnson-Thompson ga Rose Mae Henderson Beavers, wacce aka haifa a shekarar 1919 daga [[Galveston, Texas]] . Mahaifiyarta ta halarci Makarantar Katolika ta Holy Rosary da kuma Cocin Katolika na Holy Rosary. Mahaifinta, Edwin Saint Aloyious Johnson, an haife shi a shekarar 1908 a [[Kingston, Jamaica]], ga uwa 'yar Haiti kuma mahaifin Cuba. Daga baya mahaifinta ya yi ƙaura zuwa Amurka, inda ya halarci Jami'ar Columbia kuma ya sami digirin digiri na biyu. Daga baya mahaifinta ya koma Galveston, Texas, inda ya yi aiki a USO kuma ya haɗu da mahaifiyarta, Ms. Henderson Beavers. Daga baya Edwin Johnson ya halarci makarantar likitanci a Kwalejin Boston City. Daga baya ya mallaki nasa asibitin a Clewiston, Florida . 

Johnson-Thompson ta yi makarantar firamare a Clewiston, Florida, inda ta zauna tare da mahaifinta. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a shekarar 1961, ta ci gaba da zama tare da uwar kishiyarta har sai da ta kammala makarantar sakandare a Makarantar Sakandare ta John F. Kennedy. Daga baya ta halarci Jami'ar Howard, inda wani [[Botany|masanin tsirrai]], Marie Clark Taylor, da masanin halittu, John Rear suka ba ta shawara.[14]

Johnson-Thompson ita ce ta kafa ƙungiyar Minority Women in Science, wadda aka kafa a shekarar 1978. Ta shirya tarurrukan ranar gano kimiyya waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don gabatar da ɗaliban tsiraru da mata ga STEM tun suna ƙanana. Ta kuma kafa Shagon Kirsimeti na mata 'yan tsiraru. Wannan shirin ya ba yara damar samun kuɗi wanda za su iya amfani da shi don siyan littattafan kimiyya.  Johnson-Thompson yana da aure da 'ya'ya biyu. 

== Jagoranci ==
Johnson-Thompson ta fahimci mahimmancin jagoranci. A lokacin da take Jami'ar Gundumar Columbia, ta jagoranci kai tsaye ga ɗaliban digiri na farko 14 da na biyu. Ta kuma jagoranci ɗalibai 17 na matakin digiri na uku. A shekara ta 2001, an naɗa ta a matsayin Jagorar Malaman Meyerhoff ta Shekara[15].

Wadanda aka ba ta digirin digirgir sun hada da Ashalla Magee Freeman, wacce yanzu ita ce daraktar harkokin bambancin ra'ayi a Jami'ar North Carolina da ke Chapel Hill, ofishin ilimin digiri na biyu; Kenneth Gibbs, wacce yanzu take manazarci kan shirye-shirye a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Lafiya ta Kasa, Cibiyar Lafiya ta Kasa (NIH); Elena Braithwaite, wacce yanzu take da ilimin guba a [[Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna|FDA]] da ke Rockville, Maryland; Sherilynn Black, wacce yanzu take mataimakiyar farfesa a Makarantar Magunguna ta Jami'ar Duke ; da Pocahontas Jones, wacce take da digirin digirgir a fannin ilmin kwayoyin halitta da garkuwar jiki wanda a yanzu haka take aiki a Kwalejin Halifax Community College [15].

== Haɗa tsiraru a cikin kimiyya ==
A shekarar 1997, Johnson-Thompson ta kafa shirin Bridging Education Science and Technology a Makarantar Sakandare ta Hillside da ke Durham, North Carolina . Shirye-shiryen sun yi amfani da kayan aiki da masana kimiyya daga Cibiyoyin Kimiyyar Lafiyar Muhalli na Ƙasa (NIEHS) don ilmantar da ɗaliban da ke da ƙwarewar ilmin halitta na kwayoyin halitta[13]. A shekarar 1994, ta kuma kafa tallafin karatu na Johnson-Thompson Taylor a Jami'ar Howard don girmama mai ba ta shawara Dr. Marie Taylor, wacce ita ce mace ta farko da ta sami digirin digirgir a Jami'ar Fordham [15].

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <title>Maudelle Bousfield</title>
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'''Maudelle Tanner Bousfield''' (née Brown ; 1 ga Yuni, 1885 - 14 ga Oktoba, 1971) malamar Amurka ce. Bousfield ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka da ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Illinois, kuma shugabar makaranta ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka a cikin gundumar [[Makarantun Jama'a ta Chicago]] .

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==

=== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ===
An haifi Bousfield '''a Maudelle Tanner Brown''' a [[St. Louis|St. Louis, Missouri]] . Iyayenta su ne Charles Hugh Brown da Arrena Isabella Tanner Brown, waɗanda dukkansu malamai ne. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dolinar |first=Brian |date=March 2013 |title=What's in a Name? Two C-U Buildings Named After African American Women |url=http://publici.ucimc.org/2013/03/whats-in-a-name-two-buildings-named-after-african-american-women/ |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=The Public I |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bousfield ta halarci Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Charles Kunkel da ke St. Louis a lokacin ƙuruciyarta. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danns |first=Dionne |date=2009 |title=Thriving in the Midst of Adversity: Educator Maudelle Brown Bousfield's Struggles in Chicago, 1920-1950 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25608714 |journal=The Journal of Negro Education |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |issn=0022-2984 |jstor=25608714}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bousfield ta yi rajista a Jami'ar Illinois a shekarar 1903. Ta kammala karatunta da girmamawa a shekarar 1906, tare da digiri a fannin ilmin taurari da lissafi, inda ta zama mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Illinois. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Schmidt |first=Kim |date=25 February 2019 |title=The courage to be first |url=https://storied.illinois.edu/the-courage-to-be-first/ |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=Storied |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan zamanta a Jami'ar Illinois, Bousfield ta yi kwasa-kwasan a Makarantar Kiɗa ta Chicago Mendelssohn, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Danns |first=Dionne |date=2009 |title=Thriving in the Midst of Adversity: Educator Maudelle Brown Bousfield's Struggles in Chicago, 1920-1950 |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/25608714 |journal=The Journal of Negro Education |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=3–16 |issn=0022-2984 |jstor=25608714}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDanns2009&quot;&gt;Danns, Dionne (2009). [http://www.jstor.org/stable/25608714 &quot;Thriving in the Midst of Adversity: Educator Maudelle Brown Bousfield's Struggles in Chicago, 1920-1950&quot;]. ''The Journal of Negro Education''. '''78''' (1): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;3–&lt;/span&gt;16. [[ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-2984 0022-2984]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/25608714 25608714].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin ilimi a Jami'ar Chicago . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Maudelle Bousfield |url=https://housing.illinois.edu:443/Living-Options/Residence-Halls/Undergraduate-Halls/Bousfield/about-bousfield |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=University Housing |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sana'a ===
[[Fayil:Women's_Policy_Committee_of_the_War_Manpower_Commission._8b07030v.jpg|alt=Three women posed for a photo; two seated, one standing and bent over the other two. The table in front of them is reflective; the middle woman is holding papers.|thumb|Kwamitin Manufofin Mata na Hukumar Ma'aikatan Yaƙi. A taron farko na Kwamitin Manufofin Mata na Hukumar Ma'aikatan Yaƙi a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1942, mambobi uku sun saba. Su ne, hagu zuwa dama: Maudelle Bousfield, Margaret A. Hickey, shugaba; da Sara Southall.]]
Bousfield ta buga piano &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kunz |first=Jessica |date=2019-03-28 |title=Celebrating Women: Maudelle Tanner Brown Bousfield |url=https://www.wcia.com/news/local-news/celebrating-women-maudelle-tanner-brown-bousfield/ |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=WCIA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta koyar da lissafi kafin ta yi murabus na ɗan lokaci a 1914. Bousfield ta koma koyarwa a 1922, daga baya ta ɗauki jarrabawar shugaban makarantar a 1926. Bousfield ta sami maki mafi kyau a jarrabawar kuma aka tura ta shugabancin Makarantar Firamare ta Keith a 1927, ta zama shugabar makaranta ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka a gundumar [[Chicago Public Schools|Makarantun Jama'a ta Chicago]] . A 1939, Bousfield ta zama shugabar makarantar sakandare ta farko 'yar Afirka-Amurka a wannan gundumar, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=October 1939 |title=Mrs. Maudelle Bousfield Appointed Head of Chicago High School |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdAZAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Maudelle++Bousfield&amp;pg=RA1-PA309 |journal=Opportunity |volume=17 |pages=309}}&lt;/ref&gt; bayan an tura ta shugabancin Makarantar Sakandare ta Wendell Phillips wacce galibi 'yar Afirka-Amurka ce a unguwar Bronzeville da ke birnin. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Baya ga zamanta na shugabar makaranta, Bousfield ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Manufofin Mata na Hukumar Kula da Ma'aikatan Yaƙi,  tare da Margaret A. Hickey da Sara Southall a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 1942 |title=Women's Policy Committee of the War Manpower Commission. At the first meeting of the Women's Policy Committee of the War Manpower Commission on October 1, 1942, three members get acquainted. They are, left to right: Maudelle Bousfield, Margaret A. Hickey, chairman; and Sara Southall. The committee was formed to aid in mobilizing women workers for the war effort |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/2017698282/ |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=Library of Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bousfield ya yi ritaya daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Wendell Phillips bayan shekaru goma sha ɗaya a shekarar 1950, tare da shirin yin tafiya: &quot;Zan sami damar ganin wasu wurare masu nisa waɗanda suka sa atlases ya zama abin sha'awa a gare ni.&quot; 

=== Shekarun da suka biyo baya da mutuwa ===
A shekarunta na ƙarshe, Bousfield ta yi tafiya,  ta yi aiki tare da Asusun Kwalejin United Negro, kuma ta koyar a Jami'ar Fisk .  Ta kuma rubuta wani shafi na lambu ga jaridar ''Chicago Defender'' . Bousfield ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙasa da ƙasa ta shida (Babban Basileus) ta Alpha Kappa Alpha, ƙungiyar baƙar fata ta tarihi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bousfield, Maudelle Brown - Sixth International President |url=http://akapioneers.aka1908.com/index.php/component/mtree/vocations/education-1/first-black-women-to-become-principals-in-k-12-schools-2/1512-bousfield-maudelle-brown |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=AKA's Pioneering Sorors Open Doors |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance memba mai rijista na Ƙungiyar Mawakan Negro ta Ƙasa .  Bousfield ta mutu a ranar 14 ga Oktoba, 1971, tana da shekaru 86, a Chicago. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=November 4, 1971 |title=Maudelle B. Bousfield Dies; Pioneer Black Educator |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLEDAAAAMBAJ&amp;q=Maudelle++Bousfield&amp;pg=PA48 |journal=Jet |pages=48}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar mutum da gado ==
Bousfield ta yi aure sau ɗaya kuma tana da 'ya mace. A shekarar 1914, ta auri likita, Midian Othello Bousfield, kuma tare suka haifi 'ya mace, Maudelle (an haife ta a 1915; an haife ta a 2013).  'Yar Bousfield ta auri ɗan kasuwa W. Leonard Evans Jr. Midian Bousfield ya mutu a 1948. Ɗan uwan Bousfield shine mai zane Henry Ossawa Tanner . A shekarar 2013, an sanya wa wani sabon zauren zama a Jami'ar Illinois suna Bousfield Hall, don tunawa da ita. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dolinar |first=Brian |date=March 2013 |title=What's in a Name? Two C-U Buildings Named After African American Women |url=http://publici.ucimc.org/2013/03/whats-in-a-name-two-buildings-named-after-african-american-women/ |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=The Public I |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDolinar2013&quot;&gt;Dolinar, Brian (March 2013). [http://publici.ucimc.org/2013/03/whats-in-a-name-two-buildings-named-after-african-american-women/ &quot;What's in a Name? Two C-U Buildings Named After African American Women&quot;]. ''The Public I''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2020-06-01&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wurth |first=Julie |date=February 10, 2013 |title=New UI residence hall will bear name of university's first African-American alumna, a true pioneer |url=https://www.news-gazette.com/news/new-ui-residence-hall-will-bear-name-of-universitys-first-african-american-alumna-a-true/article_71cf7651-4f47-595d-ba9a-8979e1b17dd5.html |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=The News-Gazette |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hukumar Kula da Gidaje ta Chicago ce ke gudanar da Gidajen Maudelle Brown Bousfield. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maudelle Brown Bousfield Apartments |url=https://www.thecha.org/residents/public-housing/find-public-housing/maudelle-brown-bousfield-apartments |access-date=2020-06-01 |website=The Chicago Housing Authority}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1971]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mary Ellen Henderson</title>
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'''Mary Ellen Henderson''' ( née Meriwether; Satumba 18, 1885 - Fabrairu 4, 1976) ta kasance malamar Afirka-Amurka kuma mai fafutukar [[Ƙungiyar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam|kare haƙƙin jama'a]] a tsakiyar shekarun 1900. Ta shahara sosai saboda aikinta na raba wuraren zama a Cocin Falls, tana aiki don gina ingantattun wurare ga ɗaliban baƙar fata a Cocin Falls, Virginia da kuma fara CCPL ( [[Ƙungiyar Kare Jama'a Masu Launi|Coloured Citizens Protective League]] ),  reshen karkara na farko na NAACP . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-12-22 |title=History |url=https://www.novaparks.com/parks/tinner-hill-historic-park/history |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Nova Parks |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da iyali ==
An haifi Mary Ellen Meriwether a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 1885, ga Mary Louise Robinson Meriwether da James Henry Meriwether. Iyayenta biyu sun yi karatun kwaleji. Mahaifiyarta, Mary Louise, ta kammala karatunta daga Kwalejin Oberlin da ke Ohio, ta ci gaba da koyarwa a makarantar sakandare ta farko ga ɗaliban baƙar fata, waɗanda daga baya aka sani da Makarantar Sakandare ta Paul Laurence Dunbar, a Washington, DC, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a.  Mahaifin Mary Ellen, James, ya kammala karatunsa daga [[Jami'ar Howard]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=1896-01-01 |title=1896: Alumni Catalogue of Howard University with List of Incorporators, Trustees, and Other Employees |url=https://dh.howard.edu/hucatalogs/13 |journal=Howard University Catalogs}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya ya yi aikin lauya a Washington DC kuma ya yi aiki a kwamitin amintattu a Howard har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1906.  'Yar uwarta, Sarah Meriwether Nutter, ita ma malamar makaranta ce, mai fafutuka kuma wacce ta kafa ƙungiyar Alpha Kappa Alpha .

== Aiki da fafutuka ==
Mary Ellen, wacce ɗalibanta ke yi wa laƙabi da &quot;Miss Nellie&quot;, ta fara koyarwa a aji huɗu zuwa bakwai a Makarantar Firamare ta James E. Lee, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Collection |first=Henderson Family |title=Teachers sitting on steps at the James Lee Colored School |url=http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/show/56 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=100yearsblackfallschurch.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; wani gida mai ɗakuna biyu na yara baƙar fata. Ta karɓi aikin ne don hana rufe makarantar saboda rashin malamai masu horo sosai.  Makarantar ba ta da ruwan sha ko ma'aikatan kula da yara, don haka Henderson ya kawo ruwa daga rijiyar maƙwabci kuma ya tsaftace ajin kowace rana. Ginin kuma ba shi da tsarin dumama tsakiya ko wuraren tsafta na cikin gida, albarkatun da makarantar farar fata ke da su. Henderson ya yi fafutukar neman ingantacciyar makaranta ga yaran baƙar fata 'yan Amurka, yana gudanar da bincike kan rashin daidaito tsakanin makarantun baƙar fata da fari a gundumar Fairfax, ''Our Disgrace and Kume: Kayan Makaranta ga Yara 'Yan Negro a gundumar Fairfax.''  &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pellegrino |first=Anthony M. |last2=Mann |first2=Linda J. |last3=Russell |first3=William B. |date=2013 |title=Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience |journal=The History Teacher |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=355–372 |issn=0018-2745 |jstor=43264130}}&lt;/ref&gt; Henderson ya yi la'akari, kuma a cikin 1948, Fairfax ta buɗe sabuwar Makarantar Firamare ta James E. Lee, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=James E Lee School: Browse Items {{!}} 100 Years Black Falls Church |url=http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/browse?tags=James+E.+Lee+School |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=100yearsblackfallschurch.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About the Venue |url=https://www.providenceplayers.org/plan-your-visit/about-the-venue/ |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=Providence Players of Fairfax |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wata makaranta mai ɗakuna shida, tare da ƙarin ɗakin taro, ɗakin karatu, asibiti, da gidan cin abinci. An naɗa Henderson a matsayin shugabar sabuwar makarantar, matsayin da ta riƙe tsawon shekaru talatin. An san ɗaliban da Mary Ellen Henderson ta koyar da su saboda manyan nasarorin da suka samu, kuma sun sami yabo daga malaman makarantar sakandare. Daliban da ta koyar za su zama muhimman membobin al'umma, ko ma malamai da kansu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=Darien |date=2005-02-17 |title=Mary Ellen 'Nellie' Henderson: A Life of Making Differences, Big and Small |url=http://www.fcnp.com/450/henderson.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307194433/http://www.fcnp.com/450/henderson.htm |archive-date=2005-03-07 |access-date=2020-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Henderson da mijinta, EB Henderson, sun kafa Ƙungiyar Kare Jama'a Masu Launi (CCPL), tare da Joseph Tinner, don nuna rashin amincewa da unguwannin da aka raba. A shekarar 1915, an zartar da doka ta hannun fararen fata masu zaɓe a Cocin Falls wanda zai tilasta wa al'ummar Afirka ta Amurka zama a yankinsu na garin; kashi 32% na al'ummar sun zauna a ƙasa da kashi 5% na ƙasar. CCPL ta shigar da ƙarar da ta hana aiwatar da dokar.  Kotun Koli ta soke dokar a shekarar 1917, kuma ta cire ta a hukumance a shekarar 1999. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Oti |first=Donna |date=November–December 2006 |title=Ned and Nell: E.B. and Mary Ellen Henderson Impact a Community and a Nation |journal=Homes of Color |pages=10–14}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ƙarshe, a shekarar 1918, CCPL ta kafa tushen Reshen Hukumar Kare Jama'a ta Fairfax County na NAACP, reshen karkara na farko na NAACP. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=NAACP Collection |first=Manuscript Division |title=E. B. Henderson to Mary W. Ovington |url=http://100yearsblackfallschurch.org/items/show/298 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=100yearsblackfallschurch.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An karrama dukkan 'yan Henderson biyu a shekarar 1960 ta Majalisar Hulɗa da Dan Adam ta Gundumar Fairfax saboda yaƙin da suka yi da nuna wariyar launin fata. Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ta karrama su a shekarar 2006, lokacin da Wakili Jim Moran ya karrama su a cikin kundin tsarin mulki, &quot;Ga kowane mutum da aka san shi da ƙasa, akwai shugaba na gida wanda ke yin abubuwa da yawa a ƙarƙashin inuwar takwarorinsu da aka fi sani. Biyu daga cikin waɗannan mutanen su ne Dr. Edwin da Mrs. Mary Ellen Henderson, majagaba kan kare haƙƙin jama'a daga Arewacin Virginia waɗanda suka yi aiki don adalci na zamantakewa tsawon kusan shekaru 50.&quot;

=== ''Kunya da Kunyarmu: Kayan Aikin Makaranta ga Yara 'Yan Negro a Gundumar Fairfax'' ===
A shekarar 1945, Mary Ellen Henderson ta rubuta wani bincike mai taken, ''Our Disgrace and Shame: School Facilities for Negro Children in Fairfax County,''  &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Pellegrino |first=Anthony M. |last2=Mann |first2=Linda J. |last3=Russell |first3=William B. |date=2013 |title=Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience |journal=The History Teacher |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=355–372 |issn=0018-2745 |jstor=43264130}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPellegrinoMannRussell2013&quot;&gt;Pellegrino, Anthony M.; Mann, Linda J.; Russell, William B. (2013). &quot;Historical Examination of the Segregated School Experience&quot;. ''The History Teacher''. '''46''' (3): &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;355–&lt;/span&gt;372. [[ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2745 0018-2745]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43264130 43264130].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; kan rashin daidaito tsakanin makarantun baƙar fata da fari a Fairfax County don haɓaka rabon ƙarin albarkatu ga makarantarta. Yara a makarantun fararen fata suna hawa motocin bas masu zafi zuwa da dawowa makaranta, yayin da ɗaliban makarantun baƙar fata ke hawa motocin bas marasa zafi, idan suna zaune kusa da inda za su iya ɗaukar bas kwata-kwata (wasu yara suna tafiya na kimanin mil biyar kowace rana). Kasafin kuɗin kowace makaranta a yankin Fairfax a shekarar 1935 shine $340,050. An kashe kashi 97.4% na wannan kuɗin ($330,750) a makarantun fararen fata, yayin da aka kashe kashi 2.6% ($9,000) kawai a makarantun baƙar fata. Akwai irin wannan rashin daidaiton kuɗi a shekarar makaranta ta 1945-46; Kasafin kuɗin jari ga makarantun fararen fata ya kai dala $745,000 kimanin dala miliyan 13 a yau) yayin da kasafin kuɗin makarantun baƙar fata ya kasance kaɗan daga wannan, dala $45,000. Yawancin makarantu masu zaman kansu ba su sami kuɗi don ƙarin makarantu kamar gidajen cin abinci ba. A gefe guda kuma, an ba da kuɗin makarantu biyar na fararen fata daga dala $10,000 zuwa $50,000 don ƙara makarantu. Henderson ya sami damar amfani da bambance-bambancen da aka bayyana a cikin rahoton don shawo kan Hukumar Makarantar Gundumar Fairfax don gina sabon gidan makaranta mai ɗakuna 6 da kuma raba kuɗi daidai gwargwado a nan gaba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Mary Ellen Henderson ta halarci Makarantar Al'ada (wanda yanzu aka sani da Kwalejin Malaman DC ), inda ta haɗu da abokin aikinta na rayuwa, Dr. Edwin Bancroft &quot;EB&quot; Henderson. Daga baya ya zama baƙar fata na farko da ya zama darektan ilimin motsa jiki a tsarin makarantun birni [4] kuma shugaban reshen Virginia na NAACP .

Dukansu sun kammala karatunsu a matakin farko, Mary Ellen a shekarar 1905 da Edwin a shekarar 1904.  Su biyun sun yi aure a ranar Kirsimeti, 1910. Nikki, surukar Henderson, ta ba da labarin: &quot;Shekarar 1910 babbar shekara ce ga Hendersons. Sun yi aure a ranar Kirsimeti a Cocin Presbyterian na 15th Street, inda EB ya yi wa amaryarsa alƙawarin cewa ba zai buga ƙwallon kwando ba bayan sun yi aure. Amarya da ango sun nufi birnin New York don su yi hutun ƙarshen amarcinsu, inda ango ya buga wasan ƙwallon kwando na ƙarshe, inda ya lashe Gasar Kwallon Kwando ta Duniya ta 1910 a daren aurensu!&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Mary Ellen da EB sun ƙaura zuwa Cocin Falls a shekarar 1911 a cikin abin da daga baya aka sanya wa suna &quot; yanki mai fararen fata .&quot; Suna da 'ya'ya biyu tare yayin da suke zaune a Cocin Falls, Edwin Meriwether Henderson a shekarar 1912 da James Henry Meriwether Henderson a shekarar 1917. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rhodes |first=Guy |date=2009-12-10 |title=Dr. J.H.M. Henderson: Beloved leader remembered for dedication to family, community |url=http://www.thetuskegeenews.com/news/dr-j-h-m-henderson-beloved-leader-remembered-for-dedication-to-family-community/article_f0a200a1-cb18-5439-b50c-d675f9337eba.html |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=The Tuskegee News |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A matsayinta na memba na NAACP, Girl Scouts, League of Women Voters, Falls Church Women's Democratic Club, Virginia Education Association, da National Education Association, Henderson ta kasance memba mai himma a cikin al'ummarta. Ta kuma kasance memba na tsawon rai a Cocin Presbyterian na 15th Street, kodayake ta kuma koyar da makarantar Lahadi kuma ta buga organ a Cocin Baptist na Second Baptist da ke Falls Church City .

A shekarar 1965, iyalan Henderson sun ƙaura zuwa Tuskegee, Alabama don su kasance kusa da ɗansu James, wanda shine darektan Gidauniyar Bincike ta Carver ta Jami'ar Tuskegee . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bedell |first=Natalie |date=2009-12-16 |title=James H. M. Henderson Dies at Age 92 |url=https://fcnp.com/2009/12/16/james-h-m-henderson-dies-at-age-92/ |access-date=2020-08-10 |website=Falls Church News-Press Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ko da bayan sun ƙaura, iyalan Henderson sun ziyarci gidansu na lokacin bazara a Highland Beach kusa da Annapolis, Maryland, inda Mary Ellen ta kasance mamba mai himma a harkokin jama'a na gida. 

== Mutuwa da gado ==
A ƙarshen rayuwarta, Mary Ellen Henderson ta koma Cibiyar Kula da Marasa Lafiya ta Wisconsin Avenue, inda ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 1976, tana da shekaru 90. An yi jana'izarta a ranar 7 ga Fabrairu, 1976, a Gidan Jana'izar McGuire. An kona Henderson aka kuma binne shi a filin dangin Meriwether da ke [[Kabari na Woodlawn (Washington, DC)|Makabartar Woodlawn]], a Washington, DC 

Makarantar da ke ɗauke da sunanta: Makarantar Sakandare ta Mary Ellen Henderson da ke Falls Church City, Virginia, tana tunawa da Henderson. An keɓe makarantar a ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2005, cika shekaru 120 da haihuwarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bates |first=Darien |date=2005-09-22 |title=Mary Ellen Henderson Middle School Dedicated on Namesake's 120th Birthday |url=http://fcnp.com/529/nellie.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051129001853/http://fcnp.com/529/nellie.htm |archive-date=2005-11-29 |access-date=2020-06-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1976]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Masallacin Jome</title>
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'''Masallacin Jome''', wanda kuma aka fi sani da '''Masallacin Aradabil Jame' (Jameh)''' kuma a matsayinsa na '''Masallacin Juma'a''', {{Efn|Other variations include: Ardebil Jomeh Mosque, Jome Masjed, Atigh Mosque, Jame (Jome) Mosque of Ardabil,&lt;ref name=ITTO/&gt; and ''Masjid al-Jami''.}} tsohon [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallacin Juma'a]] ne na [[Shi'a|'yan Shi'a]], wanda yanzu yake cikin rusassun gine-gine, wanda ke Ardabil, a lardin Ardabil na [[Iran]]. An gina masallacin a zamanin Seljuk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2011 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Iranian Architectural History |url=http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406043613/http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |archive-date=6 April 2015 |publisher=[[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Jame (Jome) Mosque of Ardabil |url=http://www.masjed.ir/en/article/1443/Jame-Jome-Mosque-of-Ardabil |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=www.masjed.ir/en |archive-date=31 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731100014/http://www.masjed.ir/en/article/1443/Jame-Jome-Mosque-of-Ardabil |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ardabil Jame' (Jomeh) Mosque |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowUserReviews-g680027-d9873193-r348799392-Ardabil_Jame_Jomeh_Mosque-Ardabil_Ardabil_Province.html |access-date=31 July 2019 |website=[[TripAdvisor]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙara tsohon masallacin a cikin [[Iran National Heritage List|Jerin Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iran]] a ranar 18 ga Yuni 1936, wanda [[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|Hukumar Al'adu, Sana'o'i da Yawon Bude Ido ta Iran]] ta gudanar.

== Bayani ==
An gina Masallacin Ardabil Jomeh a zamanin Seljuk a gundumar Pir Shamseddin, ragowar Masallacin yana cikin filin [[Maƙabarta|makabarta]] . An gina [[Hasumiya|minaret ɗin]], wanda ke kusa da masallacin, da tubali, a kan tushe mai siffar octagon kuma yana da silinda. Akwai rubuce-rubuce guda biyu a kan minaret ɗin da ke nuna cewa an gina shi bisa umarnin Ozon Hassan Agh Ghoyonlou kuma an kammala shi a shekara 878   . An adana rubutun a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iran . Tsohon masallacin tubali ya haɗa da kumfa da baka huɗu. Yumbu da sauran abubuwan da aka gano a tsohon wurin masallacin sun kasance daga zamanin Saljuqian. 

== Gidan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:آتشکده_زمان_زرتشتیان.jpg|alt=The minaret, in 2024| Minaret, a shekarar 2024
Fayil:Jome_masjed_450.jpg|alt=Other brick structures near the minaret| Wasu gine-ginen tubali kusa da minaret
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Masallacin Juma'a na Arsanjan''' [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallacin Juma'a]] ne na '[[Shi'a|yan Shi'a]], wanda ke kan titin Saadiya, Arsanjan, a lardin Fars, [[Iran]]. Masallacin ya samo asali ne daga zamanin Safavid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 May 2011 |title=Encyclopaedia of the Iranian Architectural History |url=http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406043613/http://iranshahrpedia.ir/docs/Asar-e%20Sabti%20(Up%20to%2026666)%20(Version%2090%2008%2029).zip |archive-date=6 April 2015 |publisher=Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |script-title=fa:مسجد جامع ارسنجان |url=https://seeiran.ir/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86/ |access-date=10 August 2019 |website=seeiran.ir |language=fa |archive-date=22 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422190454/http://seeiran.ir/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |script-title=fa:مسجد جامع ارسنجان |url=https://hamgardi.com/fa/Place/6794-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=10 August 2019 |website=hamgardi.com |language=fa |archive-date=28 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028050212/http://hamgardi.com/fa/Place/6794-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙara masallacin a cikin [[Iran National Heritage List|Jerin Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iran]] a ranar 23 ga Yuli 2007, wanda [[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|Hukumar Al'adu, Sana'o'i da Yawon Bude Ido ta Iran]] ta gudanar.

== Duba kuma ==

* Musuluncin Shi'a a Iran
* Jerin Masallatai a Iran

== Manazarta ==
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  <page>
    <title>Masallacin Al-Mash'ar al-Haram</title>
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'''Masallacin Al-Mash'ar al-Haram''' yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman wurare na aikin [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]], wanda ke cikin Muzdalifah, [[Hijaz|yammacin]] [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudiyya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=مسجد المشعر الحرام |url=https://saudipedia.com/article/14089/%D8%B4%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85 |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=سعوديبيديا |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton1857&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Richard Francis Burton}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes1885&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Thomas Patrick Hughes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BadawiSardar1978&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Ziauddin Sardar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masallacin ya mamaye fadinsa kimanin {{Convert|5,040|m²|sqft}}  , mai tsawon kusan {{Convert|90|m|ft}} da faɗin {{Convert|56|m|ft}} . Ya haɗa da babban farfajiyar addu'a wadda za ta iya ɗaukar masu ibada sama da 12,000, kuma tana da minarets guda biyu waɗanda tsayinsu ya kai kimanin {{Convert|32|m|ft}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=مشعر مزدلفة |url=https://kidana.com.sa/historicals/muzdalefa/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=كدانة للتنمية والتطوير |language=ar }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Masallaci|Masallacin]] yana tsakiyar Muzdalifah, tsakanin [[Dutsen Arfa|Dutsen Arafat]] da Mina, tare da hanyar da ta haɗa wurare biyu. Yana zama babban wurin taruwa ga mahajjata bayan sun tashi daga Arafat a ƙarshen [[Ranar Arafa|Ranar Arafah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=imtiaz |date=2017-04-04 |title=Masjid al-Mashar al-Haram |url=https://hajjumrahplanner.com/masjid-al-mashar-al-haram/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=Hajj and Umrah Planner |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tarihin masallacin yana da alaƙa da ayyukan [[Annabi|Annabin Musulunci]] [[Muhammad]] a lokacin [[Hajjin bankwana|Aikin Hajjin Ban Kwana]], da kuma umarnin Alƙur'ani na tunawa da Allah a nan lokacin da ake ƙaura daga Arafat zuwa Muzdalifah. An gina masallacin a ƙarni na 3 bayan Hijira a wurin da Muhammadu ya kwana a Muzdalifah, ya yi sallar Asuba, ya kuma tuna da [[Allah]] har zuwa wayewar gari. Tun lokacin da aka fara gina masallacin, an yi faɗaɗa shi da gyara shi da dama a tarihin Musulunci, wanda daga ƙarshe ya kai ga yanayinsa na yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Landmarks |first=Islamic |date=2014-04-24 |title=Masjid Mashar al-Haram |url=https://www.islamiclandmarks.com/makkah-hajj-places/masjid-mashar-al-haram |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=IslamicLandmarks.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muhimmancin masallacin ya samo asali ne daga ambatonsa a cikin [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alqur'ani]] ( [[Al-Bakara|2]] :198) &lt;ref name=&quot;Cite quran|2|198|t=y|s=ns&quot;&gt;{{Cite Quran|2|198}}&lt;/ref&gt; a matsayin {{Interlanguage link|المشعر الحرام|ar|lt=the Sacred Grove}} :

{{Blockquote|text={{lang|ar|لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَن تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِّن رَّبِّكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُم مِّنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ عِندَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ ۖ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِن كُنتُم مِّن قَبْلِهِ لَمِنَ الضَّالِّينَ}}&lt;br&gt;Bãbu laifi a kanku idan kun nẽmi falalar [[Allah a cikin Musulunci|Ubangijinku]]. Sa'an nan idan kun fita Arafat, to, ku ambaci (Allah) a wurin Aljannah Tsararre. Kuma ku ambaci Shi kamar yadda Ya shiryar da ku, kuma lalle ne, kã kasance a gabãninsa, daga ɓatattu.|source=&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton1857&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abu Da'ud and Ashraf, 1984&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hughes1885&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Long1979&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Danarto1989&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones2005&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BadawiSardar1978&quot;/&gt;}}

Wannan wuri ne da Annabi ya yi salla ya kwana a Muzdalifah, wanda hakan ya sanya shi wuri na halitta da ma'ana ga mahajjata bayan sun tsaya a Arafat. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-10-17 |title=Masjid al-Mashar al-Haram: The Sacred Mosque in Makkah al-Haram - Alfalah Journey |url=https://alfalahjourney.com/makkah/ziyarats/masjid-al-mashar-al-haram/ |access-date=2025-11-29 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112072756/https://alfalahjourney.com/makkah/ziyarats/masjid-al-mashar-al-haram/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Masallacin yana aiki a matsayin wurin tunawa da Allah, yin sallar Maghrib da Isha tare, da kuma kwana a Muzdalifah kafin a tafi Mina a safiyar Idi. Kowace shekara, miliyoyin mahajjata suna ziyartar masallacin a matsayin wurin addu'a da ibada mai albarka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=المشعر الحرام .. نزل النبي عند قبلته في حجة الوداع |url=https://makkawi.azurewebsites.net/Article/831/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9 |access-date=2025-11-29 |website=makkawi.azurewebsites.net |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Fayil:Masy'aril_Haram_Mosque_in_Muzdalifah;_January_2015.jpg|alt=The mosque in 2015| Masallacin a shekarar 2015
Fayil:مسجد_المشعر_الحرام.jpg|alt=The mosque in 2018| Masallacin a shekarar 2018
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Mary Hayes Allen</title>
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'''Mary Hayes Allen''' malamar makaranta ce 'yar Amurka. Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwalejin Tauhidi ta Virginia daga 1906 zuwa 1908.

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
An haifi Mary Rice Hayes-Allen a ranar 2 ga Maris, 1875, a Harrisonburg, Virginia. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Montclair Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 15, 1935 |title=Mary Rice Hayes Allen obituary |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48529571/mary-rice-hayes-allen-obit-montclair/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=The Montclair Times |pages=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita 'yar baƙar fata ce ga tsohon [[Bauta a Amurka|bawa]] Malinda Rice kuma tsohon janar na rundunar sojojin ƙasa, John R. Jones . Malama ce, mai gudanarwa, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, a fafutukar daidaiton launin fata da &quot;cikakkiyar 'yanci&quot;. Ta kammala karatunta a Kwalejin Tunawa da Hartshorn . &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;Montclair Local News&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Farrelly |first=Mike |date=January 4, 2020 |title=History and Heritage: Mary Allen, lady in the red hat |url=https://montclairlocal.news/history-and-heritage-mary-allen-montclair-nj/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Montclair Local News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 1895, ta auri malamar makaranta kuma shugaban makarantar koyon addini ta Virginia da kuma kwalejin Gregory W. Hayes . Sun haifi 'ya'ya bakwai, biyar sun tsira daga jarirai. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;Greensboro News and Record&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Lea |date=May 9, 1998 |title=A mother who fought for freedom |url=https://greensboro.com/a-mother-who-fought-for-freedom/article_e31cb1c4-3793-524a-8f33-494edf5213d3.html |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Greensboro News and Record |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gregory W. Hayes shine shugaba na biyu na Kwalejin Tiyoloji da Kwalejin Virginia (wanda yanzu Jami'ar Virginia ta Lynchburg ce ) kuma fitaccen shugaba a cikin al'ummar Baƙar fata Baptist, musamman a birnin Richmond da jihar Virginia. Ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaba daga 1891 har zuwa mutuwarsa a 1906. Mary Rice Hayes, malamar makaranta ce a makarantar. Kullum tana da hannu sosai a cikin aikin mijinta, wanda ya shirya ta ta zama shugabar riƙo ta makarantar nan da nan bayan mutuwar mijinta. Naɗin da aka yi mata ya sanya ta zama shugabar makaranta ta 3, kuma mace 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar wata kwaleji a Amurka. Mary Rice Hayes ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar Kwalejin Tiyoloji da Kwalejin Virginia daga 1906 zuwa 1908 lokacin da James Robert Lincoln Diggs ya karɓi mulki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia Virginia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Rice Hayes |url=https://encyclopediavirginia.org/2845-c0a6c92947982d7/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Encyclopedia Virginia}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Dictionary of Virginia Biography&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=James Robert Lincoln Diggs Biography |url=https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/dvb/bio.php?b=Diggs_James_Robert_Lincoln |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Dictionary of Virginia Biography }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 1911, sunanta ya canza zuwa Mary Rice Hayes-Allen, bayan aurenta da lauya William Patterson Allen, wanda ta haifi 'ya'ya uku da shi. Ma'auratan sun zauna a Montclair, New Jersey a shekarar 1920. Sun kai ƙarar rashin daidaito a tsakanin launin fata a makarantun yankin, inda suka yi faɗa a kan rashin nasara a yaƙin da suke yi na kawar da wariya daga makarantar gwamnati ta Montclair. &lt;ref name=&quot;Montclair Local News&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Farrelly |first=Mike |date=January 4, 2020 |title=History and Heritage: Mary Allen, lady in the red hat |url=https://montclairlocal.news/history-and-heritage-mary-allen-montclair-nj/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Montclair Local News |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFFarrelly2020&quot;&gt;Farrelly, Mike (January 4, 2020). [https://montclairlocal.news/history-and-heritage-mary-allen-montclair-nj/ &quot;History and Heritage: Mary Allen, lady in the red hat&quot;]. ''Montclair Local News''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 24,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Duk da cewa ƙarar da suka shigar ta kafa harsashin ƙarar da za ta biyo bayan nasu wanda ya tilasta wa Hukumar Makarantar Montclair kawar da wariya. Mary ta taimaka wajen kafa wani babi na gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa don Ci Gaban Mutane Masu Launi (NAACP) a Lynchburg, Virginia a shekarar 1913. Daga nan ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimakawa wajen sake kafa babin a shekarar 1918.  Ta kasance mai himma a babin Montclair na ( NAACP ) a shekarun 1920 zuwa 1930. Ta yi aiki a matsayin sakatariya, daga baya kuma ta zama shugabar ta, ofishin da ta riƙe har zuwa lokacin mutuwarta.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Greensboro News and Record&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Lea |date=May 9, 1998 |title=A mother who fought for freedom |url=https://greensboro.com/a-mother-who-fought-for-freedom/article_e31cb1c4-3793-524a-8f33-494edf5213d3.html |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Greensboro News and Record |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFWilliams1998&quot;&gt;Williams, Lea (May 9, 1998). [https://greensboro.com/a-mother-who-fought-for-freedom/article_e31cb1c4-3793-524a-8f33-494edf5213d3.html &quot;A mother who fought for freedom&quot;]. ''Greensboro News and Record''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 24,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Bugu da ƙari, ta yi shekaru 9 tana aiki a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar YWCA ta garin Montclair. Ta mutu a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1935. &lt;ref name=&quot;Montclair Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 15, 1935 |title=Mary Rice Hayes Allen obituary |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48529571/mary-rice-hayes-allen-obit-montclair/ |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=The Montclair Times |pages=2}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48529571/mary-rice-hayes-allen-obit-montclair/ &quot;Mary Rice Hayes Allen obituary&quot;]. ''The Montclair Times''. October 15, 1935. p.&amp;nbsp;2&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;April 24,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; 

Yarta, Carrie Allen McCray, ta rubuta tarihin rayuwar mahaifiyarta mai taken Freedom's Child: The Life of a Confederate General's Black Daughter, wanda Algonquin Books ta buga a shekarar 1998.

A shekarar 2018, Gidauniyar Virginia Capitol ta sanar da cewa sunan Hayes Allen zai kasance a cikin bangon girmamawa na gilashin abin tunawa da mata na Virginia . &lt;ref name=&quot;Virginia Women's Monument Commission&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wall of Honor |url=http://womensmonumentcom.virginia.gov/wallofhonornames.html |access-date=April 24, 2022 |website=Virginia Women's Monument Commission}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Masallacin Jameh na Amol</title>
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'''Masallacin Jāmeh na Amol'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Jameh Mosque of Amol |url=http://www.arthut.co/mosque/item/517-amol-jame-mosque |access-date= |website=ArtHut}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Masallacin Ikilisiya|masallacin Juma'a]] ne [[Shi'a|na 'yan Shi'a]] (Jāmeh), wanda ke cikin Amol, a lardin Mazandaran, [[Iran]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Jame Mosque of Amol |url=http://www.masjed.ir/en/article/1815/Jam-e-Mosque-of-Amol |access-date= |website=Masjed portal |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315151910/https://www.masjed.ir/en/article/1815/Jam-e-Mosque-of-Amol |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Amol attractions |url=http://english.irib.ir/radioculture/iran/tourism/item/146474-amol-attractions-historical-natural |access-date= |website=English.irib}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Mosque of Mazandaran |url=http://www..org/Results.aspx?PageIndex=1&amp;SearchEverything=Populated+Places+in+Amol+County |access-date= |website=Worldjournals}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; kusa da Amol Sassanid Bazaar. Babban gininsa ya samo asali ne tun ƙarni na farko [[Hijira kalanda|bayan hijira]] da kuma lokacin mulkin daular Qajar da kuma gyaran daular Safavid . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Jame Mosque of Amol |url=http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=279 |access-date= |website=Iran Tourist and Touring Organization |archive-date=2017-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220015634/http://www.itto.org/tourismattractions/?sight=279 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

An ƙara masallacin a cikin [[Iran National Heritage List|Jerin Gidajen Tarihi na Ƙasa na Iran]] a ranar 29 ga Janairu 2008, wanda [[Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of Iran|Hukumar Al'adu, Sana'o'i da Yawon Bude Ido ta Iran]] ta gudanar.

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    <title>Masallacin Chukhur Mahalla</title>
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Masallacin Chukhur Mahalla (Azerbaijani: Çuhur məhəllə məscidi, kuma aka sani da Azerbaijan: Shefa Ojagi, lit. 'Wurin Cure'),[1] tsohon masallacin Shi'a Islama ne, yanzu ya zama kango, wanda ke Shusha, a gundumar Karabakh ta Azerbaijan.

Shusha ta kasance ƙarƙashin mamayewar sojojin [[Armeniya]] tun lokacin da aka kama birnin a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1992, har zuwa lokacin da Azerbaijan ta sake kamawa shi a ranar 8 ta Nuwamba, 2020, a lokacin yakin Nagorno-Karabakh na 2020. &lt;ref name=&quot;Karabakh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Shusha State Historical &amp; Architectural Reserve |url=http://karabakhfoundation.org/regions/shusha/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101004182205/http://www.karabakhfoundation.org/regions/shusha |archive-date=4 October 2010 |access-date=19 August 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Masallacin ya kasance a gabashin Shusha, a kan titin N.B. Vazirov a cikin unguwar Chukhur Mahalla, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Шуша – боль моя |url=http://www.anl.az/shusha_ru.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928164344/http://www.anl.az/shusha_ru.html |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=19 August 2010 |language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Chukhur Mahalla mosque |url=http://www.mct.gov.az/?/ru/abide/view/6057/&amp;PHPSESSID=a17fc2dfe96835dd7815d692a5b05067 |access-date=19 August 2010 |website=Ministry of Tourism}}&lt;/ref&gt; ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan unguwanni tara na Shusha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Şuşanın məhəllələri |url=http://bakitebriz.azeriblog.com/2010/05/07/shusha |access-date=19 August 2010 |website= |language=az}}{{Dead link|date=September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Masallacin Chukhur Mahalla na ɗaya daga cikin masallatai goma sha bakwai a Shusha a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Şuşanın tarixi |url=http://www.chanaq-qala.az/shusha_tarix.html |access-date=19 August 2010 |website= |language=az |archive-date=6 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706130733/http://www.chanaq-qala.az/shusha_tarix.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Masallacin yana da [[Hasumiya|minaret]] guda biyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;shefa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Краткая история |url=http://www.azconsulate.spb.ru/index.php?type=page&amp;id=191 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904202117/http://www.azconsulate.spb.ru/index.php?type=page&amp;id=191 |archive-date=4 September 2011 |access-date=19 August 2010 |language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

An kafa Shusha a cikin shekarun 1750, kuma an cika unguwar Chukur har ma kafin a kammala ginin ganuwar gidan sarauta na Shusha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Город муз и ремесел: История Шуши с XVIII века до XX века |url=http://www.anl.az/down/meqale/exo/exo_oktyabr2009/94105.htm |access-date=19 August 2010 |website= |language=az |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722044943/http://www.anl.az/down/meqale/exo/exo_oktyabr2009/94105.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Chukhur Gala da ke kusa ya samar da unguwar da ruwan ma'adinai. Masallacin yana daga cikin abubuwan tunawa masu mahimmanci na Tarihin Tarihi da Gine-gine na Jihar Shusha da aka jera a [[UNESCO]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=ШУША |url=http://www.karabakhmonuments.az/print_preview.php?id=56 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706130806/http://www.karabakhmonuments.az/print_preview.php?id=56 |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=19 August 2010 |website= |language=az}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== See also ==
{{Reflist}}

== Manazarta ==

== Haɗin waje ==
{{Commons category-inline}}

* [http://www.karabakhmonuments.com Abubuwan tunawa na Karabakh]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} </text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mary Thomas (shugaban aiki)</title>
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'''Mary Thomas''', wacce aka fi sani da '''Sarauniya Mary''', (kimanin 1848–1905) tana ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin zanga-zangar &quot;Fireburn&quot; ta 1878, ko kuma bore, a tsibirin St. Croix a cikin Danish West Indies .

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==
Mary Thomas daga Antigua ce kuma ta isa St. Croix a shekarun 1860 don fara aikin gonakin da ke tsibirin. A shekarar 1878 ta zauna a gonar Sprat Hall.  Tana da 'ya'ya uku amma ba ta yi aure ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;vih&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The three rebel queens |url=https://www.virgin-islands-history.org/en/history/fates/the-three-rebel-queens/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kafin boren, an yanke mata hukunci kan sata da kuma cin zarafin 'ya'yanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;vih&quot; /&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=15 June 2019 |title=Mary Thomas' fængselsprotokol |trans-title=Prison journal for Mary Thomas |url=https://www.arbejdermuseet.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/mary-thomas-faengselsprotokol.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=27 June 2020 |website= |publisher=[[The Workers Museum]] |language=da }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Masana tarihi sun nuna cewa hukumomi sun yi amfani da irin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen don ɓata sunan mutanen da ke adawa da su.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Bayan 'yantar da bayin Afirka a yankin Yammacin Indiya na Denmark a shekarar 1848, wata doka ta aiki ta 1849 ta kafa albashi da yanayin aiki ga duk ma'aikatan gonaki kuma ta haramta ciniki don samun mafi kyawun albashi ko yanayin aiki. Wannan ya sa aikin gona bai da kyau, kuma ma'aikata da yawa sun zaɓi barin gonakin da tsibiran don neman mafi kyawun yanayi a wasu wurare. Gwamnati ta mayar da martani ga ƙarancin aiki ta hanyar sa ya yi wa ma'aikata wahala su bar tsibiran, suna neman takaddun lafiya da kuma karɓar kuɗin fasfo. Lokacin da za a yi shawarwari kan albashi a kaka ta 1878, an ƙi buƙatun ma'aikata, kuma an sanya sabbin yanayi masu tsauri don tafiye-tafiye. Wannan ya haifar da abin da ake kira rikicin Fireburn, wanda aka kira mafi girman rikicin ma'aikata a tarihin Denmark, inda aka ƙone gonaki sama da 50.

Saboda rawar da ta taka a matsayin shugaba a lokacin boren, an san Mary Thomas da &quot;Sarauniya Maryamu&quot;. Ma'aikatan sun zaɓi ta da wasu mata biyu, &quot;Sarauniya Agnes&quot; da &quot;Sarauniya Matilda&quot;, a matsayin sarauniya don yin ayyukan ibada da na biki a lokacin boren.  Thomas ya taka rawa a matsayin jagora kuma ya kira kansa &quot;kyaftin&quot; a cikin boren.  Ana zargin cewa, a lokacin boren da Thomas ya yi kira da a yanke wa waɗanda ba sa son shiga ciki kai. &lt;ref name=&quot;vih&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Maria Moreno (mai fafutuka)</title>
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'''Maria Moreno''' (22 ga Oktoba, 1920 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=On the occasion of her mother's birthday ... |url=https://www.facebook.com/AdiosAmorFilm/posts/1874073359347967?__xts__[0]=68.ARBMWVr0PbrDE6KTGZFZSSEGrdTqr-nVMXxGV6xvs7mSlSuAyclMqJTzvGNuV2AIkX7VZQn-eFYlFKeWotE-I2UxEwb0mo_YzLkQ2uj9T_-b-upJtpROpPZZdnN5YvQ_boxAZlVAlFrcLOaGwDYb2bVHBChAH8z-61Se8k3zr-qStaOKk-23zOXY0d5L6HpTKb0PrJJxBDMk7vNLd7QCxxvgWHY&amp;__tn__=-R |website=[[Facebook]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; – 9 ga Yuli, 1989)  ma'aikaciyar gona ce ' yar Amurka kuma mai shirya kwadago . Ita ce mace ta farko da aka ɗauka aiki a gona don zama wakiliyar ƙungiyar kwadago .

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Moreno Maria Martinez Torres a birnin Karnes, Texas, ga ma'aikatan ƙaura. Mahaifinta, Vicente Martinez, maraya ne na juyin juya halin Mexico . Mahaifiyarta, Leonarda Torres, Mescalero Apache ce. Maria ta auri Luis Moreno tana da shekaru 15. Sun shiga ƙaura zuwa California a shekarar 1940. Maria da Luis daga ƙarshe sun haifi 'ya'ya 12: Lillian, Abel, Elida, Elvira, Martha, Joe, Elizabeth, Tito, Yolanda, Eva, Olivia, da Alex. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=PRESSKIT Adios Amor |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5a6814d64c326da384fc025f/t/5b049e4c1ae6cf2b2597cf16/1527029409781/PRESSKIT+Adios+Amor.pdf }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Fafutukar Moreno ta fara ne a shekarar 1958, bayan ambaliyar ruwa ta lalata amfanin gona ta kuma dakatar da aikin gona. An hana ma'aikatan gona tallafin abinci, kuma iyalanta sun kusa yin yunwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Unsung History Makers – Maria Moreno |url=https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/illpb18-il-ilunsung/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1959, an dauke ta aiki a matsayin mai shiryawa ga Kwamitin Shirya Ma'aikatan Noma (AWOC), inda ta zama mace ta farko da aka dauka aiki a Amurka a matsayin mai shirya kungiyar kwadago. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Henry Anderson Chapter 14 |url=http://continuum-hypothesis.com/henry/henry_14.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Disamba na 1961, AFL-CIO ta dakatar da tallafin AWOC. An zaɓi Moreno don ya yi shari'ar AWOC a taron ƙasa na AFL-CIO a Miami Beach, Florida. AWOC ƙaramin ƙungiya ce har ta ba da wakili ɗaya kawai a hukumance, Maria Moreno. Wakilinta na madadin shi ne Neil Scott, wani ma'aikacin gona na Okie. Tare da rakiyar sauran membobin AWOC Otto Johnson da Violet Rotan, sun tuka mota a faɗin ƙasar don halartar taron, inda jawabin Maria mai cike da sha'awa ya shawo kan ƙungiyar ta dawo da kuɗin. [1]

Wannan muhimmin lokaci ne a tarihin ma'aikata na California, domin ƙungiyar ta kasance ba ta da wani tasiri, inda rassan AWOC na Filipino waɗanda Larry Itliong ke jagoranta suka fi ƙarfin faɗa. Duk da cewa yajin aikin inabi na 1965 galibi ana danganta shi da ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gona ta ƙasa ta Cesar Chavez da [[Dolores Huerta]], [https://www.delanomanongs.com/about membobin AWOC na Filipino]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ne suka fara shi, waɗanda daga baya NFWA ta haɗa su. Ƙungiyoyin biyu sun haɗu a shekarar 1966, suna haɗin gwiwa da AFL-CIO na ƙasa.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1989]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1920]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Melissa Donnelly</title>
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'''Melissa Donnelly''' ita ce Sakatariyar Ƙasa ta Ƙungiyar Al'umma da Sashen Jama'a (CPSU), ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Australiya wadda ke da ma'aikata sama da 198,000 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Australian Public Service Commission |date=30 June 2025 |title=The Australian Public Service Employment Database |url=https://www.apsc.gov.au/employment-data/aps-employment-data-30-june-2025 |access-date=16 November 2025 |website=APS Employment Data 30 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Commonwealth, da kuma waɗanda ke cikin Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta Yankin Arewa da kuma Hukumar Kula da Jama'a ta ACT . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CPSU Media centre |url=https://www.cpsu.org.au/CPSU/Content/Info_pages/media_centre.aspx |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=www.cpsu.org.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=The National |date=2019-10-10 |title=New CPSU National Secretary appointed |url=https://www.nationaltribune.com.au/new-cpsu-national-secretary-appointed/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=The National Tribune |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; ita ce sakatariyar ƙasa mafi ƙaranci a CPSU, haka kuma mace ta uku kuma uwa mai aiki ta farko da ta riƙe wannan muƙami. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Director |first=Institute |last2=giwl@anu.edu.au |date=2021-06-04 |title=Melissa Donnelly |url=https://giwl.anu.edu.au/people/melissa-donnelly |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Global Institute for Women's Leadership |language=en-AU }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Donnelly kuma memba ce a Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Ƙasa ta Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Australiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Executive |url=https://www.alp.org.au/about/national-executive/ |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.alp.org.au |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:Melissa_Donnelly-1.webp|alt=Melissa Donnelly speaking at a CPSU Governing Council Meeting|thumb|299x299px|Sakatariyar Ƙasa ta CPSU Melissa Donnelly tana magana a taron Majalisar Gudanarwa ta CPSU]]
An fara ɗaukaka Donnelly zuwa wannan matsayi, bayan zamansa a ƙungiyar lauyoyi da hulɗa da masana'antu ta ƙungiyar da kuma Kwamitin Zartarwa, lokacin da tsohuwar Sakatariyar Ƙasa Nadine Flood ta yi murabus saboda dalilai na lafiya a shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Easton |first=Stephen |date=2019-10-10 |title=Melissa Donnelly appointed acting Community and Public Sector Union national secretary |url=https://www.themandarin.com.au/117746-melissa-donnelly-appointed-community-and-public-sector-union-national-secretary-for-at-least-a-year/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=The Mandarin |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-13 |title='Expect us to be a champion': CPSU appoints youngest ever national secretary |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6434746/expect-us-to-be-a-champion-cpsu-appoints-youngest-ever-national-secretary/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt; An sake zaɓen Donnelly a wannan matsayi kwanan nan a watan Disamba na 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=CPSU 'voted for unity' with national president chosen |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/8458913/melissa-donnelly-re-elected-as-national-secretary-of-cpsu/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=The Canberra Times |language=en-AU}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Donnelly na ƙungiyar, membobinta sun ragu da fiye da kashi 9% tsakanin 2019 da 2022. Tsakanin 2022 da 2024, adadin ma'aikatan ma'aikatan gwamnati na Australiya ya ƙaru da fiye da kashi 16%, wanda ya haifar da ƙaruwar adadin membobin CPSU da kusan kashi 1% a 2024 fiye da lokacin da Donnelly ya hau kan mulki. Duk da haka, yawan CPSU yana ci gaba da raguwa, daidai da yanayin da ake ciki a cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Australiya tun daga shekarun 1980 [1] .
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Membobin CPSU (PSU Group) da lambobin ma'aikatan APS tsakanin 2013 da 2025.
! Kwanan wata
! Kasancewar memba na CSPU (PSU)
! [https://www.apsc.gov.au/employment-data/aps-employment-data-30-june-2025 Lambobin ma'aikatan APS]
! Kimanin yawan haɗin APS (%) &lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
| 30 Yuni 2013
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2013-147.pdf 54,379]
| 166,149
| 32.7
|-
| 30 Yuni 2014
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2014-89.pdf 54,725]
| 157,943
| 34.6
|-
| 30 Yuni 2015
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2015-290.pdf 55,188]
| 152,242
| 36.3
|-
| 30 Yuni 2016
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2016-205.pdf 53,089]
| 155,607
| 34.1
|-
| 30 Yuni 2017
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2018-150.pdf 50,193]
| 151,948
| 33.0
|-
| 30 Yuni 2018
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2018-150.pdf 46,778]
| 150,258
| 31.1
|-
| 30 Yuni 2019
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090vpsu-fr2019-135.pdf 44,579]
| 146,758
| 30.4
|-
| 30 Yuni 2020
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/migration/364/090v-fr2020-129.pdf 44,500]
| 150,363
| 29.6
|-
| 30 Yuni 2021
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-12/090v-fr2021-128.pdf 43,039]
| 153,571
| 28.0
|-
| 30 Yuni 2022
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-01/090v-psu-fr2022-85.pdf 40,654]
| 159,179
| 25.5
|-
| 30 Yuni 2023
| Ba a sami bayanai ba
| 170,086
|
|-
| 30 Yuni 2024
| [https://regorgs.fwc.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-01/090v-fr2024-82_redacted.pdf 44,864]
| 184,858
| 24.3
|-
| 30 Yuni 2025
| Ba a buga ba tukuna
| 198,529
|
|}
&lt;small&gt;(*) Lura cewa Ƙungiyar PSU tana rufe wasu ma'aikata a wajen APS (misali, Ƙungiyar Binciken Kimiyya da Masana'antu ta Commonwealth, ayyukan gwamnati na yankuna da kasuwancin gwamnati masu zaman kansu), don haka yawan membobin ƙungiyar APS zai ɗan yi ƙasa da yadda aka nuna a shafi na ƙarshe na teburin.&lt;/small&gt;

Bayan annobar COVID-19, Donnelly ne ya ɗauki nauyin jagorantar wata yarjejeniya &quot;mai ƙarfi&quot; tsakanin aiki daga gida da Hukumar Sashen Jama'a ta Ostiraliya a shekarar 2023 wadda ta ba wa ma'aikatan gwamnati damar neman tsarin sassaucin aiki daga gida ba tare da iyaka ba.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-11 |title=Public sector agrees to uncapped WFH days |url=https://www.afr.com/work-and-careers/workplace/public-sector-agrees-to-uncapped-wfh-days-20230711-p5dnfv |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Australian Financial Review |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |date=2023-04-09 |title=The WFH deal that challenges the future of office culture |url=https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/working-from-home-the-new-frontier-in-employee-rights-20230223-p5cmvm.html |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Mary Macarthur</title>
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'''Mary Reid Anderson''' (née '''Macarthur''' ; 13 ga Agusta 1880 - 1 ga Janairu 1921) 'yar Scotland ce mai ra'ayin mazan jiya (kodayake tana da sabani da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa waɗanda ke son barin tsirarun mata su sami ikon mallakar ƙasa) &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Macarthur |url=https://spartacus-educational.com/TUmacarthur.htm |access-date=2 December 2020 |website=Spartacus Educational}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Macarthur, Mary Reid (1880–1921) {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/macarthur-mary-reid-1880-1921 |access-date=2020-12-02 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma babbar mai ra'ayin ƙungiyoyin kwadago ce. Ita ce babbar sakatariyar ƙungiyar mata ta ƙungiyoyin kwadago kuma ta shiga cikin kafa ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta ƙasa da ƙungiyar hana gumi ta ƙasa . 

A shekarar 1910, Macarthur ya jagoranci mata masu kera sarkar Cradley Heath zuwa ga nasara a fafutukar da suke yi na samun mafi ƙarancin albashi kuma ya jagoranci yajin aiki don tilasta wa ma'aikata aiwatar da ƙarin albashi. 

A kusan shekarar 1901, Macarthur ta zama ƙwararriyar ƙungiyar kwadago bayan ta ji jawabin da John Turner ya yi game da yadda ake wulaƙanta wasu ma'aikata daga ma'aikatansu. Ta zama sakatariya a reshen Ayr na Ƙungiyar Mataimakan Shago, kuma sha'awarta ga wannan ƙungiyar ta haifar da aikinta na inganta yanayin aikin mata. A shekarar 1902 Mary ta zama abokiya da [[Margaret Bondfield]] wadda ta ƙarfafa ta ta halarci taron ƙasa na ƙungiyar inda Macarthur ta zama mace ta farko &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Awcock |first=Hannah |date=2017-04-06 |title=Turbulent Londoners: Mary Macarthur, 1880-1921 |url=https://turbulentlondon.com/2017/04/06/turbulent-londoners-mary-macarthur-1880-1921/ |access-date=2020-03-03 |website=Turbulent London |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; da aka zaɓa a matsayin shugabar ƙungiyar. &lt;ref name=&quot;electricscotland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Women in History of Scots Descent - Mary MacArthur |url=https://www.electricscotland.com/history/women/wih28.htm |website=www.electricscotland.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rayuwar iyali ==
An haifi Macarthur a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1880 a [[Glasgow]], babban 'ya'ya shida ga John Duncan Macarthur, mai kamfanin zane-zane, da matarsa, Anne Elizabeth Martin.  Ta halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta 'Yan Mata ta Glasgow, kuma, bayan ta gyara mujallar makarantar, ta yanke shawarar cewa tana son zama marubuciya ta cikakken lokaci. Bayan karatunta a Glasgow, ta shafe lokaci tana karatu a Jamus kafin ta koma Scotland don yin aiki ga mahaifinta a matsayin mai kula da littattafai. &lt;ref name=&quot;ODNB&quot; /&gt;

Bayan ta fara siyasa, Mary ta haɗu kuma daga ƙarshe ta auri William Crawford Anderson, shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na Jam'iyyar Labour mai zaman kanta, a shekarar 1911, shekaru goma bayan da ya fara neman aure. Ɗansu na fari ya mutu a lokacin haihuwa a shekarar 1913, kuma an haifi 'yarsa Anne Elizabeth a shekarar 1915.

== fafutukar ƙungiyar ƙwadago da goyon bayan zaɓen gama gari ==
[[Fayil:Mary-Macarthur-1908-Trafalgar-Square.jpg|thumb|400x400px|Macarthur ya yi jawabi a wani taron jama'a a Trafalgar Square, London, a lokacin yajin aikin masu yin akwatin Corruganza, a shekarar 1908]]
A shekara ta 1903, Macarthur ta ƙaura zuwa Landan inda ta zama Sakatariyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Mata . Tana fafutukar neman ƙuri'a, ta yi adawa da waɗanda ke cikin NUWSS da WSPU waɗanda suka yarda su amince da ikon mallakar 'yancin ga wasu ƙungiyoyin mata kawai. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Macarthur ta yi imanin cewa ikon mallakar 'yancin zai ɓata wa ajin ma'aikata rai kuma tana jin tsoron cewa zai iya yin aiki a kan ba da cikakken 'yancin zaɓe na manya, kuma wannan ra'ayin bai sa ta yi maraba da ƙungiyoyin zaɓe masu girma ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Shugabannin matsakaicin aji na ƙungiyar Votes for Women sun soki ra'ayin Macarthur waɗanda suka yi tunanin cewa ikon mallakar wani ɓangare zai fi samun nasara kuma hakan zai sauƙaƙa samun cikakken 'yancin zaɓe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Macarthur |url=https://www.saltiresociety.org.uk/awards/outstanding-women/outstanding-women-of-scotland-community/2015-celebration/mary-macarthur/ |access-date=2020-12-20 |website=www.saltiresociety.org.uk |archive-date=2021-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120003209/https://www.saltiresociety.org.uk/awards/outstanding-women/outstanding-women-of-scotland-community/2015-celebration/mary-macarthur/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwadago ta Mata ta haɗa ƙungiyoyin mata kawai daga sana'o'i daban-daban, ciki har da membobin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Manufofin masu fafutuka da ke da alaƙa da azuzuwan da ƙungiyoyi daban-daban sun hana ƙungiyar shiga Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwadago. &lt;ref name=&quot;tonycliff&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tony Cliff: Class Struggle and Women's Liberation (7. Women's movements in England) |url=http://www.marxists.de/gender/cliff/07-england.htm |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.marxists.de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Domin magance wannan rikici, Macarthur ya kafa Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Mata ta Ƙasa a shekarar 1906. Tsarin Ƙungiyar shine ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta gabaɗaya, &quot;a buɗe take ga duk mata a cikin sana'o'in da ba su da tsari ko kuma waɗanda ba a shigar da su cikin ƙungiyar ma'aikata da ta dace ba.&quot; [1] Wannan ƙungiyar ta kasance kafin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa (wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1921) kuma tana ƙarƙashin jagorancin mata da kuma waɗanda suka jagorance ta. [2]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Marlies Deneke</title>
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'''Marlies Deneke''' (an haife shi '''Marlies Kilian''' : 23 Disamba 1953) 'yar siyasar Jamus ce ( SED / PDS ). &lt;ref name=&quot;MDinwww&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Helmut Müller-Enbergs |author-link=Helmut Müller-Enbergs |title=Deneke, Marlies * 23.12.1953 PDS-Politikerin |url=http://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/wer-war-wer-in-der-ddr-%2363%3B-1424.html?ID=553 |access-date=25 April 2016 |website=Wer war wer in der DDR? |publisher=Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin &amp; Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta zauna a matsayin 'yar majalisar &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwEw&quot;&gt;dokokin&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Jamus ta Gabas (Volkskammer) tsakanin Maris da Oktoba 1990, sannan kuma bayan sake hadewar [[:de:Liste der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages (11. Wahlperiode)|Bundestag]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;MDinwww&quot;/&gt; A cikin watannin ƙarshe na Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Jamus da kuma bayan haka, ta kasance memba a cikin ƙungiyar shugabannin jam'iyya da ke ƙoƙarin canza Jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Jama'a ( &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwHQ&quot;&gt;Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; / SED) daga matsayin rinjaye a cikin ƙasar jam'iyya ɗaya ta Gabashin Jamus zuwa sabuwar rawar da ta taka a matsayin Jam'iyyar Gurguzu ta Dimokuraɗiyya ( &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwIA&quot;&gt;Partei des Demokratischen Sozialismus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; / PDS), wata ƙungiya ta hagu da ke aiki a cikin mahallin jam'iyyu da yawa na sabuwar haɗin kan Jamus . &lt;ref name=&quot;MDlautLuxStift&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Christine Gohsmann (compiler) |last2=Jochen Weichold (compiler) |date=2013 |title=Bestand: Parteivorstand der PDS - Die Ära Gysi (1989 bis 1993) |url=https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/ADS/Findbuch_14.pdf |access-date=25 April 2016 |website=Archiv Demokratischer Sozialismus |publisher=Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung. Gesellschaftsanalyse und Politische Bildung e.V., Berlin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Marlies Kilian a cikin iyali mai aiki a Magdeburg . Ta yi makarantar sakandare tsakanin 1960 da 1970, kamar yawancin mutanen zamaninta, ta zama memba, a 1967, na ƙungiyar Free German Youth ( Frie Deutsche Jugend / FDJ), wadda a zahiri ita ce ƙungiyar matasa ta SED mai mulki . [1] Ta shiga ƙungiyar ƙwadago ( Frieier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund / FDGB) a 1970, inda ta yi koyon sana'o'in kasuwanci tsakanin 1970 da 1972. [1] Daga nan ta sami aiki a gida tare da ƙungiyar ƙwadago ta Gabas ( Handelsorganisation ) wadda ta damu da samar da abubuwan yau da kullum a Magdeburg. An ɗaukaka ta zuwa matsayin &quot;Mataimakiyar Daraktan Ayyuka&quot; ( &quot;stellvertretende Betriebsdirektorin&quot; ) a 1977. [1] A 1979, ta zama memba na SED mai mulki . [1]

A shekarar 1980, ta fara karatun digiri na farko a fannin koyon nesa tare da Kwalejin Tattalin Arziki ta Dresden, wanda ya kai ta ga samun digiri a fannin tattalin arziki a shekarar 1985. &lt;ref name=&quot;MDinwww&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MDinwww&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;JSabPanSED&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sabine Pannen |title=&quot;Wo ein Genosse ist, da ist die Partei!&quot;? - Stabilität und Erosion an der SED-Parteibasis |url=http://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/uploads/pdf-2010/pannen.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101910/http://www.bundesstiftung-aufarbeitung.de/uploads/pdf-2010/pannen.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=25 April 2016 |publisher=Bundesstiftung zur Aufarbeitung der SED-Diktatur, Berlin}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar shugabannin Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin ...

A ranar 9 ga Disamba 1989, an zaɓi Marlies Deneke a kwamitin zartarwa da kuma shugaban sabuwar jam'iyyar gurguzu ta Democrat . &lt;ref name=&quot;MDlautMunz&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marlies Deneke dt. Ökonomin; stellv. PDS-Vorsitzende (1990-) |url=http://195.226.116.144/search/portrait/Marlies+Deneke/0/19899.html |access-date=25 April 2016 |website=Partial paywall restriction applies |publisher=Munzinger-Archiv GmbH, Ravensburg }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsakanin Janairu da Maris 1990, ta shiga cikin taron tattaunawa [[:de:Runder Tisch#Zentraler_Runder_Tisch_in_der_DDR_1989/1990|na Round Table]] a Berlin. A watan Yuni 1990, an zaɓi Deneke da André Brie a matsayin mataimakan shugabanni na PDS. &lt;ref name=&quot;ND25Ap2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 August 1990 |title=Die Frage der Gleichstellung läßt sich nicht vertagen |url=https://www.nd-archiv.de/ausgabe/1990-08-27 |access-date=25 April 2016 |website=[[Neues Deutschland]] |page=6}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Zaɓen gama gari na farko (kuma, kamar yadda al'amura suka bayyana, na ƙarshe) wanda aka tsara ta hanyar dimokuraɗiyya a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyya ta Jamus ya faru ne a ranar 18 ga Maris 1990. PDS ta lashe kujeru 66 kacal daga cikin kujeru 400 a cikin sabon &quot;Volkskammer&quot;, amma duk da haka sunan Deneke ya yi yawa a cikin jerin jam'iyyun don tabbatar da kasancewarta. &lt;ref name=&quot;PDS1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gabriele Giwan (compiler) |last2=Christine Gohsmann (compiler) |last3=Uwe Michel (compiler) |last4=Jochen Weichold (compiler) |last5=Gisa Franke (compiler) |date=2003 |title=Die PDS in der 10. Volkskammer der DDR – Strukturen und Aktivitäten - Bestand: PDS-Fraktion in der Volkskammer der DDR (März bis Oktober 1990) |url=http://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/ADS/Findbuch_01.pdf |access-date=25 April 2016 |website=Archiv Demokratischer Sozialismus |publisher=Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung. Gesellschaftsanalyse und Politische Bildung e.V., Berlin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ma tana ɗaya daga cikin membobin PDS 24 waɗanda suka koma [[:de:Liste der Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages (11. Wahlperiode)|sabuwar Bundestag a watan Oktoba 1990]] bisa ga sharuɗɗan yarjejeniyar haɗin kai da aka kammala a watan da ya gabata. Duk da haka, ba ta sake zama memba ba bayan zaɓen a watan Disamba 1990. An sake zaɓenta a matsayin mataimakiyar shugaban jam'iyyar PDS a watan Janairu 1991  ta riƙe matsayin da kuma babban matsayin jam'iyya har zuwa Disamba 1991. &lt;ref name=&quot;spiegel221991&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=27 May 1991 |title=PDS: Grüße nach Peking .... Die wachsende Unzufriedenheit in der Ex-DDR vermag das Siechtum der PDS nicht aufzuhalten. In der sozialistischen Schrumpfpartei blüht SED-Nostalgie. |url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13489835.html |access-date=25 April 2016 |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]] (online)}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Marlies Deneke ta ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan tallafi ga ƙungiyar PDS a Bundestag na ɗan lokaci, amma ta yi murabus daga jam'iyyar a shekarar 2002. &lt;ref name=&quot;MDinwww&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1953]]</text>
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    <title>Minna Faßhauer</title>
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'''Minna Faßhauer''' (an haife shi '''Minna Nikolai''' ; 10{{Spaces}}Oktoba 1875{{Spaced en dash}} 28{{Spaces}}Yuli 1949) ta kasance mai fafutukar siyasa da mata a ɓangaren hagu . Kafin [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya,]] ta yi fafutukar tabbatar da daidaito tsakanin jinsi a ciki da wajen Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party mai tasowa cikin sauri, wadda ta yi nasarar zama memba a cikinta a 1903. A lokacin yaƙin, ta kasance mai himma a cikin ƙungiyar Spartacus League mai adawa da yaƙi. A cikin yanayin juyin juya hali na 1918/19, ta yi aiki a matsayin Volkskommissarin für Volksbildung ( ''&quot;Commissar People's for People's Education&quot;'' ) a {{Interlanguage link|Socialist Republic of Braunschweig|de|Novemberrevolution in Braunschweig}} tsakanin Nuwamba 1918 da Fabrairu 1919, wanda ya sa masu sha'awar suka gane ta a matsayin mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin minista a gwamnatin yankin Jamus. {{Efn|Although the description of Minna Faßhauer as Germany's first female to serve as a government minister is no longer as contentious as it once was, it is nevertheless open to the objection the short-lived Socialist Republic of Braunschweig was &quot;not a real German state&quot;.&lt;ref name=UmMFlautHJ&gt;{{cite web|date=March 2016|url=http://www.dkp-niedersachsen.de/system/funktionen/html2pdf/dkp_pdf.php?modus=pdf&amp;med=501&amp;ausgabe=89&amp;pfadx=1&amp;dat_id=284|title=Minna Fasshauer - eine Frau in der Novemberrevolution 1918 |work=Erste Ministerin in Deutschland .... Minna Fasshauer gehört ohne Zweifel zu den herausragenden Persönlichkeiten der Stadt und des Landes Braunschweig. |author=Heide Janicki |publisher=Mitteilungen der Deutschen Kommunistischen Partei (Bezirk Niedersachse), Hannover |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315150106/http://www.dkp-niedersachsen.de/system/funktionen/html2pdf/dkp_pdf.php?modus=pdf&amp;med=501&amp;ausgabe=89&amp;pfadx=1&amp;dat_id=284|accessdate=13 August 2021|archive-date = 2016-03-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} &lt;ref name=&quot;MFlautGB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Biegel |first=Gerd |last2=Heilkenbrinker |first2=Theresa |date=2013 |title=Minna Faßhauer (1875 – 1949) |url=https://ratsinfo.braunschweig.de/index.php?site=fulltext&amp;action=anlagen&amp;type=docx&amp;id=11424&amp;idx=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622133721/https://ratsinfo.braunschweig.de/index.php?site=fulltext&amp;action=anlagen&amp;type=docx&amp;id=11424&amp;idx=0 |archive-date=2015-06-22 |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Biographische Dokumentation zu einem aktuellen Diskurs |publisher=Institut für Braunschweigische Regionalgeschichte an der TU Braunschweig}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Fiye da ƙarni guda bayan ta yi aiki a matsayin Kwamishinan Ilimi na Jama'a, har yanzu tana raba ra'ayin siyasa. A watan Fabrairun 2012, ƙungiyar 'yan hagu a majalisar birnin Braunschweig ta gabatar da wata shawara cewa ya kamata a girmama Faßhauer, wataƙila ta hanyar sanya mata suna a matsayin titi don girmama ta. Amma ƙungiyar CDU mai matsakaicin ra'ayi a majalisar ta yi adawa da cewa za a iya fassara wannan a matsayin gabatar da Faßhauer a matsayin abin koyi ga matasa. Duk da haka, wannan hujja ta ci gaba, wanda ya samo asali ne daga rashin amincewa kan yanayi da girman shigar Faßhauer cikin jerin hare-haren ta'addanci da suka shafi siyasa, wanda aka kama ta sau da yawa tsakanin 1920 da 1924. A wani lokaci aƙalla an yanke mata hukunci kuma aka yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin watanni huɗu a gidan yari (wanda ba ta taɓa yi ba, saboda afuwa mai faɗi). &lt;ref name=&quot;MFlautGB&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2018, an shawo kan shugabannin birnin Braunschweig da su amince da nadin &quot;Frauenort Minna Faßhauer&quot; ( ''wanda a zahiri &quot;Women Place Minna Faßhauer&quot;'' ), wanda aka gabatar a madadin Kwamitin Mata na reshen yanki na DGB ( &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwJw&quot;&gt;&quot;Jamus Union Union Confederation&quot;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ) . Nadin yana tare da wani gagarumin aikin ilimi da bayanai da ake ci gaba da yi. Yaƙin neman amincewa da nasarorin siyasa na Faßhauer a garinta ya yi tasiri sosai wajen tallata nasarorin da ta samu, amma babu wani dalili da zai sa a yi imani da cewa ba ta da ce-ce-ku-ce a cikin wannan tsari.  &lt;ref name=&quot;UmMFlautRLS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 2019 |title=Minna Faßhauer: Frieden, Freiheit, Brot! - Heute noch aktuell? |url=https://nds.rosalux.de/fileadmin/ls_ni/dokumente/Flyer/2019-04-25_Gesichter_BS_Minna_Flyer_Ansicht.pdf |access-date=1 November 2021 |website=Diskussion/Vortrag/Program |publisher=DGB Region SüdOstNiedersachsen, Braunschweig &amp; Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung Niedersachsen e. V., Hannover}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin Rayuwa ==

=== Tsarin kula da yara ===
An haifi Minna Nikolai a cikin iyali mai aiki a {{Interlanguage link|Egeln-Nord|de}} (kamar yadda aka san Egeln-Nord kafin 1950), ƙauye a cikin ƙauyen da ke kudu da [[Magdeburg]] . Theodor Nikolai, mahaifinta, ya mutu a 1878 lokacin tana da shekaru 3 kacal. Tsakanin 1881 da kimanin 1889 ta halarci makarantar gida a ƙauyen, tana haɗa halartar makaranta da aikin yau da kullun don tallafawa kasafin kuɗin gidan mahaifiyarta. Ta girma a cikin yanayin wahalar tattalin arziki, ta bar makaranta don yin aiki a &quot;aikin gida&quot;. Daga baya za ta danganta fafutukar siyasa da wahalar tattalin arziki da rashin daidaito da ya nuna ƙuruciyarta. Ta san cewa &quot;[a wancan lokacin] mata ba su da daidaito a siyasance&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;MFlautGB&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MNlautDGB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=Minna Faßhauer – eine kurze Biografie |url=https://erstermaibraunschweig.de/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Magazin-der-Gewerkschaften-Braunschweig.pdf |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Frauen |publisher=DGB Region SüdOstNiedersachsen (&quot;Magazin der DGB&quot;), Braunschweig |pages=41–42}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shiga siyasa ta farko ===
Aikin masana'antu ya fi samun albashi mai tsoka, a shekarun ƙarshe na ƙarni na sha tara, fiye da duk wani aikin da ake da shi a ƙauye na Jamus, kuma sakamakon haka, ma'aikata da yawa na karkara sun ja hankalin zuwa biranen. Nikolai tana da shekaru 18 lokacin da ta ƙaura zuwa [[Braunschweig]] da ke kusa don neman aiki kuma nan da nan ta same shi, da farko tana hidimar gida sannan daga baya ta yi aiki a {{Interlanguage link|Konservenindustrie in Braunschweig|de}} . A ranar 16 ga Afrilu 1899, a {{Interlanguage link|Michaelis Church|de|St. Michaelis (Braunschweig)}} a cikin {{Interlanguage link|Altstadt (Braunschweig)|de}} na [[Braunschweig]] -&quot; {{Interlanguage link|Weichbild|de}} &quot;, Minna Nikolai ta auri Johannes Georg Faßhauer, wani maƙerin Braunschweig. &lt;ref name=&quot;MNlautDGB&quot;/&gt; 'Ya'yan ma'auratan Otto da Walter an haife su a 1903 da 1906: dukansu sun rayu har zuwa lokacin girma. &lt;ref name=&quot;MFlautFrauenOrt01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Zum Leben und Wirken von Minna Faßhauer |url=https://www.d-welt.de/und-mehr/raumvermietung/bildungsort-minna-fasshauer/ |access-date=1 November 2021 |website=Unser &quot;Bildungsort Minna&quot; wurde nach Minna Faßhauer benannt, um ihr Leben und Wirken zu würdigen. |publisher=d&amp;d design &amp; distribution GmbH &amp; Co. KG., Braunschweig }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Minna Faßhauer ta bar makaranta har yanzu ba ta iya karatu ba, amma ta sami ƙarfafawa daga kayan karatun gurguzu da mijinta ya ba ta, tun tana ƙarama ta ƙware a karatu kuma ta saba da wasu daga cikin yanayin siyasa na lokacin. &lt;ref name=&quot;MFlautSH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stephanie Horn |date=8 March 2017 |title=... Minna Faßhauer |url=https://loewenstadt.braunschweig.de/frauenpower-in-der-loewenstadt/ |access-date=31 October 2021 |website=Frauenpower in der Löwenstadt |publisher=Braunschweig Stadtmarketing GmbH}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba da daɗewa ba ta fara fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata masu aiki, musamman ma, don daidaita daidaito tsakanin jinsi. A wani matakin yanki, ta bayar da gagarumar gudummawa wajen samun goyon baya ga ɗage haramcin siyasa da mata suka yi, wanda a ka'ida ya yaɗu a duk faɗin Jamus har zuwa lokacin da aka ɗage shi a hukumance a shekarar 1908 (kodayake a aikace a bayyane yake cewa tun daga shekarar 1890, an aiwatar da haramcin da ƙarfi sosai a wasu sassan Jamus - musamman a Prussia - fiye da sauran. [1] Bayan shekarar 1918, Hermann Wallbaum, memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis kuma mai lura da abin da ake kira &quot;juyin juya halin Nuwamba&quot; a Braunschweig, ya bayyana gudummawar siyasa ta Minna Faßhauer a waɗannan shekarun farko kamar haka:

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Marjon Kamara</title>
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'''Marjon Vashti Kamara''' (an haife ta a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta 1949) jami'in diflomasiyya ce kuma 'yar siyasar ƙasar [[Laberiya|Liberia]] wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje daga shekarun 2016 zuwa 2018.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Kamara a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 1949 a [[Monrovia]] ɗiya ce ga Jacob da Edith Kamara. &lt;ref name=&quot;challenge&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 January 2016 |title=Liberia: Foreign Minister Marjon Kamara's Challenges |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201601112430.html |access-date=9 April 2017 |website=Daily Observer |publisher=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta halarci makarantar sakandare ta Saint Theresa's Convent High School kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin fasaha a shekarar 1970 da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin [[kimiyyar siyasa]] a shekarar 1973. &lt;ref name=&quot;washington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Her Excellency Marjon V. Kamara |url=http://www.washdiplomat.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=2717%3Aher-excellency-marjon-v-kamara&amp;catid=1184&amp;Itemid=136 |publisher=Washington Diplomat}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Wade C. L. |date=7 January 2016 |title=Meet Liberia's New Foreign Minister |url=http://www.myafricanwoman.com/2016/01/meet-liberias-new-foreign-minister/ |access-date=9 April 2017 |website=LibPolitices }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Kamara ta fara aiki a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Laberiya a shekarar 1974, inda ta yi aiki kafaɗa da kafaɗa da Cecil Dennis, kafin ta yi aiki a ofisoshin Babban Kwamishinan 'Yan Gudun Hijira na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UNHCR) a [[Itofiya|Habasha]], [[Uganda]] da [[Geneva]] daga shekarun 1983 zuwa 1994.  Ta kasance Wakilin UNHCR a [[Angola]] daga shekarun 1994 zuwa 1998 da kuma [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] daga shekarun 1998 zuwa 2001. Daga nan ta zama Darakta a Sashen Tallafin Ayyuka a shekarar 2001, kafin a naɗa ta Daraktar UNHCR na Afirka a watan Oktoban 2005.

An naɗa Kamara jakadiyar Liberia a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya]] a [[New York (birni)|New York]] a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoba, 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;washington&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 October 2009 |title=New Permanent Representative of Liberia Presents Credentials |url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/bio4134.doc.htm |access-date=9 April 2017 |publisher=United Nations}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta jagoranci zaman kwamitin kula da matsayin mata na hamsin da shida, kuma an zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar shugabar taron [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|babban taron Majalisar na]] sittin da shida.&lt;ref name=washington/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/bio4134.doc.htm|publisher=United Nations|title=New Permanent Representative of Liberia Presents Credentials|date=8 October 2009|accessdate=9 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=meet/&gt;

Shugaba [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]] ta naɗa Kamara a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Marjon Kamara Appointed New Foreign Minister |url=http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=1914&amp;related=7&amp;pg=sp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023133459/http://www.mofa.gov.lr/public2/2press.php?news_id=1914&amp;related=7&amp;pg=sp |archive-date=2016-10-23 |access-date=2017-04-09 |publisher=Government of the Republic of Liberia Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=washington/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2009/bio4134.doc.htm|publisher=United Nations|title=New Permanent Representative of Liberia Presents Credentials|date=8 October 2009|accessdate=9 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=meet/&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==
A shekarar 2016, an naɗa Kamara a matsayin babbar ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Dame kuma shugabar ƙungiyar Orders in the Humane Order of African Redemption. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 April 2016 |title=Amb. Marjon Kamara Admitted into Humane Order of African Redemption |url=http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/politics/384-amb-marjon-kamara-admitted-into-humane-order-of-african-redemption |access-date=9 April 2017 |website=Front Page Africa |archive-date=9 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409203422/http://frontpageafricaonline.com/index.php/politics/384-amb-marjon-kamara-admitted-into-humane-order-of-african-redemption |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wallafe-wallafe ==

* Kamara, Marjon Vashti; Plano, Jack C. (1974). United Nations Capital Development Fund: poor and rich worlds in collision. Western Michigan University Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780932826145&lt;/nowiki&gt;. 
* {{Cite journal |last=Kamara |first=Marjon |date=September 2009 |title=Daring to dream of an end to exile in sub-Saharan Africa |journal=Forced Migration Review |volume=33 |pages=30–32}}

== Manazarta ==

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{{Databox}}
'''Maud Lilburn MacLellan''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (6 Oktoba 1903 - 21 Mayu 1977) ta kasance kwamanda [[Scotland|a Scotland]] na ƙungiyar agajin gaggawa ta Nursing Yeomanry (FANY). Yayin da aka tilasta mata yin aiki da ATS a lokacin yaƙin, ta koya wa Sarauniya Elizabeth ta gaba tuƙi.

