Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Midiya Musamman Tattaunawa User Tattaunawar user Wikipedia Tattaunawar Wikipedia Fayil Tattaunawar fayil MediaWiki Tattaunawar MediaWiki Samfuri Tattaunawar samfuri Taimako Tattaunawar taimako Rukuni Tattaunawar rukuni TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2607 885156 785909 2026-07-20T10:35:25Z Malamiro 14205 /* */ 885156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ɗanmaraya Jos''' yana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun [[mawaƙa]] a ƙasar hausa.<ref>Furniss,Graham (1996). ''Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa.p.10''</ref>. == Tarihi == An haifi Adamu Ɗanmaraya Jos a shekarar 1946 a garin <nowiki>[[Bukuru]]</nowiki>, Jihar Filato. Bayan rasuwar iyayensa, aka fara kiransa da Ɗanmaraya, wato wanda mahaifinsa ya rasu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.myrhythm.com/danmarayajos.htm |access-date=2009-08-16 |archive-date=2009-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214210833/http://myrhythm.com/danmarayajos.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.gumel.com/hausa/wakoki/wakoki.htm</ref>Ɗanmaraya ya kuma yi suna ƙwarai a arewacin [[Najeriya|Najeriya,]] Nijar, Ghana da Kamaru. Yawancin waƙoƙinsa suna bayani ne a kan al'amurra na yau da kullum a ƙasar Hausa.Ya rasu a ranar Asabar, 20 ga Yuni, 2015.<ref name=pulse>{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/local/dan-maraya-jos-hausa-music-legend-dies-at-69-id3890561.html|title=Dan Maraya Jos: Hausa music legend dies at 69|first='Jola|last=Sotubo|access-date=26 October 2018}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Waƙoƙi == Wasu waƙoƙinsa su ne: {| class="wikitable" |+ !s/n !WaƘoƘi ! ! |- |1 |Auren Dole | | |- |2 |Gangar Ciki | | |- |3 |Ɗan'adam | |} #Talakawa #Mai Akwai Da Babu #Waƙar Sana'a #Gangar Malamai #Siyasa #Haƙuri #Malalaci #Duniya #Ina Ruwan Wani Da Wani #Ishara #Waƙar Aure #Bob Guy #Karen Mato == Littattafai == * Furniss, Graham. (1996). ''Poetry, prose and popular culture in Hausa''. International African Institute. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press for the International African Institute. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4744-6829-9</nowiki>. OCLC 648578425. *''The Sokoto Caliphate : history and legacies, 1804-2004''. Bobboyi, H., Yakubu, Mahmood. (1st ed ed.). Kaduna, Nigeria: Arewa House. 2006. <nowiki>ISBN 978-135-166-7</nowiki>. OCLC 156890366. *Smaldone, Joseph P. (1977). ''Warfare in the Sokoto Caliphate : historical and sociological perspectivesISBN0-521-21069-0OCLC2371710'' ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[category:Mutuwan 2015]] [[category:Haifaffun 1946]] 16ozdt1dj3kqd0f61g15ixvsqk7mvd9 0 3045 884911 884842 2026-07-19T13:08:51Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 884911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yam_at_monday_market_kaduna_state_01.jpg|thumb|Farin doya iri-iri, Dioscorea rotundata a cikin kasuwar ranar litinin a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], Najeriya]] [[Fayil:YamsatBrixtonMarket.jpg|thumb|Fararen doya a kasuwar dillalai a Brixton, Ingila, 2004]] '''Doya''' ita ce sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga wasu nau'ikan abinci a cikin halittar ''Dioscorea'' (iyalin Dioscoreaceae ) waɗanda ke samar da tubers masu cin abinci (wasu nau'ikan a cikin halittar suna da guba). Doya itace inabi ne [[Shuka mai Shekaru|masu]] daɗaɗɗen ganye waɗanda aka noma a Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka kuma ana noma su don cin ganyen sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]] . Tushen da kansu, waɗanda kuma ake kira "doya", suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Dumont, R.; Vernier, P. (2000). "Domestication of yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin". Outlook on Agriculture D.E. (1987). Root Crops. London, UK: Tropical Development and Research Institute.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. <ref>Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (14 June 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113 odoi:10.1073/pnas.1522714113. PMC 4914162. <nowiki>PMID 27247383</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Beaujard, Philippe (August 2011). "The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence" (PDF). Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142. S2CID 55763047.</ref><ref>Bevacqua, Robert F. (1994). "Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study" (PDF). HortScience. 29 (11): 1226–1229. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226.</ref><ref>White, L.D. (2003). "Uhi". Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi.</ref><ref>Schultz, G.E. (1993). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera, Air potato". Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2006.</ref><ref>Zulu, Donald; Ellis, Richard H.; Culham, Alastair (25 January 2019). "Collection, Consumption, and Sale of Lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora) — a Wild Yam — by Rural Households in Southern Province, Zambia". == Bayani == [[Fayil:കാച്ചിൽ-കിഴങ്ങ്.JPG|thumb|Doya]] Doya, wadda take da alaƙa da furannin fure da ciyawa, ciyawa ce mai ƙarfi, tana girma inabin inabi [[Shuka mai Shekaru|na tsawon lokaci]] daga buro . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}</ref> An san wasu nau'ikan doya 870, <ref name="cabi" /> kaɗan daga cikinsu ana noma su sosai don buroshinsu masu cin abinci amma wasu kuma suna da guba (kamar ''D. communis'' ).<ref>Zulu, D.; Ellis, R. H.; Culham, A. (2020). "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication". Experimental Agriculture. 56 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/S0014479720000083. S2CID 216212360.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith; Oduro, Ibok (2021). Yams: Botany, Production and Uses. Oxford: CABI. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78924-927-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Linus Opara (2003). "YAMS: Post-Harvest Operation" (PDF).</ref><ref>"Yam production in 2019". Crops/Regions/World/Production Quantity. FAOSTAT, Statistics Division of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</ref><ref>Dioscorea dumetorum: Useful Tropical Plants</ref><ref>Jesus, M.; Martins, A. P; Gallardo, E.; Silvestre, S. (2016). "Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/4156293. PMC 5225340. <nowiki>PMID 28116217</nowiki>. Shuke-shuken doya na iya girma har zuwa {{Convert|15|m|ft|-1}} a tsayi da {{Convert|7|to|15|cm|in}} . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tushen zai iya girma zuwa ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} zurfi. <ref name="cabi" /> Shuke-shuken yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar iri . <ref name="cabi" /><ref>Oke, O.L. (1990). Redhead, J.; Hussain, M.A. (eds.). Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102862-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2008.</ref><ref>Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition - Nutritive value". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> Tushen da ake ci yana da fata mai kauri wadda take da wahalar barewa amma tana da laushi idan aka dafa ta. Fatar ta bambanta a launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Yawancin nama, ko nama, na kayan lambu sun ƙunshi wani abu mai laushi wanda ya bambanta daga fari ko rawaya zuwa shunayya ko ruwan hoda a cikin doya mai girma.<ref>"Kwashiorkor (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition)". Tropical Medicine Central Resource. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Sunan "yam" ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga harshen Portugal ''inhame'' ko [[Canarian Mutanen Espanya|Canarian Spanish]] ''ñame'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Yammacin Afirka]] a lokacin ciniki. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Portuguese, wannan sunan yawanci yana nufin shukar [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) daga nau'in ''Colocasia'', sabanin ''Dioscorea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Inhame dos Açores |url=https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/outros-produtos-vegetais/771-inhame-dos-acores |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sabores dos Açores: Inhame |url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/sabores-dos-acores-inhame/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Clube Vinhos Portugueses]]}}</ref><ref>United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1</nowiki>. <nowiki>PMID 30844154</nowiki>. NCBI NBK545428.</ref><ref>Uwaegbute, Osho and Obatolu (1998). Postharvest technology and commodity marketing: Proceedings of a postharvest conference. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-131-111-6</nowiki>.</ref> Manyan abubuwan da aka samo daga fi'ili suna da ma'anar "cin abinci". Doya na gaske suna da sunaye daban-daban gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> A wasu wurare, wasu kayan lambu (marasa alaƙa) ana kiransu da "yams", waɗanda suka haɗa da: <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A Amurka, [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] ( ''Ipomoea batatas'' ), musamman waɗanda ke da naman lemu, galibi ana kiransu da "yams" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |website=LOC.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Research Service |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002720/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> * A Ostiraliya, ƙwayar ''Microseris walteri'', ko kuma yam daisy, abinci ne na asali ga [['Yan asalin Australiya|'yan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya]] a wasu yankuna. * A New Zealand, ana kiran oca ( ''Oxalis tuberosa'' ) da "yam". <ref name="jsfa">{{Cite journal |last=Albihn, P.B.E. |last2=Savage, G.P. |date=18 June 2001 |title=The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand-grown oca (''Oxalis tuberosa'' Mol) |journal=[[Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture]] |volume=81 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1033 |bibcode=2001JSFA...81.1027A |doi=10.1002/jsfa.890}}</ref> * A [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) ana kiransa "yam". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lam |first=Lim Chin |title=I yam not taro |url=http://thestar.com.my/english/story.asp?file=/2010/7/16/lifefocus/6651716&sec=lifefocus |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> * A Afirka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da kuma tsibiran Pacific masu zafi, ana noma ''Amorphophallus paeonifolius'' kuma ana kiransa da "ƙafar giwa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santosa |first=Edi |last2=Lian |first2=Chun Lan |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Nobuo |last4=Misra |first4=Raj Shekhar |last5=Boonkorkaew |first5=Patchareeya |last6=Thanomchit |first6=Kanokwan |last7=Chiang |first7=Tzen-Yuh |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2017 |title=Population structure of elephant foot yams (''Amorphophallus paeoniifolius'' (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=6 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1280000S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180000 |pmc=5489206 |pmid=28658282 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Doya ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An yi kiwon nau'ikan guda uku daban-daban a waɗannan nahiyoyi: ''D. rotundata'' (Afirka), ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' (Asiya), da kuma ''D.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>trifida'' (Kudancin Amurka). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nora Scarcelli |display-authors=etal |date=1 May 2019 |title=Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication |journal=[[Science Advances]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.1947S |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947 |pmc=6527260 |pmid=31114806 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>"Undernutrition". The Merck Manual: The Home Health Handbook. 2010.</ref><ref>OB Izekor; MI Olumese (December 2010). "Determinants of yam production and profitability in Edo State, Nigeria" (PDF). African Journal of General Agriculture. 6 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017.</ref><ref>Yam, raw nutrition facts and analysis". www.nutritionvalue.org. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nutrient data laboratory". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref><ref>Roots, Tubers, and Plantains in Food Security: In Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102782-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == Wasu doya tsire-tsire ne masu cin zarafi, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa a wajen wuraren da aka noma. <ref>Robertson, Gordon; Lupien, John (2008). "Minimizing Postharvest Losses in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): Treatments and Techniques". Using food science and technology to improve nutrition and promote national development: Selected case studies. International Union of Food Science & Technology. S2CID 107695924.</ref><ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>Sam, Christopher (1 May 2021). "Food and culture: A case study of Ghana's Etor/Otor (Recipe Included)". TheAfricanDream. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nweke, Felix; Aidoo, Robert; Okoye, Benjamin (July 2013). "Yam Consumption Patterns in West Africa". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2017.</ref> == Noma == [[Fayil:Kaachil_cut.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya da aka girbe sabo ( ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' ) an yanka shi don giciye-sashe]] Ana noma doya don cin ƙwayar sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]], musamman a Yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], Asiya, da [[Osheniya|Oceania]] . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Kimanin kashi 95% na amfanin gonakin doya ana noma su ne a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Everyday Mysteries: Yam |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |publisher=Library of Congress, United States of America}}</ref><ref>Mavis, Meals by (1 January 2022). "Yam Eto (Ghanaian Mashed Yams)". Meals by Mavis. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Osinkolu, Lola (27 August 2021). "YAM | TRUE YAM | AFRICAN YAM". Chef Lola's Kitchen. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>TRT Global - Nigeria: How New Yam Festival keeps Igbo's rooted traditions alive". trt.global. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Gonar doya tana farawa ne lokacin da aka dasa dukkan tsaba ko sassan tubers a cikin tuddai ko tuddai, a farkon lokacin damina. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan yadda da kuma inda aka shuka sets ɗin, girman tuddai, tazarar tsakanin tsirrai, samar da sandunan da aka shuka, nau'in doya, da girman tubers da ake so a lokacin girbi. Ƙananan manoma a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka galibi [[wiktionary:intercrop|suna haɗa]] doya da hatsi da kayan lambu. Doya iri suna da lalacewa kuma suna da yawa don jigilar su. Manoma waɗanda ba su sayi sabbin doya iri ba galibi suna ware har zuwa kashi 30% na girbin su don shuka a shekara mai zuwa. Gonar doya tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma nematodes . Girman su da lokacin barcin su sun yi daidai da lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Don yawan amfanin gona, doya suna buƙatar yanayi mai danshi na wurare masu zafi, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da {{Convert|1500|mm|in|0}} suna rarrabawa daidai gwargwado a duk lokacin girma. Doya fari, rawaya, da ruwa yawanci suna samar da babban buro ɗaya a kowace shekara, gabaɗaya suna da nauyin {{Convert|5|to|10|kg|lb|0}} . <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> Doya tana fama da ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka. <ref name="Solomon" /> Akwai wani da ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' ke haifarwa wanda ya bazu ko'ina a yankunan da ke girma a duniya. <ref name="Solomon" /> Winch ''et al.'', 1984 sun gano ''C.&nbsp;gloeosporioides'' yana shafar adadi mai yawa na ''Dioscorea'' spp.<ref>El cultivo de ñame en el Caribe colombiano". Banco de la República, Colombia. 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>More Than a Trend: The History of Ube and What It Means to the Filipino People". Kapwa Gardens. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Yam Root Dye</ref><ref>Singh, K.K. and Kaushal Kumar. Ethnobotanical wisdom of Gaddi tribe in Western Himalaya. 2000. p.18.</ref><ref>Rana, M., Kabra, A., Kabra, R., Rana, M. and Dhatwalia, V. 2015. Plant Species used by locals as Ethano - Medicine in Gohar Tehsil, Distt. Mandi Region of North Western Himalaya. Archived 7 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine PharmaTutor. 3, 4 (Apr. 2015), 47-52.</ref> Duk da yawan buƙatun ma'aikata da farashin samarwa, buƙatar masu amfani da doya tana da yawa a wasu yankuna na Afirka, <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> wanda hakan ya sa noman doya ya zama mai riba ga wasu manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PubMed Central (PMC) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=PubMed Central (PMC) |language=en}}</ref><ref>Rajendra, Gupta (1993). "Conservation and utilization of Indian Medicinal Plants". Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 6 (2). ISSN 0971-8184. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref><ref>Naleba, Mere (25 April 2015). "Million dollar aim". The Fiji Times Online. Retrieved 1 June 2017.</ref><ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (12): 3349–3350. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.3349M. doi:10.1021/ja01869a023.</ref> === Manyan nau'ikan da aka noma === Ana samun nau'ikan doya da yawa da aka noma a ''Dioscorea'' a ko'ina cikin wurare masu zafi masu danshi. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An tattauna waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki a ƙasa. <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCalverly1998">Calverly (1998). [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm "Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics"]. United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</cite></ref> Tumatur waɗanda ba na ''Dioscorea'' ba waɗanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihi a Afirka sun haɗa da ''[[Tumuƙu|Plectranthus rotundifolius]]'' (dankalin Hausa) da ''[[Rizga|P. esculentus]]'' (dankalin Livingstone); waɗannan amfanin gona guda biyu yanzu an mayar da su baya sosai ta hanyar gabatar da [[rogo]].<ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Djerassi, C. (December 1992). "Steroid Research at Syntex: "The Pill" and Cortisone". Steroids. 57 (12): 631–641. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90016-3. PMC 1294257. <nowiki>PMID 1481227</nowiki>. S2CID 5933910.</ref><ref>Liu MJ, Wang Z, Ju Y, Wong RN, Wu QY (2005). "Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 55 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1007/s00280-004-0849-3. <nowiki>PMID 15372201</nowiki>. S2CID 11779821.</ref><ref>"Roots, Tubers, Plantains and Bananas in Human Nutrition". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Acknowledgments, preface, introduction, origins, and distribution.</ref> ==== ''D. cayensis'' ==== Doya mai launin rawaya, ''[[Doyar kudu|D. cayensis]]'', da kuma farin doya, <nowiki><i id="mwARQ">D. cayensis</i></nowiki> subsp. <nowiki><i id="mwARU">rotundata</i></nowiki>, asalinsu daga Afirka ne. Su ne doya mafi mahimmanci da aka noma. A da, ana ɗaukar farin doya a matsayin wani nau'in daban, ''D. rotundata'', amma yawancin masana harkar haraji yanzu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in doya mai launin rawaya. Ana noma nau'ikan doya sama da 200 a tsakaninsu. Farin doya yana da siffar silinda, fatar tana da santsi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma naman yawanci fari ne da tauri. Doya rawaya tana da launin rawaya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kasancewar carotenoids. Yana kama da farin doya a bayyanar waje; fatarsa yawanci tana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma ba ta da faɗi sosai. Doya rawaya tana da tsayin ciyayi da kuma ɗan gajeren barci fiye da farin doya. Nau'in Kokoro yana da mahimmanci wajen yin busasshen dankalin doya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumont |first=R. |last2=Vernier |first2=P. |date=2000 |title=Domestication of yams (''Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata'') within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin |journal=[[Outlook on Agriculture]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=137 |bibcode=2000OutAg..29..137D |doi=10.5367/000000000101293149 |s2cid=154609802}}</ref> Manyan tsirrai ne; inabin na iya zama tsawon {{Convert|10|to|12|m|ft|0}} . Tushen galibi suna da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|to|5|kg|lb|0}} kowanne, amma zai iya nauyin har zuwa {{Convert|25|kg|lb|0}} . Bayan tsawon watanni 7 zuwa 12, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen. A Afirka, yawancinsu ana niƙa su a cikin manna don yin abincin gargajiya na "yayan da aka niƙa", wanda aka sani da [[Iyan]] . ==== ''D. alata'' ==== [[Fayil:Yam_with_numerous_protruding_fibers.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya ( ''D. alata'' )]] D. alata, wanda ake kira da shunayya doya (ba za a iya rikita shi da shunayya "yam" na Okinawa ba, wanda shine dankalin turawa mai zaki ), babban doya, doya mai fuka-fuki, doya ruwa, da (wanda ba a iya fahimta ba) farin doya, [1] [2] an fara noma shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. [2] Duk da cewa ba a noma shi daidai da doya na Afirka ba, yana da mafi girman rarrabawa a duk duniya fiye da duk wani doya da aka noma, ana noma shi a Asiya, tsibiran Pacific, Afirka, da Yammacin Indiya. [2] Ko a Afirka, shaharar doya ruwa tana ta biyu bayan farin doya. Siffar tuber gabaɗaya silinda ce, amma tana iya bambanta. Naman tuber fari ne kuma mai ruwa a yanayinsa. ''D. alata'' da ''D. esculenta'' (ƙaramin doya) sune muhimman amfanin gona ga al'adun Austronesian masu tafiya a teku. An ɗauke su tare da ƙaura daga Austronesian a matsayin tsire-tsire na kwale-kwale, daga Tsibirin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya zuwa har zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] da Polynesia . <ref name="Crowther2016">{{Cite journal |last=Crowther |first=Alison |last2=Lucas |first2=Leilani |last3=Helm |first3=Richard |last4=Horton |first4=Mark |last5=Shipton |first5=Ceri |last6=Wright |first6=Henry T. |last7=Walshaw |first7=Sarah |last8=Pawlowicz |first8=Matthew |last9=Radimilahy |first9=Chantal |last10=Douka |first10=Katerina |last11=Picornell-Gelabert |first11=Llorenç |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Boivin |first13=Nicole L. |date=14 June 2016 |title=Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=113 |issue=24 |pages=6635–6640 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.6635C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1522714113 |pmc=4914162 |pmid=27247383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Beaujard2011">{{Cite journal |last=Beaujard |first=Philippe |date=August 2011 |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf |journal=[[Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa]] |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142 |s2cid=55763047}}</ref> <ref name="Bevacqua1994">{{Cite journal |last=Bevacqua |first=Robert F. |date=1994 |title=Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/29/11/1226.full.pdf |journal=[[HortScience]] |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1226–1229 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=L.D. |date=2003 |title=Uhi |url=http://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html |series=Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jd36wrsn6axhbgcuepmf5sf3f83s9yz 884912 884911 2026-07-19T13:10:38Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 884912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yam_at_monday_market_kaduna_state_01.jpg|thumb|Farin doya iri-iri, Dioscorea rotundata a cikin kasuwar ranar litinin a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], Najeriya]] [[Fayil:YamsatBrixtonMarket.jpg|thumb|Fararen doya a kasuwar dillalai a Brixton, Ingila, 2004]] '''Doya''' ita ce sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga wasu nau'ikan abinci a cikin halittar ''Dioscorea'' (iyalin Dioscoreaceae ) waɗanda ke samar da tubers masu cin abinci (wasu nau'ikan a cikin halittar suna da guba). Doya itace inabi ne [[Shuka mai Shekaru|masu]] daɗaɗɗen ganye waɗanda aka noma a Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka kuma ana noma su don cin ganyen sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]] . Tushen da kansu, waɗanda kuma ake kira "doya", suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Dumont, R.; Vernier, P. (2000). "Domestication of yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin". Outlook on Agriculture D.E. (1987). Root Crops. London, UK: Tropical Development and Research Institute.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. <ref>Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (14 June 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113 odoi:10.1073/pnas.1522714113. PMC 4914162. <nowiki>PMID 27247383</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Beaujard, Philippe (August 2011). "The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence" (PDF). Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142. S2CID 55763047.</ref><ref>Bevacqua, Robert F. (1994). "Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study" (PDF). HortScience. 29 (11): 1226–1229. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226.</ref><ref>White, L.D. (2003). "Uhi". Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi.</ref><ref>Schultz, G.E. (1993). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera, Air potato". Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2006.</ref><ref>Zulu, Donald; Ellis, Richard H.; Culham, Alastair (25 January 2019). "Collection, Consumption, and Sale of Lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora) — a Wild Yam — by Rural Households in Southern Province, Zambia". == Bayani == [[Fayil:കാച്ചിൽ-കിഴങ്ങ്.JPG|thumb|Doya]] Doya, wadda take da alaƙa da furannin fure da ciyawa, ciyawa ce mai ƙarfi, tana girma inabin inabi [[Shuka mai Shekaru|na tsawon lokaci]] daga buro . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}</ref> An san wasu nau'ikan doya 870, <ref name="cabi" /> kaɗan daga cikinsu ana noma su sosai don buroshinsu masu cin abinci amma wasu kuma suna da guba (kamar ''D. communis'' ).<ref>Zulu, D.; Ellis, R. H.; Culham, A. (2020). "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication". Experimental Agriculture. 56 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/S0014479720000083. S2CID 216212360.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith; Oduro, Ibok (2021). Yams: Botany, Production and Uses. Oxford: CABI. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78924-927-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Linus Opara (2003). "YAMS: Post-Harvest Operation" (PDF).</ref><ref>"Yam production in 2019". Crops/Regions/World/Production Quantity. FAOSTAT, Statistics Division of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</ref><ref>Dioscorea dumetorum: Useful Tropical Plants</ref><ref>Jesus, M.; Martins, A. P; Gallardo, E.; Silvestre, S. (2016). "Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/4156293. Shuke-shuken doya na iya girma har zuwa {{Convert|15|m|ft|-1}} a tsayi da {{Convert|7|to|15|cm|in}} . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tushen zai iya girma zuwa ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} zurfi. <ref name="cabi" /> Shuke-shuken yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar iri . <ref name="cabi" /><ref>Oke, O.L. (1990). Redhead, J.; Hussain, M.A. (eds.). Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102862-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2008.</ref><ref>Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition - Nutritive value". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> Tushen da ake ci yana da fata mai kauri wadda take da wahalar barewa amma tana da laushi idan aka dafa ta. Fatar ta bambanta a launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Yawancin nama, ko nama, na kayan lambu sun ƙunshi wani abu mai laushi wanda ya bambanta daga fari ko rawaya zuwa shunayya ko ruwan hoda a cikin doya mai girma.<ref>"Kwashiorkor (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition)". Tropical Medicine Central Resource. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Sunan "yam" ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga harshen Portugal ''inhame'' ko [[Canarian Mutanen Espanya|Canarian Spanish]] ''ñame'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Yammacin Afirka]] a lokacin ciniki. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Portuguese, wannan sunan yawanci yana nufin shukar [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) daga nau'in ''Colocasia'', sabanin ''Dioscorea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Inhame dos Açores |url=https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/outros-produtos-vegetais/771-inhame-dos-acores |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sabores dos Açores: Inhame |url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/sabores-dos-acores-inhame/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Clube Vinhos Portugueses]]}}</ref><ref>United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1</nowiki>. <nowiki>PMID 30844154</nowiki>. NCBI NBK545428.</ref><ref>Uwaegbute, Osho and Obatolu (1998). Postharvest technology and commodity marketing: Proceedings of a postharvest conference. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-131-111-6</nowiki>.</ref> Manyan abubuwan da aka samo daga fi'ili suna da ma'anar "cin abinci". Doya na gaske suna da sunaye daban-daban gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> A wasu wurare, wasu kayan lambu (marasa alaƙa) ana kiransu da "yams", waɗanda suka haɗa da: <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A Amurka, [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] ( ''Ipomoea batatas'' ), musamman waɗanda ke da naman lemu, galibi ana kiransu da "yams" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |website=LOC.