== Rayuwab ==
An haifi MacLellan, ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'ya uku, a [[Glasgow]] a shekarar 1903. Iyayenta sune Walter da Jane MacLellan. Ta shiga FANY a shekarar 1929  wacce ƙungiya ce mai zaman kanta wacce galibi take aiki a lokacin yaƙi. Mary Baxter Ellis ce ta jagoranci FANY daga 1932 wacce ta jagoranci FANY a Northumberland  ta karɓi ragamar mulki daga Lilian Franklin OBE. 
[[Fayil:Princess_Elizabeth_with_the_ATS_in_1945_by_unknown.jpg|left|thumb|Gimbiya Elizabeth tare da ATS a watan Afrilun 1945]]
An naɗa Helen Gwynne-Vaughan a matsayin Babban Mai Kula da Sabuwar Hukumar Kula da Auxiliary Territorial Service (ATS) a shekarar 1939. &lt;ref name=&quot;HGVodnb&quot; /&gt; Wannan aiki ne da Mary Baxter Ellis ta ƙi, amma duk da haka ta amince ta samar wa mata 1500 aiki tare da ATS matuƙar za su iya zama masu zaman kansu. An amince da wannan, amma Gwynne-Vaughan ta karya yarjejeniyar, ta kuma tilasta wa ma'aikatan FANY su shagala.  Gwynne-Vaughan ta riƙe wannan aiki har zuwa 1941.  An sanya MacLellan a cikin mawuyacin hali amma ta zaɓi shiga ATS ta jagoranci kamfanin motoci na 4 na Scotland daga Nuwamba 1938. An bayyana ta a matsayin kyakkyawar abin koyi, wadda ta jagoranci misali, lokacin da sabbin ma'aikata da yawa ba su saba da horon soja ba. 
[[Fayil:Maud_MacLellan,_the_Princess_Eliz_and_2nd_in_command_Carey_surrounded_by_No_1_MTTC.jpg|thumb|Kwamanda MacLellan, Gimbiya Elizabeth da kuma Carey na 2 a matsayin kwamandan da ke kewaye da MTTC mai lamba 1]]
A watan Maris na shekarar 1945, an kira ta zuwa wani taro a Fadar Buckingham inda aka gaya mata cewa za ta karɓi baƙo mai muhimmanci. Gimbiya Elizabeth tana da sha'awar koyon tuƙi kuma aka zaɓi ATS don samar da kwas na tsawon makonni uku wanda ya haɗa da karatun taswira da makanikai. Daga ƙarshe MacLellan ta sami damar cewa &quot;ta koya wa Sarauniya tuƙi&quot;. Gimbiya ta kira ta Ma'am yayin da ake yi mata kallon ƙaramar jami'a tana goge ƙusoshinta yayin da take kammala aikin makanikai. [1]

Ellis ta yi ritaya a shekarar 1947 kuma MacLellan ya gaje ta a matsayin shugaban FANY. A shekarar 1957 aka naɗa ta [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] . 

An gayyaci MacLellan a shekarar 1974 don ya ci abinci tare da Sarauniya a sirri. &lt;ref name=&quot;drive&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=I taught the Queen to drive |url=http://www.helensburgh-heritage.co.uk/index.php/heritage/reminiscences/868-i-taught-the-queen-to-drive |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=www.helensburgh-heritage.co.uk }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; MacLellan ya mutu a Helensburgh a shekarar 1977. 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1903]]</text>
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    <title>Maria Manuela Lucas</title>
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'''Maria Manuela dos Santos Lucas''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba, 1961) &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-06-04 |title=Maria Manuela dos Santos Lucas - Biografia, Vida e Obra - MMO |url=https://mmo.co.mz/pessoa/maria-manuela-dos-santos-lucas/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt; jami'ar diflomasiyya ce kuma 'yar siyasa 'yar Mozambique wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin '''Ministar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa''' ta Mozambique tun daga watan Janairun 2025. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Manuela Lucas, nova Ministra dos Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação |url=https://www.minec.gov.mz/index.php/imprensa/destaques/842-maria-manuela-lucas-nova-ministra-dos-negocios-estrangeiros-e-cooperacao |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.minec.gov.mz }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta riƙe manyan muƙamai da dama a ma'aikatar diflomasiyya ta Mozambique, ciki har da Jakadiyar Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italiya, Spain, da kuma Babbar Kwamishiniya a Afirka ta Kudu. Lucas ta kasance jami'ar diflomasiyya tun daga shekarar 1981. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=2021-05-15 |title=Mozambique’s new ambassador to Spain presents her Copies of Letters of Credence |url=https://thediplomatinspain.com/en/2021/05/15/mozambiques-new-ambassador-to-spain-presents-her-copies-of-letters-of-credence/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=thediplomatinspain.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Lucas a Matola, Mozambique. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ta kammala karatunta na firamare da sakandare a Matola sannan daga baya ta halarci Escola Comercial a Maputo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta sami digiri a fannin Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Duniya daga Instituto de Relações Internacionais a shekarar 1985 kuma ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin Hulɗa da Ƙasashen Duniya daga Jami'ar Birmingham a shekarar 1993. Ta kuma sami difloma a fannin Gudanar da Jama'a a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1996. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin diflomasiyya ==
Lucas ta fara aikin diflomasiyya a shekarar 1981 a Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje. Matsayinta na farko ya haɗa da yin aiki a ofishin jakadancin Mozambique da ke Addis Ababa sannan daga baya ta zama jakadiya a Cape Town. Daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 1999 ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a Ofishin Jakadancin Mozambique da ke Brasilia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=País |first=O. |date=2021-02-22 |title=Maria Lucas nomeada embaixadora de Moçambique junto do Reino da Espanha - O País - A verdade como notícia |url=https://opais.co.mz/maria-lucas-nomeada-embaixadora-de-mocambique-junto-do-reino-da-espanha/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=opais.co.mz |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga shekarun 1999 zuwa 2003, Lucas ta kasance Daraktar Darakta na Hukumar Kula da Ƙungiyoyi da Taro ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa. A shekarar 2003, an naɗa ta Jakadiya a Belgium, Netherlands da Luxembourg, inda ta kuma zama wakiliyar Mozambique a Tarayyar Turai. Ta ci gaba da wannan muƙamin har zuwa 2011. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

Daga baya Lucas ta yi aiki a matsayin Jakadiya a Italiya sannan daga baya ta zama Mataimakiyar Ministan Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa. A shekarar 2021, an naɗa ta Jakadiya a Spain, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Embaixadora Maria Manuela Lucas apresenta Cartas Credenciais ao Rei da Espanha |url=https://www.minec.gov.mz/index.php/imprensa/destaques/631-embaixadora-maria-manuela-lucas-apresenta-cartas-credenciais-ao-rei-da-espanha |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.minec.gov.mz }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma a shekarar 2023 ta zama Babbar Kwamishiniya a Afirka ta Kudu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Lucas acreditada Alta Comissária de Moçambique na África do Sul |url=https://www.minec.gov.mz/index.php/imprensa/destaques/774-maria-lucas-acreditada-alta-comissaria-de-mocambique-na-africa-do-sul |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.minec.gov.mz }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ministan Harkokin Waje ==
Lucas ta taɓa yin aiki a matsayin '''Mataimakiyar Ministan Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa''' daga 2017 zuwa 2020 a lokacin wa'adin farko na Shugaba Filipe Nyusi a ofis. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PR nomeia Vice-Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros e Cooperação |url=https://www.folhademaputo.co.mz/pt/noticias/nacional/pr-nomeia-vice-ministro-dos-negocios-estrangeiros-e-cooperacao/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=Folha de Maputo |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt; A '''ranar 17 ga watan Janairu 2025''', an naɗa ta '''Ministar Harkokin Waje da Haɗin gwiwa''', &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; ta zama jakadiyar farko da ta riƙe wannan matsayi a Mozambique. Naɗinta ya faru ne a farkon gwamnatin Shugaba Daniel Chapo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=País |first=O. |date=2025-01-17 |title=Chapo nomeia Primeiro-Ministro e membros do Governo - O País - A verdade como notícia |url=https://opais.co.mz/chapo-nomeia-primeiro-ministro-e-membros-do-governo/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=opais.co.mz |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa ==
Lucas ta sami takardar shaidar girmamawa daga Shugabar Mozambique saboda rawar da ta taka wajen tallafawa shirya taron kolin Tarayyar Afirka na 2003 a Maputo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; An kuma naɗa ta a matsayin '''memba na girmamawa na [[Diplomatic Academy of the Kingdom of Spain|Kwalejin Diflomasiyya ta Masarautar Spain]]'''. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=País |first=O. |date=2022-11-30 |title=Maria Manuela outorgada membro honorária da academia da diplomacia do Reino da Espanha - O País - A verdade como notícia |url=https://opais.co.mz/maria-manuela-outorgada-membro-honoraria-da-academia-da-diplomacia-do-reino-da-espanha/ |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=opais.co.mz |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
Lucas tana jin yaren Portugal, Guitonga, Xirhonga, Turanci da Faransanci. Tana da ɗa ɗaya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>María Fernanda Espinosa</title>
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'''María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés''' (an haife ta a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1964) masanin harshe ne na [[Ecuador]], mawaki, [[ɗan siyasa]], kuma diflomasiyya. A halin yanzu, shi ne Babban Darakta na GWL Voices, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da aka sadaukar don cimma tsarin daidaito tsakanin jinsi.&lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-01 |title=Members - GWL Voices |url=https://gwlvoices.com/members/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209192112/https://gwlvoices.com/members/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan bambancin halittu da 'yan asalin ƙasar (1999-2005) kuma ta kasance darakta na yanki na [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]] (2005-2007) a Ƙungiyar Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN). Espinosa Garcés ta kasance Ministan Harkokin Waje na Ecuador sau biyu, daga 2007 zuwa 2008 sannan daga 2017 zuwa 2018. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin jakada da Wakilin dindindin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a New York (2008-2009) da Geneva (2014-2017), kuma a matsayin Ministan Tsaro na Ecuador (2012-2014). A watan Yunin 2018, an zabe ta a matsayin Shugabar Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a zaman na 73 ta hanyar kuri'u biyu bisa uku na kasashe mambobin.&lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=Ecuadorian politician and poet becomes fourth woman to preside over UN General Assembly |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011431 |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114031850/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011431 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Espinosa Garcés ta zama mace ta huɗu a cikin tarihin shekaru saba'in da uku na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da aka zaba Shugaban Majalisar Dinkinobho. Baya ga aikinta na siyasa, ita ma mawaki ce kuma marubuciya.

== Ilimi ==
Tafiyar ilimi ta María Fernanda Espinosa ta fara ne a makarantar Lycée La Condamine ta Faransa da Ecuador a Quito, inda ta sami Baccalaureate daga 1978 zuwa 1982. Daga nan sai ta bi digiri na farko a fannin ilimin harshe a Jami'ar Katolika ta Pontifical ta Ecuador (PUCE), ta kammala a shekarar 1988.

A shekara ta 1991, ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin Anthropology da [[Kimiyyar siyasa|Kimiyya ta Siyasa]] a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Latin Amurka (FLACSO) a Quito . Shekaru biyu bayan haka, a cikin 1993, Espinosa ta sami digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyyar zamantakewa da nazarin Amazon daga FLACSO . Rubutun ta ya mayar da hankali kan manufofin kiyayewa da kuma kula da wuraren da aka kiyaye a arewacin yankin Amazon na Ecuador.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=CV María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés |url=https://www.defensa.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/11/hoja-de-vida3.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga 1994 zuwa 1996, María Fernanda ta bi karatun digiri a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Jami'ar Rutgers da ke New Jersey, kodayake ba ta kammala digiri ba. A wannan lokacin, ta kuma zama Fellow a Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adu ta zamani a Jami'ar Rutgers daga 1996 zuwa 1997.

Ayyukan ilimi da bincike na Espinosa sun kai ta ga zama Mataimakin Farfesa da Mai Bincike a FLACSO, inda ta kafa kuma ta daidaita Shirin kan Nazarin Jama'a da Muhalli. Ayyukanta a wannan lokacin sun mayar da hankali kan Amazon, ci gaba mai ɗorewa, da canjin yanayi.

Daga 1999 zuwa 2005, Espinosa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan bambancin halittu, [[Canjin yanayi]], da manufofin 'Yan asalin ƙasar. Daga baya aka nada ta a matsayin Darakta na Yankin Kudancin Amurka a Ƙungiyar Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN), matsayin da ta rike daga 2005 zuwa 2007 kafin ta shiga cikin aikin siyasa da diflomasiyya.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa – Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery |url=https://drgr.org/about-us-1/maria-fernanda-espinosa/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Espinosa kuma marubuci ne mai yawa, bayan ya wallafa ayyukan waka da litattafai da yawa. A shekara ta 1990, ta sami lambar yabo ta kasa ta Ecuador saboda gudummawar da ta bayar a rubuce-rubuce.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
María Fernanda Espinosa ta fara aikinta tana aiki tare da al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar Amazon na Ecuador, tana mai da hankali kan kula da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Ayyukanta na farko sun haɗa da haɗin gwiwa tare da kungiyoyin farar hula da cibiyoyin ilimi, daga ƙarshe ya kai ta ga zama mai ba da shawara kan bambancin halittu da [[Siyasa na canjin yanayi|Manufofin canjin yanayi]]. Daga 1989 zuwa 1990, ta yi aiki a matsayin jami'in aikin Gidauniyar Natura ta Ecuador, inda ta haɗa kiyaye halittu masu yawa tare da rayuwar gida. A cikin 1994, Espinosa ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na [[UNICEF]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] a kan aikin gwaji don inganta ilimin muhalli da haɓaka shirye-shiryen kula da muhalli na farko tare da mata na karkara. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Kwamitin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan dazuzzuka a New York a shekarar 1995, tana mai da hankali kan ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma shiga cikin jama'a game da gandun daji da haƙƙin mallaka.

Espinosa ta kafa kuma ta ba da umarnin Shirin Nazarin Jama'a da Muhalli a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Latin Amurka (FLACSO) a Quito daga 1996 zuwa 1999, ta kara karfafa matsayinta na jagora a batutuwan muhalli. Tsakanin 1999 da 2005, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan bambancin halittu da 'yan asalin ƙasar ga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi (IUCN), ta shiga cikin tattaunawar muhalli ta duniya da ta shafi bambancin halittukan halittu, albarkatun kwayoyin halitta, ilimin gargajiya, da haƙƙin mallaka na ilimi.&lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa – Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery |url=https://drgr.org/about-us-1/maria-fernanda-espinosa/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 2005, an nada Espinosa a matsayin Darakta na Yankin Kudancin Amurka a IUCN, wanda ke zaune a Quito. A cikin wannan rawar, ta jagoranci kafawa da aiwatar da Shirin Yankin Kudancin Amurka, wanda ya inganta ƙwarewar fasaha da kuɗi na kungiyar don ba da shawara da tallafawa gwamnatoci a cikin shirin ci gaba mai ɗorewa, shirye-shirye, da kuma yin manufofi. Ayyukanta sun jaddada alaƙar da ke tsakanin kawar da talauci da kiyaye halittu masu yawa, suna ƙarfafa ikon Ofishin Yankin don tallafawa gwamnatoci a tattaunawar da ta shafi halittu masu ban sha'awa, canjin yanayi, kula da gandun daji, da wuraren da aka kiyaye.

A lokacin da take IUCN, María Fernanda ta haɓaka shirin yanki wanda ya dace da fifiko na gwamnatocin Kudancin Amurka don magance ƙalubalen muhalli da suka shafi Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, yana mai da hankali kan Ci gaba mai ɗorewa, kawar da talauci, da [[Daidaiton zamantakewa|daidaito na zamantakewa]]. Ta sanya IUCN a matsayin mai mahimmanci mai ruwa da tsaki na yanki, wanda aka gane shi a matsayin ƙwararren masani, mai ba da taimako na fasaha, da kuma jagoran bayar da shawarwari kan batutuwan muhalli. Espinosa ya daidaita dabarun muhalli na yau da kullun tsakanin jihohin yankin, ya tattara albarkatu, ya sauƙaƙa hadin gwiwar masu ba da gudummawa, kuma ya ba da shawara ta fasaha, kimiyya, da siyasa ga gwamnatoci kan batutuwan muhalli da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Ta kuma kafa dabarun bayar da shawarwari don kiyaye halittu masu yawa tsakanin shugabannin siyasa kuma ta shiga cikin Taron Jam'iyyun da suka halarci Yarjejeniyar Biological Diversity da Yarjejeniyar Canjin Yanayi. &lt;ref&gt; name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa CV ENG |url=https://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2019/AG07997ECVESPINOSA.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin aikinta na farko, Espinosa ta ci gaba da mayar da hankali kan haɗa kiyaye halittu masu yawa tare da ci gaba mai ɗorewa da kuma karfafa al'ummomin asali. Ta ba da gudummawa ga shirye-shiryen kungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da UNICEF, Kungiyar Yarjejeniyar hadin gwiwa ta Amazon, Babban Bankin Ecuador, da Fundación Futuro Latinoamericano . Ayyukanta sun kafa tushe mai karfi ga matsayinta na baya a cikin gwamnati da diflomasiyyar kasa da kasa.

=== Gwamnatin Rafael Correa ===
A karkashin Shugaba Rafael Correa, María Fernanda Espinosa ta rike manyan matsayi da yawa a cikin gwamnatin Ecuador, tana nuna kwarewarta da ƙwarewarta a fannoni daban-daban. Daga Janairu zuwa Disamba 2007, ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje, Kasuwanci, da Haɗin kai, inda ta kafa Sabon Manufofin Harkokin Wajen Ecuador na 2007-2010. A lokacin da take aiki, ta sake tsara Ma'aikatar don haɗawa da nauyin cinikayya na ƙasashen waje da kuma inganta shirye-shiryen haɗin siyasa da kasuwanci na yanki. Musamman, ta fara ma'aikatun daidaitawa tsakanin Ecuador da [[Peru]] don magance batutuwan da suka shafi ci gaban iyaka, tsaro, tsaro, da hadin gwiwar tattalin arziki, wanda ya ci gaba da aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya da aka sanya hannu tare da Peru a shekarar 1998.

Bayan rawar da ta taka a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje, an nada Espinosa a matsayin Mai ba da shawara na Musamman ga Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki, Alberto Acosta, daga Disamba 2007 zuwa Fabrairu 2008. A wannan matsayi, ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin mulki wanda ya haifar da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Ecuador na 2008, musamman a cikin tsara sassan kan haƙƙin yanayi, 'yan asalin ƙasar, da kuma jihohi masu yawa, da kuma yankunan da suka shafi tsaro, tsaro, da harkokin duniya. &lt;ref&gt;name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 June 2018 |title=Ecuadorian politician and poet becomes fourth woman to preside over UN General Assembly |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011431 |access-date=8 March 2026 |archive-date=14 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114031850/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011431 |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011431 &quot;Ecuadorian politician and poet becomes fourth woman to preside over UN General Assembly&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114031850/https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/06/1011431 |date=2020-01-14 }}. 5 June 2018.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2008, María Fernanda ta zama mace ta farko da ta zama Wakilin Dindindin na Ecuador a [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] a New York, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa watan Satumbar shekara ta 2009. A lokacin da take jakada, Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne ya nada ta a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga Kungiyar Aiki ta Musamman kan Sabunta Ayyukan Majalisar Dinkinobho. Espinosa ya kuma jagoranci shiga Ecuador a cikin tattaunawar kasa da kasa game da Rikicin kudi na 2008, wanda ya ƙare a Taron 2009 kan Rikicin Kudi da Tattalin Arziki na Duniya da Tasirinsa akan Ci gaba. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tattaunawar muhalli da canjin yanayi, kuma ta shiga tattaunawa sosai kan Haɗin gwiwar Kudu da Kudu da kuma tsarin tsarin, gami da kafa Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Daga Oktoba 2009 har zuwa Nuwamba 2012 ta kasance Ministan Al'adu da Al'adu, inda ta jagoranci Yasuní-ITT Initiative . A matsayinta na shugabar wannan majalisar ministocin, ta kula da Ma'aikatar Muhalli, Ma'aikatu ta Al'adu, Ma'aikatan Wasanni, Ma'ar Gudanarwa, da Majalisar Gudanarwa ta Tsibirin Galapagos. A wannan matsayin, ta aiwatar da manufofi don dawowa da kare al'adun al'adu da al'adun Ecuador, ta jagoranci shirin kasa na yaki da wariyar launin fata da nuna bambanci, kuma ta wakilci Ecuador a cikin hanyoyin tattaunawar kasa da kasa kan canjin yanayi da ci gaba mai ɗorewa. Jagoranta a cikin Yasuní ITT Initiative, wanda ya nemi kauce wa hayakin carbon dioxide ta hanyar barin tanadin mai ba a yi amfani da shi ba don musayar diyya ta duniya, ya nuna muhimmiyar gudummawa ga tattaunawar muhalli ta duniya.

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, an nada Espinosa a matsayin Ministan Tsaro na Kasa, ta zama mace ta uku da ta rike wannan mukamin a Ecuador. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Redacción |date=2012-11-28 |title=María Fernanda Espinoza es la nueva ministra de Defensa |url=https://www.ecuavisa.com/noticias/ecuador/maria-fernanda-espinoza-es-la-nueva-ministra-de-defensa-CPEC20127 |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=www.ecuavisa.com |language=es-EC }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kula da Sojojin a lokacin wani lokaci mai rikitarwa wanda aka nuna ta rikice-rikicen cikin gida a makwabciyar [[Kolombiya|Colombia]]. Espinosa ta jagoranci sauye-sauye a cikin kula da tsaro na jama'a, ilimi, horo, da manufofin kiwon lafiya ga sojojin soja, kuma ta taimaka wajen kirkirar Tsarin Siyasa na Tsaro na Kasa na 2014-2017. Har ila yau, lokacin da ta yi aiki ya ga kafa manufofin daidaito tsakanin maza da mata a cikin Sojoji da kuma taron cibiyar hadin gwiwar mata da shugabannin tsaro ta farko. Kokarin Espinosa ya sabunta Sojojin, ya daidaita su da sabon tsarin mulki da kuma magance barazanar tsaro ta zamani kamar tsaro na yanar gizo, aikata laifuka, da bala'o'i na halitta.

A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2014, an nada María Fernanda Espinosa a matsayin Wakilin Dindindin na Ecuador a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran kungiyoyin kasa da kasa a Geneva, Switzerland, matsayin da ta rike har zuwa Mayu 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=CV María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés |url=https://www.defensa.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/11/hoja-de-vida3.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.defensa.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2012/11/hoja-de-vida3.pdf &quot;CV María Fernanda Espinosa Garcés&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A wannan lokacin, an zabe ta a matsayin shugabar kungiyar aiki ta Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam kan tattaunawar kayan aiki na doka kan kamfanoni na kasa da kasa da haƙƙin ɗan adam. Ayyukanta sun kasance muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin tattaunawar Majalisar, saboda shi ne karo na farko da aka tattauna tasirin kamfanoni na kasa da kasa akan haƙƙin ɗan adam don la'akari da shi a cikin kayan aiki na doka. A matsayinta na Wakilin Dindindin, ta kare shawarar da Gwamnatin Ecuador ta yanke na ba da mafaka ta siyasa ga [[Julian Assange]] a cikin tattaunawar da aka yi game da tsare-tsare a watan Satumbar 2016 a matsayin batun dokar kasa da kasa da 'yancin dan adam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa – Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery |url=https://drgr.org/about-us-1/maria-fernanda-espinosa/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://drgr.org/about-us-1/maria-fernanda-espinosa/ &quot;María Fernanda Espinosa – Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;18 September&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Espinosa ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kungiyoyin kasa da kasa kamar ILO, WHO, UNCTAD, da sauransu, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake fasalin ma'aikata na Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Shige da Fice (IOM) da kuma bayyana aikin Majalisar Kare Hakkin Dan Adam tare da Manufofin Ci Gaban Daida da Agenda na 2030. Ta daidaita shiga Ecuador a cikin mahimman hanyoyin kasa da kasa da tarurruka, gami da waɗanda suka shafi kawar da makamai, ƙaura, da kare muhalli.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa – Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery |url=https://drgr.org/about-us-1/maria-fernanda-espinosa/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://drgr.org/about-us-1/maria-fernanda-espinosa/ &quot;María Fernanda Espinosa – Debt Relief for Green and Inclusive Recovery&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;24 September&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin jagora mai tattaunawa ga Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Ci gaba mai dorewa (Rio+20), da Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkinobho a Copenhagen ([[Taron sauyin yanayi na Copenhagen|COP 15]]), Cancun ([[Taron sauyin yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2010|COP 16]]), Paris ([[Taron Sauyin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2015|COP 21]]), da Bonn ([[2017 taron canjin yanayi na zamani|COP 23]]), inda ta jagoranci matsayi na yau da kullun na mambobi 34 na Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa CV ENG |url=https://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2019/AG07997ECVESPINOSA.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2019/AG07997ECVESPINOSA.pdf &quot;María Fernanda Espinosa CV ENG&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Gwamnatin Lenin Moreno'''
[[Fayil:2017-09-18_Canciller_María_Fernanda_Espinosa_mantuvo_reunión_con_su_homóloga_de_Indonesia,_Retno_Masurdi.png|thumb|Fernanda Espinosa ta sadu da wani mutum mai daraja a shekarar 2017]]
A ranar 24 ga Mayu 2017 aka nada Espinosa a matsayin Ministan Harkokin Waje a gwamnatin Shugaba Lenín Moreno . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 May 2017 |title=María Fernanda Espinosa fue posesionada como Canciller del Ecuador |url=http://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/maria-fernanda-espinosa-fue-posesionada-como-canciller-del-ecuador/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531202846/http://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/maria-fernanda-espinosa-fue-posesionada-como-canciller-del-ecuador/ |archive-date=31 May 2017 |publisher=Cancilleria.gob.ec}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shugaban Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ===
A ranar 5 ga Yuni, 2018, an zabi Espinosa a matsayin mace ta huɗu shugabar [[Babban Taron Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] kuma mace ta farko daga Latin Amurka da Caribbean da ta jagoranci wannan kungiya, tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1945. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=13 March 2003 |title=Woman elected as head of UN General Assembly for fourth time in 73 years |url=https://news.un.org/en/gallery/534371 |website=UN News }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 June 2018 |title=Estas son las apuestas de María Fernanda Espinosa, la nueva presidenta de la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas |url=https://www.france24.com/es/20180606-maria-fernanda-espinosa-asamblea-onu |website=France 24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jimlar kasashe mambobi 128, daga cikin 193 da suka hada da [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]], sun jefa kuri'a don takarar Espinosa wanda ya gudu don matsayi a kan wakilin dindindin na [[Honduras]] a Majalisar Dinkinobho, Mary Elizabeth Flores . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nunez |first=Vivian |title=Meet The First Latina (And Fourth Woman) To Ever Lead The United Nations General Assembly |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/viviannunez/2019/02/28/meet-the-first-latina-and-fourth-woman-to-ever-lead-the-united-nations-general-assembly/ |website=Forbes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A lokacin da take shugaban majalisa na 73 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, Espinosa ta tara wata kungiya ta mata shugabannin don inganta wayar da kan jama'a da kuma jajircewar kasa da kasa don bunkasa shiga siyasa na mata. Ta gudanar da manyan abubuwan da suka faru game da karfafa mata da shiga siyasa kuma ta tara mata Shugabannin Jihohi da Gwamnati da sauran manyan mata don ci gaba da ajanda na daidaito tsakanin jinsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Women in Power &amp;#124; General Assembly of the United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/pga/73/event/women-in-power/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Informal High-Level Event on Women in Power &amp;#124; General Assembly of the United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/pga/73/2019/09/12/informal-high-level-event-on-women-in-power-call-to/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin shugabancinta ta jagoranci amincewa da [[Zartarwar Majalisar dinkin duniya akan hakkin kananan manoma|Sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Manoma]] a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2018, Yarjejeniyar Duniya kan 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniyar Kasa da Duniya don Tsaro, Hanyar Gudun Hijira a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Global Compact on Refugees |url=https://globalcompactrefugees.org/article/global-compact-refugees}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=President of the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly |url=https://www.un.org/pga/73/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Espinosa ta kaddamar da Shekarar Kasa da Kasa ta Harsunan 'Yan asalin ƙasar a watan Fabrairun 2019 kuma ta jagoranci babban taron kan al'adu da ci gaba mai ɗorewa a watan Mayu 2019.

A matsayinta na shugabar Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, ta inganta kamfen din duniya game da amfani da filastik guda ɗaya kuma ta sami cikakkiyar kawar da filastic guda ɗaya a hedkwatar Majalisar Dinkinobho a New York da Geneva.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UN official: The world wants to eliminate single-use plastics |url=http://www.efe.com/efe/english/technology/un-official-the-world-wants-to-eliminate-single-use-plastics/50000267-3990494 |website=www.efe.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Play It Out &amp;#124; General Assembly of the United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/pga/73/playitout/ |website=www.un.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Andrea |title=U.N. General Assembly President Sets Her Sights on Plastic Pollution |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/u-n-general-assembly-president-sets-her-sights-on-plastic-pollution/ |website=Scientific American}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Candela |first=Kacie |date=27 August 2019 |title=The UN Headquarters Says Adiós to Single-Use Plastic |url=https://www.passblue.com/2019/08/27/the-un-headquarters-says-adios-to-single-use-plastic/ |website=PassBlue}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shugabancin UNGA ===
[[Fayil:María_Fernanda_Espinosa_High-level_meeting_on_the_Baku_Initiative_for_Climate_Finance,_Investment_and_Trade_(BICFIT_Dialogue)_UNCTAD_at_COP29_(54139328190).jpg|thumb|Fernanda Espinosa (hagu) yayin taron yanayi na Baku a 2024]]
A cikin 2020, shugabannin gwamnati na [[Antigua da Barbuda]] da Sant Vincent da Grenadines ne suka zabi Espinosa a matsayin sakatare janar na Kungiyar Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 February 2020 |title=Understand what the OAS requires, here and now |url=https://www.caribbeannewsglobal.com/understand-what-the-oas-requires-here-and-now/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2019 |title=Excanciller ecuatoriana: Toca que una mujer lidere la OEA |url=https://apnews.com/article/5d763afbe6254d43a414c18ad0e39205 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi tsere da Luis Almagro, wanda Colombia ta zaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 September 2019 |title=Colombia impulsa candidatura de Almagro a reelección en OEA |url=https://apnews.com/article/90f1d396e272498f80b314ab3237afbc |website=[[Associated Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Almagro ya sake lashe nadin sa da kuri'u 23 da 10 a zaben da aka gudanar a ranar 20 ga Maris a wannan shekarar. Kasarta ta Ecuador ba ta goyi bayan takarar ta ba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 2009 |title=OAS - Organization of American States: Democracy for peace, security, and development |url=https://www.oas.org/en/media_center/press_release.asp?sCodigo=E-026/20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kafin ta fara aikinta na siyasa da diflomasiyya, Espinosa ta kasance Mataimakin Farfesa kuma Mai Bincike a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Jama'a ta Latin Amurka FLACSO, inda ta kafa kuma ta tsara Shirin kan Nazarin Jama'a da Muhalli. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara a cikin bambancin halittu, Canjin yanayi, da manufofin 'Yan asalin ƙasar (1999-2005), kuma daga baya a matsayin darektan yanki na Kudancin Amurka na Ƙungiyar Duniya don Kula da Yanayi UICN (2005-2007).

== Sauran ayyukan ==

* [[Kungiyar Ganin Karshen Rikice-Rikice Ta Duniya|International Crisis Group]] (ICG), Board of Trustees (since 2023)
* International Gender Champions (IGC). Member
* [[Majalisar Nan Gaba Ta Duniya|World Future Council]], Member
* World Academy of Art and Science, Fellow&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernanda Espinosa |first=Maria |title=Maria Fernanda Espinosa |url=http://www.worldacademy.org/users/mespinosa |website=worldacademy}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Fellow at the Bosch Academy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=María Fernanda Espinosa |url=https://www.robertboschacademy.de/en/fellow/maria-fernanda-espinosa}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (December 2021)&quot;&gt;circular reference&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
* Commissioner to the Lancet COVID-19 Commission.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Lancet COVID-19 Commission |url=https://covid19commission.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515154100/https://covid19commission.org/ |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=Lancet Commission on COVID-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Member of the High-Level Advisory Council for the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations, UNAOC.
* Member of the Multi-Stakeholder Steering Committee of the Generation Equality Forum and the Beijing + 25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Generation Equality Forum |url=https://forum.generationequality.org/ |website=Generation Equality Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Member of the Political Advisory Panel of the Universal Health Coverage 2030 Movement, UHC2030.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.uhc2030.org/about-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Executive Director and Member of GWL Voices.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-01 |title=Members - GWL Voices |url=https://gwlvoices.com/members/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209192112/https://gwlvoices.com/members/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://gwlvoices.com/members/ &quot;Members - GWL Voices&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209192112/https://gwlvoices.com/members/ |date=2024-12-09 }}. 1 July 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;9 December&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
* Member of the Strategic Committee of the SDSN Science Panel for the Amazon, SPA.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 December 2019 |title=The Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA) convened to organize its work for 2020 |url=https://www.unsdsn.org/post-title}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Member of the UNDP Human Development Report Advisory Panel on Human Security.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 February 2022 |title=&amp;#124; Human Development Reports |url=http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/new-gen-human-security}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Founding Member of the Centre for UN Studies at the University of Buckingham.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Centre for United Nations Studies |url=https://www.buckingham.ac.uk/economics-international/the-centre-for-united-nations-studies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Espinosa tana aiki a matsayin Jakadan Goodwill ga Asusun Latin Amurka da Caribbean don Ci gaban 'yan asalin ƙasar, FILAC, da kuma Gidan Jama'a na Jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2020 |title=Los Pueblos Indígenas son actores fundamentales para construir sociedades más igualitarias, pacíficas y sostenibles en el escenario Post-COVID |url=https://indigenascovid19.red/archivos/13965 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112234117/https://indigenascovid19.red/archivos/13965 |archive-date=12 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fondo para el desarrollo de los pueblos indigenas FILAC |url=https://www.filac.org/ |website=Fondo para el desarrollo de los pueblos indigenas FILAC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Common Home of Humanity |url=https://www.commonhomeofhumanity.org/ |website=Commonhomeofhumanity}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=CHC 2nd ep. Maria Espinosa |url=https://www.commonhomeofhumanity.org/post/second-episode-common-home-conversations-with-maria-fernanda-espinosa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kyaututtuka da girmamawa ==
- An ba da kyautar tare da bikin fina-finai na Sundance na 2020 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Women Leaders Honored at Sundance Film Festival Event |url=https://www.zionsbank.com/community/articles/2020/february/women-leaders-honored-at-sundance-film-festival-event/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707080732/https://www.zionsbank.com/community/articles/2020/february/women-leaders-honored-at-sundance-film-festival-event/ |archive-date=7 July 2022 |access-date=2 November 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taron shekara-shekara na 7, wanda Zions Bank ya shirya, Janairu 2020.

- Kyautar Rehabilitation International ta 2019 don nasarori masu ban sha'awa a cikin kirkire-kirkire &quot;don aikinta na kirkire-kire wajen inganta haƙƙin mutanen da ke da nakasa a duniya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Laureates of the Rehabilitation International Award for Outstanding Achievements 2019 &amp;#124; RI Global |url=http://www.riglobal.org/laureates-of-the-rehabilitation-international-award-for-outstanding-achievements-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

- An ayyana mata 100 na BBC a matsayin daya daga cikin mata 100 masu ban sha'awa da tasiri daga ko'ina cikin duniya don 2019.

-	The Atahualpa Medal for Merit, Gran Cruz (Grand Cross) class, September 24, 2014, delivered by the Armed Forces of Ecuador. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Ingancin tushen bayani|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim cites another Wikipedia article. Articles need references to reliable third-party sources. (April 2022)&quot;&gt;circular reference&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

- The Order &quot;El Sol del Perú&quot; (The Order of the Sun of Peru), Gran Cruz (Grand Cross) aji, Fabrairu 23, 2007.

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>María Salvo Iborra</title>
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'''María Salvo Iborra''' (27 ga Mayu 1920 - 16 Nuwamba 2020) ta kasance mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Faransa a Spain kuma fitacciyar jaruma a dawo da tarihin tarihi a Catalonia. Ta shafe shekaru goma sha shida a matsayin fursunan siyasa a ƙarƙashin mulkin kama-karya na Franco, kuma daga baya ta zama babbar murya ga matan da suka sha wahala. Salvo ta kasance tare da kafa ƙungiyar ''[[Associació Les Dones del 36|Les Dones del 36]]'' kuma shugabar ƙungiyar ''[[Associació Catalana d'Expresos Polítics del Franquisme]]'' .

=== Rayuwar Farko da fafutuka ===
An haifi María Salvo Iborra a Sabadell, [[Katalunya|Catalonia]], a ranar 27 ga Mayu, 1920, cikin iyali mai aiki. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-03-01 |title=Maria Salvo i Iborra |url=https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/dones/es/maria-salvo-i-iborra |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Mujeres y feminismos |language=es }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mahaifinta mai aikin kabad ne wanda ke da hannu a cikin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikata, kuma mahaifiyarta ƙwararriyar Katolika ce, ba ta [[Ilimin karatu|iya karatu da rubutu ba]] amma tana da sha'awar ilimin 'ya'yanta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-19 |title=María Salvo Iborra. In memorian |url=https://www.publico.es/opinion/columnas/maria-salvo-iborra-in-memorian.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.publico.es |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Barcelona, inda María ta fara aiki a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya tana da shekaru 13 a unguwar Les Corts, daga baya a matsayin mai ɗinki da mai matsawa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nº 88: María Salvo Iborra cumplió cien años el pasado 27 de mayo. (la lucha no acaba nunca…) – Justicia y dictadura |url=https://justiciaydictadura.com/maria-salvo-iborra-cumplio-cien-anos-el-pasado-27-de-mayo-la-lucha-no-acaba-nunca/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=Muere la luchadora antifranquista María Salvo |url=https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/sociedad/2020/11/17/muere-luchadora-antifranquista-maria-salvo-46484673.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=El Periódico de Aragón |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1935, ta ziyarci cibiyoyin al'adu na Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya kuma ta shiga [[Juventudes Socialistas Unificadas de Cataluña]] (JSUC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=La Gavilla Verde {{!}} María Salvo Iborra [Memoria Audiovisual de la Guerrilla] |url=https://www.lagavillaverde.org/Paginas/MemoriaAudioVisualdelaGuerrilla/Paginas/Fase2/020.MariaSalvoIborra.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.lagavillaverde.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Da barkewar Yaƙin Basasa na Spain a 1936, ta yi alaƙa da Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) kuma ta yi aiki a wani taron bita na tufafi na gama gari. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-05-27 |title=El centenari de Maria Salvo Iborra: una dona del 36 |url=https://blocpavellorepublica.ub.edu/2020/05/27/el-centenari-de-maria-salvo-iborra-una-dona-del-36/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Blog del CRAI Biblioteca del Pavelló de la república |language=ca}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1938, ta zama Sakatare na Farfaganda na Kwamitin Barcelona na JSUC. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-17 |title=Muere la luchadora antifranquista María Salvo a los 100 años |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.es/entry/muere-antifranquista-maria-salvo_es_5fb395f5c5b6a4664670b09c.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=ElHuffPost |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bayan faduwar Catalonia a hannun sojojin Francois a watan Janairun 1939, Salvo ta yi gudun hijira a Faransa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Salvo Iborra {{!}} Presó de les Corts |url=https://presodelescorts.org/ca/veus/maria-salvo-iborra |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=presodelescorts.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tsare ta a sansanonin tsare mutane da dama, ciki har da Le Pouliguen da Moisdon-la-Rivière . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-17 |title=Maria Salvo, 98 ans, lève toujours le poing |url=https://www.lezephyrmag.com/maria-salvo-antifranquiste/ |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Le Zéphyr |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Nuwamban 1939, hukumomin Faransa sun mika ta ga Guardia Civil da ke [[Bilbao]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; 

=== Ɗaurin kurkuku ===
Bayan dawowa Spain, Salvo ta ci gaba da ayyukanta na ɓoye tare da Jam'iyyar Haɗin Kan Jama'a ta Catalonia (PSUC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; A ranar 26 ga Satumba 1941 (wasu majiyoyi sun ce a ranar 9 ga Satumba), an kama ta a Madrid tare da wasu mata saboda &quot;makirci ga tsaron cikin gida na Jihar.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;  Tana da shekaru 21. Ta sha wahala na tsawon kwanaki talatin na azabtarwa a Dirección General de Seguridad (DGS) da ke Madrid, wanda, daga cikin wasu sakamakon, ya sa ba ta iya haihuwa ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Da farko, an mayar da Salvo da abokan tafiyarta zuwa [[Ventas prison|gidan yarin Ventas]] da ke Madrid sannan kuma zuwa [[Les Corts prison|gidan yarin Les Corts]] da ke Barcelona. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; A Les Corts, ta yi watanni tara ba tare da [[Rashin da aka tilasta|an sanar da ita]] ba. Yanayin ya yi muni, tare da cunkoso mai yawa da rashin tsafta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Maria Salvo, ex-presa política del franquismo: «La lucha no se acaba nunca» |url=https://web.ub.edu/es/web/actualitat/w/maria-salvo-expresa-politica-del-franquisme-la-lluita-no-sacaba-mai |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Actualidad |language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

A shekarar 1943, an mayar da ita daga Les Corts zuwa [[Predicadores prison|gidan yarin Predicadores]] da ke [[Zaragoza]], sannan aka mayar da ita Ventas da ke Madrid. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; A ranar 15 ga Disamba, 1944, wata kotun soja (Majalisar Yaƙi) ta yanke mata hukuncin ɗaurin shekaru talatin saboda &quot;nuna mata rashin da'a ga tsaron ƙasar,&quot; inda ta yi aiki da shekaru goma sha shida. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;  A lokacin da take tsare, an kuma tsare ta a gidajen yarin Segovia da Alcalá de Henares .  &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;  Wani babban wahala a lokacin da aka tsare ta da farko shine zargin ƙarya daga cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Spain (PCE) cewa ta yi aiki tare da 'yan sandan Francoist, wanda ya kai ga kama shugabannin PCE (&quot;Lisbon Group&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Wannan zargi, wanda aka buga a ''Mundo Obrero'' a shekarar 1943, ya haifar mata da matsananciyar wahala da kuma ware ta daga sauran fursunonin kwaminis na tsawon shekaru da dama. Daga baya an tabbatar da cewa zargin ƙarya ne, musamman ta hanyar takardun hukuncin da aka yanke mata a shari'ar, waɗanda suka yi bayani dalla-dalla game da haɗin gwiwar wasu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Bayan fitowar da kuma ci gaba da fafutuka ===
An saki Salvo daga gidan yari a shekarar 1957, [1] tare da haramtawa ta komawa Barcelona ko lardinta. [2] An kore ta zuwa Santander . [3] Duk da haka, ta koma Barcelona a ɓoye kuma ta ci gaba da fafutukar siyasa tare da PSUC da ƙungiyar mata. [4] [5] Daga baya ta haɗu ta kuma raba rayuwarta da Domènec Serra, wata 'yar adawa da Francoist . [6] [3] Da zuwan dimokuradiyya, Salvo ta zama fitacciyar mai fafutukar kare tarihi. [7] [8] Ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar Associació Catalana d'Expresos Politics del Franquisme (ACEPF). [6] [9] A shekarar 1997, tare da Josefina Piquet da sauran waɗanda suka tsira daga Yaƙin Basasa da kuma danne Francoist, ta kafa ƙungiyar Les Dones del 36 . [6] [10] Ƙungiyar ta yi niyyar bayyana abubuwan da mata suka fuskanta a wannan lokacin kuma ta sami kyautar Maria Aurèlia Capmany daga Majalisar Birnin Barcelona a wannan shekarar. [11] Ta yi fafutukar neman wani abin tunawa don tunawa da gidan yarin mata na Les Corts. [11]

== Manazarta ==

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'''María Francisca Ricart Olmos''', sunan addini ''María Guadalupe'', (23 ga Fabrairu 1881 - 2 ga Oktoba 1936) wata mata mai suna Sipaniya ce ta ƙungiyar Servite Order . &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed María Guadalupe (María Francisca) Ricart Olmos |url=http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93381 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=Santi e Beati}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2016 |title=Blessed María Francisca Ricart Olmos |url=https://catholicsaints.info/blessed-maria-francisca-ricart-olmos/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=Saints SQPN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kiran Ricart ga rayuwar addini ya bayyana a lokacin da ta yi Sallarta ta Farko bayan ta bayyana sha'awar keɓe kanta ga [[Allah]] ; ta shiga gidan sufi lokacin da ta cika shekaru goma sha biyar kuma ta yi wa gidan sufi hidima a matsayin shugabar coci da kuma uwargidan sabbin shiga . Abokanta suna girmama ta sosai saboda sadaukarwarta ga taimakawa da koyar da sabbin shiga da kuma halinta mai tausayi da fara'a. &lt;ref name=&quot;MG&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Childhood and adolescence |url=http://www.madreguadalupe.com/en/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=Beata Madre María Guadalupe }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Blessed People |url=http://www.servite.org/History/history-Blessed.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211083026/http://www.servite.org/History/history-Blessed.aspx |archive-date=11 December 2017 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=Friar Servants of Mary}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot; /&gt;

Tsarin girmama Ricart ya fara ne a ƙarshen shekarun 1950 kuma ya ƙare bayan an girmama ta a ranar 11 ga Maris 2001 inda [[John Paul na Biyu|Paparoma John Paul na Biyu]] ya girmama ta da wasu mutane 232 da aka kashe a lokacin Yaƙin Basasa na Spain .

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi María Francisca Ricart Olmos a shekarar 1881 a Albal kilomita tara daga [[Valencia]] a matsayin ta biyu cikin 'ya'ya huɗu ga Francisco Ricart da María Olmos; an yi mata baftisma cikin mako guda bayan haihuwarta. &lt;ref name=&quot;MG&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot;/&gt; Babban ɗan'uwanta José ne kuma 'yan'uwanta biyu da suka biyo bayanta sune Antonio da Filomena. Mahaifinta ya mutu a shekarar 1885 saboda rashin lafiya kuma mutanen ƙauyensu galibi suna kiran mahaifiyarta waliyyai.

Ricart ta zama mai himma a rayuwar cocin kuma daga baya ta yi Cocinta na Farko a 1891. An san Ricart da kasancewa mai farin ciki a lokacin yarinta amma an lura cewa ta ƙara zama mai natsuwa bayan Cocinta na Farko saboda ƙarfafa imaninta; har yanzu tana da kirki da fara'a ga waɗanda ke kewaye da ita. &lt;ref name=&quot;MG&quot;/&gt; Vicente Garrido Pastor ya kula da kafa cocin ita da sauran 'yan mata don Cocin Farko kuma ya tambaye shi ko wasu daga cikinsu za su yarda su keɓe kansu ga [[Allah]] . Garrido ya yi mamaki lokacin da Ricart ta ɗaga hannunta nan take ta amsa da eh da murmushi.

Yarinyar ta kan ziyarci gidan sufi na Pie de la Cruz na Servite Order da ke Valencia domin a can ne mahaifiyarta take da abokiya. Wannan ya sa gidan sufi ya zama sananne ga Ricart wanda ke sha'awar shiga a matsayin mai bautar gumaka . &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot;/&gt; Haka kuma a wannan wurin ne kiranta ga rayuwar addini ya karu har zuwa lokacin da mahaifiyarta da firist ɗin cocin suka amince su bar ta ta shiga gidan sufi a ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1896 bayan ta cika shekaru 15. &lt;ref name=&quot;SH&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;MG&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot; /&gt; Ricart ta yi alƙawarin cika alkawarinta a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1900 a matsayin ''María Guadalupe'' .

Daga 1928 zuwa 1931 ta yi aiki a matsayin sabuwar uwargida kafin ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar gidan sufi daga 1931 har zuwa 1934 lokacin da aka sake zaɓe ta a matsayin sabuwar uwargida; za ta riƙe wannan matsayin har zuwa mutuwarta. Ricart ta sadaukar da kanta ga sha'awar kuma sau da yawa tana yin tunani game da wahalhalun [[Maryamu, mahaifiyar Yesu|Maryamu]] a ƙarƙashin Gicciye. &lt;ref name=&quot;MG&quot;/&gt; Abokan aikinta suna girmama ta sosai saboda ruhinta na farin ciki da tausayi da kuma ƙarfin ikon jagoranci mai ƙarfi yayin da take lura da sadaukarwarta ga miƙa kyawawan dabi'un rayuwa na tunani ga sabbin membobi. &lt;ref name=&quot;SH&quot;/&gt;

A watan Yulin 1936, Bishop na Valencia Prudencio Melo i Alcalde ya umarci mabiya addinin gidan sufaye da su ɗauki kayan da ba na addini ba su kuma gudu daga gidan sufaye don neman mafaka tare da iyalansu saboda ƙaruwar tashin hankali da kuma ƙiyayya ga addini na Yaƙin Basasa na Spain . Ricart ta fara ƙaura zuwa gidan 'yar uwarta amma ta zauna a wurin na tsawon mako guda kawai tun lokacin da 'yar uwarta ke da ciki kuma Ricart ba ta son yin barazana ga rayuwar 'yar uwarta ba. [1] Ricart ta ƙaura zuwa Albal bayan wannan a ƙarshen watan don zama tare da 'yar uwarta Filomena. [2]

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1936 bayan tsakar dare, hankalinta ya tashi bayan ta ji hayaniya. Ricart ta fita daga ɗakinta don ta ga 'yar uwarta da surukinta José suna ƙoƙarin hana 'yan bindiga huɗu binciken gidan. &lt;ref name=&quot;SH&quot;/&gt; Filomena tana zaune ne a lokacin da José ke barci lokacin da mutanen huɗu suka buga taga sau uku suna neman a bar ta ta shiga gidan. &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot;/&gt; Ricart ta sanar da kasancewarta wurin wani soja da ya tambaye ta ko ita 'yar coci ce bayan an gano wani abu a jikinta da kuma wasu abubuwa. Ricart ta amsa da cewa &quot;Ni 'yar coci ce&quot; sai mutumin ya ce: &quot;Dole ne ki zo tare da mu&quot;. Ricart ta kwantar da hankalinta kuma ba ta yi wata turjiya ba yayin da ta ce &quot;to mu tafi&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;MG&quot;/&gt; Mai cocin ta hau bayan wata babbar mota tana riƙe da gicciyenta kuma ta roƙi 'yar uwarta da surukinta ƙarfin hali. Ayyukanta na ƙarshe su ne na farko don gode wa José saboda duk abin da ya yi mata da kuma rungumar Filomena da kallon nutsuwa da natsuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;SEB&quot; /&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Makalé Camara</title>
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'''Hadja Makalé Camara''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1956) lauya ce, jami'ar diflomasiyya kuma 'yar siyasa '[[Gini|yar ƙasar Guinea]] wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje na ƙasar Guinea daga ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 2016 zuwa 2017.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Camara a Mamou a shekarar 1956. Ta kammala karatun digiri na biyu a Jami'ar Gamal Abdel Nasser da ke Conakry a fannin shari'ar Labour a shekarar 1980. &lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Government Communication Unit |title=Qui est Makalé Camara, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères et des Guinéens de l'Etranger? |url=http://www.aujourdhui-en-guinee.com/fichiers/videos6.php?code=calb12108&amp;langue=fr&amp;champ2=&amp;pseudo=rub2&amp;PHPSESSID=2f7138bc5265b30947fcab8a7e9807c9 |website=Aujourd'hui |language=French |access-date=2026-03-09 |archive-date=2016-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330124704/http://www.aujourdhui-en-guinee.com/fichiers/videos6.php?code=calb12108&amp;langue=fr&amp;champ2=&amp;pseudo=rub2&amp;PHPSESSID=2f7138bc5265b30947fcab8a7e9807c9 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance Humphrey Fellow. &lt;ref name=&quot;rights&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Camara |first=Makalé |date=19 March 2015 |title=Galvanizing Strategies that Effectively Position Women's Rights Agenda in Politics |url=http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=11&amp;num=27347&amp;printer=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200925/http://news.sl/drwebsite/exec/view.cgi?archive=11&amp;num=27347&amp;printer=1 |archive-date=9 April 2017 |access-date=9 April 2017 |publisher=Awareness Times Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aiki ==
Camara ta yi aiki a wurare daban-daban na ayyukan gwamnati daga shekarun 1980 zuwa 1985. A shekarar 1986, an naɗa ta Sufeto Janar a Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a, mai alhakin dokokin aiki da kuma sasantawa tsakanin ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago da ma'aikata. Daga shekarun 1991 zuwa 2002, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Sauyi na Ƙasa na Farfaɗo wa. &lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot;/&gt;

An naɗa Camara a matsayin minista a lokacin da Guinea ke ƙarƙashin mulkin soja, a shekarar 1992 a matsayin Sakatariya ta Harkokin Jama'a, Ci gaban Mata da Yara, sannan a shekarar 1994 a matsayin Ministar Noma, Dabbobi da Gandun Daji. &lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;key&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2016 |title=Key posts for women in Guinea's new cabinet |url=http://www.enca.com/africa/key-posts-women-guinea%E2%80%99s-new-cabinet |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170409200749/http://www.enca.com/africa/key-posts-women-guinea%E2%80%99s-new-cabinet |archive-date=9 April 2017 |access-date=9 April 2017 |website=ENCA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2000 ta shugabanci Hukumar Daraktocin Ofishin Aiki da Ma'aikata na Ƙasa, kuma a lokacin [[Yakin basasa na Sierra Leone|yaƙin Liberia da Sierra Leone]] ta kasance Sakatare Janar na [[Réseau des Femmes Africaines Ministres et Parlementaires]] (REFAMP) a Guinea. &lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot; /&gt;

An naɗa Camara a matsayin Jakadiyar  Guinea a [[Senegal]], [[Gambiya|Gambia]], [[Cabo Verde|Cape Verde]] da [[Muritaniya|Mauritania]] a shekarar 2002, inda ta shafe shekaru biyar tana aiki. A shekarar 2007, an naɗa ta a matsayin Jakadiyar Guinea a [[Faransa]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Portugal]] da [[Monaco]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2 October 2025 |title=Makalé Camara |url=https://www.quiestquienguinee.com/liste-des-personnalites/p0646/makale-camara |publisher=Who is Who Guinea}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ita ce wakiliyar Guinea a [[UNESCO]], Organization internationale de la Francophonie da IBE. &lt;ref name=&quot;whois&quot;/&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatare Janar na REFAMP daga shekarun 2012 zuwa 2015 kuma ta yi magana kan [[daidaiton jinsi]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;rights&quot;/&gt;

An naɗa Camara a matsayin Ministar Harkokin Waje a gwamnatin Alpha Condé a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 2016. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moro Camara |first=Amara |date=29 January 2017 |title=Makalé Camara: &quot; les Guinéens devront s'enorgueillir du fait que leur pays va présider l'UA après plus de 50 ans&quot; |url=http://guineenews.org/makale-camara-les-guineens-devront-senorgueillir-du-fait-que-leur-pays-va-presider-lua-apres-plus-de-50-ans/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129125521/http://guineenews.org/makale-camara-les-guineens-devront-senorgueillir-du-fait-que-leur-pays-va-presider-lua-apres-plus-de-50-ans/ |archive-date=29 January 2017 |access-date=9 April 2017 |website=Guinee News |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2016 |title=Guinea president reshuffles cabinet, aims to revive economy |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/guineaNews/idAFL8N14P1HC20160105 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407024043/http://af.reuters.com/article/guineaNews/idAFL8N14P1HC20160105 |archive-date=7 April 2016 |access-date=9 April 2017 |publisher=Reuters Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita memba ce a kwamitin gudanarwa na ƙasa na &quot;Yaki da Kaciyar Al'aura&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;actualite&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 January 2016 |title=Actualité : Biographie de Mme Makalé Camara, ministre des Affaires Etrangères et des Guinéens de l'Etranger |url=http://www.conakrylive.info/fichiers/blog16.php?type=rub17&amp;langue=fr&amp;code=calb6733 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410050631/http://www.conakrylive.info/fichiers/blog16.php?type=rub17&amp;langue=fr&amp;code=calb6733 |archive-date=10 April 2017 |access-date=9 April 2017 |language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da girmamawa ==
An naɗa Camara a matsayin memba na National Order of Merit a watan Yulin 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;actualite&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1956]]</text>
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    <title>Marcia McNutt</title>
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'''Marcia Kemper McNutt''' (an haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1952) masanin kimiyyar ƙasa ce ta Amurka kuma shugabar 22 ta Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Kasa (NAS) ta Amurka . 

McNutt ita ce darakta ta 15 ta United States Geological Survey (USGS) (mace ta farko da ta rike mukamin) da kuma mai ba da shawara kan kimiyya ga Sakataren Cikin Gida na Amurka daga 2010 zuwa 2013. [1] Kafin ya yi aiki ga USGS, McNutt ya kasance shugaban kasa kuma babban jami'in zartarwa na Cibiyar Binciken Aquarium ta Monterey Bay (MBARI), cibiyar bincike ta teku a Amurka, farfesa a fannin ilimin ƙasa a Makarantar Kimiyya ta Duniya ta Jami'ar Stanford, a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz, kuma farfesa a kimiyyar ƙasa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts.

Ta yi aiki a matsayin babban edita na mujallar Science daga 2013 zuwa 2016 kuma tana da alƙawari a Scripps Institution of Oceanography .  Ita memba ce ta kwamitin ba da shawara na Kwalejin ''Kimiyya'', Injiniya, da Kiwon Lafiya na Sashen Duniya da Nazarin Rayuwa da kuma Forum on Open Science . 

McNutt ya jagoranci kwamitin shiga tsakani na yanayi na NASEM, wanda ya ba da rahotanni biyu a cikin 2015. &lt;ref name=&quot;NAS-committee&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Committee membership: Geoengineering Climate |url=http://dels.nas.edu/Committee/Committee-Geoengineering-Climate-Technical-Evaluatin/DELS-BASC-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613184847/http://dels.nas.edu/Committee/Committee-Geoengineering-Climate-Technical-Evaluatin/DELS-BASC-12-04 |archive-date=June 13, 2018 |access-date=March 11, 2014 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iyali da ilimi ==
McNutt ta kasance mai gabatar da jawabi na aji a makarantar Northrop Collegiate School (yanzu Makarantar Blake) a Minneapolis, ta kammala a shekarar 1970. Ta sami digiri na farko a fannin kimiyyar lissafi, ta kammala ''summa cum laude da'' Phi Beta Kappa, daga Kwalejin Colorado a 1973. A matsayinta na Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Kasa, sai ta yi karatun ilimin ƙasa a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, inda ta sami PhD a kimiyyar ƙasa a shekarar 1978. &lt;ref name=&quot;McNutt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 9, 2009 |title=Marcia McNutt |url=http://www.mbari.org/staff/marcia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803074041/http://www.mbari.org/staff/marcia/ |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |access-date=May 24, 2015 |publisher=Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute via Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kira rubutun ta Continental da Oceanic Isostasy . &lt;ref name=&quot;McNutt-CV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marcia McNutt: Curriculum Vitae |url=http://www.mbari.org/staff/marcia/cv.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071006174321/http://www.mbari.org/staff/marcia/cv.htm |archive-date=October 6, 2007 |access-date=May 24, 2015 |publisher=Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute via Internet Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bayan gudanar da wani ɗan gajeren alƙawari a Jami'ar Minnesota, McNutt ya yi aiki na shekaru uku a kan hasashen girgizar ƙasa a USGS a Menlo Park, California. A shekara ta 1982, ta zama mataimakiyar farfesa a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) kuma a shekarar 1988 an nada ta Griswold Farfesa na Geophysics . A baya ta yi aiki a matsayin darakta na Shirin hadin gwiwa a cikin Oceanography da Kimiyya da Injiniya na Tekun, kokarin hadin gwiwa na MIT da Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution . &lt;ref name=&quot;McNutt&quot;/&gt;

McNutt wata kungiya ce ta National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) -tabbatar da tsalle-tsalle kuma ta sami horo a cikin rushewar ruwa da sarrafa fashewa ta hanyar shirye-shiryen da Amurka Navy's Underwater Demolition Team (UDT) da Navy SEALs ke gudanarwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;McNutt-CV&quot;/&gt;

Marcia Kemper McNutt ta farko mijin Marcel Hoffmann Jr.  Ya mutu a shekarar 1988. Suna da 'ya'ya mata uku: Meredith McNutt Hoffmann, &lt;ref name=&quot;Scurci&quot; /&gt; da tagwayen iri ɗaya, Dana da Ashley Hoffmann. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lubick, Naomi |date=July 2005 |title=Marcia McNutt: Oceangoing geophysicist |url=http://www.geotimes.org/july05/profiles.html |access-date=2009-07-30 |website=Geotimes |publisher=American Geological Institute |archive-date=2017-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026221357/http://www.geotimes.org/july05/profiles.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Girls |url=http://www.ashleyandkcwedding.com/weddingparty |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323145650/http://www.ashleyandkcwedding.com/weddingparty |archive-date=23 March 2017 |access-date=23 March 2017 |website=Ashley &amp; KC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ashley Hoffmann ta kasance &quot;Miss Rodeo California&quot; a cikin 2009. Marcia McNutt kuma mai sha'awar doki ce kuma tana jin daɗin tseren ganga a kan mareenta Lulu . 

McNutt tana ɗaya daga cikin mata shida masu kimiyya da aka nuna a cikin jerin shirye-shiryen PBS (WGBH-TV) na 1995, &quot;Gano mata. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ball, Charles H. |date=March 22, 1995 |title=Faculty member, alumna among WGBH's 'Discovering Women' |url=http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/1995/wgbh-0322.html |access-date=April 10, 2011 |website=MIT Tech Talk via MIT News |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yadda ta yi fice a kimiyya tare da gidan 'ya'ya mata da taimakon da ta samu daga mai kula da gidanta, Ann, da 'yar Ann, Jocelyn Steinke ta bayyana shi a cikin &quot;Hoton wata mace a matsayin masanin kimiyya: rushe shingen da aka kirkira ta hanyar jinsi. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Steinke, Jocelyn |year=1997 |title=A portrait of a woman as a scientist: breaking down barriers created by gender-role stereotypes |url=http://homepages.wmich.edu/~steinke/projects/publications/portrait_of_a_woman_as_a_scientist.pdf |journal=Public Understanding of Science |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=409–428 |doi=10.1088/0963-6625/6/4/006 |issn=0963-6625 |s2cid=16304629 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829225910/http://homepages.wmich.edu/~steinke/projects/publications/portrait_of_a_woman_as_a_scientist.pdf |archive-date=August 29, 2017 |access-date=April 15, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1994, McNutt na ɗaya daga cikin mata 16 a Makarantar Kimiyya a MIT waɗanda suka tsara kuma suka sanya hannu kan wasika ga Dean na Kimiyya Robert Birgeneau (daga baya Shugaban UC Berkeley), suna ƙaddamar da kamfen don haskakawa da kalubalantar nuna bambancin jinsi a MIT.

McNutt da Ian Young, kyaftin din jirgin MBARI, sun yi aure a shekara ta 1996. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marcia Kemper McNutt Receives 2007 Maurice Ewing Medal |url=http://www.agu.org/about/honors/union/ewing/mcnutt_marcia.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328033536/http://www.agu.org/about/honors/union/ewing/mcnutt_marcia.shtml |archive-date=March 28, 2020 |access-date=April 10, 2011 |publisher=American Geophysical Union}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brinkerhoff, Noel |last2=Wallechinsky, David |name-list-style=amp |title=United States Geological Survey: Who is Marcia McNutt? |url=http://www.allgov.com/Appointments_and_Resignations/ViewNews/United_States_Geological_Survey__Who_is_Marcia_McNutt_100622 |access-date=April 10, 2011 |publisher=AllGov.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]]
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    <title>Mariquita Sánchez</title>
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'''Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson y de Mendeville''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson''' (1 Nuwamba 1786 - 23 Oktoba 1868), 'yar Argentina ce kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a daga Buenos Aires. Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ''masu salon salon'' birni, waɗanda &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;tertulias&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ɗinsu suka tattara manyan mutane da yawa a lokacin. Ana tunawa da ita sosai saboda an rera waƙar ƙasa ta Argentina a karon farko a gidanta, a ranar 14 ga Mayu 1813. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson Y de Mendeville |url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/genderlatam/database/wp/ |access-date=1 March 2020 |website=Heroines and Heroes in Latin American Independence |publisher=University of Nottingham }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

An yi la'akari da Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson, ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko 'yan Argentina da suka bayyana ra'ayinsu game da siyasa, a matsayin mace mafi himma a cikin juyin juya hali. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}}  

Sánchez ta auri ɗan uwanta, Martín Thompson, a shekara ta 1805. Ta rubuta wani labari da ta gani da ido da kuma bayanin gazawar mamayar da Birtaniya ta yi a Buenos Aires wanda ya nuna rashin jituwar da mazauna yankin suka ji game da mamayar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} 

Ta zama bazawara a shekarar 1819, kuma ta sake yin aure da wani Bafaranshe ɗan ƙasar waje mai suna Washington de Mendeville a shekarar 1819 ko 1820. A lokacin mulkin Juan Manuel de Rosas, ta zauna a gudun hijira a Montevideo, tana yin tafiye-tafiye lokaci-lokaci zuwa Rio de Janeiro kafin daga ƙarshe ta koma Buenos Aires bayan Yaƙin Caseros . [1] [2]

== Rayuwa ==

=== Rayuwar farko ===
An haifi Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1786 a Buenos Aires ga Cecilio Sánchez de Velasco da Magdalena Trillo. Iyalinta wani ɓangare ne na manyan 'yan mulkin mallaka na Spain na Buenos Aires kuma suna da alaƙar siyasa mai tasiri. Saboda asalin iyalinta, ta yi rayuwa mai kyau tun tana ƙarama. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} 

=== c. 1800–1819/1820 ===
Tana da shekaru 14, Sánchez ta bayyana sha'awarta ta auri Martín Jacobo de Thompson mai shekaru 23, ɗan uwanta na biyu a gefen mahaifiyarta. {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} Thompson ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ne kuma jami'i a Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Spain, ya yi karatu a Turai, kuma yana da ra'ayoyi masu ƙarfi na goyon bayan 'yancin kai. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Bayan auren Sánchez da Thompson a lokacin hunturu na 1801, iyayen Sánchez sun kori Thompson daga gidan, suna matsa mata ta auri Diego del Arco mafi tsufa daga Spain. {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} Mahaifinta ya yi amfani da alaƙar siyasa a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa ta Royal don mayar da Thompson zuwa Spain da aika Sánchez zuwa [[:es:Santa Casa de Ejercicios|Casa de Ejercicios]], &quot;wurin keɓewa na zahiri da tunani na ruhaniya wanda iyaye ke amfani da shi don hukunta da shawo kan 'ya'yansu mata marasa biyayya.&quot; {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} Lokacin da mahaifinta ya mutu a 1802, mahaifiyarta ta ci gaba da adawa da aurenta da Thompson. {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} Duk da haka, da Thompson ya dawo daga Spain, Sánchez da Thompson sun kai mahaifiyar Sánchez kotu a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1804. {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} Sánchez ta yi nasarar daukaka kara zuwa ga Viceroy Sobremonte a cikin wata wasiƙa ta 1804, tana jayayya kan al'adar aure da iyalai ke shiryawa ba tare da tuntuɓar matan da abin ya shafa ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; An ba da izinin auren Thompson ba tare da son iyalinta ba a ranar 20 ga Yuli 1804, {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} kuma sun yi aure a ranar 27 ga Yuni ko 29 ga Yuli a 1805. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

A lokacin aurenta da Thompson, Sánchez ta haifi 'ya mace da 'ya'ya maza huɗu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;  Ta kuma ƙara tabbatar da kanta a matsayin mai sha'awar zamantakewa da marubuciya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Szurmuk 2000 A House, a Home, a Nation&quot; /&gt; Sunanta ya kuma bayyana a cikin ''La Gaceta'' a ranar 9 ga Agusta 1810, tare da ambaton da ta rubuta, &quot;Martín Thompson, babban jami'in 'yan sanda, ha oblado seis onzas de oro, tres por sí y las tres restantes por su esposa, doña María de los Santos Sánchez.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ta ba da gudummawa ga fafutukar ' yancin kai ta Argentina, a cikin 1810, ta hanyar ba da gudummawar oza uku na zinariya (daidai da kimanin dala 4800 na Amurka a 2020) da kuma a 1812, ta hanyar dinka kayan aiki ga &quot;sojojin ƙasa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ta kafa salon a Buenos Aires, ta hanyar &quot;wanda hanyar sadarwa ta 'yan gudun hijira da Porteños suka haɗu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Sánchez ta dauki nauyin ''tarurrukan tertulia'', tarurrukan zamantakewa irin na salon gyaran gashi, waɗanda suka kasance daga cikin shahararrun a duk Viceroyalty, kuma waɗanda manyan mutane da jami'ai da yawa na lokacin suka halarta. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Bayan juyin juya halin, gidan Sánchez da Thompson ya zama cibiyar tarurrukan fasaha. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Szurmuk 2000 A House, a Home, a Nation&quot; /&gt; A lokacin ''tertulia'', baƙi sun yi rawa, suna buga kati, suna sauraron kiɗa, suna tattauna kasuwanci, littattafai, addini, da siyasa. {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}} Thompson shi ma jami'in siyasa ne, yana tafiya zuwa [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] a 1817 don &quot;tuntuɓi 'yantar da kai,&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; amma ya mutu a kan tafiyar dawowa a 1819. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Szurmuk 2000 A House, a Home, a Nation&quot; /&gt; Bayan mutuwar Thompson, Sánchez ya zama bazawara mai 'ya'ya biyar. {{Sfn|Shumway|2005}}

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fayil:Mariquita_Sánchez_de_Thompson_y_sus_hijos_por_Jean-Philippe_Goulu.jpg|alt=Portrait of Sánchez de Thompson and her children by Jean-Philippe Goulu, ca. late 1820s| Hoton Sánchez de Thompson da 'ya'yanta na Jean-Philippe Goulu, ca. karshen 1820s
Fayil:María_Sánchez_de_Mendeville.jpg|alt=María Sánchez de Mendeville (1845), portrait by Johann Moritz Rugendas, National Historical Museum| ''María Sánchez de Mendeville'' (1845), Hoton Johann Moritz Rugendas, [[Gidan Tarihi na Kasa (Argentina)|Gidan Tarihi na Kasa]]
Fayil:Himno_Nacional_Argentino.jpg|alt=The Argentine National Anthem being played for the first time at Sánchez de Thompson's house. Painting by Pedro Subercaseaux| Ana buga waƙar ƙasa ta Argentina a karon farko a gidan Sánchez de Thompson. Zane daga Pedro Subercaseaux
Fayil:Mariquita_Sanchez_de_Thompson.jpg|alt=The only known photographic image of Sánchez de Thompson, a daguerreotype from 1854| Hoton da aka sani kawai na Sánchez de Thompson, wani nau'in daguerreotype daga 1854
Fayil:Recoleta_141.jpg|alt=Sánchez de Thompson's resting place at La Recoleta Cemetery| Wurin hutawa na Sánchez de Thompson a La Recoleta Cemetery
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Girmamawa ==
A ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 2014, [[Google]] ta yi bikin cika shekaru 228 da haihuwa da Google Doodle . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 November 2014 |title=Mariquita Sanchez de Thompson's 228th Birthday |url=https://doodles.google/doodle/mariquita-sanchez-de-thompsons-228th-birthday/ |website=Google}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Margaret Schabas</title>
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'''Margaret Schabas''' FRSC (an haife ta a shekara ta 1954) [[Falsafa|masanin falsafa]] ce ta Kanada kuma farfesa a fannin falsafa a Jami'ar British Columbia da aka sani da aikinta a tarihin da falsafar kimiyya, musamman kimiyyar tattalin arziki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Margaret Schabas |url=https://philosophy.ubc.ca/persons/margaret-schabas/ |access-date=2019-08-01 |publisher=Department of Philosophy, University of British Columbia |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Schabas ya kuma wallafa labarai da yawa da surori na littattafai game da masu binciken Burtaniya, David Hume, [[Adam Smith]], da John Stuart Mill.

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Schabas a Toronto, Kanada . Kakanta, Barker Fairley, mahaifinta, Ezra Schabas, da ɗan'uwanta, William Schabas, duk masu karɓar Order of Canada ne. Kakar mahaifiyarta, Margaret Fairley, fitacciyar 'yar gwagwarmayar siyasa ce kuma marubuciya. Mahaifiyarta, Ann Schabas, Farfesa ce kuma Dean na Faculty of Information (tsohon Faculty na Library and Information Studies) a Jami'ar Toronto . Ɗan'uwanta Michael Schabas, sanannen mai tsara zirga-zirga ne a Burtaniya, kuma wani ɗan'uwa, Paul Schabas, Alkalin Kotun Koli na Ontario ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai Ba da Baitulmalin (Shugaba) na Law Society of Ontario . Wani ɗan'uwa, Richard Schabas, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Jami'in Kiwon Lafiya na Lardin Ontario . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 October 2016 |title=Dr. Schabas Announces Retirement after Decade as MOH |url=http://hpepublichealth.ca/media-releases/dr-schabas-announces-retirement-after-decade-moh |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629034031/http://hpepublichealth.ca/media-releases/dr-schabas-announces-retirement-after-decade-moh |archive-date=29 June 2019 |access-date=2019-08-01 |publisher=Hastings Prince Edward Public Health |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Schabas yana da BS a cikin Kiɗa (Oboe) da Falsafar Kimiyya, da kuma AM a cikin Tarihi da Falsafa na Kimiyya, duka daga Jami'ar Indiana-Bloomington. Ta kammala Ph.D. a Tarihi da Falsafar Kimiyya da Fasaha daga Jami'ar Toronto a 1983, da kuma MA a Tattalin Arziki daga Jami'an Michigan a 1985.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schabas |first=Margaret |date=2013 |title=The Oeconomy of Nature: An interview with Margaret Schabas (conducted by C. Tyler DesRoches) |url=http://ejpe.org/pdf/6-2-int.pdf |journal=Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics |language=en-US |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=66-77 (here: 66-67) |doi=10.23941/ejpe.v6i2.134 |access-date=2019-08-01 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan ilimi ==
Schabas ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison (1987-91) da Jami'ar York a Toronto (1991-2001). Ta kasance farfesa mai ziyara a Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, Jami'ar Colorado a Boulder, Jami'an Harvard, Cibiyar Fasaha ta California, Sorbonne, da Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan . A shekara ta 2001, an nada ta farfesa a sashen falsafar Jami'ar British Columbia . [5] Ta sami kyaututtuka masu yawa, inda ta kai ta Jami'ar Stanford, Jami'ar Harvard, Jami'a Duke, MIT, Cambridge, Cibiyar Max Planck, da Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta London.[1]

Schabas ya jagoranci Kwamitin Shirin Tarihin Kimiyya (1997) &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite journal |date=5–9 November 1997 |title=Annual Meeting of the History of Science Society San Diego |language=en-US |publisher=History of Science Society |doi=10.1086/383998 |s2cid=144397018}}
&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya yi aiki a Majalisar. Daga 2004-2009, ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Sashen Falsafa a UBC kuma a 2013-14, an zabe ta kuma ta yi aiki da Shugabar Tarihin Tattalin Arziki. Ta sami lambar yabo ta koyarwa daga Faculty of Arts, Jami'ar York, da kuma lambar yabo ta bincike ta Killam daga Jami'ar British Columbia  da kuma lambar girmamawa ta shekara-shekara ta Dean of Arts (2022) daga Jami'war British Columbia. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |title=Past Winners – UBC Faculty Research Awards |url=https://research.ubc.ca/sites/research.ubc.ca/files/vpri/Past_Recipients_FacultyResearchAwards_Rev.Sept2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801202001/https://research.ubc.ca/sites/research.ubc.ca/files/vpri/Past_Recipients_FacultyResearchAwards_Rev.Sept2018.pdf |archive-date=1 August 2019 |access-date=2019-08-01 |publisher=University of British Columbia |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Margaret Schabas awarded the 2022 Dean of Arts Award |url=https://philosophy.ubc.ca/news/margaret-schabas-awarded-the-2022-dean-of-arts-award/ |access-date=December 18, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2022, an shigar da ita a matsayin Fellow na Royal Society of Canada . 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thirteen UBC faculty elected to Royal Society of Canada in 2022 |url=https://academic.ubc.ca/academic-community/news-announcements/news/thirteen-ubc-faculty-elected-royal-society-canada-2022 |access-date=December 18, 2022 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A halin yanzu tana cikin edita ko kwamitin ba da shawara na mujallu da yawa, gami da Hume Studies, HOPOS, Tattalin Arziki da Falsafa, Tarihin Tattalin Ruwa na Siyasa, Jaridar Tarihin Tunanin Tattalin Tattalin arziki, da Jaridar Turai ta Tarihin Tatancin Tattalin arzikin Tattalin. Ta ba da adiresoshin jawabai da yawa, gami da Ƙungiyar Hume ta Duniya, Tarihin Tattalin Arziki, da HOPOS .

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1954]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marcia Kure</title>
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'''Marcia''' pronunciation ⓘ (an haife ta a shekarar 1970) 'yar [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Najeriya]] ce mai zane-zanen gani wadda aka fi sani da zane-zanen kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban da zane-zane waɗanda suka shafi yanayi da asalin masu ra'ayin bayan mulkin mallaka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Collections Online {{!}} British Museum |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG219861 |access-date=2021-01-30 |website=www.britishmuseum.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marcia Kure Portfolio at Purdyhicks Gallery |url=https://www.purdyhicks.com/artists/37-marcia-kure/works/ |access-date=2019-07-09 |website=www.purdyhicks.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Kure a [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]], Najeriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Susan Inglett Gallery {{!}} Marcia Kure |url=https://www.inglettgallery.com/artists/123-marcia-kure/overview/ |access-date=2019-07-09 |website=www.inglettgallery.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi horo a [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka]] a ƙarƙashin Obiora Udechukwu, ta kammala karatun digiri a fannin zane a shekarar 1994. 

== Aiki da kuma sana'a ==
Aikin farko na Kure ya mayar da hankali kan tashin hankali na siyasa da kuma wakilcin mata a cikin al'ummar uba .  Aikinta na baya ya shafi jigogi da suka shafi uwa, salon kwalliya mai kyau, salon hip-hop, da kuma gogewarta ta ƙaura. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Victoria and Albert Museum |first=Digital Media |date=2013-11-14 |title=Visual Artist in Residence: Marcia Kure |url=https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/museum-life/residency-retrospective-marcia-kure |access-date=2021-01-30 |website=www.vam.ac.uk |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sara |title=Forged and Forced Unions: Interview with Marcia Kure {{!}} Art/ctualité |url=https://www.inglettgallery.com/usr/documents/press/download_url/361/2015-03-kure_artctualite.pdf |access-date=2019-07-09 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marcia Kure - Biography |url=https://www.purdyhicks.com/artists/37-marcia-kure/biography/ |url-status= |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=Purdy Hicks Gallery |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kwatanta salon Kure da uli na zamani, al'adar zane-zane mai zurfi ta matan Igbo na gabashin Najeriya wadda ke da siffofi masu layi da ƙarancin amfani da launi. Sau da yawa tana haɗa launuka na gargajiya na Afirka, gami da goro da kofi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

Hotunan mata masu lullubi galibi suna bayyana a cikin ayyukan Kure, farawa daga ''Purdah'' a 1992. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Adams |first=Sara |date=2003 |title=Marcia Kure |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/422708 |journal=Journal of Contemporary African Art |volume=2003 |issue=18 |pages=80–83 |doi=10.1215/10757163-18-1-80}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sake duba hotunan mata masu lullubi kuma ta yi hulɗa da yadi don bincika yanayin da ke tsakanin jinsi da iko. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; An nuna aikin Kure a cikin kalandar &quot;Masu Fasaha na Afirka na Gaba&quot; ta Multichoice Africa ta 2002. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Veney, Department of Political Science |first=Moderator: Professor Cassandra |last2=Sherry Simpson-Dean |first2=executive director |last3=Kure |first3=Marcia |last4=Nkiru Nzegwu |first4=Chair of Africana Studies |date=2010-10-29 |title=Lifting Oppression as We Climb: Black Women Artists and Activism - VIDEO |url=https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/bellarmineforum/2010/schedule/7/ |journal=Bellarmine Forum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wata hira da aka yi da ita a shekarar 2015 ga ''ARTCTUALITE'', Kure ta bayyana tasirin sararin samaniya a kan aikinta, tana mai cewa &quot;tana ƙoƙarin yin jayayya ga mutanen da ba su da sarari mai faɗi,&quot; da kuma hanyoyin da ta haɗa dabarun ado na Yammacin duniya tare da na Afirka:

''Susan Inglett Gallery'' (New York), ''Purdy Hicks Gallery'' (London) da kuma ''Officeine Dell'Immagine'' (Milan) ne suka wakilci Kure. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marcia Kure |url=https://universes.art/en/sharjah-biennial/2005/sharjah-art-museum-2/marcia-kure |access-date=2019-07-09 |website=www.officinedellimmagine.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A halin yanzu tana zaune kuma tana aiki a Princeton, New Jersey da [[Kaduna (birni)|Abuja da Kaduna, Najeriya]] .

=== Nune-nunen da tarin abubuwa ===
Kure ta fara nuna wasanninta na farko a birnin New York a wani wasan kwaikwayo na rukuni a Skoto Gallery a shekarar 1995.  Nunin da ta yi ''shi kaɗai'' a shekarar 2000 a Goethe-Institut da ke Legas ya nuna wani wasan kwaikwayo inda mata sanye da burka suka yi rawa irin ta hip hop ga [[Afrobeat]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Ta yi wasu nunin fina-finai guda biyu a Purdy Hicks Gallery da ke Landan da kuma Susan Inglett Gallery da ke New York. 

An nuna ayyukan Kure a cikin nunin rukuni, a cibiyoyi kamar Gidan Tarihi na Kemper na Fasaha ta Zamani, Sabon Gidan Tarihi da ke New York, Gidan Tarihi na Barbican da ke Landan, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta Ƙasa da ke Legas, da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta WIELS da ke Brussels . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

An kuma nuna ayyukanta a Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Afirka na Ƙasa a Smithsonian Institution, [[Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya|Gidan Tarihi na Burtaniya]], Gidan Tarihi na Kwalejin Spelman na Fasaha ta Fine a Atlanta, Gidan Tarihi na Newark, Asibitin Cleveland, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha ta North Carolina, Wanås Konst Sculpture Park, Royal Institute of Art a Stockholm, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Marcia Kure: Under Skin - Royal Institute of Art Stockholm |url=https://artlyst.com/previews/marcia-kure-skin-royal-institute-art-stockholm/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Artlyst |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Centre Pompidou, [[Gidauniyar Sindika Dokolo|Sindika Dokolo Foundation]] a Luanda, Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Abuja, &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; da Cibiyar Zane ta Menil a Houston. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wall Drawing Series Marcia Kure |url=https://www.menil.org/exhibitions/358-wall-drawing-series-marcia-kure |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=The Menil Collection |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kure ta halarci tarukan fasaha na duniya, ciki har da bikin Sharjah International Biennial na 2005, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; bikin fasaha na duniya Biennial na zamani na 2006 a Seville (wanda Okwui Enwezor ya shirya), da kuma ''bikin La Triennial'' a 2013.

Daga watan Janairu zuwa Maris na 2014, Kure ya kasance mai zane a gidan adana kayan tarihi na Victoria da Albert da ke Landan. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt;

=== Kyaututtuka/kyauta/tallafi ===
Kure ta sami kyaututtuka da tallafi da dama a tsawon aikinta. A shekarar 1994, an karrama ta da kyautar [[Uche Okeke]] saboda zane. Daga baya, a shekarar 2004, ta sami kyautar tallafin karatu ta Elena Prentice Rulon-Miller da tallafin karatu na aikin tsiraru daga Makarantar Sana'o'i ta Haystack Mountain . Tsakanin 2007 da 2008, an ba ta kyautar Smithsonian Artist Research Fellowship da kuma kyautar Program Puffin Grant don ''Burqua a matsayin sassaka'' a Charleston, South Carolina .

=== Koyarwa ===
Kure ta riƙe muƙaman koyarwa a cibiyoyi daban-daban. A shekara ta 2004, ta kammala aikin koyarwa a Makarantar St. Mark's da ke Southborough, Massachusetts . [1] Kwanan nan, a shekara ta 2019, ta koyar a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Royal da ke Stockholm, Sweden. [1]

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1970]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maryamu Dinah</title>
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'''Mary Dinah''' kwararriya ce a fannin otal-otal, 'yar kasuwa mai zaman kanta, mai fafutukar [[Taimako na jin kai|kare hakkin bil'adama]] da kuma [[Mai kare ƴancin ɗan'adam|kare hakkin bil'adama]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 March 2023 |title=Mary Dinah covers Vanguard Allure magazine in style |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/life-a-style/mary-dinah-covers-vanguard-allure-magazine-in-style/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=guardian.ng |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce ta kafa kuma Shugabar Gidauniyar Mary Dinah. &lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Foundation provides education to refugees through initiative |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/foundation-provides-education-to-refugees-through-initiative/ |website=vanguardngr}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=glitzedge |date=2023-03-28 |title=Mary Dinah: Eyes On Eradicating Hunger |url=https://glitzedge.com/mary-dinah-eyes-on-eradicating-hunger/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=GLITZEDGE |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce kuma ta kafa kuma babbar darakta ta MAD Hospitality, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan baƙi da ke Landan. &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 March 2016 |title=Mary Dinah: Eyes on the job |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/mary-dinah-eyes-on-the-jobs/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=guardian.ng |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Dinah a Najeriya. Ta girma a Legas da Paris, &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;/&gt; kafin ta koma Ingila tana da shekaru 14. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ta sami karatunta na farko daga Makarantar British School of Paris da Makarantar Firamare ta St Saviour, [[Ikoyi|Ikoyi, Legas]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wande |first=S.-Davies |date=2019-12-08 |title=How Exquisite Mary Dinah bagged her 4th oxford degree |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/how-exquisite-mary-dinah-bagged-her-4th-oxford-degree/ |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; A lokacin da take makarantar sakandare a Notting Hill, Landan, wata hukumar tallan kayan kawa ta gan ta kuma ta yi mata kwalliya a fannin kwalliya da kyau. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Dinah: Stopping Hunger |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2023/03/mary-dinah-stopping-hunger/amp/ |website=Vanguard Allure}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ilimi ==
Dinah tana da digirin farko a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Nottingham . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nottingham |first=The University of |title=Mary Dinah: Positively empowering |url=https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/alumni/mary-dinah-positively-empowering |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=University of Nottingham |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta sami digirin farko a fannin Gudanar da Otal-otal na Duniya daga Jami'ar Surrey da babban matsayi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mary Dinah {{!}} University of Surrey |url=https://www.surrey.ac.uk/student-life/what-our-students-say/mary-dinah |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=www.surrey.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya, ta sami digirin difloma a fannin Kasuwanci na Duniya tare da Babban Ci gaba daga Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Jami'ar Oxford Saïd sannan ta karanci Kasuwanci a Jami'ar Harvard. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Dinah ƙwararriyar Jami'ar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ce kuma ta sami digirin digirgir daga Cibiyar Horarwa da Bincike ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNITAR) da ke [[Geneva|Geneva, Switzerland]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; A shekarar 2018, ta yi karatun Digiri na Farko a fannin Jagoranci da Manufofin Jama'a a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Alkali a Jami'ar Cambridge . &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2020-01-31 |title=' I think very critically about what I want to do, who I want to be and what I want to achieve' |url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-angels/i-think-very-critically-about-what-i-want-to-do-who-i-want-to-be-and-what-i-want-to-achieve/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Dinah ƙwararriyar mai otal ce wadda ta yi aiki da kamfanonin otal-otal daban-daban, ciki har da otal-otal na Hilton, Marriott, Four Seasons, Le Meridien, Sheraton da Starwood . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

Dinah ta kafa MAD Hospitality a shekarar 2008, wani kamfanin ba da shawara kan harkokin baƙi da ke Landan wanda ke ba da horo kan kula da otal-otal da ayyuka. Tun daga lokacin kamfanin ya faɗaɗa kuma ya bazu zuwa ga yin rajistar otal-otal na kamfanoni. [1] [2] Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Yoko, wata mai yin kayan ado na alfarma da ke Landan. [3]

== Aikin jin kai ==
Dinah ita ce ta kafa kuma babbar jami'ar gudanarwa ta Mary Dinah Foundation, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta kasa da kasa da ke magance matsalar karancin abinci da rashin abinci mai gina jiki a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka,  tana aiki tare da Manufar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa ta Zama Kiyaye Yunwa . Ta hanyar Shirinta na Zama Kiyaye Yunwa, Gidauniyar tana ba da agajin gaggawa ga 'yan gudun hijira da mutanen da suka rasa matsuguni (IDPs) da ke zaune a yankunan da ake fama da rikici da yankunan da yaki da ta'addanci ya shafa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Zuwa yanzu, Gidauniyar ta rarraba abinci da kayan abinci masu gina jiki sama da miliyan 42, galibi mata masu juna biyu da masu shayarwa, da jarirai 'yan kasa da shekara biyu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chronicles |first=Atlantic |date=2023-10-03 |title=Minawao Refugee Benefits Fully Funded University Scholarship From Mary Dinah Foundation |url=https://www.atlanticchronicles.com/minawao-refugee-benefits-fully-funded-university-scholarship-from-mary-dinah-foundation/ |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Atlantic Chronicles |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan gidauniyar sun hada da samun damar kula da lafiya, wayar da kan jama'a game da tashin hankali da ya shafi jinsi, ilimi kan tsaftar ruwa da tsaftar muhalli, da kuma ciyar da jarirai da yara kanana. Gidauniyar Mary Dinah ta fara aiki a shekarar 2006 a Gabashin London, tare da manufar taimakawa wajen gyara mata masu bukatar matsuguni da kuma fama da jaraba iri-iri. Daga baya, ta fadada ayyukanta zuwa Najeriya, inda ta fara samar da abinci ga 'yan mata a makarantun gwamnati a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] .

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Matse Uwatse</title>
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'''Matse Uwatse''' (an haife ta a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1981), wacce aka fi sani da sunanta na farko '''Matse''', ƙwararriyar 'yar Najeriya ce a fannin watsa labarai kuma mai rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo a fannin abinci.

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Uwatse a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1981 a Warri, Jihar Delta a kudancin Najeriya. Ita 'yar John Uwatse ce (injiniya) da Pat Omare ('yar kasuwa). Ita ce ta fari a cikin 'yan'uwa bakwai, tana da 'yan'uwa maza huɗu da 'yan'uwa mata uku. Ta halarci makarantar John F. Kennedy International da kuma makarantar sakandare ta Our Lady's duk a Effurun . Daga nan ta ci gaba zuwa Kwalejin Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Warri. Ta kammala karatun digiri a Jami'ar Jihar Delta, Abraka, kuma ta yi kwas a ƙasashen waje kan nazarin Faransanci a Village du Benin, Togo . [1]

== Sana'a ==

=== 2008 - 2011: &quot;Coolele Zone&quot; a Wazobia FM ===
Matse ta fara hulɗa da [[Wazobia FM]], bayan an yi mata gwaji mai nasara a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] a shekarar 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;refone&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-03-11 |title=FROM THE MAGAZINE: DOING IT BIG- AN EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH WAZOBIA FM’S (AND NOW NIGERIA INFO) MATSE UWATSE |url=https://ynaija.com/from-the-magazine-doing-it-big-an-exclusive-interview-with-wazobia-fms-and-now-nigeria-matse-uwatse/ |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=[[YNaija]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta dauki nauyin shirin tsakar rana mai suna ''Coolele Zone'', a tashar rediyo [[Nigerian English|mai magana da harshen Pidgin]] da aka kafa a shekarar 2007. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matse Quits Wazobia FM For 93.9 Nigeria Info |url=https://thenet.ng/matse-quits-wazobia-fm-resumes-as-head-of-news/ |access-date=2017-10-21 |publisher=Nigeria Entertainment Today}}&lt;/ref&gt; Karuwar shahararta saboda ƙwarewarta ga aikin watsa labarai &lt;ref name=&quot;refone&quot; /&gt; ya sa ta lashe kyaututtuka da dama, ciki har da, kyaututtukan yabo na Nigerian Broadcasters Merit Awards, [[Best of Nollywood Awards|kyaututtukan mafi kyau na Nollywood]] da kyaututtukan gaba . An kuma sanya ta a cikin jerin matasa goma mafi ƙarfi a Najeriya a kafofin watsa labarai. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-02-29 |title=AYENI ADEKUNLE, OLAMIDE ADEDEJI, MATSE UWATSE &amp; OTHERS! SEE OUR LIST OF THE TOP 10 MOST POWERFUL YOUNG NIGERIANS IN THE MEDIA! |url=https://ynaija.com/ayeni-adekunle-olamide-adedeji-matse-uwatse-others-see-our-list-of-the-top-10-most-powerful-young-nigerians-in-the-media/ |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=YNaija}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2011 - 2013: &quot;Shugaban Labarai&quot; akan Labaran Najeriya ===
A shekarar 2011, ta sanar da barin aikinta na [[Wazobia FM]] ta hanyar kafofin sada zumunta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-09-17 |title=POPULAR OAP MASTE UWATSE LEAVES WAZOBIA FM |url=http://olorisupergal.com/2011/09/17/popular-oap-maste-uwatse-leaves-wazobia-fm/ |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=[[Tosin Ajibade|OloriSupagirl.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2011 |title=Matse Uwatse leaves Wazobia FM |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2011/09/matse-uwatse-leaves-wazobia-fm.html |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=[[Linda Ikeji]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A wata hira da ta yi da ''Mujallar Encomium'', ta bayyana cewa dalilin da ya sa ta bar Wazobia FM zuwa Nigeria Info shine saboda tana son kalubalantar kanta da wani abu &quot;mai tsauri, wanda zai fadada hangen nesanta&quot;. Ta bayyana sauyin da ta samu a fannin watsa labarai daga Pidgin English zuwa English a matsayin babban kalubalenta a lokacin da take aiki a Nigeria Info FM &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=admin |year=2012 |title=Former Wazobia FM’s Matse Uwatse explains why she moved to Nigeria Info + I want to go into politics |url=http://encomium.ng/former-wazobia-fms-matse-uwatse-explains-why-she-moved-to-nigeria-info-i-want-to-go-into-politics/ |publisher=[[Encomium Magazine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Satumba na 2013, Nigeria Info ta kori Matse daga aiki, wani mataki da ta dauka a matsayin wanda bai dace ba kuma bai gode wa Allah a kan hanyar tsoffin ma'aikatanta.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Akpan |first=Joey |title=Sacked Nigeria Info OAP, Matse Uwatse Clears The Air On Why She Was Fired |url=http://www.pulse.ng/gist/sacked-nigeria-info-oap-matse-uwatse-clears-the-air-on-why-she-was-fired-id2520323.html |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=Pulse}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2013 zuwa yanzu: Canji zuwa rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo ===
A shekarar 2014, Sola Filani ta [[YNaija]] ta bayyana tasirin rediyon Najeriya a matsayin wanda ke ci gaba da &quot;ci gaba&quot; shekaru bayan ta daina zama mai son watsa shirye-shirye. Ta bayyana shawararta ta barin rediyo a matsayin wata hanya ta sake kimanta rayuwarta da kuma kusanci da sabbin iyalinta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Filani |first=Sola |date=December 2014 |title=MY FOOD DREW MY HUSBAND TO ME&quot; – MATSE UWATSE TALKS MARRIAGE &amp; MORE |url=https://ynaija.com/my-food-drew-my-husband-to-me-matse-uwatse-talks-marriage-more/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yanzu tana gudanar da wani shafin yanar gizo na abinci www.matsecooks.com. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nigerian blogs you should follow |url=http://www.cosmopolitan.ng/food-and-drink/advice/a858/11-nigerian-food-blogs-you-should-follow |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923210656/http://www.cosmopolitan.ng/food-and-drink/advice/a858/11-nigerian-food-blogs-you-should-follow/ |archive-date=2015-09-23 |publisher=Cosmopolitan}}&lt;/ref&gt; A watan Maris na 2014, ta bayyana cewa &quot;Matse Cooks&quot; zai samar da bayanai masu zurfi kan abinci da abin sha waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga al'adun Afirka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2014 |title=Media Personality Matse Uwatse Nnoli Comes Up With New Project, Launches Matse Cooks |url=http://onobello.com/matse-uwatse-nnoli/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113003413/http://onobello.com/matse-uwatse-nnoli/ |archive-date=2017-11-13 |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=Ono Bello}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Linda Ikeji]], fitacciyar mai watsa labarai, ta ruwaito cewa Matse kuma tana yin kayan ƙanshi da kayan ƙanshi na abinci a cikin adadi mai yawa na kasuwanci. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Media personality Matse Uwatse-Nnoli launches her own brand of spices |url=https://www.lindaikejisblog.com/2016/11/former-oap-matse-uwatse-nnoli-launches.html |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=[[Linda Ikeji]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2016, an sanya ta a cikin ɗaya daga cikin mata 100 mafi kwarin gwiwa a Najeriya ta hanyar [[YNaija]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 8, 2016 |title=ARUNMA OTEH, TARA FELA-DUROTOYE, YASMINE BELO-OSAGIE &amp; MORE |url=https://ynaija.com/nigeria-100-women-inspiring-influential/ |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=YNaija}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2020, an sanya ta a cikin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu rubutun ra'ayin kanka a yanar gizo na abinci 121 a duniya ta hanyar [https://socialanimal.com/blog/best-food-bloggers/ Social Animal]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} .

== Rayuwa ta sirri ==
A watan Yulin 2013, ta auri Ekemelu Bertran Nnoli. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 13, 2013 |title=He Put a Ring On It |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/he-put-a-ring-on-it-first-photos-from-oap-matse-uwatse-husband-ekemelu-nnolis-wedding/ |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=[[BellaNaija]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2014, ta haifi ɗanta na fari. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 30, 2014 |title=Matse Uwatse Nnoli Welcomes a Baby Girl |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/04/matse-uwatse-nnoli-welcomes-a-baby-girl/ |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=Bellanaija}}&lt;/ref&gt; Matse tana jin Turanci, Faransanci da harsunan [[Pidgin na Najeriya|pidgin]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;refone&quot;/&gt; Tana kuma jin ɗan Jamusanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;reftwo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chuks |first=Nwanne |date=2009-12-07 |title=Eko, how una see Matse |url=http://theguardianlifemagazine.blogspot.com.ng/2009/12/eko-how-una-see-matse.html |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2015, ta sanar a shafinta na [[Instagram]] cewa [[Abuja]] ce gidanta yanzu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gbenga |first=Bada |date=June 14, 2015 |title=Media personality relocates to Abuja |url=http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/matse-media-personality-relocates-to-abuja-id3862679.html |access-date=2017-10-16 |publisher=Pulse }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1981]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>May Ellen Mofe-Damijo</title>
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May Ellen Ezekial Mofe-Damijo (1956 - 23 Maris 1996), ko '''MEE''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 April 2016 |title=Classique Magazine {{!}} topetempler |url=https://topetempler.wordpress.com/tag/classique-magazine/ |website=topetempler.wordpress.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; '[[Ɗan jarida|'yan jarida]] Najeriya ce kuma [[marubuci]] wacce ta kasance mai wallafa [[Mujalla|mujallar]] Classique, sananne sanannen sanarwa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 April 2016 |title=PENDULUM:Ovation International:20 years of celebrating Africa |url=http://thebossnewspapers.com/pendulumovation-international20-years-of-celebrating-africa/ |website=The Boss Newspapers}}&lt;/ref&gt; da mujallar nishaɗi wacce ta daina bugawa. Mujallar ta dauki '[[ɗan jarida]] kamar [[Dele Momodu]], Ben Charles Obi, da Rudolf Okonkwo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-02-22 |title=The Lagos power list: 21 people in 21 million |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/22/the-lagos-power-list-21-people-in-21-million |access-date=2021-06-10 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-22 |title=What You Don't Know About May Ellen Ezekiel, Richard Mofe-Damijo's First &amp; Late Wife |url=https://www.elorasblog.com/2021/07/22/what-you-dont-know-about-may-ellen-ezekiel-richard-mofe-damijos-first-late-wife/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823012353/https://www.elorasblog.com/2021/07/22/what-you-dont-know-about-may-ellen-ezekiel-richard-mofe-damijos-first-late-wife/ |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=ElorasBlog |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mofe-Damijo ya kuma rubuta wasu littattafai ciki har da Dream Maker da Center Spread .

An haifi Mofe-Damijo a Takoradi, [[Ghana]] ga Owogbenu da Victoria Ezekiel . Tsakanin 1982 da 1984, ta yi aiki a matsayin '[[ɗan jarida]] ga Sunday Concord . A shekara ta 1985, ta kasance mataimakiyar [[Editing|Edita]] ga Newswatch kuma shekaru biyu bayan haka, ta zama Edita na mujallar Quality wacce yanzu ta daina aiki. Ta samar kuma ta dauki bakuncin shirin talabijin na Mee and You a tashar NTA 2 5, [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] kafin [[mutuwa]] a shekarar 1996. Bayan [[aure]] na farko wanda bai daɗe ba,  ta auri [[Richard Mofe-Damijo]], [[Ɗan wasa|ɗan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=THE UNFORGETTABLE MEE 20 YEARS GONE |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/the-unforgettable-mee-20-years-gone/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tana da 'yar mai suna Nichole Onome daga [[aure]] na baya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-04-03 |title=10 ways RMD's life has changed 21 years after first wife's demise |url=https://www.herald.ng/10-ways-rmds-life-has-changed-21-years-after-first-wifes-demise/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=herald.ng |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta mutu ne sakamakon rikitarwa da suka taso bayan tiyata a kanta don cire Fiberroid. Ta yi tiyata biyu a baya kuma don cire fibroid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-04-01 |title=THE UNFORGETTABLE MEE 20 YEARS GONE |url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/the-unforgettable-mee-20-years-gone/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da tiyata ta biyu, a ranar 23 ga Maris 1996, wanda ya haifar da mutuwarta, tana da shekaru 39 ko 40.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title=#TodayInHistory: Remembering Distinguished Journalist, MEE, 21 Years On! |url=https://www.happenings.com.ng/lifestyle/2017/03/23/todayinhistory-renowned-nollywood-actor-rmd-loses-first-wife |access-date=2020-05-26 |website=Happenings Media |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 March 2017 |title=Remembering May Ezekiel, 21 years after |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/transition/remembering-may-ezekiel-21-years-after/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Littattafai ==

* Ezekiel, May Ellen (1989). Tsakanin tsakiya. Legas: A Mee Publication.  .{{ISBN|9789783061712}}
* Ezekiel, May Ellen (1988). Dreammaker (An sake bugawa na biyu). [Nijeriya: s.n.  .{{ISBN|9783061704}}
* [Hasiya] Waƙoƙin iska: tarin daga mai ba da labari na farko na [[Najeriya]]. [[Lagos (jiha)|Legas]], [[Najeriya]]: A Mee Publication. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9783061720|&lt;bdi&gt;9783061720&lt;/bdi&gt;]]. {{ISBN|9783061720}}&amp;nbsp;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}</text>
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    <title>Tattaunawar user:Julieyay</title>
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      <comment>Mfield moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Depolar]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Julieyay]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Depolar|Depolar]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Julieyay|Julieyay]]&quot;</comment>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Depolar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Depolar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 13 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mirabelle Morah</title>
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'''Mirabelle Morah''' Listenⓘ 'yar kasuwa ce ta zamantakewa kuma ta kafa BlankPaperz Media, dandalin wallafe-wallafen dijital. Morah ta kasance memba a taron 2019 da 2020 Social Enterprise World Forum inda ta yi magana a kan &quot;Innovation in Youth Engagement,&quot; da &quot;Building Youth Movements&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=::: SEWF - Social Enterprise World Forum ::: |url=https://sewfonline.com/home/digital/speakers/#mirabella-morah |website=sewfonline.com }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ma mai karɓar Kyautar Ta Network Woman of the Future. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Her |date=October 2, 2019 |title=Meet Mirabelle Morah &amp; Wadi Ben-Hirki; Two Young Women Paving the Path and Shaping the Future. |url=https://www.hernetwork.co/meet-mirabelle-morah-two-young-women-paving-the-path-and-shaping-the-future/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
Morah ya girma ne a Calabar, [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]] ta [[Najeriya]] . Bayan makarantar sakandare, ta shiga ƙungiyar matasa ta Kirista wacce ta jaddada jagoranci, ci gaban mutum da kuma amfanin jama'a. Ta fara aikin sa kai don hidimar al'umma daga wannan lokacin kuma ta ci gaba da aikin sa kai ta hanyar jami'arta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=#LeadYoung &amp;#124; The Story of Mirabelle Morah &amp;#124; Ashoka Africa Youth |url=https://africachangemakers.ashoka.org/en/story/leadyoung-story-mirabelle-morah |website=africachangemakers.ashoka.org |access-date=2026-03-14 |archive-date=2020-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204115223/https://africachangemakers.ashoka.org/en/story/leadyoung-story-mirabelle-morah |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2020 |title=19-Year Old Mirabelle Morah Is Building A Strong Community Of Young African Writers |url=https://womenafrica.com/19-year-old-mirabelle-morah-is-building-a-strong-community-of-young-african-writers/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A watan Afrilun 2016 ta kafa BlankPaperz Media, dandalin bugawa na kan layi. Ya zuwa 2020, dandalin yana da masu ba da gudummawa sama da 170 daga ƙasashe 12 waɗanda suka buga ayyukansu ko kuma an nuna su a kan wallafe-wallafen BlankPaperz na kan layi.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Thanks to you writer and storyteller, Mirabelle Morah &amp;#124; British Council |url=https://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/blog/thanks-you-mirabelle-morah |website=www.britishcouncil.org.ng |access-date=2026-03-14 |archive-date=2024-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311190240/https://www.britishcouncil.org.ng/blog/thanks-you-mirabelle-morah |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana kuma amfani da dandalin don shirya horo, bita da irin wannan taron ga matasa, a matakin al'umma.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mirabelle Morah |url=https://www.wearefamilyfoundation.org/mirabelle-morah |website=We Are Family Foundation }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mirabelle Morah |url=https://changemakerxchange.org/changemaker/mirabelle-morah/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BBC Sounds - Rethink, Mirabelle Morah: Rethinking Ourselves |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p08j41v4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ita ce babban edita na BlankPaperz . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; A watan Janairun 2017, an sanya ta Shugabar Operations of the Calabar Youth Council for Women Rights (CYCWR), wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke zaune a Calabar, Cross River State, Najeriya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mirabelle Morah |url=https://www.f6s.com/mirabellemorah |website=F6S}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kuma ba ta tallafin karatu don shiga cikin Nazarin Cibiyoyin Amurka (SUSI) don Shirin Shugabannin Dalibai na 2017. An gudanar da shirin ne a Jami'ar Jihar California kuma ta yi karatun kasuwanci na zamantakewa, shiga cikin jama'a da ƙwarewar jagoranci.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 March 2020 |title=Women should have access to opportunities they deserve – Morah |url=https://punchng.com/women-should-have-access-to-opportunities-they-deserve-morah/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mirabelle Morah – SEWF 2019 |url=https://www.sewf2019.org/speakers-list/mirabelle-morah/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929050448/https://www.sewf2019.org/speakers-list/mirabelle-morah/ |archive-date=September 29, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta shiga cikin Nazarin Burtaniya na Burtaniya na 2018 Video Challenge kuma ta lashe. Saboda haka an ba ta tafiyar karatu zuwa Jami'ar Gloucestershire a Burtaniya, a kan Media &amp; Journalism . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto2&quot; /&gt;

A cikin 2018 an zaba ta a matsayin daya daga cikin 33 Global Teen Leaders by We Are Family Foundation saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga zaman lafiya da ilimi.[1][2] An kuma girmama ta a matsayin Ashoka Changemaker da Ashoka Africa Youth Champion . [3] Morah ta yi karatun Turanci da Nazarin Littattafai a Jami'ar Calabar, Najeriya . Lokacin da ta kammala karatu a shekarar 2019, ta yi tafiya zuwa Austria a lokacin rani na 2019, don yin aiki tare da ƙungiyar tallace-tallace da sadarwa na Salzburg Global Seminar a matsayin mai shiga tsakani.[4] An kuma sanya ta wakilin kasar Najeriya don Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs) Common Futures Conversations Platform wanda ke mai da hankali kan inganta mahimman tattaunawar manufofi tsakanin matasa a Afirka da Turai.[5][6]

== Kyautar ==

* Kyautar Mace ta Cibiyar Nazarin Nan gaba ta 2018 &lt;ref name=&quot;auto1&quot;/&gt;

== Littattafan littafi ==

* Ya Kyakkyawan Afirka! &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our Beautiful Africa - Mirabelle Morah - Wattpad |url=https://www.wattpad.com/story/9041960-our-beautiful-africa |website=www.wattpad.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1988]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mfoniso Udofia</title>
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'''Mfoniso Udofia''' ɗan Najeriya ne mai ba da labari, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma malami wanda aikinsa ke kan rayuwar baƙi na Najeriya a cikin Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Interview: Mfoniso Udofia, &quot;The Ufot Family Cycle&quot; |url=https://kpfa.org/area941/episode/interview-mfoniso-udofia-the-ufot-family-cycle/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=KPFA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayyukan da aka fi sani da su daga Udofia sun haɗa da: Sojourners,  Her Portmanteau,   ''runboyrun'' da In Old Age &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-02 |title=Review: Exquisitely awkward family reunion onstage at ACT |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/03/02/review-exquisitely-awkward-family-reunion-onstage-at-act/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; --- duk suna wasa daga cikin wasanta na tara Ufot Cycle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-07 |title='Her Portmanteau' Is a Moving, Complicated Intergenerational Portrait |url=https://sfist.com/2019/03/07/her-portmanteau-is-a-moving-complicated-inter-generational-portrait/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=SFist - San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, &amp; Sports |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928012851/https://sfist.com/2019/03/07/her-portmanteau-is-a-moving-complicated-inter-generational-portrait/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Janiak |first=Lily |date=April 4, 2019 |title=Review: 'In Old Age' looks young again at Magic Theatre |url=https://datebook.sfchronicle.com/theater/review-in-old-age-looks-young-again-at-magic-theatre |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Datebook |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kuma yi aiki a fim / talabijin a matsayin marubuciya-mai gabatarwa a kan shirye-shirye kamar Little America, Pachinko, A League of Their Own da Showtime's, Let the Right One In .

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
A cikin shekarun 1970s, iyayen Udofia sun yi hijira daga Najeriya zuwa Houston, Texas, a ƙarshe sun zauna a Worcester, MA.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Playwright Mfoniso Udofia '06 Reflects on Failing Forward |url=http://www.wellesley.edu/news/2017/stories/node/119416 |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=Wellesley College |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Udofia ta ci gaba da kammala karatun digiri a fannin kimiyyar siyasa daga Kwalejin Wellesley . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wellesley College |url=http://www.wellesley.edu/ |access-date=2020-11-20 |website=Wellesley College |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Udofia daga nan ta ci gaba da karatunta a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Conservatory na Amurka . Bayan kammala karatunta tare da MA a cikin Acting Udofia ta koma New York don aiki a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo. Bayan kammala karatunsa, Udofia ta fara rubuta wasannin da suka shafi kwarewar baƙi na Najeriya a Amurka. Ta kuma ba da shawara ga rapper Marcus Orelias, yayin da ya halarci gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Conservatory na Amurka.

== Ayyuka ==
Bayan kammala karatunta na Masters a Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Conservatory na Amurka, Udofia ta koma Birnin New York kuma ta fara rubuta wasan kwaikwayo. Wasan farko da ta rubuta shi ne The Grove, wasan da zai ci gaba da zama shigarwa ta biyu a cikin sake zagayowar wasanni tara mai suna, The Ufot Cycle . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; ''''Tsarin Ufot'''' ya biyo bayan dangin baƙi na Najeriya a cikin tsararraki da ke kewaya rayuwarsu da asalin su a Amurka. Wasanni ta yi karatu da / ko samarwa a: New York Theatre Workshop, American Conservatory Theater, Magic Theater, The Playwrights Realm, Boston Court, Denver Center Stage, Berkeley Rep, The National Black Theater, Manhattan Theatre Club, MCC da McCarter Theatre. An haɓaka aikinta a: Hedgebrook, Sundance Theatre Lab, Space on Ryder Farm, New Black Fest da sauransu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.mfonisoudofia.com/ |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Mfoniso Udofia |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


A cikin 2018 ta fara rubutu don talabijin, ta fara ne a matsayin marubucin ma'aikata don kakar wasa ta 3 ta Netflix, 13 Reasons Why . Ta ci gaba da rubutawa don shirye-shiryen talabijin sama da takwas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mfoniso Udofia |url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm4466705/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Justin |first=Neal |date=16 September 2022 |title=Minnesota's Playwrights' Center gets kudos from TV's hottest writers |url=https://www.startribune.com/tvs-hottest-writers-share-how-minnesotas-playwrights-center-gave-them-a-boost/600207338/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Star Tribune }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wasanni na Ufot ==
Ya zuwa Oktoba 2025, an samar da bakwai daga cikin jerin wasanni tara da suka hada da Ufot Cycle Plays kuma / ko shirya su: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Ufot Family Plays |url=https://www.bostontheatrescene.com/the-ufot-family-plays/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== #8. ''A Tsohon zamani'' ===

=== #1. ''Masu ba da abinci'' ===

* Oktoba 31 - Disamba 1, 2024
* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Huntington

=== #2. ''Garin Gishiri'' ===

* Fabrairu 7 - Maris 9, 2025
* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Calderwood / Wimberly

=== #3. ''runboyrun'' ===

* Maris 13, 2025 a ɗakin karatu na jama'a na Boston GBH Studio
* Maris 14, 2025 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Huntington

=== #4. ''Portmanteau'' ===

* Maris 27 - Afrilu 20, 2025
* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tsakiya

=== #5. ''Kufre a Quay'' ===

* Yuli 10th - Yuli 26th, 2025
* Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Boston

=== #6. ''Bikin'' ===

* Satumba 11 - Oktoba 5, 2025
* Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Joan &amp; Edgar Booth

=== Farko na gaba sune ===
Tushen: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 October 2024 |title=And then There Were 9: Boston Embraces the Ufot Cycle |url=https://www.americantheatre.org/2024/10/22/and-then-there-were-9-boston-embraces-the-ufot-cycle/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 7. ''An ɗaga shi'' (2026) 
* 8. A cikin Tsohon Shekara (2026) 
* 9. ''Adiaha da Clora Snatch''

== Kyaututtuka / Daraja ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Shekara
!Kyautar
!Sashe
!Ayyuka
!Sakamakon
!Tabbacin.
|-
|2024
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |Kyautar Steinberg Playwright
|
|-
|2021
|Kyautar Horton Foote
|
|
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rabinowitz |first=Chloe |title=Dramatists Guild Announces 2021 Horton Foote Award Recipients |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/industry/article/Dramatists-Guild-Announces-2021-Horton-Foote-Award-Recipients-20210604 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Edgerton New Play Award
|
|''A Tsohon zamani''
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In Old Age - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2018/in-old-age?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|Kyautar Helen Merrill don Rubuce-rubuce
|
|
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-06-19 |title=The Legacy of Helen Merrill: A Love of Theater Lives On |url=https://www.nycommunitytrust.org/newsroom/the-legacy-of-helen-merrill-a-love-of-theater-lives-on/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=The New York Community Trust |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017-2018
|PWC McKnight National Residence da Hukumar
|
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-06-01 |title=Mfoniso Udofia awarded 2017-18 McKnight National Residency and Commission |url=https://pwcenter.org/news/mfoniso-udofia-awarded-2017-18-mcknight-national-residency-and-commission |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=Playwrights' Center |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016-2025
|Sabbin Masu Wasan kwaikwayo
|
|
|
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mfoniso Udofia {{!}} New Dramatists |url=https://newdramatists.org/mfoniso-udofia |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=newdramatists.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|Edgerton New Play Award
|
|''Portmanteau''
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sojourners &amp; Her Portmanteau - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2016/sojourners--her-portmanteau?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|Edgerton New Play Award
|
|''runboyrun''
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Run Boy Run - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2015/run-boy-run?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|Edgerton New Play Award
|
|''Masu ba da abinci''
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sojourners - Edgerton Foundation New Play Awards |url=https://circle.tcg.org/edgertonfoundationnewplayawards/2015/sojourners?ssopc=1 |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=circle.tcg.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|Jerin Kilroy na shekara-shekara na biyu
|
|''Masu ba da abinci''
|Ya ci nasara
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-04-27 |title=The List 2015 |url=https://thekilroys.org/list-2015/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Marubutan Najeriya]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mary Young Pickersgill</title>
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'''Mary Pickersgill''' (an haife ta a matsayin '''Mary Young''' ; Fabrairu 12, 1776 - Oktoba 4, 1857) diki ce 'yar Amurka wacce aka sani da mai yin tutar Star-Spangled da aka ɗaga a kan Fort McHenry a lokacin Yaƙin Baltimore a Yaƙin 1812. 'Yar wani fitaccen mai yin tutar, Rebecca Young, Pickersgill ta koyi sana'arta daga mahaifiyarta, kuma a shekara ta 1813 Manjo George Armistead ya ba ta umarni ta yi tutar Fort McHenry ta Baltimore wadda ta yi girma sosai har Birtaniya ba za ta yi wahalar ganinta daga nesa ba. An kafa tutar a watan Agusta 1813, kuma, a lokacin Yaƙin Baltimore shekara guda bayan haka, Francis Scott Key ya iya ganin tutar yayin da yake tattaunawa kan musayar fursunoni a cikin jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya kuma an yi masa wahayi zuwa ga rubuta kalmomin da suka zama taken ƙasar Amurka a 1931.

Pickersgill, wacce ta mutu tana da shekaru 29, ta sami nasara sosai a kasuwancinta na yin tutar ƙasa har ta kai ga a shekarar 1820 ta sami damar siyan gidan da take haya a Baltimore, daga baya kuma ta fara aiki wajen magance matsalolin zamantakewa, kamar gidaje da aikin yi ga mata marasa galihu. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Daga 1828 zuwa 1851, ta kasance shugabar ƙungiyar mata masu zaman kansu wadda aka kafa a 1802 kuma aka kafa ta a 1811, kuma ta taimaka wa iyalai matalauta da [[Shafin makaranta|takardun shaidar makaranta]] ga yara da kuma aikin yi ga mata. A ƙarƙashin jagorancin Pickersgill, wannan ƙungiya ta gina gida ga tsofaffi mata kuma daga baya ta ƙara gidan tsofaffi maza wanda aka gina kusa da shi. Waɗannan, sama da ƙarni ɗaya bayan haka, sun rikide zuwa ƙungiyar Pickersgill Retirement Community na Towson, Maryland wadda aka buɗe a 1959.

Pickersgill ta mutu a shekarar 1857 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Loudon Park da ke kudu maso yammacin Baltimore, inda 'yarta ta gina mata abin tunawa, kuma inda wasu ƙungiyoyi masu ra'ayin jama'a suka gina wani allo na tagulla daga baya. Gidan da Pickersgill ta zauna tsawon shekaru 50, a kusurwar arewa maso yamma na Albemarle da East Pratt Streets a tsakiyar birnin Baltimore, ya zama sananne a matsayin Gidan Tutar Banner Mai Tauraro a 1927. An ceto gidan ta hanyar ƙoƙarin 'yan ƙasa da yawa masu ra'ayin kiyayewa waɗanda suka sami kwarin gwiwa daga Bikin Ƙarni na 1914.

== Rayuwar farko ==
[[Fayil:Baltimore_Star-Spangled_Banner_Flag_House_seen_from_the_southeast.jpg|thumb|Gidan Tutar Banner Mai Tauraro]]
An haifi Mary Young a [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] a ranar 12 ga Fabrairu, 1776, ita ce ƙarama daga cikin 'ya'yan William Young da Rebecca Flower shida.  Mahaifiyarta, wadda ta zama bazawara lokacin da Mary ke da shekaru biyu, tana da shagon sayar da tutoci a titin Walnut da ke Philadelphia inda ta yi tutoci, tutocin sojoji da &quot;Launin Nahiyar&quot; ga Rundunar Sojojin Nahiyar . Tallarta ta 1781 a cikin ''&quot;Packet na Pennsylvania&quot;'' ta ce, &quot;Duk nau'ikan launuka, na Sojoji da Sojojin Ruwa, an yi su kuma an sayar da su bisa sharuɗɗa mafi dacewa, Daga Rebecca Young.&quot;  Young ta ƙaura da iyalinta zuwa Baltimore, Maryland lokacin da Mary ke ƙarama, kuma daga mahaifiyarta ne Mary ta koyi sana'ar yin tutoci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Leepson, chapter 5&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 2 ga Oktoba, 1795, tana da shekaru 19, Mary ta auri John Pickersgill, wani ɗan kasuwa, ta koma Philadelphia tare da shi.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Maryland Women's Hall of Fame, 2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maryland Commission for Women |year=2002 |title=Maryland Women's Hall of Fame |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/pickersgill.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120813182718/http://www.msa.md.gov/msa/educ/exhibits/womenshall/html/pickersgill.html |archive-date=13 August 2012 |access-date=14 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga cikin 'ya'yan Mary huɗu, ɗaya kawai ta tsira daga yarinta, 'ya mace mai suna Caroline. Mijin Mary ya yi tafiya zuwa Landan don yin aiki a Ofishin Da'awar Burtaniya, amma ya mutu a [[Landan]] a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1805, wanda ya bar Mary ta zama bazawara tana da shekaru 29. A shekarar 1807 Mary ta koma Baltimore tare da 'yarta Caroline da mahaifiyarta Rebecca mai shekaru 67. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maryland State Archives |year=2006 |title=Archives of Maryland |url=http://www.msa.md.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc3500/sc3520/012400/012457/html/12457bio.html |access-date=14 June 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙaramin iyalin sun yi hayar gida a lamba 44 Queen Street (daga baya 844 East Pratt Street, wanda ya zama Star Spangled Banner Flag House da 1812 Museum ), inda Pickersgill ta ɗauki masu shiga jirgin ruwa ta buɗe kasuwancin yin tuta, tana sayar da &quot;ka'idodin siliki, launukan doki da na rarrabawa na kowane irin fasali.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Maryland Women's Hall of Fame, 2002&quot;/&gt;  Abokan cinikinta sun haɗa da Sojojin Amurka, Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka, da jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci da ke ziyartar su. &lt;ref name=&quot;Maryland Women's Hall of Fame, 2002&quot; /&gt;

== Tutar Fort McHenry ==
[[Fayil:Star-Spangled_Banner_flag.svg|left|thumb|{{Center|The [[Star-Spangled Banner (flag)|Star-Spangled Banner]]}}]]

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Michelle D. Johnson</title>
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'''Michelle D. Johnson''' (an haife ta kimanin shekara ta 1959) Laftanar Janar ce mai ritaya a [[United States Air Force|Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka]] kuma tsohuwar mataimakiyar shugaban ƙasa kuma shugabar ayyukan alkalai na [[National Basketball Association|Ƙungiyar Kwando ta Ƙasa]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;NBA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Retired Air Force Lieutenant General Michelle D. Johnson named NBA Senior Vice President and Head of Referee Operations |url=http://www.nba.com/article/2017/10/12/nba-michelle-johnson-senior-vice-president-referee-operations |access-date=27 April 2018 |website=NBA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Johnson ita ce shugabar makarantar horar da sojojin sama ta Amurka ta 19, mace ta farko da ta jagoranci wata makarantar horar da sojojin sama ta Amurka . Matsayinta na baya shi ne Mataimakiyar Shugabar Ma'aikata, Ayyuka da Leken Asiri, hedikwatar koli ta Allied Powers Europe da ke Casteau, Belgium. Ta taba zama Darakta, Dabaru, Manufofi, Shirye-shirye da Jigilar Kaya, Rundunar Sufuri ta Amurka a sansanin sojojin sama na Scott . Johnson ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar darakta kan bayanai da manufofin sararin samaniya ta yanar gizo, Tsarin Dabaru da Daraktan Manufofi a Pentagon .

A matsayinta na yar kadet a Kwalejin Sojojin Sama, Johnson ita ce mace ta farko da ta yi aiki a matsayin kwamandan reshen kadet (babban jami'in kadet), kuma ta fito a ƙungiyar ƙwallon kwando ta mata, inda ta samu maki sama da 1,700. &lt;ref name=&quot;rhodesProject&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Profile with Michelle Johnson |url=http://rhodesproject.com/michelle-johnson-profile/ |access-date=12 April 2016 |website=The Rhodes Project}}&lt;/ref&gt;  An naɗa ta a matsayin Academic All-American sau biyu kuma an shigar da ita cikin Academic All-American Hall of Fame a 2007, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama mace ta farko daga Kwalejin kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri shida kacal da wannan matsayi. Haka kuma, an zaɓe ta a matsayin mace ta farko a Kwalejin [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Rhodes Scholar]] a shekararta ta farko (babba), kuma ta kammala karatun digiri na farko a fannin binciken ayyuka a&amp;nbsp;1981.

An karrama Johnson a matsayin matukin jirgin sama da kuma matukin jirgin ruwa, a matsayin wacce aka karrama a matsayin Jami'ar Daraja ta Kwalejin Brasenose da ke [[Jami'ar Oxford|Oxford]] a shekarar 2013, kuma ta sami kyautar Mata ta Shekara ta Amurka ta 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;ALAaward&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baillie |first=Amber |date=2014-09-02 |title=Academy supt. honored as ALA Woman of the Year |url=https://www.usafa.af.mil/news/story?id=123423215 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001745/http://www.usafa.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123423215 |archive-date=2014-09-11 |access-date=2014-09-09 |publisher=[[United States Air Force Academy]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ba Johnson tauraro (#42) a shirin The Flag for Hope a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2016 domin girmama ta da ta yi a aikin soja. &lt;ref name=&quot;Flag for Hope&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-10-13 |title=Lietenant General Michelle Johnson – Flag for Hope Star #42 |url=http://flagforhope.com/star-42-lt-general-michelle-johnson |access-date=2016-10-13 |publisher=[[Flag for Hope]] }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ilimi da horo ==

* Makarantar Sakandare ta Spencer, Iowa a shekarar 1977
* 1981 Babban digirin digirgir, digirin farko na Kimiyya a binciken ayyuka, Kwalejin Sojojin Sama ta Amurka, Colorado Springs, Colorado .
* A shekarar 1983 [[Tallafin karatu na Rhodes|Rhodes Scholar]], digiri na biyu a fannin siyasa da tattalin arziki, Kwalejin Brasenose, Oxford, [[Ingila]] . A Kwalejin Brasenose, Johnson ya yi karatu tare da Vernon Bogdanor da Peter Sinclair waɗanda suka kuma koyar da [[David Cameron]], tsohon [[Firayim Minista na United Kingdom|Firayim Ministan Burtaniya.]]
* Makarantar Jami'an Rundunar Soja ta 1987, a sansanin sojojin sama na Maxwell, [[Alabama]] .
* Kwalejin Sojojin Sama da Ma'aikata ta 1991, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* Kwalejin Yaƙin Sama ta 1996, ta hanyar wasiƙu
* 1999 Digiri na biyu a fannin dabarun tsaron ƙasa, Kwalejin Yaƙin Ƙasa, Fort Lesley J. McNair, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]
* 2002 Jami'in Gudanar da Tsaron Ƙasa, Jami'ar Syracuse, New York
* Shirin Manyan Jami'an Gudanarwa na 2005, [[Jami'ar Harvard]], Cambridge, Massachusetts
* 2007 Fellow, Seminar XXI&amp;nbsp;— Siyasar Ƙasashen Waje, Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya da Bukatun Ƙasa, Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts, Cambridge, Massachusetts
* Kwas ɗin Yaƙin Hadin Gwiwa na Jami'an Tutar 2011, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
* Taron Karawa Juna Sani na Harvard na 2013 ga Sabbin Shugabannin Kasashe, Makarantar Ilimi ta Digiri na Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.

== Aikin soja ==
Johnson ta halarci horon matukan jirgi a sansanin sojojin sama na Williams da ke Arizona daga watan Mayu na 1983 zuwa Yuli na 1984, kuma ta kammala horon cancantar C-141 na watanni uku a Altus AFB, Oklahoma, a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar.

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marere wa Mwachai</title>
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'''Marerere Mwarapayo wa Mwachai''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Kenya kuma ta kasance 'yar majalisar dokoki (MP) a mazaɓar Msambweni daga shekarun 1997 zuwa 2002. Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar ministar Jinsi, Al'adu da Ayyukan Jin Daɗin Jama'a. Ta sha kaye a zaɓen mazaɓar Msambweni a shekarar 1992 ga Kassim Mwamzandi. Ta kuma sha kaye a zaɓen shekara ta 2002 ga Abdalla Ngozi. Mwachai ta yi aiki a matsayin malamar makaranta kafin ta shiga siyasa.

== Takaddama ==
A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1999, kotu ta umarci Mwachai da ta biya Jones Munyaga Ksh. 58,000 saboda kai masa hari a lokacin da yake bakin aiki. Munyaga ya yi ikirarin cewa ya hana Mwachai shiga Makarantar Shirye-shiryen St. Augustine a ranar Lahadi da yamma. 'Yar Mwachai ɗaliba ce a makarantar, kuma Munyaga tana aiki a matsayin mai gadi na dare. Dokokin makarantar ba su ba da izinin zuwa ziyara a ranar Lahadi ba. Lokacin da ya toshe ta, Mwachai ta gaya wa jami'an tsaronta su ɗaure shi su kuma tilasta mata shiga makarantar. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=And another minister has a little trouble with the law – Daily Nation |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/news/1056-380584-l7eenhz/index.html |access-date=1 July 2017 |website=Nation.co.ke }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yunin 2017, ɗan da ta ɗauka, Shaahidin Rajab, ya zarge Mwachai da laifin barin sa. Mwachai ta ɗauki Rajab daga gidan yara na Mama Fatuma Goodwill da ke Eastleigh, Nairobi. Duk da haka, ya ce yana aiki fiye da kima a gidan Mwachai kuma shi ne mutum na farko da ake zargi a duk lokacin da kayan gida suka lalace. Duk da haka, Mwachai ta zarge shi da kasancewa yaro mai matsala wanda ya sha fuskantar shari'a sau da yawa. Mwachai ta ce duk da cewa ya yi masa tarbiyya a Makarantar Firamare ta Msambweni daga aji ɗaya zuwa takwas, Rajab yana ta jayayya da 'yarta ta fari yana satar abubuwa a gidan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ishaq Jumbe |date=20 May 2017 |title=Mheshimiwa adopted, then kicked me out – Entertainment News |url=https://www.sde.co.ke/thenairobian/article/2001240431/mheshimiwa-adopted-then-kicked-me-out |access-date=1 July 2017 |website=Sde.co.ke }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Martaba ==
Mwachai ita ce mace ta farko a yankin bakin teku da aka zaɓa a matsayin 'yar majalisa.

A shekara ta 2002 bayan da shugaban ƙasa na wancan lokacin Daniel Arap Moi ya sanar da cewa Uhuru Kenyatta ne zai zama ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa na KANU, manyan membobin KANU da yawa sun fice daga jam'iyyar. Mwachai tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kaɗan da suka tsaya a wurin kuma suka goyi bayan Uhuru don zama shugaban ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 August 2002 |title=Coastal Leaders Back Moi On Succession |url=https://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-90520121/coastal-leaders-back-moi-succession |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233027/https://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-90520121/coastal-leaders-back-moi-succession |archive-date=16 August 2017 |access-date=1 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A watan Yulin 2017, ta tsaya takarar 'yar majalisar Msambweni a mazabar New Vision Party kuma ta sha kaye. Ita ce kuma sakatariyar jam'iyyar. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

A shekarar 2022 Mwachai ta rasa kujerar majalisar dokokin Msambweni a hannun Feisal Bader.ref&gt;https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2020-12-16-feisal-bader-dethrones-odm-in-msambweni-by-election/&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Mary Coon Walters</title>
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'''Mary Coon Walters''' (Janairu 29, 1922 - Afrilu 4, 2001) ita ce mace ta farko da ta zama alkaliyar Kotun Koli ta New Mexico, mace ta farko a New Mexico da ta zama alkaliyar gunduma, kuma shugabar farko ta [[Ƙungiyar Siyasa ta Mata ta Kasa|ƙungiyar siyasa ta mata ta New Mexico]] .

== Rayuwar farko da aikin soja ==
An haifi Mary Coon Walters a Mary Coon a Baraga, Michigan a ranar 29 ga Janairu, 1922. A shekarar 1942, tana da shekaru 20, ta shiga Matan Jiragen Sama na Sojojin Sama .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meet all 38 of Michigan's original World War II fly girls |url=http://www.freep.com/story/news/2017/11/10/38-michigan-world-war-ii-fly-girls-women-airforce-service-pilots-wasp/849997001/ |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; An tura ta zuwa filin jirgin saman Hondo Army, tana tuka jirgin C-45 Expeditor a matsayin matukin jirgin sufuri.  Walters sun yi yaƙi a Yaƙin Koriya kafin su bar soja a 1955. 

== Rayuwa daga baya ==
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Dokar GI, Walters ta sami shiga Makarantar Shari'a ta Jami'ar New Mexico, kuma an shigar da ita cikin lauyoyi a shekarar da ta kammala karatunta a 1962. Walters ta yi aiki a matsayin wakiliya a taron kundin tsarin mulki na New Mexico na 1969. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Albuquerque Journal Obituaries |url=http://obits.abqjournal.com/obits/show/97351 |access-date=2017-11-07 |website=obits.abqjournal.com |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1972, Bruce King ya naɗa Walters a matsayin Alkalin Alkalai a Albuquerque, New Mexico, wanda ya sanya Walters mace ta farko a New Mexico da ta zama alkali a gunduma. Walters ta zama mace ta farko a Kotun Koli ta New Mexico lokacin da Toney Anaya ta naɗa ta wa'adi wanda ya fara a ranar 13 ga Disamba, 1984, kuma an sake zaɓenta zuwa wa'adi wanda ya fara a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1984.     Ita ce kuma shugabar farko ta [[Ƙungiyar Siyasa ta Mata ta Kasa|ƙungiyar siyasa ta mata ta New Mexico]] .  Tana cikin rukunin mata na farko da aka shigar a [[New Mexico Women's Hall of Fame|zauren shahara na mata na New Mexico]] a 1986. 

== Mutuwa da gado ==
Walters ta mutu a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 2001. An kafa wata alama ta tarihi da ke nuna gudunmawarta a mahadar Tucker Avenue NE da Yale Boulevard NE, a Albuquerque, New Mexico. [1] [2] [3] A shekara ta 2007, Kotun Koli ta New Mexico ta naɗa ta Babbar Alkali ta Kotun Koli ta New Mexico kuma ta ba da umarnin a nuna hotonta a Ginin Kotun Koli ta New Mexico da ke cikin Zauren Babban Alkalai. [4]

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin lauyoyi da alkalai mata na farko a New Mexico

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2001]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Margaret Murdock</title>
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'''Margaret Thompson Murdock''' (an haife ta a ranar 25 ga watan Agusta, shekara ta 1942) ma'aikaciyar jinya ce kuma tsohuwar jami'in Sojojin Amurka da aka fi sani da nasararta a gasar harbi ta duniya, gami da lambar azurfa a gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 1976.

Murdock ita ce mace ta farko da ta lashe lambar yabo a harbi a gasar Olympics ta bazara kuma ta farko da ta lashe gasar cin kofin duniya ta bude. &lt;ref name=&quot;tcj2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=August 26, 2011 |title=No. 5: Murdock didn't miss upon getting her shot |url=http://cjonline.com/sports/2011-08-26/murdock-didnt-miss-upon-getting-her-shot |access-date=2012-08-11 |publisher=[[The Topeka Capital-Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gasar kasa da kasa, Murdock ta kafa tarihi guda hudu na duniya da kuma tarihi guda tara na kungiyar. &lt;ref name=&quot;tcj2011&quot; /&gt; Ita mamba ce a cikin manyan dakunan tarihi guda biyar, ciki har da USA Shooting Hall of Fame da Kansas Sports Hall of Fame . &lt;ref name=&quot;tcj2011&quot; /&gt;

== Gasa ==
Murdock ita ce Zakaran Duniya na 1966 a Gasar Rifle ta Mata ta Standard Rifle. [1] A shekarar 1967 ta lashe lambobin zinare biyu a gasar ƙaramar bindiga a gasar Pan American Games kuma ta kafa tarihi a duniya, ga maza ko mata, a gasar harbin bindiga mai durƙusa.

Murdock ta rasa damar shiga wasannin 1968 a birnin Mexico . &lt;ref name=&quot;tcj2011&quot;/&gt; Ta zama mace ta farko da ta taɓa shiga ƙungiyar harbin Olympics ta Amurka ( a 1976 ) kuma mace ta farko da ta lashe lambar yabo a harbin a wasannin Olympics. &lt;ref name=&quot;smd2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Nolan |date=June 18, 2010 |title=20 Inspirational Female Athletes Who Won In a &quot;Man's Sport&quot; |url=http://sportsmanagementdegree.org/2010/20-inspirational-female-athletes-who-won-in-a-mans-sport/ |access-date=2012-08-11 |publisher=SportsManagementDegree.org |archive-date=2016-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512200111/http://sportsmanagementdegree.org/2010/20-inspirational-female-athletes-who-won-in-a-mans-sport/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; A wasan ƙarshe, maki nata ya yi daidai da Lanny Bassham, kyaftin ɗin ƙungiyar Amurka, &lt;ref name=&quot;smd2010&quot; /&gt; amma an doke ta da azurfa saboda dokar da ta karya kunnen doki wadda ta auna bugun ƙwallo 10 na ƙarshe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=“She deserved gold”: Montreal '76 team-mates Bassham and Murdock on embodying the Olympic spirit - Olympic News |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/she-deserved-gold-montreal-76-team-mates-bassham-and-murdock-on-embodying-the-ol |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507223937/https://olympics.com/en/news/she-deserved-gold-montreal-76-team-mates-bassham-and-murdock-on-embodying-the-ol |archive-date=2021-05-07 |access-date=2025-07-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dokokin Olympics sun hana harbin ƙwallo, wanda Bassham ya nema. &lt;ref name=&quot;smd2010&quot; /&gt; A lokacin waƙar ƙasa, Bassham ya ja Murdock ya tsaya tare da shi a kan lambar zinare a kan dandamali. &lt;ref name=&quot;smd2010&quot; /&gt; A 1992 an naɗa ta a [[U.S. International Shooting Hall of Fame|Zauren Harbi na Duniya na Amurka]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;smd2010&quot; /&gt;

== Aikin bayan gasar ==
Murdock ya yi ritaya daga gasar harbi yana da shekaru 35, &lt;ref name=&quot;tcj2011&quot;/&gt; ya zama ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista, ƙwararre a fannin maganin sa barci . &lt;ref name=&quot;hickokbio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Murdock, Margaret L. (Thompson) |url=http://www.hickoksports.com/biograph/murdockmargaret.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125025939/http://www.hickoksports.com/biograph/murdockmargaret.shtml |archive-date=2013-01-25 |access-date=2012-08-11 |website=Sports Biographies |publisher=HickokSports.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1942]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Margaret Brownson Usen</title>
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'''Margaret Brownson Usen''' (an haife ta a ranar 9 ga watan Satumbar shekara ta 1974), 'yar Najeriya ce mai ba da agaji, 'yar kasuwa, mai ba da shawara kan haƙƙin ɗan adam kuma mutum ne na jama'a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-05-18 |title=Margaret Brownson Usen Biography: Get to Know Peter Obi’s Wife |url=https://buzznigeria.com/margaret-brownson-usen-biography-get-to-know-peter-obis-wife/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban [[Anambra|Jihar Anambra]] daga 2006 zuwa 2014 a lokacin gwamnatin mijinta, Peter Obi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Awonusi |first=Abiola |date=2022-07-08 |title=5 things you probably did not know about Peter Obi's wife, Margaret Brownson Usen - Goldmyne TV |url=https://goldmyne.tv/5-things-you-probably-did-not-know-about-peter-obis-wife-margaret-brownson-usen/,%20https://goldmyne.tv/5-things-you-probably-did-not-know-about-peter-obis-wife-margaret-brownson-usen/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
An haifi Margaret Brownson Usen a [[Kalaba|Calabar]], [[Cross River|Jihar Cross River]], Najeriya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oroo |first=Brian |date=2025-10-31 |title=The legacy of Margaret Brownson Usen truly speaks for itself - Legit.ng |url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1680426-the-legacy-margaret-brownson-usen-speaks-itself/ |access-date=2026-03-02 |website=www.legit.ng |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta auri Peter Gregory Obi a shekarar 1992. Ya kasance Gwamna na Jihar Anambra daga 2006 zuwa 2014 kuma ta haka ne ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Jihar Anandra tsakanin 2006 da 2014.

A watan Janairun 2025, ta ba da mata 100,000 ga 300 a Agulu, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tallafi ga SMEs na gida.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 January 2025 |title=Peter Obi's wife empowers women with ₦30 million |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/peter-obis-wife-empowers-women-with-n30m/ |website=The Eagle Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta goyi bayan mijinta a lokacin yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa a 2023 a matsayin dan takarar [[Nigeria Labour Party|Jam'iyyar Labour]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 January 2023 |title=Wife of prominent presidential candidate speaks on 2023 election |url=https://www.legit.ng/politics/1512551-wife-prominent-presidential-candidate-speaks-2023-election-sends-strong-message-nigerians/ |website=legit.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1974]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Michael Oblowitz</title>
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'''Michael Oblowitz''' ɗan fim ne na [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Ayyukansa sun kai kusan shekaru hamsin. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar No Wave Cinema na Yin fim mai zaman kansa a [[New York (birni)|Birnin New York]] a ƙarshen 1970s. Shi ne kuma Mai shirya fim-finai na Afirka ta Kudu na farko da ya karbi shigarwa a duka bikin fina-fukkuna na Cannes da Sundance, bi da bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Indiewire |date=1996-12-02 |title=Sundance ’97 Lineups Set |url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/general-news/sundance-97-lineups-set-83608/ |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=IndieWire |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Oblowitz a Cape Town, inda ya girma a cikin 1970s. Ya kammala karatu a fannin Fine Arts da Falsafa a [[Jami'ar Cape Town]] . Daga baya ya sami M.F.A. a cikin Fim Theory da Production daga Jami'ar Columbia a 1982, kuma ya yi karatun daukar hoto da bugawa a Makarantar Fasaha ta Tsakiya ta London a 1976. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beneath the sea of Dark-ness |url=https://www.pressreader.com/australia/tracks/20190901/281642486870439 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=[[Tracks (magazine)|Tracks]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
Ya fara aikinsa a tsakiyar shekarun 1970 tare da fina-finai masu zaman kansu ''X-Terminator'', The Is / Land, Minus Zero da King Blank . Fim din yanzu suna cikin tarin dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na zamani a Birnin New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Michael Oblowitz. King Blank. 1983 {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/316850 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kazalika da yin fim din kansa, ya yi aiki a matsayin Mai daukar hoto ga ma'aikatan No Wave Cinema da yawa a lokacin da yake New York. Zaɓin sanannun Masu shirya fina-finai da ya yi aiki tare sun haɗa da Rosa von Praunheim, Tina L'Hotsky da Maripol . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Snake Woman. USA. Directed by Tina L'Hotsky Men in Orbit. 1979. Directed by John Lurie {{!}} MoMA |url=https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/4292 |access-date=2026-02-18 |website=The Museum of Modern Art |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekara ta 1977, yana aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto ga SoHo News . Yayinda yake aiki ga jaridar, ya harbe hotuna na sanannun mawaƙa Bryan Ferry da Plastic Bertrand.

Ya shiga yin fim a cikin 1997, tare da Fim din wasan kwaikwayo na aikata laifuka This World, Then the Fireworks .  A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2010, an saki fim dinsa The Traveller, tare da Val Kilmer, a Amurka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marrone |first=John |date=2011-01-30 |title=[BD Review] 'The Traveler' a Gem in the Rough |url=http://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3151655/bd-review-the-traveler-for-horror-fans-only/ |access-date=2021-05-24 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ya lashe lambar yabo don Mafi kyawun Fasahar Thriller a bikin fina-finai da bidiyo na New York na 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;wavescape&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Heavy Water Premiere this Sunday |url=https://www.wavescape.co.za/surf-news/breaking-news/heavy-water-premiere-this-sunday.html |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=wavescape.co.za |archive-date=January 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123001244/https://www.wavescape.co.za/surf-news/breaking-news/heavy-water-premiere-this-sunday.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya fitar da shirinsa na farko na hawan igiyar ruwa, Sea Of Darkness, a cikin 2010. Shirin ya lashe kyautar Kyautattun Kyaututtuka a bikin fina-finai na New York Surf . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=WINNERS CIRCLE |url=http://newyorksurffilmfestival.com/category/winnercircle |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101205830/http://newyorksurffilmfestival.com/category/winnercircle |archive-date=1 November 2013 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=newyorksurffilmfestival.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shirinsa na biyu na hawan igiyar ruwa, Heavy Water, wanda aka saki a shekarar 2017 ya fito da Nathan Fletcher,  ya lashe fim mafi kyau a bikin fina-finai na Byron Bay International Film Festival &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 January 2020 |title=Review: 'Heavy Water,' a surf doc aimed at the hardcore fan |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/movies/story/2020-01-30/heavy-water-review-surfing |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ya lashe fim din Wavescape mafi kyau a 2018 Durban International Film Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;byron bay&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Byron Bay International Film Festival 2017 Award Winners |url=https://www.byron-bay.com/blog/byron-bay-international-film-festival-2017-award-winners/ |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=byron-bay.com |archive-date=May 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524171213/https://www.byron-bay.com/blog/byron-bay-international-film-festival-2017-award-winners/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 July 2018 |title=All the winners at DIFF 2018 |url=https://www.news24.com/channel/Movies/News/all-the-winners-at-diff-2018-20180730-2 |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=news24.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 2018, ya ba da umarnin fim din Frank &amp; Ava . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Paine |first=Herbert |date=3 March 2018 |title=BWW Review: FRANK &amp; AVA ~ An Affair To Remember |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/phoenix/article/BWW-Review-FRANK-AVA-An-Affair-To-Remember-20180303 |access-date=24 May 2021 |publisher=[[BroadwayWorld]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya kuma samar da bidiyon kiɗa ga taurari kamar [[David Bowie]] da [[Diana Ross]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=May 2021 |title=Inside Big Wave Surfer Nathan Fletcher's New Movie, 'Heavy Water' |url=https://www.menshealth.com.au/nathan-fletcher-surf-movie-heavy-water |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=menshealth.com.au}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bidiyo na farko da ya jagoranta shine Kurtis Blow's Basketball . Bidiyo ya karya shingen, yana daya daga cikin bidiyon kiɗa na Hip-Hop na farko da aka watsa akan MTV.

== Shahararrun fina-finai ==

* ''X-Terminator'' (1977)
* ''Minus Zero'' (1979)
* ''King Blank'' (1982)
* ''This World, Then the Fireworks'' (1997)
* ''Sea of Darkness'' (Documentary, 2010)
* ''The Traveler'' (2010)
* ''The Ganzfeld Experiment'' (2013)
* ''Heavy Water'' (2017)
* ''Frank &amp;amp;amp; Ava'' (2018)

== Bidiyo na kiɗa ==

* &quot;''Basketball''&quot; by Kurtis Blow (1984)
* &quot;''Hippy Land Rap''&quot; by Tommy Chong (1990) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2019 |title=Tommy Chong unreleased &quot;Hippy Land Rap&quot; variant live action video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZbY80Sk27c |website=[[YouTube]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;''The Healer''&quot; by John Lee Hooker and Carlos Santana (1993)
* &quot;''Mustang Sally''&quot; by Buddy Guy and Jeff Beck (1994)
* ''Booker T and the M.G's Live in Laguna'' (music documentary, 1995)
* ''Buddy Guy - Live: The Real Deal'' (music documentary, 1996)
* &quot;''Standing Here''&quot; by [[Kungiyar The Stone Roses|The Stone Roses]] (1997)

== Hotunan da aka zaɓa ==

* 1977 ''X-Terminator'' (short film)
* 1977 ''Table Conversation'' (short film)
* 1977 ''Portrait of Tina L’Hotsky'' (short film)
* 1977 ''Snow'' (short film)
* 1978 ''The Is/Land-Circuits of Control'' (with David Goldberg)
* 1979 ''Minus Zero''
* 1979 ''Death Magazine''
* 1979 ''Red Love Color''
* 1980 ''Too Sensitive to Touch'' (with Sylvère Lotringer)
* 1982 ''King Blank''
* 1998 ''The Areola'' (co-directed)
* 2001 ''The Breed''
* 2003 ''Out for a Kill''
* 2003 ''The Foreigner''
* 2005 ''Hammerhead: Shark Frenzy''
* 2008 ''Romantic Resorts''
* 2016 ''Untitled Sunny Garcia Documentary'' (in production)
* 2023 ''Confidential Informant''

== Kyaututtuka da yabo ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Shekara
!Bikin Kyautar
!Sashe
!Ayyukan da aka zaba
!Sakamakon
!{{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|-
|2017
|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Byron Bay
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Surf
|''Ruwa Mai Girma''| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref name=&quot;byron bay&quot;/&gt;
|-
|2018
|[[Durban International Film Festival|Bikin Fim na Duniya na Durban]]
|Mafi kyawun Fim na Wavescape
|''Ruwa Mai Girma''| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 July 2018 |title=39th Durban International Film Festival awards |url=https://www.screenafrica.com/2018/07/30/film/business/39th-durban-international-film-festival-awards/ |access-date=May 22, 2021 |website=screenafrica.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Bikin Fim na Hollywood Reel Mai Zaman Kanta
|Mafi kyawun Fim Mai Zaman Kanta
|''Frank da Ava''| {{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HRIFF 2018 AWARD WINNERS |url=http://www.hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com/2018/awards.php |access-date=May 24, 2021 |website=hollywoodreelindependentfilmfestival.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Bayanan da aka ambata ==

[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Maria Sibylla Merian</title>
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Maria Sibylla Merian (2 Afrilu 1647 – 13 ga Janairu 1717) [1] ƙwararriyar masaniyar halittu ce ta Jamus, mai nazarin halittu, kuma mai zane-zanen kimiyya . Ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin masana kimiyyar halittu na Turai da suka rubuta abubuwan da aka lura da su game da kwari kai tsaye. Merian ta fito ne daga reshen Frankfurt na dangin Swiss Merian

Merian ta sami horon fasaha daga uban gidanta, Jacob Marrel, ɗalibi a fannin zane mai rai Georg Flegel . Merian ta buga littafinta na farko na zane-zane na halitta a shekarar 1675. Ta fara tattara kwari tun tana ƙarama. Tana da shekaru 13, ta kiwon tsutsotsi na siliki . A shekarar 1679, Merian ta buga kundin farko na jerin littattafai biyu kan tsutsotsi ; kundin na biyu ya biyo baya a shekarar 1683. Kowane kundin ya ƙunshi faranti 50 da ta sassaka kuma ta sassaka. Merian ta tattara shaidu kan yadda aka samu canji da kuma yadda tsirrai suka mamaye nau'ikan kwari 186 na Turai. Tare da zane-zanen Merian ta haɗa da bayanin zagayowar rayuwarsu.

A shekara ta 1699, Merian ta yi tafiya zuwa Dutch Guiana don yin nazari da kuma rubuta kwari masu zafi da suka samo asali daga yankin. A shekara ta 1705, ta buga Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium . An yaba wa Merian's Metamorphosis da yin tasiri ga masu zane-zane na halitta iri-iri. Saboda lura da ta yi da kuma rubuce-rubucenta game da yadda malam buɗe ido ya canza, David Attenborough ya ɗauki Merian a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga fannin ilimin halittar dabbobi . [1] Ta gano sabbin bayanai da yawa game da rayuwar kwari ta hanyar karatunta. [2] Har zuwa lokacin da ta yi aiki mai kyau da cikakken bayani, an yi tunanin cewa kwari &quot;an haife su ne daga laka&quot; ta hanyar samar da su ta hanyar bazata . Binciken da ta yi na farko wajen kwatantawa da bayyana matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, daga ƙwai zuwa tsutsa zuwa jaki da kuma daga ƙarshe har zuwa babba, ya kawar da ra'ayin samar da su ta bazata kuma ya kafa ra'ayin cewa kwari suna fuskantar zagayowar rayuwa daban-daban da ake iya faɗi. [3]

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
[[Fayil:MatthaeusMerian.jpg|thumb|Mahaifinta, Matthäus Merian, mai sassaka ne kuma yana gudanar da gidan buga littattafai. Shi ɗan gidan Basel Merian ne na Patrician .]]
Mahaifin Maria Sibylla Merian, mai sassaka kuma mawallafi ɗan ƙasar Switzerland, Matthäus Merian, ya auri mahaifiyarta, matarsa ta biyu, Johanna Sybilla Heyne, a shekara ta 1646. An haifi Maria a cikin shekara mai zuwa, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama ɗansa na tara. Mahaifinta ya mutu a shekara ta 1650, kuma a shekara ta 1651, mahaifiyarta ta sake auri Jacob Marrel, mai zane-zanen furanni da rai . Marrel ta ƙarfafa Merian ta zana da fenti. Yayin da yake zaune galibi a Holland, ɗalibinsa Abraham Mignon ya horar da ita. A lokacin tana da shekaru 13, ta zana hotunanta na farko na kwari da tsire-tsire daga samfuran da ta kama. [1] Tun da farko, ta sami damar samun littattafai da yawa game da tarihin halitta . [2] Game da ƙuruciyarta, a cikin gabatarwar Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium, Merian ya rubuta: [3]
{{Blockquote|I spent my time investigating insects. At the beginning, I started with silkworms in my home town of Frankfurt. I realized that other caterpillars produced beautiful butterflies or moths, and that silkworms did the same. This led me to collect all the [[caterpillars]] I could find in order to see how they changed.}}
A watan Mayu na shekarar 1665, Merian ta auri ɗalibin Marrel, Johann Andreas Graff daga [[Nuremberg]] ; mahaifinsa mawaki ne kuma darektan makarantar sakandare ta gida, ɗaya daga cikin manyan makarantu a Jamus ta ƙarni na sha bakwai. A watan Janairu na shekarar 1668, ta haifi ɗanta na fari, Johanna Helena, kuma iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa Nuremberg a shekarar 1670, garin mijinta. Yayin da take zaune a can, Merian ta ci gaba da zane, tana aiki a kan takarda da lilin, da kuma ƙirƙirar zane-zane don yin zane . Ta kuma ba da darussan zane ga 'ya'yan mata marasa aure na iyalai masu arziki ('yan uwanta ''na Jungfern'' ', wato ƙungiyar budurwa), wanda ya taimaka wa iyalinta da kuɗi kuma ya ƙara matsayinsu na zamantakewa. Wannan ya ba ta damar shiga mafi kyawun lambuna, waɗanda masu kuɗi da manyan mutane ke kula da su, inda za ta iya ci gaba da tattarawa da kuma rubuta kwari. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Todd |first=Kim |date=June 2011 |title=Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717): An Early Investigator of Parasitoids and Phenotypic Plasticity |journal=Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=131–144 |doi=10.1163/187498311X567794}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1675, Merian ta shiga Kwalejin Jamus ta Joachim von Sandrart . Baya ga zanen furanni, ta yi zane-zanen farantin tagulla . Bayan halartar makarantar Sandrart, ta buga littattafan zane-zanen furanni.  A shekara ta 1678, ta haifi 'yarta ta biyu Dorothea Maria . 

Sauran mata masu zane-zanen da ba su mutu ba, kamar Margaretha de Heer ta Merian ta zamani, sun haɗa da kwari a cikin hotunan furanninsu, amma ba su yi kiwo ko nazarin su ba.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/155 155]}}A shekara ta 1679, ta buga aikinta na farko akan kwari, na farko daga cikin littafi mai zane mai juzu'i biyu wanda ya mayar da hankali kan yadda kwari suka canza yanayinsu. 

A shekara ta 1678, iyalin sun ƙaura zuwa [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]], amma aurenta bai yi daɗi ba.  Ta ƙaura tare da mahaifiyarta bayan rasuwar mahaifinta a shekara ta 1681. A shekara ta 1683, ta yi tafiya zuwa Gottorp kuma ta yi sha'awar al'ummar Labadists a Holstein . A shekara ta 1685, Merian ta yi tafiya tare da mahaifiyarta, mijinta, da 'ya'yanta zuwa Friesland inda ɗan'uwanta Caspar Merian ya zauna tun shekara ta 1677.

=== Friesland ===
[[Fayil:CasparM.jpg|thumb|Ɗan'uwanta Caspar Merian]]
Tun daga shekarar 1685, Merian, 'ya'yanta mata, da mahaifiyarta sun zauna tare da al'ummar Labadist, waɗanda suka zauna a wani gida mai kyau - Walt(h)a Castle - a Wieuwerd a Friesland. Sun zauna a wurin tsawon shekaru uku kuma Merian ta sami lokacin yin nazarin tarihin halitta da Latin, harshen da ake rubuta littattafan kimiyya a lokacin.  A cikin dazuzzukan Friesland, ta lura da haihuwa da haɓakar kwaɗi, ta tattara su don ta rarraba su.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/163 163]}}Merian ya ci gaba da zama tare da al'ummar har zuwa 1691. &lt;ref name=&quot;Suzanne Le-May Sheffield 2004 24&quot; /&gt;

In Wieuwerd, the Labadists engaged in printing and many other occupations, including farming and milling.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 February 2008 |title=Schetsplattegrond van Waltha- of Thetinga-state opgetekend door Johann Andreas Graff, echtgenoot van Maria Sibylla Merian &amp;#124; Tuinhistorisch Genootschap Cascade |url=http://www.cascade1987.nl/schetsplattegrond-van-waltha-of-thetinga-state-opgetekend-door-johann-andreas-graff-echtgenoot-van-maria-sibylla-merian/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602094914/http://www.cascade1987.nl/schetsplattegrond-van-waltha-of-thetinga-state-opgetekend-door-johann-andreas-graff-echtgenoot-van-maria-sibylla-merian/ |archive-date=2 June 2019 |access-date=26 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; At its peak, the religious community numbered around 600, with many more adherents further afield. Visitors came from England, Italy, Poland, and elsewhere, but not all approved of the strict discipline, religious separatism, and community property. Merian's husband was refused by the Labadists, but came back twice.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolfgang Klötzer 1996&quot;&gt;Wolfgang Klötzer (Hrsg.): Frankfurter Biographie. Zweiter Band M–Z. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1996, {{ISBN|3-7829-0459-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Amsterdam ===
[[Fayil:Maria_Sibylla_Merian_-_Insectenboek_001.JPG|right|thumb|An sake buga littafin ''Metamorphosis'' na baki da fari a shekarar 1730 - bayan rasuwarta a shekarar 1719, 1726, da 1730.]]
[[Fayil:Merian_Portrait.jpg|right|thumb|Hoton sana'a na Maria Sibylla Merian (kimanin 1700, farantin jan ƙarfe na Jacobus Houbraken daga hoton Georg Gsell ). Matsayinta a matsayin ƙwararriyar ƙwararriya ya ta'allaka ne da tarin littattafai da ke kusa da ita. Duniya da kwafi suna jawo hankali ga nasarorin da ta samu. Guda biyu na zane- zane da alamar mahaifinta suna jaddada asalinta. ]]
A shekara ta 1690, mahaifiyar Merian ta mutu. Bayan shekara guda, ta ƙaura tare da 'ya'yanta mata zuwa Amsterdam. A shekara ta 1692, mijinta ya sake ta. A Amsterdam a wannan shekarar, 'yarta Johanna ta auri Jakob Hendrik Herolt, wani ɗan kasuwa mai nasara a sana'ar Suriname, wanda asalinsa daga Bacharach ne . Mai zane-zanen furanni Rachel Ruysch ta zama ɗalibar Merian.  Merian tana samun abin rayuwa tana sayar da zane-zanenta.  Ita da 'yarta Johanna sun sayar da hotunan furanni ga mai tattara zane-zane Agnes Block . A shekara ta 1698 Merian ta zauna a wani gida mai kayan daki a Kerkstraat.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/166 166]}}

A shekara ta 1699, birnin Amsterdam ya ba Merian izinin tafiya zuwa [[Suriname]] da ke Kudancin Amurka, tare da ƙaramar 'yarta Dorothea Maria . A ranar 10 ga Yuli, Merian mai shekaru hamsin da biyu da 'yarta suka fara tafiya a jirgin ruwa. Manufar aikin ita ce ta shafe shekaru biyar tana kwatanta sabbin nau'ikan kwari.  Domin samun kuɗin aikin, Maria Sibylla ta sayar da zane-zanenta guda 255. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Reidell |first=Heidi |date=April 2008 |title=A Study of Metamorphosis |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=lfh&amp;AN=32045888&amp;site=ehost-live |url-status=live |journal=Americas |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=28–35 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402073623/https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=lfh&amp;AN=32045888&amp;site=ehost-live |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=10 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga baya za ta rubuta:&lt;blockquote&gt;A ƙasar Holland, da mamaki ƙwarai game da kyawawan dabbobi da suka fito daga Gabashin da Yammacin Indiya . Na sami albarkar samun damar duba tarin tsada na Dakta Nicolaes Witsen, magajin garin Amsterdam kuma darektan ƙungiyar Gabashin Indiya, da kuma na Mista Jonas Witsen, sakataren Amsterdam. Bugu da ƙari, na kuma ga tarin Mr. Fredericus Ruysch, likitan likitanci kuma farfesa a fannin ilimin halittar jiki da tsirrai, Mista Livinus Vincent, da sauran mutane da yawa. A cikin waɗannan tarin na sami wasu kwari marasa adadi, amma na gano cewa asalinsu da haihuwarsu ba a san su ba, yana haifar da tambaya game da yadda suke canzawa, farawa daga tsutsotsi da chrysalises da sauransu. Duk wannan, a lokaci guda, ya sa na yi tafiya mai tsawo ina mafarkin zuwa Suriname. &lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== Suriname da komawa Netherlands ===
Merian ta isa Suriname a ranar 18 ga Satumba ko 19 ga Satumba, kuma ta gana da gwamna Paulus van der Veen . Ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru biyu,  tana yawo a cikin yankin da kuma zana dabbobin gida da shuke-shuke. Ta rubuta sunayen 'yan asalin yankin na shuke-shuken kuma ta bayyana amfanin da ake yi a yankin. 

Ba kamar sauran masana kimiyyar halittu na ƙasar Holland ba, Merian ba ta aiki a wata kamfani ko kamfani ba. Gabatarwar littafinta na Suriname bai ambaci wani mai tallafawa ko mai tallafawa tafiyarta ba.  Wasu sun yi imanin cewa daraktocin Kamfanin Dutch West India ne suka ɗauki nauyin tafiyarta.  {{Rp|211}}A cikin littafinta na baya-bayan nan kan balaguron, Merian ta soki ayyukan 'yan kasuwar mulkin mallaka, tana mai cewa &quot;mutanen da ke wurin ba su da sha'awar yin bincike kan wani abu makamancin haka; hakika sun yi mini ba'a saboda neman wani abu banda sukari a ƙasar.&quot; Merian ta kuma yi Allah wadai da yadda 'yan kasuwa ke yi wa bayi. An tilasta wa wani bawa ya taimaka wa Merian a bincikenta, kuma aikin wannan mutumin ya ba da damar hulɗa da ta yi da bayin Amerindian da Afirka a yankin da suka taimaka mata wajen binciken tsirrai da dabbobi na Suriname. Merian ta kuma nuna sha'awar noma kuma ta yi kuka game da yadda 'yan kasuwar mulkin mallaka ke adawa da shuka ko fitar da wani abu banda sukari. Daga baya ta nuna kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa da ake samu a Suriname, gami da abarba. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hacke2017&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|212–213}}

A watan Yunin 1701, wata cuta, wataƙila [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|maleriya]], ta tilasta mata komawa Jamhuriyar Holland .  A can Netherlands, Merian ta buɗe shago. Ta sayar da samfuran da ta tattara da kuma zane-zanenta na tsirrai da dabbobi a Suriname. A shekara ta 1705, ta buga wani littafi ''mai suna Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium'' game da kwari na Suriname. 

A shekara ta 1715, Merian ta kamu da bugun jini. Duk da cewa ta shanye wani ɓangare na jikinta, ta ci gaba da aikinta.    jana'izar ta ta kasance ta matsakaicin aji tare da masu ɗaukar kaya goma sha huɗu.  'Yarta Dorothea ta buga ''Erucarum Ortus Alimentum et Paradoxa Metamorphosis'', tarin ayyukan mahaifiyarta, bayan mutuwar Merian.

== Aiki ==

=== Fasahar Tsirrai ===
Merian ta fara yin suna a matsayin mai fasahar fasahar tsirrai . A shekarar 1675, ta fara buga wani shiri mai jigo uku, kowanne da faranti goma sha biyu da ke nuna furanni.  {{Rp|35}}A shekarar 1680 ta buga littafin ''Neues Blumenbuch'', inda ta haɗa jerin littattafan.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/insectimagevisua0000neri/page/142 142]}}

Zane-zanen an yi su ne da ado kuma ba duka aka zana su ba bisa ga lura. Wasu daga cikin furannin da ke cikin jerin juzu'i uku sun yi kama da an gina su ne bisa ga zane-zanen Nicolas Robert da babanta Jacob Marrel . Merian ta haɗa da kwari a cikin furannin; kuma wataƙila ba ta lura da su duka da kanta ba, kuma wasu na iya zama kwafin zane-zanen Jacob Hoefnagel .  {{Rp|35}}Furanni guda ɗaya, furanni masu ado, furanni masu ƙayatarwa da furanni a cikin kundin guda uku za su samar da tsari ga masu fasaha da masu yin ado.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/146 146]}}A wancan lokacin, yin zane wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na ilimin da mata matasa suka samu a Turai. Kwafi daga wasu masu fasaha muhimmin ɓangare ne na horar da mai fasaha a lokacin.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/insectimagevisua0000neri/page/143 143]}}Waƙoƙinta sun yi kama da salon ɗakin zane-zanen da aka saba yi a Turai a lokacin. Bulaliya da damselflies suna da alaƙa da tsire-tsire, suna nuna kayan ado na Hoefnagel. &lt;ref name=&quot;Neri2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/insectimagevisua0000neri/page/150 150]}}Littattafan ''Raupen'' da ta wallafa a baya za a yi amfani da su a matsayin zane-zane, zane-zane da kuma dinki. &lt;ref name=&quot;Neri2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/insectimagevisua0000neri/page/158 158]}}

Merian ta kuma sayar da bugu na Blumenbuch masu launin hannu.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/insectimagevisua0000neri/page/152 152]}}Tsarin ƙirƙirar fasaharta na Merian ya yi amfani da vellum wanda ta yi masa ado da farin gashi. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kopaneva |first=N.P. |date=February 2010 |title=The Vivid Colors of Merian |url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=65564703&amp;site=ehost-live |url-status=live |journal=Science First Hand |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=110–123 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402073623/https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&amp;db=a9h&amp;AN=65564703&amp;site=ehost-live |archive-date=2 April 2023 |access-date=10 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda tsarin ƙungiyar, ba a ba wa mata damar yin fenti da mai ba . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Merian ta yi fenti da ruwan sha da gouache . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Bincike kan kwari da tsutsotsi ===
[[File:Maria_Sibylla_Merian_Der_Raupen_wunderbare_Verwandelung_und_sonderbare_Blumennahrung_Band_1.png|right|thumb|Shafin taken littafin ''The Caterpillars' Marvelous Change and Strange Floral Food'', juzu'i na farko, an buga shi a shekarar 1679]]
[[File:Maria_Sibylla_Merian_Maulbeerbaum_samt_Frucht_plate_1.png|right|thumb|Faranti na I na ''Caterpillars'' juzu'i na 1, mai taken &quot;Maulbeerbaum samt Frucht&quot;. Yana nuna 'ya'yan itace da ganyen bishiyar mulberry da ƙwai da tsutsotsi na ƙwarƙwarin siliki .]]
[[File:Garden_Tiger_Moth_Maria_Sibylla_Merian.png|right|thumb|Faranti na 5 na ''Caterpillars'' vol 1, wanda ke nuna yadda ƙwaron damisar lambun ke canzawa, mai masaukin shuke-shuken sa, da kuma ƙwaro mai kama da ƙwari.]]
Merian tana ɗaya daga cikin masana kimiyyar halitta na farko da suka kalli kwari kai tsaye.  Merian ta tattara ta kuma lura da kwari masu rai sannan ta ƙirƙiri zane-zane dalla-dalla. A zamaninta kwari har yanzu suna da suna a matsayin &quot;dabbobin shaidan&quot; kuma tsarin canzawar yanayi ba a san shi sosai ba. Duk da cewa wasu ƴan malamai sun buga bayanai na zahiri game da zagayowar rayuwar kwari, kwari da malam buɗe ido, ra'ayin da aka yi a zamanin yau shi ne cewa an &quot;haife su da laka&quot; ta hanyar tsara su ba zato ba tsammani . Merian ta tattara shaidu akasin haka kuma ta bayyana zagayowar rayuwar nau'ikan kwari 186. 

Merian ta fara tattara kwari tun tana ƙarama kuma ta ajiye littafin karatu. Tana da shekaru 13, ta kiwon tsutsotsi masu siliki da sauran kwari. Sha'awarta ta koma ga kwari da malam buɗe ido, waɗanda ta tattara ta yi nazari a kansu. Yayin da take zaune a Nuremberg da Frankfurt Merian za ta yi tafiya zuwa ƙauyukan da ke kewaye don neman tsutsotsi masu tsutsotsi. Ta rubuta shuke-shuken abincinsu, lokacin da suka canza siffarsu, kuma ta lura da halayen da ta lura da su.  {{Rp|36}}Ba sabon abu ba ne ga masana kimiyyar halitta su kwatanta bincikensu, amma Merian tana cikin ƙwararrun masu fasaha da suka fara samun horo don nuna nazarin rayuwarta da abubuwan da ta lura da su.