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Research Service |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002720/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> * A Ostiraliya, ƙwayar ''Microseris walteri'', ko kuma yam daisy, abinci ne na asali ga [['Yan asalin Australiya|'yan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya]] a wasu yankuna. * A New Zealand, ana kiran oca ( ''Oxalis tuberosa'' ) da "yam". <ref name="jsfa">{{Cite journal |last=Albihn, P.B.E. |last2=Savage, G.P. |date=18 June 2001 |title=The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand-grown oca (''Oxalis tuberosa'' Mol) |journal=[[Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture]] |volume=81 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1033 |bibcode=2001JSFA...81.1027A |doi=10.1002/jsfa.890}}</ref> * A [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) ana kiransa "yam". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lam |first=Lim Chin |title=I yam not taro |url=http://thestar.com.my/english/story.asp?file=/2010/7/16/lifefocus/6651716&sec=lifefocus |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> * A Afirka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da kuma tsibiran Pacific masu zafi, ana noma ''Amorphophallus paeonifolius'' kuma ana kiransa da "ƙafar giwa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santosa |first=Edi |last2=Lian |first2=Chun Lan |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Nobuo |last4=Misra |first4=Raj Shekhar |last5=Boonkorkaew |first5=Patchareeya |last6=Thanomchit |first6=Kanokwan |last7=Chiang |first7=Tzen-Yuh |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2017 |title=Population structure of elephant foot yams (''Amorphophallus paeoniifolius'' (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=6 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1280000S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180000 |pmc=5489206 |pmid=28658282 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Doya ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An yi kiwon nau'ikan guda uku daban-daban a waɗannan nahiyoyi: ''D. rotundata'' (Afirka), ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' (Asiya), da kuma ''D.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>trifida'' (Kudancin Amurka). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nora Scarcelli |display-authors=etal |date=1 May 2019 |title=Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication |journal=[[Science Advances]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.1947S |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947 |pmc=6527260 |pmid=31114806 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>"Undernutrition". The Merck Manual: The Home Health Handbook. 2010.</ref><ref>OB Izekor; MI Olumese (December 2010). "Determinants of yam production and profitability in Edo State, Nigeria" (PDF). African Journal of General Agriculture. 6 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017.</ref><ref>Yam, raw nutrition facts and analysis". www.nutritionvalue.org. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nutrient data laboratory". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref><ref>Roots, Tubers, and Plantains in Food Security: In Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102782-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == Wasu doya tsire-tsire ne masu cin zarafi, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa a wajen wuraren da aka noma. <ref>Robertson, Gordon; Lupien, John (2008). "Minimizing Postharvest Losses in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): Treatments and Techniques". Using food science and technology to improve nutrition and promote national development: Selected case studies. International Union of Food Science & Technology. S2CID 107695924.</ref><ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>Sam, Christopher (1 May 2021). "Food and culture: A case study of Ghana's Etor/Otor (Recipe Included)". TheAfricanDream. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nweke, Felix; Aidoo, Robert; Okoye, Benjamin (July 2013). "Yam Consumption Patterns in West Africa". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2017.</ref> == Noma == [[Fayil:Kaachil_cut.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya da aka girbe sabo ( ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' ) an yanka shi don giciye-sashe]] Ana noma doya don cin ƙwayar sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]], musamman a Yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], Asiya, da [[Osheniya|Oceania]] . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Kimanin kashi 95% na amfanin gonakin doya ana noma su ne a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Everyday Mysteries: Yam |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |publisher=Library of Congress, United States of America}}</ref><ref>Mavis, Meals by (1 January 2022). "Yam Eto (Ghanaian Mashed Yams)". Meals by Mavis. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Osinkolu, Lola (27 August 2021). "YAM | TRUE YAM | AFRICAN YAM". Chef Lola's Kitchen. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>TRT Global - Nigeria: How New Yam Festival keeps Igbo's rooted traditions alive". trt.global. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Gonar doya tana farawa ne lokacin da aka dasa dukkan tsaba ko sassan tubers a cikin tuddai ko tuddai, a farkon lokacin damina. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan yadda da kuma inda aka shuka sets ɗin, girman tuddai, tazarar tsakanin tsirrai, samar da sandunan da aka shuka, nau'in doya, da girman tubers da ake so a lokacin girbi. Ƙananan manoma a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka galibi [[wiktionary:intercrop|suna haɗa]] doya da hatsi da kayan lambu. Doya iri suna da lalacewa kuma suna da yawa don jigilar su. Manoma waɗanda ba su sayi sabbin doya iri ba galibi suna ware har zuwa kashi 30% na girbin su don shuka a shekara mai zuwa. Gonar doya tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma nematodes . Girman su da lokacin barcin su sun yi daidai da lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Don yawan amfanin gona, doya suna buƙatar yanayi mai danshi na wurare masu zafi, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da {{Convert|1500|mm|in|0}} suna rarrabawa daidai gwargwado a duk lokacin girma. Doya fari, rawaya, da ruwa yawanci suna samar da babban buro ɗaya a kowace shekara, gabaɗaya suna da nauyin {{Convert|5|to|10|kg|lb|0}} . <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> Doya tana fama da ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka. <ref name="Solomon" /> Akwai wani da ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' ke haifarwa wanda ya bazu ko'ina a yankunan da ke girma a duniya. <ref name="Solomon" /> Winch ''et al.'', 1984 sun gano ''C.&nbsp;gloeosporioides'' yana shafar adadi mai yawa na ''Dioscorea'' spp.<ref>El cultivo de ñame en el Caribe colombiano". Banco de la República, Colombia. 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>More Than a Trend: The History of Ube and What It Means to the Filipino People". Kapwa Gardens. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Yam Root Dye</ref><ref>Singh, K.K. and Kaushal Kumar. Ethnobotanical wisdom of Gaddi tribe in Western Himalaya. 2000. p.18.</ref><ref>Rana, M., Kabra, A., Kabra, R., Rana, M. and Dhatwalia, V. 2015. Plant Species used by locals as Ethano - Medicine in Gohar Tehsil, Distt. Mandi Region of North Western Himalaya. Archived 7 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine PharmaTutor. 3, 4 (Apr. 2015), 47-52.</ref> Duk da yawan buƙatun ma'aikata da farashin samarwa, buƙatar masu amfani da doya tana da yawa a wasu yankuna na Afirka, <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> wanda hakan ya sa noman doya ya zama mai riba ga wasu manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PubMed Central (PMC) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=PubMed Central (PMC) |language=en}}</ref><ref>Rajendra, Gupta (1993). "Conservation and utilization of Indian Medicinal Plants". Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 6 (2). ISSN 0971-8184. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref><ref>Naleba, Mere (25 April 2015). "Million dollar aim". The Fiji Times Online. Retrieved 1 June 2017.</ref><ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (12): 3349–3350. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.3349M. doi:10.1021/ja01869a023.</ref> === Manyan nau'ikan da aka noma === Ana samun nau'ikan doya da yawa da aka noma a ''Dioscorea'' a ko'ina cikin wurare masu zafi masu danshi. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An tattauna waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki a ƙasa. <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCalverly1998">Calverly (1998). [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm "Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics"]. United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</cite></ref> Tumatur waɗanda ba na ''Dioscorea'' ba waɗanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihi a Afirka sun haɗa da ''[[Tumuƙu|Plectranthus rotundifolius]]'' (dankalin Hausa) da ''[[Rizga|P. esculentus]]'' (dankalin Livingstone); waɗannan amfanin gona guda biyu yanzu an mayar da su baya sosai ta hanyar gabatar da [[rogo]].<ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Djerassi, C. (December 1992). "Steroid Research at Syntex: "The Pill" and Cortisone". Steroids. 57 (12): 631–641. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90016-3. PMC 1294257. <nowiki>PMID 1481227</nowiki>. S2CID 5933910.</ref><ref>Liu MJ, Wang Z, Ju Y, Wong RN, Wu QY (2005). "Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 55 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1007/s00280-004-0849-3. <nowiki>PMID 15372201</nowiki>. S2CID 11779821.</ref><ref>"Roots, Tubers, Plantains and Bananas in Human Nutrition". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Acknowledgments, preface, introduction, origins, and distribution.</ref> ==== ''D. cayensis'' ==== Doya mai launin rawaya, ''[[Doyar kudu|D. cayensis]]'', da kuma farin doya, <nowiki><i id="mwARQ">D. cayensis</i></nowiki> subsp. <nowiki><i id="mwARU">rotundata</i></nowiki>, asalinsu daga Afirka ne. Su ne doya mafi mahimmanci da aka noma. A da, ana ɗaukar farin doya a matsayin wani nau'in daban, ''D. rotundata'', amma yawancin masana harkar haraji yanzu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in doya mai launin rawaya. Ana noma nau'ikan doya sama da 200 a tsakaninsu. Farin doya yana da siffar silinda, fatar tana da santsi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma naman yawanci fari ne da tauri. Doya rawaya tana da launin rawaya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kasancewar carotenoids. Yana kama da farin doya a bayyanar waje; fatarsa yawanci tana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma ba ta da faɗi sosai. Doya rawaya tana da tsayin ciyayi da kuma ɗan gajeren barci fiye da farin doya. Nau'in Kokoro yana da mahimmanci wajen yin busasshen dankalin doya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumont |first=R. |last2=Vernier |first2=P. |date=2000 |title=Domestication of yams (''Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata'') within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin |journal=[[Outlook on Agriculture]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=137 |bibcode=2000OutAg..29..137D |doi=10.5367/000000000101293149 |s2cid=154609802}}</ref> Manyan tsirrai ne; inabin na iya zama tsawon {{Convert|10|to|12|m|ft|0}} . Tushen galibi suna da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|to|5|kg|lb|0}} kowanne, amma zai iya nauyin har zuwa {{Convert|25|kg|lb|0}} . Bayan tsawon watanni 7 zuwa 12, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen. A Afirka, yawancinsu ana niƙa su a cikin manna don yin abincin gargajiya na "yayan da aka niƙa", wanda aka sani da [[Iyan]] . ==== ''D. alata'' ==== [[Fayil:Yam_with_numerous_protruding_fibers.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya ( ''D. alata'' )]] D. alata, wanda ake kira da shunayya doya (ba za a iya rikita shi da shunayya "yam" na Okinawa ba, wanda shine dankalin turawa mai zaki ), babban doya, doya mai fuka-fuki, doya ruwa, da (wanda ba a iya fahimta ba) farin doya, [1] [2] an fara noma shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. [2] Duk da cewa ba a noma shi daidai da doya na Afirka ba, yana da mafi girman rarrabawa a duk duniya fiye da duk wani doya da aka noma, ana noma shi a Asiya, tsibiran Pacific, Afirka, da Yammacin Indiya. [2] Ko a Afirka, shaharar doya ruwa tana ta biyu bayan farin doya. Siffar tuber gabaɗaya silinda ce, amma tana iya bambanta. Naman tuber fari ne kuma mai ruwa a yanayinsa. ''D. alata'' da ''D. esculenta'' (ƙaramin doya) sune muhimman amfanin gona ga al'adun Austronesian masu tafiya a teku. An ɗauke su tare da ƙaura daga Austronesian a matsayin tsire-tsire na kwale-kwale, daga Tsibirin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya zuwa har zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] da Polynesia . <ref name="Crowther2016">{{Cite journal |last=Crowther |first=Alison |last2=Lucas |first2=Leilani |last3=Helm |first3=Richard |last4=Horton |first4=Mark |last5=Shipton |first5=Ceri |last6=Wright |first6=Henry T. |last7=Walshaw |first7=Sarah |last8=Pawlowicz |first8=Matthew |last9=Radimilahy |first9=Chantal |last10=Douka |first10=Katerina |last11=Picornell-Gelabert |first11=Llorenç |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Boivin |first13=Nicole L. |date=14 June 2016 |title=Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=113 |issue=24 |pages=6635–6640 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.6635C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1522714113 |pmc=4914162 |pmid=27247383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Beaujard2011">{{Cite journal |last=Beaujard |first=Philippe |date=August 2011 |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf |journal=[[Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa]] |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142 |s2cid=55763047}}</ref> <ref name="Bevacqua1994">{{Cite journal |last=Bevacqua |first=Robert F. |date=1994 |title=Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/29/11/1226.full.pdf |journal=[[HortScience]] |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1226–1229 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=L.D. |date=2003 |title=Uhi |url=http://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html |series=Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jx3jj9eupr76nm8n3o0slc5dvjnlqjp 884913 884912 2026-07-19T13:11:58Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 884913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yam_at_monday_market_kaduna_state_01.jpg|thumb|Farin doya iri-iri, Dioscorea rotundata a cikin kasuwar ranar litinin a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], Najeriya]] [[Fayil:YamsatBrixtonMarket.jpg|thumb|Fararen doya a kasuwar dillalai a Brixton, Ingila, 2004]] '''Doya''' ita ce sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga wasu nau'ikan abinci a cikin halittar ''Dioscorea'' (iyalin Dioscoreaceae ) waɗanda ke samar da tubers masu cin abinci (wasu nau'ikan a cikin halittar suna da guba). Doya ita ce inabi ne [[Shuka mai Shekaru|masu]] daɗaɗɗen ganye waɗanda aka noma a Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka kuma ana noma su don cin ganyen sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]] . Tushen da kansu, waɗanda kuma ake kira "doya", suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Dumont, R.; Vernier, P. (2000). "Domestication of yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin". Outlook on Agriculture D.E. (1987). Root Crops. London, UK: Tropical Development and Research Institute.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. <ref>Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (14 June 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113 odoi:10.1073/pnas.1522714113. PMC 4914162. <nowiki>PMID 27247383</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Beaujard, Philippe (August 2011). "The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence" (PDF). Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142. S2CID 55763047.</ref><ref>Bevacqua, Robert F. (1994). "Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study" (PDF). HortScience. 29 (11): 1226–1229. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226.</ref><ref>White, L.D. (2003). "Uhi". Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi.</ref><ref>Schultz, G.E. (1993). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera, Air potato". Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2006.</ref><ref>Zulu, Donald; Ellis, Richard H.; Culham, Alastair (25 January 2019). "Collection, Consumption, and Sale of Lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora) — a Wild Yam — by Rural Households in Southern Province, Zambia". == Bayani == [[Fayil:കാച്ചിൽ-കിഴങ്ങ്.JPG|thumb|Doya]] Doya, wadda take da alaƙa da furannin fure da ciyawa, ciyawa ce mai ƙarfi, tana girma inabin inabi [[Shuka mai Shekaru|na tsawon lokaci]] daga buro . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}</ref> An san wasu nau'ikan doya 870, <ref name="cabi" /> kaɗan daga cikinsu ana noma su sosai don buroshinsu masu cin abinci amma wasu kuma suna da guba (kamar ''D. communis'' ).<ref>Zulu, D.; Ellis, R. H.; Culham, A. (2020). "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication". Experimental Agriculture. 56 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/S0014479720000083. S2CID 216212360.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith; Oduro, Ibok (2021). Yams: Botany, Production and Uses. Oxford: CABI. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78924-927-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Linus Opara (2003). "YAMS: Post-Harvest Operation" (PDF).</ref><ref>"Yam production in 2019". Crops/Regions/World/Production Quantity. FAOSTAT, Statistics Division of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</ref><ref>Dioscorea dumetorum: Useful Tropical Plants</ref><ref>Jesus, M.; Martins, A. P; Gallardo, E.; Silvestre, S. (2016). "Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/4156293. Shuke-shuken doya na iya girma har zuwa {{Convert|15|m|ft|-1}} a tsayi da {{Convert|7|to|15|cm|in}} . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tushen zai iya girma zuwa ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} zurfi. <ref name="cabi" /> Shuke-shuken yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar iri . <ref name="cabi" /><ref>Oke, O.L. (1990). Redhead, J.; Hussain, M.A. (eds.). Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102862-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2008.</ref><ref>Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition - Nutritive value". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> Tushen da ake ci yana da fata mai kauri wadda take da wahalar barewa amma tana da laushi idan aka dafa ta. Fatar ta bambanta a launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Yawancin nama, ko nama, na kayan lambu sun ƙunshi wani abu mai laushi wanda ya bambanta daga fari ko rawaya zuwa shunayya ko ruwan hoda a cikin doya mai girma.<ref>"Kwashiorkor (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition)". Tropical Medicine Central Resource. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Sunan "yam" ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga harshen Portugal ''inhame'' ko [[Canarian Mutanen Espanya|Canarian Spanish]] ''ñame'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Yammacin Afirka]] a lokacin ciniki. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Portuguese, wannan sunan yawanci yana nufin shukar [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) daga nau'in ''Colocasia'', sabanin ''Dioscorea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Inhame dos Açores |url=https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/outros-produtos-vegetais/771-inhame-dos-acores |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sabores dos Açores: Inhame |url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/sabores-dos-acores-inhame/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Clube Vinhos Portugueses]]}}</ref><ref>United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1</nowiki>. <nowiki>PMID 30844154</nowiki>. NCBI NBK545428.</ref><ref>Uwaegbute, Osho and Obatolu (1998). Postharvest technology and commodity marketing: Proceedings of a postharvest conference. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-131-111-6</nowiki>.</ref> Manyan abubuwan da aka samo daga fi'ili suna da ma'anar "cin abinci". Doya na gaske suna da sunaye daban-daban gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> A wasu wurare, wasu kayan lambu (marasa alaƙa) ana kiransu da "yams", waɗanda suka haɗa da: <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A Amurka, [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] ( ''Ipomoea batatas'' ), musamman waɗanda ke da naman lemu, galibi ana kiransu da "yams" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |website=LOC.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Research Service |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002720/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> * A Ostiraliya, ƙwayar ''Microseris walteri'', ko kuma yam daisy, abinci ne na asali ga [['Yan asalin Australiya|'yan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya]] a wasu yankuna. * A New Zealand, ana kiran oca ( ''Oxalis tuberosa'' ) da "yam". <ref name="jsfa">{{Cite journal |last=Albihn, P.B.E. |last2=Savage, G.P. |date=18 June 2001 |title=The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand-grown oca (''Oxalis tuberosa'' Mol) |journal=[[Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture]] |volume=81 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1033 |bibcode=2001JSFA...81.1027A |doi=10.1002/jsfa.890}}</ref> * A [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) ana kiransa "yam". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lam |first=Lim Chin |title=I yam not taro |url=http://thestar.com.my/english/story.asp?file=/2010/7/16/lifefocus/6651716&sec=lifefocus |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> * A Afirka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da kuma tsibiran Pacific masu zafi, ana noma ''Amorphophallus paeonifolius'' kuma ana kiransa da "ƙafar giwa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santosa |first=Edi |last2=Lian |first2=Chun Lan |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Nobuo |last4=Misra |first4=Raj Shekhar |last5=Boonkorkaew |first5=Patchareeya |last6=Thanomchit |first6=Kanokwan |last7=Chiang |first7=Tzen-Yuh |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2017 |title=Population structure of elephant foot yams (''Amorphophallus paeoniifolius'' (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=6 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1280000S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180000 |pmc=5489206 |pmid=28658282 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Doya ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An yi kiwon nau'ikan guda uku daban-daban a waɗannan nahiyoyi: ''D. rotundata'' (Afirka), ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' (Asiya), da kuma ''D.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>trifida'' (Kudancin Amurka). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nora Scarcelli |display-authors=etal |date=1 May 2019 |title=Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication |journal=[[Science Advances]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.1947S |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947 |pmc=6527260 |pmid=31114806 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>"Undernutrition". The Merck Manual: The Home Health Handbook. 2010.</ref><ref>OB Izekor; MI Olumese (December 2010). "Determinants of yam production and profitability in Edo State, Nigeria" (PDF). African Journal of General Agriculture. 6 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017.</ref><ref>Yam, raw nutrition facts and analysis". www.nutritionvalue.org. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nutrient data laboratory". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref><ref>Roots, Tubers, and Plantains in Food Security: In Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102782-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == Wasu doya tsire-tsire ne masu cin zarafi, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa a wajen wuraren da aka noma. <ref>Robertson, Gordon; Lupien, John (2008). "Minimizing Postharvest Losses in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): Treatments and Techniques". Using food science and technology to improve nutrition and promote national development: Selected case studies. International Union of Food Science & Technology. S2CID 107695924.</ref><ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>Sam, Christopher (1 May 2021). "Food and culture: A case study of Ghana's Etor/Otor (Recipe Included)". TheAfricanDream. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nweke, Felix; Aidoo, Robert; Okoye, Benjamin (July 2013). "Yam Consumption Patterns in West Africa". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2017.</ref> == Noma == [[Fayil:Kaachil_cut.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya da aka girbe sabo ( ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' ) an yanka shi don giciye-sashe]] Ana noma doya don cin ƙwayar sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]], musamman a Yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], Asiya, da [[Osheniya|Oceania]] . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Kimanin kashi 95% na amfanin gonakin doya ana noma su ne a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Everyday Mysteries: Yam |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |publisher=Library of Congress, United States of America}}</ref><ref>Mavis, Meals by (1 January 2022). "Yam Eto (Ghanaian Mashed Yams)". Meals by Mavis. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Osinkolu, Lola (27 August 2021). "YAM | TRUE YAM | AFRICAN YAM". Chef Lola's Kitchen. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>TRT Global - Nigeria: How New Yam Festival keeps Igbo's rooted traditions alive". trt.global. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Gonar doya tana farawa ne lokacin da aka dasa dukkan tsaba ko sassan tubers a cikin tuddai ko tuddai, a farkon lokacin damina. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan yadda da kuma inda aka shuka sets ɗin, girman tuddai, tazarar tsakanin tsirrai, samar da sandunan da aka shuka, nau'in doya, da girman tubers da ake so a lokacin girbi. Ƙananan manoma a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka galibi [[wiktionary:intercrop|suna haɗa]] doya da hatsi da kayan lambu. Doya iri suna da lalacewa kuma suna da yawa don jigilar su. Manoma waɗanda ba su sayi sabbin doya iri ba galibi suna ware har zuwa kashi 30% na girbin su don shuka a shekara mai zuwa. Gonar doya tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma nematodes . Girman su da lokacin barcin su sun yi daidai da lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Don yawan amfanin gona, doya suna buƙatar yanayi mai danshi na wurare masu zafi, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da {{Convert|1500|mm|in|0}} suna rarrabawa daidai gwargwado a duk lokacin girma. Doya fari, rawaya, da ruwa yawanci suna samar da babban buro ɗaya a kowace shekara, gabaɗaya suna da nauyin {{Convert|5|to|10|kg|lb|0}} . <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> Doya tana fama da ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka. <ref name="Solomon" /> Akwai wani da ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' ke haifarwa wanda ya bazu ko'ina a yankunan da ke girma a duniya. <ref name="Solomon" /> Winch ''et al.'', 1984 sun gano ''C.&nbsp;gloeosporioides'' yana shafar adadi mai yawa na ''Dioscorea'' spp.<ref>El cultivo de ñame en el Caribe colombiano". Banco de la República, Colombia. 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>More Than a Trend: The History of Ube and What It Means to the Filipino People". Kapwa Gardens. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Yam Root Dye</ref><ref>Singh, K.K. and Kaushal Kumar. Ethnobotanical wisdom of Gaddi tribe in Western Himalaya. 2000. p.18.</ref><ref>Rana, M., Kabra, A., Kabra, R., Rana, M. and Dhatwalia, V. 2015. Plant Species used by locals as Ethano - Medicine in Gohar Tehsil, Distt. Mandi Region of North Western Himalaya. Archived 7 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine PharmaTutor. 3, 4 (Apr. 2015), 47-52.</ref> Duk da yawan buƙatun ma'aikata da farashin samarwa, buƙatar masu amfani da doya tana da yawa a wasu yankuna na Afirka, <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> wanda hakan ya sa noman doya ya zama mai riba ga wasu manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PubMed Central (PMC) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=PubMed Central (PMC) |language=en}}</ref><ref>Rajendra, Gupta (1993). "Conservation and utilization of Indian Medicinal Plants". Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 6 (2). ISSN 0971-8184. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref><ref>Naleba, Mere (25 April 2015). "Million dollar aim". The Fiji Times Online. Retrieved 1 June 2017.</ref><ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (12): 3349–3350. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.3349M. doi:10.1021/ja01869a023.</ref> === Manyan nau'ikan da aka noma === Ana samun nau'ikan doya da yawa da aka noma a ''Dioscorea'' a ko'ina cikin wurare masu zafi masu danshi. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An tattauna waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki a ƙasa. <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCalverly1998">Calverly (1998). [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm "Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics"]. United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</cite></ref> Tumatur waɗanda ba na ''Dioscorea'' ba waɗanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihi a Afirka sun haɗa da ''[[Tumuƙu|Plectranthus rotundifolius]]'' (dankalin Hausa) da ''[[Rizga|P. esculentus]]'' (dankalin Livingstone); waɗannan amfanin gona guda biyu yanzu an mayar da su baya sosai ta hanyar gabatar da [[rogo]].<ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Djerassi, C. (December 1992). "Steroid Research at Syntex: "The Pill" and Cortisone". Steroids. 57 (12): 631–641. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90016-3. PMC 1294257. <nowiki>PMID 1481227</nowiki>. S2CID 5933910.</ref><ref>Liu MJ, Wang Z, Ju Y, Wong RN, Wu QY (2005). "Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 55 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1007/s00280-004-0849-3. <nowiki>PMID 15372201</nowiki>. S2CID 11779821.</ref><ref>"Roots, Tubers, Plantains and Bananas in Human Nutrition". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Acknowledgments, preface, introduction, origins, and distribution.</ref> ==== ''D. cayensis'' ==== Doya mai launin rawaya, ''[[Doyar kudu|D. cayensis]]'', da kuma farin doya, <nowiki><i id="mwARQ">D. cayensis</i></nowiki> subsp. <nowiki><i id="mwARU">rotundata</i></nowiki>, asalinsu daga Afirka ne. Su ne doya mafi mahimmanci da aka noma. A da, ana ɗaukar farin doya a matsayin wani nau'in daban, ''D. rotundata'', amma yawancin masana harkar haraji yanzu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in doya mai launin rawaya. Ana noma nau'ikan doya sama da 200 a tsakaninsu. Farin doya yana da siffar silinda, fatar tana da santsi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma naman yawanci fari ne da tauri. Doya rawaya tana da launin rawaya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kasancewar carotenoids. Yana kama da farin doya a bayyanar waje; fatarsa yawanci tana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma ba ta da faɗi sosai. Doya rawaya tana da tsayin ciyayi da kuma ɗan gajeren barci fiye da farin doya. Nau'in Kokoro yana da mahimmanci wajen yin busasshen dankalin doya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumont |first=R. |last2=Vernier |first2=P. |date=2000 |title=Domestication of yams (''Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata'') within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin |journal=[[Outlook on Agriculture]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=137 |bibcode=2000OutAg..29..137D |doi=10.5367/000000000101293149 |s2cid=154609802}}</ref> Manyan tsirrai ne; inabin na iya zama tsawon {{Convert|10|to|12|m|ft|0}} . Tushen galibi suna da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|to|5|kg|lb|0}} kowanne, amma zai iya nauyin har zuwa {{Convert|25|kg|lb|0}} . Bayan tsawon watanni 7 zuwa 12, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen. A Afirka, yawancinsu ana niƙa su a cikin manna don yin abincin gargajiya na "yayan da aka niƙa", wanda aka sani da [[Iyan]] . ==== ''D. alata'' ==== [[Fayil:Yam_with_numerous_protruding_fibers.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya ( ''D. alata'' )]] D. alata, wanda ake kira da shunayya doya (ba za a iya rikita shi da shunayya "yam" na Okinawa ba, wanda shine dankalin turawa mai zaki ), babban doya, doya mai fuka-fuki, doya ruwa, da (wanda ba a iya fahimta ba) farin doya, [1] [2] an fara noma shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. [2] Duk da cewa ba a noma shi daidai da doya na Afirka ba, yana da mafi girman rarrabawa a duk duniya fiye da duk wani doya da aka noma, ana noma shi a Asiya, tsibiran Pacific, Afirka, da Yammacin Indiya. [2] Ko a Afirka, shaharar doya ruwa tana ta biyu bayan farin doya. Siffar tuber gabaɗaya silinda ce, amma tana iya bambanta. Naman tuber fari ne kuma mai ruwa a yanayinsa. ''D. alata'' da ''D. esculenta'' (ƙaramin doya) sune muhimman amfanin gona ga al'adun Austronesian masu tafiya a teku. An ɗauke su tare da ƙaura daga Austronesian a matsayin tsire-tsire na kwale-kwale, daga Tsibirin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya zuwa har zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] da Polynesia . <ref name="Crowther2016">{{Cite journal |last=Crowther |first=Alison |last2=Lucas |first2=Leilani |last3=Helm |first3=Richard |last4=Horton |first4=Mark |last5=Shipton |first5=Ceri |last6=Wright |first6=Henry T. |last7=Walshaw |first7=Sarah |last8=Pawlowicz |first8=Matthew |last9=Radimilahy |first9=Chantal |last10=Douka |first10=Katerina |last11=Picornell-Gelabert |first11=Llorenç |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Boivin |first13=Nicole L. |date=14 June 2016 |title=Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=113 |issue=24 |pages=6635–6640 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.6635C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1522714113 |pmc=4914162 |pmid=27247383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Beaujard2011">{{Cite journal |last=Beaujard |first=Philippe |date=August 2011 |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf |journal=[[Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa]] |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142 |s2cid=55763047}}</ref> <ref name="Bevacqua1994">{{Cite journal |last=Bevacqua |first=Robert F. |date=1994 |title=Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/29/11/1226.full.pdf |journal=[[HortScience]] |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1226–1229 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=L.D. |date=2003 |title=Uhi |url=http://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html |series=Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] cf6q7mvt52alxz7sgojbruszki3numv 884914 884913 2026-07-19T13:12:49Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 884914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yam_at_monday_market_kaduna_state_01.jpg|thumb|Farin doya iri-iri, Dioscorea rotundata a cikin kasuwar ranar litinin a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], Najeriya]] [[Fayil:YamsatBrixtonMarket.jpg|thumb|Fararen doya a kasuwar dillalai a Brixton, Ingila, 2004]] '''Doya''' ita ce sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga wasu nau'ikan abinci a cikin halittar ''Dioscorea'' (iyalin Dioscoreaceae ) waɗanda ke samar da tubers masu cin abinci (wasu nau'ikan a cikin halittar suna da guba). Doya ita ce inabi ne [[Shuka mai Shekaru|masu]] daɗaɗɗen ganye waɗanda aka noma a Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka kuma ana noma su don cin ganyen sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]] . Tushen da kansu, waɗanda kuma ake kira "doya", suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Dumont, R.; Vernier, P. (2000). "Domestication of yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin". Outlook on Agriculture D.E. (1987). Root Crops. London, UK: Tropical Development and Research Institute.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. <ref>Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (14 June 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113 odoi:10.1073/pnas.1522714113. PMC 4914162. <nowiki>PMID 27247383</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Beaujard, Philippe (August 2011). "The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence" (PDF). Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142. S2CID 55763047.</ref><ref>Bevacqua, Robert F. (1994). "Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study" (PDF). HortScience. 29 (11): 1226–1229. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226.</ref><ref>White, L.D. (2003). "Uhi". Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi.</ref><ref>Schultz, G.E. (1993). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera, Air potato". Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2006.</ref><ref>Zulu, Donald; Ellis, Richard H.; Culham, Alastair (25 January 2019). "Collection, Consumption, and Sale of Lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora) — a Wild Yam — by Rural Households in Southern Province, Zambia". == Bayani == [[Fayil:കാച്ചിൽ-കിഴങ്ങ്.JPG|thumb|Doya]] Doya, wadda take da alaƙa da furannin fure da ciyawa, ciyawa ce mai ƙarfi, tana girma inabin inabi [[Shuka mai Shekaru|na tsawon lokaci]] daga buro . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}</ref> An san wasu nau'ikan doya 870, <ref name="cabi" /> kaɗan daga cikinsu ana noma su sosai don buroshinsu masu cin abinci amma wasu kuma suna da guba (kamar ''D. communis'' ).<ref>Zulu, D.; Ellis, R. H.; Culham, A. (2020). "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication". Experimental Agriculture. 56 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/S0014479720000083. S2CID 216212360.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith; Oduro, Ibok (2021). Yams: Botany, Production and Uses. Oxford: CABI. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78924-927-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Linus Opara (2003). "YAMS: Post-Harvest Operation" (PDF).</ref><ref>"Yam production in 2019". Crops/Regions/World/Production Quantity. FAOSTAT, Statistics Division of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</ref><ref>Dioscorea dumetorum: Useful Tropical Plants</ref><ref>Jesus, M.; Martins, A. P; Gallardo, E.; Silvestre, S. (2016). "Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/4156293. Shuke-shuken doya na iya girma har zuwa {{Convert|15|m|ft|-1}} a tsayi da {{Convert|7|to|15|cm|in}} . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tushen zai iya girma zuwa ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} zurfi. <ref name="cabi" /> Shuke-shuken yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar iri . <ref name="cabi" /><ref>Oke, O.L. (1990). Redhead, J.; Hussain, M.A. (eds.). Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102862-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2008.</ref><ref>Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition - Nutritive value". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> Tushen da ake ci yana da fata mai kauri wadda take da wahalar barewa amma tana da laushi idan aka dafa ta. Fatar ta bambanta a launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Yawancin nama, ko nama, na kayan lambu sun ƙunshi wani abu mai laushi wanda ya bambanta daga fari ko rawaya zuwa shunayya ko ruwan hoda a cikin doya mai girma.<ref>"Kwashiorkor (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition)". Tropical Medicine Central Resource. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Sunan "yam" ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga harshen Portugal ''inhame'' ko [[Canarian Mutanen Espanya|Canarian Spanish]] ''ñame'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Yammacin Afirka]] a lokacin ciniki. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Portuguese, wannan sunan yawanci yana nufin shukar [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) daga nau'in ''Colocasia'', sabanin ''Dioscorea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Inhame dos Açores |url=https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/outros-produtos-vegetais/771-inhame-dos-acores |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sabores dos Açores:|url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/sabores-dos-acores-inhame/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Clube Vinhos Portugueses]]}}</ref><ref>United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1</nowiki>. <nowiki>PMID 30844154</nowiki>. NCBI NBK545428.</ref><ref>Uwaegbute, Osho and Obatolu (1998). Postharvest technology and commodity marketing: Proceedings of a postharvest conference. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-131-111-6</nowiki>.</ref> Manyan abubuwan da aka samo daga fi'ili suna da ma'anar "cin abinci". Doya na gaske suna da sunaye daban-daban gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> A wasu wurare, wasu kayan lambu (marasa alaƙa) ana kiransu da "yams", waɗanda suka haɗa da: <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A Amurka, [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] ( ''Ipomoea batatas'' ), musamman waɗanda ke da naman lemu, galibi ana kiransu da "yams" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |website=LOC.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Research Service |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002720/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> * A Ostiraliya, ƙwayar ''Microseris walteri'', ko kuma yam daisy, abinci ne na asali ga [['Yan asalin Australiya|'yan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya]] a wasu yankuna. * A New Zealand, ana kiran oca ( ''Oxalis tuberosa'' ) da "yam". <ref name="jsfa">{{Cite journal |last=Albihn, P.B.E. |last2=Savage, G.P. |date=18 June 2001 |title=The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand-grown oca (''Oxalis tuberosa'' Mol) |journal=[[Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture]] |volume=81 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1033 |bibcode=2001JSFA...81.1027A |doi=10.1002/jsfa.890}}</ref> * A [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) ana kiransa "yam". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lam |first=Lim Chin |title=I yam not taro |url=http://thestar.com.my/english/story.asp?file=/2010/7/16/lifefocus/6651716&sec=lifefocus |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> * A Afirka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da kuma tsibiran Pacific masu zafi, ana noma ''Amorphophallus paeonifolius'' kuma ana kiransa da "ƙafar giwa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santosa |first=Edi |last2=Lian |first2=Chun Lan |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Nobuo |last4=Misra |first4=Raj Shekhar |last5=Boonkorkaew |first5=Patchareeya |last6=Thanomchit |first6=Kanokwan |last7=Chiang |first7=Tzen-Yuh |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2017 |title=Population structure of elephant foot yams (''Amorphophallus paeoniifolius'' (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=6 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1280000S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180000 |pmc=5489206 |pmid=28658282 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Doya ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An yi kiwon nau'ikan guda uku daban-daban a waɗannan nahiyoyi: ''D. rotundata'' (Afirka), ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' (Asiya), da kuma ''D.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>trifida'' (Kudancin Amurka). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nora Scarcelli |display-authors=etal |date=1 May 2019 |title=Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication |journal=[[Science Advances]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.1947S |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947 |pmc=6527260 |pmid=31114806 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>"Undernutrition". The Merck Manual: The Home Health Handbook. 2010.</ref><ref>OB Izekor; MI Olumese (December 2010). "Determinants of yam production and profitability in Edo State, Nigeria" (PDF). African Journal of General Agriculture. 6 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017.</ref><ref>Yam, raw nutrition facts and analysis". www.nutritionvalue.org. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nutrient data laboratory". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref><ref>Roots, Tubers, and Plantains in Food Security: In Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102782-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == Wasu doya tsire-tsire ne masu cin zarafi, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa a wajen wuraren da aka noma. <ref>Robertson, Gordon; Lupien, John (2008). "Minimizing Postharvest Losses in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): Treatments and Techniques". Using food science and technology to improve nutrition and promote national development: Selected case studies. International Union of Food Science & Technology. S2CID 107695924.</ref><ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>Sam, Christopher (1 May 2021). "Food and culture: A case study of Ghana's Etor/Otor (Recipe Included)". TheAfricanDream. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nweke, Felix; Aidoo, Robert; Okoye, Benjamin (July 2013). "Yam Consumption Patterns in West Africa". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2017.</ref> == Noma == [[Fayil:Kaachil_cut.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya da aka girbe sabo ( ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' ) an yanka shi don giciye-sashe]] Ana noma doya don cin ƙwayar sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]], musamman a Yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], Asiya, da [[Osheniya|Oceania]] . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Kimanin kashi 95% na amfanin gonakin doya ana noma su ne a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Everyday Mysteries: Yam |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |publisher=Library of Congress, United States of America}}</ref><ref>Mavis, Meals by (1 January 2022). "Yam Eto (Ghanaian Mashed Yams)". Meals by Mavis. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Osinkolu, Lola (27 August 2021). "YAM | TRUE YAM | AFRICAN YAM". Chef Lola's Kitchen. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>TRT Global - Nigeria: How New Yam Festival keeps Igbo's rooted traditions alive". trt.global. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Gonar doya tana farawa ne lokacin da aka dasa dukkan tsaba ko sassan tubers a cikin tuddai ko tuddai, a farkon lokacin damina. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan yadda da kuma inda aka shuka sets ɗin, girman tuddai, tazarar tsakanin tsirrai, samar da sandunan da aka shuka, nau'in doya, da girman tubers da ake so a lokacin girbi. Ƙananan manoma a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka galibi [[wiktionary:intercrop|suna haɗa]] doya da hatsi da kayan lambu. Doya iri suna da lalacewa kuma suna da yawa don jigilar su. Manoma waɗanda ba su sayi sabbin doya iri ba galibi suna ware har zuwa kashi 30% na girbin su don shuka a shekara mai zuwa. Gonar doya tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma nematodes . Girman su da lokacin barcin su sun yi daidai da lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Don yawan amfanin gona, doya suna buƙatar yanayi mai danshi na wurare masu zafi, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da {{Convert|1500|mm|in|0}} suna rarrabawa daidai gwargwado a duk lokacin girma. Doya fari, rawaya, da ruwa yawanci suna samar da babban buro ɗaya a kowace shekara, gabaɗaya suna da nauyin {{Convert|5|to|10|kg|lb|0}} . <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> Doya tana fama da ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka. <ref name="Solomon" /> Akwai wani da ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' ke haifarwa wanda ya bazu ko'ina a yankunan da ke girma a duniya. <ref name="Solomon" /> Winch ''et al.'', 1984 sun gano ''C.&nbsp;gloeosporioides'' yana shafar adadi mai yawa na ''Dioscorea'' spp.<ref>El cultivo de ñame en el Caribe colombiano". Banco de la República, Colombia. 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>More Than a Trend: The History of Ube and What It Means to the Filipino People". Kapwa Gardens. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Yam Root Dye</ref><ref>Singh, K.K. and Kaushal Kumar. Ethnobotanical wisdom of Gaddi tribe in Western Himalaya. 2000. p.18.</ref><ref>Rana, M., Kabra, A., Kabra, R., Rana, M. and Dhatwalia, V. 2015. Plant Species used by locals as Ethano - Medicine in Gohar Tehsil, Distt. Mandi Region of North Western Himalaya. Archived 7 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine PharmaTutor. 3, 4 (Apr. 2015), 47-52.</ref> Duk da yawan buƙatun ma'aikata da farashin samarwa, buƙatar masu amfani da doya tana da yawa a wasu yankuna na Afirka, <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> wanda hakan ya sa noman doya ya zama mai riba ga wasu manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PubMed Central (PMC) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=PubMed Central (PMC) |language=en}}</ref><ref>Rajendra, Gupta (1993). "Conservation and utilization of Indian Medicinal Plants". Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 6 (2). ISSN 0971-8184. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref><ref>Naleba, Mere (25 April 2015). "Million dollar aim". The Fiji Times Online. Retrieved 1 June 2017.</ref><ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (12): 3349–3350. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.3349M. doi:10.1021/ja01869a023.</ref> === Manyan nau'ikan da aka noma === Ana samun nau'ikan doya da yawa da aka noma a ''Dioscorea'' a ko'ina cikin wurare masu zafi masu danshi. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An tattauna waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki a ƙasa. <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCalverly1998">Calverly (1998). [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm "Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics"]. United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</cite></ref> Tumatur waɗanda ba na ''Dioscorea'' ba waɗanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihi a Afirka sun haɗa da ''[[Tumuƙu|Plectranthus rotundifolius]]'' (dankalin Hausa) da ''[[Rizga|P. esculentus]]'' (dankalin Livingstone); waɗannan amfanin gona guda biyu yanzu an mayar da su baya sosai ta hanyar gabatar da [[rogo]].<ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Djerassi, C. (December 1992). "Steroid Research at Syntex: "The Pill" and Cortisone". Steroids. 57 (12): 631–641. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90016-3. PMC 1294257. <nowiki>PMID 1481227</nowiki>. S2CID 5933910.</ref><ref>Liu MJ, Wang Z, Ju Y, Wong RN, Wu QY (2005). "Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 55 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1007/s00280-004-0849-3. <nowiki>PMID 15372201</nowiki>. S2CID 11779821.</ref><ref>"Roots, Tubers, Plantains and Bananas in Human Nutrition". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Acknowledgments, preface, introduction, origins, and distribution.</ref> ==== ''D. cayensis'' ==== Doya mai launin rawaya, ''[[Doyar kudu|D. cayensis]]'', da kuma farin doya, <nowiki><i id="mwARQ">D. cayensis</i></nowiki> subsp. <nowiki><i id="mwARU">rotundata</i></nowiki>, asalinsu daga Afirka ne. Su ne doya mafi mahimmanci da aka noma. A da, ana ɗaukar farin doya a matsayin wani nau'in daban, ''D. rotundata'', amma yawancin masana harkar haraji yanzu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in doya mai launin rawaya. Ana noma nau'ikan doya sama da 200 a tsakaninsu. Farin doya yana da siffar silinda, fatar tana da santsi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma naman yawanci fari ne da tauri. Doya rawaya tana da launin rawaya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kasancewar carotenoids. Yana kama da farin doya a bayyanar waje; fatarsa yawanci tana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma ba ta da faɗi sosai. Doya rawaya tana da tsayin ciyayi da kuma ɗan gajeren barci fiye da farin doya. Nau'in Kokoro yana da mahimmanci wajen yin busasshen dankalin doya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumont |first=R. |last2=Vernier |first2=P. |date=2000 |title=Domestication of yams (''Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata'') within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin |journal=[[Outlook on Agriculture]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=137 |bibcode=2000OutAg..29..137D |doi=10.5367/000000000101293149 |s2cid=154609802}}</ref> Manyan tsirrai ne; inabin na iya zama tsawon {{Convert|10|to|12|m|ft|0}} . Tushen galibi suna da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|to|5|kg|lb|0}} kowanne, amma zai iya nauyin har zuwa {{Convert|25|kg|lb|0}} . Bayan tsawon watanni 7 zuwa 12, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen. A Afirka, yawancinsu ana niƙa su a cikin manna don yin abincin gargajiya na "yayan da aka niƙa", wanda aka sani da [[Iyan]] . ==== ''D. alata'' ==== [[Fayil:Yam_with_numerous_protruding_fibers.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya ( ''D. alata'' )]] D. alata, wanda ake kira da shunayya doya (ba za a iya rikita shi da shunayya "yam" na Okinawa ba, wanda shine dankalin turawa mai zaki ), babban doya, doya mai fuka-fuki, doya ruwa, da (wanda ba a iya fahimta ba) farin doya, [1] [2] an fara noma shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. [2] Duk da cewa ba a noma shi daidai da doya na Afirka ba, yana da mafi girman rarrabawa a duk duniya fiye da duk wani doya da aka noma, ana noma shi a Asiya, tsibiran Pacific, Afirka, da Yammacin Indiya. [2] Ko a Afirka, shaharar doya ruwa tana ta biyu bayan farin doya. Siffar tuber gabaɗaya silinda ce, amma tana iya bambanta. Naman tuber fari ne kuma mai ruwa a yanayinsa. ''D. alata'' da ''D. esculenta'' (ƙaramin doya) sune muhimman amfanin gona ga al'adun Austronesian masu tafiya a teku. An ɗauke su tare da ƙaura daga Austronesian a matsayin tsire-tsire na kwale-kwale, daga Tsibirin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya zuwa har zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] da Polynesia . <ref name="Crowther2016">{{Cite journal |last=Crowther |first=Alison |last2=Lucas |first2=Leilani |last3=Helm |first3=Richard |last4=Horton |first4=Mark |last5=Shipton |first5=Ceri |last6=Wright |first6=Henry T. |last7=Walshaw |first7=Sarah |last8=Pawlowicz |first8=Matthew |last9=Radimilahy |first9=Chantal |last10=Douka |first10=Katerina |last11=Picornell-Gelabert |first11=Llorenç |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Boivin |first13=Nicole L. |date=14 June 2016 |title=Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=113 |issue=24 |pages=6635–6640 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.6635C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1522714113 |pmc=4914162 |pmid=27247383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Beaujard2011">{{Cite journal |last=Beaujard |first=Philippe |date=August 2011 |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf |journal=[[Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa]] |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142 |s2cid=55763047}}</ref> <ref name="Bevacqua1994">{{Cite journal |last=Bevacqua |first=Robert F. |date=1994 |title=Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/29/11/1226.full.pdf |journal=[[HortScience]] |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1226–1229 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=L.D. |date=2003 |title=Uhi |url=http://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html |series=Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nowx43lkp2isbmhzj3my5spu3rhiqgc 884915 884914 2026-07-19T13:13:47Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 884915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yam_at_monday_market_kaduna_state_01.jpg|thumb|Farin doya iri-iri, Dioscorea rotundata a cikin kasuwar ranar litinin a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], Najeriya]] [[Fayil:YamsatBrixtonMarket.jpg|thumb|Fararen doya a kasuwar dillalai a Brixton, Ingila, 2004]] '''Doya''' ita ce sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga wasu nau'ikan abinci a cikin halittar ''Dioscorea'' (iyalin Dioscoreaceae ) waɗanda ke samar da tubers masu cin abinci (wasu nau'ikan a cikin halittar suna da guba). Doya ita ce inabi ne [[Shuka mai Shekaru|masu]] daɗaɗɗen ganye waɗanda aka noma a Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka kuma ana noma su don cin ganyen sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]] . Tushen da kansu, waɗanda kuma ake kira "doya", suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Dumont, R.; Vernier, P. (2000). "Domestication of yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin". Outlook on Agriculture D.E. (1987). Root Crops. London, UK: Tropical Development and Research Institute.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. <ref>Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (14 June 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113 odoi:10.1073/pnas.1522714113. PMC 4914162. <nowiki>PMID 27247383</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Beaujard, Philippe (August 2011). "The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence" (PDF). Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142. S2CID 55763047.</ref><ref>Bevacqua, Robert F. (1994). "Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study" (PDF). HortScience. 29 (11): 1226–1229. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.<ref>White, L.D. (2003). "Uhi". Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi.</ref><ref>Schultz, G.E. (1993). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera, Air potato". Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2006.</ref><ref>Zulu, Donald; Ellis, Richard H.; Culham, Alastair (25 January 2019). "Collection, Consumption, and Sale of Lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora) — a Wild Yam — by Rural Households in Southern Province, Zambia". == Bayani == [[Fayil:കാച്ചിൽ-കിഴങ്ങ്.JPG|thumb|Doya]] Doya, wadda take da alaƙa da furannin fure da ciyawa, ciyawa ce mai ƙarfi, tana girma inabin inabi [[Shuka mai Shekaru|na tsawon lokaci]] daga buro . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}</ref> An san wasu nau'ikan doya 870, <ref name="cabi" /> kaɗan daga cikinsu ana noma su sosai don buroshinsu masu cin abinci amma wasu kuma suna da guba (kamar ''D. communis'' ).<ref>Zulu, D.; Ellis, R. H.; Culham, A. (2020). "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication". Experimental Agriculture. 56 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/S0014479720000083. S2CID 216212360.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith; Oduro, Ibok (2021). Yams: Botany, Production and Uses. Oxford: CABI. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78924-927-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Linus Opara (2003). "YAMS: Post-Harvest Operation" (PDF).</ref><ref>"Yam production in 2019". Crops/Regions/World/Production Quantity. FAOSTAT, Statistics Division of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</ref><ref>Dioscorea dumetorum: Useful Tropical Plants</ref><ref>Jesus, M.; Martins, A. P; Gallardo, E.; Silvestre, S. (2016). "Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/4156293. Shuke-shuken doya na iya girma har zuwa {{Convert|15|m|ft|-1}} a tsayi da {{Convert|7|to|15|cm|in}} . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tushen zai iya girma zuwa ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} zurfi. <ref name="cabi" /> Shuke-shuken yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar iri . <ref name="cabi" /><ref>Oke, O.L. (1990). Redhead, J.; Hussain, M.A. (eds.). Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102862-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2008.</ref><ref>Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition - Nutritive value". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> Tushen da ake ci yana da fata mai kauri wadda take da wahalar barewa amma tana da laushi idan aka dafa ta. Fatar ta bambanta a launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Yawancin nama, ko nama, na kayan lambu sun ƙunshi wani abu mai laushi wanda ya bambanta daga fari ko rawaya zuwa shunayya ko ruwan hoda a cikin doya mai girma.<ref>"Kwashiorkor (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition)". Tropical Medicine Central Resource. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Sunan "yam" ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga harshen Portugal ''inhame'' ko [[Canarian Mutanen Espanya|Canarian Spanish]] ''ñame'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Yammacin Afirka]] a lokacin ciniki. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Portuguese, wannan sunan yawanci yana nufin shukar [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) daga nau'in ''Colocasia'', sabanin ''Dioscorea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Inhame dos Açores |url=https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/outros-produtos-vegetais/771-inhame-dos-acores |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sabores dos Açores:|url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/sabores-dos-acores-inhame/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Clube Vinhos Portugueses]]}}</ref><ref>United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1</nowiki>. <nowiki>PMID 30844154</nowiki>. NCBI NBK545428.</ref><ref>Uwaegbute, Osho and Obatolu (1998). Postharvest technology and commodity marketing: Proceedings of a postharvest conference. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-131-111-6</nowiki>.</ref> Manyan abubuwan da aka samo daga fi'ili suna da ma'anar "cin abinci". Doya na gaske suna da sunaye daban-daban gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> A wasu wurare, wasu kayan lambu (marasa alaƙa) ana kiransu da "yams", waɗanda suka haɗa da: <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A Amurka, [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] ( ''Ipomoea batatas'' ), musamman waɗanda ke da naman lemu, galibi ana kiransu da "yams" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |website=LOC.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Research Service |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002720/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> * A Ostiraliya, ƙwayar ''Microseris walteri'', ko kuma yam daisy, abinci ne na asali ga [['Yan asalin Australiya|'yan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya]] a wasu yankuna. * A New Zealand, ana kiran oca ( ''Oxalis tuberosa'' ) da "yam". <ref name="jsfa">{{Cite journal |last=Albihn, P.B.E. |last2=Savage, G.P. |date=18 June 2001 |title=The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand-grown oca (''Oxalis tuberosa'' Mol) |journal=[[Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture]] |volume=81 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1033 |bibcode=2001JSFA...81.1027A |doi=10.1002/jsfa.890}}</ref> * A [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) ana kiransa "yam". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lam |first=Lim Chin |title=I yam not taro |url=http://thestar.com.my/english/story.asp?file=/2010/7/16/lifefocus/6651716&sec=lifefocus |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> * A Afirka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da kuma tsibiran Pacific masu zafi, ana noma ''Amorphophallus paeonifolius'' kuma ana kiransa da "ƙafar giwa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santosa |first=Edi |last2=Lian |first2=Chun Lan |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Nobuo |last4=Misra |first4=Raj Shekhar |last5=Boonkorkaew |first5=Patchareeya |last6=Thanomchit |first6=Kanokwan |last7=Chiang |first7=Tzen-Yuh |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2017 |title=Population structure of elephant foot yams (''Amorphophallus paeoniifolius'' (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=6 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1280000S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180000 |pmc=5489206 |pmid=28658282 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Doya ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An yi kiwon nau'ikan guda uku daban-daban a waɗannan nahiyoyi: ''D. rotundata'' (Afirka), ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' (Asiya), da kuma ''D.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>trifida'' (Kudancin Amurka). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nora Scarcelli |display-authors=etal |date=1 May 2019 |title=Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication |journal=[[Science Advances]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.1947S |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947 |pmc=6527260 |pmid=31114806 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>"Undernutrition". The Merck Manual: The Home Health Handbook. 2010.</ref><ref>OB Izekor; MI Olumese (December 2010). "Determinants of yam production and profitability in Edo State, Nigeria" (PDF). African Journal of General Agriculture. 6 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017.</ref><ref>Yam, raw nutrition facts and analysis". www.nutritionvalue.org. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nutrient data laboratory". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref><ref>Roots, Tubers, and Plantains in Food Security: In Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102782-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == Wasu doya tsire-tsire ne masu cin zarafi, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa a wajen wuraren da aka noma. <ref>Robertson, Gordon; Lupien, John (2008). "Minimizing Postharvest Losses in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): Treatments and Techniques". Using food science and technology to improve nutrition and promote national development: Selected case studies. International Union of Food Science & Technology. S2CID 107695924.</ref><ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>Sam, Christopher (1 May 2021). "Food and culture: A case study of Ghana's Etor/Otor (Recipe Included)". TheAfricanDream. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nweke, Felix; Aidoo, Robert; Okoye, Benjamin (July 2013). "Yam Consumption Patterns in West Africa". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2017.</ref> == Noma == [[Fayil:Kaachil_cut.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya da aka girbe sabo ( ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' ) an yanka shi don giciye-sashe]] Ana noma doya don cin ƙwayar sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]], musamman a Yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], Asiya, da [[Osheniya|Oceania]] . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Kimanin kashi 95% na amfanin gonakin doya ana noma su ne a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Everyday Mysteries: Yam |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |publisher=Library of Congress, United States of America}}</ref><ref>Mavis, Meals by (1 January 2022). "Yam Eto (Ghanaian Mashed Yams)". Meals by Mavis. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Osinkolu, Lola (27 August 2021). "YAM | TRUE YAM | AFRICAN YAM". Chef Lola's Kitchen. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>TRT Global - Nigeria: How New Yam Festival keeps Igbo's rooted traditions alive". trt.global. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Gonar doya tana farawa ne lokacin da aka dasa dukkan tsaba ko sassan tubers a cikin tuddai ko tuddai, a farkon lokacin damina. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan yadda da kuma inda aka shuka sets ɗin, girman tuddai, tazarar tsakanin tsirrai, samar da sandunan da aka shuka, nau'in doya, da girman tubers da ake so a lokacin girbi. Ƙananan manoma a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka galibi [[wiktionary:intercrop|suna haɗa]] doya da hatsi da kayan lambu. Doya iri suna da lalacewa kuma suna da yawa don jigilar su. Manoma waɗanda ba su sayi sabbin doya iri ba galibi suna ware har zuwa kashi 30% na girbin su don shuka a shekara mai zuwa. Gonar doya tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma nematodes . Girman su da lokacin barcin su sun yi daidai da lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Don yawan amfanin gona, doya suna buƙatar yanayi mai danshi na wurare masu zafi, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da {{Convert|1500|mm|in|0}} suna rarrabawa daidai gwargwado a duk lokacin girma. Doya fari, rawaya, da ruwa yawanci suna samar da babban buro ɗaya a kowace shekara, gabaɗaya suna da nauyin {{Convert|5|to|10|kg|lb|0}} . <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> Doya tana fama da ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka. <ref name="Solomon" /> Akwai wani da ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' ke haifarwa wanda ya bazu ko'ina a yankunan da ke girma a duniya. <ref name="Solomon" /> Winch ''et al.'', 1984 sun gano ''C.&nbsp;gloeosporioides'' yana shafar adadi mai yawa na ''Dioscorea'' spp.<ref>El cultivo de ñame en el Caribe colombiano". Banco de la República, Colombia. 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>More Than a Trend: The History of Ube and What It Means to the Filipino People". Kapwa Gardens. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Yam Root Dye</ref><ref>Singh, K.K. and Kaushal Kumar. Ethnobotanical wisdom of Gaddi tribe in Western Himalaya. 2000. p.18.</ref><ref>Rana, M., Kabra, A., Kabra, R., Rana, M. and Dhatwalia, V. 2015. Plant Species used by locals as Ethano - Medicine in Gohar Tehsil, Distt. Mandi Region of North Western Himalaya. Archived 7 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine PharmaTutor. 3, 4 (Apr. 2015), 47-52.</ref> Duk da yawan buƙatun ma'aikata da farashin samarwa, buƙatar masu amfani da doya tana da yawa a wasu yankuna na Afirka, <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> wanda hakan ya sa noman doya ya zama mai riba ga wasu manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PubMed Central (PMC) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=PubMed Central (PMC) |language=en}}</ref><ref>Rajendra, Gupta (1993). "Conservation and utilization of Indian Medicinal Plants". Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 6 (2). ISSN 0971-8184. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref><ref>Naleba, Mere (25 April 2015). "Million dollar aim". The Fiji Times Online. Retrieved 1 June 2017.</ref><ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (12): 3349–3350. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.3349M. doi:10.1021/ja01869a023.</ref> === Manyan nau'ikan da aka noma === Ana samun nau'ikan doya da yawa da aka noma a ''Dioscorea'' a ko'ina cikin wurare masu zafi masu danshi. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An tattauna waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki a ƙasa. <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCalverly1998">Calverly (1998). [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm "Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics"]. United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</cite></ref> Tumatur waɗanda ba na ''Dioscorea'' ba waɗanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihi a Afirka sun haɗa da ''[[Tumuƙu|Plectranthus rotundifolius]]'' (dankalin Hausa) da ''[[Rizga|P. esculentus]]'' (dankalin Livingstone); waɗannan amfanin gona guda biyu yanzu an mayar da su baya sosai ta hanyar gabatar da [[rogo]].<ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Djerassi, C. (December 1992). "Steroid Research at Syntex: "The Pill" and Cortisone". Steroids. 57 (12): 631–641. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90016-3. PMC 1294257. <nowiki>PMID 1481227</nowiki>. S2CID 5933910.</ref><ref>Liu MJ, Wang Z, Ju Y, Wong RN, Wu QY (2005). "Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 55 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1007/s00280-004-0849-3. <nowiki>PMID 15372201</nowiki>. S2CID 11779821.</ref><ref>"Roots, Tubers, Plantains and Bananas in Human Nutrition". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Acknowledgments, preface, introduction, origins, and distribution.</ref> ==== ''D. cayensis'' ==== Doya mai launin rawaya, ''[[Doyar kudu|D. cayensis]]'', da kuma farin doya, <nowiki><i id="mwARQ">D. cayensis</i></nowiki> subsp. <nowiki><i id="mwARU">rotundata</i></nowiki>, asalinsu daga Afirka ne. Su ne doya mafi mahimmanci da aka noma. A da, ana ɗaukar farin doya a matsayin wani nau'in daban, ''D. rotundata'', amma yawancin masana harkar haraji yanzu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in doya mai launin rawaya. Ana noma nau'ikan doya sama da 200 a tsakaninsu. Farin doya yana da siffar silinda, fatar tana da santsi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma naman yawanci fari ne da tauri. Doya rawaya tana da launin rawaya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kasancewar carotenoids. Yana kama da farin doya a bayyanar waje; fatarsa yawanci tana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma ba ta da faɗi sosai. Doya rawaya tana da tsayin ciyayi da kuma ɗan gajeren barci fiye da farin doya. Nau'in Kokoro yana da mahimmanci wajen yin busasshen dankalin doya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumont |first=R. |last2=Vernier |first2=P. |date=2000 |title=Domestication of yams (''Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata'') within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin |journal=[[Outlook on Agriculture]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=137 |bibcode=2000OutAg..29..137D |doi=10.5367/000000000101293149 |s2cid=154609802}}</ref> Manyan tsirrai ne; inabin na iya zama tsawon {{Convert|10|to|12|m|ft|0}} . Tushen galibi suna da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|to|5|kg|lb|0}} kowanne, amma zai iya nauyin har zuwa {{Convert|25|kg|lb|0}} . Bayan tsawon watanni 7 zuwa 12, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen. A Afirka, yawancinsu ana niƙa su a cikin manna don yin abincin gargajiya na "yayan da aka niƙa", wanda aka sani da [[Iyan]] . ==== ''D. alata'' ==== [[Fayil:Yam_with_numerous_protruding_fibers.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya ( ''D. alata'' )]] D. alata, wanda ake kira da shunayya doya (ba za a iya rikita shi da shunayya "yam" na Okinawa ba, wanda shine dankalin turawa mai zaki ), babban doya, doya mai fuka-fuki, doya ruwa, da (wanda ba a iya fahimta ba) farin doya, [1] [2] an fara noma shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. [2] Duk da cewa ba a noma shi daidai da doya na Afirka ba, yana da mafi girman rarrabawa a duk duniya fiye da duk wani doya da aka noma, ana noma shi a Asiya, tsibiran Pacific, Afirka, da Yammacin Indiya. [2] Ko a Afirka, shaharar doya ruwa tana ta biyu bayan farin doya. Siffar tuber gabaɗaya silinda ce, amma tana iya bambanta. Naman tuber fari ne kuma mai ruwa a yanayinsa. ''D. alata'' da ''D. esculenta'' (ƙaramin doya) sune muhimman amfanin gona ga al'adun Austronesian masu tafiya a teku. An ɗauke su tare da ƙaura daga Austronesian a matsayin tsire-tsire na kwale-kwale, daga Tsibirin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya zuwa har zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] da Polynesia . <ref name="Crowther2016">{{Cite journal |last=Crowther |first=Alison |last2=Lucas |first2=Leilani |last3=Helm |first3=Richard |last4=Horton |first4=Mark |last5=Shipton |first5=Ceri |last6=Wright |first6=Henry T. |last7=Walshaw |first7=Sarah |last8=Pawlowicz |first8=Matthew |last9=Radimilahy |first9=Chantal |last10=Douka |first10=Katerina |last11=Picornell-Gelabert |first11=Llorenç |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Boivin |first13=Nicole L. |date=14 June 2016 |title=Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=113 |issue=24 |pages=6635–6640 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.6635C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1522714113 |pmc=4914162 |pmid=27247383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Beaujard2011">{{Cite journal |last=Beaujard |first=Philippe |date=August 2011 |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf |journal=[[Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa]] |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142 |s2cid=55763047}}</ref> <ref name="Bevacqua1994">{{Cite journal |last=Bevacqua |first=Robert F. |date=1994 |title=Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/29/11/1226.full.pdf |journal=[[HortScience]] |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1226–1229 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=L.D. |date=2003 |title=Uhi |url=http://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html |series=Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4ruaavcvrhy2mray9gu23cu9bcsvtbj 884916 884915 2026-07-19T13:14:26Z Ashiru Lawal 24821 884916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Yam_at_monday_market_kaduna_state_01.jpg|thumb|Farin doya iri-iri, Dioscorea rotundata a cikin kasuwar ranar litinin a [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]], Najeriya]] [[Fayil:YamsatBrixtonMarket.jpg|thumb|Fararen doya a kasuwar dillalai a Brixton, Ingila, 2004]] '''Doya''' ita ce sunan da aka saba amfani da shi ga wasu nau'ikan abinci a cikin halittar ''Dioscorea'' (iyalin Dioscoreaceae ) waɗanda ke samar da tubers masu cin abinci (wasu nau'ikan a cikin halittar suna da guba). Doya ita ce inabi ne [[Shuka mai Shekaru|masu]] daɗaɗɗen ganye waɗanda aka noma a Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka kuma ana noma su don cin ganyen sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]] . Tushen da kansu, waɗanda kuma ake kira "doya", suna zuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban saboda nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da su.<ref>Dumont, R.; Vernier, P. (2000). "Domestication of yams (Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata) within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin". Outlook on Agriculture D.E. (1987). Root Crops. London, UK: Tropical Development and Research Institute.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith (2014). Fruit and Vegetables: Harvesting, Handling and Storage. <ref>Crowther, Alison; Lucas, Leilani; Helm, Richard; Horton, Mark; Shipton, Ceri; Wright, Henry T.; Walshaw, Sarah; Pawlowicz, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Douka, Katerina; Picornell-Gelabert, Llorenç; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Boivin, Nicole L. (14 June 2016). "Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Bibcode:2016PNAS..113 odoi:10.1073/pnas.1522714113. PMC 4914162. <nowiki>PMID 27247383</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Beaujard, Philippe (August 2011). "The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence" (PDF). Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 46 (2): 169–189. doi:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142. S2CID 55763047.</ref><ref>Bevacqua, Robert F. (1994). "Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study" (PDF). HortScience. 29 (11): 1226–1229. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.<ref>White, L.D. (2003). "Uhi". Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi.</ref><ref>Schultz, G.E. (1993). "Element Stewardship Abstract for Dioscorea bulbifera, Air potato". Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 September 2006.</ref><ref>Zulu, Donald; Ellis, Richard H.; Culham, Alastair (25 January 2019). "Collection, Consumption, and Sale of Lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora) — a Wild Yam — by Rural Households in Southern Province, Zambia". == Bayani == [[Fayil:കാച്ചിൽ-കിഴങ്ങ്.JPG|thumb|Doya]] Doya, wadda take da alaƙa da furannin fure da ciyawa, ciyawa ce mai ƙarfi, tana girma inabin inabi [[Shuka mai Shekaru|na tsawon lokaci]] daga buro . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}</ref> An san wasu nau'ikan doya 870, <ref name="cabi" /> kaɗan daga cikinsu ana noma su sosai don buroshinsu masu cin abinci amma wasu kuma suna da guba (kamar ''D. communis'' ).<ref>Zulu, D.; Ellis, R. H.; Culham, A. (2020). "Propagation of lusala (Dioscorea hirtiflora), a wild yam, for in situ and ex situ conservation and potential domestication". Experimental Agriculture. 56 (3): 453–468. doi:10.1017/S0014479720000083. S2CID 216212360.</ref><ref>Thompson, Anthony Keith; Oduro, Ibok (2021). Yams: Botany, Production and Uses. Oxford: CABI. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78924-927-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Linus Opara (2003). "YAMS: Post-Harvest Operation" (PDF).</ref><ref>"Yam production in 2019". Crops/Regions/World/Production Quantity. FAOSTAT, Statistics Division of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2021.</ref><ref>Dioscorea dumetorum: Useful Tropical Plants</ref><ref>Jesus, M.; Martins, A. P; Gallardo, E.; Silvestre, S. (2016). "Diosgenin: Recent Highlights on Pharmacology and Analytical Methodology". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry. 2016: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2016/4156293. Shuke-shuken doya na iya girma har zuwa {{Convert|15|m|ft|-1}} a tsayi da {{Convert|7|to|15|cm|in}} . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)" International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Tushen zai iya girma zuwa ƙasa har zuwa {{Convert|1.5|m|ft}} zurfi. <ref name="cabi" /> Shuke-shuken yana yaɗuwa ta hanyar iri . <ref name="cabi" /><ref>Oke, O.L. (1990). Redhead, J.; Hussain, M.A. (eds.). Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102862-9</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Glycemic index and glycemic load for 100+ foods". Harvard Health Publications. Harvard Medical School. 2008.</ref><ref>Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition - Nutritive value". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 25 May 2020.</ref> Tushen da ake ci yana da fata mai kauri wadda take da wahalar barewa amma tana da laushi idan aka dafa ta. Fatar ta bambanta a launi daga launin ruwan kasa mai duhu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske. Yawancin nama, ko nama, na kayan lambu sun ƙunshi wani abu mai laushi wanda ya bambanta daga fari ko rawaya zuwa shunayya ko ruwan hoda a cikin doya mai girma.<ref>"Kwashiorkor (Protein-Calorie Malnutrition)". Tropical Medicine Central Resource. 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2012.</ref> == Asalin Ma'anar == Sunan "yam" ya bayyana ya samo asali ne daga harshen Portugal ''inhame'' ko [[Canarian Mutanen Espanya|Canarian Spanish]] ''ñame'', wanda ya samo asali ne daga [[Fillanci|harshen Fula]], ɗaya daga cikin [[Harsunan Nijar-Congo|harsunan Yammacin Afirka]] a lokacin ciniki. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Portuguese, wannan sunan yawanci yana nufin shukar [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) daga nau'in ''Colocasia'', sabanin ''Dioscorea'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Inhame dos Açores |url=https://tradicional.dgadr.gov.pt/pt/cat/outros-produtos-vegetais/771-inhame-dos-acores |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Produtos Tradicionais Portugueses]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Sabores dos Açores:|url=https://www.clubevinhosportugueses.pt/turismo/sabores-dos-acores-inhame/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |publisher=[[Clube Vinhos Portugueses]]}}</ref><ref>United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref><ref>TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1</nowiki>. <nowiki>PMID 30844154</nowiki>. NCBI NBK545428.</ref><ref>Uwaegbute, Osho and Obatolu (1998). Postharvest technology and commodity marketing: Proceedings of a postharvest conference. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. p. 172. <nowiki>ISBN 978-978-131-111-6</nowiki>.</ref> Manyan abubuwan da aka samo daga fi'ili suna da ma'anar "cin abinci". Doya na gaske suna da sunaye daban-daban gama gari a yankuna daban-daban na duniya. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> A wasu wurare, wasu kayan lambu (marasa alaƙa) ana kiransu da "yams", waɗanda suka haɗa da: <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> * A Amurka, [[Dankali|dankali mai zaki]] ( ''Ipomoea batatas'' ), musamman waɗanda ke da naman lemu, galibi ana kiransu da "yams" <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the difference between sweet potatoes and yams? |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |website=LOC.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Research Service |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150315002720/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/Nov2002/ao296e.pdf |archive-date=15 March 2015 |access-date=26 November 2009}}</ref> * A Ostiraliya, ƙwayar ''Microseris walteri'', ko kuma yam daisy, abinci ne na asali ga [['Yan asalin Australiya|'yan asalin ƙasar Ostiraliya]] a wasu yankuna. * A New Zealand, ana kiran oca ( ''Oxalis tuberosa'' ) da "yam". <ref name="jsfa">{{Cite journal |last=Albihn, P.B.E. |last2=Savage, G.P. |date=18 June 2001 |title=The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand-grown oca (''Oxalis tuberosa'' Mol) |journal=[[Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture]] |volume=81 |issue=10 |pages=1027–1033 |bibcode=2001JSFA...81.1027A |doi=10.1002/jsfa.890}}</ref> * A [[Maleshiya|Malaysia]] da [[Singafora|Singapore]], [[Gwaza|taro]] ( ''Colocasia esculenta'' ) ana kiransa "yam". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lam |first=Lim Chin |title=I yam not taro |url=http://thestar.com.my/english/story.asp?file=/2010/7/16/lifefocus/6651716&sec=lifefocus |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]}}</ref> * A Afirka, Kudu da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya da kuma tsibiran Pacific masu zafi, ana noma ''Amorphophallus paeonifolius'' kuma ana kiransa da "ƙafar giwa". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Santosa |first=Edi |last2=Lian |first2=Chun Lan |last3=Sugiyama |first3=Nobuo |last4=Misra |first4=Raj Shekhar |last5=Boonkorkaew |first5=Patchareeya |last6=Thanomchit |first6=Kanokwan |last7=Chiang |first7=Tzen-Yuh |display-authors=1 |date=28 June 2017 |title=Population structure of elephant foot yams (''Amorphophallus paeoniifolius'' (Dennst.) Nicolson) in Asia |journal=[[PLOS ONE]] |volume=12 |issue=6 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1280000S |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0180000 |pmc=5489206 |pmid=28658282 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Rarrabawa da wurin zama == Doya ta samo asali ne daga Afirka, Asiya, da Amurka. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An yi kiwon nau'ikan guda uku daban-daban a waɗannan nahiyoyi: ''D. rotundata'' (Afirka), ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' (Asiya), da kuma ''D.<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwrQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>trifida'' (Kudancin Amurka). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nora Scarcelli |display-authors=etal |date=1 May 2019 |title=Yam genomics supports West Africa as a major cradle of crop domestication |journal=[[Science Advances]] |volume=5 |issue=5 |bibcode=2019SciA....5.1947S |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947 |pmc=6527260 |pmid=31114806 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>"Undernutrition". The Merck Manual: The Home Health Handbook. 2010.</ref><ref>OB Izekor; MI Olumese (December 2010). "Determinants of yam production and profitability in Edo State, Nigeria" (PDF). African Journal of General Agriculture. 6 (4). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2017.</ref><ref>Yam, raw nutrition facts and analysis". www.nutritionvalue.org. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nutrient data laboratory". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref><ref>Roots, Tubers, and Plantains in Food Security: In Sub-Saharan Africa, in Latin America and the Caribbean, in the Pacific. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. 1989. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-102782-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Ilimin Halittu == Wasu doya tsire-tsire ne masu cin zarafi, waɗanda galibi ana ɗaukar su a matsayin ciyawa mai cutarwa a wajen wuraren da aka noma. <ref>Robertson, Gordon; Lupien, John (2008). "Minimizing Postharvest Losses in Yam (Dioscorea spp.): Treatments and Techniques". Using food science and technology to improve nutrition and promote national development: Selected case studies. International Union of Food Science & Technology. S2CID 107695924.</ref><ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref><ref>Sam, Christopher (1 May 2021). "Food and culture: A case study of Ghana's Etor/Otor (Recipe Included)". TheAfricanDream. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Nweke, Felix; Aidoo, Robert; Okoye, Benjamin (July 2013). "Yam Consumption Patterns in West Africa". Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2017.</ref> == Noma == [[Fayil:Kaachil_cut.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya da aka girbe sabo ( ''[[Sakata|D.&nbsp;alata]]'' ) an yanka shi don giciye-sashe]] Ana noma doya don cin ƙwayar sitaci a yankuna masu zafi da [[Wurare masu zafi (Tropics)|yanayi mai zafi]], musamman a Yammacin Afirka, Kudancin Amurka da [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]], Asiya, da [[Osheniya|Oceania]] . <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Kimanin kashi 95% na amfanin gonakin doya ana noma su ne a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Everyday Mysteries: Yam |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/sweetpotato.html |publisher=Library of Congress, United States of America}}</ref><ref>Mavis, Meals by (1 January 2022). "Yam Eto (Ghanaian Mashed Yams)". Meals by Mavis. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Osinkolu, Lola (27 August 2021). "YAM | TRUE YAM | AFRICAN YAM". Chef Lola's Kitchen. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>TRT Global - Nigeria: How New Yam Festival keeps Igbo's rooted traditions alive". trt.global. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Gonar doya tana farawa ne lokacin da aka dasa dukkan tsaba ko sassan tubers a cikin tuddai ko tuddai, a farkon lokacin damina. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara ne akan yadda da kuma inda aka shuka sets ɗin, girman tuddai, tazarar tsakanin tsirrai, samar da sandunan da aka shuka, nau'in doya, da girman tubers da ake so a lokacin girbi. Ƙananan manoma a Yammacin da Tsakiyar Afirka galibi [[wiktionary:intercrop|suna haɗa]] doya da hatsi da kayan lambu. Doya iri suna da lalacewa kuma suna da yawa don jigilar su. Manoma waɗanda ba su sayi sabbin doya iri ba galibi suna ware har zuwa kashi 30% na girbin su don shuka a shekara mai zuwa. Gonar doya tana fuskantar matsin lamba daga nau'ikan kwari iri-iri da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta, da kuma nematodes . Girman su da lokacin barcin su sun yi daidai da lokacin damina da lokacin rani. Don yawan amfanin gona, doya suna buƙatar yanayi mai danshi na wurare masu zafi, tare da ruwan sama na shekara-shekara sama da {{Convert|1500|mm|in|0}} suna rarrabawa daidai gwargwado a duk lokacin girma. Doya fari, rawaya, da ruwa yawanci suna samar da babban buro ɗaya a kowace shekara, gabaɗaya suna da nauyin {{Convert|5|to|10|kg|lb|0}} . <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}</ref> Doya tana fama da ƙarancin kwari da cututtuka. <ref name="Solomon" /> Akwai wani da ''Colletotrichum gloeosporioides'' ke haifarwa wanda ya bazu ko'ina a yankunan da ke girma a duniya. <ref name="Solomon" /> Winch ''et al.'', 1984 sun gano ''C.&nbsp;gloeosporioides'' yana shafar adadi mai yawa na ''Dioscorea'' spp.<ref>El cultivo de ñame en el Caribe colombiano". Banco de la República, Colombia. 21 June 2012.</ref><ref>More Than a Trend: The History of Ube and What It Means to the Filipino People". Kapwa Gardens. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref><ref>Yam Root Dye</ref><ref>Singh, K.K. and Kaushal Kumar. Ethnobotanical wisdom of Gaddi tribe in Western Himalaya. 2000. p.18.</ref><ref>Rana, M., Kabra, A., Kabra, R., Rana, M. and Dhatwalia, V. 2015. Plant Species used by locals as Ethano - Medicine in Gohar Tehsil, Distt. Mandi Region of North Western Himalaya. Archived 7 September 2023 at the Wayback Machine PharmaTutor. 3, 4 (Apr. 2015), 47-52.</ref> Duk da yawan buƙatun ma'aikata da farashin samarwa, buƙatar masu amfani da doya tana da yawa a wasu yankuna na Afirka, <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> wanda hakan ya sa noman doya ya zama mai riba ga wasu manoma. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PubMed Central (PMC) |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ |access-date=2025-06-07 |website=PubMed Central (PMC) |language=en}}</ref><ref>Rajendra, Gupta (1993). "Conservation and utilization of Indian Medicinal Plants". Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources. 6 (2). ISSN 0971-8184. Retrieved 16 September 2021.</ref><ref>Naleba, Mere (25 April 2015). "Million dollar aim". The Fiji Times Online. Retrieved 1 June 2017.</ref><ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Marker RE, Krueger J (1940). "Sterols. CXII. Sapogenins. XLI. The Preparation of Trillin and its Conversion to Progesterone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (12): 3349–3350. Bibcode:1940JAChS..62.3349M. doi:10.1021/ja01869a023.</ref> === Manyan nau'ikan da aka noma === Ana samun nau'ikan doya da yawa da aka noma a ''Dioscorea'' a ko'ina cikin wurare masu zafi masu danshi. <ref name="cabi">{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam) |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 |access-date=5 December 2017 |publisher=[[Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/19293 "''Dioscorea alata'' (white yam)"]. [[CAB International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> An tattauna waɗanda suka fi muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki a ƙasa. <ref name="stofao1">{{Cite web |last=Calverly |date=1998 |title=Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm |publisher=United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCalverly1998">Calverly (1998). [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5415E/x5415e00.htm "Storage and Processing of Roots and Tubers in the Tropics"]. United Nations [[Food and Agriculture Organization]].</cite></ref> Tumatur waɗanda ba na ''Dioscorea'' ba waɗanda suka kasance masu mahimmanci a tarihi a Afirka sun haɗa da ''[[Tumuƙu|Plectranthus rotundifolius]]'' (dankalin Hausa) da ''[[Rizga|P. esculentus]]'' (dankalin Livingstone); waɗannan amfanin gona guda biyu yanzu an mayar da su baya sosai ta hanyar gabatar da [[rogo]].<ref>Goody, Jack (1996). Cooking, cuisine and class: A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 78–81. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-28696-1</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Djerassi, C. (December 1992). "Steroid Research at Syntex: "The Pill" and Cortisone". Steroids. 57 (12): 631–641. doi:10.1016/0039-128X(92)90016-3. PMC 1294257. <nowiki>PMID 1481227</nowiki>. S2CID 5933910.</ref><ref>Liu MJ, Wang Z, Ju Y, Wong RN, Wu QY (2005). "Diosgenin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells with the disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 55 (1): 79–90. doi:10.1007/s00280-004-0849-3. <nowiki>PMID 15372201</nowiki>. S2CID 11779821.</ref><ref>"Roots, Tubers, Plantains and Bananas in Human Nutrition". United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. Acknowledgments, preface, introduction, origins, and distribution.</ref> ==== ''D. cayensis'' ==== Doya mai launin rawaya, ''[[Doyar kudu|D. cayensis]]'', da kuma farin doya, <nowiki><i id="mwARQ">D. cayensis</i></nowiki> subsp. <nowiki><i id="mwARU">rotundata</i></nowiki>, asalinsu daga Afirka ne. Su ne doya mafi mahimmanci da aka noma. A da, ana ɗaukar farin doya a matsayin wani nau'in daban, ''D. rotundata'', amma yawancin masana harkar haraji yanzu suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin wani nau'in doya mai launin rawaya. Ana noma nau'ikan doya sama da 200 a tsakaninsu. Farin doya yana da siffar silinda, fatar tana da santsi da launin ruwan kasa, kuma naman yawanci fari ne da tauri. Doya rawaya tana da launin rawaya, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon kasancewar carotenoids. Yana kama da farin doya a bayyanar waje; fatarsa yawanci tana da ɗan ƙarfi kuma ba ta da faɗi sosai. Doya rawaya tana da tsayin ciyayi da kuma ɗan gajeren barci fiye da farin doya. Nau'in Kokoro yana da mahimmanci wajen yin busasshen dankalin doya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumont |first=R. |last2=Vernier |first2=P. |date=2000 |title=Domestication of yams (''Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata'') within the Bariba ethnic group in Benin |journal=[[Outlook on Agriculture]] |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=137 |bibcode=2000OutAg..29..137D |doi=10.5367/000000000101293149 |s2cid=154609802}}</ref> Manyan tsirrai ne; inabin na iya zama tsawon {{Convert|10|to|12|m|ft|0}} . Tushen galibi suna da nauyin kimanin {{Convert|2.5|to|5|kg|lb|0}} kowanne, amma zai iya nauyin har zuwa {{Convert|25|kg|lb|0}} . Bayan tsawon watanni 7 zuwa 12, ana girbe 'ya'yan itacen. A Afirka, yawancinsu ana niƙa su a cikin manna don yin abincin gargajiya na "yayan da aka niƙa", wanda aka sani da [[Iyan]] . ==== ''D. alata'' ==== [[Fayil:Yam_with_numerous_protruding_fibers.jpg|thumb|Doya mai launin shunayya ( ''D. alata'' )]] D. alata, wanda ake kira da shunayya doya (ba za a iya rikita shi da shunayya "yam" na Okinawa ba, wanda shine dankalin turawa mai zaki ), babban doya, doya mai fuka-fuki, doya ruwa, da (wanda ba a iya fahimta ba) farin doya, [1] [2] an fara noma shi a Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya. [2] Duk da cewa ba a noma shi daidai da doya na Afirka ba, yana da mafi girman rarrabawa a duk duniya fiye da duk wani doya da aka noma, ana noma shi a Asiya, tsibiran Pacific, Afirka, da Yammacin Indiya. [2] Ko a Afirka, shaharar doya ruwa tana ta biyu bayan farin doya. Siffar tuber gabaɗaya silinda ce, amma tana iya bambanta. Naman tuber fari ne kuma mai ruwa a yanayinsa. ''D. alata'' da ''D. esculenta'' (ƙaramin doya) sune muhimman amfanin gona ga al'adun Austronesian masu tafiya a teku. An ɗauke su tare da ƙaura daga Austronesian a matsayin tsire-tsire na kwale-kwale, daga Tsibirin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya zuwa har zuwa [[Madagaskar|Madagascar]] da Polynesia . <ref name="Crowther2016">{{Cite journal |last=Crowther |first=Alison |last2=Lucas |first2=Leilani |last3=Helm |first3=Richard |last4=Horton |first4=Mark |last5=Shipton |first5=Ceri |last6=Wright |first6=Henry T. |last7=Walshaw |first7=Sarah |last8=Pawlowicz |first8=Matthew |last9=Radimilahy |first9=Chantal |last10=Douka |first10=Katerina |last11=Picornell-Gelabert |first11=Llorenç |last12=Fuller |first12=Dorian Q. |last13=Boivin |first13=Nicole L. |date=14 June 2016 |title=Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion |journal=[[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]] |volume=113 |issue=24 |pages=6635–6640 |bibcode=2016PNAS..113.6635C |doi=10.1073/pnas.1522714113 |pmc=4914162 |pmid=27247383 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name="Beaujard2011">{{Cite journal |last=Beaujard |first=Philippe |date=August 2011 |title=The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence |url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00706173/file/Beaujard.azania2.pdf |journal=[[Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa]] |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=169–189 |doi=10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142 |s2cid=55763047}}</ref> <ref name="Bevacqua1994">{{Cite journal |last=Bevacqua |first=Robert F. |date=1994 |title=Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study |url=http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/29/11/1226.full.pdf |journal=[[HortScience]] |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=1226–1229 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226 |doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=L.D. |date=2003 |title=Uhi |url=http://www.canoeplants.com/uhi.html |series=Canoe Plants of Ancient Hawaiʻi}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g1v793pv0f3yo78xvcqgoxeh4fq5j3a 5 6193 885076 77750 2026-07-20T06:49:16Z Isanwanka 46169 /* Isan Wanka Mahuta */ sabon sashe 885076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idan kana da bukata ko wata jumla da kakeson ƙirkira, ko wasu sababbabin kasidu, zaka iya tambaya anan kasa. Mungode.''' == References == Hi! How would you say ''References'' in Hausa, so we can properly group our references under a subtitle? Thanks! [[User:Exilexi|Exilexi]] ([[User talk:Exilexi|talk]]) 10:51, 23 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Hi Exilexi, :You can use "Mazanarta"! :Thanks for your help! –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 08:49, 25 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) Well I think it is manazarta not mazanarta. [[User:Alamin Tahir|Alamin Tahir]] ([[User talk:Alamin Tahir|talk]]) 13:12, 7 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Isan Wanka Mahuta == == Tarihin Rayuwa == Isan Wanka mawakin soyayya ne dana gargajiya ɗan asalin garin Mahuta ne da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Dandume a Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Yana harkokin kasuwanci da suka shafi ma'adanai (minerals) da kuma fannin Engineering. Baya ga harkokin kasuwancinsa, yana da sha'awar fasaha da kiɗa, inda ya ke gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban a wannan fanni. == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Isan Wanka a garin Safana Iladoka da ke Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya taso cikin kyawawan ɗabi'u da jajircewa wajen neman ilimi da sana'a. A halin yanzu, yana rayuwarsa a garin Mahuta, inda yake gudanar da wasu harkokinsa na yau da kullum. Haka kuma, Isan Wanka yana gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a biranen Abuja da Kano, musamman a fannin ma'adanai da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi Engineering. Jajircewarsa da ƙwazonsa sun taimaka masa wajen bunƙasa harkokinsa tare da bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'umma. === Harkar Waƙa === Isan Wanka ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan garin Mahuta masu kishin bunƙasa harkar kiɗan Hausa ta hanyar amfani da kafafen sada zumunta. Shi ne mutum na farko daga garin Mahuta da ya fara ɗora waƙoƙinsa a dandamalin sada zumunta, lamarin da ya buɗe ƙofa ga sauran matasa masu sha'awar harkar kiɗa da nishaɗi a garin. Ta hanyar waƙoƙinsa, Isan Wanka ya yi ƙoƙarin tallata garin Mahuta tare da bayyana al'adunta da kuma nuna basirar matasan yankin. Ya kuma yi amfani da kafafen yaɗa labarai na zamani wajen isar da ayyukansa ga masu sauraro a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya da ma ƙasashen waje. === Gudummawa === Baya ga harkokinsa na kasuwanci a fannin ma'adanai da Engineering, Isan Wanka yana bayar da gudummawa wajen bunƙasa fasahar kiɗa a garin Mahuta. Kasancewarsa mutum na farko da ya fara wallafa waƙoƙinsa a kafafen sada zumunta daga garin Mahuta ya zama abin ƙarfafawa ga matasa masu tasowa da suke sha'awar shiga harkar kiɗa da amfani da fasahar zamani wajen tallata ayyukansu. [[User:Isanwanka|Isanwanka]] ([[User talk:Isanwanka|talk]]) 06:49, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 4uz1gm93s8lo0e5rbkyw59544olyyys 885079 885076 2026-07-20T06:54:08Z Isanwanka 46169 /* Tarihin Rayuwa */ Kadan Daga Labarin "Isan Wanka" 885079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idan kana da bukata ko wata jumla da kakeson ƙirkira, ko wasu sababbabin kasidu, zaka iya tambaya anan kasa. Mungode.''' == References == Hi! How would you say ''References'' in Hausa, so we can properly group our references under a subtitle? Thanks! [[User:Exilexi|Exilexi]] ([[User talk:Exilexi|talk]]) 10:51, 23 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Hi Exilexi, :You can use "Mazanarta"! :Thanks for your help! –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 08:49, 25 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) Well I think it is manazarta not mazanarta. [[User:Alamin Tahir|Alamin Tahir]] ([[User talk:Alamin Tahir|talk]]) 13:12, 7 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Isan Wanka Mahuta == == Tarihin Rayuwa == Isan Wanka Mahuta mawaki ne kuma mai rera waƙoƙi daga garin Mahuta da ke jihar Katsina, a ƙasar Najeriya. An haife shi a ranar 26 ga Watan Disamba, shekara ta 2000. Sananne ne wajen ƙira da rubuta waƙoƙin soyayya, waƙoƙin zamani na gayu, da kuma waƙoƙin taron biki da na ƙarfafa gwiwa ga matasa. Mawaki ne da ke amfani da kafofin sada zumunta irin su TikTok, YouTube, da shafukan yanar gizo don yaɗa fasaharsa da kuma haɗa kai da sauran mawaƙa da masu fasaha na gida. Isan Wanka mawakin soyayya ne dana gargajiya ɗan asalin garin Mahuta ne da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Dandume a Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Yana harkokin kasuwanci da suka shafi ma'adanai (minerals) da kuma fannin Engineering. Baya ga harkokin kasuwancinsa, yana da sha'awar fasaha da kiɗa, inda ya ke gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban a wannan fanni. == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Isan Wanka a garin Safana Iladoka da ke Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya taso cikin kyawawan ɗabi'u da jajircewa wajen neman ilimi da sana'a. A halin yanzu, yana rayuwarsa a garin Mahuta, inda yake gudanar da wasu harkokinsa na yau da kullum. Haka kuma, Isan Wanka yana gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a biranen Abuja da Kano, musamman a fannin ma'adanai da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi Engineering. Jajircewarsa da ƙwazonsa sun taimaka masa wajen bunƙasa harkokinsa tare da bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'umma. === Harkar Waƙa === Isan Wanka ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan garin Mahuta masu kishin bunƙasa harkar kiɗan Hausa ta hanyar amfani da kafafen sada zumunta. Shi ne mutum na farko daga garin Mahuta da ya fara ɗora waƙoƙinsa a dandamalin sada zumunta, lamarin da ya buɗe ƙofa ga sauran matasa masu sha'awar harkar kiɗa da nishaɗi a garin. Ta hanyar waƙoƙinsa, Isan Wanka ya yi ƙoƙarin tallata garin Mahuta tare da bayyana al'adunta da kuma nuna basirar matasan yankin. Ya kuma yi amfani da kafafen yaɗa labarai na zamani wajen isar da ayyukansa ga masu sauraro a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya da ma ƙasashen waje. === Gudummawa === Baya ga harkokinsa na kasuwanci a fannin ma'adanai da Engineering, Isan Wanka yana bayar da gudummawa wajen bunƙasa fasahar kiɗa a garin Mahuta. Kasancewarsa mutum na farko da ya fara wallafa waƙoƙinsa a kafafen sada zumunta daga garin Mahuta ya zama abin ƙarfafawa ga matasa masu tasowa da suke sha'awar shiga harkar kiɗa da amfani da fasahar zamani wajen tallata ayyukansu. [[User:Isanwanka|Isanwanka]] ([[User talk:Isanwanka|talk]]) 06:49, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) a3sm6n2aon5f4yj0gkbg3r7xjz7lo9v 885081 885079 2026-07-20T07:15:52Z Isanwanka 46169 /* Isan Wanka Mahuta */ sabon sashe 885081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Idan kana da bukata ko wata jumla da kakeson ƙirkira, ko wasu sababbabin kasidu, zaka iya tambaya anan kasa. Mungode.''' == References == Hi! How would you say ''References'' in Hausa, so we can properly group our references under a subtitle? Thanks! [[User:Exilexi|Exilexi]] ([[User talk:Exilexi|talk]]) 10:51, 23 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) :Hi Exilexi, :You can use "Mazanarta"! :Thanks for your help! –[[User:DonCamillo|DonCamillo]] ([[User talk:DonCamillo|talk]]) 08:49, 25 ga Yuni, 2018 (UTC) Well I think it is manazarta not mazanarta. [[User:Alamin Tahir|Alamin Tahir]] ([[User talk:Alamin Tahir|talk]]) 13:12, 7 Satumba 2020 (UTC) == Isan Wanka Mahuta == == Tarihin Rayuwa == Isan Wanka Mahuta mawaki ne kuma mai rera waƙoƙi daga garin Mahuta da ke jihar Katsina, a ƙasar Najeriya. An haife shi a ranar 26 ga Watan Disamba, shekara ta 2000. Sananne ne wajen ƙira da rubuta waƙoƙin soyayya, waƙoƙin zamani na gayu, da kuma waƙoƙin taron biki da na ƙarfafa gwiwa ga matasa. Mawaki ne da ke amfani da kafofin sada zumunta irin su TikTok, YouTube, da shafukan yanar gizo don yaɗa fasaharsa da kuma haɗa kai da sauran mawaƙa da masu fasaha na gida. Isan Wanka mawakin soyayya ne dana gargajiya ɗan asalin garin Mahuta ne da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Dandume a Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Yana harkokin kasuwanci da suka shafi ma'adanai (minerals) da kuma fannin Engineering. Baya ga harkokin kasuwancinsa, yana da sha'awar fasaha da kiɗa, inda ya ke gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban a wannan fanni. == Farkon Rayuwa == An haifi Isan Wanka a garin Safana Iladoka da ke Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. Ya taso cikin kyawawan ɗabi'u da jajircewa wajen neman ilimi da sana'a. A halin yanzu, yana rayuwarsa a garin Mahuta, inda yake gudanar da wasu harkokinsa na yau da kullum. Haka kuma, Isan Wanka yana gudanar da harkokin kasuwanci a biranen Abuja da Kano, musamman a fannin ma'adanai da sauran ayyukan da suka shafi Engineering. Jajircewarsa da ƙwazonsa sun taimaka masa wajen bunƙasa harkokinsa tare da bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban al'umma. === Harkar Waƙa === Isan Wanka ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin fitattun matasan garin Mahuta masu kishin bunƙasa harkar kiɗan Hausa ta hanyar amfani da kafafen sada zumunta. Shi ne mutum na farko daga garin Mahuta da ya fara ɗora waƙoƙinsa a dandamalin sada zumunta, lamarin da ya buɗe ƙofa ga sauran matasa masu sha'awar harkar kiɗa da nishaɗi a garin. Ta hanyar waƙoƙinsa, Isan Wanka ya yi ƙoƙarin tallata garin Mahuta tare da bayyana al'adunta da kuma nuna basirar matasan yankin. Ya kuma yi amfani da kafafen yaɗa labarai na zamani wajen isar da ayyukansa ga masu sauraro a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya da ma ƙasashen waje. === Gudummawa === Baya ga harkokinsa na kasuwanci a fannin ma'adanai da Engineering, Isan Wanka yana bayar da gudummawa wajen bunƙasa fasahar kiɗa a garin Mahuta. Kasancewarsa mutum na farko da ya fara wallafa waƙoƙinsa a kafafen sada zumunta daga garin Mahuta ya zama abin ƙarfafawa ga matasa masu tasowa da suke sha'awar shiga harkar kiɗa da amfani da fasahar zamani wajen tallata ayyukansu. [[User:Isanwanka|Isanwanka]] ([[User talk:Isanwanka|talk]]) 06:49, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) == Isan Wanka Mahuta == Isan Wanka Mahuta sunan da ka fi amfani da shi a harkar kiɗa ne. An bayyana shi a baya a matsayin mawakin Hausa daga Mahuta, ƙaramar hukumar Dandume, Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. An san Isan Wanka Mahuta da: Waƙoƙin soyayya. Waƙoƙin fadakarwa. Waƙoƙin al'adu da suka shafi rayuwar Hausawa. Rubuta waƙoƙi da nishaɗantar da jama'a. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka ambata akwai: Waƙar "Madubin Raina". Shirin matasa na MAHUTA YOUTH CONNECT. A takaice, Isan Wanka Mahuta mawaki ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙin Hausa wanda yake amfani da fasahar zamani wajen yaɗa ayyukansa na kiɗa da nishaɗantarwa. [[User:Isanwanka|Isanwanka]] ([[User talk:Isanwanka|talk]]) 07:15, 20 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) a29bgyk18q1rba4fff1xxf2qc5yf53i 0 6930 885216 873323 2026-07-20T11:38:48Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885216 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Ilimi shi ne yada sani, da ƙwarewa, da kuma inganta ɗabi'u. Ilimi a tsare (formal education) yana faruwa ne a cikin wani tsari na musamman, kamar a makarantun jama'a ko na [[gwamnati]] waɗanda ke bin wani tsarin karatu. Ilimi wanda ba a tsare a matsayin makaranta ba (non-formal education) shi ma yana bin wani tsari ne, amma yana faruwa a wajen tsarin makaranta na al'ada. Yayin da ilimin gida ko na al'ada (informal education) ya haɗa da ilmantarwa mara tsari wadda ke faruwa ta hanyar abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullum. Ana rarraba ilimin makaranta zuwa matakai daban-daban, gami da ilimin yara na matakin farko, ilimin firamare, ilimin sakandare, da kuma ilimin gaba da sakandare (jami'a ko kwaleji). Wasu rabe-raben kuma suna mayar da hankali ne kan hanyoyin koyarwa, kamar koyarwa da ta karkata kan malami ko kan ɗalibi, da kuma fannonin darussa, kamar ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harsuna, da ilimin motsa jiki. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar "ilimi" na iya nufin yanayin tunani da ɗabi'un mutane masu ilimi, ko kuma fannin ilimi da ke yin nazari a kan tsarin koyo da koyarwa. Ana samun saɓanin ra'ayi game da ainihin ma'anar ilimi da kuma manufofinsa, musamman kan yadda ilimi ya bambanta da tsagwaron koyarwa kawai wajen inganta tunani mai zurfi. Wannan saɓanin ra'ayi yana yin tasiri a kan yadda ake tantancewa, da auna, da kuma inganta nau'o'in ilimi daban-daban. A asali, ilimi yana shigar da yara cikin al'umma ta hanyar koya musu ɗabi'u da ƙa'idojin al'adu, sannan yana ba su ƙwarewar da ake buƙata domin su zama mutane masu amfani ga al'ummarsu. Ta yin hakan, ilimi na haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin cikin gida da ma na duniya baki ɗaya. Cibiyoyin ilimi a tsare (formal institutions) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan fanni. Misali, gwamnatoci kan kafa manufofin ilimi domin tantance tsawon lokacin karatu, da tsarin darussa, da kuma ƙa'idojin halartar makaranta. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kuwa, irin su UNESCO, sun taka rawar gani matuƙa wajen tabbatar da samun ilimin matakin firamare ga dukkan yara. Abubuwa da yawa sunakara basira ga nasarar ilimi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tunanin mutum sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka. Abubuwan zamantakewa, kamar Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kabilanci, da jinsi, galibi suna da alaƙa da nuna bambanci. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yankin ilimi na farko da ke jarraba ilimi an san shi da karatun ilimi. Yana zurfafa cikin yanayin ilimi, manufofinsa, tasirinsa, da hanyoyin ingantawa. Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban, gami da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, da tattalin arzikin ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika batutuwa kamar ilimin kwatankwacin, koyarwa, da Tarihin ilimi. A cikin prehistory, ilimi da farko ya faru ne ta hanyar sadarwa ta baki da kwaikwayon. Tare da fitowar wayewa zamani, kirkirar rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da fadada ilimi, wanda ya haifar da sauyawa daga ilimi na al'ada zuwa ilimi na al-ada. Da farko, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai sauƙin isa ga fitattun mutane da kungiyoyin addini. Zuwan na'urar buga littattafai a karni na 15 ya sauƙaƙa samun dama ga littattafai, don haka kara yawan karatu da rubutu. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, ilimin jama'a ya sami mahimmanci, yana ba da hanya ga ƙungiyar duniya don samar da ilimin firamare ga kowa, kyauta, kuma tilas har zuwa wani zamani. A halin yanzu, sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya suna zuwa makarantar firama. == Ma'anar ==   Kalmar "ilimi" ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Latin educare, ma'ana "don kawowa," da educere, ma'anar "don kawo haihuwa". [1] Ma'anar ilimi ta bincika ta hanyar masu ilimin kimiyya daga fannoni daban-daban. [2] Mutane da yawa sun yarda cewa ilimi aiki ne mai ma'ana wanda aka yi niyya don cimma burin kamar watsa ilimi, ƙwarewa, da halaye.[3] Koyaya, muhawara mai zurfi ta kewaye ainihin yanayin ta fiye da waɗannan fasalulluka. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin yana kallon ilimi a matsayin tsari da ke faruwa a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru kamar makaranta, koyarwa, da koyo.[4] Wani hangen nesa yana ganin ilimi ba a matsayin tsari ba amma a matsayin yanayin tunani da kuma halin da ake ciki na mutane masu ilimi suka haifar da wannan tsari.[5] Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya komawa ga fagen ilimi wanda ke nazarin hanyoyin, matakai, da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da hannu a koyarwa da ilmantarwa.[6] Samun kyakkyawar fahimtar kalmar yana da mahimmanci yayin ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, auna nasarar ilimi, da inganta ayyukan ilimi.[7] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da cikakkun ma'anoni ta hanyar gano takamaiman fasalulluka na musamman ga kowane nau'in ilimi. Masanin ilimin ilimi R. S. Peters, alal misali, ya tsara muhimman abubuwa uku na ilimi, gami da ba da ilimi da fahimta ga ɗalibi, tabbatar da cewa tsari yana da fa'ida, da kuma gudanar da shi a hanyar da ta dace.[1] Duk da yake irin waɗannan ma'anoni masu kyau galibi suna nuna nau'ikan ilimi yadda ya kamata, suna fuskantar zargi saboda nau'ikan ilimin da ba a saba gani ba na iya fadawa waje da sigogin su.[2] Yin hulɗa da misalai marasa daidaituwa waɗanda ba a rufe su da ainihin ma'anoni na iya zama ƙalubale, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu masu ra'ayi suka fi son bayar da ma'anonin da ba su da ma'anar daidai bisa ga kamanceceniyar iyali a maimakon haka. Wannan tsarin yana nuna cewa duk nau'ikan ilimi suna kama da juna amma ba sa buƙatar raba saiti na muhimman fasalulluka na kowa.[3] Wasu masu ilimin ilimi, kamar Keira Sewell da Stephen Newman, suna jayayya cewa kalmar "ilimi" ta dogara da mahallin. [lower-alpha 1][4] Bincike ko mahimman ra'ayoyi[lower-alpha 1] na ilimi suna tabbatar da cewa yana cikin yanayin ilimi don haifar da wani nau'i na ci gaba. Sun bambanta da ra'ayoyi masu laushi, waɗanda ke ba da bayani mara kyau.[1] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da bayanin ilimi ta hanyar lura da yadda ake amfani da kalmar a cikin harshe na yau da kullun. Ra'ayoyin umarni, a gefe guda, suna bayyana abin da ke samar da ilimi mai kyau ko kuma yadda ya kamata a yi ilimi.[2] Yawancin ra'ayoyi masu kauri da ka'idoji suna kallon ilimi a matsayin ƙoƙari wanda ke ƙoƙarin cimma takamaiman Manufofin, wanda zai iya haɗawa da samun ilimi, koyon yin tunani da hankali, da haɓaka halaye irin su alheri da gaskiya. [3][4] Masana daban-daban sun jaddada muhimmancin tunani mai mahimmanci wajen rarrabe ilimi daga koyarwa.[1] Suna jayayya cewa koyarwa tana mai da hankali ne kawai kan koyar da imani a cikin ɗalibai, ba tare da la'akari da halayensu ba; yayin da ilimi kuma yana ƙarfafa ikon tunani don bincika da kuma tambayar waɗannan imani. [2][3] Koyaya, ba a yarda da duniya ba cewa waɗannan abubuwan biyu za a iya rarrabe su a sarari, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan koyarwa na iya zama dole a farkon matakan ilimi lokacin da tunanin yaro bai riga ya bunƙasa ba. Wannan ya dace musamman a lokuta inda yara ƙanana dole ne su koyi wasu abubuwa ba tare da fahimtar ainihin dalilan ba, kamar takamaiman ka'idojin tsaro da ayyukan tsabta.[4] Ana iya kwatanta ilimi daga ra'ayoyin malami da ɗalibai. Ma'anar malami tana jaddada hangen nesa da rawar malami wajen watsa ilimi da ƙwarewa a hanyar da ta dace.[1] A gefe guda, ma'anar ɗalibai suna nazarin ilimi bisa ga shigar ɗalibai a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa, suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan tsari yana canzawa da wadatar da abubuwan da suka biyo baya.[2] Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari da ma'anar da suka haɗa da ra'ayoyin biyu. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana ganin ilimi a matsayin tsari na kwarewar ɗabi'a, wanda ya haɗa da gano duniya ta kowa da kuma warware matsaloli haɗin gwiwa.[3] == Nau'o'in == Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na ilimi. Ɗaya daga cikin rarrabuwa ya dogara da tsarin ma'aikata, rarrabe tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-ada. Wani rarrabuwa ya haɗa da matakai daban-daban na ilimi bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin da rikitarwa na abun ciki. Ƙarin rukunoni suna mai da hankali kan batun, hanyar koyarwa, matsakaici da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma kudade.[1] === Hanyar da ba ta dace ba, da kuma na al'ada ===   Rarrabawar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-adaba.[1] [lower-alpha 1] ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin tsarin tsarin tsarin, yawanci tare da tsari na lokaci da matsayi. Tsarin makaranta na zamani yana shirya azuzuwan bisa ga shekarun dalibi da ci gaba, daga makarantar firamare zuwa jami'a. Yawancin lokaci gwamnati ce ke kula da ilimi na yau da kullun kuma sau da yawa ana ba da umarni har zuwa wani shekaru.