Ta lura da zagayowar rayuwar kwari tsawon shekaru da dama, tana yin zane-zane dalla-dalla bisa ga kwari masu rai a muhallinsu na halitta ko samfuran da aka adana sabo. Wannan ya bambanta ta da tsoffin masu fasaha-nature kamar Conrad Gesner . Zane-zanenta da faranti da aka sassaka suna nuna kwari suna kwanciya ƙwai, ko tsutsotsi suna cin ganye. Ta hanyar zana kwari masu rai, Merian za ta iya kwatanta launuka daidai, waɗanda suka ɓace daga samfuran da aka adana. Faranti da ta buga daga ƙarshe abubuwa ne masu rikitarwa, bisa ga cikakken nazarin kwari da ta zana a kan vellum; da yawa an adana su a cikin mujallar bincikenta. Kwatanta ya nuna cewa ba ta canza komai ba kuma ta adana yanayin da launin kwari lokacin da ta sanya su cikin babban abun da ke cikin farantinta. A lokacin nazarin kwari, ta kuma yi rikodin kuma ta zana zagayowar haihuwa na furanni, daga toho zuwa 'ya'yan itace. A matsayinta na mai fasaha mai horo, Merian ta damu da daidaiton launi kuma a cikin ''Metamorphosis'', ta rubuta tsire-tsire daga inda za a iya samo launuka. Zane-zanen da ta samar ko kula da su ba su da bambanci da launin ruwanta na asali. Ta kuma yi wa wasu zane-zanen hannu launi.  {{Rp|37}}

A shekara ta 1679, Merian ta buga kundin farko na jerin littattafai biyu kan tsutsotsi, tare da kundin na biyu a shekara ta 1683.  Kowane kundin ya ƙunshi faranti 50 da Merian ya sassaka kuma ya zana, tare da bayanin kwari, kwari, malam buɗe ido da tsutsotsinsu da ta gani. ''Der Raupen wunderbare Verwandlung und sonderbare Blumennahrung&amp;nbsp;– Sauyin Da Ke Cikin Caterpillars Mai Ban Mamaki da Abincin Fure Mai Ban Mamaki'', ya shahara sosai a wasu sassan al'umma masu tasowa kamar yadda aka rubuta shi a yaren larabci, amma masana kimiyya na lokacin sun yi watsi da aikinta sosai.  {{Rp|36}}

Shafin taken ''Caterpillars'' na 1679 ya yi shelar alfahari da Jamusanci:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;inda ta hanyar wata sabuwar ƙirƙira, ana bincika asalin, abinci da haɓakar tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi, malam buɗe ido, ƙwari, kwari da sauran ƙananan dabbobi, gami da lokaci, wurare da halaye, ga masana kimiyyar halitta, masu fasaha, da masu lambu, a hankali, a yi musu zane a taƙaice, a zana su daga yanayi, a zana su da jan ƙarfe sannan a buga su daban-daban.&quot;  {{Rp|39}}&lt;/blockquote&gt;Jan Goedart ta bayyana kuma ta kwatanta matakan rayuwar kwari da malam buɗe ido na Turai a gabanta, amma &quot;ƙirƙirar&quot; Merian ita ce cikakken nazarin nau'ikan kwari, zagayowar rayuwarsu da mazauninsu. Goedart ta rubuta nau'ikan halittu ta hanyar nuna babban mutum, ɗan jaki da tsutsa ɗaya. Merian ta nuna bambance-bambancen jiki tsakanin manya maza da mata, ta nuna fikafikai a wurare daban-daban da kuma launuka daban-daban a kowane gefen fikafikan. Ta kuma rubuta tsawaitaccen proboscis na ciyar da kwari. Farantin farko a cikin ''Caterpillars'' na 1679 ya yi bayani dalla-dalla game da zagayowar rayuwar ƙwari . Farawa daga kusurwar dama da ƙwai, tana ci gaba da ƙuraje da ƙuraje da yawa na tsutsar da ke girma.  {{Rp|39}}Goedart bai saka ƙwai a cikin hotunansa na matakan rayuwar ƙwari da malam buɗe ido na Turai ba, domin ya yi imanin cewa tsutsotsi suna fitowa ne daga ruwa. Lokacin da Merian ta buga bincikenta game da kwari, an yi imanin cewa kwari suna fitowa ne kawai ba tare da wata matsala ba. An yi binciken Merian ba tare da la'akari da binciken Francesco Redi, Marcello Malpighi da Jan Swammerdam ba, kuma an tallafa musu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|40}}

Duk da cewa bayanin rayuwar kwari na Merian ya kasance mai ƙirƙira a cikin daidaitonsa, amma lura da ta yi kan hulɗar halittu ne wanda yanzu ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban gudummawa ga kimiyyar kimiyyar [[Ecology|halittu]] ta zamani. Siffar kwari da masu masaukin shuke-shukensu ta bambanta aikin Merian da na Swammerdam da Francis Willughby na gargajiya da kuma aikin mutanen ƙasarta da kuma waɗanda suka yi zamani kamar Georg Rumphius .  {{Rp|40}}Merian ita ce ta farko da ta nuna cewa kowane mataki na canjin tsutsa zuwa malam buɗe ido ya dogara ne akan ƙaramin adadin tsire-tsire don ciyar da su. Ta lura cewa sakamakon haka, an sanya ƙwai kusa da waɗannan tsire-tsire. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; A cikin bayaninta, ta yi tsokaci kan abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli waɗanda suka shafi girman kwari. A kan tsutsa, ta lura cewa girman tsutsotsinsu yana ƙaruwa kowace rana idan suna da isasshen abinci. &quot;Wasu kuma suna isa girmansu cikin makonni da yawa; wasu kuma na iya buƙatar har zuwa watanni biyu.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|39}}

Daga cikin gudunmawar da ta bayar ga kimiyya, akwai haɗa kowace tsutsa mai suna lepidopteran, wadda ta lura da ita da shukar da take ci. Ta tattara ta ajiye tsutsotsi ta kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da abin da ta lura da shi. Ta lura cewa &quot;tsutsotsi waɗanda ke ci a kan shukar fure ɗaya kawai, za su ci a kan wannan shukar kaɗai, kuma ba da daɗewa ba za su mutu idan ban ba su ba.&quot; Ta rubuta cewa wasu tsutsotsi za su ci a kan shuka fiye da ɗaya, amma wasu suna yin hakan ne kawai idan an hana su shukar da suka fi so.  {{Rp|41}}

A cikin cikakken nazarinta, Merian ta yi wasu abubuwan lura da dama na musamman. Dangane da tsutsotsi, ta rubuta cewa &quot;da yawa suna zubar da fatarsu gaba ɗaya sau uku ko huɗu&quot;. Ta kwatanta wannan da zane da ke nuna wani shed exoskeleton .  {{Rp|39}}Ta kuma yi bayani dalla-dalla kan hanyoyin da tsutsotsi ke samar da kuransu, tasirin yanayi kan yadda suke canzawa da kuma yawansu, yanayin tafiyarsu, da kuma gaskiyar cewa idan tsutsotsi &quot;ba su da abinci, suna cinye junansu&quot;. Merian ya rubuta irin wannan bayanin ga takamaiman nau'in. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|41}}

=== Bincike a Suriname ===
[[Fayil:Metamorphosis_insectorum_surinamensium_(Pl._38)_BHL41398813.jpg|thumb|Farantin da ke nuna matakan ''Cocytius antaeus'' daga ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium'']]
[[Fayil:Spiders_-_Metamorphosis_insectorum_surinamensium_(1705),_74_plate_18_-_BL.jpg|thumb|Zane mai launi na tagulla daga ''Metamorphosis'', &quot;Gizo-gizo, tururuwa da hummingbird a kan reshe na [[Gweba|guava]] &quot;. Gizo-gizo a kusurwar hagu ta ƙasa yana cin tsuntsu.]]
[[Fayil:Metamorphosis_insectorum_surinamensium_(Pl._1)_BHL41398750.jpg|thumb|Faranti na 1 na ''Metamorphosis'', yana nuna abarba da kyankyasai]]
A shekara ta 1699, Merian ya yi tafiya zuwa ƙasar Surinam ta ƙasar Holland don yin nazari da kuma yin rikodin kwari masu zafi.  {{Rp|36}}Neman aikinta a [[Suriname]] wani aiki ne da ba a saba gani ba, musamman ga mace. Gabaɗaya, maza ne kawai ke samun kuɗaɗen sarauta ko na gwamnati don yin tafiya a cikin yankunan karkara don nemo sabbin nau'ikan shuke-shuke da dabbobi, yin tarin abubuwa da aiki a can, ko kuma zama. Ba a saba yin balaguron kimiyya a wannan lokacin ba, kuma balaguron Merian da kanta &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mariath |first=Fernanda |last2=Baratto |first2=Leopoldo C. |date=2023-05-12 |title=Female naturalists and the patterns of suppression of women scientists in history: the example of Maria Sibylla Merian and her contributions about useful plants |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=17 |doi=10.1186/s13002-023-00589-1 |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=10182609 |pmid=37173737 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya jawo hankalin mutane da yawa. Duk da haka, ta yi nasara wajen gano nau'ikan dabbobi da tsire-tsire da ba a san su ba a cikin Suriname. Merian ta ɗauki lokaci tana nazari da rarraba abubuwan da ta gano kuma ta bayyana su dalla-dalla. Ba wai kawai ta bayyana kwari da ta samu ba, har ma ta lura da mazauninsu, halaye da amfaninsu ga mutanen asali . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Rarraba malam buɗe ido da ƙwari har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a yau. Ta yi amfani da sunayen ' yan asalin Amurka don komawa ga tsire-tsire, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a Turai:&lt;blockquote&gt;Na ƙirƙiri rarrabuwa ta farko ga dukkan kwari masu ɗauke da chrysalises, malam buɗe ido na rana da kuma ƙwari na dare. Rarraba ta biyu ita ce ta tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi, ƙudaje, da ƙudan zuma. Na riƙe sunayen tsirrai na asali, domin har yanzu ana amfani da su a Amurka ta wurin 'yan asalin ƙasar da kuma 'yan Indiya. &lt;/blockquote&gt;Merian's drawings of plants, frogs,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Etheridge |first=Kay |year=2010 |title=Maria Sybilla Merian's Frogs |url=http://public.gettysburg.edu/~ketherid/merianfrogs.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=[[Bibliotheca Herpetologica]] |volume=8 |pages=20–27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719094755/http://public.gettysburg.edu/~ketherid/merianfrogs.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=4 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; snakes, spiders, iguanas, and tropical beetles are still collected today by amateurs all over the world. The German word ''Vogelspinne'' – (a spider of the infraorder Mygalomorphae), translated literally as ''bird spider'' – probably has its origins in an engraving by Merian. The engraving, created from sketches drawn in Suriname, shows a large spider who had just captured a bird. In the same engraving and accompanying text Merian was the first European to describe both army ants and leaf cutter ants as well as their effect on other organisms.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Etheridge |first=Kay |year=2011 |title=Maria Sibylla Merian and the metamorphosis of natural history |url=http://public.gettysburg.edu/~ketherid/Endeavor.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Endeavour |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=16–22 |doi=10.1016/j.endeavour.2010.10.002 |pmid=21126767 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719094714/http://public.gettysburg.edu/~ketherid/Endeavor.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=4 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Merian's depictions of tropical ants were subsequently cited and copied by other artists. Her depictions of the struggle among organisms predate [[Charles Darwin]] and [[Alfred, Ubangiji Tennyson|Lord Tennyson]]'s theories on the struggle for survival and evolution.{{Rp|42}}

A shekara ta 1705, shekaru uku bayan dawowa daga balaguron da ta yi, ta buga littafin ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium'' .  {{Rp|36}}An fara buga ''tarihin rayuwa'' da kuɗinta. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|43}}Merian ta dawo daga Suriname da zane-zane da bayanai. Yayin da labarin ya bazu tsakanin masana a Amsterdam, baƙi suka zo don kallon zane-zanenta na kwari da shuke-shuke na musamman. Ta lura cewa &quot;Yanzu da na koma Holland kuma masoyan yanayi da yawa sun ga zane-zanena, sun matsa mini da sha'awar a buga su. Suna da ra'ayin cewa wannan shine aiki na farko kuma mafi ban mamaki da aka taɓa yi a Amurka.&quot; Tare da taimakon 'ya'yanta mata Johanna da Dorothea, Merian ta haɗa jerin faranti. Ba ta yi faranti na bugawa da kanta a wannan karon ba, amma ta ɗauki hayar masu buga takardu uku don yin zane-zane. Ta kula da aikin sosai. Don biyan kuɗin wannan aikin, ta yi talla ga masu biyan kuɗi, waɗanda suke son ba ta kuɗi a gaba don bugu na ''Metamorphosis'' mai ban sha'awa. Masu biyan kuɗi goma sha biyu sun biya a gaba don karɓar bugu mai tsada da aka fenti da hannu, yayin da aka buga bugu mai sauƙi da baƙi da fari. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Sarah B. Pomeroy}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{Rp|71}}Bayan rasuwarta, an sake buga littafin a shekarar 1719, 1726 da 1730, inda aka sami ƙarin masu sauraro. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|43}}An buga shi da Jamusanci, Yaren mutanen Holland, Latin da Faransanci. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|48}}Merian ta yi tunanin buga littafin a Turanci, da nufin gabatar da shi ga Sarauniya Anne . Ta yi tunani, &quot;Yana da kyau mace ta yi irin wannan kyauta ga mutum mai jinsi ɗaya&quot;. Duk da haka, babu abin da ya fito daga shirin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|76}}

Masana kimiyya René Antoine, August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, Mark Catesby da George Edwards sun ambaci ''canjin yanayi'' da tururuwan da ke yankin zafi na Merian. An yaba wa ''Metamorphosis'' na Merian da yin tasiri ga masu zane-zane na halitta iri-iri.  {{Rp|44, 45, 46 &amp; 47}}Merian ta kuma rubuta yadda mutanen Suriname ke amfani da tsirrai da dabbobi a magani. Daga cikin wasu bayanai, ta rubuta cewa ana amfani da ruwan dabino a shafa a kan kaikayin kaikayi don magance cututtukan tsutsotsi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|76}}Merian ta kuma nuna sha'awar noma, kuma daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen da ta nuna akwai abarba .  {{Rp|212–213}}Lokacin da yake bayanin abarba Merian, ya ambaci wasu ayyuka da dama da aka yi a kan tarihin halitta, waɗanda suka fara rubuta 'ya'yan itacen, kamar ''Historia Naturalis Brasilae'' na Willem Piso da Georg Marggraf, ''Hortus Malabaricus'' na Hendrik van Rheed, da ''Medici Amstelodamensis'' na Caspar Commelin . Duk da cewa an zana abarba a baya, Merian ya zama mafi shahara. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hacke2017&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|217}}Ta bayar da bayanai kan yadda malam buɗe ido da kyankyasai suka shafi amfanin gona da noma a yankin. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hacke2017&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|218}}Yayin da yake rubuta tarihin tsirrai na Suriname, Merian ya ci gaba da rubuta sauye-sauyen kwari. An nuna kwari na Suriname a duk tsawon rayuwarsu da kuma a kan shuke-shuken da ke cikinsu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hacke2017&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|216}}

Yawancin zane-zanen Merian da suka haɗa da shuka, tsutsa da malam buɗe ido kawai kayan ado ne, kuma ba sa ƙoƙarin bayyana zagayowar rayuwa. Misali, an nuna Gulf fritillary da shukar vanilla, orchid daga Amurka, wanda ba shakka ba shine shukar da ke karɓar baƙi ba, da kuma tsutsa na wasu nau'ikan. Wannan matsalar ta sake faruwa a cikin zane-zanenta da yawa.  Ƙoƙarin gano kwari da tsire-tsire a cikin wani bugu na kwanan nan na littafinta na Suriname ya sami damar tantance nau'ikan nau'ikan, kodayake Merian yawanci tana yin kuskuren shuke-shuken abinci, tana yin kurakurai da yawa wajen nuna yanayin halittar, kuma yawanci tana haɗa nau'in tsutsa mara kyau da hotonta . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|ref=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Zane-zanenta wani ɓangare ne na binciken kimiyya da Turawa suka yi. Tsarin farko na tsire-tsire masu zafi ya dogara ne akan hotuna ko samfura. Bayan dawowarta Amsterdam [[Karl Linnaeus|, Carl Linnaeus]] da wasu sun yi amfani da hotunan da ta yi don gano nau'ikan iri ɗari ko makamancin haka.  {{Rp|38}}A lokacin babu wani ƙa'idar kimiyya da aka daidaita don sanya wa shuke-shuke da dabbobi suna, don haka Merian ta yi amfani da kalmomin Turai na yau da kullun don bayyana dabbobin Surinam, kamar tsutsar siliki ko ƙudan zuma. Saboda haka, ta kira malam buɗe ido a matsayin &quot;tsuntsaye na bazara&quot;. Linnaeus ta yi amfani da zane-zanen Merian don bayyana dabbobi 56 da tsire-tsire 39 daga Suriname, gami da tarantula, a cikin 1735 da 1753. Dangane da bincikenta, Linnaeus ta taƙaita sunanta zuwa ''Mer.surin.'' don dabbobi daga Surinam, da ''Mer.eur.'' don kwari na Turai. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|86}}

Merian ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Turai da ta fara zuwa balaguron kimiyya da kanta a Kudancin Amurka. A ƙarni na 19, Ida Pfeiffer, Alexine Tinne, Florence Baker, Mary French Sheldon, Mary Henrietta Kingsley da Marianne North sun bi sawun ta suka kuma bincika duniyar [[Afirka]] . Margaret Fountaine ta yi nazarin malam buɗe ido a nahiyoyi biyar.  Balaguron kimiyya na Merian a Surinam ya riga ya kasance kafin balaguron Alexander von Humboldt na Kudancin Amurka da shekaru 100, da kuma na Gimbiya Theresa ta Bavaria da shekaru 200.  Daga baya an gano cewa littafin Merian kan balaguron nata muhimmin bayani ne na wallafe-wallafen ƙasa da aka zana waɗanda suka samo asali daga Holland a ƙarshen ƙarni na 17, waɗanda suka tallata sabuwar duniya mai ban mamaki amma mai sauƙin samu ga Turawa.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/insectimagevisua0000neri/page/167 167]}}

=== Aikin kimiyya a Amsterdam ===
[[Fayil:Merian_Metamorphosis_Titel.jpg|thumb|Babban aikin Merian ''{{Interlanguage link|Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium|de}}'']]
Lokacin da Merian ta ƙaura zuwa Amsterdam a shekara ta 1691, ta haɗu da wasu masana kimiyyar halitta.  {{Rp|36}}Amsterdam ita ce cibiyar Zamanin Zinare na ƙasar Holland kuma ita ce cibiyar kimiyya, fasaha da kasuwanci.  {{Rp|9}}Lokacin da Merian ta zauna a wurin, ta sami goyon baya daga mai zane Michiel van Musscher, wanda ke zaune ba da nisa ba.  {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/166 166]}}Ta ɗauki ɗalibai, ɗaya daga cikinsu ita ce Rachel Ruysch, 'yar likitan tiyata kuma likita Frederick Ruysch . &lt;ref name=&quot;Davis1995&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/312 312]}}Merian ya zama muhimmin mutum a tsakanin masana tsirrai, masana kimiyya da masu tattarawa na Amsterdam. &lt;ref name=&quot;Davis1995&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|[https://archive.org/details/womenonmarginsth00davi/page/141 141]}}Littattafan ''Caterpillars'' ɗinta sun fara shahara a tsakanin al'ummar kimiyya a Ingila, ta ci gaba da kiwon tsutsotsi a gida sannan ta shiga ƙauyen da ke kewaye da Amsterdam don yin nazarin tururuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Davis1995&quot; /&gt; Daga cikin abokanta akwai darektan lambun furanni na Amsterdam Caspar Commelin, magajin garin Amsterdam kuma shugaban kamfanin Dutch East India Nicolaes Witsen, farfesa a fannin likitanci Fredericus Ruysch, da kuma ɗan kasuwa kuma mai tara kaya Levinus Vincent .  {{Rp|208}}

Jiragen ruwan ciniki sun dawo da harsasai, shuke-shuke da dabbobin da aka kiyaye ba a taɓa ganinsu ba.  {{Rp|9}}Amma Merian ba ta da sha'awar adanawa, tattarawa, ko nazarin samfuran. Lokacin da ta karɓi samfurin daga mai ba da maganin shafawa na Landan James Petiver, ta rubuta masa cewa tana da sha'awar &quot;samfurin, yaɗuwa, da kuma sauye-sauyen halittu, yadda ɗaya ke fitowa daga ɗayan, da kuma yanayin abincinsu.&quot;  {{Rp|38}}Duk da haka, Merian ta karɓi aikin kwangila. Ta taimaka wajen kwatanta littafin ''The Amboinese Curiosity Cabinet'' wanda Georg Eberhard Rumpf ya rubuta. Rumpf masanin halitta ne kuma a cikin aikinsa na Kamfanin Dutch East India Company ya tattara harsashin Indonesia, duwatsu, burbushin halittu da dabbobin ruwa. Merian, da wataƙila 'yarta Dorothea, sun taimaka wajen tattara zane-zane na samfuran littafin, yayin da Rumpf ta makance sakamakon glaucoma kuma ta ci gaba da aiki a kan littafin tare da mataimaka har zuwa 1690. An buga shi a 1705. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|77}}

Samfuran da aka nuna a Amsterdam na ban mamaki sun yi mata kwarin gwiwa ta yi tafiya zuwa Surinam, amma sai kawai ta katse nazarinta game da kwari na Turai na ɗan lokaci. Merian ta ci gaba da tattarawa da ayyukan lura, tana ƙara faranti a cikin littattafan ''Caterpillars'' ɗinta da kuma sabunta faranti da ke akwai. Ta sake buga juzu'i biyu a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland a cikin 1713 da 1714 a ƙarƙashin taken ''Der Rupsen'' .  {{Rp|36}}Ta faɗaɗa karatunta zuwa ƙudaje sannan ta sake rubuta gabatarwar littattafanta don kawar da duk wani ambaton samuwar halitta kwatsam. Ta bayyana cewa ƙudaje suna fitowa daga ƙwarƙwarar tsutsa, kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa za a iya haifar ƙudaje daga najasa.  {{Rp|222}}'Ya'yanta mata sun buga faranti 50 da bayanin kwari na Turai waɗanda suka bayyana an yi su ne don littafi na uku bayan rasuwarta, waɗanda suka haɗa su da bugu na 1713 zuwa babban littafi ɗaya. Iyalinta kuma sun buga wasu bugu ''na Metamorphosis'' bayan mutuwarta, inda aka ƙara ƙarin faranti 12. Duk da haka, sai dai biyu, sun bayyana cewa aikin Merian ne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2011&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|36}}

Wani malami da ya zo ziyara ya bayyana Merian a matsayin mai rai, mai aiki tukuru da ladabi a shekarar 1711. Gidanta cike yake da zane-zane, kwari, tsirrai, 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuma a bango akwai launukan ruwa na Surinam. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|79}}Ba da daɗewa ba kafin mutuwar Merian, Peter the Great ya ga ayyukanta a Amsterdam. Bayan rasuwarta a shekara ta 1717, ya sami adadi mai yawa na zane-zanenta,  waɗanda har zuwa yau ana adana su a cikin tarin ilimi a [[Saint-Petersburg|Saint Petersburg]] . 

== Kuskuren da aka yi bayan mutuwa ==
Several scholars have traced mistakes that were falsely attributed to Merian after her death.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mariath |first=Fernanda |last2=Baratto |first2=Leopoldo C. |date=2023-05-12 |title=Female naturalists and the patterns of suppression of women scientists in history: the example of Maria Sibylla Merian and her contributions about useful plants |journal=Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine |language=en |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=17 |doi=10.1186/s13002-023-00589-1 |issn=1746-4269 |pmc=10182609 |pmid=37173737 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Valiant 1993 467–479&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Valiant |first=Sharon |date=1993 |title=Maria Sibylla Merian: Recovering an Eighteenth-Century Legend |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2739414 |journal=Eighteenth-Century Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=467–479 |doi=10.2307/2739414 |issn=0013-2586 |jstor=2739414 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; One example revolves around who added color to first edition plates of her Surinam book. Some first editions included plates that were painted by Merian and others had colorless plates. People later colored in the black and white plates without following the color palette used by Merian, similar to the concept of coloring books, and some suspect these later colors made it to the second edition.&lt;ref name=&quot;Valiant 1993 467–479&quot; /&gt; In another example, the printer of the 1730 edition of Surinam added plates using fictitious images of caterpillar life cycles that Merian did not originally include in the book and used for different, unscientific, purposes. Critics later cited these plates as proof to discredit Merian.&lt;ref name=&quot;Valiant 1993 467–479&quot; /&gt;

== Kalmomin Ma'ana ==
[[File:Danedlion_Maria_Sibylla_Merian.png|right|thumb|Faranti na 8 na ''Caterpillars'', juzu'i na farko. Yana nuna Taraxacum na dandelion, tare da ''Dicallomera fascelina'', ƙwarƙwarar tussock mai duhu. Sunan da aka saba amfani da shi a ƙasar Holland ga ƙwarƙwarar ''Meriansborstel'' an sanya masa suna Merian.]]
Bayan rasuwarta, an sanya wa wasu nau'ikan taxa da kuma nau'ikan halittu guda biyu suna bayanta. An sanya wa malam buɗe ido guda uku suna bayanta, a shekarar 1905 wani nau'in malam buɗe ido mai rabe-rabe ''Opsiphanes cassina merianae'' ; a shekarar 1967 wani nau'in malam buɗe ido na yau da kullun ''Heliconius melpomene meriana'' ;  kuma a shekarar 2018 wani malam buɗe ido mai ban mamaki ''Catasticta sibyllae'' daga Panamá.  

An sanya wa ƙwari na ƙwari na Cuba suna ''Erinnyis merianae'' . An sanya wa ƙwari na Tessaratomidae suna ''[[Plisthenes merianae]]'' . An sanya wa wani nau'in ƙwayar mantises suna ''Sibylla'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|88}}Haka kuma ƙudan zumar orchid ''Eulaema meriana'' .

An sanya wa gizo-gizo mai cin tsuntsaye ''suna Avicularia merianae'' don girmama ta, wanda hakan ya nuna binciken da ta yi kan gizo-gizo. An sanya wa gizo-gizo ''Metellina merianae'' suna a cikin 2017. An sanya wa wata ƙadangare mai suna ''Salvator merianae'' na Argentina. An sanya wa wani ƙwaro suna ''[[Rhinella merianae]]'' . An sanya wa wani ƙadangare suna ''[[Coquandiella meriana]]'' . An sanya wa al'ummar Madagascan na tsuntsun dutse na Afirka suna ''Saxicola torquatus sibilla'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|88}}

An sanya wa wani nau'in shuke-shuken fure suna ''Meriania'' . An sanya wa wani shuka mai kama da iris suna ''Watsonia meriana'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Pomeroy2018&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|88}}

== Godiya ta zamani ==
A cikin kwata na ƙarshe na ƙarni na ashirin, an sake kimanta aikin Merian, an tabbatar da ingancinsa, kuma an sake buga shi. &lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite journal |last=Erlanger-Glozer |first=Liselotte |date=March–April 1978 |title=Maria Sibylla Merian, 17th Century Entomologist, Artist, and Traveller |journal=Insect World Digest |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=12–21}}&lt;/ref&gt; An buga hotonta a kan takardar DM ta 500 kafin Jamus ta koma Yuro. Hotonta ya kuma bayyana a kan tambarin DM mai ƙarfin 0.40, wanda aka fitar a ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1987, kuma makarantu da yawa suna da sunanta. A ƙarshen shekarun 1980, alamar Archiv ta kamfanin Polydor ta fitar da sabbin rikodin ayyukan piano na [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] da aka yi a kan kayan kida na zamani, da kuma zane-zanen furanni na Merian. An karrama ta da Google Doodle a ranar 2 ga Afrilu, 2013 don bikin cika shekaru 366 da haihuwa. 

The renewed scientific and artistic interest in her work was triggered in part by a number of scholars who examined collections of her works, such as the one in Rosenborg Castle, Copenhagen. In 2005, a modern research vessel named RV &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwA20&quot;&gt;Maria S. Merian&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; was launched at Warnemünde, Germany. In 2016, Merian's ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium'' was re-published with updated scientific descriptions and, in June 2017, a symposium was held in her honour in Amsterdam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=JoAnna Klein |date=23 January 2017 |title=A Pioneering Woman of Science Re-Emerges After 300 Years |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/science/maria-sibylla-merian-metamorphosis-insectorum-surinamensium.html?emc=edit_ee_20170124&amp;nl=todaysheadlines-europe&amp;nlid=62598762 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180623223644/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/science/maria-sibylla-merian-metamorphosis-insectorum-surinamensium.html?emc=edit_ee_20170124&amp;nl=todaysheadlines-europe&amp;nlid=62598762 |archive-date=23 June 2018 |access-date=24 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Conference Changing the Nature of Art and Science. Intersections with Maria Sibylla Merian |url=https://www.aanmelder.nl/merianconference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202015242/https://www.aanmelder.nl/merianconference |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=www.aanmelder.nl}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2017, the Lloyd Library and Museum in Cincinnati, [[Ohio (jiha)|Ohio]] hosted &quot;Off the Page&quot;, an exhibition rendering many of Merian's illustrations as 3D sculptures with preserved insects, plants, and taxidermy specimens.

An sanya wa Tegu baƙi da fari na Argentina ( ''Salvator merianae'' ), wani nau'in babban ƙadangare, suna don girmama Merian bayan gano shi da rarraba shi. 

A tsakanin 2021-2022, an nuna ayyukan Merian a baje kolin ''Mata Masu Zane-zane da Abokan Hulɗa a Kimiyyar Halitta, 1650–1800'',  a ɗakin karatu da gidan tarihi na Morgan .

Tarin Mawaki Jessy Randall na shekarar 2022 ''Lissafi ga Mata'' ya ƙunshi waƙa da ke girmama Merian. 

A shekarar 2024, Rijksmuseum ta sami ɗaya daga cikin bugu 67 da aka sani na farko na ''Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium'' . 

=== 'Ya'ya mata ===
Today, while Merian has experienced reinvigorated fame in the eyes of the art and science communities, some of her work has now been re-attributed to her daughters Johanna and Dorothea; Sam Segal has re-attributed 30 of 91 folios in the [[Gidan kayan tarihi na Biritaniya|British Museum]].

== Hotunan Hotuna ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;175&quot;&gt;
Fayil:De_Europische_Insecten_Merian_Bernard.jpg
Fayil:Duroia_eriopila_by_Merian.jpg
Fayil:Duroia_sp00.jpg
Fayil:Fulgora.jpg
Fayil:Guavenzweig.jpg
Fayil:Illustration_of_a_Caiman_crocodilus_and_an_Anilius_scytale_(1701–1705)_by_Maria_Sibylla_Merian.jpg
Fayil:Joseph_Mulder_etching_1.jpg
Fayil:Merian_Metamorphosis_VI.jpg
Fayil:Spondia_purpurea_Merian.jpg
Fayil:Merian_Metamorphosis_LX.jpg
Fayil:Metamorphosis_of_a_Butterfly_Merrian_1705.jpg
Fayil:Merian_Metamorphosis_XLVIII.jpg
Fayil:Merian_Metamorphosis_XXVII.jpg
Fayil:Merian-grafic-senkenberg_hg.jpg
Fayil:Thysania_agrippina_par_Merian.gif
Fayil:Wasserhyazinthe.jpg
Fayil:Maria_Merian_Metamorphosis_Insectorum_Surinamensium_MIA_P18717.jpg
Fayil:Butterfly_on_a_hibiscus_plant.jpg|alt=Butterfly on a hibiscus plant| Malam malam buɗe ido a kan shukar hibiscus
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Littattafan tarihi ==

* ''Blumenbuch. Juzu'i na 1.'' 1675
* ''Blumenbuch. Juzu'i na 2.'' 1677
* ''Neues Blumenbuch. Juzu'i na 3.'' 1680
* ''Der Raupen wunderbare Verwandlung und sonderbare Blumennahrung.'' Juzu'i na 1, 1679
* ''Der Raupen wunderbare Verwandlung und sonderbare Blumennahrung.'' Juzu'i na 2, 1683
* ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium.'' 1705

== Duba kuma ==

* Tsarin lokaci na mata a kimiyya
* Dorothea Eliza Smith
* Anne Kingsbury Wollstonecraft

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
 

* ''Metamorphosis Insectorum Surinamensium'' :
** Archived [http://naturalhistory.mse.jhu.edu/ChronologicalTour/ChT_Merian.html ''Metamorphosis insectorum na Surinamensium''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408083514/http://naturalhistory.mse.jhu.edu/ChronologicalTour/ChT_Merian.html |date=2013-04-08 }}   hotuna a gidan yanar gizo wanda Jami'ar Johns Hopkins ta dauki nauyin daukar nauyinsa
** [http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/toc/?PPN=PPN477653782 Sigar yanar gizo ta ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium'' daga GDZ]
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20170502024004/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/ref/collection/nat_hist/id/1049 ''Metamorphosis insectorum Surinamensium''] (1705) - cikakken fakis ɗin dijital daga ɗakin karatu na Linda Hall
* [http://www.dloc.com/UF00083041 ''Das kleine Buch der Tropenwunder : kolorierte Stiche''] daga Laburaren Dijital na Caribbean
* [https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN477830714 Sigar kan layi na ''Over de voortteeling en wonderbaerlyke veranderingen der Surinaemsche Insecten'' daga GDZ]
* [http://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/dms/load/toc/?PPN=PPN476830389 Sigar kan layi na ''Erucarum ortus, alimentum et paradoxa metamorphosis'' daga GDZ]
* [http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22534 Jarumin Fure na Maria Sibylla Merian] Ingrid Rowland akan Merian daga ''Jaridar New York Review of Books''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100609230237/http://specialcollections.library.wisc.edu/exhibits/womennature/sectionpages/MariaSibyllaMerian.html ''Der Raupen wunderbare Verwandlung''], hotuna daga tarin a Jami'ar Wisconsin-Madison
* [http://sdei.senckenberg.de/index/index.php?befehl=about Gaedike, R.; Groll, EK &amp; Taeger, A. 2012: Littattafan adabin entomological daga farko har zuwa 1863 : rumbun adana bayanai na intanet&amp;nbsp;– sigar 1.0&amp;nbsp;- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut.]
* 
* [https://rkd.nl/explore/artists/55357/ Maria Sibylla Merian a shafin yanar gizon RKD]
* [http://www.themariasibyllameriansociety.humanities.uva.nl/ Ƙungiyar Maria Sibylla Merian] tare da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa ayyukan da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar dijital daga Maria Sibylla Merian da kafofin dijital
* [https://nmwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Kleps-Hok-on-Merian-Finding-Aid-2020.pdf Tarin Kleps-Hok akan Maria Sibylla Merian] a Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa na Mata a Fasaha
* &quot; [https://www.bbc.co.uk/videos/c978294gerpo Macen da Zane-zanenta suka Canza Kimiyya Har Abada] &quot; (28 Afrilu 2022) bidiyo ta BBC Ideas
* [http://bimu.comune.bologna.it/biblioweb/maria-sibylla-merian/ In viaggio con Merianin] Online nuni na Archginnasio Library - Bologna
* [http://badigit.comune.bologna.it/books/132721_INV/132721_INV.htm#page/3/mode/1up Mariae Sibillae Merian, Dissertatio de generatione et metamorphosibus insectorum Surinamensium:..., Hagae Comitum, apud Petrum Gosse, 1726]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/sep/01/maria-sibylla-merian-17th-century-female-scientist-insect-illustrations-rijksmuseum-show Yadda wata ƙwararriyar masaniyar kimiyya mace ta ƙarni na 17 ta canza fahimtarmu game da kwari] daga ''The Observer''
{{Authority control}}
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[[Fayil:Officials_say_Lake_Cumberland_on_the_rise_with_barrier_wall_complete_130419-A-BO243-820.jpg|thumb|Margaret Burcham]]
'''Margaret Williams Burcham''' janar ce mai ritaya ta Sojojin Amurka . Ita ce mace ta farko da ta kasance janar brigadier a cikin Sojojin Injiniyoyi na Amurka.

== Ayyukan soja ==
Burcham ta halarci Kwalejin Sojan Amurka a West Point inda ta yi karatun injiniyan farar hula kuma an ba ta izini a cikin Sojojin Injiniyoyin Amurka (USACE) a shekarar 1982. Tana da digiri na biyu a kimiyyar kwamfuta daga Jami'ar Jihar Kansas da kuma digiri na MS a dabarun tsaro na kasa daga Kwalejin Masana'antu na Sojoji. Burcham ya halarci Kwalejin Injiniya na asali da na ci gaba kuma ya yi karatu a Makarantar Ma'aikatan Sabis ta Hadin Gwiya, Kwalejin Sojojin Amurka da Kwalejin Janar da Kwalejiyar Babban Sabis. [1] [2][3]

Burcham ya kasance shugaban hadin gwiwar hadin gwiwarsa na Darakta na Gudanar da Sojoji a Pentagon kuma kwamandan Gundumar Injiniya ta Arewa ta USACE a Iraki da Gundumar injiniya ta Turai. An nada ta kwamandan USACE Great Lakes da Ohio River Division a watan Satumbar 2011, mace ta farko da ta umurci ƙungiyar USACE.  A cikin wannan rawar, Burcham ya umarci ma'aikata 4,800 a cikin gundumomi bakwai na injiniya da suka rufe jihohi 17 kuma gami da ruwa a cikin Great Lakes da Ohio River basins. Kudinta na shekara-shekara ya kai dala biliyan 2 kuma nauyin sashen ya haɗa da kula da kayan aikin kewayawa, ayyukan kare ambaliyar ruwa, tsare-tsaren kiyaye ruwa, wutar lantarki da ayyukan sabunta muhalli na darajar kadarori sama da dala biliyan 80.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Margaret W. Burcham |url=http://www.academywomen.org/inspirationalleadersdetails.php?ilid=57 |access-date=November 22, 2017 |publisher=Academy Women }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; An ɗaukaka ta zuwa Brigadier Janar a ranar 27 ga Janairu, 2012 a hedkwatar USACE a Washington kuma ta zama mace ta farko janar na USACE.&lt;ref name=&quot;dmn&quot; /&gt; Shugaba [[Barack Obama]] ne ya nada ta a Hukumar Kogin Mississippi a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2013. 

An nada Burcham a matsayin Darakta na Ma'aikata da Ma'aikata na Shugabannin Haɗin gwiwa a watan Yunin 2015 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=J1 Manpower and Personnel |url=http://www.jcs.mil/Directorates/J1%7CManpowerandPersonnel.aspx |access-date=November 22, 2017 |publisher=Joint Chiefs of Staff}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Annual Conference of the NATO Committee on Gender Perspectives2015 |url=https://www.nato.int/cps/ua/natohq/news_121351.htm |access-date=November 22, 2017 |publisher=NATO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi ritaya daga aiki a watan Agusta 2016.

== Na Mutum ==
Burcham ta auri Jay M. Burcham, a halin yanzu Shugaban Ma'aikatan Ma'aikatar Tsaro Dependents Schools, kuma a baya a cikin manyan matsayi na DOD Civil bayan aiki a matsayin jami'in da aka ba da izini na Sojojin Amurka a cikin Ofishin Armor. [https://www.dodea.edu/handbook.cfm] Tana da 'yar da ɗa daga auren da ya gabata ga William C. &quot;Bill&quot; Tubesing .  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=First woman promoted to general within Army Corps of Engineers |url=https://www.army.mil/article/72904/first_woman_promoted_to_general_within_army_corps_of_engineers |access-date=November 22, 2017 |publisher=US Army |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mr. Jay Burcham - Chief of Staff |url=https://www.dodea.edu/aboutDoDEA/Jay-M-Burcham.cfm |access-date=May 24, 2022 |publisher=Department of Defense Education Activity}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=September 28, 1993 |title=PN516 — Army — 103rd Congress (1993-1994) |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/103rd-congress/516 |access-date=May 24, 2022 |website=U.S. Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 30, 1998 |title=PN1280 — Army — 105th Congress (1997-1998) |url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/105th-congress/1280 |access-date=May 24, 2022 |website=U.S. Congress}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Malai Halimah Yusoff</title>
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'''Malai Halimah binti Malai Yusoff''' jami'ar diflomasiyya ce ta Brunei wacce tun daga lokacin ta zama jakadiyar [[Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]] a Vietnam a shekarar 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-12-01 |title=President receives new ambassadors from Azerbaijan, Brunei |url=https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/1400607/president-receives-new-ambassadors-from-azerbaijan-brunei.html |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=vietnamnews.vn |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta zama Jakadiyar Brunei a [[Filipin|Philippines]] a shekarar 2008 da kuma [[Monaco]] a shekarar 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monaco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2018-03-13 |title=Four new ambassadors received by Prince Albert |url=https://monacolife.net/four-new-ambassadors-received-by-prince-albert/ |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=monacolife.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Aikin diflomasiyya ==
Malai Halimah ta fara aiki a ofishin bincike na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Brunei Darussalam a shekarar 1983. Ta rike mukaman mataimakiyar darakta a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, mataimakiyar darakta a Asiya-Pacific, da kuma daraktan nazari a lokacin da take can. An nada ta a matsayin darakta a ofishin siyasa a shekarar 2007 kuma an nada ta a matsayin Jakadar Brunei a Philippines a shekarar 2008.

=== Faransa ===
Pehin Yasmin ta gana da Datin Malai Halimah da wasu jakadun da aka naɗa kwanan nan a ranar 30 ga Agusta 2016. Yasmin ta taya su murna tare da ba su bayanai kan manufofin Brunei a masana'antu, [[Energy industry|makamashi]], da [[Canjin yanayi|sauyin yanayi]] dangane da ayyukan da aka ba su. Saboda babban kamfanin mai da iskar gas na Faransa, Total, yana nan a ɓangaren makamashi na Brunei, ƙasashen biyu suna da haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi a fannin makamashi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-08-30 |title=Courtesy Calls with Brunei Darussalam Newly Appointed Envoys |url=https://energy.gov.bn/Lists/News/View.aspx?ID=56&amp;Source=https%3A%2F%2Fenergy%2Egov%2Ebn%2FSitePages%2FViewAll%2Easpx%3FPaged%3DTRUE%26p%5FDate%3D20180201%252016%253A00%253A00%26p%5FID%3D59%26PageFirstRow%3D271%26%26View%3D%257B8634D7AC%2DB599%2D4FE8%2D86D3%2DE8AA3DA97D9C%257D&amp;ContentTypeId=0x01003ED653BD60D934498D0B69FBB25B0AD7 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=energy.gov.bn }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2017, a Hedikwatar OECD da ke [[Faransa]], Brunei ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Taimakon Gudanarwa tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu kan Harkokin Haraji, wanda Jakadiyar Datin Paduka Malai Halimah, ta wakilta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-12 |title=Brunei Darussalam expands its capacity to fight international offshore tax avoidance and evasion |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/automatic-exchange/news/brunei-darussalam-expands-its-capacity-to-fight-international-offshore-tax-avoidance-and-evasion.htm |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.oecd.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mataimakiyar Sakatare Janar na OECD, Masamichi Kono, ta jagoranci taron sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, wanda ya haɗa da ƙasashe 112, ciki har da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]], [[Indonesiya|Indonesia]], da [[Filipin|Philippines]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-09-13 |title=Kerajaan Kebawah DYMM tandatangani konvensyen kerjasama antarabangsa |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Lists/Berita/NewDisplayForm.aspx?ID=12388&amp;ContentTypeId=0x0100BC31BF6D2ED1E4459ACCF88DA3E23BA8 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta gabatar da takardun shaidarta na zama wakiliya ta dindindin ga Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ( [[UNESCO]] ) a ranar 28 ga Satumba, 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Permanent Delegate of Brunei Darussalam (September 2017) |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/member-states/single-view/news/permanent_delegate_of_brunei_darussalam_september_2017/ |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Daga 14 zuwa 15 ga Nuwamba, 2017, ta halarci zaman Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta 21 ta UNESCO. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=21st session of the General Assembly of States Parties |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/21GA |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=whc.unesco.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na jakada ba mazaunin [[Monaco]] ba, ta gabatar da takardar amincewa ga Yarima Albert a Hôtel Hermitage Monte-Carlo a ranar 13 ga Maris, 2018. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monaco&quot;/&gt;

Datin Malai Halimah ta yi magana a madadin Dato Hamzah a [[UNESCO|taron UNESCO karo]] na 41 da aka gudanar a [[Faris|birnin Paris]], inda ta jaddada jajircewar Brunei Darussalam wajen kawo sauyi a fannin ilimi ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani. Tare da mai da hankali kan fasahar ilimi, fasahar gudanarwa, da kuma samar da manufofi da kayayyakin more rayuwa, ta yi nuni da kirkirar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Ilimi da kuma Tsarin Sauya Tsarin Dijital na Ma'aikatar Ilimi, wanda ke da nufin bunkasa masu koyo ta hanyar amfani da fasahar zamani ta hanyar hada fasahar ilimi cikin tsarin koyarwa da ilmantarwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-11-11 |title=41st UNESCO General Conference, Paris, France, 09th to 24th November 2021 |url=https://www.moe.gov.bn/SitePages/NewsArticle.aspx?AID=870 |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.moe.gov.bn}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Vietnam ===
A matsayinta na sabuwar jakada a Vietnam a ranar 20 ga Oktoba 2022, Datin Malai Halimah ta sami takardar amincewa daga [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah]] a Istana Nurul Iman . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20 |title=Kindly grant the Letter of Attestation, receive the Letter of Appointment |url=https://www-jpm-gov-bn.translate.goog/Lists/Berita%20JPM%202022/NDispForm.aspx?ID=221&amp;InitialTabID=Ribbon.Read&amp;source=/&amp;_x_tr_sl=ms&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en&amp;_x_tr_pto=sc |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www-jpm-gov-bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-20 |title=His Majesty presents, receives letters of credence » Borneo Bulletin Online |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/his-majesty-presents-receives-letters-of-credence-7/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; shi da wasu jakadu da aka naɗa kwanan nan sun gana da [[Al-Muhtadee Billah|Yarima Al-Muhtadee Billah]] a ranar 24 ga Oktoba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=PMO News - His Royal Highness Audience Ceremony |url=https://www.pmo.gov.bn/Lists/2022%20PMO%20News/NDispForm.aspx?ID=226&amp;InitialTabID=Ribbon.Read&amp;source=/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=www.pmo.gov.bn}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 6 ga Yuli 2023, a [[Hanoi]], Firayim Minista Phạm Minh Chính ta yi liyafa ga Datin Malai Halimah, sabuwar jakadar Brunei da aka naɗa a Vietnam. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-07-06 |title=PM Pham Minh Chinh hosts Bruneian Ambassador |url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/pm-pham-minh-chinh-hosts-bruneian-ambassador/255884.vnp |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=en.vietnamplus.vn |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta hanyar ƙarin ziyara, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban, da aiwatar da yarjejeniyoyi masu mahimmanci, za ta ƙarfafa dangantakar ƙasashen biyu tsakanin Brunei da Vietnam a tsawon wa'adinta ta hanyar mai da hankali kan mai da iskar gas, sinadarai, abincin Halal, da yawon buɗe ido . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-07-06 |title=PM Pham Minh Chinh hosts Bruneian Ambassador |url=https://en.nhandan.vn/post-127194.html |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=en.nhandan.vn |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daraja ==
A tsawon aikinsa, ta sami kyaututtuka kamar haka;

* [[Fayil:Second_Class_of_the_Order_of_Seri_Paduka_Mahkota_Brunei_(DPMB).svg|50x50px]] Odar Seri Paduka Mahkota Brunei Na Biyu (DPMB; 15 Satumba 2013) - ''Datin Paduka'' &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Haji Abdul Rahman |first=Abu Bakar |date=2013-09-15 |title=24 orang dikurniakan bintang-bintang dan pingat-pingat |url=https://www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn/Arkib%20Dokumen/2013/September/HARI%20KEPUTERAAN_160913.pdf |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www.pelitabrunei.gov.bn |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

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'''Medius Kaharata Natukunda''' 'yar siyasa ce a ƙasar Uganda, kuma 'yar majalisar dokoki mace. A shekarar 2021, an zaɓe ta a matsayin wakiliyar mata a majalisar dokoki ta gundumar Rukungiri a lokacin babban zaɓen Uganda na shekarar 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 January 2021 |title=NRM storm lands in Rukungiri District, sweeps away Besigye's FDC |url=https://ugnews24.info/politics/nrm-storm-lands-in-rukungiri-district-sweeps-away-besigyes-fdc/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=UGNEWS24 |language=en-US |archive-date=20 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220195610/https://ugnews24.info/politics/nrm-storm-lands-in-rukungiri-district-sweeps-away-besigyes-fdc/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Benard |first=Mubiru |date=2021-07-27 |title=Rukungiri Legislator Excites Stranded BSU Students with Food Relief |url=https://campusbee.ug/featured/rukungiri-legislator-excites-stranded-bsu-students-with-food-relief/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Campus Bee |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Trumpet |first=Admin |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ita mamba ce a jam'iyyar siyasa mai mulki ta National Resistance Movement. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=Candidates in Rukungiri district complain about defaced posters |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/candidates-in-rukungiri-district-complain-about-defaced-posters/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 January 2021 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mukiibi |first=Everest |date=2022-06-27 |title=Rukungiri Woman MP asks government to consider enhancing salaries of Arts teachers too |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220627/139021/rukungiri-woman-mp-asks-government-to-consider-enhancing-salaries-of-arts-teachers-too.html |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==

* Jerin 'yan Majalisar Dokokin Uganda na 11.
* Ƙungiyar Juyin Juya Halin Ƙasa.
* Gundumar Rukungiri.
* Majalisar Uganda.
* Ɗan Majalisa.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Shafin yanar gizo na Majalisar Dokokin Uganda.]
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{{Databox}}

'''Martha Skelton Jefferson''' ( &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwEQ&quot;&gt;wanda aka fi sani da&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; '''Wayles''' ; 30 ga Oktoba, 1748 - 6 ga Satumba, 1782) ita ce matar [[Thomas Jefferson]] daga 1772 har zuwa rasuwarta a 1782. Ta yi aiki a matsayin Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Virginia a lokacin mulkin Jefferson a matsayin gwamna daga 1779 zuwa 1781. Ta mutu a 1782, shekaru 19 kafin ya zama shugaban kasa . &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wilson |first=Gaye |date=October 10, 1998 |title=Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson |url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/martha-wayles-skelton-jefferson |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=www.monticello.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=George Bush White House (Archives) |title=Biography of Martha Jefferson |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/history/firstladies/mj3.html |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin 'ya'ya shida da Thomas da Martha suka haifa, biyu ne kawai suka tsira har zuwa lokacin girma, Martha da Mary . Martha ta mutu watanni huɗu bayan haihuwar ɗanta na ƙarshe. [1] Wasikun ma'auratan ga juna sun ƙone, kodayake ba a san su ba, kuma Thomas ba kasafai yake magana game da ita ba, don haka har yanzu tana da wani irin sihiri. [2] (Hakazalika, Jefferson bai yi magana sosai game da mahaifiyarsa, Jane Randolph Jefferson ba.) [3] [lower-alpha 1]

A matsayinsa na bazawara, Thomas yana da dangantaka mai tsawo da 'ya'ya tare da 'yar'uwar Martha, Sally Hemings, wata mace da aka yi wa bauta wadda take da kashi uku cikin huɗu na 'ya'yanta farar fata. [1]

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Martha Wayles a ranar 30 ga Oktoba, 1748 (OS 19 ga Oktoba, 1748), ita ce kaɗai 'ya da ta rage da aka haifa wa Martha Eppes Wayles (1721–1748) da John Wayles (1715–1773), &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt; kusa da Colonial Williamsburg &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;/&gt; a gundumar Charles City, Virginia . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Forest |url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/forest |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=www.monticello.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mahaifiyar Martha, Martha Eppes Wayles, ta taɓa haihuwar tagwaye a shekarar 1746, amma babu wanda ya tsira; yarinyar ta mutu kuma yaron ya mutu sa'o'i bayan haihuwarsa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt; An yi wa Martha laƙabi da &quot;Patsy&quot;.  Mahaifin Martha John ɗan [[Lancaster]] ne wanda ya yi ƙaura zuwa Masarautun Goma Sha Uku wanda ke aiki a matsayin lauya kuma mai wadata a shuka da kuma [[Bauta a Tarihin Mulkin Mallaka na Amurka|dillalin bayi]] . Bugu da ƙari, wakili ne na kamfanin Farrell da Jones da ke [[Bristol]], yana gudanar da ayyuka kamar tattara bashi a madadinsu.   &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Berkes |first=Anna |date=November 12, 2007 |title=John Wayles |url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/john-wayles |access-date=December 31, 2019 |website=www.monticello.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Martha Eppes Wayles 'yar Francis Eppes ce, wani mazaunin Bermuda Daruruwan, &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt;  wani tsohon mulkin mallaka na Virginia da aka kafa a bakin Kogin Appomattox .  Duk da cewa ba a san komai game da rayuwar Martha Eppes Wayles ba, tana da sha'awar littattafai masu kyau, kamar littafin da ta fi so, ''Tristram Shandy''  da ''Les Aventures de Télémaque .'' (Sigar littafinta mai suna ''The Adventures of Telemachus'', ta ƙunshi sa hannunta a shafin taken littafin kuma tana nan a [[Dakin Karatu na Congres|Laburare na Congress]] ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sowerby Catalogue Volume IV : page 434 |url=http://tjlibraries.monticello.org/transcripts/sowerby/IV_434.html |access-date=January 2, 2020 |website=tjlibraries.monticello.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Martha Wayles tana da uwaye biyu, waɗanda ba su daɗe da yin aure bayan aurensu da John Wayles, kuma ta wurin uwar miji ɗaya, tana da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot;/&gt;  Wayles ta auri Tabitha Cocke, &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt;  {{Efn|His wife's name is also given as Mary Cocke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFV7DgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131 |title=Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves |last=Schwartz |first=Marie Jenkins |date=2017-04-06 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-46072-7 |page=131 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} na Malvern Hill . Suna da 'ya'ya huɗu: Sarah, Elizabeth, Tabitha da Anne. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt; Sarah ta mutu tun tana ƙarama. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt; Tabitha da Anne sun auri 'yan'uwan Skipwith, Robert da Henry, bi da bi. Tabitha Skipwith ta mutu da haihuwarta ta farko. Nancy Skipwith, &quot;Aunty Skipwith&quot; ga 'ya'yan Jefferson da jikoki, ta mutu a shekara ta 1798. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2020)&quot;&gt;an buƙata ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Elizabeth ta auri Francis Eppes, ɗan uwan Martha, kuma ta haifi 'ya'ya maza biyu, Richard da John Wayles Eppes, na biyun kuma ya auri 'yar Thomas Jefferson ta biyu, Mary Jefferson.  Matar Wayles ta biyu ta mutu ne bayan haihuwar Anne a watan Agusta na 1756 kuma kafin ya auri matarsa ta uku a watan Janairu na 1760. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt;

A ranar 26 ga Janairu, 1760, Wayles ya auri matarsa ta uku, Elizabeth Lomax Skelton (ita ce bazawarar Reuben Skelton, babban ɗan'uwan Bathurst Skelton, mijin 'yarsa Martha na farko). Ba tare da ta haifi ɗa da Wayles ba, ta mutu a ranar 10 ga Fabrairu, 1761. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot;/&gt; Daga nan John Wayles ya ɗauki Betty Hemings a matsayin ƙwarƙwararsa, ya kuma ba Martha ƙarin 'yan'uwa mata.  {{Efn|After the death of his third wife, Wayles took the then 26 year-old Betty Hemings as his mistress&lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - Wayles/Hemings&quot;&gt;[http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/john-wayles &quot;John Wayles&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120722015323/http://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/john-wayles |date=2012-07-22 }}, ''Thomas Jefferson Encyclopedia'', Monticello, accessed 10 March 2011. Sources cited on page: Madison Hemings, &quot;Life Among the Lowly,&quot; ''Pike County Republican'', March 13, 1873. Letter of December 20, 1802 from Thomas Gibbons, a Federalist planter of Georgia, to Jonathan Dayton, states that Sally Hemings &quot;is half sister to his [Jefferson's] first wife.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; or [[concubine]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - JW&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Blassingame |first=John |title=Slave Testimony: Two Centuries of Letters, Speeches, Interviews, and Autobiographies |page=475 |isbn=0807102733 |year=1977|publisher=LSU Press }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|Although there were sources that believed that Wayles fathered children with Betty Hemings, author William G. Hyland, Jr. did not believe that Wayles had Betty as a mistress.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hyland p. 219&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKUoCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA219 |title=Martha Jefferson: An Intimate Life with Thomas Jefferson |last=Hyland |first=William G. |date=2015-02-26 |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-3984-5 |pages=219 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=&quot;Hyland re: Hemings&quot;}} Born into slavery, the children of this union were three-quarters European in ancestry and half-siblings to Martha and Elizabeth Wayles.&lt;ref name=mont/&gt; The youngest was [[Sally Hemings]], born in July 1773, two months after her father's death.&lt;ref name=&quot;Watson&quot;&gt;[http://www.jeffersonlegacy.org/commentary.html Robert P. Watson and Richard Yon, &quot;The Unknown Presidential Wife: Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015061559/http://www.jeffersonlegacy.org/commentary.html |date=October 15, 2013 }}, Jefferson Legacy Foundation, 2003, Quote: &quot;(Wayles never remarried but had five children – Nance, Critta, Thenia, Peter, and Sally – to his slave Elizabeth &quot;Betty&quot; Hemings, the youngest of which would become famous for her relationship with Thomas Jefferson.)&quot; Note: This varies from the Monticello website on the number and some of the names. Accessed 7 January 2012&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.monticello.org/site/plantation-and-slavery/elizabeth-hemings &quot;Elizabeth Hemings&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213044901/https://www.monticello.org/site/plantation-and-slavery/elizabeth-hemings |date=2019-02-13 }}, ''Plantation and Slavery,'' Monticello, accessed 7 January 2012. Note: The Monticello website says that Hemings' children by Wayles were Robert, James, Thenia, Critta, Peter, and Sally.&lt;/ref&gt;}} Martha wataƙila ta sami iliminta - gami da adabi, rawa, kiɗa, yaren Faransa da nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki - daga masu koyarwa na sirri ko mata a cikin iyali. Ta zama &quot;Uwar Gidan&quot; bayan uwar gidanta ta biyu ta mutu lokacin da take da shekaru 13 kuma sau da yawa tana baƙunci ga tarurrukan zamantakewa na John Wayles kuma tana taimakawa wajen gudanar da harkokin kasuwancinsa da na gida.  Ta san yadda ake yin kyandirori, sabulu, man shanu da magunguna don cututtuka. 

== Aure da yara ==
Martha Wayles ta fara auren Bathurst Skelton (an haife ta a shekara ta 1744), lauya, a ranar 20 ga Nuwamba, 1766, yana da shekaru 18. An haifi ɗansu, John, a ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1767. Skelton ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1768. Daga nan Martha ta koma Dajin bayan mutuwar mijinta. John mai shekaru uku ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1771. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt; 

=== Thomas Jefferson ===
[[Fayil:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Mather_Brown.jpg|thumb|Mather Brown, ''Thomas Jefferson'', 1786, zanen mai, Gidan Tarihi na Ƙasa]]
Wataƙila [[Thomas Jefferson]] ya fara soyayya da Martha a watan Disamba na 1770. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt; Sun yi sha'awar hawa doki, adabi, da kiɗa.  A matsayin wani ɓangare na sadakin Martha don bikin aurensu na ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1772, &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;/&gt; Thomas da Martha sun sami kadarori, gami da gonar Elk Hill, inda Martha ta zauna tare da mijinta na farko,  da kuma bayi da yawa, wanda ya taimaka wa Thomas kammala ginin gidan Monticello da kuma shimfidar fili na eka 5,000 na gidan. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hendricks p. 20&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kranish p. 38&quot; /&gt; {{Efn|After the wedding, the couple left The Forest plantation for Monticello. A heavy snowfall began on the afternoon of their journey and produced two feet of snow. As a result, they had to forgo their carriage. Their horses were swapped for two fresh horses at [[Blenheim Vineyards#History|Blenheim Estate]] of Jefferson's friend, Edward Carter. Martha and Thomas completed the remaining seven-mile leg of their journey of narrow paths.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kranish p. 39&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/flightfrommontic0000kran |url-access=registration |title=Flight from Monticello: Thomas Jefferson at War |last=Kranish |first=Michael |date=2010-01-21 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-974590-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/flightfrommontic0000kran/page/39 39] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thomas Jefferson described his outlook for the marriage: &quot;In every schemings of happiness she is placed in the fore-ground of the picture, as the principal figure. Take that away, and it is not a picture for me.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kranish p. 39&quot; /&gt;}} Yayin da Monticello ke kan ginin kuma Thomas ba ya nan, Martha sau da yawa tana zama a gonar Elk Hill. 

Suna da 'ya'ya shida, amma 'ya'ya mata biyu ne kawai suka girma. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt; Wani ɗa da ba a ambaci sunansa ba, Jane Randolph, da Lucy Elizabeth, waɗanda suka mutu sakamakon tari mai tsanani, sun mutu tun suna jarirai. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot; /&gt; Babbar mace, Martha &quot;Patsy&quot; Jefferson, ce kawai ta tsira bayan shekaru 25: 

* Martha &quot;Patsy&quot; Jefferson &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;/&gt; (27 ga Satumba, 1772){{Spaced en dash}} 10 ga Oktoba, 1836)
* Jane Randolph Jefferson (Afrilu 3, 1774){{Spaced en dash}} Satumba 1775)
* ɗa wanda ba a san sunansa ba  (28 ga Mayu){{Spaced en dash}} 14 ga Yuni, 1777), ya rayu tsawon kwanaki 17
* Mary &quot;Maria ko Polly&quot; Jefferson &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot; /&gt; (1 ga Agusta, 1778{{Spaced en dash}} 17 ga Afrilu, 1804)
* Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (3 ga Nuwamba, 1780){{Spaced en dash}} 15 ga Afrilu, 1781)
* Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson (8 ga Mayu, 1782){{Spaced en dash}} {{Circa|October 13, 1784}} ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lucy Jefferson (1782-1784) &amp;#124; Thomas Jefferson's Monticello |url=https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/lucy-jefferson-1782-1784}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gidajen Bayi da Gidaje na Wayles ==
Martha da Thomas Jefferson sun sayi bayi da dama a matsayin wani ɓangare na sadakin aurenta, daga baya kuma daga gidan John Wayles, wanda ya sanya Thomas ya zama na biyu mafi girman mai bayi a gundumar Albemarle. Sadakin ya ƙara yawan bayin da ya mallaka daga 52 zuwa 187. 

Daga cikin bayi sama da 100 Baƙar fata da 'Yan Asalin ƙasar akwai Betty Hemings, 'yan asalin ƙasar, waɗanda suka fito daga kabilu daban-daban, da kuma 'ya'yanta 10 masu launin fata daban-daban. Ƙaramin, jariri, Sally Hemings ce. Ƙananan yara shida sun kasance kashi uku cikin huɗu na fararen fata a zuri'a da kuma 'yan'uwan Martha Wayles Jefferson, domin mahaifinta ne ya haife su. Betty kuma tana da 'ya'ya huɗu da aka haifa kafin na Wayles. Duk dangin Hemings sun sami matsayi na musamman a tsakanin bayi a Monticello, inda aka horar da su kuma aka yi musu aiki a matsayin bayin gida, masu dafa abinci, da kuma ƙwararrun masu sana'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Monticello Explorer: Elizabeth Hemings (1735-1807) |url=http://explorer.monticello.org/text/index.php?id=25&amp;type=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402091744/http://explorer.monticello.org/text/index.php?id=25&amp;type=7 |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=20 October 2017 |website=explorer.monticello.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sally Hemings, wacce John Wayles ya haifa, ita ce 'yar'uwar Martha Wayles Jefferson, kuma batun badakala ne game da dangantakarta da Thomas Jefferson. 

Mahaifin Martha, John Wayles, ya mutu yana da shekaru 58 a shekara ta 1773. Ya bar kadarori masu yawa, ciki har da bayi, amma kadarorin sun cika da bashi.  Bayan mutuwar Wayles, an kai Betty Hemings da 'ya'yanta shida tare da John Wayles &quot;ba tare da wata shakka ba&quot; zuwa Monticello don hana raba Hemings.  Kadarorin sun kai darajar £30,000, amma suna bin Farrell da Jones a Bristol kan £11,000. Wayles surukai uku, ciki har da Thomas Jefferson, sun yanke shawarar raba kadarorin da basussukan da ke cikinsu.  Martha da mijinta Thomas Jefferson sun gaji gonakin Willis Creek da Elk Hill da jimillar mutane 135, ciki har da 'yan gidan Hemings .  Sun kuma gaji bashin £4,000.  Jefferson da sauran masu haɗin gwiwa na gidan Wayles sun yi aiki tsawon shekaru don biyan bashin  kuma babban bashin ya haifar da lalacewar kuɗi ga Thomas Jefferson. 

== Bayanin Zamani ==
Babu wani hoton Martha Jefferson da ya tsira a wannan lokacin, amma 'yan uwa da Isaac Granger Jefferson sun bayyana ta a matsayin ƙarama, mai kyau, kuma kyakkyawa, kuma kamar 'yarta, Mary Jefferson Eppes . Robert Skipwith, mijin 'yar uwarta, ya bayyana ta a matsayin wacce ta mallaki &quot;... mafi girman asusun kyawawan halaye ... cewa haske da hankali wanda ke alƙawarin tabbatar muku da mafi girman farin ciki da mutane za su iya morewa.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt; Yayin da Thomas ke gina Monticello, ya sami piano forte daga Ingila don Martha a matsayin kyautar aure.  Ta buga harpsichord piano forte, yayin da Thomas Jefferson ke buga violin. An ruwaito cewa Martha ta buga harpsichord &quot;da ƙwarewa kuma wacce, a kowane fanni, mace ce mai hankali da ƙwarewa,&quot; a cewar wani jami'in Hessian, Jacob Rubsamen, wanda ya ziyarci Monticello a 1780. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot; /&gt;
[[Fayil:Monticello_original_front_elevation_drawing_1771.jpeg|left|thumb|Zane na Monticello na farko, 1771]]
A cewar 'yarta, Martha Jefferson ta kasance mai ilimi sosai kuma mai son kiɗa, mai karatu koyaushe, mai kyawawan halaye da kuma halin rai wanda wani lokacin ya yi daidai da rashin kunya. Tana da matuƙar ƙaunar mijinta. Tana da ɗan tsayin {{Convert|5|ft|cm}} tsayi, mai siffar haske, gashin auburn, da idanu hazel.  &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;/&gt; Ta kasance ƙwararren mai allura, wasu daga cikin kayan aikinta har yanzu suna nan.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Hendricks p. 19&quot; /&gt; Martha ta adana tarin bayanai game da ayyukanta na gida da girke-girke, kamar yanka nama da warkar da nama da ƙirƙirar manyan sabulu mai laushi da tauri, kyandirori, da giya. A shekararta ta farko ta aure, ta fara yin giya, tana samar da {{Convert|170|usgal|L}} a wannan shekarar. 

== Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Virginia ==
[[Fayil:The_Governor's_Palace_--_Williamsburg_(VA)_September_2012.jpg|alt=Governor's Palace|thumb|Fadar Gwamna, gidan Gwamna Jefferson da ke Williamsburg]]
Martha Jefferson ita ce Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa ta Virginia daga 1779 zuwa 1781, a lokacin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka .  A wannan matsayin, kuma a matsayin amsa ga buƙatar Martha Washington, Mrs. Jefferson ta jagoranci mata a Virginia don tara kuɗi da kayayyaki ga sojojin jihanta a cikin Rundunar Sojojin Nahiyar har zuwa inda lafiyarta ta tanada.  Wasikar da aka aika wa mahaifiyar [[James Madison]], Eleanor Conway Madison, ita ce kawai wasiƙar da Martha Jefferson ta rubuta da aka sani a yanzu.  Ta buga roƙo a cikin ''Virginia Gazette'', tana sanar da cewa za a karɓi kuɗi a cikin coci-coci. A ƙasa baki ɗaya, ƙungiyar mata ta tara dala $300,000 don siyan rigunan lilin ga sojojin Washington. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kukla&quot; /&gt; 

== Matsalolin lafiya ==
[[Fayil:Thomas_Jefferson_Gravesite_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Makabartar Iyalan Monticello, gami da kabarin Thomas Jefferson]]
Gudanar da gidan Jefferson ya zama da wahala ga Martha Jefferson, wacce ta fuskanci aƙalla shari'ar cutar ƙanjamau sau ɗaya, wataƙila ta kamu da [[ciwon suga]], kuma ta raunana saboda yawan ɗaukar ciki da ta yi,  wanda a ƙarshe zai kashe ta.  Ta gudu daga Richmond kafin sojojin Birtaniya su ci gaba da kai hari a farkon Janairu 1781, kuma ta guji kai hari kan Monticello a watan Yuni na wannan shekarar, &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;/&gt; tana sane da cewa 'yan Birtaniya suna da sha'awar kama ta ko mijinta. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hendricks pp. 20–21&quot; /&gt; Jaririyar, Lucy Elizabeth ta Ɗaya, ta yi rashin lafiya a lokacin da aka kwashe ta daga gidan daga watan Janairu kuma ba ta warke ba, ta mutu a 1781 a ranar 15 ga Afrilu. 

Thomas ya takaita aikinsa na siyasa saboda lafiyarta. &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot;/&gt; Jefferson ya kasance a [[Philadelphia]] don Babban Taron Nahiyar Nahiyar Na Biyu a 1776, inda ya tsara Sanarwar 'Yanci na tsawon makonni biyu a watan Yunin 1776. Yana son komawa gare ta da wuri-wuri.  Thomas ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamna da kuma Majalisar Wakilai a Virginia. Ya ƙi tayin yin aiki a matsayin kwamishina ga Faransa da Majalisar Nahiyar ta yi yayin da take da rai. &lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot; /&gt; {{Efn|He served as commissioner to France beginning in 1784. He took his eldest child, Patsy, with him and later sent for his second daughter, Polly.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBWH - First Ladies&quot; /&gt;}}

== Mutuwa ==
An ruwaito cewa haihuwar Lucy Elizabeth II, ƙaramin ɗansu, a watan Mayu na 1782 ita ce mafi wahalar ciki ga Mrs. Jefferson, tunda jaririn ya wuce kilo 16 a lokacin haihuwa.  {{Efn|Martha wrote the following from ''[[Tristram Shandy]]'' just before she died.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hendricks p. 23&quot; /&gt;

{{Quote frame 
| align=center
| author=[[Laurence Sterne]]
| quote=
''Tristram Shandy''&lt;br&gt;
Time wastes too fast: every letter&lt;br /&gt;
I trace tells me with what rapidity&lt;br /&gt;
life follows my pen. The days and hours&lt;br /&gt;
of it are flying over our heads like&lt;br /&gt;
clouds of windy day never to return–&lt;br /&gt;
more. Every thing presses on–
}} On the same document, Thomas responded to these lines with &quot;and every time I kiss thy hand to bid adieu, every absence which follows it, are preludes to that eternal separation which we are shortly to make!&quot; It is the rare document that Thomas Jefferson did not destroy of his wife's handwriting.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hendricks p. 23&quot; /&gt; Thomas had written to [[François-Jean de Chastellux|Marquis de Chastellux]] of his state of suspense over the summer following the birth of Lucy Elizabeth.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot; /&gt;}} Edmund Randolph ya rubuta a watan mutuwarta cewa Thomas &quot;ba shi da ta'aziyya&quot; game da raguwar lafiyar Martha da radadin da take ji.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt;

Lafiyar Mrs. Jefferson ta tabarbare kuma ta mutu a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 1782, watanni huɗu bayan haihuwar ɗanta na ƙarshe.  {{Efn|At his wife's death, Thomas &quot;was led from the room almost in a state of insensibility by his sister Mrs. Carr, who, with great difficulty, got him into his library where he fainted, and remained so long insensible that they feared he would never revive.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Watson&quot;/&gt; After the funeral, he withdrew to his room for three weeks. Afterward, he spent hours riding horseback alone around Monticello. His daughter Martha Jefferson Randolph wrote, &quot;In those melancholy rambles I was his constant companion, a solitary witness to many a violent burst of grief.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Watson&quot; /&gt; Not until mid-October did Jefferson begin to resume a normal life when he wrote, &quot;emerging from that stupor of mind which had rendered me as dead to the world as was she whose loss occasioned it.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Watson&quot; /&gt;}}

An binne ta a Monticello kuma an rubuta dutsen kabarinta da kalmomi da Thomas ya rubuta, wanda ƙarshen littafin ya ce: &quot;An tsage shi daga gare shi ta hanyar mutuwa. Satumba 6, 1782. An rubuta wannan abin tunawa na ƙaunarsa&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Monticello - MWSJ&quot;/&gt;

Domin kada 'ya'yanta su girma tare da uwayen mata,  Martha ta roƙi Thomas Jefferson da kada ya sake yin aure, kuma bai taɓa yin hakan ba. An danganta buƙatarta da dangantakarta da uwarta. A lokacin mutuwarta, tana da shekaru 33; yana da shekaru 39. 

== Gado ==
An dauki hoton Martha Jefferson ta hannun Blythe Danner a fim din 1972 ''mai suna 1776'' .

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Notelist}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifsFKepTCQ4 Colonial Williamsburg: Hira da Martha Jefferson], YouTube
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071029181826/http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/Martha_Wayles_Skelton_Jefferson Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson], Monticello: Domin samun ingantattun bayanai da masana tarihi suka rubuta kuma suka tsara a Monticello na Thomas Jefferson.
* Tarihin [http://archive.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3 Martha Jefferson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130150544/http://archive.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=3 |date=2024-11-30 }}, Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa
{{Thomas Jefferson|state=expanded}}{{Authority control}}
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  <page>
    <title>Miriem Bensalah-Chaqroun</title>
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      <text bytes="10149" sha1="j320s600t7putrbtpoe0kzonjhegzrp" xml:space="preserve">'''Miriem Bensalah-Chaqroun''' 'yar kasuwa ce ta ƙasar [[Moroko|Maroko]] . Ita ce Shugaba kuma mataimakiyar shugaban Oulmes Mineral Water na {{Interlanguage link|Groupe Holmarcom|fr}}. Ita ce shugabar Confédération générale des entreprises du Maroc daga 2012 zuwa 2018. Ta sami ''Wissam Al-Moukafa Al-Watania'' (Order of National Merit) a cikin 2013, Order of Civil Merit a cikin 2017 da Legion of Honour a cikin 2020.

== Tarihin rayuwa ==
A lokacin tafiya zuwa [[Rabat]] a watan Fabrairun 2019, Yarima Harry, Duke na Sussex, da [[Meghan, Duchess of Sussex|Meghan, Duchess na Sussex]] sun gudanar da tattaunawa da fitattun 'yan kasuwa da yawa ciki har da Bensalah-Chaqroun . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=Après Asni et Marrakech, le prince Harry et Meghan Markle poursuivent leur séjour à Rabat |url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/entry/apres-marrakech-le-prince-harry-et-meghan-markle-poursuivent-leur-sejour-a-rabat_mg_5c73b3f6e4b03cfdaa578025 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325120202/https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/entry/apres-marrakech-le-prince-harry-et-meghan-markle-poursuivent-leur-sejour-a-rabat_mg_5c73b3f6e4b03cfdaa578025 |archive-date=March 25, 2019 |access-date=24 March 2019 |website=Al HuffPost Maghreb |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 February 2019 |title=King Mohammed VI Offers Tea Ceremony in Honor of Prince Harry, Duchess Meghan |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/02/266670/king-mohammed-vi-offers-tea-ceremony-in-honor-of-prince-harry-duchess-meghan/ |access-date=25 March 2019 |website=[[Morocco World News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyuka ==
A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2012, Confédération générale des entreprises du Maroc (CGEM) ta zabi Bensalah-Chaqroun a matsayin shugaban kasa, [1] wanda ya sa ta zama mace ta farko da ta jagoranci kungiyar. Bayan sake zaben a shekarar 2015, Sarki Mohammed VI ya aika da taya murna kuma ya yi fatan nasarar ta, yana mai ambaton &quot;kasar kishin kasa ta gaskiya&quot; da &quot;karɓar tattaunawa mai kyau tare da duk abokan tattalin arziki, zamantakewa da siyasa a Maroko&quot;.[2] A karkashin shugabancinta, Bensalah-Chaqroun ta sami matsayin mai lura da CGEM a Taron Canjin Yanayi na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na 2016 a Marrakech . [3] Ta kammala wa'adin ta na biyu kuma na karshe a matsayin shugaban kasa a watan Mayu 2018.[4]

A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2012, Bensalah-Chaqroun ya shiga kwamitin daraktocin kamfanin tauraron dan adam na Turai Eutelsat . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Eutelsat Communications |date=8 November 2012 |title=Eutelsat Communications: Assemblée générale annuelle du 8 novembre 2012 |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/eutelsat-communications--assemblee-generale-annuelle-du-8-novembre-2012-177925841.html |access-date=26 March 2019 |website=PR Newswire |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ranar 15 ga Yuni 2017 an nada ta a matsayin darakta na Renault,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 June 2017 |title=Miriem Bensalah-Chaqroun Appointed Independent Director on Renault Board |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/06/220051/miriem-bensalah-chaqroun-renault-board/ |access-date=26 March 2019 |website=Morocco World News}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma dole ne ta sauka a matsayin darekta na Eutelsat don karɓar matsayin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Savage |first=Thomas |date=16 June 2017 |title=Miriem Bensalah-Chaqroun élue au conseil d'administration du groupe Renault |url=https://telquel.ma/2017/06/16/miriem-bensalah-chaqroun-elue-au-conseil-dadministration-du-groupe-renault_1550933 |access-date=26 March 2019 |website=Telquel |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Connor |first=Vanessa |last2=Ecuer |first2=Marie-Sophie |date=12 June 2017 |title=Miriem Bensalah Chaqroun Steps Down from the Board of Directors of Eutelsat Communications |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170611005089/en/Miriem-Bensalah-Chaqroun%C2%A0Steps-Board-Directors-of%C2%A0Eutelsat-Communications |access-date=26 March 2019 |website=Businesswire |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fayil:President_Trump's_Trip_to_Germany_and_the_G20_Summit_(35706156231).jpg|right|thumb|Bensalah-Chaqroun (jerin gaba, na huɗu daga dama) tare da shugabannin duniya a taron G20 Hamburg na 2017Taron G20 na Hamburg na 2017]]
An gayyaci Bensalah-Chaqroun zuwa taron koli na G20 Hamburg na 2017 daga shugaban Bankin Duniya, Jim Yong Kim, don taimakawa wajen ƙaddamar da Shirin Kasuwancin Mata na Bankin Duniya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Amoussou |first=Roland |date=7 July 2017 |title=Meriem Bensalah-Chaqroun au G20 |url=https://www.challenge.ma/meriem-bensalah-chaqroun-au-g20-85963/ |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Challenge |language=fr-FR |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627233412/https://www.challenge.ma/meriem-bensalah-chaqroun-au-g20-85963/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Majdi |first=Yassine |date=10 July 2017 |title=Les raisons de la présence de Miriem Bensalah au G20 |url=https://telquel.ma/2017/07/10/ce-que-meriem-bensalah-est-alle-faire-au-sommet-du-g20_1553482 |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Telquel |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;G20 African Post&quot; /&gt; Ta kuma shiga cikin kwamitin da [[Chrystia Freeland]] ta shirya inda ta gabatar da batutuwan da ke fuskantar 'yan kasuwa mata a Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka.&lt;ref name=&quot;G20 African Post&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 July 2017 |title=Meriem Chaqroun Bensaleh Promotes Women Entrepreneurship at G20 |url=http://northafricapost.com/18733-meriem-chaqroun-bensaleh-promotes-women-entrepreneurship-g20.html |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=The North Africa Post}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bensalah-Chaqroun a halin yanzu shine babban jami'in zartarwa na Les Eaux Minérales d'Oulmès, kuma darektan Holmarcom.&lt;ref name=&quot;G20 African Post&quot;/&gt;

== Daraja da kyaututtuka ==
A ranar 30 ga watan Yulin shekara ta 2013, a wani liyafar ranar kursiyin, Sarki Mohammed VI ya ba da kyautar Bensalah-Chaqroun tare da ''Wissam Al-Moukafa Al-Watania'' (Order of National Merit) tare da matsayin Babban Jami'in.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 July 2013 |title=S.M. le Roi préside à Casablanca une réception à l'occasion de la Fête du Trône |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2013/s-m--le-roi-preside-a-casablanca-une-reception-a-l-occasion-de-la-fete-du-trone/185914.html |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=[[Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb|Le Matin]] |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A wani bikin a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun 2017, jakadan Spain Ricardo Díez-Hochleitner, a madadin Sarki Felipe VI, ya ba Bensalah-Chaqroun lambar yabo ta Civil Merit saboda gudummawar da ta bayar ga dangantakar tattalin arziki tsakanin Spain da Morocco.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 January 2017 |title=Miriem Bensalah Awarded a Spanish Decoration |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/01/205628/miriem-bensalah-awarded-spanish-decoration/ |access-date=30 March 2019 |website=Morocco World News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 January 2017 |title=Miriem Bensalah-Chaqroun Awarded a Spanish Decoration |url=http://www.aui.ma/en/spotlights/3319-miriem-bensalah-chaqroun-awarded-a-spanish-decoration.html |access-date=30 March 2019 |website=Al Akhawayn |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331165727/http://www.aui.ma/en/spotlights/3319-miriem-bensalah-chaqroun-awarded-a-spanish-decoration.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 29 ga Maris, 2019, Bensalah-Chaqroun ya karbi kyautar Fès Gate 2019 daga Idriss Azami Al Idrissi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 March 2019 |title=Femme de l'année.. Meriem Bensalah Chaqroun reçoit le trophée &quot;Fès Gate 2019&quot; |url=http://www.btpnews.ma/femme-de-lannee-meriem-bensalah-chaqroun-recoit-le-trophee-fes-gate-2019/ |access-date=1 April 2019 |website=BTP News |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Forbes Gabas ta Tsakiya ta lissafa Bensalah-Chaqroun a matsayin mace ta goma sha biyar mafi iko a ƙarƙashin rukunin kasuwancin iyali a cikin 2014, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 August 2014 |title=200 Most Powerful Arab Women – 2014: Family Business |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/200-most-powerful-arab-women-2014-family-business/mona-zulficar |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Forbes Middle East |page=2 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401030803/https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/200-most-powerful-arab-women-2014-family-business/mona-zulficar |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; mata 'yan kasuwa Larabawa masu iko a cikin 2017, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bennis |first=Adnane |date=16 September 2014 |title=Three Moroccan Women Among Forbes' 200 Most Powerful Arab Women |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2014/09/139244/three-moroccan-women-among-forbes-200-most-powerful-arab-women/ |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Morocco World News}}&lt;/ref&gt; da kuma mace ta ashirin da shida mafi tasiri a cikin 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Koura |first=Chloe |date=18 July 2017 |title=Who Are the 6 Moroccans in Forbes' Most Powerful Arab Women 2017? |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2017/07/223515/6-moroccans-forbes-powerful-arab-women-2017/ |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Morocco World News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 July 2017 |title=The Top 100 Most Powerful Arab Businesswomen 2017 |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/the-top-100-most-powerful-arab-businesswomen-2017/christine-sfeir |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Forbes Middle East |page=3 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401030754/https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/the-top-100-most-powerful-arab-businesswomen-2017/christine-sfeir |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 November 2018 |title=Most Influential Women 2018 |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/most-influential-women-2018/halla-sakr |access-date=31 March 2019 |website=Forbes Middle East |page=3 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401030800/https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/profile/most-influential-women-2018/halla-sakr |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ranar 10 ga Maris, 2020, an yi mata ado a matsayin Knight of the Legion of Honour . 

== Manazarta ==

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    <title>Martha Washington</title>
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Martha Dandridge Custis Washington (2 ga Yuni, 1731 OS - 22 ga Mayu, 1802) ita ce matar George Washington, wanda ya kasance Uba na farko kuma shugaban Amurka na farko. Duk da cewa ba a ƙirƙiro wannan muƙamin ba sai bayan rasuwarta, ta yi aiki a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ta farko a Amurka, inda ta bayyana rawar da matar shugaban ƙasa ke takawa da kuma kafa misalai da dama da matan shugaban ƙasa na gaba suka taka. A lokacin mulkinta, ana kiranta da &quot;Lady Washington&quot;. Masana tarihi suna kiran Washington a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mata na farko a duniya.

Martha Dandridge ta auri Daniel Parke Custis a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1750. [1] [2] Suna da 'ya'ya huɗu, ɗaya kawai ya tsira har zuwa lokacin girmanta. [1] Ta yi bazawara a watan Yulin 1757 tana da shekaru 26, ta gaji babban kadarori, kuma ta sake yin aure da George Washington a watan Janairun 1759, ta koma gonarsa, Mount Vernon . Ƙaramar 'yarta ta mutu sakamakon farfadiya a 1773, kuma Washington ba ta iya ɗaukar 'ya'ya nata ba. Washington ta zama alama ta Juyin Juya Halin Amurka bayan an naɗa mijinta babban kwamandan rundunar sojojin nahiyar . A lokacin yaƙin, ta taka rawar uwa, tana ziyartar sansanonin sojoji lokacin da yaƙi ya tsaya a kowace hunturu. Ɗanta ɗaya tilo da ya rage, John Parke Custis, ya mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya a sansani a lokacin yaƙin. Bayan yaƙin ya ƙare a 1783, ta nemi yin ritaya a Mount Vernon, amma ta koma rayuwar jama'a lokacin da mijinta ya zama shugaban Amurka a 1789.

Lady Washington ta ɗauki matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa a zamantakewa ba tare da son rai ba, ta zama shahararriyar ƙasa a cikin wannan tsari. Ta ga wannan rayuwar ba ta da daɗi, tana jin cewa tana da takura kuma tana fatan yin ritaya. Baya ga ɗaukar nauyin tarurrukan zamantakewa na mako-mako, Washington ta fahimci cewa yadda take tsara kanta zai nuna al'ummarta, a cikin gida da kuma ƙasashen waje. Saboda haka, ta daidaita tsakanin mutuncin da ke tattare da matar [[Shugaban kasa|shugaban ƙasa]] da kuma tawali'u da ke tattare da gwamnatin jamhuriya . 'Yan Washington sun koma Mount Vernon a shekarar 1797, kuma Washington ta shafe shekarun ritayarta tana gaishe da masu sha'awarta da kuma ba wa magadanta shawara. Ta sake zama bazawara a karo na biyu a shekarar 1799, kuma ta mutu bayan 'yan shekaru a shekarar 1802.

== Rayuwar Farko (1731–1748) ==
[[Fayil:Martha_Dandridge_(when_Martha_Washington_was_eight_years_old)_1739.jpg|left|thumb|231x231px|Dandridge yana da shekaru takwas]]
[[Fayil:Coat_of_Arms_of_William_Dandridge.svg|thumb|Alamar Makamai ta William Dandridge II]]
An haifi Martha Dandridge a ranar 2 ga Yuni, 1731, a gonar iyayenta ta taba,  : 9 Ita ce babbar ' yar Frances Jones, 'yar siyasa Orlando Jones kuma jikanyar wani shugaban cocin Anglican ,   : 2 da kuma John Dandridge, wani mai shuka a Virginia &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 2 da kuma magatakardar gundumar &lt;ref name=&quot;watson&quot; /&gt; : 9 wanda ya yi ƙaura daga Ingila . Tana da 'yan'uwa uku da 'yan'uwa mata huɗu: John (1733–1749), William (1734–1776), Bartholomew (1737–1785), Anna Maria &quot;Fanny&quot; Bassett (1739–1777), Frances Dandridge (1744–1757), Elizabeth Aylett Henley (1749–1800), da Mary Dandridge (1756–1763). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Cary |first=Wilson Miles |date=July 1896 |title=The Dandridges of Virginia |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=30–39 |doi=10.2307/1921234 |jstor=1921234}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na babba cikin takwas, ciki har da 'yar'uwa ɗaya wacce take da shekaru 25 a duniya, Dandridge ta taka rawar uwa da ta gida tun daga farkon rayuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;watson&quot; /&gt; : 10 Dandridge yana iya samun wata 'yar'uwa mace wadda ba ta da aure wadda aka haifa a cikin bauta, Ann Dandridge Costin,  da kuma wani ɗan'uwa farar fata, Ralph Dandridge.  : 26–27 

Mahaifin Dandridge yana da alaƙa da masu sarauta na Virginia duk da rashin wadata, kuma an koya mata ta yi hali a matsayin mace mai daraja ta biyu.  Dandridge ta sami ilimi mai inganci ga 'yar mai shuka, kodayake har yanzu bai kai na 'yan uwanta ba.  Ta fara hawan doki, a wani lokaci tana hawa dokinta sama da ƙasa a kan matattakalar gidan kawunta kuma ta tsere wa hukunci saboda mahaifinta ya yi matukar mamakin ƙwarewarta.  : 8 

== Aure da Daniel Parke Custis (174–1757) ==
A shekara ta 1749, Dandridge ya haɗu da Daniel Parke Custis, ɗan wani attajiri mai shuka a Virginia.  Suna son yin aure, amma mahaifin ango na Dandridge, John Custis, ya kasance mai zaɓe sosai game da wacce mace za ta aura cikin dukiyar iyalin. Daga ƙarshe ta sami amincewarsa, kuma Dandridge ya auri Custis, wanda ya girme ta shekaru ashirin, a ranar 15 ga Mayu, 1750. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Custis |first=Daniel Parke |date=May 15, 1750 |title=Photocopy of Genealogical notes from the Custis-Lee Bible, 1710-1859 |journal=Genealogical Notes from the Custis-Lee Bible, 1710-1859}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=First Marriage and Children |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/martha-washington/marthas-first-marriage-children/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230910022930/https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/martha-washington/marthas-first-marriage-children/ |archive-date=September 10, 2023 |access-date=November 13, 2023 |publisher=[[Mount Vernon Ladies' Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan sun yi aure, Custis ta ƙaura tare da mijinta zuwa gidansa da ke Fadar White House Plantation a Kogin Pamunkey, inda suka haifi 'ya'ya huɗu: Daniel Jr. (1751–1754), Frances (1753–1757), John (1754–1781), da Martha (1756–1773).  : 4 Daniel Parke Custis yana ɗaya daga cikin mutane mafiya arziki a yankin Virginia, haka kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bayi, yana da kusan bayi 300. 
[[Fayil:Martha_Washington_LCCN2003666398.jpg|thumb|Martha Dandridge Custis a shekarar 1757: Zane-zanen John Chester Buttre bayan hoton [[John Wollaston (mai zane)|John Wollaston]]]]
Custis ta zama bazawara tana da shekaru 26 lokacin da mijinta ya mutu (watakila saboda mummunan kamuwa da makogwaro). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brady |first=Patricia |date=December 7, 2020 |title=Daniel Parke Custis (1711–1757) |url=https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/custis-daniel-parke-1711-1757 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124012649/https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/custis-daniel-parke-1711-1757/ |archive-date=November 24, 2023 |access-date=November 13, 2023 |publisher=[[Virginia Humanities#Encyclopedia Virginia|Encyclopedia Virginia]]/[[Dictionary of Virginia Biography]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bayan rasuwarsa, Custis ya gaji babban kadarar da ya gada daga mahaifinsa a baya.  Ta kuma sami kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kadararsa kai tsaye, kuma sauran kashi biyu bisa uku an ba wa 'ya'yansu biyu ƙanana. Jimillar gadon ya kai kimanin $33,000 ( equivalent to $1,167,043 a shekarar 2025 ), eka 17,000 na ƙasa, da ɗaruruwan bayi.  : 2 Batutuwan shari'a da na kuɗi na gadon sun kawo wa Custis babban nauyi yayin da take renon 'ya'yanta biyu da suka rage kuma tana baƙin cikin rashin mijinta, 'ya'yanta biyu, da mahaifinta.  : 4 An kuma bar mata alhakin kula da gonaki da kuma kula da lafiyar bayi. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 2 A cewar marubucin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;ta iya sarrafa gonaki biyar da suka rage mata lokacin da mijinta na farko ya mutu, tana ciniki da 'yan kasuwar London don mafi kyawun farashin taba&quot;. 

== Shekarun farko na auren George Washington (1758-1774) ==

=== Zama da aure ===
[[Fayil:The_Marriage_of_Washington_to_Martha_Custis_by_Junius_Brutus_Stear.jpg|thumb|''Auren Washington da Martha Custis'' ta Junius Brutus Stears (1849)]]
A wani labari, Custis ya haɗu da George Washington a lokacin zaman zamantakewa na Williamsburg, kuma sun yi soyayya a cikin watanni masu zuwa a lokacin hutunsa daga aikin soja.  : 4 Wani kuma, Kanar Chamberlayne, wanda ya san juna, ne ya gabatar da su lokacin da suka kwana a gidansa a watan Mayu na shekarar 1758.  {{Rp|pages=8–9}}Sun yi aure a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 1759, a gonar Fadar White House . &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 5 

Ma'auratan sun yi bikin amarci a gonar dangin Custis da ke Fadar White House,  : 124 sai kuma ta zauna a Williamsburg inda mijinta ya kasance wakili a Majalisar Burgesses kafin ya kafa gida a gidansa na Mount Vernon .  : 3 A lokacin da aka yi aurensu, tana ɗaya daga cikin zawarawa mafi arziki a Masarautun Goma Sha Uku .  : 27 Aurensu ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin farin ciki tsawon shekaru 40 da suka biyo baya, wani ɓangare saboda irin wannan ra'ayinsu na duniya.  : 4 Aure ne da aka gina bisa girmama juna da kuma halaye iri ɗaya, tare da kiyaye jadawali iri ɗaya a rayuwar yau da kullun da kuma fifita iyali da suna fiye da farin ciki da mugunta.  : 11 

=== Dutsen Vernon ===
Daga 1759 zuwa 1775, mutanen Washington suna zaune a Dutsen Vernon inda suke kula da gonarsu.  Washington tana kula da gida kuma tana karɓar baƙi akai-akai. Tana saka da kula da yin tufafi, kuma ta zama mai hazaka wajen warkar da nama a cikin gidan hayakinsu .  : 3 Washington tana yin nishaɗi kusan kowace rana, tana samun baƙi don cin abincin dare ko kuma don zama na dogon lokaci yayin da iyalin suka fi shahara a cikin siyasa da zamantakewa na Virginia.  : 5 Mijin Washington ya yi amfani da dukiyarta don faɗaɗa gidansu da ke Mount Vernon ya kuma mayar da shi gidan da ya fi riba. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 3 

'Yan Washington ba su da 'ya'ya tare, amma sun renon 'ya'yan Martha guda biyu da suka rage. Ta kasance mai kare su sosai, musamman bayan 'ya'yanta biyu da suka gabata sun mutu kuma an gano cewa Patsy tana da [[Farfaɗiya|farfadiya]] .  : 3 A shekara ta 1773, Patsy ta mutu tana da shekaru 17 a lokacin da take fama da farfadiya . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Doherty |first=Michael J. |date=August 2004 |title=The sudden death of Patsy Custis, or George Washington on sudden unexplained death in epilepsy |journal=Epilepsy &amp; Behavior |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=598–600 |doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.03.010 |pmid=15256201 |s2cid=21485281}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Yaro na ƙarshe da ya rage a Washington, John, ya bar Kwalejin King a lokacin kaka kuma ya auri Eleanor Calvert a watan Fabrairun 1774. &lt;ref name=&quot;Yates&quot; /&gt; Washington sun yi fatan samun ƙarin yara a duk lokacin aurensu, amma ba su iya ɗaukar ciki ba. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 3–4 

== Juyin Juya Halin Amurka (1775–1789) ==

=== Juyin juya halin farko ===
[[Fayil:Martha_Washington_by_Rembrandt_Peale_c1856.png|thumb|Martha Washington ta Rembrandt Peale, ''kimanin'' 1856, bisa ga hoton mahaifinsa, Charles Willson Peale]]
Rayuwar Washington ta katse yayin da juyin juya halin Amurka ya tsananta a shekarun 1770.  : 4 Duk da cewa an yaɗa jita-jita cewa ita mai biyayya ce, Washington ta ci gaba da raba ra'ayoyin siyasa na mijinta.  : 3–4 Ta goyi bayan rawar da ya taka a cikin ƙungiyar Patriots da kuma aikinsa na haɓaka imaninsa game da manufar. Ta zauna a Dutsen Vernon lokacin da aka naɗa shi babban kwamandan rundunar sojojin nahiyar a shekara ta 1775, tana kula da gina sabbin fikafikai a gidansu. Daga nan ta ƙaura zuwa gidan surukinta don kada ta zama abin da ake nema a lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka . &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 4 

Juyin juya halin shine karo na farko a aurensu da suka rabu na tsawon lokaci. A kaka ta 1775, Washington ta yi tafiya zuwa Massachusetts don ganawa da mijinta.  : 6 A tafiyarta ta arewa, ta fara samun matsayin shahararriyar jaruma a matsayin matar wani babban janar. &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 6 Ta haɗu da shi a Cambridge, inda shi da sauran jami'an rundunar sojojin nahiyar ke aiki. Yayin da take zama a Cambridge, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai masaukin baki ga baƙin jami'an.  : 4 Tana kuma dinka tufafi ga sojoji yayin da take sansani, tana ƙarfafa matan sauran jami'ai su yi haka, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙirƙirar da'irar dinki wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ƙoƙarin yaƙin.  : 5 Duk da cewa ta ɓoye shi daga waɗanda ke kewaye da ita, Washington ta tsorata da harbin bindiga da ake ji daga kewayen Boston da ke kusa. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 4 Ta raka mijinta lokacin da aka mayar da ayyukanta zuwa New York, amma an tura ta zuwa Philadelphia yayin da sojojin Birtaniya ke ƙara kusantowa. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 5 Kowace bazara, idan rikici ya sake barkewa, sai ta koma Dutsen Vernon. &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 7 

=== Amurka Mai Zaman Kanta ===
Juyin Juya Halin Amurka ya ƙara zama abin damuwa ga Martha bayan sanya hannu kan Sanarwar 'Yanci, yayin da George ke fuskantar ƙarin haɗari a fagen daga.  : 5 Kowace lokacin hunturu, Washington ta kan haɗu da mijinta a sansaninsa yayin da yaƙi ke tsayawa. Ingancin gidanta ya bambanta a lokacin waɗannan ziyarar, duka cikin jin daɗi da aminci. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 5 Janar Gilbert Lafayette ya lura cewa tana ƙaunar &quot;mijinta cikin hauka&quot;.  Mijinta yana ci gaba da sanar da Washington game da ci gaban yaƙin, wani lokacin yana yi masa ayyukan koyarwa, har ma an ba ta izinin sanin sirrin soja.  : 14 Ta zama alamar yaƙin, tare da George Washington, a matsayin kaka mai kula da sojoji.  : 7 

Sojojin Nahiyar sun zauna a Valley Forge, na uku daga cikin sansanonin hunturu takwas na juyin juya hali, a ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1777. Washington ta yi tafiya na tsawon kwanaki 10 da ɗaruruwan mil don ta haɗu da mijinta a Pennsylvania.  A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, Elizabeth Drinker da abokai uku sun isa Valley Forge don roƙon Janar da ya saki mazajensu daga kurkuku; mazan, dukkansu Quakers, sun ƙi yin rantsuwar aminci ga masu juyin juya halin Amurka. Saboda kwamandan bai samu ba da farko, matan sun ziyarci Martha.  Drinker ta bayyana ta daga baya a cikin littafin tarihinta a matsayin &quot;kyakkyawan mace mai son jama'a&quot;. 