[2] Ilimi mara kyau da na al'ada yana faruwa a waje da tsarin makaranta na al'adu, tare da ilimin da ba na al'umma ba wanda ke aiki a matsayin matsakaicin matsakaici. Kamar ilimi na yau da kullun, ana shirya ilimi mara kyau, tsari, kuma ana bin sa tare da kyakkyawar manufa, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ayyukan kamar koyarwa, aji na motsa jiki, da shiga cikin motsi na 'yan kallo.[1] Ilimi na yau da kullun, a gefe guda, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar da ba a tsara shi ba ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau da kullun da kuma fallasa yanayin. Ba kamar ilimi na yau da kullun ba, yawanci babu wani mutum mai iko da ke da alhakin koyarwa.[2] Ilimi na al'ada yana faruwa a wurare da yanayi daban-daban a duk rayuwar mutum, sau da yawa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar yara suna koyon yarensu na farko daga iyayensu ko mutane da ke kula da ƙwarewar dafa abinci ta hanyar shirya abinci tare.[3] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya sun bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan guda uku bisa ga yanayin ilmantarwa: ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin makarantu, ilimi mara kyau yana faruwa a saitunan da ba a saba zuwa ba, kamar gidajen tarihi, kuma ilimi na yau le kullun yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin ayyukan yau da kullun.[1] Bugu da ƙari, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tushen motsawa. Ilimi na yau da kullun yana motsawa ta hanyar motsawa ta waje, wanda lada na waje ke motsawa. Sabanin haka, a cikin ilimin da ba na al'ada ba da na al'adu, motsawa ta ainihi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga jin daɗin tsarin ilmantarwa, yawanci ya fi rinjaye.[2] Duk da yake bambancin tsakanin nau'ikan uku gabaɗaya a bayyane yake, wasu nau'ikan ilimi bazai dace da rukuni ɗaya ba.[3] A cikin al'adu na farko, ilimi ya fi faruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, tare da ɗan bambanci tsakanin ayyukan ilimi da sauran ayyukan yau da kullun. Maimakon haka, duk mahalli ya zama aji, kuma manya galibi suna ɗaukar matsayin malamai. Koyaya, ilimin da ba na al'ada ba sau da yawa ya zama bai isa ba don ba da ilimi mai yawa. Don magance wannan iyakancewa, saitunan ilimi na yau da kullun da masu koyarwa da aka horar da su yawanci suna da mahimmanci. Wannan wajibi ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun a cikin tarihi. A tsawon lokaci, ilimi na yau da kullun ya haifar da canji zuwa ga ƙarin abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba da kuma batutuwa, nisanta kansa daga rayuwar yau da kullun. An fi mayar da hankali kan fahimtar ka'idoji da ra'ayoyi gaba ɗaya maimakon kawai lura da kwaikwayon takamaiman halaye.[1] === Matsayi === [[Fayil:Parent's_day_at_Eirfan's_Kindergarten.jpg|alt=Photo of a kindergarten lesson in Japan|thumb|Yara a makarantar sakandare ta Japan]] Ana rarraba nau'ikan ilimi zuwa matakai daban-daban ko matakai. Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da ke da tasiri shine Tsarin Ilimi na Duniya, wanda Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ke kula da shi. Wannan rarrabuwa ta ƙunshi ilimi na al'ada da wanda ba na al'adu ba kuma yana rarrabe matakan bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin, tsawon lokacin ilmantarwa, da rikitarwa na abubuwan da aka rufe. Ƙarin ƙa'idodi sun haɗa da buƙatun shigarwa, ƙwarewar malami, da kuma sakamakon da aka nufa na kammala nasara. An haɗa matakan cikin ilimin yara na farko (mataki 0), ilimin firamare (mataki 1), ilimin sakandare (mataki 2-3), ilimin sakandare na baya-bayan nan (mataki 4), da kuma ilimin sakandare-tsaro (mataki 5-8). [1] Ilimi na yara na farko, wanda kuma ake kira ilimin makarantar sakandare ko ilimin yara, ya ƙunshi lokacin daga haihuwa har zuwa farkon makarantar firamare. An tsara shi don sauƙaƙe ci gaban yara cikakke, magance al'amuran jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa. Ilimi na yara yana da mahimmanci wajen inganta zamantakewa da Ci gaban mutum, yayin da yake ba da ƙwarewar asali a cikin sadarwa, ilmantarwa, da warware matsaloli. Babban burinta shine shirya yara don sauyawa zuwa ilimin firamare.[1] Duk da yake ilimin makarantar sakandare yawanci zaɓi ne, a wasu ƙasashe kamar Brazil, wajibi ne tun daga shekaru huɗu.[2] [[Fayil:Early_Childhood_Education_USAID_Africa.jpg|alt=Photo of early childhood education in Ethiopia|thumb|Gidan aji na makarantar firamare a Habasha]] Ilimi na firamare (ko firamare) yawanci yana farawa tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru huɗu zuwa bakwai. Ba shi da ƙarin buƙatun shigarwa kuma yana da niyyar ba da ƙwarewar asali a karatu, rubutu, da lissafi. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da mahimman bayanai a cikin batutuwa kamar Tarihi, Yanayin ƙasa, kimiyya, kiɗa, da fasaha. Wani manufa shine sauƙaƙe ci gaban mutum.[1] A halin yanzu, ilimin firamare wajibi ne a kusan dukkanin kasashe, tare da sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya da ke halartar irin waɗannan makarantu.[2] Ilimi na sakandare yana cin nasarar ilimin firamare kuma yawanci yana da shekaru 12 zuwa 18. Yawancin lokaci ana raba shi zuwa ƙananan ilimin sakandare (kamar makarantar tsakiya ko ƙaramar makarantar sakandare) da kuma makarantar sakandare (kamar makarantar sakandare, babbar makarantar sakandare، ko kwaleji, dangane da ƙasar). Ilimi na sakandare na ƙasa yawanci yana buƙatar kammala makarantar firamare a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don shiga. Yana da niyyar fadadawa da zurfafa sakamakon ilmantarwa, tare da mai da hankali kan takamaiman darussan, kuma malamai galibi suna ƙwarewa a cikin takamaiman batutuwa ɗaya ko kaɗan. Ɗaya daga cikin burinta shine ya saba da ɗalibai da mahimman ra'ayoyin ka'idoji a cikin batutuwa daban-daban, yana kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don ilmantarwa na rayuwa. A wasu lokuta, yana iya haɗawa da nau'ikan horo na sana'a.[1] Ilimi na sakandare na tilas ne a kasashe da yawa a fadin Tsakiyar da Gabashin Asiya, Turai, da Amurka. A wasu kasashe, yana wakiltar matakin karshe na ilimi na tilas. Koyaya, karatun sakandare na tilas ba shi da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, da Kudancin da Yammacin Asiya.[2] [[Fayil:Calhan_High_School_Senior_Classroom_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Babban makarantar sakandare (na goma sha biyu) a Amurka]] Ilimi na sakandare yawanci yana farawa a kusa da shekaru 15, da nufin samar da ɗalibai da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata da ilimin aiki ko ilimi na sakandare. Karshen ilimin sakandare na yau da kullun wajibi ne. Shirin ya kunshi batutuwa da yawa, sau da yawa yana ba wa ɗalibai damar zaɓar daga zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban. Samun cancanta na al'ada, kamar difloma na makarantar sakandare, ana danganta shi da nasarar kammala karatun sakandare.[1] Ilimi bayan matakin sakandare na iya fadawa ƙarƙashin rukunin karatun sakandare ba na sakandare ba, wanda yayi kama da ilimin sakandare a cikin rikitarwa amma yana mai da hankali kan horar da sana'a ga ɗalibai masu shirye don ma'aikata.[2] [[Fayil:Distributed_Intelligent_Systems_Department_laboratory.jpg|alt=Photo of students in a laboratory at the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|thumb|Dalibai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Jihar Saint Petersburg, Rasha]] A wasu ƙasashe, ilimin sakandare yana da alaƙa da ilimi mafi girma, yayin da a wasu, ilimin sakonni ya ƙunshi faɗin faɗin.[1] Ilimi na sakandare ya gina a kan tushe da aka kafa a makarantar sakandare amma ya zurfafa cikin takamaiman fannoni ko batutuwa. Sakamakon sa ya haifar da digiri na ilimi. Ilimi na uku ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu: gajeren lokaci na uku, bachelor's, master's, da kuma ilimin digiri. Wadannan matakan galibi suna samar da tsarin matsayi, tare da samun matakan da suka gabata suna aiki a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga waɗanda suka fi girma.[2] Ilimi na sakandare na gajeren lokaci yana mai da hankali kan fannoni masu amfani, yana ba da horo na sana'a da ƙwarewa da aka tsara don sana'o'i na musamman.[3] Ilimi na matakin farko, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin digiri na farko, yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da ilimin sakandare na gajeren lokaci. Jami'o'i ne ke ba da shi kuma ya ƙare a cikin takardar shaidar ilimi ta tsakiya da aka sani da digiri na farko.[4] Ilimi na matakin Jagoran ya fi ƙwarewa fiye da ilimin digiri na farko kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da bincike mai zaman kansa, yawanci a cikin nau'in rubutun Jagora.[5] Ilimi na matakin digiri yana haifar da ƙwarewar bincike mai zurfi, yawanci digiri na likita, kamar Dokta na Falsafa (PhD). Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshe da gabatar da aiki mai mahimmanci na ilimi, kamar rubutun. Ƙarin matakan ci gaba sun haɗa da karatun post-doctoral da habilitation.[6] Samun nasarar kammala ilimi na yau da kullun yawanci yana haifar da takaddun shaida, abin da ake buƙata don ci gaba zuwa matakan ilimi mafi girma da shiga wasu sana'o'i. Yin yaudara ba tare da an gano shi ba a lokacin jarrabawa, kamar yin amfani da takardar yaudara, yana haifar da barazana ga wannan tsarin ta hanyar yiwuwar tabbatar da ɗaliban da ba su cancanta ba.[1] A mafi yawan ƙasashe, ana ba da ilimin firamare da sakandare kyauta. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a duniya a cikin farashin ilimi na sakandare. Wasu ƙasashe, kamar Sweden, Finland, Poland, da Mexico, suna ba da ilimi mai zurfi kyauta ko a farashi mai arha. Sabanin haka, a cikin kasashe kamar Amurka da Singapore, ilimi na sakandare sau da yawa yana zuwa tare da kudaden karatu masu yawa, wanda ke haifar da ɗalibai su dogara da rance mai yawa don tallafawa karatunsu.[1] Kudin ilimi na sama na iya zama babbar shinge ga ɗalibai a Kasashe masu tasowa, saboda iyalansu na iya gwagwarmaya don rufe kuɗin makaranta, siyan kayan aiki, da siyan littattafai.[2] === Sauran === Littattafan ilimi suna bincika nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban, gami da hanyoyin gargajiya da madadin. Ilimi na gargajiya ya ƙunshi hanyoyin makaranta na dogon lokaci da na al'ada, wanda ke nuna koyarwar malami a cikin yanayin makaranta. Dokoki suna sarrafa fannoni daban-daban, kamar tsarin karatu da jadawalin aji.[1] [[Fayil:Representation,_Punch_Denmark,_1889.jpg|alt=Image of a homeschooling lesson|thumb|Homeschooling yana wakiltar wani nau'i na ilimi na daban.]] Sauran ilimi yana aiki ne a matsayin laima don hanyoyin makaranta waɗanda suka bambanta da tsarin gargajiya na al'ada. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya haɗawa da bambance-mbance a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa, abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin karatu, ko kuma yanayin dangantakar malami da ɗalibi. Halaye na madadin makaranta sun haɗa da yin rajista na son rai, aji mai sauƙi da girman makaranta, da kuma koyarwa ta musamman, inganta yanayin da ya fi dacewa da motsin rai. Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar makarantun sasantawa da shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ɗalibai masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa ta musamman, tare da karatun gida da rashin makaranta. Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi falsafanci daban-daban na ilimi, gami da Makarantun Montessori, ilimin Waldorf, makarantun Round Square, makarantun Escuela Nueva, makarantun kyauta, da Makarantun dimokuradiyya.[1] Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar, wanda ke jaddada adanawa da watsa ilimi da ƙwarewar da ta samo asali a cikin al'adun' yan asalin ƙasar. Wannan tsarin sau da yawa yana amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ba da labari da ba da labari.[2] Sauran nau'o'in makarantu sun hada da Makarantun gurukul a Indiya, Makarantun madrasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da yeshivas a al'adar Yahudawa.[3][4][5] Wasu bambance-bambancen sun ta'allaka ne akan waɗanda suka sami ilimi. Rukuni bisa ga shekarun ɗalibi sune ilimin yara, ilimin matasa, ilimin manya, da ilimin tsofaffi. [1] Rukuni bisa ga jinsin halittu na ɗalibai sun haɗa da ilimin jinsi ɗaya da ilimin jinsi daban-daban . [2] An tsara ilimin musamman don biyan buƙatun ɗaliban da ke da nakasa, yana magance matsaloli daban-daban a fannin ilimi, zamantakewa, sadarwa, da kuma jiki . Manufarsa ita ce shawo kan ƙalubalen da waɗannan nakasa ke haifarwa, yana ba wa ɗaliban da abin ya shafa damar samun tsarin ilimi mai dacewa. A faffadan ma'ana, ilimin musamman ya ƙunshi ilimi ga yara masu hazaka ta hankali, waɗanda ke buƙatar manhajoji masu kyau don cimma cikakkiyar damarsu. [3] Rarrabawar da ta danganci hanyar koyarwa sun haɗa da ilimin da ke tsakiyar malami, inda malami ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da bayanai ga ɗalibai, da kuma ilimin da ke cikin ɗalibai, inda ɗalibai ke taka muhimmancin aiki da alhakin tsara ayyukan aji.[1] A cikin ilimi mai hankali, ilmantarwa da koyarwa suna faruwa tare da kyakkyawar manufa a zuciya. Ilimi mara hankali yana bayyana ba tare da shiri ko jagora ba.[2] Wannan na iya faruwa, a wani bangare, ta hanyar tasirin malamai da manya, wanda zai iya tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban halaye ɗalibai.[3] Ilimi na tushen shaida yana amfani da nazarin kimiyya don tantance hanyoyin ilimi mafi inganci. Manufarta ita ce inganta tasirin ayyukan ilimi da manufofi ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa an kafa su ne a cikin mafi kyawun shaidar da ke akwai. Wannan ya ƙunshi koyarwar da ta dogara da shaida, ilmantarwa da ta dogara ne da shaida, da kuma binciken tasirin makaranta.[4] Autodidacticism, ko ilmantarwa kai tsaye, yana faruwa ne ba tare da malamai da cibiyoyi ba. Da farko ana lura da shi a cikin ilimin manya, yana ba da 'yancin zaɓar abin da kuma lokacin da za a yi karatu, yana mai da shi ƙwarewar ilmantarwa mai gamsarwa. Koyaya, rashin tsari da jagora na iya haifar da ilmantarwa mara ma'ana, yayin da rashin Ra'ayoyin waje na iya haifar wa masu koyar da kansu da ke haɓaka ra'ayoyi marasa kyau da kuma kimanta ci gaban ilmantarwa ba daidai ba.[1] Autodidacticism yana da alaƙa da ilimin rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da koyo a duk rayuwar mutum.[2] Categories na ilimi bisa ga batun sun hada da Ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harshe, Ilimin fasaha, ilimin addini, ilimin jiki, da Ilimin jima'i.[1] Ana amfani da matsakaici na musamman kamar rediyo ko shafukan yanar gizo a cikin ilimin nesa, gami da e-learning (amfani da kwamfutoci), m-learning, da kuma ilimin kan layi. Sau da yawa, waɗannan suna ɗaukar nau'in ilimi mai buɗewa, inda darussan da kayan aiki ke samuwa tare da ƙananan shingen, ya bambanta da aji na gargajiya ko ilimi a wurin. Koyaya, ba duk nau'ikan ilimin kan layi ba ne; alal misali, wasu jami'o'i suna ba da cikakken shirye-shiryen digiri na kan layi waɗanda ba sa cikin shirye-shirye na ilimi.[2] Ilimi na Jiha, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin jama'a, gwamnati ce ke tallafawa da sarrafawa kuma yana samuwa ga jama'a gaba ɗaya.[lower-alpha 1] Yawanci ba ya buƙatar kuɗin karatu kuma saboda haka wani nau'i ne na Ilimi kyauta. Sabanin haka, cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu ne ke tallafawa da kuma gudanar da ilimin masu zaman kansu. Makarantu masu zaman kansu galibi suna da tsarin shigarwa mafi zaɓaɓɓu kuma suna ba da ilimi mai biyan kuɗi ta hanyar cajin kuɗin karatu.[1] Wani cikakken bayani game da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da alhakin ilimi, kamar iyali, makaranta, jama'a, jiha, da coci.[2] Ilimi na tilas yana nufin ilimin da aka ba mutane doka ta karɓa, da farko yana shafar yara waɗanda dole ne su halarci makaranta har zuwa wani shekaru. Wannan ya bambanta da ilimin son rai, wanda mutane ke bi bisa ga zaɓin mutum maimakon wajibin doka.[1] == Matsayi a cikin al'umma == [[Fayil:NIH_Medical_Research_Scholars_Program_(48050924987).jpg|alt=Photo of a medical researcher|thumb|kwararru kwararru, kamar masu binciken kiwon lafiya, galibi suna samun ilimi mai zurfi don sarrafa fannonin su kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga al'umma.]] Ilimi yana aiki da matsayi daban-daban a cikin al'umma, wanda ya kunshi zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da kuma yankuna na mutum. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana kafawa da kuma kula da al'umma mai ɗorewa ta hanyar ba da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don hulɗa da muhalli da cika bukatun mutum da burin. A cikin al'umma ta zamani, waɗannan ƙwarewar sun haɗa da magana, karatu, rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewa a cikin fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana sauƙaƙa zamantakewar jama'a ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da ka'idojin zamantakewa da al'adu, tsara halayyar da ta dace a wurare daban-daban. Yana inganta hadin kan jama'a, kwanciyar hankali, da zaman lafiya, yana inganta aikin kai a ayyukan yau da kullun. Duk da yake zamantakewa yana faruwa a duk rayuwarsa, ilimin yara na farko yana da muhimmancin gaske. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar inganta shiga cikin jama'a ta hanyar jefa kuri'a da shirya, yayin da kuma inganta daidaito ga kowa.[1] A matakin tattalin arziki, mutane suna zama mambobi masu amfani na al'umma ta hanyar ilimi, samun ƙwarewa fasaha da nazari da ake buƙata don ayyukansu, da kuma samar da kayayyaki da samar da sabis ga wasu. A cikin al'ummomin farko, akwai ƙwarewa kaɗan, tare da yara yawanci suna koyon ƙwarewa masu yawa da ke da muhimmanci ga aikin al'umma. Koyaya, al'ummomin zamani suna ƙara rikitarwa, tare da sana'o'i da yawa da ke buƙatar horo na musamman tare da ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan mutane ne kawai ke da ƙwarewa ga wasu sana'o'i. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarewa da halaye da aka samu don aiki na al'umma na iya yin rikici a wasu lokuta, tare da darajarsu ta dogara da mahallin. Misali, inganta son sani da yin tambaya game da koyarwar da aka kafa yana inganta tunani mai mahimmanci da kirkire-kirkire, yayin da a wasu lokuta, biyayya ga iko ya zama dole don kiyaye zaman lafiya na zamantakewa.[1]   Ta hanyar sauƙaƙe haɗin mutane cikin al'umma, ilimi yana inganta Ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana rage talauci. Yana bawa ma'aikata damar inganta ƙwarewarsu, ta haka ne inganta ingancin kayayyaki da aiyuka da aka samar, wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta wadata da haɓaka gasa.[1] Ilimi na jama'a ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci wanda ke amfanar al'umma gaba ɗaya, tare da ilimin firamare da ke nuna yawan dawowa.[2] Bugu da ƙari, ban da karfafa wadatar tattalin arziki, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya, yana rage rashin aikin yi, kuma yana inganta daidaito na zamantakewa.[3] Bugu da ƙari, karuwar ilimi tana da alaƙa da ƙananan haihuwa, wani bangare saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da shirin iyali, fadada damar mata, da jinkirin aure.[4] Ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kasar don daidaitawa da canje-canje da kuma fuskantar sabbin kalubale yadda ya kamata. Yana wayar da kan jama'a kuma yana ba da gudummawa wajen magance [[Problèmes globaux|Batutuwan duniya na zamani]], gami da [[Canjin yanayi]], dorewa, da kuma fadada bambance-bambance tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta. Ta hanyar ba da fahimtar ɗalibai game da yadda rayuwarsu da ayyukansu ke shafar wasu, ilimi na iya karfafa mutane su yi ƙoƙari su sami duniya mai ɗorewa da adalci.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Don haka, ilimi ba wai kawai yana aiki ne don kula da ka'idojin al'umma ba har ma yana aiki ne a matsayin mai haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Wannan ya kai ga yanayin tattalin arziki mai tasowa, inda ci gaban fasaha, musamman karuwar sarrafa kansa, ke sanya sabbin buƙatu ga ma'aikata waɗanda ilimi zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan. Yayin da yanayi ke tasowa, ƙwarewa da ilimin da aka koyar na iya zama tsofaffi, yana buƙatar gyare-gyaren tsarin karatu don haɗawa da batutuwa kamar ilimin dijital, da inganta ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa sabbin fasahohi. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi na iya rungumar sababbin siffofi kamar manyan darussan kan layi don shirya mutane don ƙalubale da dama masu tasowa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|HarperCollins staff|2023}}</ref> A matakin mutum, ilimi yana inganta ci gaban mutum, ya haɗa da koyon sabbin ƙwarewa, inganta baiwa, haɓaka kerawa, haɓaka ilimin kai, da kuma inganta warware matsaloli da ƙwarewar yanke shawara. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi. Sau da yawa ana samun ilimi game da batutuwan kiwon lafiya kuma suna daidaita halayensu daidai, suna amfana daga hanyoyin sadarwar [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafin zamantakewa]] da dabarun jimrewa, kuma suna jin daɗin samun kudin shiga mafi girma, suna ba su damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya mafi girma.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Muhimmancin zamantakewar ilimi an jaddada shi ta hanyar Ranar Ilimi ta Duniya ta shekara-shekara a ranar 24 ga Janairu, wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta kafa, wanda ya sanya 1970 a matsayin Shekarar Ilimi ta Kasa da Kasa. == Matsayin cibiyoyin == [[Fayil:Ministry_of_Education_of_China_(20221020141115).jpg|alt=Photo of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China|thumb|Cibiyoyin gwamnati kamar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasar Sin suna tasiri ga fannoni da yawa na ilimin jama'a.]] Cibiyoyin da aka tsara suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da yawa na ilimi. Kungiyoyi kamar makarantu, jami'o'i, cibiyoyin Horar da malamai, da ma'aikatun ilimi sun hada da bangaren ilimi. Suna hulɗa ba kawai da juna ba har ma da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, gami da iyaye, al'ummomin yankin, kungiyoyin addini, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, masu sana'a na [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], hukumomin [[Tabbatar da doka|tilasta bin doka]], dandamali na kafofin watsa labarai, da shugabannin siyasa. Mutane da yawa suna da hannu kai tsaye a bangaren ilimi, kamar dalibai, malamai, shugabannin makaranta, da ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta da masu haɓaka tsarin karatun. Abubuwa daban-daban na ilimi na yau da kullun ana tsara su ta hanyar manufofi cibiyoyin gwamnati. Wadannan manufofi suna ƙayyade shekarun da yara ke buƙatar halartar makaranta da kuma lokacin da ake gudanar da azuzuwan, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi yanayin makaranta, kamar ababen more rayuwa. Dokokin kuma suna rufe ainihin cancanta da bukatun da malamai ke buƙatar cikawa. Wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin ilimi ya shafi tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi don koyarwa a makarantu, kwalejoji, da jami'o'i. Tsarin karatu shine shirin koyarwa ko shirin ilmantarwa wanda ke jagorantar ɗalibai don cimma burinsu na ilimi. Ana yawan zaɓar batutuwa bisa ga muhimmancin su kuma sun dogara da nau'in makaranta. Manufofin tsarin karatun makarantar jama'a yawanci shine bayar da cikakken ilimi, yayin da horar da sana'a ke mai da hankali kan takamaiman ƙwarewa a cikin filin. Har ila yau, darussan sun rufe fannoni daban-daban ban da batun da za a tattauna, kamar hanyar koyarwa, manufofin da za a cimma, da kuma ka'idojin kimanta ci gaba. Ta hanyar ƙayyade tsarin karatun, cibiyoyin gwamnati suna da tasiri sosai a kan abin da ilimi da ƙwarewa ake watsawa ga ɗalibai. Misalan cibiyoyin gwamnati sun hada da [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta ƙasa (Indiya)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]] a Indiya, Ma'aikatu na Ilimi na asali a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> da Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Jama'a'a a Mexico. <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> [[Fayil:Flag_of_UNESCO_(cropped).svg|alt=Logo of UNESCO|thumb|Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kamar [[UNESCO]], sun yi amfani da tasiri sosai wajen tsara ka'idojin ilimi da manufofi a duk duniya.]] Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi. Misali, UNESCO kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke inganta ilimi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine bayar da shawarwari ga manufofin ilimi, kamar Yarjejeniyar [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara]], wanda ya bayyana ilimi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ga dukan yara da matasa. Shirin Ilimi don Dukkanin ya yi niyyar samar da ilimi na asali ga dukkan yara, matasa, da manya a shekarar 2015, daga baya ya sami nasarar da shirin Ci gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa, musamman [[Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 4|burin 4]]. Manufofin da suka danganci sun hada da Yarjejeniyar kan nuna bambanci a Ilimi da shirin [[Makomar Ilimi]]. Wasu kungiyoyi masu tasiri ba na gwamnati ba ne maimakon na gwamnati. Misali, Ƙungiyar Jami'o'i ta Duniya tana inganta haɗin gwiwa da musayar ilimi tsakanin kwalejoji da jami'o'in duniya, yayin da Baccalaureate na Duniya ke ba da shirye-shiryen difloma na duniya. Cibiyoyin kamar Shirin Erasmus suna sauƙaƙa musayar ɗalibai tsakanin ƙasashe, yayin da shirye-shirye kamar Shirin Fulbright ke ba da irin wannan sabis ga malamai.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka haifar da nasarar ilimi == Nasarar ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira dalibi da nasarorin ilimi, ya shafi yadda aka cimma burin ilimi, kamar samun ilimi da ƙwarewa ta ɗalibai. Don dalilai masu amfani, galibi ana auna shi da farko dangane da ƙimar jarrabawar hukuma, amma akwai ƙarin alamomi da yawa, gami da ƙimar halartar, ƙimar digiri, ƙimar barin, halayen ɗalibai, da alamun bayan makaranta kamar su kudin shiga da ƙimar ɗaurin kurkuku. Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri ga nasarorin ilimi, kamar abubuwan da suka shafi [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]], da abubuwan zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zamantakewar ɗalibin. Ƙarin dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu kuma suna rinjayar juna. === Halin tunani === A matakin tunanin mutum, abubuwan da suka dace sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Motsawa ita ce ƙarfin ciki wanda ke motsa mutane su shiga cikin ilmantarwa. Dalibai masu motsawa suna iya hulɗa tare da abubuwan da za a koya ta hanyar shiga cikin ayyukan aji kamar tattaunawa, wanda ke haifar da zurfin fahimtar batun. Motsawa na iya taimaka wa ɗalibai su shawo kan matsaloli da koma baya. Wani muhimmin bambanci yana tsakanin motsawa na ciki da na waje. Dalibai masu motsawa suna motsawa ta hanyar sha'awar batun da kuma kwarewar ilmantarwa kanta. Dalibai masu motsawa na waje suna neman lada na waje kamar maki masu kyau da karbuwa daga takwarorinsu. Motsi na ciki yana da fa'ida, yana haifar da karuwar kerawa, shiga, da kuma sadaukarwa na dogon lokaci. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna da niyyar gano hanyoyin da za su kara motsawa, kamar karfafa gasa mai kyau tsakanin dalibai yayin da suke kula da daidaituwa na kyakkyawan ra'ayi da mara kyau ta hanyar yabo da zargi mai mahimmanci. Ilimi yana tasiri sosai ga martani na mutane ga ilimi. Halin fahimta ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon koyo daga gogewa, fahimta, da kuma amfani da ilimi da ƙwarewa don magance matsaloli. Mutanen da ke da maki mafi girma a cikin ma'aunin hankali yawanci suna yin mafi kyau a ilimi kuma suna bin matakan ilimi mafi girma. Sau da yawa ana danganta hankali da manufar IQ, ma'auni mai ma'aunin lambobi wanda ke kimanta hankali bisa ga ƙwarewar [[lissafi]] da magana. Koyaya, an yi jayayya cewa hankali ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban fiye da IQ. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Howard Gardner ya gabatar da nau'o'i daban-daban na hankali a cikin fannoni kamar lissafi, tunani, ilimin sararin samaniya, harshe, da kiɗa. Ƙarin nau'ikan hankali suna tasiri ga hulɗar mutum da mutum. Wadannan basira galibi suna da ikon cin gashin kansu, ma'ana cewa mutum na iya yin fice a cikin wani nau'i yayin da yake yin aiki mara kyau a cikin wani. A cewar masu goyon bayan ka'idar salon ilmantarwa, hanyar da aka fi so na samun ilimi da ƙwarewa wani abu ne. Sun riƙe cewa ɗalibai tare da salon ilmantarwa na ji suna da sauƙin fahimtar laccoci da tattaunawa, yayin da masu koyo na gani ke amfana daga bayanan da aka gabatar da gani, kamar a cikin zane-zane da bidiyo. Don sauƙaƙe ingantaccen ilmantarwa, yana iya zama da fa'ida don haɗa hanyoyi daban-daban na ilmantarwa. An soki salon ilmantarwa saboda tabbacin tabbaci na amfanin ɗalibai da rashin amintaccen ƙididdigar salon ilmantarwar ɗalibai ta malamai. Halin mai koyo na iya rinjayar nasarar ilimi. Misali, halaye irin su lamiri da budewa ga gogewa, waɗanda aka gano a cikin manyan halaye biyar, suna da alaƙa da nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Sauran abubuwan tunani sun haɗa da ingancin kai, Girman kai, da ƙwarewar Metacognitive. === Harkokin zamantakewa === Abubuwan zamantakewa ba a kan halayen halayyar masu koyo ba amma a kan mahallinsu da matsayi na al'umma. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]], asalin al'adu, da [[jinsi]], suna jawo sha'awa mai yawa daga masu bincike saboda alaƙarsu da rashin daidaito da [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]]. Sakamakon haka, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin yin manufofi da nufin rage tasirin su. matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana rinjayar abubuwan da suka wuce kudin shiga kawai, gami da Tsaro na kudi, matsayi na zamantakewa, da halayen da suka shafi ingancin rayuwa. Rashin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana tasiri ga nasarar ilimi a hanyoyi da yawa. Yana da alaƙa da saurin ci gaban fahimta a cikin harshe da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma ƙimar raguwa mafi girma. Iyalai masu iyakacin kudi na iya gwagwarmaya don biyan bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na yaransu, yana hana ci gaban su. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya rasa albarkatun saka hannun jari a cikin kayan ilimi kamar kayan wasa masu motsawa, littattafai, da kwamfutoci. Matsalolin kudi na iya hana halartar manyan makarantu, wanda ke haifar da yin rajista a cibiyoyin da ke cikin yankunan da ba su da tattalin arziki. Irin waɗannan makarantu galibi suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar ƙarancin malamai da kayan ilimi marasa isasshen kayan aiki da wurare kamar ɗakunan karatu, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, iyaye na iya ba da darussan sirri ga yara da ke bayan ilimi. A wasu lokuta, ana tilasta dalibai daga asalin da ba su da wadataccen tattalin arziki su bar makaranta don ba da gudummawa ga samun kudin shiga na iyali. Ƙayyadadden damar samun bayanai game da ilimi mafi girma da ƙalubale wajen tabbatarwa da biyan bashin ɗalibai sun kara tsananta halin da ake ciki. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana da alaƙa da rashin lafiya na jiki da na tunani, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake zagayowar rashin daidaito na zamantakewa wanda ke ci gaba a cikin tsararraki. Tushen kabilanci yana da alaƙa da bambancin al'adu da shingen harshe, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙalubale ga ɗalibai wajen daidaitawa da yanayin makaranta da fahimtar azuzuwan. Bugu da ƙari, nuna bambanci da nuna bambanci ga 'yan tsiraru na kabilanci sun kara kara tsananta waɗannan matsalolin. Irin wannan nuna bambanci na iya shafar girman kai na ɗalibai, motsawa, da kuma samun damar samun ilimi. Misali, malamai na iya ɗaukar ra'ayoyi na al'ada, duk da cewa ba a bayyane yake nuna [[wariyar launin fata]] ba, wanda ke haifar da bambancin bambancin wasan kwaikwayon da ya danganci kabilanci na yaro. A tarihi, jinsi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi yayin da ka'idojin al'umma suka nuna matsayi daban-daban ga maza da mata. Ilimi a al'ada ya fi son maza, waɗanda aka ba su aikin samar da iyali, yayin da ake sa ran mata su gudanar da gidaje da kula da yara, sau da yawa suna iyakance damar samun ilimi. Kodayake waɗannan bambance-bambance sun inganta a cikin al'ummomin zamani da yawa, bambance-mbance tsakanin jinsi sun ci gaba a ilimi. Wannan ya haɗa da nuna bambanci da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi matsayin jinsi a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, musamman a fannoni kamar kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi (STEM), waɗanda galibi ana nuna su a matsayin maza. Irin wannan fahimta na iya hana daliban mata daga bin waɗannan batutuwa. A lokuta daban-daban, nuna bambanci bisa ga jinsi da abubuwan zamantakewa yana faruwa a bayyane a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin ilimi na hukuma, kamar ƙuntatawa mai tsanani da [[Taliban]] ta ɗora wa ilimin mata a [[Afghanistan]], da rarrabewar makaranta na baƙi da mazauna birane a cikin China a ƙarƙashin tsarin hukou. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan zamantakewa da yawa ana nuna su ta hanyar tsammanin da ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyi. Wadannan tsammanin suna aiki a waje, wanda ya rinjayi yadda wasu ke amsawa ga mutanen da ke cikin takamaiman kungiyoyi, kuma a ciki, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar yadda mutane ke shiga ciki da kuma bin su. A wannan bangaren, waɗannan tsammanin na iya bayyana a matsayin Annabce-annabce masu cika kansu ta hanyar shafar sakamakon ilimi da suke hangowa. Irin waɗannan sakamakon na iya rinjayar ra'ayoyi masu kyau da marasa kyau.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Fasahar da sauransu === [[Fasaha|Fasahar]] tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Duk da yake fasahar ilimi galibi tana da alaƙa da na'urorin dijital na zamani kamar kwamfutoci, iyakarsa ta wuce hakan. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan albarkatu da kayan aiki daban-daban don ilmantarwa, gami da kayan taimako na gargajiya kamar littattafai da takardun aiki, ban da na'urorin dijital. [[Fayil:OLPC_Haiti.jpg|alt=Photo of a group of children being introduced to a laptop|right|thumb|Gabatar da yara a Haiti zuwa na'urar Laptop guda ɗaya ga kowane yaro]] Fasahar ilimi na iya inganta ilmantarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin tushen tushen bayanai a cikin aji, yana bawa malamai damar rarraba lokacin su da kuzari ga wasu ayyuka kamar tsara darasi, jagorancin ɗalibai, da kimanta aikin.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Ta hanyar gabatar da bayanai ta amfani da zane-zane, sauti, da bidiyo maimakon rubutu kawai, fasahar ilimi na iya inganta fahimta. Abubuwan hulɗa, kamar wasannin ilimi, suna ƙara sa masu koyo su shiga cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Bugu da ƙari, fasaha tana sauƙaƙa samun kayan ilimi ga masu sauraro da yawa, musamman ta hanyar albarkatun kan layi, yayin da kuma inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɗalibai da sadarwa tare da malamai. Haɗin [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] a cikin ilimi yana da alkawari don samar da sabbin abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai da tallafawa malamai a cikin aikinsu. Koyaya, yana kuma gabatar da sabbin haɗarin da suka shafi sirrin bayanai, bayanan da ba daidai ba, da magudi. Kungiyoyi daban-daban suna ba da shawara ga damar dalibai ga fasahar ilimi, gami da shirye-shirye irin su One Laptop per Child, da African Library Project, da Pratham . Har ila yau, kayan aikin makaranta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Ya ƙunshi fannoni na zahiri kamar wurin makarantar, girman, da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Yanayi mai lafiya da aminci, ɗakunan ajiya masu kyau, kayan aji masu dacewa, da kuma samun damar zuwa ɗakin karatu da kantin abinci, duk suna ba da gudummawa ga inganta nasarar ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin malamai yana da tasiri sosai ga nasarorin ɗalibai. Kwararrun malamai suna da ikon motsawa da kuma karfafa dalibai, da kuma daidaita umarni ga iyawa da bukatun mutum. Kwarewarsu ta dogara da iliminsu, horo, da kwarewar koyarwa. Wani bincike na Engin Karadağ et al. ya kammala cewa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran tasiri, abubuwan da suka shafi makarantar da malamin suna da babban tasiri akan nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Har ila yau, sa hannun iyaye yana inganta nasarori kuma yana iya kara karfin yara da sadaukarwa lokacin da suka san iyayensu suna saka hannun jari a cikin kokarin iliminsu. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da karuwar girman kai, inganta yawan halarta, da kuma halin kirki a makaranta. Haɗin iyaye yana rufe sadarwa tare da malamai da sauran ma'aikatan makaranta don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan yanzu da kuma bincika yiwuwar yanke shawara. Sauran dalilai masu dacewa, a wasu lokuta ana magance su a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi, sun haɗa da al'amuran tarihi, siyasa, yawan jama'a, addini, da shari'a. == Nazarin ilimi == [[Fayil:LockeEducation1693.jpg|alt=Photo of the cover of the title page of John Locke's 1693 book "Some Thoughts Concerning Education"|right|thumb|Littafin [[John Locke]] Some Thoughts Concerning Education daga 1693 aiki ne na tushe a cikin karatun ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref>]] Yankin farko da ke binciken ilimi an san shi da nazarin ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira kimiyyar ilimi. Yana neman fahimtar yadda ake watsa ilimi da kuma samun shi ta hanyar nazarin hanyoyi da nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban. Wannan horo yana zurfafawa cikin manufofi, tasiri, da muhimmancin ilimi, tare da al'adu, al'umma, gwamnati, da kuma tarihin da ke rinjayar shi. Masana ilimin ilimi suna samun fahimta daga fannoni daban-daban, gami da [[Falsafa|falsafar]], ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, tarihi, [[Siyasa]], da alakar kasa da kasa. Sakamakon haka, wasu suna jayayya cewa karatun ilimi ba shi da cikakkiyar hanyar da kuma batun da aka samu a cikin horo kamar kimiyyar lissafi ko tarihi. Nazarin ilimi yana mai da hankali kan nazarin ilimi da tunani mai mahimmanci kuma ya bambanta a wannan bangare daga shirye-shiryen horar da malamai, wanda ke nuna mahalarta yadda za su zama malamai masu inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ba kawai ilimi na yau da kullun ba har ma yana bincika dukkan siffofi da bangarorin hanyoyin ilimi. Ana amfani da Hanyoyin bincike daban-daban don bincika abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, an rarraba su cikin ƙididdiga, inganci, da hanyoyin haɗuwa. Bincike mai yawa yana nuna hanyoyin kimiyyar halitta, ta amfani da daidaitattun ma'auni na lambobi don tattara bayanai daga abubuwan lura da yawa da kuma amfani da kayan aikin kididdiga don bincike. Manufarta ita ce cimma burin da fahimta mara son kai. Sabanin haka, bincike mai inganci yawanci ya haɗa da ƙaramin samfurin kuma yana neman samun fahimta game da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum da na mutum, kamar abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta a cikin tsarin ilimi. Binciken hanyoyin da aka haɗu yana da niyyar haɗa bayanan da aka tattara daga hanyoyin biyu don cimma daidaitattun fahimta da cikakkiyar fahimta. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai sun bambanta kuma suna iya ganawa da lura kai tsaye, ƙididdigar gwaji, tambayoyi, da tambayoyin. Ayyukan bincike na iya bincika mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri ga kowane nau'in ilimi ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman aikace-aikace, neman mafita ga wasu matsaloli, ko kimanta tasirin shirye-shiryen ilimi da manufofi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> === Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa === Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar ilimin koyarwa, bincike na ilimi, ilimi na kwatankwacin, da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da Tarihin ilimi. Falsafar ilimi reshe ne na falsafar da aka yi amfani da ita wanda ke nazarin yawancin mahimman ra'ayoyin da ke haifar da ka'idar da aikin ilimi. Yana bincika ilimi a matsayin tsari da horo yayin da yake neman samar da cikakkun ma'anoni game da yanayin sa da bambance-bambance daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Bugu da ƙari, yana zurfafa cikin manufar ilimi, nau'ikansa daban-daban, da kuma tunanin malamai, ɗalibai, da alakarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ka'idojin ilimi, wanda ke nazarin tasirin ɗabi'a na ilimi, kamar ka'idodin ka'idoji da ke jagorantar shi da kuma yadda malamai ya kamata su yi amfani da su ga takamaiman yanayi. Falsafar ilimi tana da dogon tarihi kuma batun magana ne a cikin [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka ta dā]]. Kalmar "pedagogy" wani lokacin ana amfani da ita tare da karatun ilimi, amma a cikin takamaiman ma'ana, tana nufin ɓangaren da aka mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa. Yana bincika yadda za'a iya cimma burin ilimi, kamar watsa ilimi ko ci gaban ƙwarewa da halaye. Pedagogy ya damu da hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen koyarwa a cikin saitunan ilimi na al'ada. Duk da yake wasu ma'anoni sun iyakance shi ga wannan mahallin, a cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan ilimi, gami da hanyoyin koyarwa fiye da yanayin makaranta na gargajiya. A cikin wannan mahallin mai zurfi, yana bincika yadda malamai zasu iya sauƙaƙa abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai don haɓaka fahimta su game da batun da kuma yadda ilmantarwa kanta ke faruwa. Ilimin halayyar ilimi yana zurfafa cikin hanyoyin tunani da ke haifar da ilmantarwa, yana mai da hankali kan yadda mutane ke samun sabbin ilimi da ƙwarewa da kuma samun ci gaban mutum. Yana bincika dalilai daban-daban da ke tasiri ga sakamakon ilimi, yadda waɗannan abubuwan suka bambanta tsakanin mutane, da kuma yadda yanayi ko kulawa ke ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan sakamakon. Muhimman ka'idojin ilimin halayyar mutum da ke tsara ilimi sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da [[Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)|constructivism]]. Harkokin da suka danganci ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa da ilimin kwakwalwa na ilimi, wanda ke bincika hanyoyin Neuropsychological da canje-canje da ke da alaƙa da ilmantarwa. Yankin ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi ya zurfafa cikin yadda ilimi ke tsara zamantakewa, yana nazarin yadda abubuwan zamantakewa da akidar ke tasiri ga samun ilimi da nasarar mutum a ciki. Yana bincika tasirin ilimi a kan kungiyoyin al'umma daban-daban da rawar da take takawa wajen tsara asalin mutum. Musamman, ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaito, yana ba da fahimta da ta dace da manufofin ilimi da nufin ganowa da magance abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga rashin daidaito. Abubuwa biyu da suka fi dacewa a cikin wannan fagen sune ka'idar yarjejeniya da ka'idar rikici. Masu ra'ayin yarjejeniya sun ce ilimi yana amfana da al'umma ta hanyar shirya mutane don matsayinsu na al'umma, yayin da masu ra'ayin rikice-rikice ke kallon ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki da ke aiki da masu mulki don ci gaba da rashin daidaito. Yankin tattalin arziki na ilimi yana binciken samarwa, rarrabawa, da amfani da ilimi. Yana neman inganta rabon albarkatu don inganta ilimi, kamar kimanta tasirin karuwar albashi na malami akan ingancin malami. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika tasirin ƙananan ɗalibai da saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin fasahohin ilimi. Ta hanyar samar da fahimta game da rabon albarkatu, tattalin arzikin ilimi yana taimaka wa masu tsara manufofi wajen yanke shawara wanda ke kara fa'idodin al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, yana nazarin tasirin tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci na ilimi, gami da rawar da yake takawa wajen inganta ƙwararrun ma'aikata da haɓaka gasa ta ƙasa. Wani yanki mai alaƙa da sha'awa ya haɗa da nazarin fa'idodin tattalin arziki da rashin fa'idodi na tsarin ilimi daban-daban. [[Fayil:Education_index_UN_HDR_2007_2008.PNG|alt=World map showing the Education Index of 2007/2008|thumb|Ilimi na kwatankwacin yana amfani da kayan aiki kamar Ilimi don kwatanta tsarin ilimi a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban. Kasashe masu tsayi suna nunawa a cikin kore, yayin da ake nuna ƙasashe masu tsayin daka a cikin ja.]] Ilimi na kwatankwacin shine horo wanda ke nazarin da kuma bambanta tsarin ilimi. Kwatanta na iya faruwa daga hangen nesa ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman dalilai kamar zamantakewa, siyasa, ko tattalin arziki. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ga ƙasashe daban-daban, ilimin kwatankwacin yana kimanta kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance na Cibiyoyin ilimi da ayyukansu, yana kimanta sakamakon hanyoyin daban-daban. Ana iya amfani da shi don samun fahimta daga wasu ƙasashe game da manufofin ilimi masu inganci da kuma yadda za'a iya inganta tsarin mutum. Wannan aikin, wanda aka sani da aro na manufofi, yana gabatar da ƙalubale kamar yadda nasarar manufofi na iya dogara da yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu na ɗalibai da malamai. Wani batu mai alaƙa da jayayya ya shafi ko tsarin ilimi na [[Developed country|Kasashe masu tasowa]] sun fi kyau kuma ya kamata a fitar da su ga waɗanda ba su da ci gaba. Sauran mahimman batutuwa sun haɗa da ƙasashen duniya na ilimi da rawar da ilimi ke takawa wajen sauyawa daga mulkin kama karya zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya. Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin juyin halitta na ayyukan ilimi, tsarin, da cibiyoyi. Yana bincika matakai daban-daban, abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da su da tasirin su, da kuma alakarsu.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Manufofin da akidar === [[Fayil:Propaganda_poster_in_a_primary_school_-_DPRK_(2604154887).jpg|alt=Propaganda poster in a primary school in North Korea|thumb|Hoton farfaganda a makarantar firamare a Koriya ta Arewa. Gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka akai-akai suna amfani da ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki don koyar da ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Torabian|2022}}{{Sfn|Golosov|2017}}]] Babban batu a cikin karatun ilimi yana kewaye da yadda ya kamata a ilimantar da mutane da kuma waɗanne manufofi ya kamata su jagorantar wannan tsari. An gabatar da manufofi daban-daban, gami da samun ilimi da ƙwarewa, ci gaban mutum, da haɓaka halaye. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da halaye kamar son sani, kerawa, tunani, da tunani mai mahimmanci, tare da halaye na tunani, ji, da kuma yin aiki da ɗabi'a. Masana sun bambanta kan ko fifita dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi kamar [['Yanci]], cin gashin kai, da bude zuciya, ko halaye kamar biyayya ga iko, tsarkakar akida, ibada, da [[Imani|Bangaskiyar addini]]. Wasu masu ilimin ilimi suna mai da hankali kan manufa guda ɗaya na ilimi, suna kallon ƙarin takamaiman manufofi a matsayin hanyar wannan ƙarshen. A matakin mutum, wannan manufar sau da yawa ana daidaita ta da taimakawa ɗalibin wajen rayuwa mai kyau. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana da niyyar horar da mutane a cikin membobin al'umma masu amfani. Akwai muhawara game da ko babban manufar ilimi shine don amfanin mutum mai ilimi ko al'umma gaba ɗaya. Ra'ayoyin ilimi sun haɗa da tsarin mahimman ra'ayoyin falsafa da ka'idojin da aka yi amfani da su don fassara, fahimta, da kuma tantance ayyukan ilimi da manufofi. Suna magance fannoni daban-daban fiye da manufofin ilimi, gami da batutuwan da aka koyar, tsarin ayyukan ilmantarwa, rawar malamai, hanyoyin tantance ci gaban ilimi, da kuma ƙirar tsarin ma'aikata da manufofi. Wadannan akidar sun bambanta kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da juna. Ra'ayoyin da ke tsakiyar malamai suna ba da fifiko ga rawar da malamai ke takawa wajen ba da ilimi ga ɗalibai, yayin da ra'ayoyin ɗalibai ke ba da gudummawa a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Ka'idodin da suka danganci tsari suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa da ilmantarwa, ya bambanta da akidar da aka samo asali, wanda ke la'akari da ilimi dangane da sakamakon da ake so. Ra'ayoyin [[Conservatism|Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya]] suna goyan bayan ayyukan gargajiya, yayin da [[Ilimi mai ci gaba|Ra'ayoyin ci gaba]] ke ba da shawara ga kirkire-kirkire da kerawa. Ƙarin rukunoni sune ɗan adam, [[Romanticism|soyayya]], muhimmancin gaske, encyclopaedism, [[pragmatism]], da kuma akidar mulkin mallaka da dimokuradiyya. === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa suna ƙoƙari su bayyana hanyoyin da ke haifar da ilmantarwa. Ka'idoji masu tasiri sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da constructivism. Halin halayyar ya nuna cewa ilmantarwa yana haifar da canji a cikin halayyar don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar gabatar da wani motsawa, haɗin wannan motsawa tare da amsa da ake so, da ƙarfafa wannan haɗin motsawa-amsa. Cognitivism yana kallon ilmantarwa a matsayin canji a cikin tsarin fahimta kuma yana jaddada hanyoyin tunani da ke tattare da shigarwa, dawowa, da sarrafa bayanai. Constructivism ya tabbatar da cewa ilmantarwa ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da mutum ya samu kuma yana mai da hankali kan hulɗar zamantakewa da fassarar su ta mai koyo. Wadannan ra'ayoyin suna da mahimman bayanai ga ayyukan koyarwa. Misali, masu halayyar sau da yawa suna jaddada maimaita motsa jiki, masu ilimin halayyar na iya ba da shawara ga dabarun mnemonic, kuma masu constructivists yawanci suna amfani da dabarun ilmantarwa na hadin gwiwa. Ra'ayoyi daban-daban suna nuna cewa ilmantarwa ya fi tasiri idan ya dogara da kwarewar mutum. Bugu da ƙari, yin niyyar zurfin fahimta ta hanyar haɗa sabbin bayanai zuwa ilimin da ya riga ya kasance ana ɗaukarsa mafi fa'ida fiye da haddace jerin abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa. Wani ka'idar ci gaba mai tasiri na ilmantarwa ya gabatar da shi daga masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Jean Piaget, wanda ya tsara matakai huɗu na ilmantarka ta hanyar da yara ke ci gaba a kan hanyarsu zuwa balaga: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete aiki, da kuma tsari na aiki. Wadannan matakai sun dace da matakai daban-daban na abstraction, tare da matakai na farko da ke mai da hankali kan ayyukan motsi da na motsi masu sauƙi, yayin da matakai daga baya suka haɗa da wakilci na ciki da sarrafa bayanai masu rikitarwa, kamar tunani mai ma'ana. === Hanyoyin koyarwa === Hanyar koyarwa ta shafi yadda malami ke isar da abun ciki, kamar ko ana amfani da aikin rukuni maimakon mayar da hankali ga ilmantarwa na mutum. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na koyarwa, kuma mafi tasiri a cikin wani labari da aka ba ya dogara da dalilai kamar batun batun da shekarun mai koyo da matakin ƙwarewa. Wannan yana nunawa a cikin tsarin makaranta na zamani, wanda ke tsara ɗalibai a cikin aji daban-daban bisa ga shekaru, ƙwarewa, ƙwarewar, da yaren asali don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin ilmantarwa. Batutuwa daban-daban galibi suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban; alal misali, ilimin harshe akai-akai yana jaddada ilmantarwa na baki, yayin da ilimin lissafi ke mai da hankali kan tunani mai ban mamaki da alama tare da tunani mai banƙyama. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman al'amura na hanyoyin koyarwa shine tabbatar da cewa masu koyo sun kasance masu motsawa, ko dai ta hanyar abubuwan da suka dace kamar sha'awa da son sani ko ta hanyar lada na waje.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Hanyar koyarwa ta haɗa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na koyarwa, kamar littattafai, takardun aiki, da rikodin sauti da gani, gami da aiwatar da wasu nau'ikan gwaji ko kimantawa don auna ci gaban ilmantarwa. Binciken ilimi shine tsari na yin rikodin ilimin ɗalibi da ƙwarewa, wanda zai iya faruwa a hukumance ko ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma zai iya faruwa kafin, yayin, ko bayan aikin ilmantarwa. Wani muhimmin bangare na koyarwa a cikin hanyoyin ilimi na zamani da yawa shine cewa kowane darasi yana daga cikin tsarin ilimi mai zurfi wanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin karatun, wanda sau da yawa yakan ɗauki watanni ko shekaru da yawa. A cewar Herbartianism, koyarwa ta kasu kashi-kashi. Mataki na farko ya haɗa da shirya tunanin ɗalibin don sabon bayani. Daga baya, ana gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi ga mai koyo sannan a haɗa su da ra'ayoyin da suka riga sun saba da su. A cikin matakai na gaba, fahimtar sauye-sauye zuwa matakin gaba ɗaya fiye da takamaiman lokuta, kuma ana amfani da ra'ayoyin a cikin mahallin da ya dace. == Tarihi == Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin matakai, hanyoyin, da cibiyoyin da suka haɗu da koyarwa da ilmantarwa, da nufin bayyana hulɗarsu da tasiri a kan ayyukan ilimi a tsawon lokaci. === Tarihi na farko === Ilimi a lokacin [[prehistory]] da farko ya sauƙaƙa al'adu, yana jaddada ilimin da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar samar da abinci, tufafi, mafaka, da aminci. Makarantu na yau da kullun da malamai na musamman ba su nan, tare da manya a cikin al'umma suna ɗaukar matsayin koyarwa, da kuma ilmantarwa da ke faruwa ta hanyar ayyukan yau da kullun, gami da lura da [[Kwaikwayo|kwaikwayon]] dattawa. A cikin Al'ummomin baki, ba da labari ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don watsa al'adu da addinai a cikin tsararraki. {{Efn|Research on prehistoric education often relies on studies of surviving hunting and gathering societies.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|Stearns|2023|p=12}}</ref>}} Tare da zuwan aikin gona a lokacin [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a kusa da 9000 KZ, canjin ilimi a hankali zuwa ƙwarewa ya biyo baya, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan al'ummomi da buƙatar ƙwarewar sana'a da fasaha. === Zamanin Dā === Farawa a cikin karni na 4 KZ kuma ya mamaye lokutan da suka biyo baya, wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin ilimi ya bayyana tare da zuwan rubutu a yankuna kamar [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], tsohuwar Misira, Indus Valley, da tsohuwar China. {{Efn|There is no consensus on the precise timing of writing's invention, and various forms of [[proto-writing]] existed for much longer periods.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Kortti|2019|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Oh5HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 6]}} | {{harvnb|Crowley|Heyer|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=cl6kCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT70 70]}} }}</ref>}} Wannan ci gaba ya yi tasiri sosai ga tsarin ilimi. Rubuce-rubuce ya sauƙaƙa adanawa, adanawa da rarraba bayanai, yana gabatar da ci gaba na gaba kamar ƙirƙirar kayan taimako na ilimi kamar littattafai da kafa cibiyoyi kamar makarantu. [[Fayil:Plato's_Academy_mosaic_from_Pompeii.jpg|alt=Mosaic from Pompeii depicting Plato's Academy|thumb|Kwalejin Plato, wanda aka nuna a cikin mosaic daga Pompeii, ana daukar shi akai-akai a matsayin cibiyar farko ta ilimi mafi girma.]] Wani muhimmin bangare na ilimin gargajiya shine kafa ilimi na yau da kullun. Wannan ya zama dole yayin da wayewa ta samo asali kuma yawan ilimi ya fadada, ya wuce abin da ilimi na al'ada zai iya watsawa yadda ya kamata a cikin tsararraki. Malamai sun ɗauki matsayi na musamman don ba da ilimi, wanda ke haifar da tsarin ilimi mai mahimmanci wanda ba shi da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai wuya a cikin al'ummomin dā, da farko ana iya samun sa ga masu ilimi. Ya rufe fannoni kamar karatu da rubutu, adana rikodin, jagoranci, rayuwar jama'a da siyasa, addini, da ƙwarewar fasaha da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman sana'o'i. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya gabatar da sabon tsarin koyarwa wanda ya jaddada horo da motsa jiki a kan hanyoyin da ba a sani ba a baya. Abubuwa biyu da suka samu na ilimi na dā sun haɗa da kafa Kwalejin Plato a Tsohon Girka, sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon cibiyar ilimi mafi girma, da kuma kafa Babban Laburaren Alexandria a Tsohon Misira, wanda aka sani da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na duniya.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> === Zamanin Tsakiya === [[Fayil:Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Bologna a Italiya, wacce aka kafa a 1088 AZ, ita ce jami'a mafi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki.]] Yawancin bangarorin ilimi a lokacin tsakiyar zamani sun sami rinjaye sosai daga al'adun addini. A Turai, [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] yana da iko sosai a kan ilimi na yau da kullun. A cikin Duniyar Larabawa, saurin yaduwar Islama ya haifar da ci gaba daban-daban na ilimi a lokacin Zamanin Zinariya na Islama, haɗa ilimin gargajiya da na addini da kafa makarantun [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]]. A cikin al'ummomin Yahudawa, yeshivas sun fito ne a matsayin cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don nazarin matani na addini da Dokar Yahudawa. A kasar Sin, an kafa tsarin ilimi da jarrabawa na jihar, wanda koyarwar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]] ta tsara. Kamar yadda sababbin al'ummomi masu rikitarwa suka fito a yankuna kamar Afirka, Amurka, Arewacin Turai, da Japan, wasu sun karɓi ayyukan ilimi na yanzu, yayin da wasu suka haɓaka sabbin al'adu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan zamanin ya ga kafa cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike daban-daban. Shahararrun daga cikin waɗannan sune Jami'ar Bologna (jami'ar da ta fi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki), Jami'ar Paris, da [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a Turai. Sauran cibiyoyin da suka fi tasiri sun hada da [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Jami'ar Al-Qarawiyyin]] a Maroko, [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] a Misira, da kuma Gidan Hikima a Iraki.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Wani muhimmin ci gaba shi ne kafa ƙungiyoyin sana'a, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke tsara kasuwancin su kuma suna ba da ilimin sana'a. Wadanda za su kasance mambobi sun sami matakai daban-daban na horo a kan tafiyarsu zuwa gwaninta. === Zamanin zamani === [[Fayil:Printer_in_1568-ce.png|alt=A woodcut from 1568 showing an old printing press|thumb|Samar da na'urar buga takardu ya sa a sami kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta a ko'ina kuma ya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a matakan karatu da rubutu gaba ɗaya.]] Farawa a farkon zamanin zamani, ilimi a Turai a lokacin [[Renaissance]] a hankali ya fara canzawa daga tsarin addini zuwa wanda ya fi na duniya. Wannan ci gaban an haɗa shi da karuwar godiya ga muhimmancin ilimi da kuma fadada batutuwa, gami da farfado da sha'awar rubuce-rubucen adabi na dā da shirye-shiryen ilimi. An hanzarta juyawa zuwa ga secularisation a lokacin Age of Enlightenment wanda ya fara a karni na 17, wanda ya jaddada rawar da dalili da kimiyyar kwarewa ke takawa. Mulkin mallaka na Turai ya shafi ilimi a Amurka ta hanyar ayyukan mishan na Kirista. A kasar Sin, an kara fadada tsarin ilimi na jihar kuma ya mai da hankali kan koyarwar neo-Confucianism. A cikin duniyar Islama, yaduwar ilimi na yau da kullun ya karu kuma ya kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin addini.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Babban ci gaba a farkon zamanin zamani shine kirkirar da yaduwar na'urar buga Littattafai a tsakiyar karni na 15, wanda ke da tasiri sosai ga ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Ya rage farashin samar da littattafai, waɗanda aka rubuta da hannu a baya, kuma ta haka ne ya kara rarraba takardun da aka rubuta, gami da sababbin siffofi kamar [[Jarida|jaridu]] da litattafai. Ƙarin wadatar kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta yana da babban tasiri a kan yawan jama'a. Wadannan canje-canjen sun shirya hanya don ci gaban ilimin jama'a a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19. {{Efn|For example, [[Commission of National Education|the world's first ministry of education]] was founded in 1773.