Ɗan Washington, John, yana aiki a matsayin mataimakin farar hula ga mahaifinsa a lokacin da aka yi wa Yorktown kawanya a shekarar 1781 lokacin da ya mutu sakamakon &quot;zazzabin sansani&quot;, wata alama ce ta kamuwa da cutar typhus .  Bayan mutuwarsa, ita da George sun ɗauki ƙananan yara biyu daga cikin 'ya'yan John huɗu, Eleanor (Nelly) Parke Custis da George Washington Parke (Washy) Custis .  : 7 Washingtons sun kuma ba da tallafin kuɗi ga 'ya'yan danginsu da abokansu da yawa. 

=== Ritaya bayan yaƙi ===
Sojojin Washington sun koma Dutsen Vernon a shekarar 1783.  : 7 Sun zauna a Mount Vernon tsawon yawancin lokacin ƙungiyar Confederation, suna zaune a ritaya tare da ɗan'uwansu, 'yan'uwa mata, da jikoki.  : 6 Washington, wacce yanzu haka take cikin rashin lafiya, ta yi imanin cewa mijinta ya gama da hidimar jama'a. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 6 Ta shafe lokacinta tana renon jikokinsu, tana ci gaba da damuwa game da lafiyarsu bayan da dukkan 'ya'yanta huɗu da sauran dangi da yawa suka mutu sakamakon rashin lafiya. Ta kuma ci gaba da karɓar baƙi a Mount Vernon, tana ɗaukar 'yan'uwanta mata da dama da sauran 'yan mata matasa don taimaka mata, yayin da gidan ya cika da baƙi. &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 7–8 Rayuwarsu a Dutsen Vernon ta sake katsewa lokacin da aka nemi ya shiga taron kundin tsarin mulki a shekarar 1787 da kuma lokacin da aka zaɓe shi a matsayin shugaban Amurka na farko a shekarar 1789. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 7 

== Uwargidan Shugaban Ƙasa ta Amurka (1789–1797) ==
[[Fayil:Brooklyn_Museum_-_The_Republican_Court_(Lady_Washington's_Reception_Day)_-_Daniel_Huntington_-_overall.jpg|thumb|''Kotun Republican, ko kuma, Ranar Liyafar Lady Washington'' ta Daniel Huntington ( {{Circa|1861}} )]]
Bayan yaƙin, Washington ba ta goyi bayan amincewar mijinta na zama shugaban sabuwar ƙasar Amurka ba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The First First Lady |url=https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/martha-washington/the-first-first-lady/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526031727/https://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/martha-washington/the-first-first-lady/ |archive-date=May 26, 2019 |access-date=May 25, 2019 |website=mountvernon.org |publisher=[[Mount Vernon Ladies' Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ba ta tare shi nan take a babban [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]] ba, sai a watan Mayu na 1789.  Tafiyar ta biyo bayan manema labarai, wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a cikin kulawar da ta bai wa mata, kuma an gamu da masu sha'awarta da kuma shagulgula a kowace gari da ta ratsa. A lokacin wannan tafiyar ce ta yi jawabinta na bainar jama'a a matsayinta na uwargidan shugaban ƙasa, tana gode wa waɗanda suka zo ganinta.  : 15 Ta isa cikin jirgin ruwan shugaban ƙasa, tare da rakiyar mijinta, nan take ta tabbatar da matar shugaban a matsayin fitacciyar jama'a. &lt;ref name=&quot;caroli&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last3=Betty Boyd Caroli}}&lt;/ref&gt; : 3 Bayan ta isa babban birnin, Washington ta zama Uwargidan Shugaban Amurka ta farko, kodayake ba za a yi amfani da kalmar ba sai daga baya. Madadin haka, an kira ta da &quot;Lady Washington&quot;.  : 13 

A matsayinta na matar shugaban ƙasa ta farko, yawancin ayyukan Washington sun zama al'ada ga matan shugaban ƙasa na gaba, ciki har da buɗe gidan shugaban ƙasa (daga baya, Fadar White House) ga jama'a a Ranar Sabuwar Shekara, wani aiki da zai ci gaba har zuwa lokacin da Herbert Hoover zai hau mulki.  Ta ɗauki nauyin harkokin gwamnati da yawa a Birnin New York da [[Philadelphia]] a shekarun da suka yi suna a matsayin manyan biranen wucin gadi.  : 6 Da yake ɗaukar nauyinta a matsayinta na uwar gida da muhimmanci, Washington ta mayar da martani ga kiran kowace mace da ta bar katinta a gidan shugaban ƙasa da aka yi fataucin mutane da yawa don tabbatar da cewa kowa zai iya isa ga shugaban ƙasa, tana yin hakan cikin kwana uku. &lt;ref name=&quot;caroli&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|pages=6–7}}

Mijinta ya kuma ba Washington aikin ɗaukar nauyin shirya tarurrukan [[Ɗakin Zane|ɗakin zane]] a ranakun Juma'a inda aka ba wa mata izinin halarta. &lt;ref name=&quot;caroli&quot;/&gt; : 5 Za ta zauna a lokacin irin waɗannan tarurrukan yayin da shugaban ƙasa ke gaishe da baƙinsu.  : 9 Da farko baƙi ba su da tabbas ko ya kamata su bi al'adar sarauta ta jira mai masaukin baki ta tafi kafin su tafi, kuma ta warware matsalar ta hanyar sanar da cewa mijinta koyaushe zai yi ritaya da tara. &lt;ref name=&quot;caroli&quot; /&gt; : 6 Ta yi taka-tsantsan a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan don guje wa tattaunawar siyasa, tana ƙarfafa canjin batu idan ya taso.  : 6 Da'irar zamantakewa da ta bunƙasa tsakanin waɗanda ke cikin siyasar Amurka a wannan lokacin ta zama sananne a matsayin Kotun Republican . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Shields |first=David S. |last2=Teute |first2=Fredrika J. |date=June 2015 |title=The Republican Court and the Historiography of a Women's Domain in the Public Sphere |journal=Journal of the Early Republic |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=169–183 |doi=10.1353/jer.2015.0033 |jstor=24486727 |s2cid=144440598}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Rayuwa ta sirri ===
[[Fayil:Edward_Savage_-_The_Washington_Family_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|''Iyalan Washington'' daga Edward Savage]]
Gidan shugaban ƙasa na farko gida ne da ke kan titin Cherry, sai kuma wani gida da ke kan Broadway . An mayar da babban birnin zuwa [[Philadelphia]] a shekarar 1790, kuma gidan shugaban ƙasa ya sake ƙaura, &lt;ref name=&quot;caroli&quot;/&gt; : 7 wannan karon zuwa wani gida a kan Titin High Street (yanzu Market Street ).  : 10 Washington ta fi son gidan zama na Philadelphia, domin yana da ƙarin zamantakewa kuma yana kusa da Mount Vernon.  : 8 Tun farkon shugabancin mijinta, ba ta da wata dama ta fita waje, domin duk wani mataki da ta ɗauka zai shafi siyasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 9–10 Bayan ƙaura zuwa Philadelphia, Washingtons sun sassauta iyakokin da suka sanya wa kansu kan ayyukan kansu. &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 11 A lokacin da take aiki a matsayin uwargidan shugaban ƙasa, Washington ta zama kusa da Polly Lear, matar sakataren mijinta Tobias Lear . &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; : 8 Ta kuma yi alaƙa da Lucy Flucker Knox, matar sakataren yaƙi Henry Knox, da [[Abigail Adams]], matar ta biyu . &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 10 Lokacin da ta yi tare da jikokinta wani babban abin alfahari ne ga Washington, wacce wani lokacin take kai su wuraren nunin kayan tarihi da gidajen tarihi.  : 60 Ta kuma yi amfani da matsayinta na halartar coci akai-akai, saboda imaninta na Episcopal .  : 12 

An tilasta wa Washington ta karɓe iko da gidan shugaban ƙasa jim kaɗan bayan fara shugabancin mijinta, wanda ya hana baƙi shiga, yayin da ake cire masa ƙari.  {{Rp|pages=67–68}}A watan Yulin 1790, mai zane John Trumbull ya bai wa Washington cikakken zane na mijinta a matsayin kyauta. An nuna shi a gidansu da ke Mount Vernon a cikin Sabon Ɗaki. &lt;ref name=&quot;mountvernon&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 9, 2014 |title=Painting by Washington's Aide de Camp Now on View at Mount Vernon |url=http://www.mountvernon.org/about/news/article/painting-by-washingtons-aide-de-camp-now-on-view-at-mount-vernon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401060636/http://www.mountvernon.org/about/news/article/painting-by-washingtons-aide-de-camp-now-on-view-at-mount-vernon/ |archive-date=April 1, 2017 |access-date=April 3, 2017 |publisher=[[Mount Vernon Ladies' Association]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lokacin da ta ji cewa mijinta zai iya sake zama shugaban ƙasa a karo na biyu, ta yi zanga-zanga ba tare da wata matsala ba game da shawarar. Duk da adawarta, an sake zaɓensa a shekarar 1793, kuma ta amince da ƙarin shekaru huɗu a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa.  {{Rp|page=8}}Matashin Georges Washington de La Fayette ya shiga dangin Washington a shekarar 1795 yayin da mahaifinsa, Gilbert Lafayette, aka tsare shi a matsayin fursunan siyasa a Faransa. Zai zauna tare da Washington har zuwa kaka ta 1797.  {{Rp|page=12}}A shekara ta 1796, baiwar Washington kuma mai yi mata aiki , Oney Judge, ta tsere ta gudu zuwa New Hampshire. Duk da dagewar da Washington ta yi wa mijinta cewa ya kamata a dawo da Alkali kuma ya sake zama baiwar Washington, shugaban bai yi ƙoƙarin neman Alkali ba.  Wa'adin Washington a matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ya ƙare a shekara ta 1797. &lt;ref name=&quot;schneider&quot; /&gt; {{Rp|page=8}}

=== Hoton jama'a ===
[[Fayil:Lady_Washington_MET_DT2081.jpg|thumb|''Lady Washington'' na Charles Willson Peale (ba a san kwanan wata ba)]]
A matsayinta na matar [[Shugaban Gwamnati|shugaban gwamnati]] da kuma [[Shugaban kasa|shugaban ƙasa]], Washington ta fuskanci matsin lamba nan take na wakiltar Amurka. Dole ne ta gabatar da Amurka a matsayin ƙasa mai mutunci don tabbatar da aminci a tsakanin ƙasashen Turai, amma kuma dole ne ta girmama ruhin dimokuraɗiyya ta hanyar ƙin gabatar da kanta a matsayin sarauniya.  {{Rp|page=7}}Ta kuma san cewa matan shugaban ƙasa na gaba za su gaji abin da ta tsara.  {{Rp|page=19}}Washington ta daidaita waɗannan nauyin ta hanyar taka rawar mai masaukin baki a tarurrukan shugaban ƙasa, rawar da za ta zama babban aikin matar shugaban ƙasa. Hakan kuma, ya sanya matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa ya zama muhimmin wuri na hulɗa tsakanin shugaban ƙasa da mutane.  {{Rp|pages=27–29}}

Washington ta gabatar da hotonta a matsayin matar aure mai fara'a, amma a ɓoye ta yi korafi game da takunkumin da aka sanya wa rayuwarta.  Ta ga cewa bikin rantsar da shugaban ƙasa abin ban haushi ne kuma na wucin gadi.  : 12 Washington ba ta tsira daga hare-haren siyasa da jaridu mallakar 'yan adawa ke kai wa gwamnatin mijinta ba. Duk da cewa magoya bayan mijinta sun yi murnar rawar da ta taka a zamantakewa, masu adawa da gwamnatin tarayya sun soki ta da cewa tana kwaikwayon sarauta da kuma ƙarfafa masu mulki.  : 29–30 A lokaci guda kuma, wasu masu suka sun zargi ayyukanta na zamantakewa da rashin tsari.  : 19 Abin da ya bata mata rai shi ne, ta ga cewa a kullum tana samun kulawar jama'a, kuma dole ta mayar da hankali sosai kan gashinta da tufafinta kowace rana.  : 9–10 Duk da haka, ta zaɓi yin suturar gida kawai, tana jin cewa ta fi dacewa a jamhuriya. &lt;ref name=&quot;feinberg&quot; /&gt; : 37 

== Rayuwa da mutuwa daga baya (1797-1802) ==
[[Fayil:Collier's_1921_Washington_George_Martha's_chamber.jpg|thumb|Dakunan Washington bayan mutuwar mijinta]]
Sojojin Washington sun bar babban birnin jim kaɗan bayan rantsar da John Adams, suka yi tafiyar komawa Dutsen Vernon, wanda a lokacin ya fara lalacewa.  : 12 Sun sake yin ritaya, kuma sun yi alƙawarin gyara gidansu da dama.  : 9 A shekarun bayan shugabancin Amurka, 'yan Washington sun sami ƙarin baƙi fiye da kowane lokaci, daga abokai da baƙi. Daga ƙarshe sun ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin 'yan'uwan tsohon shugaban, Lawrence Lewis, don yin aiki a matsayin sakatare, kuma daga ƙarshe zai auri jikanyar Washington Nelly. &lt;ref name=&quot;gould&quot; /&gt; : 13 

Washington ta ji tsoron cewa za a sake kiran mijinta ya jagoranci rundunar sojojin wucin gadi a kan Faransa, amma babu irin wannan rikici. Mijinta ya mutu sakamakon kamuwa da cutar makogwaro mai tsanani a ranar 14 ga Disamba, 1799, yana da shekaru 67. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wallenborn |first=White McKenzie, M.D. |year=1999 |title=George Washington's Terminal Illness: A Modern Medical Analysis of the Last Illness and Death of George Washington |url=https://washingtonpapers.org/resources/articles/illness/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722060731/https://washingtonpapers.org/resources/articles/illness/ |archive-date=July 22, 2020 |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=[[The Papers of George Washington]] |publisher=University of Virginia |quote=The onset of epiglottitis is usually acute and fulminating. Sore throat, hoarseness, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and respiratory distress accompanied by drooling, shortness of breath, rapid pulse, and inspiratory stridor (harsh high pitched respiratory noise heard while the patient is inhaling [breathing in]) develop in rapid order. Death from this dysorder is caused by obstruction of the patient’s airway and is very painful and frightening.}}&lt;/ref&gt; A matsayinta na bazawara, Washington ta shafe shekarunta na ƙarshe tana zaune a cikin wani katanga inda take saka, dinka, da kuma amsa wasiƙu. Duk da cewa Washington ita ce mai mallakar kadarorin mijinta bisa doka, ta ba da iko kan harkokin kasuwancinta ga danginta.  : 9 Ta kuma gaji bayin mijinta bisa sharadin cewa za a 'yantar da su bayan mutuwarta. Saboda tsoron kada waɗannan bayin su cutar da ita, Washington ta 'yantar da su. Ba ta da ikon 'yantar da bayinta masu dower, kuma Washington ta zaɓi kada ta 'yantar da bawa ɗaya tilo, Elish, wanda ita da kanta ta mallaka. 
[[Fayil:Tomb_of_George_and_Martha_Washington.jpg|thumb|Kabarin George Washington (dama) da Martha Washington (hagu)]]
Washington ta ci gaba da sha'awar shugabancin ƙasa bayan ta hau kan kujerar uwargidan shugaban ƙasa, wanda hakan ya fara da al'adar ba wa magadanta shawara.  : 124 Iyalan Washington sun daɗe ba sa son [[Thomas Jefferson]] da siyasar Jefferson, wani ɓangare saboda rawar da ya taka wajen sukar gwamnatin Washington.  : 11 Washington ta yi fushi lokacin da Jefferson ya zama shugaban ƙasa, domin ta ji cewa bai ba wa ofishin girmamawa yadda ya kamata ba.  : 8 

Lafiyar Washington, wacce a koyaushe take cikin mawuyacin hali, ta ragu bayan mutuwar mijinta. &lt;ref name=&quot;life&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Twilight Years: The Deaths of George and Martha Washington |url=http://marthawashington.us/exhibits/show/martha-washington--a-life/the-twilight-years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150908035119/http://marthawashington.us/exhibits/show/martha-washington--a-life/the-twilight-years |archive-date=September 8, 2015 |access-date=October 4, 2015 |website=Martha's biography |publisher=Martha Washington – A Life}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi tsammanin mutuwarta tun daga lokacin mijinta. Lokacin da ta kamu da zazzabi a 1802, Washington ta ƙone duk wasiƙun mijinta zuwa gare ta, ta kira wani limami don ya yi mata addu'a ta ƙarshe, sannan ta zaɓi rigar jana'izarta.  : 8 Shekaru biyu da rabi bayan mutuwar mijinta, Washington ta mutu a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1802, tana da shekaru 70. &lt;ref name=&quot;life&quot; /&gt; Bayan rasuwarta, an binne gawar Washington a cikin kabarin dangin Washington na asali a Mount Vernon.  A shekara ta 1831, masu aikin George da suka tsira sun cire gawarwakin Washington daga tsohon kabarin zuwa wani gini makamancin haka a cikin kabarin da ke Mount Vernon a yanzu. &lt;ref name=&quot;tomb&quot; /&gt;

== Gado ==
Kamar yadda mijinta ya kafa misali ga shugabancin ƙasa, Washington ta kafa abin da zai zama matsayin matar shugaban ƙasa daga ƙarshe. Ta shahara a fannoni na bikin shugaban ƙasa, tana taimaka wa mijinta a matsayinsa na shugaban ƙasa, amma ba ta da hannu sosai a cikin ayyukansa na gudanarwa a matsayin shugaban gwamnati. Wannan zai zama mizanin matan shugaban ƙasa na ƙarni mai zuwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;caroli&quot;/&gt; {{Rp|pages=7–8}}An san Washington da tawali'u da kuma halinta mai sauƙin kai, har ta kai ga abokan zamanta sukan yi mamaki idan suka haɗu da ita.  : 3 Babu wani bayanan sirri na Washington da ya wanzu tun kafin mutuwar mijinta na farko, kuma ta lalata wasiƙu da yawa da ta rubuta tun daga lokacin. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa da suka karɓi wasiƙunta sun ajiye su, kuma an adana waɗannan wasiƙun a cikin taskar bayanai kamar a Mount Vernon da Virginia Historical Society. An buga tarin waɗannan wasiƙun da dama.  : 14 

=== Daraja ===
[[Fayil:Martha_Washington22_1903_Issue-8c.jpg|thumb|Tambarin Martha Washington na 1902]]
A lokacin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Hali, ɗaya daga cikin rundunonin sojoji a Valley Forge ta sanya wa kanta suna &quot;Mai Rawanin Lady Washington&quot; don girmama ta.  : 14 An kafa Kwalejin Mata ta Martha Washington a Abingdon, Virginia a shekarar 1860.  An haɗa ta da Kwalejin Emory &amp;amp;amp; Henry a shekarar 1918, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Brief History of Emory &amp; Henry College |url=http://www.ehc.edu/175/history/brief |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517190913/http://www.ehc.edu/175/history/brief |archive-date=May 17, 2012 |access-date=July 31, 2012 |publisher=Emory &amp; Henry College}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma an mayar da babban ginin Kwalejin Martha Washington zuwa Martha Washington Inn .  An buɗe Makarantar Martha Washington, makarantar kammala karatun mata matasa a Washington, DC, a shekarar 1905,  kuma ta daina aiki a shekarar 1949. 

An fitar da tambarin aika wasiku wanda ke ɗauke da Martha Washington, tambarin farko da aka yi don girmama wata mace 'yar Amurka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na jerin tambarin 1902. An buga tambarin {{Nowrap|8-[[Penny (United States coin)|cent]]}}, da tawada mai launin shuɗi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Second Bureau Issues (1902-1908) |url=https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/about-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-definitive-issues/second-bureau-issues-1902-1908 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621234742/https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/about-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-definitive-issues/second-bureau-issues-1902-1908 |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |access-date=June 22, 2023 |website=postalmuseum.si.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fitar da tambarin na biyu don girmama ta, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Fourth Bureau Issues (1922-1930) |url=https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/about-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-definitive-issues/fourth-bureau-issues-1922-1930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621212009/https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/about-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-definitive-issues/fourth-bureau-issues-1922-1930 |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |access-date=June 22, 2023 |website=postalmuseum.si.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; tambarin {{Nowrap|4-cent}} da aka buga da tawada mai launin rawaya-kasa, a shekarar 1923. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=4c Martha Washington single |url=https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_1980.2493.2263 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230621235951/https://postalmuseum.si.edu/object/npm_1980.2493.2263 |archive-date=June 21, 2023 |access-date=June 22, 2023 |website=postalmuseum.si.edu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A

=== Kimantawar tarihi ===
Tun daga shekarar 1982, Cibiyar Bincike ta Kwalejin Siena ta gudanar da bincike lokaci-lokaci tana neman masana tarihi su tantance matan shugabannin Amurka bisa ga jimillar maki da aka tattara kan ka'idojin da suka shafi asalinsu, darajarsu ga ƙasa, hankali, jarumtaka, nasarorin da suka samu, mutunci, shugabanci, kasancewarsu mata, mutuncin jama'a, da kuma darajar shugaban ƙasa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 15, 2014 |title=Eleanor Roosevelt Retains Top Spot as America's Best First Lady Michelle Obama Enters Study as 5th, Hillary Clinton Drops to 6th Clinton Seen First Lady Most as Presidential Material; Laura Bush, Pat Nixon, Mamie Eisenhower, Bess Truman Could Have Done More in Office Eleanor &amp; FDR Top Power Couple; Mary Drags Lincolns Down in the Ratings |url=https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/FirstLadies2014Release_Final.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327181939/https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/FirstLadies2014Release_Final.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=scri.siena.edu |publisher=Siena Research Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ko da yaushe, masana tarihi sun sanya Washington a cikin jerin mata na sama a cikin waɗannan binciken. Dangane da kimantawa ta jimilla, an sanya Washington a cikin jerin:

* Mafi kyawun maki 9 cikin 42 a shekarar 1982 &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2008 |title=Ranking America's First Ladies Eleanor Roosevelt Still #1 Abigail Adams Regains 2nd Place Hillary moves from 5th to 4th; Jackie Kennedy from 4th to 3rd Mary Todd Lincoln Remains in 36th |url=https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/FL_2008Release.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222164606/https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/FL_2008Release.pdf |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |publisher=Siena Research Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Na 12-mafi kyau daga cikin 37 a shekarar 1993 &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2008&quot; /&gt;
* Na 13-mafi kyau daga cikin 38 a shekarar 2003 &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2008&quot; /&gt;
* Mafi kyawun maki 9 cikin 38 a shekarar 2008 &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2008&quot; /&gt;
* Mafi kyawun maki 9 cikin 39 a shekarar 2014 &lt;ref name=&quot;2014Sienna1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Siena College Research Institute/C-SPAN Study of the First Ladies of the United States 2014 FirstLadies2014_Full Rankings.xls |url=https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Appendix_A_Overall_Survey_Results.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010195939/https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Appendix_A_Overall_Survey_Results.pdf |archive-date=October 10, 2022 |access-date=October 21, 2022 |website=scri.siena.edu |publisher=Sienna College Research Institute/C-SPAN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mafi kyawun maki 10 cikin 40 a shekarar 2020 &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2020results&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Copy of FirstLadies_Full Rankings_working_dl_2.xls |url=https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/First-Ladies-Full-Rankings-2020.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330064515/https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/First-Ladies-Full-Rankings-2020.pdf |archive-date=March 30, 2024 |access-date=March 11, 2025 |website=scri.siena.edu |publisher=Siena Research Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A cikin binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Siena ta 2008, Washington ta kasance ta 3 a cikin mafi girman matsayi a cikin ma'aunin martabar jama'a. &lt;ref name=&quot;Siena2008&quot;/&gt; A cikin binciken 2014, Washington da mijinta sun kasance na 2 a cikin mafi girman ma'aurata 39 na farko dangane da kasancewa &quot;ma'aurata masu ƙarfi&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2014 Power Couple Score |url=https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Appendix_C_Power_Couples.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327132048/https://scri.siena.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Appendix_C_Power_Couples.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |access-date=October 9, 2022 |website=scri.siena.edu/ |publisher=Siena Research Institute/C-SPAN Study of the First Ladies of the United States}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Duba kuma ==
{{Columns-list|* [[Samuel Osgood House]] — First Presidential Mansion
* [[Alexander Macomb House]] — Second Presidential Mansion
* [[President's House (Philadelphia)]] — Third Presidential Mansion
* [[Dandridge, Tennessee]] — the only town in the United States named after Martha Dandridge Washington|colwidth=30em}}

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karatu ==

*  
*  
*  
*  

== Hanyoyin haɗi na waje ==
  

* [http://marthawashington.us/ Wasikun Martha Washington] . Aikin haɗin gwiwa na Mount Vernon na George Washington da Cibiyar Tarihi da Sabbin Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai.
* [https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/first-families/martha-dandridge-custis-washington/ Martha Washington] a Fadar [[White House]] (tarihin rayuwa)
* An adana Deprecated link [http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 Martha Washington] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120630070333/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=1 |date=2012-06-30 }} da aka cire daga   a ɗakin karatu na mata na shugabanni na ƙasa (tarihin rayuwa)
* [http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/martha-washington/ Martha Washington] (Mount Vernon na George Washington)
* [http://firstladies.c-span.org/FirstLady/2/Martha-Washington.aspx Martha Washington] a taron matan farko na C-SPAN '': Tasiri da Hoto''
{{S-start}}
{{S-hon}}
{{S-new}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[First Lady of the United States]]}}
{{S-aft}}
{{S-end}}{{US First Ladies}}{{Women in the American Revolution}}{{George Washington}}{{Virginia Women in History}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Margaret C. &quot;Peggy&quot; Wilmoth''' ƙwararren ma'aikaciyar jinya ce, masaniyar kimiyya kuma babbar jami'ar da ta yi ritaya ta Sojojin Amurka. Ita ce Babban Darakta, Mataimakin Darakta na Harkokin Ilimi a Makarantar Nursing ta Jami'ar North Carolina . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UNC School of Nursing |url=https://nursing.unc.edu |access-date=25 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta kasance a baya Dean da Farfesa a Makarantar Nursing da Lafiya ta Byrdine F. Lewis a Jami'ar Jihar Georgia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Georgia State University |url=https://www.gsu.edu/ |website=Georgia State University}}&lt;/ref&gt; An ci gaba da ita zuwa brigadier janar a shekara ta 2005, ta zama ma'aikaciyar jinya ta farko kuma mace ta farko da ta umurci brigade na likita a matsayin babban jami'in,  kuma daga baya ta kai matsayin babban janar.&lt;ref name=&quot;ajc&quot; /&gt;

== Ilimi da aikin jinya ==
Wilmoth ta sami digiri na farko na Kimiyya a fannin jinya da kuma Masters of Science a fannin ma'aikatan jinya daga Jami'ar Maryland, ta Doctor of Philosophy daga Jami'an Pennsylvania, da kuma digiri na biyu a cikin karatun dabarun daga Kwalejin Yakin Sojojin Amurka.

Wilmoth ta kasance Farfesa na Nursing a UNC Charlotte da kuma Mataimakin Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Tsaro na Ofishin Mataimakin Sakataren Tsaro na Harkokin Lafiya.

Wilmoth Fellow ce na Kwalejin Nursing ta Amurka kuma Fellow na Manufofin Kiwon Lafiya na Gidauniyar Robert Wood Johnson . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health Policy Fellows Alumni Profile |url=http://www.healthpolicyfellows.org/secure/alumni-bio.php?id=4590 |publisher= }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, memba ne na Order of Military Medical Merit .

A watan Maris na 2020, an shigar da Wilmoth cikin Hall of Fame na Gidauniyar Mata ta Sojojin Amurka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2020 Hall of Fame Inductees – Army Women's Foundation |url=https://www.awfdn.org/hall-of-fame-and-special-recognition-awards/us-army-womens-hall-of-fame-inductees/2020-hall-of-fame-inductees/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==

[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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'''Mallam Gana Bukar Kareto''' ɗan siyasan Najeriya ne. A halin yanzu memba ne wanda ke wakiltar Kukawa / Mobbar / Abadam / Guzamalai a Majalisar Tarayyar Wakilai . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=National Assembly {{!}} Federal Republic of Nigeria |url=https://nass.gov.ng/mps/single/409# |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=nass.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation |url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Mallam-Gana-Bukar-Kareto-1670 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=orderpaper.ng }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Citizen Science Nigeria |url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/mallam-bukar-gana |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=citizensciencenigeria.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko da ilimi ==
An haifi Mallam Gana a ranar 31 ga watan Disamba 1969 kuma ya fito ne daga [[Borno|Jihar Borno]] . Ya kammala karatun sakandare a makarantar sakandare ta Immaculate Heart, Maiduguri . Ya sami difloma mai zurfi a shekara ta 2000 daga [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], Bauchi . Ya sami digiri na farko da digiri na biyu daga [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]], jihar Borno . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
Kafin fitowarsa a matsayin memba na uku na Majalisar Wakilai a karkashin All Progressives Congress (APC), ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara na Kareto, Shugaban Mai Kula, Majalisar Karamar Hukumar Mobbar a shekara ta 2004, da kuma Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Borno daga 2007 zuwa 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1969]]
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    <title>Maryam Durani</title>
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'''Maryam Durani''' ( Dari   ; an haife ta a shekarar 1987) ƙwararriyar mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin mata ce [[Afghanistan|a Afghanistan]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;time2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=Apr 18, 2012 |title=Maryam Durani |url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112120,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419041045/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112120,00.html |archive-date=April 19, 2012 |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=Time Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 2012 ta sami kyautar mata masu jarumtaka ta [[duniya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;awiu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=American Women for International Understanding is pleased to Honor the US Secretary of State's International Women of Courage with an event each March. |url=http://awiu.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=407 |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=American Women for International Understanding}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwa da aiki ==
Maryam Durani 'yar Haji Mohammad Eisa Durani ce, kuma 'yar kabilar Pashtun Durrani ce. Ta kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Payam Noor da Jami'ar Amurka ta Afghanistan. Tana da digiri a fannin Shari'a da Kimiyyar Siyasa da kasuwanci. Duk da ra'ayin mazan jiya na yankin game da mata, Durani ta yi aiki a matsayin shugaba, abin koyi, da kuma mai kare mata a Kandahar. An fara zabarta a matsayin memba na Majalisar Gundumar Kandahar a shekarar 2005 tana da shekaru 21 kuma a karo na biyu a shekarar 2009, Durani ta yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin mata hudu kacal a Majalisar kuma ta kawo damuwar mata da kuma ra'ayin mace ga ayyukan da tattaunawar Majalisar.

A matsayinta na matashiya, shugaba mai tasowa a kudancin Afghanistan, jarumtaka da sadaukarwar Durani ga matan Afghanistan sun ginu a cikin rayuwarta ta yau da kullun. Durani ta kafa kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan wata ƙungiya da ta mai da hankali kan ƙarfafa mata, kuma tana kula da Merman Radio, wani gidan rediyo a Kandahar City wanda ya mayar da hankali kan batutuwan mata. Ita kwararriya ce mai fafutukar kare zaman lafiya da haƙƙin mata da 'yan mata a cikin al'ummar Afghanistan, da kuma kare haƙƙin jama'a na asali ga dukkan 'yan ƙasar Afghanistan, kuma ta ƙuduri aniyar canza al'ada da fahimtar rawar da mata ke takawa a Afghanistan.

Durani ta fahimci kuma ta yarda da haɗarin zama mace a bayyane a cikin irin waɗannan manyan ayyuka masu ƙarfi da ma'ana, kuma tana samun goyon baya mai ƙarfi daga danginta na kusa da na nesa waɗanda suma ke fuskantar waɗannan haɗarin. Shekaru huɗu da suka gabata ta ji rauni a wani yunƙurin kisan kai da bam wanda ya kusan kashe ta. Matsayin da take riƙe da shi a Gwamnatin Lardin Kandahar ya kasance ga mace, wanda ba a saba gani ba, idan aka yi la'akari da dabi'un masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a kudancin Afghanistan, waɗanda ke ci gaba da samun rinjaye daga ra'ayoyin Taliban. Durani ta ƙi ra'ayoyin ra'ayi da al'adun gargajiya kuma ta zama abin koyi mai ƙarfi ga mata waɗanda ke son canza yanayinsu, don kansu da kuma ga iyalansu. Tana amfani da matsayinta don haɓaka adalci, zaman lafiya, haƙƙin ɗan adam, da 'yancin asali ga matan Kandahari.

A Afghanistan, Durani ta sadaukar da rayuwarta wajen ilmantar da waɗanda ke gefen al'umma da kuma neman daidaito tsakanin mata da kuma haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya baki ɗaya. Ta yi imanin cewa babban jarin da za a iya yi a nan gaba a Afghanistan yana kan malamanta ne, kuma saka hannun jari a cikin ci gaban sana'arsu zai tabbatar da cewa suna da damar samun ilimi da bayanai waɗanda za su ƙarfafa ilmantarwarsu. Wannan, bi da bi, zai ba da gudummawa ga muhimmin aikin samar da ilimi mai inganci ga matasan Afghanistan. Durani ta yi imanin cewa don haɓaka zaman lafiya a Afghanistan, dole ne a faɗaɗa damar samun ingantaccen ilimi bisa ga al'umma, da kuma shirye-shiryen tallafi waɗanda ke ƙara yawan halartar 'yan mata da maza a makaranta. Durani ta yi aiki a mukamai daban-daban, Maryam ta kasance wakiliyar jama'ar Kandahar a majalisar lardin, kuma darakta a ƙungiyar ci gaban mata mai zaman kanta da aka yi wa rijista a Afghanistan a shekarar 2004 tana neman inganta yanayin mata a lardin Kandahar da yaƙi ya daidaita. Khadija Kubra tana da sassa 5. Ita ce ta kafa kuma mamallakin Merman Radio na [[Kandahar]], wani shiri na musamman na mata, an kafa shi a shekarar 2010 don magance rashin daidaiton jinsi a lardin Kandahar da kuma kawo muryoyin mata a gaba. Merman Radio tana ba wa matasan Kandahar, musamman mata da kwararru a fannin kafofin watsa labarai, damar yin bincike kan batutuwa masu muhimmanci kamar jinsi, 'yancin ɗan adam, shugabanci nagari, bin doka, ban da batutuwan tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa, Durani ta ce &quot;Yana da matukar wahala a tara maza da mata a wuri guda a lokaci guda don kowane aiki ko tattaunawa a Kandahar.&quot; &quot;Shi ya sa na fara tashar, don isar da sako ga mafi yawan mutane a lokaci guda.&quot; Ta kafa cibiyar kare hakkin mata ta Kandahar, Kandahar Women's Network wani dandali ne na kare hakkin mata tun daga shekarar 2013. Kandahar Women's Network tana da kungiyoyi 25 da mata ke jagoranta a matsayin membobinta. Wanda ta kafa gidan cin abinci na Malalai Maiwandi, Malalai Maiwandi ita ce gidan cin abinci na farko na mata a Afghanistan, don haɗa mata da yawa da duniya a cikin yanayi mai aminci da kwanciyar hankali! Ta buɗe gidan cin abinci na mata na Malalai Maiwandi a ranar 25 ga Satumba, 2013 wanda shine irinsa na farko a Afghanistan. 'Yan matan za su iya amfani da gidan cin abinci don samun bayanai game da al'amuran yau da kullun da kuma samun kayan ilimi, wanda shine babban dalilin da ya sa ta kafa gidan cin abinci. Wanda ya kafa gidan cin abinci (Cibiyar Nazarin Zamani ga 'yan mata a Kandahar/Afghanistan). Gidan cin abinci yana ba wa mata sama da 600 damar samun ilimi a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci, Fasahar Bayanai, Turanci da Sadarwa. Shirye-shiryen gidan karatu suna ba wa ɗalibai ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don samun aiki don tallafa wa kansu da iyalansu, inganta al'ummominsu da kuma shiga cikin sake gina Kandahar. Wanda ya kafa ɗakin karatu na mata Bebe Aisha, ɗakin karatu na mata na farko a karon farko a AFGHANISTAN. Akwai littattafai sama da 4000 a cikin wannan ɗakin karatu, kuma shine irinsa na farko a Afghanistan. Babban manufar gina wannan ɗakin karatu shine samar da wuri mai natsuwa ga 'yan mata da mata don karanta littattafai da kuma samun damar shiga nau'ikan littattafai daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban. Kamar yadda aka saba, 'yan mata da mata ba za su iya zuwa ɗakunan karatu na jama'a cikin sauƙi da kuma karatu cikin kwanciyar hankali ba, don haka wannan ɗakin karatu ya samar wa 'yan mata da mata wuri mafi kyau, natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali don karatu tare da littattafai masu amfani da yawa. A takaice za mu iya cewa wannan ɗakin karatu yana ba da damar samun bayanai daidai gwargwado da wuri don karatu don inganta wannan matakin ilimi da ilimi na 'yan mata da mata. A watan Satumba na 2020, mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, Maryam Durani, ta sami sabuwar hanyar ba da shawara ga shekaru da yawa, sabuwar cibiyar motsa jiki ga mata. Maryam wacce ta tsira daga hare-haren kunar bakin wake guda biyu, yunƙurin kisan kai da barazanar kisa marasa adadi - ba tare da ambaton Allah wadai daga jama'a game da buɗe ƙungiyar ba. Gidan motsa jiki ya tsira, an ɓoye shi a cikin ginshiki mara tagogi a cikin wani gida mai kulle, an kare shi daga idanu masu ɓoye. Wannan shine sabon ƙari ga Ƙungiyar Mata ta Khadija Kubra, wacce Ms. Durani ke gudanarwa tare da taimakon mahaifinta da ɗan'uwanta Mustafa Durani tun daga 2004. Ya haɗa da gidan rediyo, azuzuwan Turanci da karatu ga mata, makarantar Musulunci da kuma cibiyar ɗinki da ke sayar da tufafi da mata ke yi. &quot;Martanin matan ya kasance mai kyau sosai domin suna buƙatar hakan,&quot; in ji ta, jim kaɗan bayan yin atisaye da ƙungiyar abokan ciniki. &quot;Abin da ya dame ni shine martanin maza... waɗanda suka mayar da martani mara kyau ga ƙungiyarmu har ma suka zage ni saboda suna tunanin ƙungiyarmu tana adawa da Shari'a.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;time2012&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;afjc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2012 |title=Maryam Durani among &quot;The 100 Most Influential People in the World&quot; |url=http://afjc.af/english/index.php/af-media-news/southern-provinces/qandehar/300-mariam-durani-among-the-100-most-influential-people-in-the-world.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522180116/http://afjc.af/english/index.php/af-media-news/southern-provinces/qandehar/300-mariam-durani-among-the-100-most-influential-people-in-the-world.html |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=Afghanistan Journalists Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ayyukan/aiki na yanzu:

* Mataimakin kwamitin ba da shawara kan mata na Kandahar.
* Mataimakin kwamitin tattaunawa kan zaman lafiya na UNAMA a Kandahar.
* Mataimakin kwamitin yaki da cin hanci da rashawa na UNAMA a Kandahar.
* Darakta, [https://web.archive.org/web/20161028152617/http://women.af/ Khadija Kubra, Ƙungiyar Mata ta Al'adu]
* [https://www.facebook.com/mermanradio/ Daraktan Merman (Radiyon Mata)]
* Shugabar ƙungiyar mata ta Kandahar.
* Shugabar [https://www.facebook.com/Khadija-Kubra-Womens-Association-1539005549702469/?fref=ts cibiyar mata ta ilimi] .

== Kyaututtuka ==

* A watan Maris na 2012, ta sami kyautar Matan Jarumtaka ta Duniya ta Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka. &lt;ref name=&quot;embassyofafghanistan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 9, 2012 |title=Embassy Hosts Maryam Durani for Lunch |url=http://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/article/embassy-hosts-maryam-durani-for-lunch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118172923/http://www.embassyofafghanistan.org/article/embassy-hosts-maryam-durani-for-lunch |archive-date=November 18, 2012 |access-date=December 22, 2012 |publisher=Embassy of Afghanistan}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* A wannan shekarar, [[Time (magazine)|Mujallar Time]] ta zaɓi [https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112120,00.html Maryam a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin &quot;Mutane 100 Mafi Tasiri a Duniya&quot;] . A cewar Time, &quot;A matsayinta na mamallaki kuma mai kula da gidan rediyo (Merman Radio) wanda ke mai da hankali kan al'amuran mata kuma a matsayinta na memba na majalisar lardin Kandahar, Durani ta tsaya tsayin daka ga matan yankin da jarumtaka mai ban mamaki.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;time2012&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;afjc&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;awiu&quot;/&gt;
* A watan Yulin 2013, [http://www.ned30under30.org/maryam-durani-afghanistan/ Maryam ta zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin matasa masu fafutuka 30 daga National Endowment for Democracy] .
* A watan Mayun 2014, [http://www.fourfreedoms.nl/nl/laureaten/year:2014/award:freedom-of-speech-award/laureates:maryam-durrani.htm%20Freedom%20of%20Speech%20and%20Expression Maryam ta sami kyautar Roosevelt Four Freedom Award.]{{Dead link|date=March 2020}} a Middelburg, [[Holand|Netherlands]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=www.nedbase.nl |first=Nedbase- |title=Maryam Durrani - Laureaat Freedom of Speech Award 2014 - Laureaten sinds 1982 - Four Freedoms Awards |url=https://www.fourfreedoms.nl/nl/laureaten/year:2014/award:freedom-of-speech-award/laureates:maryam-durrani.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703234853/https://www.fourfreedoms.nl/nl/laureaten/year:2014/award:freedom-of-speech-award/laureates:maryam-durrani.htm |archive-date=2019-07-03 |access-date=2019-07-03 |website=www.fourfreedoms.nl |language=NL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A watan Nuwamba na 2015, Maryam, ta sami [http://www.af.undp.org/content/afghanistan/en/home/presscenter/IntheNews/N-PeaceAwards2015.html kyautar samar da zaman lafiya ta duniya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145314/https://www.af.undp.org/content/afghanistan/en/home/presscenter/IntheNews/N-PeaceAwards2015.html |date=2019-11-13 }} Archived   daga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=N-Peace Awards 2015: Press Coverage in Afghanistan |url=http://www.af.undp.org/content/afghanistan/en/home/presscenter/IntheNews/N-PeaceAwards2015.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113145314/https://www.af.undp.org/content/afghanistan/en/home/presscenter/IntheNews/N-PeaceAwards2015.html |archive-date=2019-11-13 |access-date=2019-07-03 |website=UNDP in Afghanistan |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* A watan Disamba na 2015, [http://openasia.org/en/?p=6464 Maryam ta sami kyautar zaman lafiya ta duniya ta Simorgh] wacce aka bayar a ranar kare hakkin dan adam (10 ga Disamba 2015) a cikin mahallin Makon 'Yancin Dan Adam da kuma a lokaci guda da cika shekaru 19 da kafa Armanshahr.

== Duba kuma ==

* Malalai na Maiwand
* ''Yarinyar Afghanistan''

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{International Women of Courage Awards}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1987]]</text>
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    <title>Ciwon ƙwayar prostate</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312163823|Prostate hypoplasia]]&quot;</comment>
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prostate hypoplasia shine ƙarancin haihuwa na ƙaramin (ko babu) kwayar prostate. Sau da yawa ana danganta shi da wasu naƙasosi da ba su dace ba na tsarin koda-al'aura. Sau da yawa saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta na tushe  kuma yana da alaƙa da ciwon ciki na prune. An lura da shi a cikin rashi na 5α-reductase 2 wanda ya lalace 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) kira yana lalata ci gaban prostate wanda ke dogara da DHT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendonca2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mendonca |first=Berenice B. |last2=Batista |first2=Rafael Loch |last3=Domenice |first3=Sorahia |last4=Costa |first4=Elaine M.F. |last5=Arnhold |first5=Ivo J.P. |last6=Russell |first6=David W. |last7=Wilson |first7=Jean D. |date=October 2016 |title=Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency |journal=The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |volume=163 |pages=206–211 |doi=10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.020 |pmid=27224879 |s2cid=26748233}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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prostate hypoplasia shine ƙarancin haihuwa na ƙaramin (ko babu) kwayar prostate. Sau da yawa ana danganta shi da wasu naƙasosi da ba su dace ba na tsarin koda-al'aura. Sau da yawa saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta na tushe  kuma yana da alaƙa da ciwon ciki na prune. An lura da shi a cikin rashi na 5α-reductase 2 wanda ya lalace 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) kira yana lalata ci gaban prostate wanda ke dogara da DHT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendonca2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mendonca |first=Berenice B. |last2=Batista |first2=Rafael Loch |last3=Domenice |first3=Sorahia |last4=Costa |first4=Elaine M.F. |last5=Arnhold |first5=Ivo J.P. |last6=Russell |first6=David W. |last7=Wilson |first7=Jean D. |date=October 2016 |title=Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency |journal=The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |volume=163 |pages=206–211 |doi=10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.020 |pmid=27224879 |s2cid=26748233}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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prostate hypoplasia shine ƙarancin haihuwa na ƙaramin (ko babu) kwayar prostate. Sau da yawa ana danganta shi da wasu naƙasosi da ba su dace ba na tsarin koda-al'aura. Sau da yawa saboda rashin daidaituwa a cikin kwayoyin halitta na tushe  kuma yana da alaƙa da ciwon ciki na prune. An lura da shi a cikin rashi na 5α-reductase 2 wanda ya lalace 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) kira yana lalata ci gaban prostate wanda ke dogara da DHT.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendonca2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Mendonca |first=Berenice B. |last2=Batista |first2=Rafael Loch |last3=Domenice |first3=Sorahia |last4=Costa |first4=Elaine M.F. |last5=Arnhold |first5=Ivo J.P. |last6=Russell |first6=David W. |last7=Wilson |first7=Jean D. |date=October 2016 |title=Steroid 5α-reductase 2 deficiency |journal=The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology |volume=163 |pages=206–211 |doi=10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.020 |pmid=27224879 |s2cid=26748233}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Glaucoma</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337629295|Glaucoma]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''glaucoma''''' rukuni ne na cututtukan ido wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar jijiyar gani, wanda ke watsa bayanan gani daga ido zuwa kwakwalwa. Glaucoma na iya haifar da asarar gani idan ba a kula da shi ba. An kira shi &quot;barawon gani mara tartsatsi &quot; saboda asarar gani yawanci yana faruwa da sannu a hankali a tsawon lokaci. Babban haɗarin glaucoma shine karuwar matsin lamba a cikin ido, wanda aka sani da matsin lamba na cikin ido (IOP). &lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da alaƙa da tsufa, tarihin iyali na glaucoma, da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya ko amfani da wasu magunguna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: The 'silent thief' begins to tell its secrets {{!}} National Eye Institute |url=https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/glaucoma-silent-thief-begins-tell-its-secrets |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=www.nei.nih.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar glaucoma ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci ta Dā {{Lang|grc|γλαυκός}} ({{Transl|grc|glaukós}}), ma'ana 'Dishewa, shuɗi-kore, launin toka'.

Daga cikin nau'ikan glaucoma daban-daban, waɗanda aka fi sani da su ana kiransu glaucoma mai buɗaɗen  kusurwa da glaucoma mai rufefen kusurwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin ido, wani ruwa da ake kira aqueous humor , wanda jikin ciliary ke samarwa, yana taimakawa wajen kula da siffar kuma yana samar da abubuwan gina jiki. Ruwar aqueous yana narkewa ta hanyar MatatarTrabecular . A cikin glaucoma mai kusurwa, an hana magudanar ruwa, wanda ke haifar da tara ruwa a cikin ɗakin da ke gaba wanda ke haifar le matsin lamba a cikin ido ya karu. Wannan matsin lamba mai girma na iya rage ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin ɗakin vitreous kuma yana iya lalata jijiyar gani da ƙwayoyin glial na gefe. A cikin glaucoma mai kusurwa, zubar da ido ya zama ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ke haifar da karuwar matsin intraocular. Wannan na iya haifar da Ciwon ido mai tsanani, rashin hangen nesa, da ƙishirwa. Glaucoma mai kusurwa mai kusurwa shine gaggawa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa nan take.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts &quot;Facts About Glaucoma&quot;]. ''National Eye Institute''. Archived from [https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts the original] on 28 March 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 March&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337629295|Glaucoma]]&quot;</comment>
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'''''glaucoma''''' rukuni ne na cututtukan ido wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar jijiyar gani, wanda ke watsa bayanan gani daga ido zuwa kwakwalwa. Glaucoma na iya haifar da asarar gani idan ba a kula da shi ba. An kira shi &quot;barawon gani mara tartsatsi &quot; saboda asarar gani yawanci yana faruwa da sannu a hankali a tsawon lokaci. Babban haɗarin glaucoma shine karuwar matsin lamba a cikin ido, wanda aka sani da matsin lamba na cikin ido (IOP). &lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da alaƙa da tsufa, tarihin iyali na glaucoma, da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya ko amfani da wasu magunguna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: The 'silent thief' begins to tell its secrets {{!}} National Eye Institute |url=https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/glaucoma-silent-thief-begins-tell-its-secrets |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=www.nei.nih.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar glaucoma ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci ta Dā {{Lang|grc|γλαυκός}} ({{Transl|grc|glaukós}}), ma'ana 'Dishewa, shuɗi-kore, launin toka'.

Daga cikin nau'ikan glaucoma daban-daban, waɗanda aka fi sani da su ana kiransu glaucoma mai buɗaɗen  kusurwa da glaucoma mai rufefen kusurwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin ido, wani ruwa da ake kira aqueous humor , wanda jikin ciliary ke samarwa, yana taimakawa wajen kula da siffar kuma yana samar da abubuwan gina jiki. Ruwar aqueous yana narkewa ta hanyar MatatarTrabecular . A cikin glaucoma mai buɗaɗen kusurwa, an tokare magudanar ruwa, wanda ke haifar da tara ruwa a cikin ɗakin da ke ciki wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba a cikin ido ya karu. Wannan matsin lamba mai girma na iya rage ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin ɗakin vitreous kuma yana iya lalata jijiyar gani da ƙwayoyin glial na gefe. A cikin glaucoma mai kusurwa, zubar da ido ya zama ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ke haifar da karuwar matsin intraocular. Wannan na iya haifar da Ciwon ido mai tsanani, rashin hangen nesa, da ƙishirwa. Glaucoma mai kusurwa mai kusurwa shine gaggawa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa nan take.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts &quot;Facts About Glaucoma&quot;]. ''National Eye Institute''. Archived from [https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts the original] on 28 March 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 March&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''''glaucoma''''' rukuni ne na cututtukan ido wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar jijiyar gani, wanda ke watsa bayanan gani daga ido zuwa kwakwalwa. Glaucoma na iya haifar da asarar gani idan ba a kula da shi ba. An kira shi &quot;barawon gani mara tartsatsi &quot; saboda asarar gani yawanci yana faruwa da sannu a hankali a tsawon lokaci. Babban haɗarin glaucoma shine karuwar matsin lamba a cikin ido, wanda aka sani da matsin lamba na cikin ido (IOP). &lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da alaƙa da tsufa, tarihin iyali na glaucoma, da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya ko amfani da wasu magunguna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: The 'silent thief' begins to tell its secrets {{!}} National Eye Institute |url=https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/glaucoma-silent-thief-begins-tell-its-secrets |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=www.nei.nih.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar glaucoma ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci ta Dā {{Lang|grc|γλαυκός}} ({{Transl|grc|glaukós}}), ma'ana 'Dishewa, shuɗi-kore, launin toka'.

Daga cikin nau'ikan glaucoma daban-daban, waɗanda aka fi sani da su ana kiransu glaucoma mai buɗaɗen  kusurwa da glaucoma mai rufefen kusurwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin ido, wani ruwa da ake kira aqueous humor , wanda jikin ciliary ke samarwa, yana taimakawa wajen kula da siffar kuma yana samar da abubuwan gina jiki. Ruwar aqueous yana narkewa ta hanyar MatatarTrabecular . A cikin glaucoma mai buɗaɗen kusurwa, an tokare magudanar ruwa, wanda ke haifar da tara ruwa a cikin ɗakin da ke ciki wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba a cikin ido ya karu. Wannan matsin lamba mai girma na iya rage ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin ɗakin vitreous kuma yana iya lalata jijiyar gani da ƙwayoyin glial na gefe. A cikin glaucoma mai kusurwa, zubar da ido ya zama ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ke haifar da karuwar matsin intraocular. Wannan na iya haifar da Ciwon ido mai tsanani, rashin hangen nesa, da ƙishirwa. Glaucoma mai kusurwa mai kusurwa shine gaggawa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa nan take.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts &quot;Facts About Glaucoma&quot;]. ''National Eye Institute''. Archived from [https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts the original] on 28 March 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 March&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''''glaucoma''''' rukuni ne na cututtukan ido wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar jijiyar gani, wanda ke watsa bayanan gani daga ido zuwa kwakwalwa. Glaucoma na iya haifar da asarar gani idan ba a kula da shi ba. An kira shi &quot;barawon gani mara tartsatsi &quot; saboda asarar gani yawanci yana faruwa da sannu a hankali a tsawon lokaci. Babban haɗarin glaucoma shine karuwar matsin lamba a cikin ido, wanda aka sani da matsin lamba na cikin ido (IOP). &lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yana da alaƙa da tsufa, tarihin iyali na glaucoma, da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya ko amfani da wasu magunguna.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: The 'silent thief' begins to tell its secrets {{!}} National Eye Institute |url=https://www.nei.nih.gov/about/news-and-events/news/glaucoma-silent-thief-begins-tell-its-secrets |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=www.nei.nih.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalmar glaucoma ta fito ne daga kalmar Helenanci ta Dā {{Lang|grc|γλαυκός}} ({{Transl|grc|glaukós}}), ma'ana 'Dishewa, shuɗi-kore, launin toka'.

Daga cikin nau'ikan glaucoma daban-daban, waɗanda aka fi sani da su ana kiransu glaucoma mai buɗaɗen  kusurwa da glaucoma mai rufefen kusurwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Glaucoma: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001620.htm |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin ido, wani ruwa da ake kira aqueous humor , wanda jikin ciliary ke samarwa, yana taimakawa wajen kula da siffar kuma yana samar da abubuwan gina jiki. Ruwar aqueous yana narkewa ta hanyar MatatarTrabecular . A cikin glaucoma mai buɗaɗen kusurwa, an tokare magudanar ruwa, wanda ke haifar da tara ruwa a cikin ɗakin da ke ciki wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba a cikin ido ya karu. Wannan matsin lamba mai girma na iya rage ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi a cikin ɗakin vitreous kuma yana iya lalata jijiyar gani da ƙwayoyin glial na gefe. A cikin glaucoma mai kusurwa, zubar da ido ya zama ba zato ba tsammani, wanda ke haifar da karuwar matsin intraocular. Wannan na iya haifar da Ciwon ido mai tsanani, rashin hangen nesa, da ƙishirwa. Glaucoma mai kusurwa mai kusurwa shine gaggawa wanda ke buƙatar kulawa nan take.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Facts About Glaucoma |url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2016 |website=National Eye Institute}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160328122443/https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts &quot;Facts About Glaucoma&quot;]. ''National Eye Institute''. Archived from [https://nei.nih.gov/health/glaucoma/glaucoma_facts the original] on 28 March 2016&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;29 March&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==Manazarta==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fenerbahçe S.K.</title>
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      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa | suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü | cikakken_suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü | lakabi = Sarı Kanaryalar (Tsuntsayen rawaya) | kafuwa = 1907 | fili = Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium | karfin_fili = 47,834 | shugaban_kungiya = Ali Koç | koci = İsmail Kartal | gasar = Süper Lig | kakar = 2024–2025 }}  '''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulü...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2361" sha1="kfjhaifbgedaq59qogao5cy4mhb42x2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa
| suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Sarı Kanaryalar (Tsuntsayen rawaya)
| kafuwa = 1907
| fili = Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
| karfin_fili = 47,834
| shugaban_kungiya = Ali Koç
| koci = İsmail Kartal
| gasar = Süper Lig
| kakar = 2024–2025
}}

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na Istanbul. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar UEFA Europa League da UEFA Champions League, duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da Robin van Persie. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
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      <id>828358</id>
      <parentid>828357</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:04:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <origin>828358</origin>
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      <text bytes="2369" sha1="9bysee0m28t1kdklj3s1xczvogz9u2o" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa
| suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Sarı Kanaryalar (Tsuntsayen rawaya)
| kafuwa = 1907
| fili = Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
| karfin_fili = 47,834
| shugaban_kungiya = Ali Koç
| koci = İsmail Kartal
| gasar = Süper Lig
| kakar = 2024–2025
}}

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na Istanbul. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da Robin van Persie. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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      <sha1>9bysee0m28t1kdklj3s1xczvogz9u2o</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828359</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:04:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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{{Infobox Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa
| suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Sarı Kanaryalar (Tsuntsayen rawaya)
| kafuwa = 1907
| fili = Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
| karfin_fili = 47,834
| shugaban_kungiya = Ali Koç
| koci = İsmail Kartal
| gasar = Süper Lig
| kakar = 2024–2025
}}

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da Robin van Persie. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>00fq1gimszzhkl0gfs7op1myaupuiec</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828360</id>
      <parentid>828359</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:05:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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{{Infobox Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙafa
| suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Sarı Kanaryalar (Tsuntsayen rawaya)
| kafuwa = 1907
| fili = Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium
| karfin_fili = 47,834
| shugaban_kungiya = Ali Koç
| koci = İsmail Kartal
| gasar = Süper Lig
| kakar = 2024–2025
}}

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]]. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ogwytbc865rse9idprzhypi0m37cl88</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828483</id>
      <parentid>828360</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T19:46:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]]. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bbhyh439k99n4iti9xmrysqd69wujdm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828484</id>
      <parentid>828483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T19:46:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Fenerbahçe]] to [[Fenerbahçe S.K.]]</comment>
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' (furuci a Turkiya: [feˈnæɾbahtʃe spoɾ kuˈlyby], ''Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Fenerbahçe'') wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş. An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' (furuci a Turkiya: [feˈnæɾbahtʃe spoɾ kuˈlyby], ''Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Fenerbahçe'') wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş, kuma ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Kasar Turkiya har sau 28, tare da lashe Kofin Kasa har sau shida, Kofin Zakarun Kwallon Kafa na Turkiya (sau uku) da kuma [[Süper Lig]] (sau 19). An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' (furuci a Turkiya: [feˈnæɾbahtʃe spoɾ kuˈlyby], ''Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Fenerbahçe'') wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş, kuma ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Kasar Turkiya har sau 28,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hürriyet2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=FENERBAHÇE (FB) TOPLAM ŞAMPİYONLUK SAYISI |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/sporarena/galeri-fenerbahce-en-son-ne-zaman-sampiyon-oldu-kac-yildir-sampiyon-olamiyor-fenerbahce-fb-toplam-sampiyonluk-sayisi-42275841/3 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=[[Hürriyet]] |language=tr |quote=... Fenerbahçe, toplamda 28 Türkiye şampiyonluğu ile en çok şampiyon olan Türk futbol takımıdır. Süper Lig'de 19 kez, Millî Küme'de 6, Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası'nda ise 3 kez birinci olarak Türk futbol tarihinde en çok millî şampiyonluk yaşamış takımdır ...'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AnadoluAjansi2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 April 2023 |title=Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü 116 yaşında |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/futbol/fenerbahce-spor-kulubu-116-yasinda/2887594 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=[[Anadolu Ajansı]] |language=tr |quote=... Futboldaki başarılar – Sarı-lacivertliler, 19'u Süper Lig, 6'sı Milli Küme ve 3'ü Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası adı altında toplamda 28 kez Türkiye Şampiyonu oldu. ...'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haberler2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2025 |title=Fenerbahçe en son ne zaman şampiyon oldu? Fenerbahçe kaç kere şampiyon oldu? |url=https://www.haberler.com/soguk-haber/fenerbahce-en-son-ne-zaman-sampiyon-oldu-fb-kac-13937251-haberi/ |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=haberler.com |language=tr |quote=...&amp;nbsp;Fenerbahçe: 28&amp;nbsp;... Galatasary: 25&amp;nbsp;...'}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da lashe Kofin Kasa har sau shida, Kofin Zakarun Kwallon Kafa na Turkiya (sau uku) da kuma [[Süper Lig]] (sau 19). An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
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[[Fayil:Ülker Stadyumu Fenerbahçe Şükrü Saracoğlu Spor Kompleksi, Fenerbahçe vs FC Twente 24082023.jpg|thumb]]

'''Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü''' (furuci a Turkiya: [feˈnæɾbahtʃe spoɾ kuˈlyby], ''Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Fenerbahçe'') wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke cikin ƙasar [[Turkiyya]], wadda aka kafa a shekara ta 1907 a birnin Istanbul. Ƙungiyar na daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku mafi shahara a ƙasar, tare da Galatasaray da Beşiktaş, kuma ta lashe Kofin Zakarun Kasar Turkiya har sau 28,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hürriyet2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=FENERBAHÇE (FB) TOPLAM ŞAMPİYONLUK SAYISI |url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/sporarena/galeri-fenerbahce-en-son-ne-zaman-sampiyon-oldu-kac-yildir-sampiyon-olamiyor-fenerbahce-fb-toplam-sampiyonluk-sayisi-42275841/3 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=[[Hürriyet]] |language=tr |quote=... Fenerbahçe, toplamda 28 Türkiye şampiyonluğu ile en çok şampiyon olan Türk futbol takımıdır. Süper Lig'de 19 kez, Millî Küme'de 6, Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası'nda ise 3 kez birinci olarak Türk futbol tarihinde en çok millî şampiyonluk yaşamış takımdır ...'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AnadoluAjansi2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 April 2023 |title=Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü 116 yaşında |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/futbol/fenerbahce-spor-kulubu-116-yasinda/2887594 |access-date=23 May 2024 |website=[[Anadolu Ajansı]] |language=tr |quote=... Futboldaki başarılar – Sarı-lacivertliler, 19'u Süper Lig, 6'sı Milli Küme ve 3'ü Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası adı altında toplamda 28 kez Türkiye Şampiyonu oldu. ...'}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haberler2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 May 2025 |title=Fenerbahçe en son ne zaman şampiyon oldu? Fenerbahçe kaç kere şampiyon oldu? |url=https://www.haberler.com/soguk-haber/fenerbahce-en-son-ne-zaman-sampiyon-oldu-fb-kac-13937251-haberi/ |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=haberler.com |language=tr |quote=...&amp;nbsp;Fenerbahçe: 28&amp;nbsp;... Galatasary: 25&amp;nbsp;...'}}&lt;/ref&gt; tare da lashe Kofin Kasa har sau shida, Kofin Zakarun Kwallon Kafa na Turkiya (sau uku) da kuma [[Süper Lig]] (sau 19).&lt;ref name=&quot;TFF-Süper-Kupa2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025 |title=Turkcell Süper Kupa 2025 — Page 12-13 |url=https://www.tff.org/Resources/Tamsaha/Turkcell-Super-Kupa-2025/12-13/ |access-date=15 March 2026 |website=[[Turkish Football Federation|TFF]].org (Online Magazine) |language=tr |quote=Fenerbahçe Tarihi — Şampiyonlukları: ♦ Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği (1924–1951) 3 defa ♦ Millî Küme (1937–1950) 6 defa ♦ Türkiye Ligi (1959–...) 19 defa}}&lt;/ref&gt; An fi saninta da suna &quot;Sarı Kanaryalar&quot;, ma’ana tsuntsayen rawaya, saboda launin rigarta.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahçe Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe tana buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na '''Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium''' wanda ke cikin yankin Kadıköy na [[Istanbul]]. Filin wasan na ɗaukar dubban magoya baya kuma yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Stadium Guide Turkey&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta samu nasarori da dama a gasar '''Süper Lig''' (babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Turkiyya), inda ta lashe kofin lig sau da dama tun bayan kafuwarta. Haka kuma, ta yi fice a gasar Turai kamar [[UEFA Europa League]] da [[UEFA Champions League]], duk da cewa ba ta taɓa lashe Champions League ba.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Fenerbahçe na da babbar kishiya da ƙungiyar Galatasaray, inda wasansu ake kira '''Intercontinental Derby''', wanda yake ɗaya daga cikin manyan wasannin ƙwallon ƙafa mafi zafi a duniya. Wannan wasa yana jan hankalin miliyoyin magoya baya a Turkiyya da ma duniya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Ƙungiyar ta kuma taka rawa sosai wajen haɓaka matasa 'yan wasa, inda take da makarantar horas da 'yan ƙwallo (academy) da ta samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama. Wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan da suka taka leda a Fenerbahçe sun haɗa da Alex de Souza da [[Robin van Persie]].&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Player Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Baya ga ƙwallon ƙafa, Fenerbahçe ƙungiya ce mai sassa da dama, ciki har da kwando (basketball), wasan tennis, da sauran wasanni, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan kungiyoyin wasanni a Turkiyya baki ɗaya.&lt;ref&gt;Fenerbahce Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4rfq2ddcsvcoe24nm17jtk1qxyfrd4i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Galatasaray S.K.</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148825</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828362</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:12:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]] [[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa | suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü | cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü | lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki) | kafa = 1905 | filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu | gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya | iya_karba = 52,000+ | shugaban_kul...</comment>
      <origin>828362</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2468" sha1="gn1cfa8jlm39umet3cyijkkxxed4w2b" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa
| suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki)
| kafa = 1905
| filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu
| gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya
| iya_karba = 52,000+
| shugaban_kulob = Dursun Özbek
| koci = Okan Buruk
| gasar = Süper Lig
}}

'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin Istanbul a ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu UEFA Europa League). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke Real Madrid. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato Fenerbahçe da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gn1cfa8jlm39umet3cyijkkxxed4w2b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828363</id>
      <parentid>828362</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:13:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828363</origin>
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      <text bytes="2476" sha1="g6r4y2ib78bg6veqhuylq7wg6stxdzw" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa
| suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki)
| kafa = 1905
| filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu
| gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya
| iya_karba = 52,000+
| shugaban_kulob = Dursun Özbek
| koci = Okan Buruk
| gasar = Süper Lig
}}

'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin [[Istanbul]] a ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu UEFA Europa League). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke Real Madrid. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato Fenerbahçe da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>g6r4y2ib78bg6veqhuylq7wg6stxdzw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828365</id>
      <parentid>828363</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:16:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <origin>828365</origin>
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      <text bytes="2480" sha1="q6cac1aepgqnho4rh9jxftxw3nlb7q1" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa
| suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki)
| kafa = 1905
| filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu
| gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya
| iya_karba = 52,000+
| shugaban_kulob = Dursun Özbek
| koci = Okan Buruk
| gasar = Süper Lig
}}

'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin [[Istanbul]] a ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu [[UEFA Europa League]]). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke Real Madrid. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato Fenerbahçe da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q6cac1aepgqnho4rh9jxftxw3nlb7q1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828366</id>
      <parentid>828365</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:17:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828366</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2499" sha1="4nq62kgmb6vheizasn696hvdhngisqo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa
| suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki)
| kafa = 1905
| filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu
| gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya
| iya_karba = 52,000+
| shugaban_kulob = Dursun Özbek
| koci = Okan Buruk
| gasar = Süper Lig
}}

'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin [[Istanbul]] a ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu [[UEFA Europa League]]). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato Fenerbahçe da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4nq62kgmb6vheizasn696hvdhngisqo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828368</id>
      <parentid>828366</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:19:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828368</origin>
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      <text bytes="2503" sha1="j0t9ln77b6cpad5l30p3d176s1qd5pc" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa
| suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki)
| kafa = 1905
| filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu
| gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya
| iya_karba = 52,000+
| shugaban_kulob = Dursun Özbek
| koci = Okan Buruk
| gasar = Süper Lig
}}

'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin [[Istanbul]] a ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu [[UEFA Europa League]]). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato [[Fenerbahçe]] da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j0t9ln77b6cpad5l30p3d176s1qd5pc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828477</id>
      <parentid>828368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T19:37:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Galatasaray]] to [[Galatasaray S.K.]]</comment>
      <origin>828368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2503" sha1="j0t9ln77b6cpad5l30p3d176s1qd5pc" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox kulob din kwallon kafa
| suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| cikakken_suna = Galatasaray Spor Kulübü
| lakabi = Cim Bom, Aslanlar (Zaki)
| kafa = 1905
| filin_wasa = Nef Stadyumu
| gari = Istanbul, Turkiyya
| iya_karba = 52,000+
| shugaban_kulob = Dursun Özbek
| koci = Okan Buruk
| gasar = Süper Lig
}}

'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin [[Istanbul]] a ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu [[UEFA Europa League]]). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato [[Fenerbahçe]] da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>j0t9ln77b6cpad5l30p3d176s1qd5pc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828479</id>
      <parentid>828477</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T19:39:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828479</origin>
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      <text bytes="2199" sha1="q7e3utb5dxz2hxlzhzl5xb4478829dz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-hamburg 2009-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-A.Madrid25022010-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray-Frank Rijkaard.JPG|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Galatasaray 4 Sterne Logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Osimhen30Sep2025.jpg|thumb]]


'''Galatasaray Spor Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke birnin [[Istanbul]] a ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An kafa ƙungiyar a shekarar 1905 ta wasu ɗalibai daga makarantar Galatasaray High School, kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyi mafi nasara a tarihin ƙwallon ƙafa na Turkiyya. &lt;ref&gt;Galatasaray Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din Galatasaray ya shahara sosai a cikin gida da kuma Turai saboda irin nasarorin da ya samu a gasanni daban-daban. Ƙungiyar ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama fiye da yawancin ƙungiyoyi a Turkiyya, wanda ya sa take daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin ƙasar. &lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

A shekarar 2000, Galatasaray ta kafa tarihi bayan ta zama ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe gasar Turai, wato UEFA Cup (yanzu [[UEFA Europa League]]). A wannan shekarar kuma, ta lashe UEFA Super Cup bayan ta doke [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]]. Wannan nasara ta ƙara mata suna a duniya baki ɗaya. &lt;ref&gt;UEFA Official Archives&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kulob din, wanda ake kira '''Nef Stadyumu''', yana daga cikin manyan filayen wasa a Turkiyya, kuma yana da ɗimbin magoya baya da ke cika filin a duk lokacin da ake wasa. Magoya bayan Galatasaray suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi da kishin ƙungiya a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Stadium Database&lt;/ref&gt;

Galatasaray tana da manyan abokan hamayya guda biyu a cikin gida, wato [[Fenerbahçe]] da Beşiktaş. Wasannin da ke tsakanin Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe ana kiransu &quot;Intercontinental Derby&quot;, kuma suna daga cikin wasanni mafi zafi a duniya. &lt;ref&gt;Football Rivalries Report&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulob din ya samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama a tarihin sa, ciki har da na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje. Haka kuma, ya kasance cibiyar haɓaka matasa masu tasowa a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa. &lt;ref&gt;Player Development Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nasarori ==
* Süper Lig: sau da dama
* Türkiye Kupası: sau da dama
* UEFA Cup: 1 (2000)
* UEFA Super Cup: 1 (2000)

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q7e3utb5dxz2hxlzhzl5xb4478829dz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Süper Lig</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148826</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828370</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:24:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Süper Lig logo.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Spor Toto Süper Lig 2018-2019 Sezonu Kupası.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup &amp; 2014–15 Turkish Cup.jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox Football League Biography | name           = Süper Lig | country        = Turkey | confederation  = UEFA | founded        = 1959 | number_of_teams= 20 | level_on_pyramid = 1 | relegation     = TFF First League | domestic_cup   = Turkish Cup | confed_cup...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2919" sha1="gwk7nj8tjahsykd3cnbzaqhdg4q4bzq" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Süper Lig logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Spor Toto Süper Lig 2018-2019 Sezonu Kupası.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup &amp; 2014–15 Turkish Cup.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox Football League Biography
| name           = Süper Lig
| country        = Turkey
| confederation  = UEFA
| founded        = 1959
| number_of_teams= 20
| level_on_pyramid = 1
| relegation     = TFF First League
| domestic_cup   = Turkish Cup
| confed_cup     = UEFA Champions League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa Conference League
| current_champions = Galatasaray (2022–23)
| most_champions = Galatasaray (23 titles)
| tv             = beIN Sports
| website        = https://www.tff.org/
}}

'''Süper Lig''' ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin mataki na farko a tsarin lig ɗin ƙasar. An kafa gasar a shekarar 1959, kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Turkiyya (TFF).&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation, History of Süper Lig&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi 20 waɗanda ke fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa. Ana buga wasanni gida da waje, inda kowace ƙungiya ke buga wasanni 38 a kakar. Ƙungiyoyin da suka zo ƙarshe a teburin maki suna fadowa zuwa TFF First League, yayin da sabbin ƙungiyoyi ke hawa daga ƙasa zuwa Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA League Structure Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar akwai Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, da Beşiktaş, waɗanda ake kira &quot;manyan uku&quot; na ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun fi kowa lashe kofin gasar tun kafuwarta.&lt;ref&gt;RSSSF Turkey League Champions&lt;/ref&gt;

Süper Lig tana da muhimmanci sosai a nahiyar Turai, domin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar suna samun damar shiga gasannin UEFA kamar Champions League, Europa League da Europa Conference League. Wannan ya ƙara darajar gasar a idon duniya.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Qualification Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, Galatasaray ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi kowa lashe kofin Süper Lig, tare da dimbin nasarori. Haka kuma ita ce ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe kofin Turai (UEFA Cup) a shekarar 2000.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club History Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana da tasiri sosai wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya, tare da samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama da suka yi suna a duniya. Haka kuma tana jan hankalin 'yan kallo da dama a gida da waje.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Development Reports on Turkish Football&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
A tsarin gasar, ana ba ƙungiya maki uku idan ta yi nasara, maki ɗaya idan aka tashi kunnen doki, sannan babu maki idan aka yi rashin nasara. Ana tantance matsayi ta hanyar yawan maki, bambancin ƙwallaye, da yawan ƙwallayen da aka ci.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish League Rules and Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitattun Kungiyoyi ==
* Galatasaray
* Fenerbahçe
* Beşiktaş
* Trabzonspor

== Duba Kuma ==
* Turkish Cup
* TFF First League

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gwk7nj8tjahsykd3cnbzaqhdg4q4bzq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828371</id>
      <parentid>828370</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:24:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <origin>828371</origin>
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      <text bytes="2923" sha1="4lfwb093figoa83h93l2vknrxus0qct" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Süper Lig logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Spor Toto Süper Lig 2018-2019 Sezonu Kupası.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup &amp; 2014–15 Turkish Cup.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox Football League Biography
| name           = Süper Lig
| country        = Turkey
| confederation  = UEFA
| founded        = 1959
| number_of_teams= 20
| level_on_pyramid = 1
| relegation     = TFF First League
| domestic_cup   = Turkish Cup
| confed_cup     = UEFA Champions League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa Conference League
| current_champions = Galatasaray (2022–23)
| most_champions = Galatasaray (23 titles)
| tv             = beIN Sports
| website        = https://www.tff.org/
}}

'''Süper Lig''' ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin mataki na farko a tsarin lig ɗin ƙasar. An kafa gasar a shekarar 1959, kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta [[Turkiyya]] (TFF).&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation, History of Süper Lig&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi 20 waɗanda ke fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa. Ana buga wasanni gida da waje, inda kowace ƙungiya ke buga wasanni 38 a kakar. Ƙungiyoyin da suka zo ƙarshe a teburin maki suna fadowa zuwa TFF First League, yayin da sabbin ƙungiyoyi ke hawa daga ƙasa zuwa Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA League Structure Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar akwai Galatasaray, Fenerbahçe, da Beşiktaş, waɗanda ake kira &quot;manyan uku&quot; na ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun fi kowa lashe kofin gasar tun kafuwarta.&lt;ref&gt;RSSSF Turkey League Champions&lt;/ref&gt;

Süper Lig tana da muhimmanci sosai a nahiyar Turai, domin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar suna samun damar shiga gasannin UEFA kamar Champions League, Europa League da Europa Conference League. Wannan ya ƙara darajar gasar a idon duniya.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Qualification Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, Galatasaray ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi kowa lashe kofin Süper Lig, tare da dimbin nasarori. Haka kuma ita ce ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe kofin Turai (UEFA Cup) a shekarar 2000.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club History Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana da tasiri sosai wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya, tare da samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama da suka yi suna a duniya. Haka kuma tana jan hankalin 'yan kallo da dama a gida da waje.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Development Reports on Turkish Football&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
A tsarin gasar, ana ba ƙungiya maki uku idan ta yi nasara, maki ɗaya idan aka tashi kunnen doki, sannan babu maki idan aka yi rashin nasara. Ana tantance matsayi ta hanyar yawan maki, bambancin ƙwallaye, da yawan ƙwallayen da aka ci.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish League Rules and Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitattun Kungiyoyi ==
* Galatasaray
* Fenerbahçe
* Beşiktaş
* Trabzonspor

== Duba Kuma ==
* Turkish Cup
* TFF First League

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4lfwb093figoa83h93l2vknrxus0qct</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828372</id>
      <parentid>828371</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:25:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828372</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2927" sha1="lr3rs18i07ozw5laq2l0ya47qvuambg" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Süper Lig logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Spor Toto Süper Lig 2018-2019 Sezonu Kupası.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup &amp; 2014–15 Turkish Cup.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox Football League Biography
| name           = Süper Lig
| country        = Turkey
| confederation  = UEFA
| founded        = 1959
| number_of_teams= 20
| level_on_pyramid = 1
| relegation     = TFF First League
| domestic_cup   = Turkish Cup
| confed_cup     = UEFA Champions League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa Conference League
| current_champions = Galatasaray (2022–23)
| most_champions = Galatasaray (23 titles)
| tv             = beIN Sports
| website        = https://www.tff.org/
}}

'''Süper Lig''' ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin mataki na farko a tsarin lig ɗin ƙasar. An kafa gasar a shekarar 1959, kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta [[Turkiyya]] (TFF).&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation, History of Süper Lig&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi 20 waɗanda ke fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa. Ana buga wasanni gida da waje, inda kowace ƙungiya ke buga wasanni 38 a kakar. Ƙungiyoyin da suka zo ƙarshe a teburin maki suna fadowa zuwa TFF First League, yayin da sabbin ƙungiyoyi ke hawa daga ƙasa zuwa Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA League Structure Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar akwai [[Galatasaray]], Fenerbahçe, da Beşiktaş, waɗanda ake kira &quot;manyan uku&quot; na ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun fi kowa lashe kofin gasar tun kafuwarta.&lt;ref&gt;RSSSF Turkey League Champions&lt;/ref&gt;

Süper Lig tana da muhimmanci sosai a nahiyar Turai, domin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar suna samun damar shiga gasannin UEFA kamar Champions League, Europa League da Europa Conference League. Wannan ya ƙara darajar gasar a idon duniya.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Qualification Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, Galatasaray ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi kowa lashe kofin Süper Lig, tare da dimbin nasarori. Haka kuma ita ce ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe kofin Turai (UEFA Cup) a shekarar 2000.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club History Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana da tasiri sosai wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya, tare da samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama da suka yi suna a duniya. Haka kuma tana jan hankalin 'yan kallo da dama a gida da waje.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Development Reports on Turkish Football&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
A tsarin gasar, ana ba ƙungiya maki uku idan ta yi nasara, maki ɗaya idan aka tashi kunnen doki, sannan babu maki idan aka yi rashin nasara. Ana tantance matsayi ta hanyar yawan maki, bambancin ƙwallaye, da yawan ƙwallayen da aka ci.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish League Rules and Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitattun Kungiyoyi ==
* Galatasaray
* Fenerbahçe
* Beşiktaş
* Trabzonspor

== Duba Kuma ==
* Turkish Cup
* TFF First League

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lr3rs18i07ozw5laq2l0ya47qvuambg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828373</id>
      <parentid>828372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:26:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828373</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2931" sha1="5aq3bevqcjnidxd2nbhs1pp7v2kmspz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Süper Lig logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Spor Toto Süper Lig 2018-2019 Sezonu Kupası.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup &amp; 2014–15 Turkish Cup.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox Football League Biography
| name           = Süper Lig
| country        = Turkey
| confederation  = UEFA
| founded        = 1959
| number_of_teams= 20
| level_on_pyramid = 1
| relegation     = TFF First League
| domestic_cup   = Turkish Cup
| confed_cup     = UEFA Champions League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa League&lt;br&gt;UEFA Europa Conference League
| current_champions = Galatasaray (2022–23)
| most_champions = Galatasaray (23 titles)
| tv             = beIN Sports
| website        = https://www.tff.org/
}}

'''Süper Lig''' ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin mataki na farko a tsarin lig ɗin ƙasar. An kafa gasar a shekarar 1959, kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta [[Turkiyya]] (TFF).&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation, History of Süper Lig&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi 20 waɗanda ke fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa. Ana buga wasanni gida da waje, inda kowace ƙungiya ke buga wasanni 38 a kakar. Ƙungiyoyin da suka zo ƙarshe a teburin maki suna fadowa zuwa TFF First League, yayin da sabbin ƙungiyoyi ke hawa daga ƙasa zuwa Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA League Structure Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar akwai [[Galatasaray]], Fenerbahçe, da Beşiktaş, waɗanda ake kira &quot;manyan uku&quot; na ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun fi kowa lashe kofin gasar tun kafuwarta.&lt;ref&gt;RSSSF Turkey League Champions&lt;/ref&gt;

Süper Lig tana da muhimmanci sosai a nahiyar Turai, domin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar suna samun damar shiga gasannin UEFA kamar Champions League, Europa League da Europa Conference League. Wannan ya ƙara darajar gasar a idon duniya.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Qualification Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, Galatasaray ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi kowa lashe kofin Süper Lig, tare da dimbin nasarori. Haka kuma ita ce ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe kofin Turai (UEFA Cup) a shekarar 2000.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club History Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana da tasiri sosai wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya, tare da samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama da suka yi suna a duniya. Haka kuma tana jan hankalin 'yan kallo da dama a gida da waje.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Development Reports on Turkish Football&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
A tsarin gasar, ana ba ƙungiya maki uku idan ta yi nasara, maki ɗaya idan aka tashi kunnen doki, sannan babu maki idan aka yi rashin nasara. Ana tantance matsayi ta hanyar yawan maki, bambancin ƙwallaye, da yawan ƙwallayen da aka ci.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish League Rules and Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitattun Kungiyoyi ==
* Galatasaray
* [[Fenerbahçe]]
* Beşiktaş
* Trabzonspor

== Duba Kuma ==
* Turkish Cup
* TFF First League

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5aq3bevqcjnidxd2nbhs1pp7v2kmspz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828459</id>
      <parentid>828373</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T18:10:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added  databox</comment>
      <origin>828459</origin>
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{{Databox}}
[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Süper Lig logo.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Spor Toto Süper Lig 2018-2019 Sezonu Kupası.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:2014–15 Süper Lig Cup &amp; 2014–15 Turkish Cup.jpg|thumb]]
'''Süper Lig''' ita ce babbar gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Turkiyya wadda ake ɗauka a matsayin mataki na farko a tsarin lig ɗin ƙasar. An kafa gasar a shekarar 1959, kuma tana ƙarƙashin kulawar Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta [[Turkiyya]] (TFF).&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation, History of Süper Lig&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana ƙunshe da ƙungiyoyi 20 waɗanda ke fafatawa a kowace kakar wasa. Ana buga wasanni gida da waje, inda kowace ƙungiya ke buga wasanni 38 a kakar. Ƙungiyoyin da suka zo ƙarshe a teburin maki suna fadowa zuwa TFF First League, yayin da sabbin ƙungiyoyi ke hawa daga ƙasa zuwa Süper Lig.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA League Structure Reports&lt;/ref&gt;

Daga cikin fitattun ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar akwai [[Galatasaray]], Fenerbahçe, da Beşiktaş, waɗanda ake kira &quot;manyan uku&quot; na ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun fi kowa lashe kofin gasar tun kafuwarta.&lt;ref&gt;RSSSF Turkey League Champions&lt;/ref&gt;

Süper Lig tana da muhimmanci sosai a nahiyar Turai, domin ƙungiyoyin da suka yi fice a gasar suna samun damar shiga gasannin UEFA kamar Champions League, Europa League da Europa Conference League. Wannan ya ƙara darajar gasar a idon duniya.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Competition Qualification Rules&lt;/ref&gt;

A tarihi, Galatasaray ita ce ƙungiyar da ta fi kowa lashe kofin Süper Lig, tare da dimbin nasarori. Haka kuma ita ce ƙungiyar Turkiyya ta farko da ta lashe kofin Turai (UEFA Cup) a shekarar 2000.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club History Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Gasar Süper Lig tana da tasiri sosai wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Turkiyya, tare da samar da fitattun 'yan wasa da dama da suka yi suna a duniya. Haka kuma tana jan hankalin 'yan kallo da dama a gida da waje.&lt;ref&gt;FIFA Development Reports on Turkish Football&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tsarin Gasar ==
A tsarin gasar, ana ba ƙungiya maki uku idan ta yi nasara, maki ɗaya idan aka tashi kunnen doki, sannan babu maki idan aka yi rashin nasara. Ana tantance matsayi ta hanyar yawan maki, bambancin ƙwallaye, da yawan ƙwallayen da aka ci.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish League Rules and Regulations&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fitattun Kungiyoyi ==
* Galatasaray
* [[Fenerbahçe]]
* Beşiktaş
* Trabzonspor

== Duba Kuma ==
* Turkish Cup
* TFF First League

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>s7839twgzp9bfih8k6a3rga6w1cpm8c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Beşiktaş</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828375</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:30:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Sabon shafi: [[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]] [[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]] {{Infobox football club | clubname = Beşiktaş J.K. | fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü | nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles) | founded = 1903 | ground = Vodafone Park | capacity = 42,590 | chairm...</comment>
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      <text bytes="2609" sha1="t58ko2ogfoahx2ltlz4xzklrwsfbeva" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin Istanbul, ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar Turkiyya tare da Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a Istanbul. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar UEFA Champions League da UEFA Europa League.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>t58ko2ogfoahx2ltlz4xzklrwsfbeva</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828376</id>
      <parentid>828375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:31:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828376</origin>
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      <text bytes="2617" sha1="5wnttfsydbzw6wk7zoldlu3o3dd19gv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin [[Istanbul]], ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] tare da Galatasaray da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a Istanbul. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar UEFA Champions League da UEFA Europa League.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5wnttfsydbzw6wk7zoldlu3o3dd19gv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828377</id>
      <parentid>828376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:31:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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      <origin>828377</origin>
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      <text bytes="2621" sha1="ho1uj4g2b31c49yysydbawugcox1243" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin [[Istanbul]], ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] tare da [[Galatasaray]] da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a Istanbul. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar UEFA Champions League da UEFA Europa League.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ho1uj4g2b31c49yysydbawugcox1243</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828378</id>
      <parentid>828377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T15:33:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saad Nuhu</username>
        <id>43323</id>
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[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin [[Istanbul]], ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] tare da [[Galatasaray]] da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a Istanbul. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar [[UEFA Champions League]] da UEFA Europa League.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>pitdxsc42ccf9bzpcyitgtjppkerchn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828429</id>
      <parentid>828378</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:37:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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[[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin [[Istanbul]], ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] tare da [[Galatasaray]] da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a Istanbul. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar [[UEFA Champions League]] da UEFA Europa League.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
&lt;references/&gt;</text>
      <sha1>07zhug90xktzvf0mqhd22xmv4nvb5zs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828431</id>
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        <id>9891</id>
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[[Fayil:Logo of Beşiktaş JK.svg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş footballteam photo (November 2017).jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-1.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:İstanbul Deniz Müzesi, Beşiktaş 2015-4.jpg|thumb]]
[[Fayil:Beşiktaş J.K.JPG|thumb]]
{{Infobox football club
| clubname = Beşiktaş J.K.
| fullname = Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü
| nickname = Kara Kartallar (The Black Eagles)
| founded = 1903
| ground = Vodafone Park
| capacity = 42,590
| chairman = Serdal Adalı
| manager = Fernando Santos
| league = Süper Lig
| website = https://bjk.com.tr
}}

'''Beşiktaş Jimnastik Kulübü''' wata babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ce da ke a birnin [[Istanbul]], ƙasar Turkiyya. An kafa ta a shekarar 1903, kuma tana daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin wasanni a ƙasar. Kungiyar tana da lakabi da '''Kara Kartallar''' ma’ana “Black Eagles” saboda salon wasanta mai ƙarfi da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Official History&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş tana cikin manyan kungiyoyi uku na ƙasar [[Turkiyya]] tare da [[Galatasaray]] da Fenerbahçe. Wadannan kungiyoyi uku su ne ke jan ragamar gasar Süper Lig tsawon shekaru da dama, inda suke fafatawa sosai domin lashe kofuna.&lt;ref&gt;Turkish Football Federation Records&lt;/ref&gt;

Filin wasan kungiyar shi ne '''Vodafone Park''', wanda ke kusa da Bosphorus a Istanbul. An bude wannan fili a shekarar 2016 bayan rushe tsohon filin Inönü Stadium. Filin yana da kyakkyawan tsari da kayan zamani wanda ke jan hankalin magoya baya daga ko’ina cikin duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Vodafone Park Stadium Info&lt;/ref&gt;

Beşiktaş ta lashe gasar Süper Lig sau da dama, tare da kofuna na cikin gida kamar Turkish Cup da Turkish Super Cup. Har ila yau, ta taba wakiltar Turkiyya a gasannin Turai kamar [[UEFA Champions League]] da UEFA Europa League.&lt;ref&gt;UEFA Club Statistics&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar tana da tarihin fitar da manyan ‘yan wasa da suka yi fice a duniya, ciki har da Rıza Çalımbay, Sergen Yalçın da kuma Ricardo Quaresma. Wadannan ‘yan wasa sun taka rawar gani wajen daukaka sunan kungiyar a duniya.&lt;ref&gt;Player Profiles Archive&lt;/ref&gt;

Magoya bayan Beşiktaş suna daga cikin mafi aminci da kuzari a Turkiyya. Ana kiransu '''Çarşı''', kuma sun shahara wajen goyon bayan kungiyar da rera wakoki a filin wasa, wanda ke kara wa kungiyar kwarin gwiwa yayin wasa.&lt;ref&gt;Çarşı Fan Group History&lt;/ref&gt;

Kungiyar Beşiktaş ba kawai ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ba ce, tana kuma da sauran bangarorin wasanni kamar kwallon kwando, volleyball da sauran su. Wannan ya sa ta zama cikakkiyar kungiyar wasanni a Turkiyya.&lt;ref&gt;Beşiktaş Sports Club Overview&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Stub}}

== Manazarta ==
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    <title>Kay Raseroka</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323782617|Kay Raseroka]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Helen Kay Raseroka''' ma'aikaciyar laburare ce wacce aka haifa a Kwazulu-Natal, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma 'yar ƙasar [[Botswana]] ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2001 |title=Kay Raseroka wins Presidential election |url=https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/news/documents/kay_raseroka_wins_presidential_election.pdf |journal=International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions |access-date=2020-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburare da Cibiyoyi ta Duniya (IFLA) ce daga 2003 zuwa 2005, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- IFLA Presidents |url=https://www.ifla.org/annual-conference/past-ifla-presidents |access-date=2020-05-23 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ƙarƙashin taken &quot; ''Laburare don karatu da rubutu har abada'' &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Raseroka |first=Kay |date=2003-06-01 |title=Libraries for Lifelong Literacy: IFLA Presidential Theme 2003-2005 |journal=IFLA Journal |language=en-US |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1177/034003520302900202 |issn=0340-0352 |s2cid=109577766}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Raseroka ta yi aiki a fannin ɗakin karatu da ayyukan ba da bayanai sama da shekaru ashirin, inda ta ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga wannan sana'a a gida da kuma ƙasashen duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Helen Kay Raseroka Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Helen Kay Raseroka |url=https://archive.rd-alliance.org/about/organization/key-profiles/helen-kay-raseroka.html |access-date=23 June 2024 |publisher=Research Data Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance Daraktar Ayyukan Laburare [[Jami'ar Botswana|na Jami'ar Botswana]], mukamin da ta bari a shekarar 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schrader |first=Alvin M. |date=2010 |title=News from the Prairies |url=https://www.exlibris.ca/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=newsletters:elan_issue_48_fall_2010.pdf |journal=ELAN Ex Libris Association Newsletter |location=Toronto |publisher=ELA |volume=Fall |issue=48 |pages=13 |access-date=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburare da Cibiyoyi ta Duniya (IFLA), inda ta kasance 'yar takara ta farko a Afirka, tsakanin 2003 da 2005. Ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Amintattu na Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya don Samun Littattafan Kimiyya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications |date=2011 |title=(INASP) |url=https://www.inasp.info/sites/default/files/2018-04/2011_annual_review.pdf |journal=Annual Review |pages=15 |access-date=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance memba ta farko a Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Botswana kuma a yanki, shugabar kafa taron dindindin na masu kula da Laburare na Ƙasa da na Jami'o'i na Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka. (INASP). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na CODE Canada, wata ƙungiya ta ilimi ta duniya ga yara waɗanda ke aiki tare da abokan hulɗa a ƙasashe masu tasowa don tallafawa muhalli mai ɗorewa na karatu da rubutu, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na lambar yabo ta NOMA don Buga Littattafai a Afirka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jay |first=Mary |date=23 June 2006 |title=25 Years of the Noma Award for Publishing in Africa: an historic overview |journal=The African Book Publishing Record |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=116–118 |doi=10.1515/ABPR.2006.116 |s2cid=153639262}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta kafa asusun Tallafin Bayanai na Yara na Botswana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws/ |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=IFLA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta shafe sama da shekaru talatin da biyar tana fafutukar inganta muhimmancin bayanai da tsarin ilmantarwa a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Domin girmama gudunmawar da ta bayar, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Dakta a fannin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Alberta (Kanada). A halin yanzu, tana aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar bincike mai fannoni daban-daban da ke aiki don tsara Tsarin Tsarin Ilimi na 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Botho |title=Dr. Helen Kay Raseroka (Council Member) |url=https://botswana.bothouniversity.com/news/item/308-dr-helen-kay-raseroka-council-member |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720141904/https://botswana.bothouniversity.com/news/item/308-dr-helen-kay-raseroka-council-member |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=botswana.bothouniversity.com |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙungiyoyi ===
Ta shiga cikin Rukunin Sha'awar Bayanan Bincike na RDA'S, inda suka yi fafutukar wayar da kan masu kula da Laburare game da Buɗaɗɗen Bayani . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Helen Kay Raseroka |url=https://www.rd-alliance.org/users/kay |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=RDA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da wani zaman da aka ɗauki nauyinsa tare, inda aka gabatar da wani gabatarwa mai taken &quot;Abubuwa 23: Laburare don Bayanan Bincike&quot;, a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyi da Cibiyoyi ta Laburare ta Duniya da aka gudanar a [[Cape Town]] a shekarar 2015.

Ta shiga cikin matakan ƙirƙirar Rukunin Sha'awa kan kayayyakin more rayuwa na lissafin girgije don Ci gaban Binciken Duniya (DWR) kuma a cikin wannan tsari an gabatar da ita ga CODATA wanda abokin tarayya ne ga RDA. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-30 |title=Member Spotlight: Kay Raseroka - Joint Minds Consult |url=https://www.rd-alliance.org/member-spotlight-kay-raseroka-joint-minds-consult |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=RDA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda alaƙarta da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu, ta sami damar haɗa Botswana, ta hanyar Joint Minds Consult, wajen wayar da kan Al'ummar Bincike a Botswana game da buƙatar daidaita bayanan bincike don ba da damar samun dama, amfani, da haɗin kai ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai/ Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai (ODOS) da aka yarda da su a duniya. A matsayinta na Daraktar Ci gaban Ilimi da Gudanarwa a Joint Minds Consult, ta ba da jagoranci don jagorantar tattaunawa kan Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai da Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai a Botswana. Sakamakon haka, Joint Minds Consult ta ɗauki babban matsayi wajen tsara tattaunawa a matakin ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ms. Kay Raseroka |url=https://www.uopeople.edu/about/leadership/overview-library-services-leadership/kay-raseroka/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=University of the People}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shiga ===
Aikinta mai ban sha'awa ya haɗa da yin aiki a matsayin shugabar Afirka ta farko ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin ɗakunan karatu ta duniya (IFLA). Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Laburare a [[Lubutu Library Partners]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boards |url=https://www.lubuto.org/boards |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Lubuto Library Partners |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chartered Institute of Laburare and Information Professionals (FCILIP) na Burtaniya, memba na [[Kungiyar Laburaren Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Najeriya]] (FNLA) da kuma Laburare and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-01-26 |title=Dr. Kay. H. Raseroka |url=https://www.jointmindsconsult.com/team/dr-kay-h-raseroka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720141902/https://www.jointmindsconsult.com/team/dr-kay-h-raseroka/ |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=JOINT MINDS CONSULT |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kafa Asusun Bayar da Bayanai na Yara na Botswana don tallafawa haɗakar makarantu da tsarin ilmantarwa na 'yan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar ba da labarai ta hanyar dattawa da yara suna rabawa da rubuta labaransu waɗanda suka keɓe fiye da shekaru 35 don haɓaka mahimmancin koyo ta baki a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da sauran fitattun abubuwa ==
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2010, Kay Raseroka ta sami lambar girmamawa ta Doctor of Laws daga Jami'ar Alberta – Kanada. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws &quot;IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws&quot;]. ''www.ifla.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;24 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan da aka buga ==

* Hayden, C., &amp; Raseroka, H. (1988). Nagarta da Mummuna: Littattafai Biyu na Afirka ta Kudu. ''Ƙungiyar Adabin Yara ta Kwata'', ''13'', 57–60. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0619&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, H. (1992). Taron Tsayayyen Masu Ɗakunan Karatu na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin: Kimantawa mai mahimmanci. ''Ci gaban Bayanai - INF DEV'', ''8'', 30–34. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/026666699200800107&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, HK (1993). Matsayin da Manufar Laburaren Jami'a a cikin Muhalli Mai Saurin Canzawa Tare da Magana game da Yankin Gabashin da Kudancin Afirka. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''19'' (1), 50.
* Raseroka, HK (1994). Canje-canje a cikin ɗakunan karatu na jama'a a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata: Ra'ayin Afirka. ''Libri'', ''44'' (2), 153.
* Raseroka, H. (1995). Shekaru Goma na Ci Gaban Bayanai a Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka. ''Ci Gaban Bayanai - INF DEV'', ''11'', 56–59.
* Raseroka, K. (1997). Kalubalen Muhalli Mai Hulɗa a Mahangar Ƙasashe Masu Ci Gaba a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara. ''Binciken Bayanai da Laburare na Ƙasa da Ƙasa'', ''29'' (3–4), 487.
* Bloss, ME, Hegedus, P., Law, D., Nilsen, S., Raseroka, K., Rodriguez, A., &amp; Wu, J. (2000). ''Ƙungiyar Shawara ta IFLA akan Sashe na 8'' .
* Raseroka, HK (2001). Koyo na Tsawon Rai: Haɗa Raba-raba na Dijital da Tsara don Gaba. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''27'' (5/6), 328.
* Raseroka, H. (2001). Amfani da Lokacin: Matsaloli da Damammaki Don Ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Bayanai. ''Ifla Journal'', ''27'', 322–327. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/034003520102700507&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, K. (2003). «Ba a cikin Mafarkai na Mafi Tsada ba»: Mujallar IFLA ta yi hira da Kay Raseroka. ''Mujallar Ifla'', ''29'', 205–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi/10.1177/034003520302900302&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, K. (2003). Laburare don Karatu na Tsawon Rai: Jigon Shugaban Kasa na IFLA 2003–2005. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''29'' (2), 109.
* Raseroka, Kay ''[Buɗaɗɗen Hanya: me ake nufi da shi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa? - Zagaye-zagaye].'', 2003. A cikin Buɗaɗɗen Hanya zuwa Bayanan Kimiyya da Fasaha: Yanayin Fasaha da Yanayin Nan Gaba, Paris, 23–24 Janairu 2003. [Gabatarwa]. http://eprints.rclis.org/4578/
* Raseroka, K. (2004). Majalisar Kula da Laburare ta Duniya da Bayani, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Agusta 2004: Adireshin Buɗewa. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''30'' (4), 272–274.
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Rahoton Shugaban Ƙasa. A cikin ''Mujallar IFLA'' (Juzu'i na 31, Fitowa ta 4, shafi na 10.&amp;nbsp;350–254).
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Daga Sakatariya. ''Jaridar IFLA'', ''31'' (1), 96-97.
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Afirka zuwa Afirka: gina al'ummar iliminta. ''Binciken Afirka da Takardu'', (99), 3–11.
* Raseroka, K., Byrne, A., &amp; Lor, P. (2005). Hukumar Gudanarwa ta IFLA: Sakamakon Taron Maris 2005. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''31'' (3), 274.
* Raseroka, K., Bowden, R., Abeysinghe, WA, Amarasiri, U., &amp; Were, J. (2005). Labaran Tsunami. ''Jaridar IFLA'', ''31'' (1), 93-94.
* Raseroka, K. (2006). Samun damar samun bayanai da ilimi. ''Haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin ƙungiyar bayanai ta duniya'', 91–105.
* Raseroka, K. (2006). ''Ci gaban Karatu da Ilmi a cikin Al'adun Baka: Kalubale da Damammaki a cikin Ƙasar Kudancin Afirka'' . https://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/082-Raseroka-en.pdf
* Raseroka, K. (2008). Sauyin Bayanai Afirka: Ilimin 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa - Tabbatar da sarari a cikin al'ummar ilimi. ''Binciken Bayanai da Laburare na Ƙasa da Ƙasa'', ''40'' (4), 243–250.
* Raseroka, HK, &amp; Mutula, SM (2012). 2.2 Botswana Ta Dawo Da Tasirin Fasahar Sadarwar Bayanai Kan Dakunan Karatu na Ilimi a Yankin Saharar Afirka: Nazarin Shari'a na Dakin Karatu na Jami'ar Botswana. ''Dakunan Karatu a farkon karni na 21, juzu'i na 2: Ra'ayi na duniya'', ''2'', 129.
* Raseroka, K. (2015, Yuli). Jagoranci Mai Kyau a Laburaren Afirka. ''A Taron Duniya na AfLIA | IST AfLIA'' .

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Presidents of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions}}{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
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'''Helen Kay Raseroka''' ma'aikaciyar laburare ce wacce aka haifa a Kwazulu-Natal, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma 'yar ƙasar [[Botswana]] ce. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2001 |title=Kay Raseroka wins Presidential election |url=https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/news/documents/kay_raseroka_wins_presidential_election.pdf |journal=International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions |access-date=2020-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburare da Cibiyoyi ta Duniya (IFLA) ce daga 2003 zuwa 2005, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- IFLA Presidents |url=https://www.ifla.org/annual-conference/past-ifla-presidents |access-date=2020-05-23 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ƙarƙashin taken &quot; ''Laburare don karatu da rubutu har abada'' &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Raseroka |first=Kay |date=2003-06-01 |title=Libraries for Lifelong Literacy: IFLA Presidential Theme 2003-2005 |journal=IFLA Journal |language=en-US |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1177/034003520302900202 |issn=0340-0352 |s2cid=109577766}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Raseroka ta yi aiki a fannin ɗakin karatu da ayyukan ba da bayanai sama da shekaru ashirin, inda ta ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga wannan sana'a a gida da kuma ƙasashen duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Helen Kay Raseroka Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Helen Kay Raseroka |url=https://archive.rd-alliance.org/about/organization/key-profiles/helen-kay-raseroka.html |access-date=23 June 2024 |publisher=Research Data Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance Daraktar Ayyukan Laburare [[Jami'ar Botswana|na Jami'ar Botswana]], mukamin da ta bari a shekarar 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schrader |first=Alvin M. |date=2010 |title=News from the Prairies |url=https://www.exlibris.ca/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=newsletters:elan_issue_48_fall_2010.pdf |journal=ELAN Ex Libris Association Newsletter |location=Toronto |publisher=ELA |volume=Fall |issue=48 |pages=13 |access-date=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburare da Cibiyoyi ta Duniya (IFLA), inda ta kasance 'yar takara ta farko a Afirka, tsakanin 2003 da 2005. Ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Amintattu na Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya don Samun Littattafan Kimiyya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications |date=2011 |title=(INASP) |url=https://www.inasp.info/sites/default/files/2018-04/2011_annual_review.pdf |journal=Annual Review |pages=15 |access-date=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance memba ta farko a Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Botswana kuma a yanki, shugabar kafa taron dindindin na masu kula da Laburare na Ƙasa da na Jami'o'i na Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka. (INASP). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na CODE Canada, wata ƙungiya ta ilimi ta duniya ga yara waɗanda ke aiki tare da abokan hulɗa a ƙasashe masu tasowa don tallafawa muhalli mai ɗorewa na karatu da rubutu, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na lambar yabo ta NOMA don Buga Littattafai a Afirka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jay |first=Mary |date=23 June 2006 |title=25 Years of the Noma Award for Publishing in Africa: an historic overview |journal=The African Book Publishing Record |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=116–118 |doi=10.1515/ABPR.2006.116 |s2cid=153639262}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta kafa asusun Tallafin Bayanai na Yara na Botswana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws/ |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=IFLA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta shafe sama da shekaru talatin da biyar tana fafutukar inganta muhimmancin bayanai da tsarin ilmantarwa a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Domin girmama gudunmawar da ta bayar, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Dakta a fannin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Alberta (Kanada). A halin yanzu, tana aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar bincike mai fannoni daban-daban da ke aiki don tsara Tsarin Tsarin Ilimi na 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Botho |title=Dr. Helen Kay Raseroka (Council Member) |url=https://botswana.bothouniversity.com/news/item/308-dr-helen-kay-raseroka-council-member |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720141904/https://botswana.bothouniversity.com/news/item/308-dr-helen-kay-raseroka-council-member |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=botswana.bothouniversity.com |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙungiyoyi ===
Ta shiga cikin Rukunin Sha'awar Bayanan Bincike na RDA'S, inda suka yi fafutukar wayar da kan masu kula da Laburare game da Buɗaɗɗen Bayani . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Helen Kay Raseroka |url=https://www.rd-alliance.org/users/kay |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=RDA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da wani zaman da aka ɗauki nauyinsa tare, inda aka gabatar da wani gabatarwa mai taken &quot;Abubuwa 23: Laburare don Bayanan Bincike&quot;, a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyi da Cibiyoyi ta Laburare ta Duniya da aka gudanar a [[Cape Town]] a shekarar 2015.

Ta shiga cikin matakan ƙirƙirar Rukunin Sha'awa kan kayayyakin more rayuwa na lissafin girgije don Ci gaban Binciken Duniya (DWR) kuma a cikin wannan tsari an gabatar da ita ga CODATA wanda abokin tarayya ne ga RDA. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-30 |title=Member Spotlight: Kay Raseroka - Joint Minds Consult |url=https://www.rd-alliance.org/member-spotlight-kay-raseroka-joint-minds-consult |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=RDA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda alaƙarta da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu, ta sami damar haɗa Botswana, ta hanyar Joint Minds Consult, wajen wayar da kan Al'ummar Bincike a Botswana game da buƙatar daidaita bayanan bincike don ba da damar samun dama, amfani, da haɗin kai ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai/ Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai (ODOS) da aka yarda da su a duniya. A matsayinta na Daraktar Ci gaban Ilimi da Gudanarwa a Joint Minds Consult, ta ba da jagoranci don jagorantar tattaunawa kan Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai da Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai a Botswana. Sakamakon haka, Joint Minds Consult ta ɗauki babban matsayi wajen tsara tattaunawa a matakin ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ms. Kay Raseroka |url=https://www.uopeople.edu/about/leadership/overview-library-services-leadership/kay-raseroka/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=University of the People}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shiga ===
Aikinta mai ban sha'awa ya haɗa da yin aiki a matsayin shugabar Afirka ta farko ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin ɗakunan karatu ta duniya (IFLA). Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Laburare a [[Lubutu Library Partners]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boards |url=https://www.lubuto.org/boards |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Lubuto Library Partners |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Chartered Institute of Laburare and Information Professionals (FCILIP) na Burtaniya, memba na [[Kungiyar Laburaren Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Najeriya]] (FNLA) da kuma Laburare and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-01-26 |title=Dr. Kay. H. Raseroka |url=https://www.jointmindsconsult.com/team/dr-kay-h-raseroka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720141902/https://www.jointmindsconsult.com/team/dr-kay-h-raseroka/ |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=JOINT MINDS CONSULT |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kafa Asusun Bayar da Bayanai na Yara na Botswana don tallafawa haɗakar makarantu da tsarin ilmantarwa na 'yan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar ba da labarai ta hanyar dattawa da yara suna rabawa da rubuta labaransu waɗanda suka keɓe fiye da shekaru 35 don haɓaka mahimmancin koyo ta baki a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da sauran fitattun abubuwa ==
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2010, Kay Raseroka ta sami lambar girmamawa ta Doctor of Laws daga Jami'ar Alberta – Kanada. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws &quot;IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws&quot;]. ''www.ifla.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;24 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan da aka buga ==

* Hayden, C., &amp; Raseroka, H. (1988). Nagarta da Mummuna: Littattafai Biyu na Afirka ta Kudu. ''Ƙungiyar Adabin Yara ta Kwata'', ''13'', 57–60. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0619&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, H. (1992). Taron Tsayayyen Masu Ɗakunan Karatu na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin: Kimantawa mai mahimmanci. ''Ci gaban Bayanai - INF DEV'', ''8'', 30–34. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/026666699200800107&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, HK (1993). Matsayin da Manufar Laburaren Jami'a a cikin Muhalli Mai Saurin Canzawa Tare da Magana game da Yankin Gabashin da Kudancin Afirka. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''19'' (1), 50.
* Raseroka, HK (1994). Canje-canje a cikin ɗakunan karatu na jama'a a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata: Ra'ayin Afirka. ''Libri'', ''44'' (2), 153.
* Raseroka, H. (1995). Shekaru Goma na Ci Gaban Bayanai a Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka. ''Ci Gaban Bayanai - INF DEV'', ''11'', 56–59.
* Raseroka, K. (1997). Kalubalen Muhalli Mai Hulɗa a Mahangar Ƙasashe Masu Ci Gaba a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara. ''Binciken Bayanai da Laburare na Ƙasa da Ƙasa'', ''29'' (3–4), 487.
* Bloss, ME, Hegedus, P., Law, D., Nilsen, S., Raseroka, K., Rodriguez, A., &amp; Wu, J. (2000). ''Ƙungiyar Shawara ta IFLA akan Sashe na 8'' .
* Raseroka, HK (2001). Koyo na Tsawon Rai: Haɗa Raba-raba na Dijital da Tsara don Gaba. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''27'' (5/6), 328.
* Raseroka, H. (2001). Amfani da Lokacin: Matsaloli da Damammaki Don Ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Bayanai. ''Ifla Journal'', ''27'', 322–327. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/034003520102700507&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, K. (2003). «Ba a cikin Mafarkai na Mafi Tsada ba»: Mujallar IFLA ta yi hira da Kay Raseroka. ''Mujallar Ifla'', ''29'', 205–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi/10.1177/034003520302900302&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, K. (2003). Laburare don Karatu na Tsawon Rai: Jigon Shugaban Kasa na IFLA 2003–2005. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''29'' (2), 109.
* Raseroka, Kay ''[Buɗaɗɗen Hanya: me ake nufi da shi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa? - Zagaye-zagaye].'', 2003. A cikin Buɗaɗɗen Hanya zuwa Bayanan Kimiyya da Fasaha: Yanayin Fasaha da Yanayin Nan Gaba, Paris, 23–24 Janairu 2003. [Gabatarwa]. http://eprints.rclis.org/4578/
* Raseroka, K. (2004). Majalisar Kula da Laburare ta Duniya da Bayani, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Agusta 2004: Adireshin Buɗewa. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''30'' (4), 272–274.
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Rahoton Shugaban Ƙasa. A cikin ''Mujallar IFLA'' (Juzu'i na 31, Fitowa ta 4, shafi na 10.&amp;nbsp;350–254).
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Daga Sakatariya. ''Jaridar IFLA'', ''31'' (1), 96-97.
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Afirka zuwa Afirka: gina al'ummar iliminta. ''Binciken Afirka da Takardu'', (99), 3–11.
* Raseroka, K., Byrne, A., &amp; Lor, P. (2005). Hukumar Gudanarwa ta IFLA: Sakamakon Taron Maris 2005. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''31'' (3), 274.
* Raseroka, K., Bowden, R., Abeysinghe, WA, Amarasiri, U., &amp; Were, J. (2005). Labaran Tsunami. ''Jaridar IFLA'', ''31'' (1), 93-94.
* Raseroka, K. (2006). Samun damar samun bayanai da ilimi. ''Haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin ƙungiyar bayanai ta duniya'', 91–105.
* Raseroka, K. (2006). ''Ci gaban Karatu da Ilmi a cikin Al'adun Baka: Kalubale da Damammaki a cikin Ƙasar Kudancin Afirka'' . https://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/082-Raseroka-en.pdf
* Raseroka, K. (2008). Sauyin Bayanai Afirka: Ilimin 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa - Tabbatar da sarari a cikin al'ummar ilimi. ''Binciken Bayanai da Laburare na Ƙasa da Ƙasa'', ''40'' (4), 243–250.
* Raseroka, HK, &amp; Mutula, SM (2012). 2.2 Botswana Ta Dawo Da Tasirin Fasahar Sadarwar Bayanai Kan Dakunan Karatu na Ilimi a Yankin Saharar Afirka: Nazarin Shari'a na Dakin Karatu na Jami'ar Botswana. ''Dakunan Karatu a farkon karni na 21, juzu'i na 2: Ra'ayi na duniya'', ''2'', 129.
* Raseroka, K. (2015, Yuli). Jagoranci Mai Kyau a Laburaren Afirka. ''A Taron Duniya na AfLIA | IST AfLIA'' .

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Presidents of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions}}{{Authority control}}
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'''Helen Kay Raseroka''' ma'aikaciyar laburare ce wacce aka haifa a Kwazulu-Natal, [[Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma 'yar ƙasar [[Botswana]] ce.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2001 |title=Kay Raseroka wins Presidential election |url=https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/news/documents/kay_raseroka_wins_presidential_election.pdf |journal=International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions |access-date=2020-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tsohuwar Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburare da Cibiyoyi ta Duniya (IFLA) ce daga 2003 zuwa 2005, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- IFLA Presidents |url=https://www.ifla.org/annual-conference/past-ifla-presidents |access-date=2020-05-23 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; a ƙarƙashin taken &quot; ''Laburare don karatu da rubutu har abada'' &quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Raseroka |first=Kay |date=2003-06-01 |title=Libraries for Lifelong Literacy: IFLA Presidential Theme 2003-2005 |journal=IFLA Journal |language=en-US |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=109–112 |doi=10.1177/034003520302900202 |issn=0340-0352 |s2cid=109577766}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Raseroka ta yi aiki a fannin ɗakin karatu da ayyukan ba da bayanai sama da shekaru ashirin, inda ta ba da gudummawa mai yawa ga wannan sana'a a gida da kuma ƙasashen duniya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Helen Kay Raseroka Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Helen Kay Raseroka |url=https://archive.rd-alliance.org/about/organization/key-profiles/helen-kay-raseroka.html |access-date=23 June 2024 |publisher=Research Data Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance Daraktar Ayyukan Laburare [[Jami'ar Botswana|na Jami'ar Botswana]], mukamin da ta bari a shekarar 2010. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Schrader |first=Alvin M. |date=2010 |title=News from the Prairies |url=https://www.exlibris.ca/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=newsletters:elan_issue_48_fall_2010.pdf |journal=ELAN Ex Libris Association Newsletter |location=Toronto |publisher=ELA |volume=Fall |issue=48 |pages=13 |access-date=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta yi aiki a matsayin Shugabar Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Laburare da Cibiyoyi ta Duniya (IFLA), inda ta kasance 'yar takara ta farko a Afirka, tsakanin 2003 da 2005. Ta kasance memba a Kwamitin Amintattu na Cibiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya don Samun Littattafan Kimiyya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications |date=2011 |title=(INASP) |url=https://www.inasp.info/sites/default/files/2018-04/2011_annual_review.pdf |journal=Annual Review |pages=15 |access-date=2020-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kasance memba ta farko a Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Botswana kuma a yanki, shugabar kafa taron dindindin na masu kula da Laburare na Ƙasa da na Jami'o'i na Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka. (INASP). Ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin memba na kwamitin gudanarwa na CODE Canada, wata ƙungiya ta ilimi ta duniya ga yara waɗanda ke aiki tare da abokan hulɗa a ƙasashe masu tasowa don tallafawa muhalli mai ɗorewa na karatu da rubutu, kuma ta yi aiki a matsayin memba na lambar yabo ta NOMA don Buga Littattafai a Afirka &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Jay |first=Mary |date=23 June 2006 |title=25 Years of the Noma Award for Publishing in Africa: an historic overview |journal=The African Book Publishing Record |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=116–118 |doi=10.1515/ABPR.2006.116 |s2cid=153639262}}&lt;/ref&gt; kuma ta kafa asusun Tallafin Bayanai na Yara na Botswana. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws/ |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=IFLA |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta shafe sama da shekaru talatin da biyar tana fafutukar inganta muhimmancin bayanai da tsarin ilmantarwa a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. Domin girmama gudunmawar da ta bayar, an ba ta lambar girmamawa ta Dakta a fannin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Alberta (Kanada). A halin yanzu, tana aiki a matsayin memba na ƙungiyar bincike mai fannoni daban-daban da ke aiki don tsara Tsarin Tsarin Ilimi na 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=Botho |title=Dr. Helen Kay Raseroka (Council Member) |url=https://botswana.bothouniversity.com/news/item/308-dr-helen-kay-raseroka-council-member |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720141904/https://botswana.bothouniversity.com/news/item/308-dr-helen-kay-raseroka-council-member |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=botswana.bothouniversity.com |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ƙungiyoyi ===
Ta shiga cikin Rukunin Sha'awar Bayanan Bincike na RDA'S, inda suka yi fafutukar wayar da kan masu kula da Laburare game da Buɗaɗɗen Bayani . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Helen Kay Raseroka |url=https://www.rd-alliance.org/users/kay |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=RDA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wannan ya haifar da wani zaman da aka ɗauki nauyinsa tare, inda aka gabatar da wani gabatarwa mai taken &quot;Abubuwa 23: Laburare don Bayanan Bincike&quot;, a taron shekara-shekara na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyi da Cibiyoyi ta Laburare ta Duniya da aka gudanar a [[Cape Town]] a shekarar 2015.

Ta shiga cikin matakan ƙirƙirar Rukunin Sha'awa kan kayayyakin more rayuwa na lissafin girgije don Ci gaban Binciken Duniya (DWR) kuma a cikin wannan tsari an gabatar da ita ga CODATA wanda abokin tarayya ne ga RDA. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-03-30 |title=Member Spotlight: Kay Raseroka - Joint Minds Consult |url=https://www.rd-alliance.org/member-spotlight-kay-raseroka-joint-minds-consult |access-date=2022-02-02 |website=RDA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saboda alaƙarta da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi biyu, ta sami damar haɗa Botswana, ta hanyar Joint Minds Consult, wajen wayar da kan Al'ummar Bincike a Botswana game da buƙatar daidaita bayanan bincike don ba da damar samun dama, amfani, da haɗin kai ta hanyar ƙa'idodin Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai/ Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai (ODOS) da aka yarda da su a duniya. A matsayinta na Daraktar Ci gaban Ilimi da Gudanarwa a Joint Minds Consult, ta ba da jagoranci don jagorantar tattaunawa kan Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai da Kimiyyar Buɗaɗɗen Bayanai a Botswana. Sakamakon haka, Joint Minds Consult ta ɗauki babban matsayi wajen tsara tattaunawa a matakin ƙasa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ms. Kay Raseroka |url=https://www.uopeople.edu/about/leadership/overview-library-services-leadership/kay-raseroka/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=University of the People}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Shiga ===
Aikinta mai ban sha'awa ya haɗa da yin aiki a matsayin shugabar Afirka ta farko ta ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin ɗakunan karatu ta duniya (IFLA). Ta kasance memba a Majalisar Ba da Shawara kan Ayyukan Laburare a [[Lubutu Library Partners]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boards |url=https://www.lubuto.org/boards |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Lubuto Library Partners |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (FCILIP)'' na Burtaniya, memba na [[Kungiyar Laburaren Najeriya|Ƙungiyar Laburare ta Najeriya]] (FNLA) da kuma Laburare and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-01-26 |title=Dr. Kay. H. Raseroka |url=https://www.jointmindsconsult.com/team/dr-kay-h-raseroka/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720141902/https://www.jointmindsconsult.com/team/dr-kay-h-raseroka/ |archive-date=20 July 2021 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=JOINT MINDS CONSULT |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ta kafa Asusun Bayar da Bayanai na Yara na Botswana don tallafawa haɗakar makarantu da tsarin ilmantarwa na 'yan asalin ƙasar ta hanyar ba da labarai ta hanyar dattawa da yara suna rabawa da rubuta labaransu waɗanda suka keɓe fiye da shekaru 35 don haɓaka mahimmancin koyo ta baki a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lambobin yabo da sauran fitattun abubuwa ==
A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2010, Kay Raseroka ta sami lambar girmamawa ta Doctor of Laws daga Jami'ar Alberta – Kanada. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.ifla.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ifla.org/ES/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws &quot;IFLA -- Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws&quot;]. ''www.ifla.org''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;24 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kay Raseroka to receive Honorary Doctor of Laws |url=https://www.ifla.org/news/kay-raseroka-to-receive-honorary-doctor-of-laws/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan da aka buga ==

* Hayden, C., &amp; Raseroka, H. (1988). Nagarta da Mummuna: Littattafai Biyu na Afirka ta Kudu. ''Ƙungiyar Adabin Yara ta Kwata'', ''13'', 57–60. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0619&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, H. (1992). Taron Tsayayyen Masu Ɗakunan Karatu na Gabas ta Tsakiya da Kudancin: Kimantawa mai mahimmanci. ''Ci gaban Bayanai - INF DEV'', ''8'', 30–34. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/026666699200800107&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, HK (1993). Matsayin da Manufar Laburaren Jami'a a cikin Muhalli Mai Saurin Canzawa Tare da Magana game da Yankin Gabashin da Kudancin Afirka. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''19'' (1), 50.
* Raseroka, HK (1994). Canje-canje a cikin ɗakunan karatu na jama'a a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata: Ra'ayin Afirka. ''Libri'', ''44'' (2), 153.
* Raseroka, H. (1995). Shekaru Goma na Ci Gaban Bayanai a Gabas, Tsakiya da Kudancin Afirka. ''Ci Gaban Bayanai - INF DEV'', ''11'', 56–59.
* Raseroka, K. (1997). Kalubalen Muhalli Mai Hulɗa a Mahangar Ƙasashe Masu Ci Gaba a Afirka ta Kudu da Sahara. ''Binciken Bayanai da Laburare na Ƙasa da Ƙasa'', ''29'' (3–4), 487.
* Bloss, ME, Hegedus, P., Law, D., Nilsen, S., Raseroka, K., Rodriguez, A., &amp; Wu, J. (2000). ''Ƙungiyar Shawara ta IFLA akan Sashe na 8'' .
* Raseroka, HK (2001). Koyo na Tsawon Rai: Haɗa Raba-raba na Dijital da Tsara don Gaba. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''27'' (5/6), 328.
* Raseroka, H. (2001). Amfani da Lokacin: Matsaloli da Damammaki Don Ƙirƙirar Ƙungiyar Bayanai. ''Ifla Journal'', ''27'', 322–327. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.1177/034003520102700507&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, K. (2003). «Ba a cikin Mafarkai na Mafi Tsada ba»: Mujallar IFLA ta yi hira da Kay Raseroka. ''Mujallar Ifla'', ''29'', 205–208. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi/10.1177/034003520302900302&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Raseroka, K. (2003). Laburare don Karatu na Tsawon Rai: Jigon Shugaban Kasa na IFLA 2003–2005. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''29'' (2), 109.
* Raseroka, Kay ''[Buɗaɗɗen Hanya: me ake nufi da shi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa? - Zagaye-zagaye].'', 2003. A cikin Buɗaɗɗen Hanya zuwa Bayanan Kimiyya da Fasaha: Yanayin Fasaha da Yanayin Nan Gaba, Paris, 23–24 Janairu 2003. [Gabatarwa]. http://eprints.rclis.org/4578/
* Raseroka, K. (2004). Majalisar Kula da Laburare ta Duniya da Bayani, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Agusta 2004: Adireshin Buɗewa. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''30'' (4), 272–274.
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Rahoton Shugaban Ƙasa. A cikin ''Mujallar IFLA'' (Juzu'i na 31, Fitowa ta 4, shafi na 10.&amp;nbsp;350–254).
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Daga Sakatariya. ''Jaridar IFLA'', ''31'' (1), 96-97.
* Raseroka, K. (2005). Afirka zuwa Afirka: gina al'ummar iliminta. ''Binciken Afirka da Takardu'', (99), 3–11.
* Raseroka, K., Byrne, A., &amp; Lor, P. (2005). Hukumar Gudanarwa ta IFLA: Sakamakon Taron Maris 2005. ''Mujallar IFLA'', ''31'' (3), 274.
* Raseroka, K., Bowden, R., Abeysinghe, WA, Amarasiri, U., &amp; Were, J. (2005). Labaran Tsunami. ''Jaridar IFLA'', ''31'' (1), 93-94.
* Raseroka, K. (2006). Samun damar samun bayanai da ilimi. ''Haƙƙin ɗan adam a cikin ƙungiyar bayanai ta duniya'', 91–105.
* Raseroka, K. (2006). ''Ci gaban Karatu da Ilmi a cikin Al'adun Baka: Kalubale da Damammaki a cikin Ƙasar Kudancin Afirka'' . https://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla72/papers/082-Raseroka-en.pdf
* Raseroka, K. (2008). Sauyin Bayanai Afirka: Ilimin 'Yan Asalin Ƙasa - Tabbatar da sarari a cikin al'ummar ilimi. ''Binciken Bayanai da Laburare na Ƙasa da Ƙasa'', ''40'' (4), 243–250.
* Raseroka, HK, &amp; Mutula, SM (2012). 2.2 Botswana Ta Dawo Da Tasirin Fasahar Sadarwar Bayanai Kan Dakunan Karatu na Ilimi a Yankin Saharar Afirka: Nazarin Shari'a na Dakin Karatu na Jami'ar Botswana. ''Dakunan Karatu a farkon karni na 21, juzu'i na 2: Ra'ayi na duniya'', ''2'', 129.
* Raseroka, K. (2015, Yuli). Jagoranci Mai Kyau a Laburaren Afirka. ''A Taron Duniya na AfLIA | IST AfLIA'' .

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}{{Presidents of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions}}{{Authority control}}
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu wadda aka haifa a Turanci, wadda kuma aka haifa a Afirka ta Kudu, wadda ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubuce-rubucen fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa da tarihin rayuwa. 

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki na Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa tare da tsoffin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot; ''Na taɓa Kissed Paris Goodbye'' ,&quot; &quot;Ni ƙaramin gari ne ɗan Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba shi Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin rassan Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, uwar gidan Baron - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna da alaƙa ba ne, har ma da dukiyarta ce ta biya wa Baron kyakkyawar salon rayuwa. Duk wani rikici ga danginsu, an bayyana shi a fili, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu wadda aka haifa a Turanci, wadda kuma aka haifa a Afirka ta Kudu, wadda ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubuce-rubucen fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa da tarihin rayuwa. 

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki na Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa tare da tsoffin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot; ''Na taɓa Kissed Paris Goodbye'' ,&quot; &quot;Ni ƙaramin gari ne ɗan Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba shi Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin rassan Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, uwar gidan Baron - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna da alaƙa ba ne, har ma da dukiyarta ce ta biya wa Baron kyakkyawar salon rayuwa. Duk wani rikici ga danginsu, an bayyana shi a fili, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki na Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa tare da tsoffin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot; ''Na taɓa Kissed Paris Goodbye'' ,&quot; &quot;Ni ƙaramin gari ne ɗan Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba shi Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin rassan Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, uwar gidan Baron - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna da alaƙa ba ne, har ma da dukiyarta ce ta biya wa Baron kyakkyawar salon rayuwa. Duk wani rikici ga danginsu, an bayyana shi a fili, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki na Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa tare da tsoffin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot; ''Na taɓa Kissed Paris Goodbye'' ,&quot; &quot;Ni ƙaramin gari ne ɗan Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba shi Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin rassan Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, uwar gidan Baron - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna da alaƙa ba ne, har ma da dukiyarta ce ta biya wa Baron kyakkyawar salon rayuwa. Duk wani rikici ga danginsu, an bayyana shi a fili, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin rassan Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, uwar gidan Baron - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna da alaƙa ba ne, har ma da dukiyarta ce ta biya wa Baron kyakkyawar salon rayuwa. Duk wani rikici ga danginsu, an bayyana shi a fili, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Duk wani rikici ga danginsu, an bayyana shi a fili, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Ta bayyana mata kuma cewa duk wata matsala ga dangantakar su, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Wannan firgici na wannan wahayi ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]] . Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta rungumi bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubuta wa mujallar adabi, ''Les Nouvelles littéraires'' . Ta yi soyayya da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyin mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta Colette da André Gide . 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <id>828404</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:52:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Sana'a */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7719" sha1="adnkbhxqm9hy6ytn07lnvdq37xky9qf" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Ta bayyana mata kuma cewa duk wata matsala ga dangantakar su, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Firgici na wannan labari ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]]. Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta koma bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubutu wa mujallar adabi wato ''Les Nouvelles littéraires''. Ta yi alaka da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyiyar mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta irin su Colette da André Gide. 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson [[Yahudawa|Bayahude]] da ya fito daga ƙasar ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Resistance ta Faransa . Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗauke da saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, shirya tarihin rayuwarsa ta mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>adnkbhxqm9hy6ytn07lnvdq37xky9qf</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828407</id>
      <parentid>828404</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:00:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Sana'a */</comment>
      <origin>828407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7715" sha1="62tfgdo860md8c9svzg3cgkjc477azi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Ta bayyana mata kuma cewa duk wata matsala ga dangantakar su, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Firgici na wannan labari ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]]. Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta koma bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubutu wa mujallar adabi wato ''Les Nouvelles littéraires''. Ta yi alaka da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyiyar mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta irin su Colette da André Gide. 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson wacce take da tsatson [[Yahudawa]] ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Turjiya ta Faransa. Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗaukar saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro mai tanani&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, wajen shirya tarihin rayuwar mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ya shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel'' . 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:10:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rayuwar kai da rubutu */</comment>
      <origin>828411</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7714" sha1="n0mbxfozzavr3e4ef9ia1722pwnuf28" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Ta bayyana mata kuma cewa duk wata matsala ga dangantakar su, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Firgici na wannan labari ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]]. Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta koma bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubutu wa mujallar adabi wato ''Les Nouvelles littéraires''. Ta yi alaka da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyiyar mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta irin su Colette da André Gide. 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson wacce take da tsatson [[Yahudawa]] ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Turjiya ta Faransa. Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗaukar saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro mai tanani&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, wajen shirya tarihin rayuwar mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ta shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel''. 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95. 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <id>828412</id>
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        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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      <comment>/* Mutuwa */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7738" sha1="mu41ceqcljbauykteniqw9kce9bn7ip" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Ta bayyana mata kuma cewa duk wata matsala ga dangantakar su, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Firgici na wannan labari ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]]. Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta koma bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubutu wa mujallar adabi wato ''Les Nouvelles littéraires''. Ta yi alaka da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyiyar mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta irin su Colette da André Gide. 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson wacce take da tsatson [[Yahudawa]] ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Turjiya ta Faransa. Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗaukar saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro mai tanani&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, wajen shirya tarihin rayuwar mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ta shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel''. 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot; /&gt; 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka. 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;). 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci. 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828413</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:20:22Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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      <comment>/* Skarbek */</comment>
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'''Madeleine Rayner''' (wadda aka haifa '''a Levy''' ; 23 ga Afrilu 1912 - 23 ga Agusta 2007), wacce aka fi sani da '''Madeleine Masson''', marubuciya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu marubuciyar wasannin kwaikwayo na Turanci, labaran fina-finai, da kuma tarihin mutane.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot;&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[Timesonline]] obituary of Madeleine Masson, 15 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;  

== Rayuwa ta farko ==
An haifi Madeleine Masson a shekarar 1912 a [[Johannesburg]] ga wani ma'aikacin banki dan Faransa, Emile Levy, da Lili, &quot;kyakkyawan halitta mai ban sha'awa 'yar asalin [[Vienna|Viennese]] &quot;. A wata tafiya zuwa Paris tare da iyayenta, Madeleine mai shekaru 18 ta haɗu da Baron Renaud Marie de la Minaudière mai shekaru 40. Kamar yadda ta faɗa a cikin tarihin rayuwarta, &quot;''I Never Kissed Paris Goodbye'',&quot; &quot;Ni daga karamin gari nike a Afirka ta Kudu wanda aka ba Yarima Mai Kyau a kan faranti, an yi masa ado da jiragen ruwa, châteaux, riguna masu kyau, duwatsu masu daraja, gidajen birni da kuma kayan yaƙi iri ɗaya da na Valois .&quot; 

Madeleine ta ɗauki sunan mahaifinta &quot;Masson&quot; daga ɗaya daga cikin taken Baron. Yayin da take da juna biyu da ɗanta na fari, bazawarar Baron din - wadda ta yi kuskuren zaton ya rabu da ita - ta sanar da ita cewa ba wai kawai suna tare ba ne har yanzu, cewa ma da dukiyarta ne take biyawa Baron rayuwar kawa da yake yi. Ta bayyana mata kuma cewa duk wata matsala ga dangantakar su, zai haifar da janye tallafinta. 

== Sana'a ==
Firgici na wannan labari ya sa Masson ya yi [[Barin ciki|ɓari]]. Ta yi watsi da rayuwar masu mulki ta koma bohemia ta Paris, ta yi karatun tarihi da falsafa a Sorbonne, fasaha a [[München|Munich]], ta rubutu wa mujallar adabi wato ''Les Nouvelles littéraires''. Ta yi alaka da wani ɗan Afirka ta Kudu, ta zama masoyiyar mai zane na Switzerland Géa Augsbourg, ta san [[Pablo Picasso]] da André Breton, kuma ta haɗu da marubuta irin su Colette da André Gide. 

Lokacin da [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ya zo, Masson wacce take da tsatson [[Yahudawa]] ya bar Géa Augsbourg, yana da niyyar komawa Afirka ta Kudu. A cikin jirgin ƙasa zuwa [[Bordeaux]], an shawo kanta ta shiga ƙungiyar Turjiya ta Faransa. Daga baya ta tuna da wannan lokacin, wanda a lokacin take ɗaukar saƙonni kuma tana taimaka wa waɗanda suka tsere, a matsayin lokacin &quot;tsoro mai tanani&quot;. A shekarun baya, ta taimaka wa Tim Buckmaster, ɗan Maurice Buckmaster, shugaban Sashen F (Faransa) na SOE, wajen shirya tarihin rayuwar mahaifinsa. 

== Rayuwar kai da rubutu ==
A lokacin da suke tafiya don ziyartar kabarin [[Napoleon]] a [[Saint Halena|Saint Helena]], Masson ya haɗu da Kyaftin John Rayner. Bayan sun yi soyayya, sun yi aure wanda zai ɗauki shekaru 32. 

A lokacin da take kula da gidan danginta a Bosham, West Sussex, Ingila, Masson ta fara wani kamfanin hulda da jama'a na farko. A duk tsawon lokacin, ta rubuta wasannin kwaikwayo, rubutun fina-finai, littattafai, tarihin rayuwa, da kuma tarihin rayuwa. Mafi shahara sune tarihin rayuwarta da tarihin rayuwarta na Edwina, Countess Mountbatten ta Burma, da kuma shahararriyar wakiliyar SOE [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville). 

Har zuwa lokacin bazara na 2007, Masson ta shagaltu da yin gyara ga wani littafi na baya game da [[wiktionary:massacre|kisan kiyashin da]] Jamus ta yi wa mazauna garin Oradour a ranar 10 ga Yuni, 1944, kusa da [[Limoges]], Faransa, da kuma yin aiki a kan tarihin rayuwar Baroness Emma Orczy, marubuciyar ''The Scarlet Pimpernel''. 

== Mutuwa ==
Madeleine Masson ta mutu a ranar 23 ga Agusta 2007, tana da shekaru 95.&lt;ref name=&quot;TimesObit&quot; /&gt; 

== Skarbek ==
Masson ta haɗu da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka rubuta tarihin rayuwarta, [[Krystyna Skarbek]], a lokacin tafiya a ''Winchester Castle'' a watan Mayu-Yuni 1952 daga [[Cape Town]], Afirka ta Kudu, zuwa Ingila don sake haɗuwa da kyaftin ɗinta na gaba, mijinta. Ta yi sha'awar mai hidimarta, wacce &quot;ta kasance mai ladabi, mai ƙwarewa kuma mai nisa .... Babu kararrawa da aka yi wa gargaɗi ... don gaya mini cewa shekaru ashirin bayan haka, ina farkawa ina barci, ya kamata in yi ƙoƙarin tuna kowace kalma, kowace murya da kowace irin alama ta wannan matar.&quot; Duk da haka, lokacin da ta sauka a [[Southampton]] a ranar 13 ga Yuni, Masson ta yi tambaya game da cikakken sunan mai hidimarta kuma aka gaya mata cewa Christine Granville ce. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, Masson ta yi mamakin karantawa a cikin jaridarta ta safe cewa, a daren 15 ga Yuni, an kashe Christine Granville a wani otal a Landan. Kwanakin da suka biyo baya sun kawo labarai masu ban sha'awa game da ayyukan yaƙi na [[Krystyna Skarbek]] (wanda aka fi sani da Christine Granville) da jarumtaka.&lt;ref&gt;Madeleine Masson, ''Christine:  a Search for [[Christine Granville]]'', pp. xvii–xix.&lt;/ref&gt; 

A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, yayin da Masson ke ƙoƙarin sanin makomar abokanta kafin yaƙi da kuma abokan hamayyarta na lokacin yaƙi, ta yi tsammanin haɗuwa da mutanen da suka san Skarbek da abokin tarayyarta Andrzej Kowerski (&quot;Andrew Kennedy&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;Madeleine Masson, ''Christine:  a Search for [[Christine Granville]]'', pp. xvii–xix.&lt;/ref&gt; 
{{Blockquote|One of the strongest impressions I gained from listening to the talk of Christine's friends was that she hated any form of oppression, not only for patriotic reasons, but because she translated her own craving for freedom of thought and action into every human sphere.  Anything that threatened her liberty or that of anyone else became a personal issue.&lt;ref name=searchxxii/&gt;}}
Labarin rayuwar Masson ya nuna kamanceceniya da na Skarbek, marubuciyar tarihin rayuwarta. Dukansu sun fito ne daga dangin ma'aikacin banki, suna da asalin [[Yahudawa]] kuma wani fitaccen mutum ne da ya yi fatara a cikin iyalin (mahaifin Skarbek; mijin Masson na farko), kuma ya yi aiki a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] tare da Resistance na Faransa - Skarbek, a ƙarƙashin tallafin SOE . Wannan ya haifar da tushen tausayin marubucin ga wanda take magana a kai. Masson ta nemi duk wanda ya san Skarbek kuma ta sami cikakken mai ba ta labari a Kowerski. Labarinta game da bayanan da ta samu daga gare shi yana da cikakken bayani har yana karantawa kamar rubutun tattaunawarsu. Tabbas, rashin daidaito lokaci-lokaci yana shigowa, kamar lokacin da aka gano marubucin kyakkyawan zane-zanen Skarbek a matsayin &quot;Pavli Kowska&quot; - a zahiri aikin mai fasaha ce ta ƙasar Poland Aniela Pawlikowska (1901-80).&lt;ref&gt;[[Clare Mulley]], ''The Spy Who Loved: The Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville, Britain's First Special Agent of World War II'',  p. 321.&lt;/ref&gt;  Amma ainihin daidaiton rubutun Masson an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar majiyoyin jingina. Bugu da ƙari, wani lokacin tana gabatar da bayanai da gaskiya waɗanda ba ta fahimta sosai ba, gami da wasu karin magana na Poland waɗanda Skarbek (ko Kowerski) suka fassara ta hanyar zana siffofi - a zahiri - zuwa Turanci.&lt;ref&gt;Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek:  Re-viewing Britain's Legendary Polish Agent&quot;, ''[[The Polish Review]]'', vol. XLIX, no. 3 (2004), p. 950.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Duba kuma ==

* [[Krystyna Skarbek]]
* Yaren mutanen Poland

== Bayanan kula ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Manazarta ==

* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article2456230.ece]  Labarin mutuwar Madeleine Masson a Timesonline, 15 ga Satumba, 2007.
* Madeleine Masson, ''Christine: Binciken [[Krystyna Skarbek|Christine Granville]], GM, OBE, Croix de Guerre, tare da Magana ta Francis Cammaerts, DSO, Légion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre, Medal na 'Yanci na Amurka'', London, Hamish Hamilton, 1975. (Virago ya sake bugawa.) 2005.
* Clare Mulley, ''Ɗan leƙen asiri Wanda Ya So: Sirrin da Rayuwar Christine Granville, Wakili na Musamman na Farko na Burtaniya na Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu'', London, Macmillan, 2012,  .
* Christopher Kasparek, &quot;Krystyna Skarbek: Sake Duba Wakilin Poland Mai Tarihi na Burtaniya&quot;, ''The Polish Review'', vol. XLIX, lamba 3 (2004), shafi na 1.&amp;nbsp;945–53.
{{Authority control}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]]
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Uju Onwudiwe</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>828395</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:30:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Halima Waziri</username>
        <id>29451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351549583|Uju Onwudiwe]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828395</origin>
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      <text bytes="2438" sha1="0u9c0m3u0cs2v6w5wybggvsb4svz6tk" xml:space="preserve"> 

'''Uju Onwudiwe''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Igolo Njaba''', dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma dan majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. Tana wakiltar mazabar jihar Njaba a Owerri, [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-06-06 |title=UJU ONWUDIWE: I never dreamt of going into politics |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/uju-onwudiwe-i-never-dreamt-of-going-into-politics/ |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ilimi ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi karatunta na farko a sakandare a Kwalejin Queen's, Enugu. Daga baya ta yi karatun Akanta a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] (ESUT), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (B.Sc.). Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Enugu Campus (UNEC). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Wix is a free website builder, meaning this is a self-published, user-generated blog or fan site. (April 2026)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma ƙwararriyar mai kuɗi, tare da ƙwarewa a ƙungiyoyi kamar Arab Contractors, Mefor Systems Inc., da Nnamdi Nwakwesi &amp; Co. 

Tun lokacin da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Imo ta 8, ta shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa, ciki har da daukar nauyin kudirori da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga kudirori. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsaron jama'a, yayin da take wakiltar mazabarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2017-01-17 |title=How I survived attacks from Biafrans over grazing bill — Imo Lawmaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/survived-attacks-biafrans-grazing-bill-imo-lawmaker/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa da kyaututtuka ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta sami karramawa daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma da cibiyoyi. Mata a Njaba sun karrama ta da laƙabin Igolo (&quot;haske mai haske&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Politics provides me platform for elaborate service to all – Onwudiwe |url=https://www.newsecho.com.ng/features/politics-provides-me-platform-for-elaborate-service-to-all-onwudiwe/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=News Echo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828396</id>
      <parentid>828395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:31:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Halima Waziri</username>
        <id>29451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Saka databox</comment>
      <origin>828396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2447" sha1="msoeys91zp4s5sy6awnxg6boqwpqfyl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Uju Onwudiwe''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Igolo Njaba''', dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma dan majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. Tana wakiltar mazabar jihar Njaba a Owerri, [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-06-06 |title=UJU ONWUDIWE: I never dreamt of going into politics |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/uju-onwudiwe-i-never-dreamt-of-going-into-politics/ |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ilimi ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi karatunta na farko a sakandare a Kwalejin Queen's, Enugu. Daga baya ta yi karatun Akanta a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] (ESUT), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (B.Sc.). Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Enugu Campus (UNEC). &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B; ''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Wix is a free website builder, meaning this is a self-published, user-generated blog or fan site. (April 2026)&quot;&gt;ana buƙatar ambato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' &amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

== Sana'a ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma ƙwararriyar mai kuɗi, tare da ƙwarewa a ƙungiyoyi kamar Arab Contractors, Mefor Systems Inc., da Nnamdi Nwakwesi &amp; Co. 

Tun lokacin da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Imo ta 8, ta shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa, ciki har da daukar nauyin kudirori da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga kudirori. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsaron jama'a, yayin da take wakiltar mazabarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2017-01-17 |title=How I survived attacks from Biafrans over grazing bill — Imo Lawmaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/survived-attacks-biafrans-grazing-bill-imo-lawmaker/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa da kyaututtuka ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta sami karramawa daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma da cibiyoyi. Mata a Njaba sun karrama ta da laƙabin Igolo (&quot;haske mai haske&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Politics provides me platform for elaborate service to all – Onwudiwe |url=https://www.newsecho.com.ng/features/politics-provides-me-platform-for-elaborate-service-to-all-onwudiwe/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=News Echo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>msoeys91zp4s5sy6awnxg6boqwpqfyl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828421</id>
      <parentid>828396</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:27:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828421</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2168" sha1="cg2vaix290po4at3uh17jjo4z1b3rek" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Uju Onwudiwe''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Igolo Njaba''', dan siyasar Najeriya ne kuma dan majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. Tana wakiltar mazabar jihar Njaba a Owerri, [[Imo|jihar Imo]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-06-06 |title=UJU ONWUDIWE: I never dreamt of going into politics |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/uju-onwudiwe-i-never-dreamt-of-going-into-politics/ |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ilimi ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi karatunta na farko a sakandare a Kwalejin Queen's, Enugu. Daga baya ta yi karatun Akanta a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] (ESUT), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (B.Sc.). Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Enugu Campus.

== Sana'a ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma ƙwararriyar mai kuɗi, tare da ƙwarewa a ƙungiyoyi kamar Arab Contractors, Mefor Systems Inc., da Nnamdi Nwakwesi &amp; Co. 

Tun lokacin da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Imo ta 8, ta shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa, ciki har da daukar nauyin kudirori da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga kudirori. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsaron jama'a, yayin da take wakiltar mazabarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2017-01-17 |title=How I survived attacks from Biafrans over grazing bill — Imo Lawmaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/survived-attacks-biafrans-grazing-bill-imo-lawmaker/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa da kyaututtuka ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta sami karramawa daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma da cibiyoyi. Mata a Njaba sun karrama ta da laƙabin Igolo (&quot;haske mai haske&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Politics provides me platform for elaborate service to all – Onwudiwe |url=https://www.newsecho.com.ng/features/politics-provides-me-platform-for-elaborate-service-to-all-onwudiwe/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=News Echo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>cg2vaix290po4at3uh17jjo4z1b3rek</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828422</id>
      <parentid>828421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:28:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2170" sha1="1pvf8ybccw3is5i17lp4kww023h6nzg" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Uju Onwudiwe''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Igolo Njaba''', 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. Tana wakiltar mazabar jihar Njaba a Owerri, [[Imo|Jihar Imo]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-06-06 |title=UJU ONWUDIWE: I never dreamt of going into politics |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/uju-onwudiwe-i-never-dreamt-of-going-into-politics/ |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ilimi ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi karatunta na farko a sakandare a Kwalejin Queen's, Enugu. Daga baya ta yi karatun Akanta a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] (ESUT), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (B.Sc.). Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Enugu Campus.

== Sana'a ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma ƙwararriyar mai kuɗi, tare da ƙwarewa a ƙungiyoyi kamar Arab Contractors, Mefor Systems Inc., da Nnamdi Nwakwesi &amp; Co. 

Tun lokacin da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Imo ta 8, ta shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa, ciki har da daukar nauyin kudirori da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga kudirori. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsaron jama'a, yayin da take wakiltar mazabarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2017-01-17 |title=How I survived attacks from Biafrans over grazing bill — Imo Lawmaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/survived-attacks-biafrans-grazing-bill-imo-lawmaker/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa da kyaututtuka ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta sami karramawa daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma da cibiyoyi. Mata a Njaba sun karrama ta da laƙabin Igolo (&quot;haske mai haske&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Politics provides me platform for elaborate service to all – Onwudiwe |url=https://www.newsecho.com.ng/features/politics-provides-me-platform-for-elaborate-service-to-all-onwudiwe/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=News Echo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>1pvf8ybccw3is5i17lp4kww023h6nzg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828423</id>
      <parentid>828422</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:31:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Tarihin ilimi */</comment>
      <origin>828423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2168" sha1="c3ahz6lklo4qgqo5261o6s1r6vwdrqe" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Uju Onwudiwe''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Igolo Njaba''', 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. Tana wakiltar mazabar jihar Njaba a Owerri, [[Imo|Jihar Imo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-06-06 |title=UJU ONWUDIWE: I never dreamt of going into politics |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/uju-onwudiwe-i-never-dreamt-of-going-into-politics/ |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ilimi ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi karatunta na farko a sakandare a Kwalejin Queen's, Enugu. Daga baya ta yi karatun Akanta a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] (ESUT), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (B.Sc.). Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Enugu Campus.

== Sana'a ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma ƙwararriyar mai kuɗi, tare da ƙwarewa a ƙungiyoyi kamar Arab Contractors, Mefor Systems Inc., da Nnamdi Nwakwesi &amp; Co. 

Tun lokacin da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Imo ta 8, ta shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa, ciki har da daukar nauyin kudirori da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga kudirori. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsaron jama'a, yayin da take wakiltar mazabarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2017-01-17 |title=How I survived attacks from Biafrans over grazing bill — Imo Lawmaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/survived-attacks-biafrans-grazing-bill-imo-lawmaker/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa da kyaututtuka ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta sami karramawa daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma da cibiyoyi. Mata a Njaba sun karrama ta da laƙabin Igolo (&quot;haske mai haske&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Politics provides me platform for elaborate service to all – Onwudiwe |url=https://www.newsecho.com.ng/features/politics-provides-me-platform-for-elaborate-service-to-all-onwudiwe/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=News Echo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>c3ahz6lklo4qgqo5261o6s1r6vwdrqe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828424</id>
      <parentid>828423</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:32:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Tarihin ilimi */ patrolled✅</comment>
      <origin>828424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2169" sha1="pl6yi6gljkoeche8h72mgfs3uf085o9" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Uju Onwudiwe''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Igolo Njaba''', 'yar siyasar Najeriya ce kuma 'yar majalisar dokokin jihar Imo. Tana wakiltar mazabar jihar Njaba a Owerri, [[Imo|Jihar Imo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nation |first=The |date=2021-06-06 |title=UJU ONWUDIWE: I never dreamt of going into politics |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/uju-onwudiwe-i-never-dreamt-of-going-into-politics/ |access-date=2026-04-12 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihin ilimi ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi karatunta na farko a sakandare a Kwalejin Queen's, Enugu. Daga baya ta yi karatun Akanta a [[Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Enugu]] (ESUT), inda ta sami digiri na farko a fannin Kimiyya (B.Sc.). Ta kuma sami digiri na biyu a fannin Gudanar da Kasuwanci (MBA) daga [[Jami'ar Najeriya, Nsukka|Jami'ar Najeriya]], Enugu Campus.

== Sana'a ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta yi aiki a matsayin mai gudanarwa kuma ƙwararriyar mai kuɗi, tare da ƙwarewa a ƙungiyoyi kamar Arab Contractors, Mefor Systems Inc., da Nnamdi Nwakwesi &amp; Co. 

Tun lokacin da ta hau kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Imo ta 8, ta shiga cikin ayyukan majalisa, ciki har da daukar nauyin kudirori da kuma bayar da gudummawa ga kudirori. Aikinta ya mayar da hankali kan fannoni kamar rage talauci, ci gaban tattalin arziki, da tsaron jama'a, yayin da take wakiltar mazabarta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Okogba |first=Emmanuel |date=2017-01-17 |title=How I survived attacks from Biafrans over grazing bill — Imo Lawmaker |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/survived-attacks-biafrans-grazing-bill-imo-lawmaker/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Girmamawa da kyaututtuka ==
Uju Onwudiwe ta sami karramawa daga ƙungiyoyin al'umma da cibiyoyi. Mata a Njaba sun karrama ta da laƙabin Igolo (&quot;haske mai haske&quot;). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-03-15 |title=Politics provides me platform for elaborate service to all – Onwudiwe |url=https://www.newsecho.com.ng/features/politics-provides-me-platform-for-elaborate-service-to-all-onwudiwe/ |access-date=2026-04-13 |website=News Echo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]</text>
      <sha1>pl6yi6gljkoeche8h72mgfs3uf085o9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noimot Salako-Oyedele</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148831</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828400</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:43:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Halima Waziri</username>
        <id>29451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345206075|Noimot Salako-Oyedele]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828400</origin>
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      <text bytes="3017" sha1="g2vpeuzln4zu5wxpz55bwsxa4zofqly" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] . 

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a karamar hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] .

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>g2vpeuzln4zu5wxpz55bwsxa4zofqly</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828401</id>
      <parentid>828400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T16:43:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Halima Waziri</username>
        <id>29451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Saka databox</comment>
      <origin>828401</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3024" sha1="l7zsubzimlarag9kiqztduto9xcclzi" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] .

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a karamar hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] .

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>l7zsubzimlarag9kiqztduto9xcclzi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828415</id>
      <parentid>828401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:21:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
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      <origin>828415</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3023" sha1="gphlocrki9ejx5srkjq6wx7sj5d5u0z" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] .

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a karamar hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] .

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>gphlocrki9ejx5srkjq6wx7sj5d5u0z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828416</id>
      <parentid>828415</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:22:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828416</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3534" sha1="4a92p9so56yc4atjcon5hwo31nf4ewc" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 January 2020 |title=Ogun deputy gov and Ota |url=https://punchng.com/ogun-deputy-gov-and-ota/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adunola |first=Shakirah |date=8 February 2022 |title=Salako-Oyedele enjoins Muslims to participate in politics |url=https://guardian.ng/news/salako-oyedele-enjoins-muslims-to-participate-in-politics/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a karamar hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]] .

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>4a92p9so56yc4atjcon5hwo31nf4ewc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828417</id>
      <parentid>828416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:23:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>828417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3532" sha1="8o1cnri99np5863x1k22qrydncbylyz" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 January 2020 |title=Ogun deputy gov and Ota |url=https://punchng.com/ogun-deputy-gov-and-ota/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adunola |first=Shakirah |date=8 February 2022 |title=Salako-Oyedele enjoins Muslims to participate in politics |url=https://guardian.ng/news/salako-oyedele-enjoins-muslims-to-participate-in-politics/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a Karamar Hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]].

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]] . 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>8o1cnri99np5863x1k22qrydncbylyz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828418</id>
      <parentid>828417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:24:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Ilimi */</comment>
      <origin>828418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3530" sha1="33s3aflf5phd4i9dh7cqx7m3igojyhw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 January 2020 |title=Ogun deputy gov and Ota |url=https://punchng.com/ogun-deputy-gov-and-ota/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adunola |first=Shakirah |date=8 February 2022 |title=Salako-Oyedele enjoins Muslims to participate in politics |url=https://guardian.ng/news/salako-oyedele-enjoins-muslims-to-participate-in-politics/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a Karamar Hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]].

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>33s3aflf5phd4i9dh7cqx7m3igojyhw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828419</id>
      <parentid>828418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:25:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Siyasa */</comment>
      <origin>828419</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3527" sha1="sdaldivfw4qemimpqzoj7u89vpsohzo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai kula da gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 January 2020 |title=Ogun deputy gov and Ota |url=https://punchng.com/ogun-deputy-gov-and-ota/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adunola |first=Shakirah |date=8 February 2022 |title=Salako-Oyedele enjoins Muslims to participate in politics |url=https://guardian.ng/news/salako-oyedele-enjoins-muslims-to-participate-in-politics/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a Karamar Hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]].

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>sdaldivfw4qemimpqzoj7u89vpsohzo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828420</id>
      <parentid>828419</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:26:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Uncle Bash007</username>
        <id>9891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>patrolled✅</comment>
      <origin>828420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3526" sha1="81kxblvwkoay5l95qxtv4j7rrjw48sd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Noimot Salako-Oyedele''' (an haife ta a ranar 8 ga Janairu 1966) ƴar siyasa ce ta Najeriya, injiniyan lafiyar jama'a kuma ƙwararriyar mai harkar gidaje, wacce ta yi aiki a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun tun daga shekarar 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deputy Governor |url=http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612204827/http://ogunstate.gov.ng/deputy-governor/ |archive-date=12 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Ogun State Government Official Website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 January 2020 |title=Ogun deputy gov and Ota |url=https://punchng.com/ogun-deputy-gov-and-ota/ |access-date=11 March 2022 |newspaper=[[The Punch]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ta fito a matsayin mataimakiyar gwamna bayan ta lashe zaɓen gwamnan jihar Ogun na 2019 tare da [[Dapo Abiodun]], a ƙarƙashin jagorancin [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adunola |first=Shakirah |date=8 February 2022 |title=Salako-Oyedele enjoins Muslims to participate in politics |url=https://guardian.ng/news/salako-oyedele-enjoins-muslims-to-participate-in-politics/ |access-date=29 August 2024 |location=Lagos, Nigeria |newspaper=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rayuwar farko ==
An haifi Noimot Salako a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1966 ga iyalan marigayi Farfesa [[Lateef Akinola Salako]] da Mrs Rahmat Adebisi Salako. Ta fito daga Aworiland, Ota, a Karamar Hukumar [[Ado-Odo/Ota]] ta Jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wunmi |first=Sonaike |date=30 November 2018 |title=Biography: Engr. (Mrs.) Noimot SALAKO-OYEDELE |url=https://sonaikeblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/30/biography-engr-mrs-noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Sonaike Wunmi's Blog}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahaifinta malamin jami'a ne na Najeriya wanda farfesa ne a fannin [[Ilimin Magunguna|magunguna]] da kuma maganin gargajiya a [[Jami'ar Ibadan]].

== Ilimi ==
Salako-Oyedele yana da digiri na biyu a fannin Injiniyan Lafiyar Jama'a daga Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Imperial da ke Landan, Birtaniya, da kuma digiri na farko a fannin Injiniyan Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Lagos|Jami'ar Legas]]. 

== Sana'a ==
Salako-Oyedele ta fara aikinta a Burtaniya, inda ta yi aiki a matsayin Injiniyan Digiri na biyu da Manajan Ayyuka a Ove Arup &amp; Partners tsakanin 1989 da 1995. Injiniya Salako-Oyedele ta kuma yi aiki a matsayin manajan darakta, NOS Nigeria Limited tsakanin 1995 da 2014. Ta zama manajan darakta/babban jami'in gudanarwa tsakanin 2014 da 2015 a Glenwood Property Development Company Limited inda ta yi aiki a matsayin babban manajan ci gaban kasuwanci. Ta zama mukaddashin darakta, Grenadines Homes Limited a 2015, mukamin da ta rike har sai da ta shiga siyasa mai ra'ayin rikau sannan ta zama mataimakiyar gwamnan jihar Ogun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Titi Omo-Ettu |url=https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626091333/https://titiomoettu.com.ng/blog/profile-of-a-deputy-governor-to-be/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=titiomoettu.com.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Siyasa ==
A watan Maris na 2019, mutanen Jihar Ogun suka zaɓe ta don ta zama mataimakiyar gwamna ga Mai Martaba, Yarima Dapo Abiodun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Noimot Salako-Oyedele Archives |url=https://www.thepledge.ng/tag/noimot-salako-oyedele/ |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=The Pledge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]]
[[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]]</text>
      <sha1>81kxblvwkoay5l95qxtv4j7rrjw48sd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fata Malgas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148832</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828409</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:05:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Halima Waziri</username>
        <id>29451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352001236|Hope Malgas]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828409</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4216" sha1="qnmtwsbj21e54w5twyvr2m7goa5elpb" xml:space="preserve">'''Hope Helene Malgas''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta kasance tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa kuma mamba a jam'iyyar siyasa ta [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|African National Congress]] (ANC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South |title=Hope Helene Malgas |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/hope-helene-malgas/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

== Sana'a ==
Malgas malamar makaranta ce kafin ta zama 'yar majalisa (Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu), ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Fayiloli kan [[Mace|Mata]], Yara, Matasa da nakasassu. Ta kuma kasance shugabar Kwamitin Fayiloli kan Ilimi na Asali da Ci gaban Jama'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Carla |date=2011-06-13 |title=Portfolio Committee on Basic Education encouraged to continue holding DBE accountable |url=https://equaleducation.org.za/portfolio-committee-on-basic-education-encouraged-to-continue-holding-dbe-accountable/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Equal Education |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malgas ta kasance 'yar majalisa daga Mayu [[2014]] zuwa Mayu [[2019]] har zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu (ANC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South |title=Hope Helene Malgas |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/hope-helene-malgas/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAfrica&quot;&gt;Africa, Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South. [http://www.pa.org.za/person/hope-helene-malgas/ &quot;Hope Helene Malgas&quot;]. ''People's Assembly''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;first=&lt;/code&gt; has generic name ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic name|help]])&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic name]]
[[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]&lt;/ref&gt;

An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka wajen kula da manufofin ilimi, ciki har da tallafawa shirye-shiryen da ake yi na sanya [[Harshe (yare)|harsunan]] Afirka su zama dole a makarantu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-10-22 |title=African languages to be compulsory for all pupils |url=https://www.ru.ac.za/classics/latestnews/african_languages_to_be_compulsory_for_all_pupils.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ru.ac.za |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ATC110902: Report on In-loco site visit to Hazeldene Primary School, Mitchell’s Plain {{!}} PMG |url=https://pmg.org.za/tabled-committee-report/1837/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=pmg.org.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta mayar da hankali kan inganta ingancin ilimi, sa ido kan ci gaban malamai da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen jarrabawar kammala karatun digiri.

Sau da yawa tana hulɗa da sassan ilimi na larduna don magance matsalolin da ke shafar matasa da ɗalibai gabaɗaya, kamar talaucin abinci da ƙarancin kayayyakin more rayuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farm school dropout rate concerns committee {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/farm-school-dropout-rate-concerns-committee-07-aug-2013 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament on schools readiness in Eastern Cape {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/parliament-schools-readiness-eastern-cape-29-jan-2014 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>qnmtwsbj21e54w5twyvr2m7goa5elpb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828410</id>
      <parentid>828409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T17:06:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Halima Waziri</username>
        <id>29451</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Saka databox</comment>
      <origin>828410</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4229" sha1="ip4274vgxq7hhbs51v8ary3donw99uw" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Hope Helene Malgas''' 'yar siyasa ce ta Afirka ta Kudu wacce ta kasance tsohuwar 'yar majalisar dokoki ta ƙasa kuma mamba a jam'iyyar siyasa ta [[Majalisar Tarayya ta Afirka|African National Congress]] (ANC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South |title=Hope Helene Malgas |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/hope-helene-malgas/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

== Sana'a ==
Malgas malamar makaranta ce kafin ta zama 'yar majalisa (Majalisar Dokokin Ƙasa ta Afirka ta Kudu), ta yi aiki a Kwamitin Fayiloli kan [[Mace|Mata]], Yara, Matasa da nakasassu. Ta kuma kasance shugabar Kwamitin Fayiloli kan Ilimi na Asali da Ci gaban Jama'a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Carla |date=2011-06-13 |title=Portfolio Committee on Basic Education encouraged to continue holding DBE accountable |url=https://equaleducation.org.za/portfolio-committee-on-basic-education-encouraged-to-continue-holding-dbe-accountable/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Equal Education |language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malgas ta kasance 'yar majalisa daga Mayu [[2014]] zuwa Mayu [[2019]] har zuwa Majalisar Dokokin Afirka ta Kudu (ANC). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South |title=Hope Helene Malgas |url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/hope-helene-malgas/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=People's Assembly |language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAfrica&quot;&gt;Africa, Contact us People's Assembly Tel:465 8885 Fax:465 8887 2nd Floor 9 Church Square Parliament Street Cape Town 8001 South. [http://www.pa.org.za/person/hope-helene-malgas/ &quot;Hope Helene Malgas&quot;]. ''People's Assembly''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2026-04-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Samfuri:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;first=&lt;/code&gt; has generic name ([[Help:CS1 errors#generic name|help]])&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: generic name]]
[[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]&lt;/ref&gt;

An fi saninta da rawar da ta taka wajen kula da manufofin ilimi, ciki har da tallafawa shirye-shiryen da ake yi na sanya [[Harshe (yare)|harsunan]] Afirka su zama dole a makarantu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-10-22 |title=African languages to be compulsory for all pupils |url=https://www.ru.ac.za/classics/latestnews/african_languages_to_be_compulsory_for_all_pupils.html |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.ru.ac.za |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ATC110902: Report on In-loco site visit to Hazeldene Primary School, Mitchell’s Plain {{!}} PMG |url=https://pmg.org.za/tabled-committee-report/1837/ |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=pmg.org.za |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ta mayar da hankali kan inganta ingancin ilimi, sa ido kan ci gaban malamai da kuma tabbatar da ingantaccen jarrabawar kammala karatun digiri.

Sau da yawa tana hulɗa da sassan ilimi na larduna don magance matsalolin da ke shafar matasa da ɗalibai gabaɗaya, kamar talaucin abinci da ƙarancin kayayyakin more rayuwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Farm school dropout rate concerns committee {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/farm-school-dropout-rate-concerns-committee-07-aug-2013 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Parliament on schools readiness in Eastern Cape {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-statements/parliament-schools-readiness-eastern-cape-29-jan-2014 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=www.gov.za}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Galatasaray</title>
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      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Galatasaray]] to [[Galatasaray S.K.]]</comment>
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    <title>Fenerbahçe</title>
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      <comment>Uncle Bash007 moved page [[Fenerbahçe]] to [[Fenerbahçe S.K.]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Ɗan ƙwallo</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349073389|Football player]]&quot;</comment>
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''''''dan wasan [[Ƙwallo|kwallon kafa]]'''''' ko ɗan wasan ƙwallaye ɗan wasa ne wanda ke buga ɗayan nau'ikan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa daban-daban. Babban nau'ikan kwallon kafa sune kwallon kafa, [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]], Kwallon ƙafa na Kanada, kwallon kafa ka na Australiya, kwallon kafa ya Gaelic, Rugby League, da Ƙungiyar rugby.

An kiyasta cewa akwai 'yan wasan kwallon kafa miliyan 250 a duniya,  kuma da yawa suna wasa da wasu nau'ikan kwallon kafa.

== Ayyuka ==
Jean-Pierre Papin ya bayyana kwallon kafa a matsayin &quot;harshe na duniya&quot;. 'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duk faɗin duniya kuma a kusan kowane matakin na iya jan hankalin jama'a masu yawa a kai a kai, kuma' yan wasan sune wuraren da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru na zamantakewa kamar al'adun ƙwallon kafa.

'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yawanci suna farawa a matsayin masu son kuma' yan wasan mafi kyau suna ci gaba don zama' yan wasan ƙwararru. Yawancin lokaci suna farawa a ƙungiyar matasa (kowace ƙungiyar gida) kuma daga can, bisa ga ƙwarewa da baiwa, masu kallo suna ba da kwangila. Da zarar an sanya hannu, wasu suna koyon yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi kyau kuma wasu suna ci gaba zuwa manyan ko ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a.

=== Biya ===
Biyan kuɗi a wasu manyan rukunin maza ya fi girma fiye da sauran ayyukan. 'Yan wasa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] suna samun matsakaicin dala miliyan 3 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Premier League Salary - How Much Do Premier League Footballers Make? |url=https://www.888sport.com/blog/football/premier-league/premier-league-footballer-salary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119092528/https://www.888sport.com/blog/football/premier-league/premier-league-footballer-salary |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=888 Sport Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kungiyoyi masu arziki a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai, maza suna samun matsakaicin dala miliyan 7.19 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EPL footballer wages England 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/547090/average-annual-first-team-player-salary-in-football-clubs-english-premier-league-uk/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Statista |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yan wasan da suka fi dacewa a waɗannan kungiyoyin zasu iya samun dala miliyan 260 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Birnbaum |first=Justin |date=2023-10-13 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Soccer Players 2023 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/justinbirnbaum/2023/10/13/the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-players-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, ƙananan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na maza ne kawai ake biyan su a wannan matakin. Albashi na iya zama dan kadan a wasu ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi. Misali, matsakaicin albashi na shekara-shekara ga 'yan wasan kwallon kafa a Major League Soccer (MLS) shine $ 530,262 a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tenorio |first=Paul |last2=Bogert |first2=Tom |last3=Rueter |first3=Jeff |date=2023-05-16 |title=MLS releases annual list of player salaries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4522808/2023/05/16/mls-player-salary-averages/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan ritaya ===
'Yan tsiraru na' yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da suka yi ritaya suna ci gaba da aiki na cikakken lokaci a ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa, misali a matsayin manajojin ƙwallon kafa. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 1979 ya ba da rahoton cewa tsoffin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na farko sun kasance masu wakilci a matsayin manyan jami'ai a kamfanonin su kuma suna da karfin samun kudin shiga fiye da' yan wasa na biyu da kuma ajiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sack |first=Allen L. |last2=Thiel |first2=Robert |date=January 1979 |title=College football and social mobility: a case study of Notre Dame football players |journal=[[Sociology of Education (journal)|Sociology of Education]] |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=60–66 |doi=10.2307/2112594 |jstor=2112594}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, wasu suna fuskantar matsalolin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun, duba ƙasa.</text>
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'''''Ɗan wasan [[Ƙwallo|kwallon kafa]]'''''' ko ɗan wasan ƙwallaye ɗan wasa ne wanda ke buga ɗayan nau'ikan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa daban-daban. Babban nau'ikan kwallon kafa sune kwallon kafa, [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]], Kwallon ƙafa na Kanada, kwallon kafa ka na Australiya, kwallon kafa ya Gaelic, Rugby League, da Ƙungiyar rugby.

An kiyasta cewa akwai 'yan wasan kwallon kafa miliyan 250 a duniya,  kuma da yawa suna wasa da wasu nau'ikan kwallon kafa.

== Ayyuka ==
Jean-Pierre Papin ya bayyana kwallon kafa a matsayin &quot;harshe na duniya&quot;. 'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duk faɗin duniya kuma a kusan kowane matakin na iya jan hankalin jama'a masu yawa a kai a kai, kuma' yan wasan sune wuraren da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru na zamantakewa kamar al'adun ƙwallon kafa.

'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yawanci suna farawa a matsayin masu son kuma' yan wasan mafi kyau suna ci gaba don zama' yan wasan ƙwararru. Yawancin lokaci suna farawa a ƙungiyar matasa (kowace ƙungiyar gida) kuma daga can, bisa ga ƙwarewa da baiwa, masu kallo suna ba da kwangila. Da zarar an sanya hannu, wasu suna koyon yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi kyau kuma wasu suna ci gaba zuwa manyan ko ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a.

=== Biya ===
Biyan kuɗi a wasu manyan rukunin maza ya fi girma fiye da sauran ayyukan. 'Yan wasa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] suna samun matsakaicin dala miliyan 3 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Premier League Salary - How Much Do Premier League Footballers Make? |url=https://www.888sport.com/blog/football/premier-league/premier-league-footballer-salary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119092528/https://www.888sport.com/blog/football/premier-league/premier-league-footballer-salary |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=888 Sport Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kungiyoyi masu arziki a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai, maza suna samun matsakaicin dala miliyan 7.19 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EPL footballer wages England 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/547090/average-annual-first-team-player-salary-in-football-clubs-english-premier-league-uk/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Statista |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yan wasan da suka fi dacewa a waɗannan kungiyoyin zasu iya samun dala miliyan 260 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Birnbaum |first=Justin |date=2023-10-13 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Soccer Players 2023 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/justinbirnbaum/2023/10/13/the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-players-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, ƙananan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na maza ne kawai ake biyan su a wannan matakin. Albashi na iya zama dan kadan a wasu ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi. Misali, matsakaicin albashi na shekara-shekara ga 'yan wasan kwallon kafa a Major League Soccer (MLS) shine $ 530,262 a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tenorio |first=Paul |last2=Bogert |first2=Tom |last3=Rueter |first3=Jeff |date=2023-05-16 |title=MLS releases annual list of player salaries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4522808/2023/05/16/mls-player-salary-averages/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan ritaya ===
'Yan tsiraru na' yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da suka yi ritaya suna ci gaba da aiki na cikakken lokaci a ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa, misali a matsayin manajojin ƙwallon kafa. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 1979 ya ba da rahoton cewa tsoffin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na farko sun kasance masu wakilci a matsayin manyan jami'ai a kamfanonin su kuma suna da karfin samun kudin shiga fiye da' yan wasa na biyu da kuma ajiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sack |first=Allen L. |last2=Thiel |first2=Robert |date=January 1979 |title=College football and social mobility: a case study of Notre Dame football players |journal=[[Sociology of Education (journal)|Sociology of Education]] |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=60–66 |doi=10.2307/2112594 |jstor=2112594}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, wasu suna fuskantar matsalolin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun, duba ƙasa.</text>
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'''''Ɗan wasan [[Ƙwallo|kwallon kafa]]'''''' ko ɗan wasan ƙwallaye ɗan wasa ne wanda ke buga ɗayan nau'ikan ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa daban-daban. Babban nau'ikan kwallon kafa sune kwallon kafa, [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]], Kwallon ƙafa na Kanada, kwallon kafa ka na Australiya, kwallon kafa ya Gaelic, Rugby League, da Ƙungiyar rugby.

An kiyasta cewa akwai 'yan wasan kwallon kafa miliyan 250 a duniya,  kuma da yawa suna wasa da wasu nau'ikan kwallon kafa.

== Ayyuka ==
Jean-Pierre Papin ya bayyana kwallon kafa a matsayin &quot;harshe na duniya&quot;. 'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a duk faɗin duniya kuma a kusan kowane matakin na iya jan hankalin jama'a masu yawa a kai a kai, kuma' yan wasan sune wuraren da ke da alaƙa da abubuwan da suka faru na zamantakewa kamar al'adun ƙwallon kafa.

'Yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa yawanci suna farawa a matsayin masu son kuma' yan wasan mafi kyau suna ci gaba don zama' yan wasan ƙwararru. Yawancin lokaci suna farawa a ƙungiyar matasa (kowace ƙungiyar gida) kuma daga can, bisa ga ƙwarewa da baiwa, masu kallo suna ba da kwangila. Da zarar an sanya hannu, wasu suna koyon yin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mafi kyau kuma wasu suna ci gaba zuwa manyan ko ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a.

=== Biya ===
Biyan kuɗi a wasu manyan rukunin maza ya fi girma fiye da sauran ayyukan. 'Yan wasa a [[Premier League|Gasar Firimiya]] suna samun matsakaicin dala miliyan 3 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Premier League Salary - How Much Do Premier League Footballers Make? |url=https://www.888sport.com/blog/football/premier-league/premier-league-footballer-salary |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119092528/https://www.888sport.com/blog/football/premier-league/premier-league-footballer-salary |archive-date=19 November 2023 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=888 Sport Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin kungiyoyi masu arziki a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai, maza suna samun matsakaicin dala miliyan 7.19 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EPL footballer wages England 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/547090/average-annual-first-team-player-salary-in-football-clubs-english-premier-league-uk/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Statista |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 'Yan wasan da suka fi dacewa a waɗannan kungiyoyin zasu iya samun dala miliyan 260 a kowace shekara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Birnbaum |first=Justin |date=2023-10-13 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Soccer Players 2023 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/justinbirnbaum/2023/10/13/the-worlds-highest-paid-soccer-players-2023/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=Forbes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, ƙananan 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na maza ne kawai ake biyan su a wannan matakin. Albashi na iya zama dan kadan a wasu ƙungiyoyi da ƙungiyoyi. Misali, matsakaicin albashi na shekara-shekara ga 'yan wasan kwallon kafa a Major League Soccer (MLS) shine $ 530,262 a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tenorio |first=Paul |last2=Bogert |first2=Tom |last3=Rueter |first3=Jeff |date=2023-05-16 |title=MLS releases annual list of player salaries |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/4522808/2023/05/16/mls-player-salary-averages/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bayan ritaya ===
'Yan tsiraru na' yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da suka yi ritaya suna ci gaba da aiki na cikakken lokaci a ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙasa, misali a matsayin manajojin ƙwallon kafa. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 1979 ya ba da rahoton cewa tsoffin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na farko sun kasance masu wakilci a matsayin manyan jami'ai a kamfanonin su kuma suna da karfin samun kudin shiga fiye da' yan wasa na biyu da kuma ajiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sack |first=Allen L. |last2=Thiel |first2=Robert |date=January 1979 |title=College football and social mobility: a case study of Notre Dame football players |journal=[[Sociology of Education (journal)|Sociology of Education]] |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=60–66 |doi=10.2307/2112594 |jstor=2112594}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, wasu suna fuskantar matsalolin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun, duba ƙasa.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Barnet FC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351836835|Barnet F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barnet''' (/ˈbɑːrnɪt/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a London Borough of Harrow, Arewa maso Yammacin London . Kungiyar a halin yanzu tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League Two, matakin na huɗu na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]].

An kafa kulob din ne a Chipping Barnet a cikin 1888. Daga 1907 har zuwa 2013 sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Underhill, sannan suka koma sabon Filin wasa na Hive, wanda ake kira da sunan laƙabi na kulob din na &quot;The Bees&quot;. 

Barnet ya zama memba na kafa kungiyar North London League a shekara ta 1892 kuma ya sami nasara a matakin gida kafin ya daina wanzuwa a shekara ta 1902. Sauran kungiyoyi biyu, Barnet Avenue da Alston Works, sun haɗu kuma sun shiga ƙungiyar Athenian a matsayin Barnet da Alston a cikin 1912, sun zama kawai Barnet FC bayan shekaru bakwai. Barnet ya shafe shekaru 53 a cikin Kungiyar Athenian, inda ya lashe lambobin league guda bakwai da kuma FA Amateur Cup guda ɗaya, kafin ya juya dan wasa yayin da suka shiga Kudancin Kudancin a shekarar 1965. Sun lashe gasar zakarun Division One a shekarar 1965-66, sun ci gaba da lashe kofin Kudancin a shekarar 1972 da kuma gasar Division One South a shekarar 1976-77. Barnet ya zama memba na kafa Alliance Premier League a 1979 kuma da farko ya yi gwagwarmaya, kodayake ya gama a matsayin masu cin gaba bayan an sake sunan league a Taron a 1986-87.

== Tarihi ==
''Don cikakken jerin lokutan, duba Jerin lokutan Barnet FC''
[[Fayil:Barnet_League_Performances.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Ayyukan Barnet League]]

=== Shekaru na farko (1888-1901) ===
An kafa Barnet FC a cikin 1888, bayan da aka fi sani da New Barnet FC (1885-88) da Woodville FC (1882-85). Asalin kulob din ya fito ne daga tsoffin malaman Kwalejin Cowley da Lyonsdown Collegiate School. An san su da &quot;The Hillmen&quot; kuma sun buga a New Barnet kafin su koma Ravenscroft Park a Queens Road a 1889. Da farko sun buga wasannin sada zumunci kafin su zama mambobin farko na Kungiyar Arewacin London a 1892-93. Sun ci gaba da samun nasara a Arewacin Middlesex League Division II (1894-95 masu tseren gaba), Division I (1895-96 masu tseren biyu) da kuma Premier Division (1896-97 zakarun). An inganta shi zuwa London League Division II, Barnet ya zama zakara a 1897-98 kuma ya shafe lokutan da suka biyo baya a London League Division I kafin ya daina wanzuwa a kakar 1901-02.&lt;ref name=&quot;bfc_history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Barnet Football Club History of Barnet FC |url=http://www.barnetfc.com/club/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030111514/http://www.barnetfc.com/club/history/ |archive-date=30 October 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |publisher=barnetfc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Barnet Avenue da Barnet Alston (1901-1919) ===
Kungiyoyi biyu na cikin gida, Barnet Avenue FC (wanda aka kafa 1890) da Alston Works AFC (wanda aka tsara 1901) sun ci gaba da jan hankalin tallafi. Barnet Avenue sun sake ba da kansu suna Barnet FC a cikin 1904 kuma a matsayin masu bi a cikin wasan amateur sun guje wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta London don goyon bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa mai son, wanda suka shiga a cikin 1907 bayan sun lashe Chiswick League. Avenue ta buga wasanninsu na gida da farko a Hadley Green kafin ta koma Queens Road.

=== Shekaru na Ƙungiyar Athens (1912-1965) ===
Fiye da shekaru 50 Barnet FC ta fafata a gasar Athenian League . Sun kasance mambobi ne na farko a 1912-13 sun kasance zakarun league ba kasa da sau bakwai tsakanin 1919 da 1965 kafin su zama cikakkun ƙwararru a 1965.

A cikin shekarun 1920 Barnet ya karfafa matsayinsu na mai son a cikin Ƙungiyar Athens a karkashin sakataren kungiyar Tom Goss . Ya shirya wa kananan 'yan wasa daga [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] su buga wa kulob din wasa ciki har da Taffy O'Callaghan, Willie Evans da Bill Whatley, dukansu sun zama na kasa da kasa, tsakanin su suna samun 17 Welsh caps.

=== Wasan kwallon kafa na biyu (2005-2013) ===
[[Fayil:BarnetGillingham.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Barnet (a cikin riguna masu laushi) yana wasa zuwa Gillingham a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012. Manajan wasan Edgar Davids yana kalubalantar dan wasan Gillingham a kwallon.]]
Shekarar 2005-06 ta fara ne tare da Barnet da ke jagorantar League Two bayan wasanni hudu, amma wannan nau'in bai ci gaba ba kuma kulob din ya gama kakar wasa biyar da maki 5 sama da yankin sakewa, duk da haka maki 12 ne kawai daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da nasara 1 kawai a wasanni 12 na farko na 2006. A gasar cin Kofin League, Bees sun yi nasara sosai a wasan da suka yi da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005. Magoya bayan 5,000 sun yi tafiya zuwa Old Trafford don ganin Barnet ya rasa 4-1, mai tsaron gidan Ross Flitney an kore shi a minti na biyu. Shekarar 2006-07 ta fara da kyau ga Barnet, amma wani taron tsakiyar kakar ya gan su kammala kakar a matsayi na 14. Kyakkyawan gudu a gasar cin Kofin FA ya kuma ga sun kai zagaye na huɗu na wannan gasa a karo na farko a tarihin su, sun doke kungiyar Championship Colchester United 2-1 a zagaye na uku da Northampton Town 4-1 a zagaye ya biyu kafin su rasa 2-0 ga Plymouth Argyle a gida. 2007-08 ya ga wani tsakiya na tsakiyar tebur ga Barnet; 12th tare da maki 60, da kuma gudu na biyu zuwa zagaye na huɗu na Kofin FA, inda suka rasa 1-0 ga Bristol Rovers, tare da Jason Puncheon ya rasa fanati ga Bees.</text>
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'''Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barnet''' (/ˈbɑːrnɪt/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a London Borough of Harrow, Arewa maso Yammacin London . Kungiyar a halin yanzu tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League Two, matakin na huɗu na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]].

An kafa kulob din ne a Chipping Barnet a cikin 1888. Daga 1907 har zuwa 2013 sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Underhill, sannan suka koma sabon Filin wasa na Hive, wanda ake kira da sunan laƙabi na kulob din na &quot;The Bees&quot;. 

Barnet ya zama memba na kafa kungiyar North London League a shekara ta 1892 kuma ya sami nasara a matakin gida kafin ya daina wanzuwa a shekara ta 1902. Sauran kungiyoyi biyu, Barnet Avenue da Alston Works, sun haɗu kuma sun shiga ƙungiyar Athenian a matsayin Barnet da Alston a cikin 1912, sun zama kawai Barnet FC bayan shekaru bakwai. Barnet ya shafe shekaru 53 a cikin Kungiyar Athenian, inda ya lashe lambobin league guda bakwai da kuma FA Amateur Cup guda ɗaya, kafin ya juya dan wasa yayin da suka shiga Kudancin Kudancin a shekarar 1965. Sun lashe gasar zakarun Division One a shekarar 1965-66, sun ci gaba da lashe kofin Kudancin a shekarar 1972 da kuma gasar Division One South a shekarar 1976-77. Barnet ya zama memba na kafa Alliance Premier League a 1979 kuma da farko ya yi gwagwarmaya, kodayake ya gama a matsayin masu cin gaba bayan an sake sunan league a Taron a 1986-87.

== Tarihi ==
''Don cikakken jerin lokutan, duba Jerin lokutan Barnet FC''
[[Fayil:Barnet_League_Performances.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Ayyukan Barnet League]]

=== Shekaru na farko (1888-1901) ===
An kafa Barnet FC a cikin 1888, bayan da aka fi sani da New Barnet FC (1885-88) da Woodville FC (1882-85). Asalin kulob din ya fito ne daga tsoffin malaman Kwalejin Cowley da Lyonsdown Collegiate School. An san su da &quot;The Hillmen&quot; kuma sun buga a New Barnet kafin su koma Ravenscroft Park a Queens Road a 1889. Da farko sun buga wasannin sada zumunci kafin su zama mambobin farko na Kungiyar Arewacin London a 1892-93. Sun ci gaba da samun nasara a Arewacin Middlesex League Division II (1894-95 masu tseren gaba), Division I (1895-96 masu tseren biyu) da kuma Premier Division (1896-97 zakarun). An inganta shi zuwa London League Division II, Barnet ya zama zakara a 1897-98 kuma ya shafe lokutan da suka biyo baya a London League Division I kafin ya daina wanzuwa a kakar 1901-02.&lt;ref name=&quot;bfc_history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Barnet Football Club History of Barnet FC |url=http://www.barnetfc.com/club/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030111514/http://www.barnetfc.com/club/history/ |archive-date=30 October 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |publisher=barnetfc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Barnet Avenue da Barnet Alston (1901-1919) ===
Kungiyoyi biyu na cikin gida, Barnet Avenue FC (wanda aka kafa 1890) da Alston Works AFC (wanda aka tsara 1901) sun ci gaba da jan hankalin tallafi. Barnet Avenue sun sake ba da kansu suna Barnet FC a cikin 1904 kuma a matsayin masu bi a cikin wasan amateur sun guje wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta London don goyon bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa mai son, wanda suka shiga a cikin 1907 bayan sun lashe Chiswick League. Avenue ta buga wasanninsu na gida da farko a Hadley Green kafin ta koma Queens Road.

=== Shekaru na Ƙungiyar Athens (1912-1965) ===
Fiye da shekaru 50 Barnet FC ta fafata a gasar Athenian League . Sun kasance mambobi ne na farko a 1912-13 sun kasance zakarun league ba kasa da sau bakwai tsakanin 1919 da 1965 kafin su zama cikakkun ƙwararru a 1965.

A cikin shekarun 1920 Barnet ya karfafa matsayinsu na mai son a cikin Ƙungiyar Athens a karkashin sakataren kungiyar Tom Goss . Ya shirya wa kananan 'yan wasa daga [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] su buga wa kulob din wasa ciki har da Taffy O'Callaghan, Willie Evans da Bill Whatley, dukansu sun zama na kasa da kasa, tsakanin su suna samun 17 Welsh caps.

=== Wasan kwallon kafa na biyu (2005-2013) ===
[[Fayil:BarnetGillingham.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Barnet (a cikin riguna masu laushi) yana wasa zuwa Gillingham a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012. Manajan wasan Edgar Davids yana kalubalantar dan wasan Gillingham a kwallon.]]
Shekarar 2005-06 ta fara ne tare da Barnet da ke jagorantar League Two bayan wasanni hudu, amma wannan nau'in bai ci gaba ba kuma kulob din ya gama kakar wasa biyar da maki 5 sama da yankin sakewa, duk da haka maki 12 ne kawai daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da nasara 1 kawai a wasanni 12 na farko na 2006. A gasar cin Kofin League, Bees sun yi nasara sosai a wasan da suka yi da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005. Magoya bayan 5,000 sun yi tafiya zuwa Old Trafford don ganin Barnet ya rasa 4-1, mai tsaron gidan Ross Flitney an kore shi a minti na biyu. Shekarar 2006-07 ta fara da kyau ga Barnet, amma wani taron tsakiyar kakar ya gan su kammala kakar a matsayi na 14. Kyakkyawan gudu a gasar cin Kofin FA ya kuma ga sun kai zagaye na huɗu na wannan gasa a karo na farko a tarihin su, sun doke kungiyar Championship Colchester United 2-1 a zagaye na uku da Northampton Town 4-1 a zagaye ya biyu kafin su rasa 2-0 ga Plymouth Argyle a gida. 2007-08 ya ga wani tsakiya na tsakiyar tebur ga Barnet; 12th tare da maki 60, da kuma gudu na biyu zuwa zagaye na huɗu na Kofin FA, inda suka rasa 1-0 ga Bristol Rovers, tare da Jason Puncheon ya rasa fanati ga Bees.</text>
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'''Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Barnet''' (/ˈbɑːrnɪt/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a London Borough of Harrow, Arewa maso Yammacin London . Kungiyar a halin yanzu tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League Two, matakin na huɗu na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]].

An kafa kulob din ne a Chipping Barnet a cikin 1888. Daga 1907 har zuwa 2013 sun buga wasanninsu na gida a Filin wasa na Underhill, sannan suka koma sabon Filin wasa na Hive, wanda ake kira da sunan laƙabi na kulob din na &quot;The Bees&quot;. 

Barnet ya zama memba na kafa kungiyar North London League a shekara ta 1892 kuma ya sami nasara a matakin gida kafin ya daina wanzuwa a shekara ta 1902. Sauran kungiyoyi biyu, Barnet Avenue da Alston Works, sun haɗu kuma sun shiga ƙungiyar Athenian a matsayin Barnet da Alston a cikin 1912, sun zama kawai Barnet FC bayan shekaru bakwai. Barnet ya shafe shekaru 53 a cikin Kungiyar Athenian, inda ya lashe lambobin league guda bakwai da kuma FA Amateur Cup guda ɗaya, kafin ya juya dan wasa yayin da suka shiga Kudancin Kudancin a shekarar 1965. Sun lashe gasar zakarun Division One a shekarar 1965-66, sun ci gaba da lashe kofin Kudancin a shekarar 1972 da kuma gasar Division One South a shekarar 1976-77. Barnet ya zama memba na kafa Alliance Premier League a 1979 kuma da farko ya yi gwagwarmaya, kodayake ya gama a matsayin masu cin gaba bayan an sake sunan league a Taron a 1986-87.

== Tarihi ==
''Don cikakken jerin lokutan, duba Jerin lokutan Barnet FC''
[[Fayil:Barnet_League_Performances.png|right|thumb|300x300px|Ayyukan Barnet League]]

=== Shekaru na farko (1888-1901) ===
An kafa Barnet FC a cikin 1888, bayan da aka fi sani da New Barnet FC (1885-88) da Woodville FC (1882-85). Asalin kulob din ya fito ne daga tsoffin malaman Kwalejin Cowley da Lyonsdown Collegiate School. An san su da &quot;The Hillmen&quot; kuma sun buga a New Barnet kafin su koma Ravenscroft Park a Queens Road a 1889. Da farko sun buga wasannin sada zumunci kafin su zama mambobin farko na Kungiyar Arewacin London a 1892-93. Sun ci gaba da samun nasara a Arewacin Middlesex League Division II (1894-95 masu tseren gaba), Division I (1895-96 masu tseren biyu) da kuma Premier Division (1896-97 zakarun). An inganta shi zuwa London League Division II, Barnet ya zama zakara a 1897-98 kuma ya shafe lokutan da suka biyo baya a London League Division I kafin ya daina wanzuwa a kakar 1901-02.&lt;ref name=&quot;bfc_history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Barnet Football Club History of Barnet FC |url=http://www.barnetfc.com/club/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030111514/http://www.barnetfc.com/club/history/ |archive-date=30 October 2012 |access-date=23 November 2012 |publisher=barnetfc.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Barnet Avenue da Barnet Alston (1901-1919) ===
Kungiyoyi biyu na cikin gida, Barnet Avenue FC (wanda aka kafa 1890) da Alston Works AFC (wanda aka tsara 1901) sun ci gaba da jan hankalin tallafi. Barnet Avenue sun sake ba da kansu suna Barnet FC a cikin 1904 kuma a matsayin masu bi a cikin wasan amateur sun guje wa kungiyar kwallon kafa ta London don goyon bayan kungiyar kwallon kafa mai son, wanda suka shiga a cikin 1907 bayan sun lashe Chiswick League. Avenue ta buga wasanninsu na gida da farko a Hadley Green kafin ta koma Queens Road.

=== Shekaru na Ƙungiyar Athens (1912-1965) ===
Fiye da shekaru 50 Barnet FC ta fafata a gasar Athenian League . Sun kasance mambobi ne na farko a 1912-13 sun kasance zakarun league ba kasa da sau bakwai tsakanin 1919 da 1965 kafin su zama cikakkun ƙwararru a 1965.

A cikin shekarun 1920 Barnet ya karfafa matsayinsu na mai son a cikin Ƙungiyar Athens a karkashin sakataren kungiyar Tom Goss . Ya shirya wa kananan 'yan wasa daga [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]] su buga wa kulob din wasa ciki har da Taffy O'Callaghan, Willie Evans da Bill Whatley, dukansu sun zama na kasa da kasa, tsakanin su suna samun 17 Welsh caps.

=== Wasan kwallon kafa na biyu (2005-2013) ===
[[Fayil:BarnetGillingham.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Barnet (a cikin riguna masu laushi) yana wasa zuwa Gillingham a watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012. Manajan wasan Edgar Davids yana kalubalantar dan wasan Gillingham a kwallon.]]
Shekarar 2005-06 ta fara ne tare da Barnet da ke jagorantar League Two bayan wasanni hudu, amma wannan nau'in bai ci gaba ba kuma kulob din ya gama kakar wasa biyar da maki 5 sama da yankin sakewa, duk da haka maki 12 ne kawai daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo, tare da nasara 1 kawai a wasanni 12 na farko na 2006. A gasar cin Kofin League, Bees sun yi nasara sosai a wasan da suka yi da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005. Magoya bayan 5,000 sun yi tafiya zuwa Old Trafford don ganin Barnet ya rasa 4-1, mai tsaron gidan Ross Flitney an kore shi a minti na biyu. Shekarar 2006-07 ta fara da kyau ga Barnet, amma wani taron tsakiyar kakar ya gan su kammala kakar a matsayi na 14. Kyakkyawan gudu a gasar cin Kofin FA ya kuma ga sun kai zagaye na huɗu na wannan gasa a karo na farko a tarihin su, sun doke kungiyar Championship Colchester United 2-1 a zagaye na uku da Northampton Town 4-1 a zagaye ya biyu kafin su rasa 2-0 ga Plymouth Argyle a gida. 2007-08 ya ga wani tsakiya na tsakiyar tebur ga Barnet; 12th tare da maki 60, da kuma gudu na biyu zuwa zagaye na huɗu na Kofin FA, inda suka rasa 1-0 ga Bristol Rovers, tare da Jason Puncheon ya rasa fanati ga Bees.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Crewe Alexandra FC</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351679161|Crewe Alexandra F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Crewe Alexandra Football Club kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham {{Efn|Abraham also supported the formation of the [[Cheshire Football Association]] in 1878, being appointed secretary, and was an umpire in the first [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final, held at [[Darwen]] in 1880. He refereed the first [[Liverpool Senior Cup]] final, also in 1880, and travelled extensively to umpire Crewe Alexandra's matches. He also made a significant contribution to amateur [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], helping organise annual events at the cricket club's ground in Earle Street, as well as becoming a long-standing official of the Northern Counties Athletic Association and the [[Amateur Athletic Association]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot;/&gt;}} da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866),   {{Efn|Crisp notes 1950s newspaper correspondence suggesting the formation of a football club was proposed by cricketer [[A.N. Hornby]], who also played professional football, and who elicited the support of 'Thomas Abrams' (presumably Thomas Abraham) and John O'Brien Tandy.&lt;ref name=Crisp6&gt;Crisp, p.6.&lt;/ref&gt;}} kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales .  &lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts,  {{Efn|Crewe drew 2–2, and lost the replay 3–2, but successfully appealed against the result in respect of the size of the Swifts' goals (the crossbars were too low). Crewe won the replay played at a neutral ground, Derby County's [[Baseball Ground]], 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;Crisp, pp.7, 18.&lt;/ref&gt;}} Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham {{Efn|Abraham also supported the formation of the [[Cheshire Football Association]] in 1878, being appointed secretary, and was an umpire in the first [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final, held at [[Darwen]] in 1880. He refereed the first [[Liverpool Senior Cup]] final, also in 1880, and travelled extensively to umpire Crewe Alexandra's matches. He also made a significant contribution to amateur [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], helping organise annual events at the cricket club's ground in Earle Street, as well as becoming a long-standing official of the Northern Counties Athletic Association and the [[Amateur Athletic Association]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot;/&gt;}} da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866),   {{Efn|Crisp notes 1950s newspaper correspondence suggesting the formation of a football club was proposed by cricketer [[A.N. Hornby]], who also played professional football, and who elicited the support of 'Thomas Abrams' (presumably Thomas Abraham) and John O'Brien Tandy.&lt;ref name=Crisp6&gt;Crisp, p.6.&lt;/ref&gt;}} kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales .  &lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts,  {{Efn|Crewe drew 2–2, and lost the replay 3–2, but successfully appealed against the result in respect of the size of the Swifts' goals (the crossbars were too low). Crewe won the replay played at a neutral ground, Derby County's [[Baseball Ground]], 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;Crisp, pp.7, 18.&lt;/ref&gt;}} Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham {{Efn|Abraham also supported the formation of the [[Cheshire Football Association]] in 1878, being appointed secretary, and was an umpire in the first [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final, held at [[Darwen]] in 1880. He refereed the first [[Liverpool Senior Cup]] final, also in 1880, and travelled extensively to umpire Crewe Alexandra's matches. He also made a significant contribution to amateur [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], helping organise annual events at the cricket club's ground in Earle Street, as well as becoming a long-standing official of the Northern Counties Athletic Association and the [[Amateur Athletic Association]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot;/&gt;}} da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866),   {{Efn|Crisp notes 1950s newspaper correspondence suggesting the formation of a football club was proposed by cricketer [[A.N. Hornby]], who also played professional football, and who elicited the support of 'Thomas Abrams' (presumably Thomas Abraham) and John O'Brien Tandy.&lt;ref name=Crisp6&gt;Crisp, p.6.&lt;/ref&gt;}} kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales .  &lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts,  {{Efn|Crewe drew 2–2, and lost the replay 3–2, but successfully appealed against the result in respect of the size of the Swifts' goals (the crossbars were too low). Crewe won the replay played at a neutral ground, Derby County's [[Baseball Ground]], 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;Crisp, pp.7, 18.&lt;/ref&gt;}} Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham {{Efn|Abraham also supported the formation of the [[Cheshire Football Association]] in 1878, being appointed secretary, and was an umpire in the first [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final, held at [[Darwen]] in 1880. He refereed the first [[Liverpool Senior Cup]] final, also in 1880, and travelled extensively to umpire Crewe Alexandra's matches. He also made a significant contribution to amateur [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], helping organise annual events at the cricket club's ground in Earle Street, as well as becoming a long-standing official of the Northern Counties Athletic Association and the [[Amateur Athletic Association]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot;/&gt;}} da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales .  &lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts,  {{Efn|Crewe drew 2–2, and lost the replay 3–2, but successfully appealed against the result in respect of the size of the Swifts' goals (the crossbars were too low). Crewe won the replay played at a neutral ground, Derby County's [[Baseball Ground]], 2–1.&lt;ref&gt;Crisp, pp.7, 18.&lt;/ref&gt;}} Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham {{Efn|Abraham also supported the formation of the [[Cheshire Football Association]] in 1878, being appointed secretary, and was an umpire in the first [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final, held at [[Darwen]] in 1880. He refereed the first [[Liverpool Senior Cup]] final, also in 1880, and travelled extensively to umpire Crewe Alexandra's matches. He also made a significant contribution to amateur [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], helping organise annual events at the cricket club's ground in Earle Street, as well as becoming a long-standing official of the Northern Counties Athletic Association and the [[Amateur Athletic Association]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot;/&gt;}} da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales .  &lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham {{Efn|Abraham also supported the formation of the [[Cheshire Football Association]] in 1878, being appointed secretary, and was an umpire in the first [[Lancashire Senior Cup]] final, held at [[Darwen]] in 1880. He refereed the first [[Liverpool Senior Cup]] final, also in 1880, and travelled extensively to umpire Crewe Alexandra's matches. He also made a significant contribution to amateur [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], helping organise annual events at the cricket club's ground in Earle Street, as well as becoming a long-standing official of the Northern Counties Athletic Association and the [[Amateur Athletic Association]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot;/&gt;}} da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales.&lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales.&lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham. &lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales.&lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham.&lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales.&lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham.&lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;). &lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales.&lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham.&lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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'''Crewe Alexandra Football Club''' kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Crewe, Cheshire, Ingila . Kungiyar ta farko ta fafata a League Two, matakin na huɗu na tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Ingila. An kira su 'The Railwaymen' saboda alaƙar garin da masana'antar dogo, kuma an fi sani da 'The Alex', sun yi wasa a wurin da suke a yanzu na Gresty Road (kusa da shafukan yanar gizo biyu da suka gabata) tun 1906. Babban gwagwarmayar magoya bayan ita ce ta Port Vale da ke Staffordshire.

An kafa kulob din ne a watan Agustan 1877 a matsayin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club, mai suna Princess Alexandra . Crewe ya kai wasan kusa da na karshe na FA Cup a 1888 kuma daga nan ne ya kasance memba na kafa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Biyu a 1892. A shekara ta 1921, an gayyaci kulob din don shiga sabuwar Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Uku ta Arewa, inda suka zauna na shekaru 37 masu zuwa Kofin FA sanya su a cikin sabuwar kungiyar ta huɗu a shekara ta 1958. Kungiyar ta sami ci gaba ta farko bayan ta kammala ta uku a 1962-63. An sake sauke Crewe nan da nan a kakar wasa ta gaba amma an sake inganta su a 1967-68, amma kuma sun kasance kawai a kakar wasa daya a cikin Sashe na Uku.

== Tarihi ==

=== Kafa da farkon shekarun ===
An kafa Crewe Alexandra Football Club a watan Agustan 1877  a matsayin reshen Crewe Alexandra Cricket Club (wanda Thomas Abraham da sauran ma'aikata a Crewe locomotive works suka kafa a watan Satumban 1866), kuma aka sanya masa suna bayan Alexandra, Gimbiya ta Wales.&lt;ref&gt;Seddon, Peter (2004), ''Football Talk: The language and folklore of the world's greatest game'', Chrysalis Books, London ({{ISBN|1-86105-683-4}}), p.174.&lt;/ref&gt; An kafa su ne a filin shakatawa na Alexandra da ke Crewe, kusa da tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Crewe, kuma sun buga wasansu na farko da wani ɓangare daga Basford a North Staffordshire a ranar 1 ga Disamba 1877, inda suka yi kunnen doki 1-1. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt;  A shekarar 1883, wasan farko da Crewe Alexandra ta yi a gasar cin kofin FA ya kasance da ƙungiyar Scotland Queen's Park ta Glasgow, inda ta sha kashi 10-0.  A watan Fabrairun 1886, William Bell ya zama ɗan wasan Crewe na farko da ya lashe gasar ƙasa da ƙasa, inda ya buga wa Wales wasa da Ireland a Wrexham.&lt;ref name=&quot;EUFImatch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales vs Ireland international football match report |url=https://eu-football.info/_match.php?id=4359 |access-date=28 March 2021 |website=EU Football.Info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A shekarar 1887–88, ƙungiyar ta buga wasanni 33 (ta yi nasara a wasanni 20, ta yi canjaras 5 sannan ta sha kashi a wasanni 8);  ƙungiyar ta kuma kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe na Kofin FA, inda ta doke Swifts, Derby County da [[Middlesbrough FC|Middlesbrough]] a kan hanyarsu, kafin ta tafi Preston North End . A shekarar 1891, ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabu da ƙungiyar wasan kurket - matakin da Francis Webb, babban injiniya na ayyukan London da North Western Railway (LNWR) na garin Crewe ya yi Allah wadai da shi, wanda ya yi adawa da ƙwarewa a wasanni sosai;  bayan ɓangaranci, Webb da LNWR sun ce kamfanin &quot;zai ƙi neman aiki a Crewe Works ga duk wani ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Dyer&quot; /&gt; wani shawara &quot;wanda aka yi tsokaci a kansa a cikin garin&quot;.  Saboda haka, &quot;sashen ƙwallon ƙafa na Alexandra Club bai cika bin LNWR ba..., duk da cewa ƙungiyoyin suna da alaƙa da masana'antar layin dogo ta gida&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kural&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kural |first=Tom |date=7 September 2022 |title=Listen, it's time to bring back the wheel! |url=https://therailwaymenreview.wordpress.com/2022/09/07/listen-its-time-to-bring-back-the-wheel/ |access-date=7 September 2022 |website=Railwaymen Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; (kodayake ɗaya daga cikin magajin Webb a matsayin babban injiniyan LNWR, Charles Bowen Cooke, &quot;ba shi da sauƙin sassautawa&quot; kuma &quot;shine Shugaban Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Crewe Alexandra da tarurrukan ƙwararru na wasanni da ta shirya&quot;).&lt;ref name=&quot;Redfern&quot; /&gt;

=== Shekaru na Gradi (1983-2011) ===
[[Fayil:Gradi,_Dario.jpg|thumb|Dario Gradi ya gudanar da wasanni 1,359 na kungiyar farko ta Crewe]]
A watan Yunin 1983, bayan Crewe ya kammala na biyu daga kasa a ƙarshen kakar 1982-83, shugaban kulob din Norman Rowlinson ya nada dan [[Milano|Milan]] Dario Gradi a matsayin kocin. Gradi ya nemi gina tsarin makarantar kimiyya don bunkasa 'yan wasan da za a iya siyar da su don taimakawa wajen tallafawa shirin ci gaban' yan wasa. Daga cikin nasarorin da ya samu na farko sun hada da Geoff Thomas da John Pemberton (duka sun sanya hannu daga Rochdale kuma sun sayar da su zuwa Crystal Palace, a 1987 da 1988 bi da bi),  da kuma tsohon ɗan wasan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] David Platt, ya sanya hannu a 1985 kuma ya sayar da su ga [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]] don £ 200,000 a watan Fabrairun 1988.

A karkashin Gradi, kuma duk da wasu magoya bayan Crewe na farko,  Crewe ya buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa mai kyau, fasaha kuma ya sami suna don haɓaka ƙwarewar matasa. Steve Walters ya zama dan wasan Crewe mafi ƙanƙanta, yana da shekaru 16 da kwanaki 119 lokacin da ya buga wa Peterborough United wasa a ranar 7 ga Mayu 1988. A shekara ta 1989, Crewe ta lashe ci gaba ta uku, 1-1 draw a Tranmere Rovers isa ya dauki kungiyoyin biyu zuwa Division na Uku. A halin yanzu, a ranar 7 ga watan Janairun 1989, Crewe ya karbi bakuncin Aston Villa - da Platt - a Gresty Road a zagaye na uku na FA Cup, inda ya jagoranci 2-0 kafin baƙi suka taru don samun nasara 3-2,   tare da Platt ya lashe amma ya ki yin bikin da tsohon kulob dinsa. Bayan shekara guda, a ranar 6 ga watan Janairun 1990, an fitar da Crewe a Chelsea a zagaye na uku; Walters ya ba Crewe jagora a rabi na farko a Stamford Bridge kafin Chelsea ta daidaita a minti na 82 don tilasta sakewa, wanda suka ci 2-0. A watan Maris na shekara ta 1990, an sayar da mai tsaron gidan Crewe Paul Edwards ga Coventry City don £ 350,000;  daga baya aka sanya masa suna a cikin 1989-1990 Division PFA Team of the Year,  dan wasan farko na Crewe don nunawa a cikin kyaututtuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CCFPA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Members News: Its Xmas! But Congrats To Former Sky Blue Paul Edwards Whose Birthday It Is! |url=http://www.ccfpa.co.uk/?p=38320 |access-date=20 August 2021 |website=Coventry City Former Players Association}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Guildford City FC</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351741634|Guildford City F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Guildford City Football Club (tsohon '''Guildford United''' da '''AFC Guildford''') kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Guildford, Surrey, Ingila . An kafa kulob din a 1921, an ninka shi a 1974 kuma an sake gyara shi a 1996. Guildford City tana taka leda a Kungiyar Firimiya ta Kudancin Kudancin.&lt;ref&gt;Partner clubs Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Guildford City F.C. website. Retrieved 23 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu - 1974 ===
Kungiyar farko a garin ita ce ƙungiyar Guildford, wadda aka kafa a 1877 kuma an san ta da &quot;Pinks&quot;. Sun buga wasannin gida a filin wasanni na Woodbridge Road . Farawa mai nasara ya haifar da mutane da yawa da ke magana game da sabon kulob din kwararru kuma a ƙarshen 1920 an kafa Guildford United. A watan Mayu 1921 an yarda da su a cikin Kudancin Kudancin .  A lokaci guda an sayi ƙasa a Joseph's Road kuma &quot;United&quot; sun sami damar fara kakar 1921-22 tare da wasan gida da Reading FC Reserves. Yin wasa a cikin kore da fari masu masaukin baki sun ci 2-0 tare da taron sama da magoya bayan 5,000 ko masu kallo masu yawon bude ido.

A cikin 1927 Guildford ya zama diocese kuma an gina Cocin Guildford. An yi imanin cewa Guildford zai zama birni don haka kulob din ya canza sunansa kuma an haifi &quot;City&quot;. A wannan lokacin sun kuma canza launuka zuwa ja da fari.

=== 1921 - Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ===
Sojoji sun yi amfani da ƙasa a lokacin Yaƙin. A cikin 1946-47 City ta sake shiga Kudancin Kudancin - a wannan lokacin a matsayin kulob din ɗan lokaci. A cikin 1950-51 tawagar ta kai wasan karshe na Kofin Kudancin a karo na farko, ta sha kashi a hannun Merthyr Tydfil duk da lashe wasan farko.

A cikin kakar 1951-52 City ta gudanar da tafiyarsu mafi tsawo lokacin da suka yi tafiya zuwa Gateshead a zagaye na 2 na Kofin FA. Kimanin magoya bayan 5,000 sun yi tafiya ta dare zuwa Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila a watan Disamba. Jama'a 15,000 sun ga City ta mamaye wasan amma ta rasa 2-0. A cikin bashi kuma, City ta sayar da Jimmy Langley ga [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds]] don £ 2,000. Daga bisani ya shiga Fulham kuma ya sami ƙwallon ƙafa uku na Ingila.

An kawo Archie Macaulay a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa a 1953 kuma ya fara gina wata kungiya da za ta lashe taken a 1955-56. Koyaya, ya bar kafin ƙarshen kakar ya bar Bill Thompson ya karɓi mulki kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa gasar. A cikin 1958-59 ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa kuma an raba ta da yanki. Birnin ya kasance a yankin Kudu maso Gabas kuma zai iya kammala 15th daga cikin 17.

=== Sake haihuwa a cikin 1996 ===
A cikin 1996 Bill Bellerby, magajin gari na Guildford a lokacin, ya tambayi ko Burpham FC za ta kasance a shirye don matsawa zuwa Cibiyar Wasanni ta Spectrum kuma ta wakilci Guildford. Spectrum ya ba da wurin da ke da damar ci gaba zuwa babban ƙwallon ƙafa kuma tuni yana da hasken ruwa.

AFC Guildford ta taka leda a gasar Firimiya ta Surrey, wacce daga karshe ta zama Division One na Combined Counties League. A cikin 2003-04 AFC Guildford sun lashe gasar zakarun Division One kuma sun sami babban girmamawa na farko. An sami ci gaba a cikin Combined Counties Premier Division, raba ƙasa tare da Cranleigh FC yayin da aka inganta Spectrum don saduwa da ka'idodin league. A farkon Nuwamba 2004, AFC Guildford ta koma gida kusa da tsakiyar gari.

A shekara ta 2005 kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa Guildford United, amma da sauri ya sami sunan Guildford City. Kungiyar ta kammala a kasa ta biyu a 2006-07 amma kakar da ta biyo baya ta sami matsayi na biyu a gasar Firimiya ta Combined Counties a karkashin Scott Steele da Lloyd Wye . Kevin Rayner, da mataimakinsa Roly Martin, sun dauki nauyin a shekarar 2009. Bayan ya tsere wa sakewa kuma ya sami ci gaba, a cikin 2011-12 kulob din ya sami ci gabansa mafi girma a cikin FA Vase har zuwa yau, amma mafi kyau ya zo lokacin da kungiyar ta sami kofin Combined Counties Premier Division. An hana kulob din ci gaba saboda Spectrum ya kasa binciken ƙasa. Sun ci gaba da lashe gasar a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma a wannan lokacin sun dauki matsayinsu a Kudancin Kudancin League Division One Central. Koyaya, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, bayan ya jagoranci City zuwa matsayi na tara a sabon kakar Kudancin Kudancin, Kevin Rayner ya bar kulob din don gudanar da [[Chipstead FC|Chipstead]].</text>
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'''Guildford City Football Club''' (tsohon '''Guildford United''' da '''AFC Guildford''') kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Guildford, Surrey, Ingila . An kafa kulob din a 1921, an ninka shi a 1974 kuma an sake gyara shi a 1996. Guildford City tana taka leda a Kungiyar Firimiya ta Kudancin Kudancin.&lt;ref&gt;Partner clubs Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Guildford City F.C. website. Retrieved 23 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu - 1974 ===
Kungiyar farko a garin ita ce ƙungiyar Guildford, wadda aka kafa a 1877 kuma an san ta da &quot;Pinks&quot;. Sun buga wasannin gida a filin wasanni na Woodbridge Road . Farawa mai nasara ya haifar da mutane da yawa da ke magana game da sabon kulob din kwararru kuma a ƙarshen 1920 an kafa Guildford United. A watan Mayu 1921 an yarda da su a cikin Kudancin Kudancin .  A lokaci guda an sayi ƙasa a Joseph's Road kuma &quot;United&quot; sun sami damar fara kakar 1921-22 tare da wasan gida da Reading FC Reserves. Yin wasa a cikin kore da fari masu masaukin baki sun ci 2-0 tare da taron sama da magoya bayan 5,000 ko masu kallo masu yawon bude ido.

A cikin 1927 Guildford ya zama diocese kuma an gina Cocin Guildford. An yi imanin cewa Guildford zai zama birni don haka kulob din ya canza sunansa kuma an haifi &quot;City&quot;. A wannan lokacin sun kuma canza launuka zuwa ja da fari.

=== 1921 - Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ===
Sojoji sun yi amfani da ƙasa a lokacin Yaƙin. A cikin 1946-47 City ta sake shiga Kudancin Kudancin - a wannan lokacin a matsayin kulob din ɗan lokaci. A cikin 1950-51 tawagar ta kai wasan karshe na Kofin Kudancin a karo na farko, ta sha kashi a hannun Merthyr Tydfil duk da lashe wasan farko.

A cikin kakar 1951-52 City ta gudanar da tafiyarsu mafi tsawo lokacin da suka yi tafiya zuwa Gateshead a zagaye na 2 na Kofin FA. Kimanin magoya bayan 5,000 sun yi tafiya ta dare zuwa Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila a watan Disamba. Jama'a 15,000 sun ga City ta mamaye wasan amma ta rasa 2-0. A cikin bashi kuma, City ta sayar da Jimmy Langley ga [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds]] don £ 2,000. Daga bisani ya shiga Fulham kuma ya sami ƙwallon ƙafa uku na Ingila.

An kawo Archie Macaulay a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa a 1953 kuma ya fara gina wata kungiya da za ta lashe taken a 1955-56. Koyaya, ya bar kafin ƙarshen kakar ya bar Bill Thompson ya karɓi mulki kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa gasar. A cikin 1958-59 ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa kuma an raba ta da yanki. Birnin ya kasance a yankin Kudu maso Gabas kuma zai iya kammala 15th daga cikin 17.

=== Sake haihuwa a cikin 1996 ===
A cikin 1996 Bill Bellerby, magajin gari na Guildford a lokacin, ya tambayi ko Burpham FC za ta kasance a shirye don matsawa zuwa Cibiyar Wasanni ta Spectrum kuma ta wakilci Guildford. Spectrum ya ba da wurin da ke da damar ci gaba zuwa babban ƙwallon ƙafa kuma tuni yana da hasken ruwa.

AFC Guildford ta taka leda a gasar Firimiya ta Surrey, wacce daga karshe ta zama Division One na Combined Counties League. A cikin 2003-04 AFC Guildford sun lashe gasar zakarun Division One kuma sun sami babban girmamawa na farko. An sami ci gaba a cikin Combined Counties Premier Division, raba ƙasa tare da Cranleigh FC yayin da aka inganta Spectrum don saduwa da ka'idodin league. A farkon Nuwamba 2004, AFC Guildford ta koma gida kusa da tsakiyar gari.

A shekara ta 2005 kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa Guildford United, amma da sauri ya sami sunan Guildford City. Kungiyar ta kammala a kasa ta biyu a 2006-07 amma kakar da ta biyo baya ta sami matsayi na biyu a gasar Firimiya ta Combined Counties a karkashin Scott Steele da Lloyd Wye . Kevin Rayner, da mataimakinsa Roly Martin, sun dauki nauyin a shekarar 2009. Bayan ya tsere wa sakewa kuma ya sami ci gaba, a cikin 2011-12 kulob din ya sami ci gabansa mafi girma a cikin FA Vase har zuwa yau, amma mafi kyau ya zo lokacin da kungiyar ta sami kofin Combined Counties Premier Division. An hana kulob din ci gaba saboda Spectrum ya kasa binciken ƙasa. Sun ci gaba da lashe gasar a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma a wannan lokacin sun dauki matsayinsu a Kudancin Kudancin League Division One Central. Koyaya, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, bayan ya jagoranci City zuwa matsayi na tara a sabon kakar Kudancin Kudancin, Kevin Rayner ya bar kulob din don gudanar da [[Chipstead FC|Chipstead]].</text>
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'''Guildford City Football Club''' (tsohon '''Guildford United''' da '''AFC Guildford''') kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Guildford, Surrey, Ingila . An kafa kulob din a 1921, an ninka shi a 1974 kuma an sake gyara shi a 1996. Guildford City tana taka leda a Kungiyar Firimiya ta Kudancin Kudancin.&lt;ref&gt;Partner clubs Archived 5 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine Guildford City F.C. website. Retrieved 23 September 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu - 1974 ===
Kungiyar farko a garin ita ce ƙungiyar Guildford, wadda aka kafa a 1877 kuma an san ta da &quot;Pinks&quot;. Sun buga wasannin gida a filin wasanni na Woodbridge Road . Farawa mai nasara ya haifar da mutane da yawa da ke magana game da sabon kulob din kwararru kuma a ƙarshen 1920 an kafa Guildford United. A watan Mayu 1921 an yarda da su a cikin Kudancin Kudancin .  A lokaci guda an sayi ƙasa a Joseph's Road kuma &quot;United&quot; sun sami damar fara kakar 1921-22 tare da wasan gida da Reading FC Reserves. Yin wasa a cikin kore da fari masu masaukin baki sun ci 2-0 tare da taron sama da magoya bayan 5,000 ko masu kallo masu yawon bude ido.

A cikin 1927 Guildford ya zama diocese kuma an gina Cocin Guildford. An yi imanin cewa Guildford zai zama birni don haka kulob din ya canza sunansa kuma an haifi &quot;City&quot;. A wannan lokacin sun kuma canza launuka zuwa ja da fari.

=== 1921 - Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu ===
Sojoji sun yi amfani da ƙasa a lokacin Yaƙin. A cikin 1946-47 City ta sake shiga Kudancin Kudancin - a wannan lokacin a matsayin kulob din ɗan lokaci. A cikin 1950-51 tawagar ta kai wasan karshe na Kofin Kudancin a karo na farko, ta sha kashi a hannun Merthyr Tydfil duk da lashe wasan farko.

A cikin kakar 1951-52 City ta gudanar da tafiyarsu mafi tsawo lokacin da suka yi tafiya zuwa Gateshead a zagaye na 2 na Kofin FA. Kimanin magoya bayan 5,000 sun yi tafiya ta dare zuwa Arewa maso Gabashin Ingila a watan Disamba. Jama'a 15,000 sun ga City ta mamaye wasan amma ta rasa 2-0. A cikin bashi kuma, City ta sayar da Jimmy Langley ga [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds]] don £ 2,000. Daga bisani ya shiga Fulham kuma ya sami ƙwallon ƙafa uku na Ingila.

An kawo Archie Macaulay a matsayin mai horar da 'yan wasa a 1953 kuma ya fara gina wata kungiya da za ta lashe taken a 1955-56. Koyaya, ya bar kafin ƙarshen kakar ya bar Bill Thompson ya karɓi mulki kuma ya jagoranci ƙungiyar zuwa gasar. A cikin 1958-59 ƙungiyar ta faɗaɗa kuma an raba ta da yanki. Birnin ya kasance a yankin Kudu maso Gabas kuma zai iya kammala 15th daga cikin 17.

=== Sake haihuwa a cikin 1996 ===
A cikin 1996 Bill Bellerby, magajin gari na Guildford a lokacin, ya tambayi ko Burpham FC za ta kasance a shirye don matsawa zuwa Cibiyar Wasanni ta Spectrum kuma ta wakilci Guildford. Spectrum ya ba da wurin da ke da damar ci gaba zuwa babban ƙwallon ƙafa kuma tuni yana da hasken ruwa.

AFC Guildford ta taka leda a gasar Firimiya ta Surrey, wacce daga karshe ta zama Division One na Combined Counties League. A cikin 2003-04 AFC Guildford sun lashe gasar zakarun Division One kuma sun sami babban girmamawa na farko. An sami ci gaba a cikin Combined Counties Premier Division, raba ƙasa tare da Cranleigh FC yayin da aka inganta Spectrum don saduwa da ka'idodin league. A farkon Nuwamba 2004, AFC Guildford ta koma gida kusa da tsakiyar gari.

A shekara ta 2005 kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa Guildford United, amma da sauri ya sami sunan Guildford City. Kungiyar ta kammala a kasa ta biyu a 2006-07 amma kakar da ta biyo baya ta sami matsayi na biyu a gasar Firimiya ta Combined Counties a karkashin Scott Steele da Lloyd Wye . Kevin Rayner, da mataimakinsa Roly Martin, sun dauki nauyin a shekarar 2009. Bayan ya tsere wa sakewa kuma ya sami ci gaba, a cikin 2011-12 kulob din ya sami ci gabansa mafi girma a cikin FA Vase har zuwa yau, amma mafi kyau ya zo lokacin da kungiyar ta sami kofin Combined Counties Premier Division. An hana kulob din ci gaba saboda Spectrum ya kasa binciken ƙasa. Sun ci gaba da lashe gasar a kakar wasa mai zuwa kuma a wannan lokacin sun dauki matsayinsu a Kudancin Kudancin League Division One Central. Koyaya, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2013, bayan ya jagoranci City zuwa matsayi na tara a sabon kakar Kudancin Kudancin, Kevin Rayner ya bar kulob din don gudanar da [[Chipstead FC|Chipstead]].

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Stevenage FC</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347545170|Stevenage F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Stevenage Football Club (wanda aka fi sani da Stevenage Borough Football Club har zuwa 2010) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Ingila . Kungiyar tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League One, matakin na uku na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Suna buga wasanninsu na gida a Broadhall Way a Stevenage .

An kafa su a shekara ta 1976 bayan mutuwar Stevenage Athletic sun shiga United Counties League a shekara ta 1980 kuma sun sami nasara a shekarar farko a matsayi na farko, inda suka lashe gasar United Counities League Division One da kuma United Counces League Cup. Bayan ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu a farkon shekarun 1990, an ci gaba da kulob din zuwa Taron Kasa a 1994. Duk da lashe gasar a kakar 1995-96, an hana su ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa saboda rashin isasshen kayan aiki na ƙasa. Stevenage ya kasance a saman matakin wadanda ba na League ba na shekaru 14 masu zuwa, kafin ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa bayan ya lashe gasar Firimiya a kakar 2009-10.&lt;ref&gt;Hertfordshire FA County Competition Winners&quot;. The Football Association. Retrieved 9 January 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== 1976–2010 ===
An kafa Stevenage Borough a shekara ta 1976 biyo bayan fatarar Stevenage Athletic .  Shugaban Keith Berners,  tare da &quot;masu sa kai da yawa masu tunani iri ɗaya&quot;, an ba su aiki tare da shirya ƙungiyar don buga Hitchin Town Youth a Broadhall Way a watan Nuwamba 1976, a matsayin &quot;mai ɗaga labule&quot; ga sabon kulob din. Koyaya, an haƙa filin Broadhall Way daga baya don dalilai marasa ƙwallon ƙafa bayan Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta sayar da ƙasar ga wani ɗan kasuwa na gida, wanda ya haƙa rami a fadin cikakken tsawon filin don tabbatar da cewa ba a buga ƙwallon ƙwallon. Sakamakon haka, sabon kulob din ya fara wasa a cikin Chiltern Youth League a filin wasa a filin wasa na Sarki George V na garin kuma daga baya ya koma matsayi na tsakiya, ya shiga Wallspan Southern Combination jim kadan bayan haka. Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta ba da izini ga kulob din don shigar da sunan &quot;Borough&quot; a cikin taken su da kuma karɓar alamar jama'a ta garin a matsayin lambar kulob din. A shekara ta 1980, majalisar ta sake samun Hanyar Broadhall Way kuma ta ba da izinin kulob din kwallon kafa ya zama mai haya. Tare da majalisa a matsayin masu mallakar su da kuma filin wasa da aka gyara, Stevenage Borough ya sami babban matsayi, a karkashin jagorancin Derek Montgomery, kuma ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta United Counties a wannan shekarar. Wasan farko na kulob din ya kasance nasarar 3-1 a kan ON Chenecks a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1980, wanda aka buga a gaban masu kallo 421. A kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin babban kulob din, kungiyar ta lashe gasar zakarun United Counties League Division One, inda ta zira kwallaye 106. Har ila yau, kulob din ya lashe kofin United Counties League a wannan kakar.

=== Gasar kwallon kafa (2010-yanzu) ===
An buga wasan farko na Stevenage a gasar kwallon kafa a kan Macclesfield Town a watan Agustan 2010, wanda ya ƙare a wasan 2-2 a Broadhall Way .  Bayan shan kashi hudu a wasanni shida a duk faɗin Disamba 2010 da Janairu 2011, kulob din ya kasance a matsayi na 18, maki hudu sama da yankin sakewa. A lokacin da aka cika a cikin Fabrairu da Maris 2011, Stevenage ya lashe wasanni tara daga cikin wasanni 11, wanda ya tura kulob din zuwa teburin league kuma ya shiga matsayi na play-off. Stevenage daga baya ya kai wasan kwaikwayo na League Two, ya kammala na shida. Sun fuskanci Torquay United a wasan karshe na gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2011 a Old Trafford .  Stevenage ya lashe wasan 1-0, don haka ya sami ci gaba zuwa League One a karo na farko a tarihin kulob din, kuma ya sami ci gaban baya-baya. A wannan kakar, Stevenage ya yi daidai da mafi kyawun wasan da suka yi a gasar cin kofin FA, ya kai zagaye na huɗu na gasar kafin ya rasa 2-1 ga Reading. A zagaye na baya, Stevenage ya yi wasa da kulob din Premier League Newcastle United, wanda suka hadu da shi a kakar 1997-98, inda suka rasa wasanni biyu. Stevenage daga baya ya ci Newcastle 3-1 a Broadhall Way,  wanda ya zama karo na farko da kulob din ya taba doke 'yan adawa a saman jirgin.</text>
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'''Stevenage Football Club''' (wanda aka fi sani da Stevenage Borough Football Club har zuwa 2010) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Ingila . Kungiyar tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League One, matakin na uku na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Suna buga wasanninsu na gida a Broadhall Way a Stevenage .

An kafa su a shekara ta 1976 bayan mutuwar Stevenage Athletic sun shiga United Counties League a shekara ta 1980 kuma sun sami nasara a shekarar farko a matsayi na farko, inda suka lashe gasar United Counities League Division One da kuma United Counces League Cup. Bayan ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu a farkon shekarun 1990, an ci gaba da kulob din zuwa Taron Kasa a 1994. Duk da lashe gasar a kakar 1995-96, an hana su ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa saboda rashin isasshen kayan aiki na ƙasa. Stevenage ya kasance a saman matakin wadanda ba na League ba na shekaru 14 masu zuwa, kafin ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa bayan ya lashe gasar Firimiya a kakar 2009-10.&lt;ref&gt;Hertfordshire FA County Competition Winners&quot;. The Football Association. Retrieved 9 January 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== 1976–2010 ===
An kafa Stevenage Borough a shekara ta 1976 biyo bayan fatarar Stevenage Athletic .  Shugaban Keith Berners,  tare da &quot;masu sa kai da yawa masu tunani iri ɗaya&quot;, an ba su aiki tare da shirya ƙungiyar don buga Hitchin Town Youth a Broadhall Way a watan Nuwamba 1976, a matsayin &quot;mai ɗaga labule&quot; ga sabon kulob din. Koyaya, an haƙa filin Broadhall Way daga baya don dalilai marasa ƙwallon ƙafa bayan Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta sayar da ƙasar ga wani ɗan kasuwa na gida, wanda ya haƙa rami a fadin cikakken tsawon filin don tabbatar da cewa ba a buga ƙwallon ƙwallon. Sakamakon haka, sabon kulob din ya fara wasa a cikin Chiltern Youth League a filin wasa a filin wasa na Sarki George V na garin kuma daga baya ya koma matsayi na tsakiya, ya shiga Wallspan Southern Combination jim kadan bayan haka. Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta ba da izini ga kulob din don shigar da sunan &quot;Borough&quot; a cikin taken su da kuma karɓar alamar jama'a ta garin a matsayin lambar kulob din. A shekara ta 1980, majalisar ta sake samun Hanyar Broadhall Way kuma ta ba da izinin kulob din kwallon kafa ya zama mai haya. Tare da majalisa a matsayin masu mallakar su da kuma filin wasa da aka gyara, Stevenage Borough ya sami babban matsayi, a karkashin jagorancin Derek Montgomery, kuma ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta United Counties a wannan shekarar. Wasan farko na kulob din ya kasance nasarar 3-1 a kan ON Chenecks a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1980, wanda aka buga a gaban masu kallo 421. A kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin babban kulob din, kungiyar ta lashe gasar zakarun United Counties League Division One, inda ta zira kwallaye 106. Har ila yau, kulob din ya lashe kofin United Counties League a wannan kakar.

=== Gasar kwallon kafa (2010-yanzu) ===
An buga wasan farko na Stevenage a gasar kwallon kafa a kan Macclesfield Town a watan Agustan 2010, wanda ya ƙare a wasan 2-2 a Broadhall Way .  Bayan shan kashi hudu a wasanni shida a duk faɗin Disamba 2010 da Janairu 2011, kulob din ya kasance a matsayi na 18, maki hudu sama da yankin sakewa. A lokacin da aka cika a cikin Fabrairu da Maris 2011, Stevenage ya lashe wasanni tara daga cikin wasanni 11, wanda ya tura kulob din zuwa teburin league kuma ya shiga matsayi na play-off. Stevenage daga baya ya kai wasan kwaikwayo na League Two, ya kammala na shida. Sun fuskanci Torquay United a wasan karshe na gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2011 a Old Trafford .  Stevenage ya lashe wasan 1-0, don haka ya sami ci gaba zuwa League One a karo na farko a tarihin kulob din, kuma ya sami ci gaban baya-baya. A wannan kakar, Stevenage ya yi daidai da mafi kyawun wasan da suka yi a gasar cin kofin FA, ya kai zagaye na huɗu na gasar kafin ya rasa 2-1 ga Reading. A zagaye na baya, Stevenage ya yi wasa da kulob din Premier League Newcastle United, wanda suka hadu da shi a kakar 1997-98, inda suka rasa wasanni biyu. Stevenage daga baya ya ci Newcastle 3-1 a Broadhall Way,  wanda ya zama karo na farko da kulob din ya taba doke 'yan adawa a saman jirgin.</text>
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'''Stevenage Football Club''' (wanda aka fi sani da Stevenage Borough Football Club har zuwa 2010) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Ingila . Kungiyar tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League One, matakin na uku na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Suna buga wasanninsu na gida a Broadhall Way a Stevenage .

An kafa su a shekara ta 1976 bayan mutuwar Stevenage Athletic sun shiga United Counties League a shekara ta 1980 kuma sun sami nasara a shekarar farko a matsayi na farko, inda suka lashe gasar United Counities League Division One da kuma United Counces League Cup. Bayan ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu a farkon shekarun 1990, an ci gaba da kulob din zuwa Taron Kasa a 1994. Duk da lashe gasar a kakar 1995-96, an hana su ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa saboda rashin isasshen kayan aiki na ƙasa. Stevenage ya kasance a saman matakin wadanda ba na League ba na shekaru 14 masu zuwa, kafin ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa bayan ya lashe gasar Firimiya a kakar 2009-10.&lt;ref&gt;Hertfordshire FA County Competition Winners&quot;. The Football Association. Retrieved 9 January 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== 1976–2010 ===
An kafa Stevenage Borough a shekara ta 1976 biyo bayan fatarar Stevenage Athletic .  Shugaban Keith Berners,  tare da &quot;masu sa kai da yawa masu tunani iri ɗaya&quot;, an ba su aiki tare da shirya ƙungiyar don buga Hitchin Town Youth a Broadhall Way a watan Nuwamba 1976, a matsayin &quot;mai ɗaga labule&quot; ga sabon kulob din. Koyaya, an haƙa filin Broadhall Way daga baya don dalilai marasa ƙwallon ƙafa bayan Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta sayar da ƙasar ga wani ɗan kasuwa na gida, wanda ya haƙa rami a fadin cikakken tsawon filin don tabbatar da cewa ba a buga ƙwallon ƙwallon. Sakamakon haka, sabon kulob din ya fara wasa a cikin Chiltern Youth League a filin wasa a filin wasa na Sarki George V na garin kuma daga baya ya koma matsayi na tsakiya, ya shiga Wallspan Southern Combination jim kadan bayan haka. Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta ba da izini ga kulob din don shigar da sunan &quot;Borough&quot; a cikin taken su da kuma karɓar alamar jama'a ta garin a matsayin lambar kulob din. A shekara ta 1980, majalisar ta sake samun Hanyar Broadhall Way kuma ta ba da izinin kulob din kwallon kafa ya zama mai haya. Tare da majalisa a matsayin masu mallakar su da kuma filin wasa da aka gyara, Stevenage Borough ya sami babban matsayi, a karkashin jagorancin Derek Montgomery, kuma ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta United Counties a wannan shekarar. Wasan farko na kulob din ya kasance nasarar 3-1 a kan ON Chenecks a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1980, wanda aka buga a gaban masu kallo 421. A kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin babban kulob din, kungiyar ta lashe gasar zakarun United Counties League Division One, inda ta zira kwallaye 106. Har ila yau, kulob din ya lashe kofin United Counties League a wannan kakar.

=== Gasar kwallon kafa (2010-yanzu) ===
An buga wasan farko na Stevenage a gasar kwallon kafa a kan Macclesfield Town a watan Agustan 2010, wanda ya ƙare a wasan 2-2 a Broadhall Way .  Bayan shan kashi hudu a wasanni shida a duk faɗin Disamba 2010 da Janairu 2011, kulob din ya kasance a matsayi na 18, maki hudu sama da yankin sakewa. A lokacin da aka cika a cikin Fabrairu da Maris 2011, Stevenage ya lashe wasanni tara daga cikin wasanni 11, wanda ya tura kulob din zuwa teburin league kuma ya shiga matsayi na play-off. Stevenage daga baya ya kai wasan kwaikwayo na League Two, ya kammala na shida. Sun fuskanci Torquay United a wasan karshe na gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2011 a Old Trafford .  Stevenage ya lashe wasan 1-0, don haka ya sami ci gaba zuwa League One a karo na farko a tarihin kulob din, kuma ya sami ci gaban baya-baya. A wannan kakar, Stevenage ya yi daidai da mafi kyawun wasan da suka yi a gasar cin kofin FA, ya kai zagaye na huɗu na gasar kafin ya rasa 2-1 ga Reading. A zagaye na baya, Stevenage ya yi wasa da kulob din Premier League Newcastle United, wanda suka hadu da shi a kakar 1997-98, inda suka rasa wasanni biyu. Stevenage daga baya ya ci Newcastle 3-1 a Broadhall Way,  wanda ya zama karo na farko da kulob din ya taba doke 'yan adawa a saman jirgin.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Stevenage Football Club''' (wanda aka fi sani da Stevenage Borough Football Club har zuwa 2010) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke garin Stevenage, Hertfordshire, Ingila . Kungiyar tana fafatawa a gasar EFL League One, matakin na uku na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Suna buga wasanninsu na gida a Broadhall Way a Stevenage .

An kafa su a shekara ta 1976 bayan mutuwar Stevenage Athletic sun shiga United Counties League a shekara ta 1980 kuma sun sami nasara a shekarar farko a matsayi na farko, inda suka lashe gasar United Counities League Division One da kuma United Counces League Cup. Bayan ci gaba uku a cikin yanayi huɗu a farkon shekarun 1990, an ci gaba da kulob din zuwa Taron Kasa a 1994. Duk da lashe gasar a kakar 1995-96, an hana su ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa saboda rashin isasshen kayan aiki na ƙasa. Stevenage ya kasance a saman matakin wadanda ba na League ba na shekaru 14 masu zuwa, kafin ya sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa bayan ya lashe gasar Firimiya a kakar 2009-10.&lt;ref&gt;Hertfordshire FA County Competition Winners&quot;. The Football Association. Retrieved 9 January 2023&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== 1976–2010 ===
An kafa Stevenage Borough a shekara ta 1976 biyo bayan fatarar Stevenage Athletic .  Shugaban Keith Berners,  tare da &quot;masu sa kai da yawa masu tunani iri ɗaya&quot;, an ba su aiki tare da shirya ƙungiyar don buga Hitchin Town Youth a Broadhall Way a watan Nuwamba 1976, a matsayin &quot;mai ɗaga labule&quot; ga sabon kulob din. Koyaya, an haƙa filin Broadhall Way daga baya don dalilai marasa ƙwallon ƙafa bayan Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta sayar da ƙasar ga wani ɗan kasuwa na gida, wanda ya haƙa rami a fadin cikakken tsawon filin don tabbatar da cewa ba a buga ƙwallon ƙwallon. Sakamakon haka, sabon kulob din ya fara wasa a cikin Chiltern Youth League a filin wasa a filin wasa na Sarki George V na garin kuma daga baya ya koma matsayi na tsakiya, ya shiga Wallspan Southern Combination jim kadan bayan haka. Majalisar Stevenage Borough ta ba da izini ga kulob din don shigar da sunan &quot;Borough&quot; a cikin taken su da kuma karɓar alamar jama'a ta garin a matsayin lambar kulob din. A shekara ta 1980, majalisar ta sake samun Hanyar Broadhall Way kuma ta ba da izinin kulob din kwallon kafa ya zama mai haya. Tare da majalisa a matsayin masu mallakar su da kuma filin wasa da aka gyara, Stevenage Borough ya sami babban matsayi, a karkashin jagorancin Derek Montgomery, kuma ya shiga kungiyar kwallon kafa ta United Counties a wannan shekarar. Wasan farko na kulob din ya kasance nasarar 3-1 a kan ON Chenecks a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta 1980, wanda aka buga a gaban masu kallo 421. A kakar wasa ta farko a matsayin babban kulob din, kungiyar ta lashe gasar zakarun United Counties League Division One, inda ta zira kwallaye 106. Har ila yau, kulob din ya lashe kofin United Counties League a wannan kakar.

=== Gasar kwallon kafa (2010-yanzu) ===
An buga wasan farko na Stevenage a gasar kwallon kafa a kan Macclesfield Town a watan Agustan 2010, wanda ya ƙare a wasan 2-2 a Broadhall Way .  Bayan shan kashi hudu a wasanni shida a duk faɗin Disamba 2010 da Janairu 2011, kulob din ya kasance a matsayi na 18, maki hudu sama da yankin sakewa. A lokacin da aka cika a cikin Fabrairu da Maris 2011, Stevenage ya lashe wasanni tara daga cikin wasanni 11, wanda ya tura kulob din zuwa teburin league kuma ya shiga matsayi na play-off. Stevenage daga baya ya kai wasan kwaikwayo na League Two, ya kammala na shida. Sun fuskanci Torquay United a wasan karshe na gasar kwallon kafa ta biyu a ranar 28 ga Mayu 2011 a Old Trafford .  Stevenage ya lashe wasan 1-0, don haka ya sami ci gaba zuwa League One a karo na farko a tarihin kulob din, kuma ya sami ci gaban baya-baya. A wannan kakar, Stevenage ya yi daidai da mafi kyawun wasan da suka yi a gasar cin kofin FA, ya kai zagaye na huɗu na gasar kafin ya rasa 2-1 ga Reading. A zagaye na baya, Stevenage ya yi wasa da kulob din Premier League Newcastle United, wanda suka hadu da shi a kakar 1997-98, inda suka rasa wasanni biyu. Stevenage daga baya ya ci Newcastle 3-1 a Broadhall Way,  wanda ya zama karo na farko da kulob din ya taba doke 'yan adawa a saman jirgin.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1345661906|West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Association Football Club kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Chorlton-cum-Hardy, wani yanki na [[Manchester]], Ingila . A halin yanzu mambobi ne na Kungiyar Firimiya ta Arewa maso Yamma, matakin tara na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, kuma suna wasa a The Recreation Ground, wanda aka sani da The Step Places Stadium don dalilai na tallafawa, amma galibi ana kiransa Brookburn Road . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brookburn Road |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/brookburn-road/west-didsbury-and-chorlton-afc |publisher=Football Ground Map}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;matchday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchday |url=https://www.wdcfc.co.uk/pages/matchday |publisher=[[West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa kulob din ne a West Didsbury a matsayin Christ Church A.F.C. a cikin 1908 ta hanyar Superintendent na makarantar Lahadi. Christ Church ya shiga Manchester Alliance League, inda suka taka leda har zuwa shekara ta 1914. A kakar 1920-21, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury A.F.C. kuma ya shiga Lancashire da Cheshire League.

A shekara ta 2003, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton, don nuna sabon wurinsa bayan matakin ƙasa na baya. A shekara ta 2006, sun shiga Manchester League Division One, sun lashe Murray Shields biyu a cikin yanayi uku, kuma sun lashe zakara a 2010-11, suna samun ci gaba zuwa Premier Division. A cikin kakar 2011-12, kulob din ya taka leda a FA Vase a karo na farko, kuma Ashville FC ta kori su a zagaye na biyu na cancanta. A kakar 2012-13 kulob din ya sami aikace-aikacen shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arewa maso Yamma.  Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kulob din ya taka leda a matakin 10 na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta kammala ta 3rd a kakar wasa ta farko a matakin 10, kuma saboda gazawar cika ka'idojin ƙasa na mai lashe gasar Formby, West an inganta su zuwa matakin 9 na kakar 2013-14 a karon farko. Sun kuma lashe gasar cin kofin NWCFL Division One Cup inda suka doke Abbey Hey 1-0 a wasan karshe. An sake su zuwa Division One South a kakar 2018-19, amma sun sami ci gaba zuwa Premier Division a 2021-22, suna tabbatar da kammala su a matsayin zakara a ranar 23 ga Maris 2022 a wasan da suka yi na karshe na kakar tare da nasarar 2-1 a kan Barnton.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017/18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=834392349421797378|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=BREAKING NEWS @ChorltsLadies to become @WDC_Women for 2017/18 season #Chorlton|date=22 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kulob din ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mata, bayan Chorltonians Ladies ta zama wani ɓangare na kulob din. A halin yanzu suna taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Arewa maso Yamma, bayan sun lashe lambar yabo ta NWWRL Division One South a shekarar 2017/18.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1118813020103294977|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=After last nights result West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Women secured the NWWRFL Division One South title. 🎉🎉🎉|date=18 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai ƙungiyar mata da ke taka leda a halin yanzu a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Greater Manchester .

== Dalilai ==
[[Fayil:Brookburn_Road_with_no_crowd_viewed_from_the_entrane_to_the_ground_on_2_July_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar Brookburn a lokacin hutu, Yuli 2019]]
Daga 1908 har zuwa 1914, kulob din ya taka leda a Shorts Farm a kan Wilmslow Road a cikin abin da ke yanzu Rusholme, kafin ya koma Christie Playing Fields. An kori kulob din lokacin da aka sayar da wannan filin don ci gaba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ba tare da gida ba har sai sun koma filin shakatawa da ba a amfani da shi a kan Brookburn Road a yankin Chorlton na Chorlton don kakar 1997-98.  Tun daga shekara ta 2019, an san filin a hukumance da filin wasa na The Step Places saboda dalilai na tallafawa.</text>
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'''West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Association Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Chorlton-cum-Hardy, wani yanki na [[Manchester]], Ingila . A halin yanzu mambobi ne na Kungiyar Firimiya ta Arewa maso Yamma, matakin tara na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, kuma suna wasa a The Recreation Ground, wanda aka sani da The Step Places Stadium don dalilai na tallafawa, amma galibi ana kiransa Brookburn Road . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brookburn Road |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/brookburn-road/west-didsbury-and-chorlton-afc |publisher=Football Ground Map}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;matchday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchday |url=https://www.wdcfc.co.uk/pages/matchday |publisher=[[West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa kulob din ne a West Didsbury a matsayin Christ Church A.F.C. a cikin 1908 ta hanyar Superintendent na makarantar Lahadi. Christ Church ya shiga Manchester Alliance League, inda suka taka leda har zuwa shekara ta 1914. A kakar 1920-21, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury A.F.C. kuma ya shiga Lancashire da Cheshire League.

A shekara ta 2003, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton, don nuna sabon wurinsa bayan matakin ƙasa na baya. A shekara ta 2006, sun shiga Manchester League Division One, sun lashe Murray Shields biyu a cikin yanayi uku, kuma sun lashe zakara a 2010-11, suna samun ci gaba zuwa Premier Division. A cikin kakar 2011-12, kulob din ya taka leda a FA Vase a karo na farko, kuma Ashville FC ta kori su a zagaye na biyu na cancanta. A kakar 2012-13 kulob din ya sami aikace-aikacen shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arewa maso Yamma.  Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kulob din ya taka leda a matakin 10 na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta kammala ta 3rd a kakar wasa ta farko a matakin 10, kuma saboda gazawar cika ka'idojin ƙasa na mai lashe gasar Formby, West an inganta su zuwa matakin 9 na kakar 2013-14 a karon farko. Sun kuma lashe gasar cin kofin NWCFL Division One Cup inda suka doke Abbey Hey 1-0 a wasan karshe. An sake su zuwa Division One South a kakar 2018-19, amma sun sami ci gaba zuwa Premier Division a 2021-22, suna tabbatar da kammala su a matsayin zakara a ranar 23 ga Maris 2022 a wasan da suka yi na karshe na kakar tare da nasarar 2-1 a kan Barnton.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017/18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=834392349421797378|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=BREAKING NEWS @ChorltsLadies to become @WDC_Women for 2017/18 season #Chorlton|date=22 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kulob din ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mata, bayan Chorltonians Ladies ta zama wani ɓangare na kulob din. A halin yanzu suna taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Arewa maso Yamma, bayan sun lashe lambar yabo ta NWWRL Division One South a shekarar 2017/18.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1118813020103294977|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=After last nights result West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Women secured the NWWRFL Division One South title. 🎉🎉🎉|date=18 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai ƙungiyar mata da ke taka leda a halin yanzu a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Greater Manchester .

== Dalilai ==
[[Fayil:Brookburn_Road_with_no_crowd_viewed_from_the_entrane_to_the_ground_on_2_July_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar Brookburn a lokacin hutu, Yuli 2019]]
Daga 1908 har zuwa 1914, kulob din ya taka leda a Shorts Farm a kan Wilmslow Road a cikin abin da ke yanzu Rusholme, kafin ya koma Christie Playing Fields. An kori kulob din lokacin da aka sayar da wannan filin don ci gaba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ba tare da gida ba har sai sun koma filin shakatawa da ba a amfani da shi a kan Brookburn Road a yankin Chorlton na Chorlton don kakar 1997-98.  Tun daga shekara ta 2019, an san filin a hukumance da filin wasa na The Step Places saboda dalilai na tallafawa.</text>
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'''West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Association Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Chorlton-cum-Hardy, wani yanki na [[Manchester]], Ingila . A halin yanzu mambobi ne na Kungiyar Firimiya ta Arewa maso Yamma, matakin tara na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, kuma suna wasa a The Recreation Ground, wanda aka sani da The Step Places Stadium don dalilai na tallafawa, amma galibi ana kiransa Brookburn Road . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brookburn Road |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/brookburn-road/west-didsbury-and-chorlton-afc |publisher=Football Ground Map}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;matchday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchday |url=https://www.wdcfc.co.uk/pages/matchday |publisher=[[West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa kulob din ne a West Didsbury a matsayin Christ Church A.F.C. a cikin 1908 ta hanyar Superintendent na makarantar Lahadi. Christ Church ya shiga Manchester Alliance League, inda suka taka leda har zuwa shekara ta 1914. A kakar 1920-21, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury A.F.C. kuma ya shiga Lancashire da Cheshire League.

A shekara ta 2003, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton, don nuna sabon wurinsa bayan matakin ƙasa na baya. A shekara ta 2006, sun shiga Manchester League Division One, sun lashe Murray Shields biyu a cikin yanayi uku, kuma sun lashe zakara a 2010-11, suna samun ci gaba zuwa Premier Division. A cikin kakar 2011-12, kulob din ya taka leda a FA Vase a karo na farko, kuma Ashville FC ta kori su a zagaye na biyu na cancanta. A kakar 2012-13 kulob din ya sami aikace-aikacen shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arewa maso Yamma.  Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kulob din ya taka leda a matakin 10 na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta kammala ta 3rd a kakar wasa ta farko a matakin 10, kuma saboda gazawar cika ka'idojin ƙasa na mai lashe gasar Formby, West an inganta su zuwa matakin 9 na kakar 2013-14 a karon farko. Sun kuma lashe gasar cin kofin NWCFL Division One Cup inda suka doke Abbey Hey 1-0 a wasan karshe. An sake su zuwa Division One South a kakar 2018-19, amma sun sami ci gaba zuwa Premier Division a 2021-22, suna tabbatar da kammala su a matsayin zakara a ranar 23 ga Maris 2022 a wasan da suka yi na karshe na kakar tare da nasarar 2-1 a kan Barnton.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017/18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=834392349421797378|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=BREAKING NEWS @ChorltsLadies to become @WDC_Women for 2017/18 season #Chorlton|date=22 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kulob din ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mata, bayan Chorltonians Ladies ta zama wani ɓangare na kulob din. A halin yanzu suna taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Arewa maso Yamma, bayan sun lashe lambar yabo ta NWWRL Division One South a shekarar 2017/18.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1118813020103294977|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=After last nights result West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Women secured the NWWRFL Division One South title. 🎉🎉🎉|date=18 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai ƙungiyar mata da ke taka leda a halin yanzu a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Greater Manchester .

== Dalilai ==
[[Fayil:Brookburn_Road_with_no_crowd_viewed_from_the_entrane_to_the_ground_on_2_July_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar Brookburn a lokacin hutu, Yuli 2019]]
Daga 1908 har zuwa 1914, kulob din ya taka leda a Shorts Farm a kan Wilmslow Road a cikin abin da ke yanzu Rusholme, kafin ya koma Christie Playing Fields. An kori kulob din lokacin da aka sayar da wannan filin don ci gaba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ba tare da gida ba har sai sun koma filin shakatawa da ba a amfani da shi a kan Brookburn Road a yankin Chorlton na Chorlton don kakar 1997-98.  Tun daga shekara ta 2019, an san filin a hukumance da filin wasa na The Step Places saboda dalilai na tallafawa.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Association Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Chorlton-cum-Hardy, wani yanki na [[Manchester]], Ingila . A halin yanzu mambobi ne na Kungiyar Firimiya ta Arewa maso Yamma, matakin tara na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, kuma suna wasa a The Recreation Ground, wanda aka sani da The Step Places Stadium don dalilai na tallafawa, amma galibi ana kiransa Brookburn Road.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brookburn Road |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/brookburn-road/west-didsbury-and-chorlton-afc |publisher=Football Ground Map}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;matchday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchday |url=https://www.wdcfc.co.uk/pages/matchday |publisher=[[West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa kulob din ne a West Didsbury a matsayin Christ Church A.F.C. a cikin 1908 ta hanyar Superintendent na makarantar Lahadi. Christ Church ya shiga Manchester Alliance League, inda suka taka leda har zuwa shekara ta 1914. A kakar 1920-21, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury A.F.C. kuma ya shiga Lancashire da Cheshire League.

A shekara ta 2003, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton, don nuna sabon wurinsa bayan matakin ƙasa na baya. A shekara ta 2006, sun shiga Manchester League Division One, sun lashe Murray Shields biyu a cikin yanayi uku, kuma sun lashe zakara a 2010-11, suna samun ci gaba zuwa Premier Division. A cikin kakar 2011-12, kulob din ya taka leda a FA Vase a karo na farko, kuma Ashville FC ta kori su a zagaye na biyu na cancanta. A kakar 2012-13 kulob din ya sami aikace-aikacen shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arewa maso Yamma.  Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kulob din ya taka leda a matakin 10 na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta kammala ta 3rd a kakar wasa ta farko a matakin 10, kuma saboda gazawar cika ka'idojin ƙasa na mai lashe gasar Formby, West an inganta su zuwa matakin 9 na kakar 2013-14 a karon farko. Sun kuma lashe gasar cin kofin NWCFL Division One Cup inda suka doke Abbey Hey 1-0 a wasan karshe. An sake su zuwa Division One South a kakar 2018-19, amma sun sami ci gaba zuwa Premier Division a 2021-22, suna tabbatar da kammala su a matsayin zakara a ranar 23 ga Maris 2022 a wasan da suka yi na karshe na kakar tare da nasarar 2-1 a kan Barnton.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017/18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=834392349421797378|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=BREAKING NEWS @ChorltsLadies to become @WDC_Women for 2017/18 season #Chorlton|date=22 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kulob din ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mata, bayan Chorltonians Ladies ta zama wani ɓangare na kulob din. A halin yanzu suna taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Arewa maso Yamma, bayan sun lashe lambar yabo ta NWWRL Division One South a shekarar 2017/18.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1118813020103294977|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=After last nights result West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Women secured the NWWRFL Division One South title. 🎉🎉🎉|date=18 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai ƙungiyar mata da ke taka leda a halin yanzu a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Greater Manchester .

== Dalilai ==
[[Fayil:Brookburn_Road_with_no_crowd_viewed_from_the_entrane_to_the_ground_on_2_July_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar Brookburn a lokacin hutu, Yuli 2019]]
Daga 1908 har zuwa 1914, kulob din ya taka leda a Shorts Farm a kan Wilmslow Road a cikin abin da ke yanzu Rusholme, kafin ya koma Christie Playing Fields. An kori kulob din lokacin da aka sayar da wannan filin don ci gaba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ba tare da gida ba har sai sun koma filin shakatawa da ba a amfani da shi a kan Brookburn Road a yankin Chorlton na Chorlton don kakar 1997-98.  Tun daga shekara ta 2019, an san filin a hukumance da filin wasa na The Step Places saboda dalilai na tallafawa.

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'''West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Association Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] da ke zaune a Chorlton-cum-Hardy, wani yanki na [[Manchester]], Ingila . A halin yanzu mambobi ne na Kungiyar Firimiya ta Arewa maso Yamma, matakin tara na ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila, kuma suna wasa a The Recreation Ground, wanda aka sani da The Step Places Stadium don dalilai na tallafawa, amma galibi ana kiransa Brookburn Road.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Brookburn Road |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/brookburn-road/west-didsbury-and-chorlton-afc |publisher=Football Ground Map}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;matchday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Matchday |url=https://www.wdcfc.co.uk/pages/matchday |publisher=[[West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton A.F.C.]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==
An kafa kulob din ne a West Didsbury a matsayin Christ Church A.F.C. a cikin 1908 ta hanyar Superintendent na makarantar Lahadi. Christ Church ya shiga Manchester Alliance League, inda suka taka leda har zuwa shekara ta 1914. A kakar 1920-21, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury A.F.C. kuma ya shiga Lancashire da Cheshire League.

A shekara ta 2003, kulob din ya canza sunansa zuwa West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton, don nuna sabon wurinsa bayan matakin ƙasa na baya. A shekara ta 2006, sun shiga Manchester League Division One, sun lashe Murray Shields biyu a cikin yanayi uku, kuma sun lashe zakara a 2010-11, suna samun ci gaba zuwa Premier Division. A cikin kakar 2011-12, kulob din ya taka leda a FA Vase a karo na farko, kuma Ashville FC ta kori su a zagaye na biyu na cancanta. A kakar 2012-13 kulob din ya sami aikace-aikacen shiga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Arewa maso Yamma.  Wannan shi ne karo na farko da kulob din ya taka leda a matakin 10 na [[Tsarin gasar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Ingila|Tsarin gasar kwallon kafa ta Ingila]]. Kungiyar ta kammala ta 3rd a kakar wasa ta farko a matakin 10, kuma saboda gazawar cika ka'idojin ƙasa na mai lashe gasar Formby, West an inganta su zuwa matakin 9 na kakar 2013-14 a karon farko. Sun kuma lashe gasar cin kofin NWCFL Division One Cup inda suka doke Abbey Hey 1-0 a wasan karshe. An sake su zuwa Division One South a kakar 2018-19, amma sun sami ci gaba zuwa Premier Division a 2021-22, suna tabbatar da kammala su a matsayin zakara a ranar 23 ga Maris 2022 a wasan da suka yi na karshe na kakar tare da nasarar 2-1 a kan Barnton.

Tun daga shekara ta 2017/18 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=834392349421797378|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=BREAKING NEWS @ChorltsLadies to become @WDC_Women for 2017/18 season #Chorlton|date=22 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; kulob din ya gudanar da ƙungiyar mata, bayan Chorltonians Ladies ta zama wani ɓangare na kulob din. A halin yanzu suna taka leda a Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Arewa maso Yamma, bayan sun lashe lambar yabo ta NWWRL Division One South a shekarar 2017/18.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1118813020103294977|user=WDC_WOMEN|title=After last nights result West Didsbury &amp; Chorlton Women secured the NWWRFL Division One South title. 🎉🎉🎉|date=18 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Har ila yau, akwai ƙungiyar mata da ke taka leda a halin yanzu a cikin Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Greater Manchester .

== Dalilai ==
[[Fayil:Brookburn_Road_with_no_crowd_viewed_from_the_entrane_to_the_ground_on_2_July_2019.jpg|left|thumb|Hanyar Brookburn a lokacin hutu, Yuli 2019]]
Daga 1908 har zuwa 1914, kulob din ya taka leda a Shorts Farm a kan Wilmslow Road a cikin abin da ke yanzu Rusholme, kafin ya koma Christie Playing Fields. An kori kulob din lokacin da aka sayar da wannan filin don ci gaba a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ba tare da gida ba har sai sun koma filin shakatawa da ba a amfani da shi a kan Brookburn Road a yankin Chorlton na Chorlton don kakar 1997-98.  Tun daga shekara ta 2019, an san filin a hukumance da filin wasa na The Step Places saboda dalilai na tallafawa.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>Sabbin tsarkaka FC</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351861484|The New Saints F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.</text>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.</text>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <title>The New Saints F.C.</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351861484|The New Saints F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;j

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.</text>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.</text>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.</text>
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Su ne kulob din da ya fi cin nasara a cikin tsarin league na Welsh,  tare da lakabi na league 18 zuwa sunansu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 March 2026 |title=The New Saints secure 18th JD Cymru Premier title with stoppage win over Connah’s Quay Nomads |url=https://faw.cymru/cymru-leagues/news/the-new-saints-secure-18th-jd-cymru-premier-title-with-stoppage-win-over-connahs-quay-nomads/ |access-date=9 March 2026 |publisher=Football Association of Wales}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tun daga kakar 2001-02, sun gama a matsayin zakara ko masu cin gaba a kowane kakar, ban da 2008-09, lokacin da suka gama na uku a gasar. Sun zama rukuni na farko da ke wasa a cikin tsarin league na Welsh don samun cancanta ga rukuni ko matakin league na kowane gasa na Turai bayan sun kai matakin league ya UEFA Conference League a karo na farko a kakar 2024-25.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2024 |title=The New Saints' opponents in the league phase of the 2024/25 UEFA Conference League confirmed |url=https://www.tnsfc.co.uk/2024/08/30/the-new-saints-opponents-in-the-league-phase-of-the-2024-25-uefa-conference-league-confirmed/ |publisher=The New Saints F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tarihi ==

=== Llansantffraid F.C. ===
An kafa kulob din a matsayin '''Llansantffraid F.C.''' don wakiltar ƙauyen iyaka na Llansantphraid-ym-Mechain (yawan jama'a: 1,000) a shekarar 1959, kuma ya buga wasa a filin shakatawa.

Sun fara ɗanɗana ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin Montgomeryshire Amateur Football League, inda suka lashe gasar sau bakwai. A ƙarshen kakar 1989-90 sun nemi shiga Manweb Central Wales League  kuma sun shiga gasar don sabon kakar. A cikin kakar wasa ta farko sun buga wasa da Welshpool Town (membobin da suka kafa sabuwar Cymru Alliance) a cikin &quot;Powysland Cup&quot;, inda suka buga wasanni shida na Welshpool. Welshpool ta lashe wasan 4-2 a kan hukuncin kisa. Kasancewarsu a cikin Ƙungiyar Wales ta Tsakiya ta kasance takaice, inda suka sami ci gaba zuwa Kungiyar Cymru a matsayin masu cin gaba a yunkurin su na farko. Ci gaban Llansantffraid ya ci gaba kuma a cikin 1992-93 sun sami ci gaba zuwa League of Wales, yanzu Cymru Premier, a matsayin zakara kuma sun lashe Kofin Welsh Intermediate tare da nasara 3-0 a kan Brecon Corinthians.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wales - List of Welsh Amateur Cup Finals |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesw/walamatcuphist.html |website=www.rsssf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Cikakken Maganin Cibiyar sadarwa ===
A cikin kakar 1995-96, Llansantffraid ya lashe Kofin Welsh  kuma ya cancanci a karo na farko don Kofin Masu Cin Kofin Turai. A wasan farko da suka yi a Turai sun hadu da wadanda suka lashe kofin Poland Ruch Chorzów kuma sun samu 1-1 draw a gida kafin su rasa 5-0 a Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;fchdllan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Football Club History Database - Llansantffraid |url=https://www.fchd.info/LLANSANT.HTM |website=www.fchd.info}}&lt;/ref&gt; A cikin 1997, wani kamfani na kwamfuta na gida, Total Network Solutions of Oswestry, ya shirya yarjejeniyar tallafawa ta £ 250,000 wanda ya haɗa da haɗa sunan kamfanin cikin sunan kulob din a matsayin Total Network Solutions Llansantffraid .  Tun daga wannan lokacin sun cancanci gasar Turai sau da yawa. An buga wasannin gida na Turai a ko dai filin wasa na Newtown ko Wrexham, saboda tsohuwar filin wasan su na UEFA ta kasance ƙasa da ka'idodin UEFA (ko da yake don ganawarsu ta 2003 da Manchester City, sun buga wasan gida a Filin wasa na Millennium mai kujeru 72,000 a Cardiff). Don bin ka'idojin UEFA game da tallafawa na ɓangare na uku, an san kulob din da asalin su na '''TNS''' ta hukumar kula da Turai a cikin gasa.

Sunan kulob din nan da nan ya canza zuwa '''Total Network Solutions F.C.''', kasancewar shi ne misali na farko a cikin Ƙasar Ingila na kulob din kwallon kafa da ke sake sunan kansa bayan sunan mai tallafawa kawai. Bayan matsalolin kudi na Barry Town a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2003, TNS ya zama kulob din kawai a cikin tsarin gasar Welsh wanda ke da ma'aikatan wasa na cikakken lokaci. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 2005, duk da haka, Llanelli ya kuma sanar da shirye-shiryen zuwa cikakken lokaci.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Kipcordonbleu</title>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kipcordonbleu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kipcordonbleu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828538</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Skribulo! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Skribulo|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:23:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828539</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, ChrisSmith95! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/ChrisSmith95|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>3</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:23:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828540</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, R.Ochoa91! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/R.Ochoa91|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
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    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148847</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828541</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:23:55Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828541</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Indiandoreamon! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Indiandoreamon|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Yali7019</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:24:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828542</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1186" sha1="meaydvttxgz430ppoo6usdxk3yg1cml" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yali7019! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yali7019|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148849</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828543</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:24:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
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      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828543</origin>
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== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Italy &amp; San Marino Friend! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Italy &amp; San Marino Friend|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>e24j43qmw5t05cz0hlm8itssnr1967v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Ramanhassi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148850</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828544</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:24:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828544</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="pkj0xcjcnwnqgublaautz18ly4z2eo1" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ramanhassi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ramanhassi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>pkj0xcjcnwnqgublaautz18ly4z2eo1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Tmyannu</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148851</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828545</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:24:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828545</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1184" sha1="0r0jprfzfvwdk7f9utqieghv748f71h" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Tmyannu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Tmyannu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0r0jprfzfvwdk7f9utqieghv748f71h</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:User1347241263</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148852</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828546</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:24:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828546</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="6ljpo30i6qmw2wzif8pglk7fctogc6f" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, User1347241263! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/User1347241263|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6ljpo30i6qmw2wzif8pglk7fctogc6f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Комиссарова Елена Викторовна СПб</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828547</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:24:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828547</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1292" sha1="mckxh4no5ngvhh0pecq1bn349u9hihq" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Комиссарова Елена Викторовна СПб! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Комиссарова Елена Викторовна СПб|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>mckxh4no5ngvhh0pecq1bn349u9hihq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Vouliagmeni</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148854</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828548</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:25:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828548</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1192" sha1="j5s29a6ctca8ruiysvwicharoqhbpsr" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Vouliagmeni! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Vouliagmeni|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>j5s29a6ctca8ruiysvwicharoqhbpsr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Akasya ağacı1671</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828549</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:25:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828549</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1206" sha1="r1vkli3udd5l52olbg4i3zv8h0lm3dr" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Akasya ağacı1671! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Akasya ağacı1671|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>r1vkli3udd5l52olbg4i3zv8h0lm3dr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:م ض</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148856</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828550</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:25:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828550</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1180" sha1="3lnb8ek285ndh3z5gp8uw8zbt748pf6" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, م ض! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/م ض|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3lnb8ek285ndh3z5gp8uw8zbt748pf6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Eka Samkharadze</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148857</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828551</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:25:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828551</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1200" sha1="at31tw483yjrw59fqsgszk9vc8nacxu" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Eka Samkharadze! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Eka Samkharadze|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>at31tw483yjrw59fqsgszk9vc8nacxu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Fasanu Omowumi Opeyemi</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148858</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828552</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:25:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828552</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1214" sha1="6gb7a0ssi15bb451s3j91v3qer2fx3k" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fasanu Omowumi Opeyemi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fasanu Omowumi Opeyemi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6gb7a0ssi15bb451s3j91v3qer2fx3k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Amintu H. S Noma</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828553</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:25:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828553</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1202" sha1="99jf17568tza6rsxbf1jl6kmo0avelb" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Amintu H. S Noma! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Amintu H. S Noma|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>99jf17568tza6rsxbf1jl6kmo0avelb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Birthdaydecorations</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148860</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828554</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:26:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828554</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1208" sha1="bzgcawerabnmj48zqeoowizimv8x3x0" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Birthdaydecorations! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Birthdaydecorations|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>bzgcawerabnmj48zqeoowizimv8x3x0</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Cemkoc</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148861</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828555</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:26:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828555</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1182" sha1="l2dj0qlf8py6n5g9z0u1v8dytz2lfz0" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Cemkoc! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Cemkoc|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>l2dj0qlf8py6n5g9z0u1v8dytz2lfz0</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:HazelAlbertSheriff</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828556</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:26:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828556</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1206" sha1="18l0iim5qleozmrkrvye8n074o4yeoo" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, HazelAlbertSheriff! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/HazelAlbertSheriff|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>18l0iim5qleozmrkrvye8n074o4yeoo</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Connor23553</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148863</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828557</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:26:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828557</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1192" sha1="jqpizyjvxkiyngs67er9bzzkigqlg89" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Connor23553! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Connor23553|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>jqpizyjvxkiyngs67er9bzzkigqlg89</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Adam.Coffey.au</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148864</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828558</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:26:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828558</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1198" sha1="1me9aanjglp6bxuil1rhgmjp877vdnr" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Adam.Coffey.au! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Adam.Coffey.au|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>1me9aanjglp6bxuil1rhgmjp877vdnr</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Infocidal</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148865</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828559</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T21:26:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AmmarBot</username>
        <id>13973</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Barka da zuwa!</comment>
      <origin>828559</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="6bd8lnplhngjwlivncksayalfc367vy" xml:space="preserve">
== Barka da zuwa! ==
Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba.
[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]]
Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Infocidal! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Infocidal|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta:
* [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]]
* [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]]
* [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]]
* [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]]
* [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]]
* [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]]

Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 1 Mayu 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>6bd8lnplhngjwlivncksayalfc367vy</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Tattaunawar user:Depolar</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>148866</id>
    <redirect title="Tattaunawar user:Julieyay" />
    <revision>
      <id>828622</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T03:51:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Mfield</username>
        <id>41477</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mfield moved page [[Tattaunawar user:Depolar]] to [[Tattaunawar user:Julieyay]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Depolar|Depolar]]&quot; to &quot;[[Special:CentralAuth/Julieyay|Julieyay]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828622</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="6r3w9oltev9w2skzoy0tq153k1b6v98" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:Julieyay]]</text>
      <sha1>6r3w9oltev9w2skzoy0tq153k1b6v98</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Emmanuel Chuka Osammor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148867</id>
    <revision>
      <id>828624</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T04:33:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326186735|Emmanuel Chuka Osammor]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>828624</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4400" sha1="6hd35wo7rit2xmc6y6cm641bjcq23by" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb]]
'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai Farfesa Emmanuel Chuka Osammor''' (10 ga Satumba, 1938 - 2007) masanin kimiyya ne kuma [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|ɗan siyasa]] Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'Yan Sanda kuma daga baya Ma'aikata, Kwadago da Ayyuka a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] . Ya kuma kasance Babban Lauyan na ɗan gajeren lokaci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Farfesa Emmanuel Osammor ya kasance Pro Chancellor na Jami'ar Bauchi, Najeriya, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma dattijo a [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a ta Najeriya]].

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Osammor a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya sami ilimin firamare daga Makarantar Katolika ta Idah kuma daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], ya kammala a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Birmingham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1966 kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 1968.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] wanda ke kula da bikin wasanni na farko na' yan sanda, sannan daga baya Ministan Ayyuka da Ayyuka. Bayan ƙarshen Jamhuriyar a shekara ta 1984, an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma ya shiga aikin kansa.

Ya koma Najeriya daga gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin Abacha . A lokacin Jamhuriyar Republic ta huɗu; Osammor ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party . Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na jam'iyyar kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin sulhu na jam'iyya, yana jagorantar Yankin Arewa ta Tsakiya na Kwamitin. Ya mutu a watan Disamba, 2007 yayin da yake ziyartar tsohon gwamnan jihar Delta, [[James Onanefe Ibori|James Ibori]].

== Jagoranci ==
Kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa na shari'a ya kasance shugaban daya daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka zama jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Marigayi Osammor ya kasance daga cikin 'yan siyasa kalilan da suka yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don tabbatar da nasarar Ibori da PDP a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], a cikin 1999 da 2003.

Marigayi farfesa ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsohon ministan sufuri [[Umaru Dikko]], Alhaji Ishaku Ibrahim da sauran manyan 'yan siyasa a kasar. Ya kasance malami kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarin tarayya na gaskiya, ba kawai a Delta ba, har ma da Najeriya gaba ɗaya.

An samo shi daga &quot;http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Emmanuel_Osammor An samo shi a 2008-09-14 a &quot;

== Tushe ==

* http://nigerianwiki.com/Emmanuel_Osammor An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-ex-minister-of-police-dies-after-visiting-ibori/ http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-tsohon ministan 'yan sanda-ya mutu-bayan ziyarar-ibori/]
* http://duckduckgo.com/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor
* http://www.peopledemocraticparty.org/pressreleasenewboardoftrustee.html An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [https://archive.today/20130209171836/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/igala/message/2044]
* http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/old_transition.html
* http://ahooldus.ee/index.php?option=com_awiki&amp;view=mediawiki&amp;article=Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor&amp;Itemid=53 An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20071223,ngrguardiannews-77e79361206be4af4e52b6d6f6df3818.html An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/430/138/
* http://allafrica.com/stories/200712240616.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195758/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/politics/2006/june/10/politics-10-06-2006-001.htm
* http://www.pointblanknews.com/authbioofabiola9.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224920/http://deltastategovernor.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=112
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084021/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=98719
* http://odili.net/news/source/2007/dec/23/208.html{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]]</text>
      <sha1>6hd35wo7rit2xmc6y6cm641bjcq23by</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828625</id>
      <parentid>828624</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T04:34:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828625</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="4142" sha1="nq5yc1p2b8sjofsvuib5lvvsrut96a8" xml:space="preserve">[[Fayil:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb]]
'''Farfesa Emmanuel Chuka Osammor''' (10 ga Satumba, 1938 - 2007) masanin kimiyya ne kuma [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|ɗan siyasa]] Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'Yan Sanda kuma daga baya Ma'aikata, Kwadago da Ayyuka a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] . Ya kuma kasance Babban Lauyan na ɗan gajeren lokaci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Farfesa Emmanuel Osammor ya kasance Pro Chancellor na Jami'ar Bauchi, Najeriya, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma dattijo a [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a ta Najeriya]].

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Osammor a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya sami ilimin firamare daga Makarantar Katolika ta Idah kuma daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], ya kammala a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Birmingham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1966 kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 1968.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] wanda ke kula da bikin wasanni na farko na' yan sanda, sannan daga baya Ministan Ayyuka da Ayyuka. Bayan ƙarshen Jamhuriyar a shekara ta 1984, an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma ya shiga aikin kansa.

Ya koma Najeriya daga gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin Abacha . A lokacin Jamhuriyar Republic ta huɗu; Osammor ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party . Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na jam'iyyar kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin sulhu na jam'iyya, yana jagorantar Yankin Arewa ta Tsakiya na Kwamitin. Ya mutu a watan Disamba, 2007 yayin da yake ziyartar tsohon gwamnan jihar Delta, [[James Onanefe Ibori|James Ibori]].

== Jagoranci ==
Kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa na shari'a ya kasance shugaban daya daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka zama jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Marigayi Osammor ya kasance daga cikin 'yan siyasa kalilan da suka yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don tabbatar da nasarar Ibori da PDP a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], a cikin 1999 da 2003.

Marigayi farfesa ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsohon ministan sufuri [[Umaru Dikko]], Alhaji Ishaku Ibrahim da sauran manyan 'yan siyasa a kasar. Ya kasance malami kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarin tarayya na gaskiya, ba kawai a Delta ba, har ma da Najeriya gaba ɗaya.

An samo shi daga &quot;http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Emmanuel_Osammor An samo shi a 2008-09-14 a &quot;

== Tushe ==

* http://nigerianwiki.com/Emmanuel_Osammor An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-ex-minister-of-police-dies-after-visiting-ibori/ http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-tsohon ministan 'yan sanda-ya mutu-bayan ziyarar-ibori/]
* http://duckduckgo.com/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor
* http://www.peopledemocraticparty.org/pressreleasenewboardoftrustee.html An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [https://archive.today/20130209171836/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/igala/message/2044]
* http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/old_transition.html
* http://ahooldus.ee/index.php?option=com_awiki&amp;view=mediawiki&amp;article=Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor&amp;Itemid=53 An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20071223,ngrguardiannews-77e79361206be4af4e52b6d6f6df3818.html An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/430/138/
* http://allafrica.com/stories/200712240616.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195758/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/politics/2006/june/10/politics-10-06-2006-001.htm
* http://www.pointblanknews.com/authbioofabiola9.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224920/http://deltastategovernor.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=112
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084021/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=98719
* http://odili.net/news/source/2007/dec/23/208.html{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]]</text>
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'''Farfesa Emmanuel Chuka Osammor''' (10 ga Satumba, 1938 - 2007) masanin kimiyya ne kuma [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|ɗan siyasa]] Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'Yan Sanda kuma daga baya Ma'aikata, Kwadago da Ayyuka a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] . Ya kuma kasance Babban Lauyan na ɗan gajeren lokaci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Farfesa Emmanuel Osammor ya kasance Pro Chancellor na Jami'ar Bauchi, Najeriya, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma dattijo a [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a ta Najeriya]].

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Osammor a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya sami ilimin firamare daga Makarantar Katolika ta Idah kuma daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], ya kammala a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Birmingham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1966 kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 1968.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] wanda ke kula da bikin wasanni na farko na' yan sanda, sannan daga baya Ministan Ayyuka da Ayyuka. Bayan ƙarshen Jamhuriyar a shekara ta 1984, an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma ya shiga aikin kansa.

Ya koma Najeriya daga gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin Abacha . A lokacin Jamhuriyar Republic ta huɗu; Osammor ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party . Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na jam'iyyar kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin sulhu na jam'iyya, yana jagorantar Yankin Arewa ta Tsakiya na Kwamitin. Ya mutu a watan Disamba, 2007 yayin da yake ziyartar tsohon gwamnan jihar Delta, [[James Onanefe Ibori|James Ibori]].

== Jagoranci ==
Kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa na shari'a ya kasance shugaban daya daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka zama jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Marigayi Osammor ya kasance daga cikin 'yan siyasa kalilan da suka yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don tabbatar da nasarar Ibori da PDP a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], a cikin 1999 da 2003.

Marigayi farfesa ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsohon ministan sufuri [[Umaru Dikko]], Alhaji Ishaku Ibrahim da sauran manyan 'yan siyasa a kasar. Ya kasance malami kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarin tarayya na gaskiya, ba kawai a Delta ba, har ma da Najeriya gaba ɗaya.

An samo shi daga &quot;http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Emmanuel_Osammor An samo shi a 2008-09-14 a &quot;

== Tushe ==

* &lt;ref&gt;{{http://nigerianwiki.com/Emmanuel_Osammor An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-ex-minister-of-police-dies-after-visiting-ibori/ http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-tsohon ministan 'yan sanda-ya mutu-bayan ziyarar-ibori/]}}&lt;ref/&gt;
* http://duckduckgo.com/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor
* http://www.peopledemocraticparty.org/pressreleasenewboardoftrustee.html An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [https://archive.today/20130209171836/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/igala/message/2044]
* http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/old_transition.html
* http://ahooldus.ee/index.php?option=com_awiki&amp;view=mediawiki&amp;article=Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor&amp;Itemid=53 An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20071223,ngrguardiannews-77e79361206be4af4e52b6d6f6df3818.html An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/430/138/
* http://allafrica.com/stories/200712240616.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195758/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/politics/2006/june/10/politics-10-06-2006-001.htm
* http://www.pointblanknews.com/authbioofabiola9.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224920/http://deltastategovernor.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=112
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084021/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=98719
* http://odili.net/news/source/2007/dec/23/208.html{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]]</text>
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'''Farfesa Emmanuel Chuka Osammor''' (10 ga Satumba, 1938 - 2007) masanin kimiyya ne kuma [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|ɗan siyasa]] Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'Yan Sanda kuma daga baya Ma'aikata, Kwadago da Ayyuka a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] . Ya kuma kasance Babban Lauyan na ɗan gajeren lokaci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Farfesa Emmanuel Osammor ya kasance Pro Chancellor na Jami'ar Bauchi, Najeriya, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma dattijo a [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a ta Najeriya]].

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Osammor a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya sami ilimin firamare daga Makarantar Katolika ta Idah kuma daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], ya kammala a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Birmingham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1966 kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 1968.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] wanda ke kula da bikin wasanni na farko na' yan sanda, sannan daga baya Ministan Ayyuka da Ayyuka. Bayan ƙarshen Jamhuriyar a shekara ta 1984, an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma ya shiga aikin kansa.

Ya koma Najeriya daga gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin Abacha . A lokacin Jamhuriyar Republic ta huɗu; Osammor ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party . Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na jam'iyyar kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin sulhu na jam'iyya, yana jagorantar Yankin Arewa ta Tsakiya na Kwamitin. Ya mutu a watan Disamba, 2007 yayin da yake ziyartar tsohon gwamnan jihar Delta, [[James Onanefe Ibori|James Ibori]].

== Jagoranci ==
Kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa na shari'a ya kasance shugaban daya daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka zama jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Marigayi Osammor ya kasance daga cikin 'yan siyasa kalilan da suka yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don tabbatar da nasarar Ibori da PDP a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], a cikin 1999 da 2003.

Marigayi farfesa ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsohon ministan sufuri [[Umaru Dikko]], Alhaji Ishaku Ibrahim da sauran manyan 'yan siyasa a kasar. Ya kasance malami kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarin tarayya na gaskiya, ba kawai a Delta ba, har ma da Najeriya gaba ɗaya.

An samo shi daga &quot;http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Emmanuel_Osammor An samo shi a 2008-09-14 a &quot;

== Tushe ==

* &lt;ref&gt;{{[http://nigerianwiki.com/Emmanuel_Osammor An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-ex-minister-of-police-dies-after-visiting-ibori/ http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-tsohon ministan 'yan sanda-ya mutu-bayan ziyarar-ibori/]}}&lt;ref/&gt;
* http://duckduckgo.com/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor
* http://www.peopledemocraticparty.org/pressreleasenewboardoftrustee.html An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [https://archive.today/20130209171836/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/igala/message/2044]
* http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/old_transition.html
* http://ahooldus.ee/index.php?option=com_awiki&amp;view=mediawiki&amp;article=Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor&amp;Itemid=53 An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20071223,ngrguardiannews-77e79361206be4af4e52b6d6f6df3818.html An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/430/138/
* http://allafrica.com/stories/200712240616.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195758/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/politics/2006/june/10/politics-10-06-2006-001.htm
* http://www.pointblanknews.com/authbioofabiola9.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224920/http://deltastategovernor.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=112
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084021/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=98719
* http://odili.net/news/source/2007/dec/23/208.html{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]]</text>
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'''Farfesa Emmanuel Chuka Osammor''' (10 ga Satumba, 1938 - 2007) masanin kimiyya ne kuma [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|ɗan siyasa]] Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'Yan Sanda kuma daga baya Ma'aikata, Kwadago da Ayyuka a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] . Ya kuma kasance Babban Lauyan na ɗan gajeren lokaci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Farfesa Emmanuel Osammor ya kasance Pro Chancellor na Jami'ar Bauchi, Najeriya, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma dattijo a [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a ta Najeriya]].

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Osammor a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya sami ilimin firamare daga Makarantar Katolika ta Idah kuma daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], ya kammala a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Birmingham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1966 kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 1968.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] wanda ke kula da bikin wasanni na farko na' yan sanda, sannan daga baya Ministan Ayyuka da Ayyuka. Bayan ƙarshen Jamhuriyar a shekara ta 1984, an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma ya shiga aikin kansa.

Ya koma Najeriya daga gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin Abacha . A lokacin Jamhuriyar Republic ta huɗu; Osammor ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party . Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na jam'iyyar kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin sulhu na jam'iyya, yana jagorantar Yankin Arewa ta Tsakiya na Kwamitin. Ya mutu a watan Disamba, 2007 yayin da yake ziyartar tsohon gwamnan jihar Delta, [[James Onanefe Ibori|James Ibori]].

== Jagoranci ==
Kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa na shari'a ya kasance shugaban daya daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka zama jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Marigayi Osammor ya kasance daga cikin 'yan siyasa kalilan da suka yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don tabbatar da nasarar Ibori da PDP a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], a cikin 1999 da 2003.

Marigayi farfesa ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsohon ministan sufuri [[Umaru Dikko]], Alhaji Ishaku Ibrahim da sauran manyan 'yan siyasa a kasar. Ya kasance malami kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarin tarayya na gaskiya, ba kawai a Delta ba, har ma da Najeriya gaba ɗaya.

An samo shi daga &quot;http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Emmanuel_Osammor An samo shi a 2008-09-14 a &quot;

== Tushe ==

* http://nigerianwiki.com/Emmanuel_Osammor An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-ex-minister-of-police-dies-after-visiting-ibori/ http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-tsohon ministan 'yan sanda-ya mutu-bayan ziyarar-ibori/]
* http://duckduckgo.com/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor
* http://www.peopledemocraticparty.org/pressreleasenewboardoftrustee.html An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [https://archive.today/20130209171836/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/igala/message/2044]
* http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/old_transition.html
* http://ahooldus.ee/index.php?option=com_awiki&amp;view=mediawiki&amp;article=Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor&amp;Itemid=53 An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20071223,ngrguardiannews-77e79361206be4af4e52b6d6f6df3818.html An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/430/138/
* http://allafrica.com/stories/200712240616.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195758/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/politics/2006/june/10/politics-10-06-2006-001.htm
* http://www.pointblanknews.com/authbioofabiola9.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224920/http://deltastategovernor.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=112
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084021/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=98719
* http://odili.net/news/source/2007/dec/23/208.html{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]]</text>
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[[Fayil:Coat_of_arms_of_Nigeria.svg|thumb]]
'''Farfesa Emmanuel Chuka Osammor''' (10 ga Satumba, 1938 - 2007) masanin kimiyya ne kuma [[Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya|ɗan siyasa]] Najeriya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin 'Yan Sanda kuma daga baya Ma'aikata, Kwadago da Ayyuka a cikin gwamnatin Shugaba [[Shehu Shagari]] . Ya kuma kasance Babban Lauyan na ɗan gajeren lokaci [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]]. A lokacin mutuwarsa, Farfesa Emmanuel Osammor ya kasance Pro Chancellor na Jami'ar Bauchi, Najeriya, mai ba da shawara ga gwamnati, kuma dattijo a [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Jama'a ta Najeriya]].

== Rayuwa ==
An haifi Osammor a [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara (Jiha)|Jihar Kwara]]. Ya sami ilimin firamare daga Makarantar Katolika ta Idah kuma daga baya ya halarci Kwalejin St Patrick, [[Asaba (Najeriya)|Asaba]], ya kammala a shekara ta 1957. A shekara ta 1964, ya kammala karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Birmingham kuma yana aiki a matsayin mai zaman kansa a shekarar 1966 kafin ya shiga bangaren koyarwa na [[Makarantar Koyan Lauya ta Najeriya|Makarantar Shari'a ta Najeriya]] a shekarar 1968.

== Ayyukan siyasa ==
A lokacin gwamnatin Shehu Shagari, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Harkokin [[Ɗan sanda|'yan sanda]] wanda ke kula da bikin wasanni na farko na' yan sanda, sannan daga baya Ministan Ayyuka da Ayyuka. Bayan ƙarshen Jamhuriyar a shekara ta 1984, an tura shi gudun hijira zuwa ƙasashen waje kuma ya shiga aikin kansa.

Ya koma Najeriya daga gudun hijira a lokacin mulkin Abacha . A lokacin Jamhuriyar Republic ta huɗu; Osammor ya kasance memba na kafa Jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party . Ya yi aiki a Kwamitin Zartarwa na jam'iyyar kuma ya kasance memba na Kwamitin sulhu na jam'iyya, yana jagorantar Yankin Arewa ta Tsakiya na Kwamitin. Ya mutu a watan Disamba, 2007 yayin da yake ziyartar tsohon gwamnan jihar Delta, [[James Onanefe Ibori|James Ibori]].

== Jagoranci ==
Kafin mutuwarsa, farfesa na shari'a ya kasance shugaban daya daga cikin kungiyoyi da yawa da suka zama jam'iyyar Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

Marigayi Osammor ya kasance daga cikin 'yan siyasa kalilan da suka yi aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba don tabbatar da nasarar Ibori da PDP a [[Delta (jiha)|Jihar Delta]], a cikin 1999 da 2003.

Marigayi farfesa ya kasance abokin tarayya na tsohon ministan sufuri [[Umaru Dikko]], Alhaji Ishaku Ibrahim da sauran manyan 'yan siyasa a kasar. Ya kasance malami kuma mai ba da shawara game da tsarin tarayya na gaskiya, ba kawai a Delta ba, har ma da Najeriya gaba ɗaya.

An samo shi daga &quot;http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Emmanuel_Osammor An samo shi a 2008-09-14 a &quot;

== Tushe ==

* http://nigerianwiki.com/Emmanuel_Osammor An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-ex-minister-of-police-dies-after-visiting-ibori/ http://ofilis1234.wordpress.com/2007/12/22/osamor-tsohon ministan 'yan sanda-ya mutu-bayan ziyarar-ibori/]
* http://duckduckgo.com/Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor
* http://www.peopledemocraticparty.org/pressreleasenewboardoftrustee.html An adana shi 2023-11-05 a 
* [https://archive.today/20130209171836/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/igala/message/2044]
* http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/old_transition.html
* http://ahooldus.ee/index.php?option=com_awiki&amp;view=mediawiki&amp;article=Emmanuel_Chuka_Osammor&amp;Itemid=53 An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://emm.newsexplorer.eu/NewsExplorer/clusteredition/en/20071223,ngrguardiannews-77e79361206be4af4e52b6d6f6df3818.html An adana shi 2011-07-20 a 
* http://www.mynaijanews.com/content/view/430/138/
* http://allafrica.com/stories/200712240616.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20070804195758/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/politics/2006/june/10/politics-10-06-2006-001.htm
* http://www.pointblanknews.com/authbioofabiola9.html
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224920/http://deltastategovernor.org/news_fetcher.php?fid=112
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071224084021/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=98719
* http://odili.net/news/source/2007/dec/23/208.html{{Dead link|date=August 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}
[[Rukuni:Matattun 2007]]
[[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1938]]</text>
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    <title>Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf</title>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344939059|Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6242" sha1="25pbc48xy3ua3pyy8brq7qo2x2k33n6" xml:space="preserve">'''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].

== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5977" sha1="h0xana5miu1mv4oehotvng5462mnpku" xml:space="preserve">'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].

== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
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'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].

== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828635</id>
      <parentid>828634</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:06:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828635</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6256" sha1="dw23oze64plg96dkegfpwp6yhbm4xwp" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>dw23oze64plg96dkegfpwp6yhbm4xwp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828636</id>
      <parentid>828635</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:06:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ilimi da Malamai */</comment>
      <origin>828636</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6530" sha1="6bo191tvcslzmhvctjawrmux51bmpdp" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comprehensive&quot;&gt;&quot;The Life and Call of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Orientalist Vision,&quot; Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070049/http://islamport.com/w/amm/Web/1831/57.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>6bo191tvcslzmhvctjawrmux51bmpdp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828637</id>
      <parentid>828636</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:08:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ilimi da Malamai */</comment>
      <origin>828637</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6609" sha1="hu0i2eh668aan4rgjucb68ngq6el5dr" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.&lt;ref&gt;Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan Al ash-Sheikh, ''Famous Scholars of Najd'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comprehensive&quot;&gt;&quot;The Life and Call of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Orientalist Vision,&quot; Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070049/http://islamport.com/w/amm/Web/1831/57.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828639</id>
      <parentid>828637</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:09:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan Masana */</comment>
      <origin>828639</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.&lt;ref&gt;Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan Al ash-Sheikh, ''Famous Scholars of Najd'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comprehensive&quot;&gt;&quot;The Life and Call of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Orientalist Vision,&quot; Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070049/http://islamport.com/w/amm/Web/1831/57.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.&lt;ref&gt;''Dictionary of Hanbali Authors'', Vol. 6, p. 231. [https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=VdtICwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT231 Google Books link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
      <sha1>llvg56etm2nswuvrnph3pl5jn8wdam2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828640</id>
      <parentid>828639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:10:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ayyukan Masana */</comment>
      <origin>828640</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6945" sha1="eiuwx20fpj59rmanhrlq1l6ohhg7xxj" xml:space="preserve">{{databox}}
'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.&lt;ref&gt;Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan Al ash-Sheikh, ''Famous Scholars of Najd'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comprehensive&quot;&gt;&quot;The Life and Call of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Orientalist Vision,&quot; Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070049/http://islamport.com/w/amm/Web/1831/57.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Misbah al-Salik by Sulayman ibn Ali,&quot; Goodreads. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190418140616/https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/16335805._ Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.&lt;ref&gt;''Dictionary of Hanbali Authors'', Vol. 6, p. 231. [https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=VdtICwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT231 Google Books link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH). 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:11:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dalibai da Kyauta */</comment>
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'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.&lt;ref&gt;Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan Al ash-Sheikh, ''Famous Scholars of Najd'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comprehensive&quot;&gt;&quot;The Life and Call of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Orientalist Vision,&quot; Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070049/http://islamport.com/w/amm/Web/1831/57.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Misbah al-Salik by Sulayman ibn Ali,&quot; Goodreads. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190418140616/https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/16335805._ Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.&lt;ref&gt;''Dictionary of Hanbali Authors'', Vol. 6, p. 231. [https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=VdtICwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT231 Google Books link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH).&lt;ref&gt;''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'', Vol. 2, p. 413.&lt;/ref&gt;
 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-02T05:12:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>A Sulaiman Z</username>
        <id>13085</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Dalibai da Kyauta */</comment>
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'''Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad '''Ibn Musharraf''' al-Tamimi al-Najd al-[[Hanbaliya|Hanbali]]''' (c. 1586 - 1668 AZ / 995 - 1079 AH), wanda aka fi sani da Ibn Musharraf, ya kasance fitaccen lauyan Hanbali, masanin tauhidi, kuma Babban Alkalin (Qadi) na yankin Najd a cikin karni na 17. An dauke shi a matsayin daya daga cikin malaman da suka fi tasiri a zamaninsa a [[Yankin Larabawa]]. Sulayman shi ne mahaifin masanin Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman kuma kakan [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar [[Wahabiyanci|Wahhabi]]. Asalinsa na ilimi da hukunce-hukuncen shari'a sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yanayin ilimi da addini na tsakiyar Arabiya kafin tashiwar [[Masarautar Diriya|Jihar Saudiyya ta farko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Al-Jazirah&quot;&gt;&quot;Sheikh Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Musharraf: Scholar of the Najdi Lands,&quot; Al-Jazirah Newspaper, May 1, 2017. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170815221905/http://www.al-jazirah.com/2017/20170501/wo1.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;


== Hali da Rayuwa ta Farko ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya kasance daga reshen Musharraf na Banu Tamim, sanannen kabilar Larabawa tare da dogon tarihin zama a Najd. An rubuta cikakken asalinsa a matsayin Sulayman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid ibn Burayd ibn Musharraf ibn Umar ibn Ma'dad ibn Rayyis ibn Zakhar ibn Muhammad ibn Alawi ibn Wuhaib al-Tamimi al-Najdi al-Hanbali .

An haife shi a garin Ushaiger a kusa da 1586 (995 AH). A wannan lokacin, Ushayqir babbar cibiyar ilmantarwa ce ga makarantar Hanbali ta shari'a a tsakiyar Arabiya, galibi ana kiranta &quot;birni na malamai&quot;. Sulayman ya girma a cikin yanayin ilimi, kamar yadda aka san iyalinsa da samar da lauyoyi da alƙalai da yawa. Ya fara karatunsa tun yana ƙarami, yana haddace [[Alqur'ani mai girma|Alkur'ani]] kuma yana nazarin ka'idodin harshen Larabci da dokar Islama a ƙarƙashin kulawar malaman yankin, gami da danginsa.

== Ilimi da Malamai ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya nemi ilimi daga fitattun malaman lokacinsa a Najd. Ilimi ya mayar da hankali sosai ga makarantar shari'a ta Hanbali, wanda shine al'adar shari'a mafi rinjaye a yankin. Masu ba da shawara na farko sun haɗa da:

* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musharraf''' (d. 1603 / 1012 AH): Dangi kuma mai ba da shawara na farko wanda ya ba shi tushe mai ƙarfi a kimiyyar addini.
* '''Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Isma'il''' (d. 1649 / 1059 AH): A karkashin jagorancinsa, Sulayman ya san [[Tafsiri|Tafsir]] (bayani), [[Hadisi]], [[Fiƙihu|Fiqh]] (dokar shari'a), da [[Fiqhun Gadon Musulunci|Fara'id]] (dokokin gado).

An san Sulayman musamman saboda kwarewarsa ta musamman a fannin shari'ar Hanbali. Bayanan zamani sun bayyana shi a matsayin &quot;mai ban mamaki na shekarunsa&quot; a cikin batutuwan shari'a, yana da zurfin fahimta game da rikitarwa na matani na makarantar da kuma ikon samun hukunce-hukuncen shari'a don batutuwan zamani.&lt;ref&gt;Abd al-Rahman ibn Hasan Al ash-Sheikh, ''Famous Scholars of Najd'', p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Comprehensive&quot;&gt;&quot;The Life and Call of Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab in Orientalist Vision,&quot; Comprehensive Encyclopedia. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190117070049/http://islamport.com/w/amm/Web/1831/57.htm Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ayyukan Shari'a ==
Sunayen Sulayman na ƙwarewar shari'a ya haifar da nadin sa a matsayin alƙali. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin Qadi na Rawdat Sudair, inda ya sami shahara saboda adalci da zurfin ilimin doka. Daga baya, ya koma Al-Uyayna, wanda a lokacin yana daya daga cikin manyan kasashe masu iko da wadata a Najd. 

A Al-Uyayna, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkalin da kuma ikon addini. Lokacin mulkinsa ya kasance alama ce ta tasiri sosai a kan al'amuran zamantakewa da shari'a na yankin. Sauran alƙalai da malamai a duk faɗin Najd sun tuntube shi akai-akai don warware rikice-rikice na shari'a, wanda ya sa ya zama babban ikon addini na lardin a tsakiyar karni na 17.

== Ayyukan Masana ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya rubuta littattafai da yawa waɗanda suka zama muhimman nassoshi ga ɗaliban Hanbali a Najd. Rubuce-rubucensa suna da haske, daidaito, da kuma mai da hankali kan aikace-aikace. Ayyukansa mafi shahara sun haɗa da:

# '''''Misbah al-Salik fi Ahkam al-Manasik''''' (Lampar Matafiyi game da Dokokin Al'adu): Cikakken jagora game da al'adun [[Aikin Hajji|Hajji]] da [[Umrah]]. Wannan aikin ana girmama shi sosai saboda taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'adun aikin hajji bisa ga makarantar Hanbali.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Misbah al-Salik by Sulayman ibn Ali,&quot; Goodreads. Accessed January 16, 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190418140616/https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/16335805._ Archive link].&lt;/ref&gt;
# '''''Fatawa al-Musharraf''''' (The Musharraf Fatwas): Tarin ra'ayoyin shari'a da hukunce-hukunce a fannoni daban-daban na dokar Islama, daga ma'amaloli zuwa dokar iyali.
# '''''Sharh al-Iqna''''' (Bayani game da Al-Iqni): Cikakken bayani game da Al'Iqna li-Talib al-Intifa, ɗaya daga cikin manyan litattafan shari'ar Hanbali da al-Hujjawi ya rubuta. Shirin Sulayman ya taimaka wajen bayyana wurare masu rikitarwa kuma ya ba da mahallin zamani don hukunce-hukuncen.&lt;ref&gt;''Dictionary of Hanbali Authors'', Vol. 6, p. 231. [https://books.google.com.sa/books?id=VdtICwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT231 Google Books link].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dalibai da Kyauta ==
A matsayinsa na babban malami, Sulayman ibn Ali ya horar da wani ƙarni na lauyoyi waɗanda za su ci gaba da tsara tarihin addini na Arabiya. Dalibansa sun hada da 'ya'yansa maza da wasu fitattun mutane da yawa:

* '''Abd al-Wahhab ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1740 / 1153 AH): Ɗansa, wanda ya gaji shi a matsayin fitaccen alƙali da masanin, kuma mahaifin Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab .
* '''Ibrahim ibn Sulayman''' (d. 1728 / 1141 AH): Wani ɗa wanda ya kasance sanannen malami a kansa.
* '''Muhammad ibn Sulayman''': Ɗansa na fari, wanda ya mutu a farkon karni na 12 AH.&lt;ref&gt;''Scholars of Najd over Eight Centuries'', Vol. 2, p. 367.&lt;/ref&gt;
* '''Abu Numay ibn Abdullah''': Marubucin ''Al-Mansak'', sanannen littafi game da Hajji.
* '''Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Qusayr''' (d. 1712 / 1124 AH): Wani sanannen lauya wanda ya yada koyarwar Sulayman a yankin Sudair.
* '''Mani' ibn Muhammad al-Dawsari''' (ya mutu 1722 / 1134 AH).&lt;ref&gt;''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'', Vol. 2, p. 413.&lt;/ref&gt;
 

Kyautar Sulayman ta fi bayyane a ci gaba da shahararren zuriyarsa, dangin Al ash-Sheikh, waɗanda suka kasance manyan hukumomin addini a Saudi Arabia sama da ƙarni biyu. Ya jaddada al'adar Hanbali da hanyar shari'arsa ta samar da tsarin ilimi wanda jikansa, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, ya sami ilimi daga baya.

== Mutuwa ==
Sulayman ibn Ali ya mutu a garin Al-Uyayna a cikin 1668 (1079 AH). An yi makoki game da mutuwarsa a ko'ina cikin Najd, kuma an tuna da shi a matsayin &quot;Sheikh na Hanbalis&quot; da kuma ginshiƙi na ilimin Islama a yankin.

== Manazarta ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ƙarin karantawa ==

* Al-Bassam, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman. Masana na Najd a kan Karni takwas.
* Ibn Humayd, Muhammad ibn Abdullah. ''Al-Suhub al-Wabilah ala Dara'ih al-Hanabilah'' .
* Al-Zirikli, Khayr al-Din. ''Al-A'lam''
[[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oxford United FC</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351363877|Oxford United F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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Oxford United Football Club (/ˈɒksfərd/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Oxford, Ingila . Kungiyar ta fafata a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na tsarin gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Ingila, amma za ta fafatawa a gasar EFL League One a kakar 2026-27 bayan da aka sauke ta. An kafa shi a matsayin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Headington a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya karbi sunansa na yanzu a shekara ta 1960. An ba shi suna The U's, ya buga wasansa na gida a Filin wasa na Kassam, ya maye gurbin tsohon gidansa na Manor Ground a shekara ta 2001.

Kungiyar ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1962 bayan ta lashe Kungiyar Kwando ta Kudancin, ta kai Sashe na Biyu a shekarar 1968.  Bayan sakewa a shekara ta 1976, tsakanin 1984 da 1986 kulob din ya sami ci gaba a cikin Sashe na Farko, kuma ya lashe Kofin League a shekara ta 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Happy Milk Cup Final Day {{!}} Oxford United Football Club |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2024/april/milk-cup-anniversary |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Oxford ba su iya shiga gasar cin Kofin UEFA ta 1987 ba saboda haramcin UEFA akan kungiyoyin Ingila a gasa ta Turai. Ragewa daga saman jirgin a cikin 1988 ya fara raguwar shekaru 18 wanda ya ga kulob din ya koma Taron a cikin 2006, ya zama masu cin nasara na farko na babban kofin da za a sake shi daga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. Bayan shekaru hudu, Oxford ta koma League Two a cikin 2010 ta hanyar play-offs, kuma shekaru shida daga baya ta sami ci gaba zuwa League One, bayan ta kammala ta biyu a League Two a 2016. A shekara ta 2024 an inganta su zuwa gasar zakarun EFL ta hanyar Wasanni kwaikwayo.
[[Fayil:Headington_F.C._1897–98_squad.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kulob din Headington FC da aka harbe daga kakar 1897-98]]
An kafa Oxford United a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1893 a matsayin Headington Football Club a Britannia Inn, Headington a cikin wani taron da likita na gida, Robert Hitchings, ya kira, a matsayin hanyar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Headington Cricket Club za su kula da lafiyarsu a lokacin hutun hunturu. Abokin da ya kafa shi ne Revd John Scott-Tucker, mai kula da Ikilisiyar St. Andrew, wanda aka nada shi shugaban farko na kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kara ma'anar United a cikin 1911 bayan haɗuwa da Headington Quarry . &lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Stephanie |title=Headington United History |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216003555/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |access-date=26 October 2007 |publisher=Headington.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan kwallon kafa na farko da kulob din ya buga shi ne da Cowley Barracks . Headington ba shi da gida na yau da kullun har zuwa 1913, lokacin da suka sami damar siyan filin Wootten a kan titin London, amma an sake gina wannan a 1920, wanda ya tilasta kulob din ya koma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An sami gida na dindindin a 1925, lokacin da suka sayi shafin Manor Ground a kan titin London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da wurin a matsayin filin wasan cricket a lokacin rani, da kuma filin kwallon kafa a cikin hunturu. A shekara ta 1899, shekaru shida bayan da aka kafa su, Headington United ta shiga kungiyar Oxfordshire District League Division na biyu, inda suka fafata har zuwa barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]; an sake sunan Division na biyu da Oxfordshire Junior League bayan sake dawo da kwallon kafa a 1919. A shekara ta 1921, an shigar da kulob din cikin Oxon Senior League .  Lokacin farko ya haɗa da nasara 9-0, tare da takwas daga cikin waɗannan burin da suka fito daga P. Drewitt. Wannan ya kasance rikodin mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasan Oxford ya zira a wasan farko.  A wannan lokacin akwai karamin gasa tare da Cowley FC, wadanda ke da nisan kilomita a kudancin Headington. A lokacin wasan league a Ranar Mayu, alƙalin ya ba da hukunci biyu ga Cowley; magoya baya sun karya tsaro da 'yan wasa da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da alƙalin da aka &quot;ba da kyauta&quot;. Wasan farko na FA Cup da aka buga shi ne a 1931, a kan Hounslow FC a zagaye na farko, wanda ya ƙare a cikin cin nasara 8-2 ga Headington. United ta shafe shekaru biyu a cikin Spartan League a 1947 da 1948, ta kammala ta biyar da ta huɗu bi da bi. A wannan lokacin ne tawagar wasan kurket ta bar Manor kuma ta koma sabon wuri kusa da Cowley Barracks.

=== 1948-1960: Kwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru ===
An fara la'akari da matsawa cikin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin kakar 1948-49. Vic Couling, shugaban kasa a lokacin, ya nemi Headington ya zama memba na sabon Sashe na Biyu a Kudancin Kudancin .  Sauran kungiyoyin da suka yi amfani da su sun hada da Weymouth, Kettering Town da kuma kungiyar Cambridge United ta gaba. Kodayake an jinkirta tsare-tsaren, za a fadada rukunin farko ta kungiyoyi biyu; an zabi Weymouth da Headington. Daga baya aka gano cewa Llanelli yana da kuri'u daya kawai fiye da Headington.&lt;ref name=&quot;Application&quot; /&gt; Lokacin farko na Oxford a Kudancin League ya kasance a 1949, a wannan shekarar da suka zama masu sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauki tsohon dan wasan gaba na farko Harry Thompson a matsayin manajan. A cikin 1950, Headington United ya zama kulob din kwararru na farko a Burtaniya don shigar da fitilu,  kuma ya yi amfani da su a ranar 18 ga Disamba a kan Banbury Spencer.  Da farko sun yi wasa a cikin riguna masu launin orange da shudi, amma sun canza zuwa riguna masu rawaya a kakar 1957-58. Ba a san dalilin canjin ba.</text>
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Oxford United Football Club (/ˈɒksfərd/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Oxford, Ingila . Kungiyar ta fafata a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na tsarin gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Ingila, amma za ta fafatawa a gasar EFL League One a kakar 2026-27 bayan da aka sauke ta. An kafa shi a matsayin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Headington a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya karbi sunansa na yanzu a shekara ta 1960. An ba shi suna The U's, ya buga wasansa na gida a Filin wasa na Kassam, ya maye gurbin tsohon gidansa na Manor Ground a shekara ta 2001.

Kungiyar ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1962 bayan ta lashe Kungiyar Kwando ta Kudancin, ta kai Sashe na Biyu a shekarar 1968.  Bayan sakewa a shekara ta 1976, tsakanin 1984 da 1986 kulob din ya sami ci gaba a cikin Sashe na Farko, kuma ya lashe Kofin League a shekara ta 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Happy Milk Cup Final Day {{!}} Oxford United Football Club |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2024/april/milk-cup-anniversary |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Oxford ba su iya shiga gasar cin Kofin UEFA ta 1987 ba saboda haramcin UEFA akan kungiyoyin Ingila a gasa ta Turai. Ragewa daga saman jirgin a cikin 1988 ya fara raguwar shekaru 18 wanda ya ga kulob din ya koma Taron a cikin 2006, ya zama masu cin nasara na farko na babban kofin da za a sake shi daga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. Bayan shekaru hudu, Oxford ta koma League Two a cikin 2010 ta hanyar play-offs, kuma shekaru shida daga baya ta sami ci gaba zuwa League One, bayan ta kammala ta biyu a League Two a 2016. A shekara ta 2024 an inganta su zuwa gasar zakarun EFL ta hanyar Wasanni kwaikwayo.
[[Fayil:Headington_F.C._1897–98_squad.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kulob din Headington FC da aka harbe daga kakar 1897-98]]
An kafa Oxford United a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1893 a matsayin Headington Football Club a Britannia Inn, Headington a cikin wani taron da likita na gida, Robert Hitchings, ya kira, a matsayin hanyar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Headington Cricket Club za su kula da lafiyarsu a lokacin hutun hunturu. Abokin da ya kafa shi ne Revd John Scott-Tucker, mai kula da Ikilisiyar St. Andrew, wanda aka nada shi shugaban farko na kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kara ma'anar United a cikin 1911 bayan haɗuwa da Headington Quarry . &lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Stephanie |title=Headington United History |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216003555/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |access-date=26 October 2007 |publisher=Headington.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan kwallon kafa na farko da kulob din ya buga shi ne da Cowley Barracks . Headington ba shi da gida na yau da kullun har zuwa 1913, lokacin da suka sami damar siyan filin Wootten a kan titin London, amma an sake gina wannan a 1920, wanda ya tilasta kulob din ya koma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An sami gida na dindindin a 1925, lokacin da suka sayi shafin Manor Ground a kan titin London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da wurin a matsayin filin wasan cricket a lokacin rani, da kuma filin kwallon kafa a cikin hunturu. A shekara ta 1899, shekaru shida bayan da aka kafa su, Headington United ta shiga kungiyar Oxfordshire District League Division na biyu, inda suka fafata har zuwa barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]; an sake sunan Division na biyu da Oxfordshire Junior League bayan sake dawo da kwallon kafa a 1919. A shekara ta 1921, an shigar da kulob din cikin Oxon Senior League .  Lokacin farko ya haɗa da nasara 9-0, tare da takwas daga cikin waɗannan burin da suka fito daga P. Drewitt. Wannan ya kasance rikodin mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasan Oxford ya zira a wasan farko.  A wannan lokacin akwai karamin gasa tare da Cowley FC, wadanda ke da nisan kilomita a kudancin Headington. A lokacin wasan league a Ranar Mayu, alƙalin ya ba da hukunci biyu ga Cowley; magoya baya sun karya tsaro da 'yan wasa da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da alƙalin da aka &quot;ba da kyauta&quot;. Wasan farko na FA Cup da aka buga shi ne a 1931, a kan Hounslow FC a zagaye na farko, wanda ya ƙare a cikin cin nasara 8-2 ga Headington. United ta shafe shekaru biyu a cikin Spartan League a 1947 da 1948, ta kammala ta biyar da ta huɗu bi da bi. A wannan lokacin ne tawagar wasan kurket ta bar Manor kuma ta koma sabon wuri kusa da Cowley Barracks.

=== 1948-1960: Kwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru ===
An fara la'akari da matsawa cikin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin kakar 1948-49. Vic Couling, shugaban kasa a lokacin, ya nemi Headington ya zama memba na sabon Sashe na Biyu a Kudancin Kudancin .  Sauran kungiyoyin da suka yi amfani da su sun hada da Weymouth, Kettering Town da kuma kungiyar Cambridge United ta gaba. Kodayake an jinkirta tsare-tsaren, za a fadada rukunin farko ta kungiyoyi biyu; an zabi Weymouth da Headington. Daga baya aka gano cewa Llanelli yana da kuri'u daya kawai fiye da Headington.&lt;ref name=&quot;Application&quot; /&gt; Lokacin farko na Oxford a Kudancin League ya kasance a 1949, a wannan shekarar da suka zama masu sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauki tsohon dan wasan gaba na farko Harry Thompson a matsayin manajan. A cikin 1950, Headington United ya zama kulob din kwararru na farko a Burtaniya don shigar da fitilu,  kuma ya yi amfani da su a ranar 18 ga Disamba a kan Banbury Spencer.  Da farko sun yi wasa a cikin riguna masu launin orange da shudi, amma sun canza zuwa riguna masu rawaya a kakar 1957-58. Ba a san dalilin canjin ba.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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Oxford United Football Club (/ˈɒksfərd/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Oxford, Ingila . Kungiyar ta fafata a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na tsarin gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Ingila, amma za ta fafatawa a gasar EFL League One a kakar 2026-27 bayan da aka sauke ta. An kafa shi a matsayin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Headington a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya karbi sunansa na yanzu a shekara ta 1960. An ba shi suna The U's, ya buga wasansa na gida a Filin wasa na Kassam, ya maye gurbin tsohon gidansa na Manor Ground a shekara ta 2001.

Kungiyar ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1962 bayan ta lashe Kungiyar Kwando ta Kudancin, ta kai Sashe na Biyu a shekarar 1968.  Bayan sakewa a shekara ta 1976, tsakanin 1984 da 1986 kulob din ya sami ci gaba a cikin Sashe na Farko, kuma ya lashe Kofin League a shekara ta 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Happy Milk Cup Final Day {{!}} Oxford United Football Club |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2024/april/milk-cup-anniversary |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Oxford ba su iya shiga gasar cin Kofin UEFA ta 1987 ba saboda haramcin UEFA akan kungiyoyin Ingila a gasa ta Turai. Ragewa daga saman jirgin a cikin 1988 ya fara raguwar shekaru 18 wanda ya ga kulob din ya koma Taron a cikin 2006, ya zama masu cin nasara na farko na babban kofin da za a sake shi daga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. Bayan shekaru hudu, Oxford ta koma League Two a cikin 2010 ta hanyar play-offs, kuma shekaru shida daga baya ta sami ci gaba zuwa League One, bayan ta kammala ta biyu a League Two a 2016. A shekara ta 2024 an inganta su zuwa gasar zakarun EFL ta hanyar Wasanni kwaikwayo.
[[Fayil:Headington_F.C._1897–98_squad.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kulob din Headington FC da aka harbe daga kakar 1897-98]]
An kafa Oxford United a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1893 a matsayin Headington Football Club a Britannia Inn, Headington a cikin wani taron da likita na gida, Robert Hitchings, ya kira, a matsayin hanyar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Headington Cricket Club za su kula da lafiyarsu a lokacin hutun hunturu. Abokin da ya kafa shi ne Revd John Scott-Tucker, mai kula da Ikilisiyar St. Andrew, wanda aka nada shi shugaban farko na kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kara ma'anar United a cikin 1911 bayan haɗuwa da Headington Quarry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Stephanie |title=Headington United History |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216003555/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |access-date=26 October 2007 |publisher=Headington.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan kwallon kafa na farko da kulob din ya buga shi ne da Cowley Barracks. Headington ba shi da gida na yau da kullun har zuwa 1913, lokacin da suka sami damar siyan filin Wootten a kan titin London, amma an sake gina wannan a 1920, wanda ya tilasta kulob din ya koma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An sami gida na dindindin a 1925, lokacin da suka sayi shafin Manor Ground a kan titin London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da wurin a matsayin filin wasan cricket a lokacin rani, da kuma filin kwallon kafa a cikin hunturu. A shekara ta 1899, shekaru shida bayan da aka kafa su, Headington United ta shiga kungiyar Oxfordshire District League Division na biyu, inda suka fafata har zuwa barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]; an sake sunan Division na biyu da Oxfordshire Junior League bayan sake dawo da kwallon kafa a 1919. A shekara ta 1921, an shigar da kulob din cikin Oxon Senior League .  Lokacin farko ya haɗa da nasara 9-0, tare da takwas daga cikin waɗannan burin da suka fito daga P. Drewitt. Wannan ya kasance rikodin mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasan Oxford ya zira a wasan farko.  A wannan lokacin akwai karamin gasa tare da Cowley FC, wadanda ke da nisan kilomita a kudancin Headington. A lokacin wasan league a Ranar Mayu, alƙalin ya ba da hukunci biyu ga Cowley; magoya baya sun karya tsaro da 'yan wasa da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da alƙalin da aka &quot;ba da kyauta&quot;. Wasan farko na FA Cup da aka buga shi ne a 1931, a kan Hounslow FC a zagaye na farko, wanda ya ƙare a cikin cin nasara 8-2 ga Headington. United ta shafe shekaru biyu a cikin Spartan League a 1947 da 1948, ta kammala ta biyar da ta huɗu bi da bi. A wannan lokacin ne tawagar wasan kurket ta bar Manor kuma ta koma sabon wuri kusa da Cowley Barracks.

=== 1948-1960: Kwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru ===
An fara la'akari da matsawa cikin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin kakar 1948-49. Vic Couling, shugaban kasa a lokacin, ya nemi Headington ya zama memba na sabon Sashe na Biyu a Kudancin Kudancin .  Sauran kungiyoyin da suka yi amfani da su sun hada da Weymouth, Kettering Town da kuma kungiyar Cambridge United ta gaba. Kodayake an jinkirta tsare-tsaren, za a fadada rukunin farko ta kungiyoyi biyu; an zabi Weymouth da Headington. Daga baya aka gano cewa Llanelli yana da kuri'u daya kawai fiye da Headington.&lt;ref name=&quot;Application&quot; /&gt; Lokacin farko na Oxford a Kudancin League ya kasance a 1949, a wannan shekarar da suka zama masu sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauki tsohon dan wasan gaba na farko Harry Thompson a matsayin manajan. A cikin 1950, Headington United ya zama kulob din kwararru na farko a Burtaniya don shigar da fitilu,  kuma ya yi amfani da su a ranar 18 ga Disamba a kan Banbury Spencer.  Da farko sun yi wasa a cikin riguna masu launin orange da shudi, amma sun canza zuwa riguna masu rawaya a kakar 1957-58. Ba a san dalilin canjin ba.

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'''Oxford United Football Club''' (/ˈɒksfərd/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Oxford, Ingila . Kungiyar ta fafata a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na tsarin gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Ingila, amma za ta fafatawa a gasar EFL League One a kakar 2026-27 bayan da aka sauke ta. An kafa shi a matsayin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Headington a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya karbi sunansa na yanzu a shekara ta 1960. An ba shi suna The U's, ya buga wasansa na gida a Filin wasa na Kassam, ya maye gurbin tsohon gidansa na Manor Ground a shekara ta 2001.

Kungiyar ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1962 bayan ta lashe Kungiyar Kwando ta Kudancin, ta kai Sashe na Biyu a shekarar 1968.  Bayan sakewa a shekara ta 1976, tsakanin 1984 da 1986 kulob din ya sami ci gaba a cikin Sashe na Farko, kuma ya lashe Kofin League a shekara ta 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Happy Milk Cup Final Day {{!}} Oxford United Football Club |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2024/april/milk-cup-anniversary |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Oxford ba su iya shiga gasar cin Kofin UEFA ta 1987 ba saboda haramcin UEFA akan kungiyoyin Ingila a gasa ta Turai. Ragewa daga saman jirgin a cikin 1988 ya fara raguwar shekaru 18 wanda ya ga kulob din ya koma Taron a cikin 2006, ya zama masu cin nasara na farko na babban kofin da za a sake shi daga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. Bayan shekaru hudu, Oxford ta koma League Two a cikin 2010 ta hanyar play-offs, kuma shekaru shida daga baya ta sami ci gaba zuwa League One, bayan ta kammala ta biyu a League Two a 2016. A shekara ta 2024 an inganta su zuwa gasar zakarun EFL ta hanyar Wasanni kwaikwayo.
[[Fayil:Headington_F.C._1897–98_squad.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kulob din Headington FC da aka harbe daga kakar 1897-98]]
An kafa Oxford United a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1893 a matsayin Headington Football Club a Britannia Inn, Headington a cikin wani taron da likita na gida, Robert Hitchings, ya kira, a matsayin hanyar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Headington Cricket Club za su kula da lafiyarsu a lokacin hutun hunturu. Abokin da ya kafa shi ne Revd John Scott-Tucker, mai kula da Ikilisiyar St. Andrew, wanda aka nada shi shugaban farko na kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kara ma'anar United a cikin 1911 bayan haɗuwa da Headington Quarry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Stephanie |title=Headington United History |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216003555/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |access-date=26 October 2007 |publisher=Headington.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan kwallon kafa na farko da kulob din ya buga shi ne da Cowley Barracks. Headington ba shi da gida na yau da kullun har zuwa 1913, lokacin da suka sami damar siyan filin Wootten a kan titin London, amma an sake gina wannan a 1920, wanda ya tilasta kulob din ya koma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An sami gida na dindindin a 1925, lokacin da suka sayi shafin Manor Ground a kan titin London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da wurin a matsayin filin wasan cricket a lokacin rani, da kuma filin kwallon kafa a cikin hunturu. A shekara ta 1899, shekaru shida bayan da aka kafa su, Headington United ta shiga kungiyar Oxfordshire District League Division na biyu, inda suka fafata har zuwa barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]; an sake sunan Division na biyu da Oxfordshire Junior League bayan sake dawo da kwallon kafa a 1919. A shekara ta 1921, an shigar da kulob din cikin Oxon Senior League .  Lokacin farko ya haɗa da nasara 9-0, tare da takwas daga cikin waɗannan burin da suka fito daga P. Drewitt. Wannan ya kasance rikodin mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasan Oxford ya zira a wasan farko.  A wannan lokacin akwai karamin gasa tare da Cowley FC, wadanda ke da nisan kilomita a kudancin Headington. A lokacin wasan league a Ranar Mayu, alƙalin ya ba da hukunci biyu ga Cowley; magoya baya sun karya tsaro da 'yan wasa da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da alƙalin da aka &quot;ba da kyauta&quot;. Wasan farko na FA Cup da aka buga shi ne a 1931, a kan Hounslow FC a zagaye na farko, wanda ya ƙare a cikin cin nasara 8-2 ga Headington. United ta shafe shekaru biyu a cikin Spartan League a 1947 da 1948, ta kammala ta biyar da ta huɗu bi da bi. A wannan lokacin ne tawagar wasan kurket ta bar Manor kuma ta koma sabon wuri kusa da Cowley Barracks.

=== 1948-1960: Kwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru ===
An fara la'akari da matsawa cikin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin kakar 1948-49. Vic Couling, shugaban kasa a lokacin, ya nemi Headington ya zama memba na sabon Sashe na Biyu a Kudancin Kudancin .  Sauran kungiyoyin da suka yi amfani da su sun hada da Weymouth, Kettering Town da kuma kungiyar Cambridge United ta gaba. Kodayake an jinkirta tsare-tsaren, za a fadada rukunin farko ta kungiyoyi biyu; an zabi Weymouth da Headington. Daga baya aka gano cewa Llanelli yana da kuri'u daya kawai fiye da Headington.&lt;ref name=&quot;Application&quot; /&gt; Lokacin farko na Oxford a Kudancin League ya kasance a 1949, a wannan shekarar da suka zama masu sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauki tsohon dan wasan gaba na farko Harry Thompson a matsayin manajan. A cikin 1950, Headington United ya zama kulob din kwararru na farko a Burtaniya don shigar da fitilu,  kuma ya yi amfani da su a ranar 18 ga Disamba a kan Banbury Spencer.  Da farko sun yi wasa a cikin riguna masu launin orange da shudi, amma sun canza zuwa riguna masu rawaya a kakar 1957-58. Ba a san dalilin canjin ba.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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'''Oxford United Football Club''' (/ˈɒksfərd/) kungiya ce ta ƙwararrun ƙwallon ƙafa da ke zaune a Oxford, Ingila . Kungiyar ta fafata a Gasar cin kofin EFL, matakin na biyu na tsarin gasar [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta Ingila, amma za ta fafatawa a gasar EFL League One a kakar 2026-27 bayan da aka sauke ta. An kafa shi a matsayin kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Headington a shekara ta 1893, kulob din ya karbi sunansa na yanzu a shekara ta 1960. An ba shi suna The U's, ya buga wasansa na gida a Filin wasa na Kassam, ya maye gurbin tsohon gidansa na Manor Ground a shekara ta 2001.

Kungiyar ta shiga Kungiyar kwallon kafa a 1962 bayan ta lashe Kungiyar Kwando ta Kudancin, ta kai Sashe na Biyu a shekarar 1968.  Bayan sakewa a shekara ta 1976, tsakanin 1984 da 1986 kulob din ya sami ci gaba a cikin Sashe na Farko, kuma ya lashe Kofin League a shekara ta 1986. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Happy Milk Cup Final Day {{!}} Oxford United Football Club |url=https://www.oufc.co.uk/news/2024/april/milk-cup-anniversary |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=www.oufc.co.uk |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Koyaya, Oxford ba su iya shiga gasar cin Kofin UEFA ta 1987 ba saboda haramcin UEFA akan kungiyoyin Ingila a gasa ta Turai. Ragewa daga saman jirgin a cikin 1988 ya fara raguwar shekaru 18 wanda ya ga kulob din ya koma Taron a cikin 2006, ya zama masu cin nasara na farko na babban kofin da za a sake shi daga Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa. Bayan shekaru hudu, Oxford ta koma League Two a cikin 2010 ta hanyar play-offs, kuma shekaru shida daga baya ta sami ci gaba zuwa League One, bayan ta kammala ta biyu a League Two a 2016. A shekara ta 2024 an inganta su zuwa gasar zakarun EFL ta hanyar Wasanni kwaikwayo.
[[Fayil:Headington_F.C._1897–98_squad.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kulob din Headington FC da aka harbe daga kakar 1897-98]]
An kafa Oxford United a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1893 a matsayin Headington Football Club a Britannia Inn, Headington a cikin wani taron da likita na gida, Robert Hitchings, ya kira, a matsayin hanyar da 'yan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Headington Cricket Club za su kula da lafiyarsu a lokacin hutun hunturu. Abokin da ya kafa shi ne Revd John Scott-Tucker, mai kula da Ikilisiyar St. Andrew, wanda aka nada shi shugaban farko na kulob din.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An kara ma'anar United a cikin 1911 bayan haɗuwa da Headington Quarry.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jenkins |first=Stephanie |title=Headington United History |url=http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071216003555/http://www.headington.org.uk/history/misc/oxford_united.htm |archive-date=16 December 2007 |access-date=26 October 2007 |publisher=Headington.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wasan kwallon kafa na farko da kulob din ya buga shi ne da Cowley Barracks. Headington ba shi da gida na yau da kullun har zuwa 1913, lokacin da suka sami damar siyan filin Wootten a kan titin London, amma an sake gina wannan a 1920, wanda ya tilasta kulob din ya koma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An sami gida na dindindin a 1925, lokacin da suka sayi shafin Manor Ground a kan titin London.&lt;ref name=&quot;Headington&quot; /&gt; An yi amfani da wurin a matsayin filin wasan cricket a lokacin rani, da kuma filin kwallon kafa a cikin hunturu. A shekara ta 1899, shekaru shida bayan da aka kafa su, Headington United ta shiga kungiyar Oxfordshire District League Division na biyu, inda suka fafata har zuwa barkewar [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na farko]]; an sake sunan Division na biyu da Oxfordshire Junior League bayan sake dawo da kwallon kafa a 1919. A shekara ta 1921, an shigar da kulob din cikin Oxon Senior League .  Lokacin farko ya haɗa da nasara 9-0, tare da takwas daga cikin waɗannan burin da suka fito daga P. Drewitt. Wannan ya kasance rikodin mafi yawan kwallaye da dan wasan Oxford ya zira a wasan farko.  A wannan lokacin akwai karamin gasa tare da Cowley FC, wadanda ke da nisan kilomita a kudancin Headington. A lokacin wasan league a Ranar Mayu, alƙalin ya ba da hukunci biyu ga Cowley; magoya baya sun karya tsaro da 'yan wasa da suka gabata, wanda ya haifar da alƙalin da aka &quot;ba da kyauta&quot;. Wasan farko na FA Cup da aka buga shi ne a 1931, a kan Hounslow FC a zagaye na farko, wanda ya ƙare a cikin cin nasara 8-2 ga Headington. United ta shafe shekaru biyu a cikin Spartan League a 1947 da 1948, ta kammala ta biyar da ta huɗu bi da bi. A wannan lokacin ne tawagar wasan kurket ta bar Manor kuma ta koma sabon wuri kusa da Cowley Barracks.

=== 1948-1960: Kwallon ƙafa na ƙwararru ===
An fara la'akari da matsawa cikin ƙwallon ƙafa a lokacin kakar 1948-49. Vic Couling, shugaban kasa a lokacin, ya nemi Headington ya zama memba na sabon Sashe na Biyu a Kudancin Kudancin .  Sauran kungiyoyin da suka yi amfani da su sun hada da Weymouth, Kettering Town da kuma kungiyar Cambridge United ta gaba. Kodayake an jinkirta tsare-tsaren, za a fadada rukunin farko ta kungiyoyi biyu; an zabi Weymouth da Headington. Daga baya aka gano cewa Llanelli yana da kuri'u daya kawai fiye da Headington.&lt;ref name=&quot;Application&quot; /&gt; Lokacin farko na Oxford a Kudancin League ya kasance a 1949, a wannan shekarar da suka zama masu sana'a.&lt;ref name=&quot;founded&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Brodetsky |first=Martin |last2=Brunt |first2=Heather |last3=Williams |first3=Chris |last4=Crabtree |first4=David |title=A history of Oxford United Football Club |url=http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0,,10342,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915144006/http://www.oufc.premiumtv.co.uk/page/History/0%2C%2C10342%2C00.html |archive-date=15 September 2007 |access-date=11 September 2007 |publisher=Oxford United}}&lt;/ref&gt; An dauki tsohon dan wasan gaba na farko Harry Thompson a matsayin manajan. A cikin 1950, Headington United ya zama kulob din kwararru na farko a Burtaniya don shigar da fitilu,  kuma ya yi amfani da su a ranar 18 ga Disamba a kan Banbury Spencer.  Da farko sun yi wasa a cikin riguna masu launin orange da shudi, amma sun canza zuwa riguna masu rawaya a kakar 1957-58. Ba a san dalilin canjin ba.

== Manazarta ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aston Shakespeare FC</title>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <comment>An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351706352|Aston Shakespeare F.C.]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4017" sha1="equ44eyhlzn50fwujwxjqw7wjgdwebb" xml:space="preserve">Aston Shakespeare Football Club kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta [[Ingila]] daga Aston, sannan a Warwickshire, Ingila .

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Staffordshire_LXI_SW_map,_surveyed_1887,_published_1889.png|thumb|Taswirar 1889 da ke nuna wuraren kungiyoyin kwallon kafa guda hudu a Aston: Excelsior's Fentham Road (hagu), Aston Unity's Trinity Road (sama a tsakiya), Birmingham C &amp; FC's Aston Lower Grounds (sama dama), Aston Shakespeare's Astón Cross (ƙasa dama).]]
Kungiyar da alama ta dauki sunanta daga Shakespeare Inn a kusa da Park Lane; wani lokacin ana fassara sunan a matsayin '''Aston Shakspeare''' . Wasan farko da Shakespeare ya rubuta shi ne 2-1 a Aston Victoria a shekara ta 1879. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=12 November 1879 |title=Victoria v Aston Shakespeare |journal=Midland Athlete}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalin Garvey sun kasance sanannun a cikin kulob din; Fred Garvey ya kasance sakataren kulob din da ke da alaƙa, Thomas da William dukansu sun buga wa kulob din wasa tun daga asalinsa, kuma Bat Garvey ya buga wa kulobin wasa tun yana da shekaru 14 a 1879, kuma a cikin 1880s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=9 February 1881 |title=Secretaries' addresses |journal=Midland Athlete |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 February 1881 |title=Aston Shakespeare v Aston Globe |journal=Midland Athlete |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai jita-jita cewa kulob din ya rabu a 1883, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=3 January 1883 |title=What has become of the Aston Shakespeare? |journal=Midland Athlete |page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma ya kasance wanda aka fara azabtar da satar shaida, yayin da rahotanni na rabuwar suka shafi &quot;wasu daga cikin yaran da ke wasa a wasu wuraren sharar gida kusa da Aston Park [waɗanda] ke kiran kansu Shakespeare&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garvey |first=T |date=24 January 1883 |title=To the editor of the Athlete |journal=Midland Athlete |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[who] Astonians sun fara shiga gasar cin kofin Birmingham a 1884-85, inda suka doke Asbury 7-1 a gida a zagaye na farko, amma suka rasa 9-1, kuma a gida, ga Walsall Town a karo na biyu.

=== Takaitaccen sanarwa ===
1887-88 ya zama babban alamar ruwa ta kulob din a gasa. A karo daya da aka yi a tarihinta, kulob din ya taka leda a manyan zagaye na FA Cup, bayan da aka shigar da shi don gasar 1886-87 bayan an buga shi da wuri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 September 1886 |title=Association Challenge Cup |journal=Birmingham Mail |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na farko, an jawo kulob din don buga Burton Wanderers, amma alamar matsalolin kulob din ta nuna ta hanyar taron da ya kasance 1,500 kawai;  a wannan matakin, 2,000 sun kasance a Small Heath, 3,000 a Oldbury Town, kuma kusan 5,000 a Walsall Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=17 October 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakespeareans sun ci kwallaye biyu ga masu kyau a rabin lokaci, amma sun rasa 3-2 godiya ga kwallaye guda biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=match report |journal=Lichfield Mercury |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, bayan zanga-zangar, Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta ba da umarnin sake buga wasan; FA ta amince da zanga-zambe 16 daban-daban a wannan matakin game da cancantar 'yan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=Decisions as to Protests |journal=Yorkshire Herald |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maimakon komawa Aston Cross, Wanderers sun yi tsalle daga gasar, kuma sun buga wasan sada zumunci mafi riba da Derby St Luke's a maimakon haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 October 1887 |title=report |journal=The Sportsman |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka Bards sun shirya abokantaka tare da Sutton Coldfield, wanda ya kasance wasan Shakespeare &quot;mai tsanani&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=25 October 1887 |title=Midland notes |journal=Athletic News |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na biyu, an fitar da kulob din a Wolverhampton Wanderers, kuma duk da cewa an rage Wolves zuwa mutane 10 a rabi na biyu, Shakespeare ya fita da kwallaye uku zuwa zero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 November 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
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      <id>828673</id>
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        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="4034" sha1="s4b445646hcixu4qzp8h09snrzxq5fb" xml:space="preserve">Aston Shakespeare Football Club kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta [[Ingila]] daga Aston, sannan a Warwickshire, Ingila .

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Staffordshire_LXI_SW_map,_surveyed_1887,_published_1889.png|thumb|Taswirar 1889 da ke nuna wuraren kungiyoyin kwallon kafa guda hudu a Aston: Excelsior's Fentham Road (hagu), Aston Unity's Trinity Road (sama a tsakiya), Birmingham C &amp; FC's Aston Lower Grounds (sama dama), Aston Shakespeare's Astón Cross (ƙasa dama).]]
Kungiyar da alama ta dauki sunanta daga Shakespeare Inn a kusa da Park Lane; wani lokacin ana fassara sunan a matsayin '''Aston Shakspeare''' . Wasan farko da Shakespeare ya rubuta shi ne 2-1 a Aston Victoria a shekara ta 1879. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=12 November 1879 |title=Victoria v Aston Shakespeare |journal=Midland Athlete}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalin Garvey sun kasance sanannun a cikin kulob din; Fred Garvey ya kasance sakataren kulob din da ke da alaƙa, Thomas da William dukansu sun buga wa kulob din wasa tun daga asalinsa, kuma Bat Garvey ya buga wa kulobin wasa tun yana da shekaru 14 a 1879, kuma a cikin 1880s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=9 February 1881 |title=Secretaries' addresses |journal=Midland Athlete |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 February 1881 |title=Aston Shakespeare v Aston Globe |journal=Midland Athlete |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai jita-jita cewa kulob din ya rabu a 1883, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=3 January 1883 |title=What has become of the Aston Shakespeare? |journal=Midland Athlete |page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma ya kasance wanda aka fara azabtar da satar shaida, yayin da rahotanni na rabuwar suka shafi &quot;wasu daga cikin yaran da ke wasa a wasu wuraren sharar gida kusa da Aston Park [waɗanda] ke kiran kansu Shakespeare&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garvey |first=T |date=24 January 1883 |title=To the editor of the Athlete |journal=Midland Athlete |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[who] Astonians sun fara shiga gasar cin kofin Birmingham a 1884-85, inda suka doke Asbury 7-1 a gida a zagaye na farko, amma suka rasa 9-1, kuma a gida, ga Walsall Town a karo na biyu.

=== Takaitaccen sanarwa ===
1887-88 ya zama babban alamar ruwa ta kulob din a gasa. A karo daya da aka yi a tarihinta, kulob din ya taka leda a manyan zagaye na FA Cup, bayan da aka shigar da shi don gasar 1886-87 bayan an buga shi da wuri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 September 1886 |title=Association Challenge Cup |journal=Birmingham Mail |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na farko, an jawo kulob din don buga Burton Wanderers, amma alamar matsalolin kulob din ta nuna ta hanyar taron da ya kasance 1,500 kawai;  a wannan matakin, 2,000 sun kasance a Small Heath, 3,000 a Oldbury Town, kuma kusan 5,000 a Walsall Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=17 October 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakespeareans sun ci kwallaye biyu ga masu kyau a rabin lokaci, amma sun rasa 3-2 godiya ga kwallaye guda biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=match report |journal=Lichfield Mercury |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, bayan zanga-zangar, Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta ba da umarnin sake buga wasan; FA ta amince da zanga-zambe 16 daban-daban a wannan matakin game da cancantar 'yan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=Decisions as to Protests |journal=Yorkshire Herald |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maimakon komawa Aston Cross, Wanderers sun yi tsalle daga gasar, kuma sun buga wasan sada zumunci mafi riba da Derby St Luke's a maimakon haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 October 1887 |title=report |journal=The Sportsman |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka Bards sun shirya abokantaka tare da Sutton Coldfield, wanda ya kasance wasan Shakespeare &quot;mai tsanani&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=25 October 1887 |title=Midland notes |journal=Athletic News |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na biyu, an fitar da kulob din a Wolverhampton Wanderers, kuma duk da cewa an rage Wolves zuwa mutane 10 a rabi na biyu, Shakespeare ya fita da kwallaye uku zuwa zero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 November 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>828674</id>
      <parentid>828673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T09:59:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828674</origin>
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      <text bytes="4040" sha1="j8n8ugtzmjua37cpjhb0onaigcj7d7c" xml:space="preserve">'''Aston Shakespeare Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta [[Ingila]] daga Aston, sannan a Warwickshire, Ingila .

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Staffordshire_LXI_SW_map,_surveyed_1887,_published_1889.png|thumb|Taswirar 1889 da ke nuna wuraren kungiyoyin kwallon kafa guda hudu a Aston: Excelsior's Fentham Road (hagu), Aston Unity's Trinity Road (sama a tsakiya), Birmingham C &amp; FC's Aston Lower Grounds (sama dama), Aston Shakespeare's Astón Cross (ƙasa dama).]]
Kungiyar da alama ta dauki sunanta daga Shakespeare Inn a kusa da Park Lane; wani lokacin ana fassara sunan a matsayin '''Aston Shakspeare''' . Wasan farko da Shakespeare ya rubuta shi ne 2-1 a Aston Victoria a shekara ta 1879. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=12 November 1879 |title=Victoria v Aston Shakespeare |journal=Midland Athlete}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalin Garvey sun kasance sanannun a cikin kulob din; Fred Garvey ya kasance sakataren kulob din da ke da alaƙa, Thomas da William dukansu sun buga wa kulob din wasa tun daga asalinsa, kuma Bat Garvey ya buga wa kulobin wasa tun yana da shekaru 14 a 1879, kuma a cikin 1880s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=9 February 1881 |title=Secretaries' addresses |journal=Midland Athlete |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 February 1881 |title=Aston Shakespeare v Aston Globe |journal=Midland Athlete |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai jita-jita cewa kulob din ya rabu a 1883, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=3 January 1883 |title=What has become of the Aston Shakespeare? |journal=Midland Athlete |page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma ya kasance wanda aka fara azabtar da satar shaida, yayin da rahotanni na rabuwar suka shafi &quot;wasu daga cikin yaran da ke wasa a wasu wuraren sharar gida kusa da Aston Park [waɗanda] ke kiran kansu Shakespeare&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garvey |first=T |date=24 January 1883 |title=To the editor of the Athlete |journal=Midland Athlete |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[who] Astonians sun fara shiga gasar cin kofin Birmingham a 1884-85, inda suka doke Asbury 7-1 a gida a zagaye na farko, amma suka rasa 9-1, kuma a gida, ga Walsall Town a karo na biyu.

=== Takaitaccen sanarwa ===
1887-88 ya zama babban alamar ruwa ta kulob din a gasa. A karo daya da aka yi a tarihinta, kulob din ya taka leda a manyan zagaye na FA Cup, bayan da aka shigar da shi don gasar 1886-87 bayan an buga shi da wuri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 September 1886 |title=Association Challenge Cup |journal=Birmingham Mail |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na farko, an jawo kulob din don buga Burton Wanderers, amma alamar matsalolin kulob din ta nuna ta hanyar taron da ya kasance 1,500 kawai;  a wannan matakin, 2,000 sun kasance a Small Heath, 3,000 a Oldbury Town, kuma kusan 5,000 a Walsall Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=17 October 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakespeareans sun ci kwallaye biyu ga masu kyau a rabin lokaci, amma sun rasa 3-2 godiya ga kwallaye guda biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=match report |journal=Lichfield Mercury |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, bayan zanga-zangar, Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta ba da umarnin sake buga wasan; FA ta amince da zanga-zambe 16 daban-daban a wannan matakin game da cancantar 'yan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=Decisions as to Protests |journal=Yorkshire Herald |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maimakon komawa Aston Cross, Wanderers sun yi tsalle daga gasar, kuma sun buga wasan sada zumunci mafi riba da Derby St Luke's a maimakon haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 October 1887 |title=report |journal=The Sportsman |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka Bards sun shirya abokantaka tare da Sutton Coldfield, wanda ya kasance wasan Shakespeare &quot;mai tsanani&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=25 October 1887 |title=Midland notes |journal=Athletic News |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na biyu, an fitar da kulob din a Wolverhampton Wanderers, kuma duk da cewa an rage Wolves zuwa mutane 10 a rabi na biyu, Shakespeare ya fita da kwallaye uku zuwa zero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 November 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>j8n8ugtzmjua37cpjhb0onaigcj7d7c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>828675</id>
      <parentid>828674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T09:59:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>828675</origin>
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      <text bytes="4044" sha1="gkqp991yrfzcgl00oxbuz6y1vo9e58f" xml:space="preserve">'''Aston Shakespeare Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta [[Ingila]] daga Aston, sannan a Warwickshire, [[Ingila]] .

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Staffordshire_LXI_SW_map,_surveyed_1887,_published_1889.png|thumb|Taswirar 1889 da ke nuna wuraren kungiyoyin kwallon kafa guda hudu a Aston: Excelsior's Fentham Road (hagu), Aston Unity's Trinity Road (sama a tsakiya), Birmingham C &amp; FC's Aston Lower Grounds (sama dama), Aston Shakespeare's Astón Cross (ƙasa dama).]]
Kungiyar da alama ta dauki sunanta daga Shakespeare Inn a kusa da Park Lane; wani lokacin ana fassara sunan a matsayin '''Aston Shakspeare''' . Wasan farko da Shakespeare ya rubuta shi ne 2-1 a Aston Victoria a shekara ta 1879. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=12 November 1879 |title=Victoria v Aston Shakespeare |journal=Midland Athlete}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalin Garvey sun kasance sanannun a cikin kulob din; Fred Garvey ya kasance sakataren kulob din da ke da alaƙa, Thomas da William dukansu sun buga wa kulob din wasa tun daga asalinsa, kuma Bat Garvey ya buga wa kulobin wasa tun yana da shekaru 14 a 1879, kuma a cikin 1880s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=9 February 1881 |title=Secretaries' addresses |journal=Midland Athlete |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 February 1881 |title=Aston Shakespeare v Aston Globe |journal=Midland Athlete |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai jita-jita cewa kulob din ya rabu a 1883, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=3 January 1883 |title=What has become of the Aston Shakespeare? |journal=Midland Athlete |page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma ya kasance wanda aka fara azabtar da satar shaida, yayin da rahotanni na rabuwar suka shafi &quot;wasu daga cikin yaran da ke wasa a wasu wuraren sharar gida kusa da Aston Park [waɗanda] ke kiran kansu Shakespeare&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garvey |first=T |date=24 January 1883 |title=To the editor of the Athlete |journal=Midland Athlete |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[who] Astonians sun fara shiga gasar cin kofin Birmingham a 1884-85, inda suka doke Asbury 7-1 a gida a zagaye na farko, amma suka rasa 9-1, kuma a gida, ga Walsall Town a karo na biyu.

=== Takaitaccen sanarwa ===
1887-88 ya zama babban alamar ruwa ta kulob din a gasa. A karo daya da aka yi a tarihinta, kulob din ya taka leda a manyan zagaye na FA Cup, bayan da aka shigar da shi don gasar 1886-87 bayan an buga shi da wuri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 September 1886 |title=Association Challenge Cup |journal=Birmingham Mail |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na farko, an jawo kulob din don buga Burton Wanderers, amma alamar matsalolin kulob din ta nuna ta hanyar taron da ya kasance 1,500 kawai;  a wannan matakin, 2,000 sun kasance a Small Heath, 3,000 a Oldbury Town, kuma kusan 5,000 a Walsall Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=17 October 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakespeareans sun ci kwallaye biyu ga masu kyau a rabin lokaci, amma sun rasa 3-2 godiya ga kwallaye guda biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=match report |journal=Lichfield Mercury |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, bayan zanga-zangar, Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta ba da umarnin sake buga wasan; FA ta amince da zanga-zambe 16 daban-daban a wannan matakin game da cancantar 'yan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=Decisions as to Protests |journal=Yorkshire Herald |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maimakon komawa Aston Cross, Wanderers sun yi tsalle daga gasar, kuma sun buga wasan sada zumunci mafi riba da Derby St Luke's a maimakon haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 October 1887 |title=report |journal=The Sportsman |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka Bards sun shirya abokantaka tare da Sutton Coldfield, wanda ya kasance wasan Shakespeare &quot;mai tsanani&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=25 October 1887 |title=Midland notes |journal=Athletic News |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na biyu, an fitar da kulob din a Wolverhampton Wanderers, kuma duk da cewa an rage Wolves zuwa mutane 10 a rabi na biyu, Shakespeare ya fita da kwallaye uku zuwa zero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 November 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
      <sha1>gkqp991yrfzcgl00oxbuz6y1vo9e58f</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>828676</id>
      <parentid>828675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T10:01:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pharouqenr</username>
        <id>25549</id>
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      <text bytes="4057" sha1="mkumszz801fj6546g20ieq98h8605w2" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}

'''Aston Shakespeare Football Club''' kungiya ce ta [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|kwallon kafa]] ta [[Ingila]] daga Aston, sannan a Warwickshire, [[Ingila]] .

== Tarihi ==
[[Fayil:Staffordshire_LXI_SW_map,_surveyed_1887,_published_1889.png|thumb|Taswirar 1889 da ke nuna wuraren kungiyoyin kwallon kafa guda hudu a Aston: Excelsior's Fentham Road (hagu), Aston Unity's Trinity Road (sama a tsakiya), Birmingham C &amp; FC's Aston Lower Grounds (sama dama), Aston Shakespeare's Astón Cross (ƙasa dama).]]
Kungiyar da alama ta dauki sunanta daga Shakespeare Inn a kusa da Park Lane; wani lokacin ana fassara sunan a matsayin '''Aston Shakspeare''' . Wasan farko da Shakespeare ya rubuta shi ne 2-1 a Aston Victoria a shekara ta 1879. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=12 November 1879 |title=Victoria v Aston Shakespeare |journal=Midland Athlete}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyalin Garvey sun kasance sanannun a cikin kulob din; Fred Garvey ya kasance sakataren kulob din da ke da alaƙa, Thomas da William dukansu sun buga wa kulob din wasa tun daga asalinsa, kuma Bat Garvey ya buga wa kulobin wasa tun yana da shekaru 14 a 1879, kuma a cikin 1880s.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=9 February 1881 |title=Secretaries' addresses |journal=Midland Athlete |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2 February 1881 |title=Aston Shakespeare v Aston Globe |journal=Midland Athlete |page=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwai jita-jita cewa kulob din ya rabu a 1883, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=3 January 1883 |title=What has become of the Aston Shakespeare? |journal=Midland Athlete |page=12}}&lt;/ref&gt; amma ya kasance wanda aka fara azabtar da satar shaida, yayin da rahotanni na rabuwar suka shafi &quot;wasu daga cikin yaran da ke wasa a wasu wuraren sharar gida kusa da Aston Park [waɗanda] ke kiran kansu Shakespeare&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Garvey |first=T |date=24 January 1883 |title=To the editor of the Athlete |journal=Midland Athlete |page=18}}&lt;/ref&gt;[who] Astonians sun fara shiga gasar cin kofin Birmingham a 1884-85, inda suka doke Asbury 7-1 a gida a zagaye na farko, amma suka rasa 9-1, kuma a gida, ga Walsall Town a karo na biyu.

=== Takaitaccen sanarwa ===
1887-88 ya zama babban alamar ruwa ta kulob din a gasa. A karo daya da aka yi a tarihinta, kulob din ya taka leda a manyan zagaye na FA Cup, bayan da aka shigar da shi don gasar 1886-87 bayan an buga shi da wuri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 September 1886 |title=Association Challenge Cup |journal=Birmingham Mail |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na farko, an jawo kulob din don buga Burton Wanderers, amma alamar matsalolin kulob din ta nuna ta hanyar taron da ya kasance 1,500 kawai;  a wannan matakin, 2,000 sun kasance a Small Heath, 3,000 a Oldbury Town, kuma kusan 5,000 a Walsall Town.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=17 October 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shakespeareans sun ci kwallaye biyu ga masu kyau a rabin lokaci, amma sun rasa 3-2 godiya ga kwallaye guda biyu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=match report |journal=Lichfield Mercury |page=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Koyaya, bayan zanga-zangar, Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta ba da umarnin sake buga wasan; FA ta amince da zanga-zambe 16 daban-daban a wannan matakin game da cancantar 'yan wasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=21 October 1887 |title=Decisions as to Protests |journal=Yorkshire Herald |page=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maimakon komawa Aston Cross, Wanderers sun yi tsalle daga gasar, kuma sun buga wasan sada zumunci mafi riba da Derby St Luke's a maimakon haka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=26 October 1887 |title=report |journal=The Sportsman |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saboda haka Bards sun shirya abokantaka tare da Sutton Coldfield, wanda ya kasance wasan Shakespeare &quot;mai tsanani&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=25 October 1887 |title=Midland notes |journal=Athletic News |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zagaye na biyu, an fitar da kulob din a Wolverhampton Wanderers, kuma duk da cewa an rage Wolves zuwa mutane 10 a rabi na biyu, Shakespeare ya fita da kwallaye uku zuwa zero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=7 November 1887 |title=report |journal=Birmingham Daily Post |page=7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manazarta ==</text>
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