<ref name="ND">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground: 1795 to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0 |url-access=registration|access-date=17 March 2013|date=28 February 2005|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12819-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0/page/167 167]}}</ref><ref name="TT">{{cite book|author1=Ted Tapper|author2=David Palfreyman|title=Understanding Mass Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives On Access|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riv0UCM90AMC&pg=RA2-PA140|access-date=17 March 2013|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeFalmer|isbn=978-0-415-35491-2|page=140}}</ref>}} Wannan zamanin ya ga kafa makarantun da jama'a ke tallafawa tare da burin samar da ilimi ga kowa, ya bambanta da lokutan da suka gabata lokacin da makarantun masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin addini, da masu koyarwa suka fara bayar da ilimi. Wani bambanci ga wannan yanayin shine wayewar Aztec, inda ilimi na yau da kullun ya zama tilas ga matasa a duk faɗin zamantakewar al'umma tun farkon karni na 14. Canje-canje masu alaƙa da juna sun kasance don yin ilimi tilas kuma kyauta ga duk yara har zuwa wani shekaru. === Zamanin zamani === Inganta ilimin jama'a da samun damar ilimi na duniya sun sami ƙarfi a cikin ƙarni na 20 da 21, wanda kungiyoyin gwamnati kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka amince da shi. Babban shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da Sanarwar Universal na 'Yancin Dan Adam, Yarjejeniyar kan' Yancin Yara, Ilimi ga Dukkanin, Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, da Manufofin Ci gaba mai dorewa. Wadannan kokarin sun haifar da karuwa a kowane nau'in ilimi, musamman tasirin ilimin firamare. A cikin 1970, kashi 28% na dukkan yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya ba su shiga makaranta ba; zuwa 2015, wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa 9% .<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Kafa ilimin jama'a ya kasance tare da gabatar da daidaitattun tsarin karatu don makarantun jama'a da kuma daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje don tantance ci gaban ɗalibai. Misalan zamani sune gwajin Ingilishi a matsayin Harshen Ƙasashen waje, wanda shine gwajin da ake amfani da shi a duniya don tantance ƙwarewar harshe a cikin masu magana da Ingilishi marasa asali, da kuma Shirin Nazarin Dalibai na Duniya, wanda ke kimanta tsarin ilimi a duk faɗin duniya bisa ga aikin ɗalibai masu shekaru 15 a karatu, lissafi, da kimiyya. Irin wannan sauye-sauye ya shafi malamai, tare da kafa cibiyoyi da ka'idoji don tsarawa da kula da horar da malamai. Fasahar ilimi mai tasowa ta yi tasiri sosai ga ilimin zamani. Samun kwamfutoci da intanet da yawa sun fadada damar samun damar samun albarkatun ilimi kuma sun sauƙaƙe sababbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa, kamar ilimin kan layi. Wannan ya zama mahimmanci musamman a lokacin annobar COVID-19 lokacin da makarantu a duk duniya suka rufe na dogon lokaci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa su karɓi hanyoyin ilmantarwa ta nesa ta hanyar Taron bidiyo ko Darussan bidiyo da aka riga aka rubuta don ci gaba da koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimin zamani yana da tasiri ta hanyar karuwar duniya da kuma ƙasashen duniya na ayyukan ilimi. == Dubi kuma ==   == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Notelist|30em}} === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Tushen ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.oecd.org/education/ Ilimi - OECD] * [https://www.unesco.org/en/education Ilimi - UNESCO] * [https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education Ilimi - Bankin Duniya] {{Education|state=expanded}}{{Parenting|state=collapsed}}{{Social sciences}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kdcs4i8cjhbgqww5p89132f1tzlbct3 885217 885216 2026-07-20T11:39:34Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885217 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Ilimi shi ne yada sani, da ƙwarewa, da kuma inganta ɗabi'u. Ilimi a tsare (formal education) yana faruwa ne a cikin wani tsari na musamman, kamar a makarantun jama'a ko na [[gwamnati]] waɗanda ke bin wani tsarin karatu. Ilimi wanda ba a tsare a matsayin makaranta ba (non-formal education) shi ma yana bin wani tsari ne, amma yana faruwa a wajen tsarin makaranta na al'ada. Yayin da ilimin gida ko na al'ada (informal education) ya haɗa da ilmantarwa mara tsari wadda ke faruwa ta hanyar abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullum. Ana rarraba ilimin makaranta zuwa matakai daban-daban, gami da ilimin yara na matakin farko, ilimin firamare, ilimin sakandare, da kuma ilimin gaba da sakandare (jami'a ko kwaleji). Wasu rabe-raben kuma suna mayar da hankali ne kan hanyoyin koyarwa, kamar koyarwa da ta karkata kan malami ko kan ɗalibi, da kuma fannonin darussa, kamar ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harsuna, da ilimin motsa jiki. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar "ilimi" na iya nufin yanayin tunani da ɗabi'un mutane masu ilimi, ko kuma fannin ilimi da ke yin nazari a kan tsarin koyo da koyarwa. Ana samun saɓanin ra'ayi game da ainihin ma'anar ilimi da kuma manufofinsa, musamman kan yadda ilimi ya bambanta da tsagwaron koyarwa kawai wajen inganta tunani mai zurfi. Wannan saɓanin ra'ayi yana yin tasiri a kan yadda ake tantancewa, da auna, da kuma inganta nau'o'in ilimi daban-daban. A asali, ilimi yana shigar da yara cikin al'umma ta hanyar koya musu ɗabi'u da ƙa'idojin al'adu, sannan yana ba su ƙwarewar da ake buƙata domin su zama mutane masu amfani ga al'ummarsu. Ta yin hakan, ilimi na haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin cikin gida da ma na duniya baki ɗaya. Cibiyoyin ilimi a tsare (formal institutions) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan fanni. Misali, gwamnatoci kan kafa manufofin ilimi domin tantance tsawon lokacin karatu, da tsarin darussa, da kuma ƙa'idojin halartar makaranta. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kuwa, irin su UNESCO, sun taka rawar gani matuƙa wajen tabbatar da samun ilimin matakin firamare ga dukkan yara. Abubuwa da yawa sunakara basira ga nasarar ilimi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tunanin mutum sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka. Abubuwan zamantakewa, kamar Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kabilanci, da jinsi, galibi suna da alaƙa da nuna bambanci. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yankin ilimi na farko da ke jarraba ilimi an san shi da karatun ilimi. Yana zurfafa cikin yanayin ilimi, manufofinsa, tasirinsa, da hanyoyin ingantawa. Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban, gami da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin [[zamantakewa]], da tattalin arzikin ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika batutuwa kamar ilimin kwatankwacin, koyarwa, da Tarihin ilimi. A cikin prehistory, ilimi da farko ya faru ne ta hanyar sadarwa ta baki da kwaikwayon. Tare da fitowar wayewa zamani, kirkirar rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da fadada ilimi, wanda ya haifar da sauyawa daga ilimi na al'ada zuwa ilimi na al-ada. Da farko, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai sauƙin isa ga fitattun mutane da kungiyoyin addini. Zuwan na'urar buga littattafai a karni na 15 ya sauƙaƙa samun dama ga littattafai, don haka kara yawan karatu da rubutu. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, ilimin jama'a ya sami mahimmanci, yana ba da hanya ga ƙungiyar duniya don samar da ilimin firamare ga kowa, kyauta, kuma tilas har zuwa wani zamani. A halin yanzu, sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya suna zuwa makarantar firama. == Ma'anar ==   Kalmar "ilimi" ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Latin educare, ma'ana "don kawowa," da educere, ma'anar "don kawo haihuwa". [1] Ma'anar ilimi ta bincika ta hanyar masu ilimin kimiyya daga fannoni daban-daban. [2] Mutane da yawa sun yarda cewa ilimi aiki ne mai ma'ana wanda aka yi niyya don cimma burin kamar watsa ilimi, ƙwarewa, da halaye.[3] Koyaya, muhawara mai zurfi ta kewaye ainihin yanayin ta fiye da waɗannan fasalulluka. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin yana kallon ilimi a matsayin tsari da ke faruwa a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru kamar makaranta, koyarwa, da koyo.[4] Wani hangen nesa yana ganin ilimi ba a matsayin tsari ba amma a matsayin yanayin tunani da kuma halin da ake ciki na mutane masu ilimi suka haifar da wannan tsari.[5] Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya komawa ga fagen ilimi wanda ke nazarin hanyoyin, matakai, da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da hannu a koyarwa da ilmantarwa.[6] Samun kyakkyawar fahimtar kalmar yana da mahimmanci yayin ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, auna nasarar ilimi, da inganta ayyukan ilimi.[7] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da cikakkun ma'anoni ta hanyar gano takamaiman fasalulluka na musamman ga kowane nau'in ilimi. Masanin ilimin ilimi R. S. Peters, alal misali, ya tsara muhimman abubuwa uku na ilimi, gami da ba da ilimi da fahimta ga ɗalibi, tabbatar da cewa tsari yana da fa'ida, da kuma gudanar da shi a hanyar da ta dace.[1] Duk da yake irin waɗannan ma'anoni masu kyau galibi suna nuna nau'ikan ilimi yadda ya kamata, suna fuskantar zargi saboda nau'ikan ilimin da ba a saba gani ba na iya fadawa waje da sigogin su.[2] Yin hulɗa da misalai marasa daidaituwa waɗanda ba a rufe su da ainihin ma'anoni na iya zama ƙalubale, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu masu ra'ayi suka fi son bayar da ma'anonin da ba su da ma'anar daidai bisa ga kamanceceniyar iyali a maimakon haka. Wannan tsarin yana nuna cewa duk nau'ikan ilimi suna kama da juna amma ba sa buƙatar raba saiti na muhimman fasalulluka na kowa.[3] Wasu masu ilimin ilimi, kamar Keira Sewell da Stephen Newman, suna jayayya cewa kalmar "ilimi" ta dogara da mahallin. [lower-alpha 1][4] Bincike ko mahimman ra'ayoyi[lower-alpha 1] na ilimi suna tabbatar da cewa yana cikin yanayin ilimi don haifar da wani nau'i na ci gaba. Sun bambanta da ra'ayoyi masu laushi, waɗanda ke ba da bayani mara kyau.[1] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da bayanin ilimi ta hanyar lura da yadda ake amfani da kalmar a cikin harshe na yau da kullun. Ra'ayoyin umarni, a gefe guda, suna bayyana abin da ke samar da ilimi mai kyau ko kuma yadda ya kamata a yi ilimi.[2] Yawancin ra'ayoyi masu kauri da ka'idoji suna kallon ilimi a matsayin ƙoƙari wanda ke ƙoƙarin cimma takamaiman Manufofin, wanda zai iya haɗawa da samun ilimi, koyon yin tunani da hankali, da haɓaka halaye irin su alheri da gaskiya. [3][4] Masana daban-daban sun jaddada muhimmancin tunani mai mahimmanci wajen rarrabe ilimi daga koyarwa.[1] Suna jayayya cewa koyarwa tana mai da hankali ne kawai kan koyar da imani a cikin ɗalibai, ba tare da la'akari da halayensu ba; yayin da ilimi kuma yana ƙarfafa ikon tunani don bincika da kuma tambayar waɗannan imani. [2][3] Koyaya, ba a yarda da duniya ba cewa waɗannan abubuwan biyu za a iya rarrabe su a sarari, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan koyarwa na iya zama dole a farkon matakan ilimi lokacin da tunanin yaro bai riga ya bunƙasa ba. Wannan ya dace musamman a lokuta inda yara ƙanana dole ne su koyi wasu abubuwa ba tare da fahimtar ainihin dalilan ba, kamar takamaiman ka'idojin tsaro da ayyukan tsabta.[4] Ana iya kwatanta ilimi daga ra'ayoyin malami da ɗalibai. Ma'anar malami tana jaddada hangen nesa da rawar malami wajen watsa ilimi da ƙwarewa a hanyar da ta dace.[1] A gefe guda, ma'anar ɗalibai suna nazarin ilimi bisa ga shigar ɗalibai a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa, suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan tsari yana canzawa da wadatar da abubuwan da suka biyo baya.[2] Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari da ma'anar da suka haɗa da ra'ayoyin biyu. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana ganin ilimi a matsayin tsari na kwarewar ɗabi'a, wanda ya haɗa da gano duniya ta kowa da kuma warware matsaloli haɗin gwiwa.[3] == Nau'o'in == Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na ilimi. Ɗaya daga cikin rarrabuwa ya dogara da tsarin ma'aikata, rarrabe tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-ada. Wani rarrabuwa ya haɗa da matakai daban-daban na ilimi bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin da rikitarwa na abun ciki. Ƙarin rukunoni suna mai da hankali kan batun, hanyar koyarwa, matsakaici da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma kudade.[1] === Hanyar da ba ta dace ba, da kuma na al'ada ===   Rarrabawar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-adaba.[1] [lower-alpha 1] ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin tsarin tsarin tsarin, yawanci tare da tsari na lokaci da matsayi. Tsarin makaranta na zamani yana shirya azuzuwan bisa ga shekarun dalibi da ci gaba, daga makarantar firamare zuwa jami'a. Yawancin lokaci gwamnati ce ke kula da ilimi na yau da kullun kuma sau da yawa ana ba da umarni har zuwa wani shekaru.[2] Ilimi mara kyau da na al'ada yana faruwa a waje da tsarin makaranta na al'adu, tare da ilimin da ba na al'umma ba wanda ke aiki a matsayin matsakaicin matsakaici. Kamar ilimi na yau da kullun, ana shirya ilimi mara kyau, tsari, kuma ana bin sa tare da kyakkyawar manufa, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ayyukan kamar koyarwa, aji na motsa jiki, da shiga cikin motsi na 'yan kallo.[1] Ilimi na yau da kullun, a gefe guda, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar da ba a tsara shi ba ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau da kullun da kuma fallasa yanayin. Ba kamar ilimi na yau da kullun ba, yawanci babu wani mutum mai iko da ke da alhakin koyarwa.[2] Ilimi na al'ada yana faruwa a wurare da yanayi daban-daban a duk rayuwar mutum, sau da yawa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar yara suna koyon yarensu na farko daga iyayensu ko mutane da ke kula da ƙwarewar dafa abinci ta hanyar shirya abinci tare.[3] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya sun bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan guda uku bisa ga yanayin ilmantarwa: ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin makarantu, ilimi mara kyau yana faruwa a saitunan da ba a saba zuwa ba, kamar gidajen tarihi, kuma ilimi na yau le kullun yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin ayyukan yau da kullun.[1] Bugu da ƙari, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tushen motsawa. Ilimi na yau da kullun yana motsawa ta hanyar motsawa ta waje, wanda lada na waje ke motsawa. Sabanin haka, a cikin ilimin da ba na al'ada ba da na al'adu, motsawa ta ainihi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga jin daɗin tsarin ilmantarwa, yawanci ya fi rinjaye.[2] Duk da yake bambancin tsakanin nau'ikan uku gabaɗaya a bayyane yake, wasu nau'ikan ilimi bazai dace da rukuni ɗaya ba.[3] A cikin al'adu na farko, ilimi ya fi faruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, tare da ɗan bambanci tsakanin ayyukan ilimi da sauran ayyukan yau da kullun. Maimakon haka, duk mahalli ya zama aji, kuma manya galibi suna ɗaukar matsayin malamai. Koyaya, ilimin da ba na al'ada ba sau da yawa ya zama bai isa ba don ba da ilimi mai yawa. Don magance wannan iyakancewa, saitunan ilimi na yau da kullun da masu koyarwa da aka horar da su yawanci suna da mahimmanci. Wannan wajibi ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun a cikin tarihi. A tsawon lokaci, ilimi na yau da kullun ya haifar da canji zuwa ga ƙarin abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba da kuma batutuwa, nisanta kansa daga rayuwar yau da kullun. An fi mayar da hankali kan fahimtar ka'idoji da ra'ayoyi gaba ɗaya maimakon kawai lura da kwaikwayon takamaiman halaye.[1] === Matsayi === [[Fayil:Parent's_day_at_Eirfan's_Kindergarten.jpg|alt=Photo of a kindergarten lesson in Japan|thumb|Yara a makarantar sakandare ta Japan]] Ana rarraba nau'ikan ilimi zuwa matakai daban-daban ko matakai. Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da ke da tasiri shine Tsarin Ilimi na Duniya, wanda Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ke kula da shi. Wannan rarrabuwa ta ƙunshi ilimi na al'ada da wanda ba na al'adu ba kuma yana rarrabe matakan bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin, tsawon lokacin ilmantarwa, da rikitarwa na abubuwan da aka rufe. Ƙarin ƙa'idodi sun haɗa da buƙatun shigarwa, ƙwarewar malami, da kuma sakamakon da aka nufa na kammala nasara. An haɗa matakan cikin ilimin yara na farko (mataki 0), ilimin firamare (mataki 1), ilimin sakandare (mataki 2-3), ilimin sakandare na baya-bayan nan (mataki 4), da kuma ilimin sakandare-tsaro (mataki 5-8). [1] Ilimi na yara na farko, wanda kuma ake kira ilimin makarantar sakandare ko ilimin yara, ya ƙunshi lokacin daga haihuwa har zuwa farkon makarantar firamare. An tsara shi don sauƙaƙe ci gaban yara cikakke, magance al'amuran jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa. Ilimi na yara yana da mahimmanci wajen inganta zamantakewa da Ci gaban mutum, yayin da yake ba da ƙwarewar asali a cikin sadarwa, ilmantarwa, da warware matsaloli. Babban burinta shine shirya yara don sauyawa zuwa ilimin firamare.[1] Duk da yake ilimin makarantar sakandare yawanci zaɓi ne, a wasu ƙasashe kamar Brazil, wajibi ne tun daga shekaru huɗu.[2] [[Fayil:Early_Childhood_Education_USAID_Africa.jpg|alt=Photo of early childhood education in Ethiopia|thumb|Gidan aji na makarantar firamare a Habasha]] Ilimi na firamare (ko firamare) yawanci yana farawa tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru huɗu zuwa bakwai. Ba shi da ƙarin buƙatun shigarwa kuma yana da niyyar ba da ƙwarewar asali a karatu, rubutu, da lissafi. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da mahimman bayanai a cikin batutuwa kamar Tarihi, Yanayin ƙasa, kimiyya, kiɗa, da fasaha. Wani manufa shine sauƙaƙe ci gaban mutum.[1] A halin yanzu, ilimin firamare wajibi ne a kusan dukkanin kasashe, tare da sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya da ke halartar irin waɗannan makarantu.[2] Ilimi na sakandare yana cin nasarar ilimin firamare kuma yawanci yana da shekaru 12 zuwa 18. Yawancin lokaci ana raba shi zuwa ƙananan ilimin sakandare (kamar makarantar tsakiya ko ƙaramar makarantar sakandare) da kuma makarantar sakandare (kamar makarantar sakandare, babbar makarantar sakandare، ko kwaleji, dangane da ƙasar). Ilimi na sakandare na ƙasa yawanci yana buƙatar kammala makarantar firamare a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don shiga. Yana da niyyar fadadawa da zurfafa sakamakon ilmantarwa, tare da mai da hankali kan takamaiman darussan, kuma malamai galibi suna ƙwarewa a cikin takamaiman batutuwa ɗaya ko kaɗan. Ɗaya daga cikin burinta shine ya saba da ɗalibai da mahimman ra'ayoyin ka'idoji a cikin batutuwa daban-daban, yana kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don ilmantarwa na rayuwa. A wasu lokuta, yana iya haɗawa da nau'ikan horo na sana'a.[1] Ilimi na sakandare na tilas ne a kasashe da yawa a fadin Tsakiyar da Gabashin Asiya, Turai, da Amurka. A wasu kasashe, yana wakiltar matakin karshe na ilimi na tilas. Koyaya, karatun sakandare na tilas ba shi da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, da Kudancin da Yammacin Asiya.[2] [[Fayil:Calhan_High_School_Senior_Classroom_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Babban makarantar sakandare (na goma sha biyu) a Amurka]] Ilimi na sakandare yawanci yana farawa a kusa da shekaru 15, da nufin samar da ɗalibai da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata da ilimin aiki ko ilimi na sakandare. Karshen ilimin sakandare na yau da kullun wajibi ne. Shirin ya kunshi batutuwa da yawa, sau da yawa yana ba wa ɗalibai damar zaɓar daga zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban. Samun cancanta na al'ada, kamar difloma na makarantar sakandare, ana danganta shi da nasarar kammala karatun sakandare.[1] Ilimi bayan matakin sakandare na iya fadawa ƙarƙashin rukunin karatun sakandare ba na sakandare ba, wanda yayi kama da ilimin sakandare a cikin rikitarwa amma yana mai da hankali kan horar da sana'a ga ɗalibai masu shirye don ma'aikata.[2] [[Fayil:Distributed_Intelligent_Systems_Department_laboratory.jpg|alt=Photo of students in a laboratory at the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|thumb|Dalibai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Jihar Saint Petersburg, Rasha]] A wasu ƙasashe, ilimin sakandare yana da alaƙa da ilimi mafi girma, yayin da a wasu, ilimin sakonni ya ƙunshi faɗin faɗin.[1] Ilimi na sakandare ya gina a kan tushe da aka kafa a makarantar sakandare amma ya zurfafa cikin takamaiman fannoni ko batutuwa. Sakamakon sa ya haifar da digiri na ilimi. Ilimi na uku ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu: gajeren lokaci na uku, bachelor's, master's, da kuma ilimin digiri. Wadannan matakan galibi suna samar da tsarin matsayi, tare da samun matakan da suka gabata suna aiki a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga waɗanda suka fi girma.[2] Ilimi na sakandare na gajeren lokaci yana mai da hankali kan fannoni masu amfani, yana ba da horo na sana'a da ƙwarewa da aka tsara don sana'o'i na musamman.[3] Ilimi na matakin farko, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin digiri na farko, yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da ilimin sakandare na gajeren lokaci. Jami'o'i ne ke ba da shi kuma ya ƙare a cikin takardar shaidar ilimi ta tsakiya da aka sani da digiri na farko.[4] Ilimi na matakin Jagoran ya fi ƙwarewa fiye da ilimin digiri na farko kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da bincike mai zaman kansa, yawanci a cikin nau'in rubutun Jagora.[5] Ilimi na matakin digiri yana haifar da ƙwarewar bincike mai zurfi, yawanci digiri na likita, kamar Dokta na Falsafa (PhD). Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshe da gabatar da aiki mai mahimmanci na ilimi, kamar rubutun. Ƙarin matakan ci gaba sun haɗa da karatun post-doctoral da habilitation.[6] Samun nasarar kammala ilimi na yau da kullun yawanci yana haifar da takaddun shaida, abin da ake buƙata don ci gaba zuwa matakan ilimi mafi girma da shiga wasu sana'o'i. Yin yaudara ba tare da an gano shi ba a lokacin jarrabawa, kamar yin amfani da takardar yaudara, yana haifar da barazana ga wannan tsarin ta hanyar yiwuwar tabbatar da ɗaliban da ba su cancanta ba.[1] A mafi yawan ƙasashe, ana ba da ilimin firamare da sakandare kyauta. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a duniya a cikin farashin ilimi na sakandare. Wasu ƙasashe, kamar Sweden, Finland, Poland, da Mexico, suna ba da ilimi mai zurfi kyauta ko a farashi mai arha. Sabanin haka, a cikin kasashe kamar Amurka da Singapore, ilimi na sakandare sau da yawa yana zuwa tare da kudaden karatu masu yawa, wanda ke haifar da ɗalibai su dogara da rance mai yawa don tallafawa karatunsu.[1] Kudin ilimi na sama na iya zama babbar shinge ga ɗalibai a Kasashe masu tasowa, saboda iyalansu na iya gwagwarmaya don rufe kuɗin makaranta, siyan kayan aiki, da siyan littattafai.[2] === Sauran === Littattafan ilimi suna bincika nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban, gami da hanyoyin gargajiya da madadin. Ilimi na gargajiya ya ƙunshi hanyoyin makaranta na dogon lokaci da na al'ada, wanda ke nuna koyarwar malami a cikin yanayin makaranta. Dokoki suna sarrafa fannoni daban-daban, kamar tsarin karatu da jadawalin aji.[1] [[Fayil:Representation,_Punch_Denmark,_1889.jpg|alt=Image of a homeschooling lesson|thumb|Homeschooling yana wakiltar wani nau'i na ilimi na daban.]] Sauran ilimi yana aiki ne a matsayin laima don hanyoyin makaranta waɗanda suka bambanta da tsarin gargajiya na al'ada. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya haɗawa da bambance-mbance a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa, abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin karatu, ko kuma yanayin dangantakar malami da ɗalibi. Halaye na madadin makaranta sun haɗa da yin rajista na son rai, aji mai sauƙi da girman makaranta, da kuma koyarwa ta musamman, inganta yanayin da ya fi dacewa da motsin rai. Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar makarantun sasantawa da shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ɗalibai masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa ta musamman, tare da karatun gida da rashin makaranta. Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi falsafanci daban-daban na ilimi, gami da Makarantun Montessori, ilimin Waldorf, makarantun Round Square, makarantun Escuela Nueva, makarantun kyauta, da Makarantun dimokuradiyya.[1] Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar, wanda ke jaddada adanawa da watsa ilimi da ƙwarewar da ta samo asali a cikin al'adun' yan asalin ƙasar. Wannan tsarin sau da yawa yana amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ba da labari da ba da labari.[2] Sauran nau'o'in makarantu sun hada da Makarantun gurukul a Indiya, Makarantun madrasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da yeshivas a al'adar Yahudawa.[3][4][5] Wasu bambance-bambancen sun ta'allaka ne akan waɗanda suka sami ilimi. Rukuni bisa ga shekarun ɗalibi sune ilimin yara, ilimin matasa, ilimin manya, da ilimin tsofaffi. [1] Rukuni bisa ga jinsin halittu na ɗalibai sun haɗa da ilimin jinsi ɗaya da ilimin jinsi daban-daban . [2] An tsara ilimin musamman don biyan buƙatun ɗaliban da ke da nakasa, yana magance matsaloli daban-daban a fannin ilimi, zamantakewa, sadarwa, da kuma jiki . Manufarsa ita ce shawo kan ƙalubalen da waɗannan nakasa ke haifarwa, yana ba wa ɗaliban da abin ya shafa damar samun tsarin ilimi mai dacewa. A faffadan ma'ana, ilimin musamman ya ƙunshi ilimi ga yara masu hazaka ta hankali, waɗanda ke buƙatar manhajoji masu kyau don cimma cikakkiyar damarsu. [3] Rarrabawar da ta danganci hanyar koyarwa sun haɗa da ilimin da ke tsakiyar malami, inda malami ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da bayanai ga ɗalibai, da kuma ilimin da ke cikin ɗalibai, inda ɗalibai ke taka muhimmancin aiki da alhakin tsara ayyukan aji.[1] A cikin ilimi mai hankali, ilmantarwa da koyarwa suna faruwa tare da kyakkyawar manufa a zuciya. Ilimi mara hankali yana bayyana ba tare da shiri ko jagora ba.[2] Wannan na iya faruwa, a wani bangare, ta hanyar tasirin malamai da manya, wanda zai iya tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban halaye ɗalibai.[3] Ilimi na tushen shaida yana amfani da nazarin kimiyya don tantance hanyoyin ilimi mafi inganci. Manufarta ita ce inganta tasirin ayyukan ilimi da manufofi ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa an kafa su ne a cikin mafi kyawun shaidar da ke akwai. Wannan ya ƙunshi koyarwar da ta dogara da shaida, ilmantarwa da ta dogara ne da shaida, da kuma binciken tasirin makaranta.[4] Autodidacticism, ko ilmantarwa kai tsaye, yana faruwa ne ba tare da malamai da cibiyoyi ba. Da farko ana lura da shi a cikin ilimin manya, yana ba da 'yancin zaɓar abin da kuma lokacin da za a yi karatu, yana mai da shi ƙwarewar ilmantarwa mai gamsarwa. Koyaya, rashin tsari da jagora na iya haifar da ilmantarwa mara ma'ana, yayin da rashin Ra'ayoyin waje na iya haifar wa masu koyar da kansu da ke haɓaka ra'ayoyi marasa kyau da kuma kimanta ci gaban ilmantarwa ba daidai ba.[1] Autodidacticism yana da alaƙa da ilimin rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da koyo a duk rayuwar mutum.[2] Categories na ilimi bisa ga batun sun hada da Ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harshe, Ilimin fasaha, ilimin addini, ilimin jiki, da Ilimin jima'i.[1] Ana amfani da matsakaici na musamman kamar rediyo ko shafukan yanar gizo a cikin ilimin nesa, gami da e-learning (amfani da kwamfutoci), m-learning, da kuma ilimin kan layi. Sau da yawa, waɗannan suna ɗaukar nau'in ilimi mai buɗewa, inda darussan da kayan aiki ke samuwa tare da ƙananan shingen, ya bambanta da aji na gargajiya ko ilimi a wurin. Koyaya, ba duk nau'ikan ilimin kan layi ba ne; alal misali, wasu jami'o'i suna ba da cikakken shirye-shiryen digiri na kan layi waɗanda ba sa cikin shirye-shirye na ilimi.[2] Ilimi na Jiha, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin jama'a, gwamnati ce ke tallafawa da sarrafawa kuma yana samuwa ga jama'a gaba ɗaya.[lower-alpha 1] Yawanci ba ya buƙatar kuɗin karatu kuma saboda haka wani nau'i ne na Ilimi kyauta. Sabanin haka, cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu ne ke tallafawa da kuma gudanar da ilimin masu zaman kansu. Makarantu masu zaman kansu galibi suna da tsarin shigarwa mafi zaɓaɓɓu kuma suna ba da ilimi mai biyan kuɗi ta hanyar cajin kuɗin karatu.[1] Wani cikakken bayani game da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da alhakin ilimi, kamar iyali, makaranta, jama'a, jiha, da coci.[2] Ilimi na tilas yana nufin ilimin da aka ba mutane doka ta karɓa, da farko yana shafar yara waɗanda dole ne su halarci makaranta har zuwa wani shekaru. Wannan ya bambanta da ilimin son rai, wanda mutane ke bi bisa ga zaɓin mutum maimakon wajibin doka.[1] == Matsayi a cikin al'umma == [[Fayil:NIH_Medical_Research_Scholars_Program_(48050924987).jpg|alt=Photo of a medical researcher|thumb|kwararru kwararru, kamar masu binciken kiwon lafiya, galibi suna samun ilimi mai zurfi don sarrafa fannonin su kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga al'umma.]] Ilimi yana aiki da matsayi daban-daban a cikin al'umma, wanda ya kunshi zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da kuma yankuna na mutum. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana kafawa da kuma kula da al'umma mai ɗorewa ta hanyar ba da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don hulɗa da muhalli da cika bukatun mutum da burin. A cikin al'umma ta zamani, waɗannan ƙwarewar sun haɗa da magana, karatu, rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewa a cikin fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana sauƙaƙa zamantakewar jama'a ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da ka'idojin zamantakewa da al'adu, tsara halayyar da ta dace a wurare daban-daban. Yana inganta hadin kan jama'a, kwanciyar hankali, da zaman lafiya, yana inganta aikin kai a ayyukan yau da kullun. Duk da yake zamantakewa yana faruwa a duk rayuwarsa, ilimin yara na farko yana da muhimmancin gaske. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar inganta shiga cikin jama'a ta hanyar jefa kuri'a da shirya, yayin da kuma inganta daidaito ga kowa.[1] A matakin tattalin arziki, mutane suna zama mambobi masu amfani na al'umma ta hanyar ilimi, samun ƙwarewa fasaha da nazari da ake buƙata don ayyukansu, da kuma samar da kayayyaki da samar da sabis ga wasu. A cikin al'ummomin farko, akwai ƙwarewa kaɗan, tare da yara yawanci suna koyon ƙwarewa masu yawa da ke da muhimmanci ga aikin al'umma. Koyaya, al'ummomin zamani suna ƙara rikitarwa, tare da sana'o'i da yawa da ke buƙatar horo na musamman tare da ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan mutane ne kawai ke da ƙwarewa ga wasu sana'o'i. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarewa da halaye da aka samu don aiki na al'umma na iya yin rikici a wasu lokuta, tare da darajarsu ta dogara da mahallin. Misali, inganta son sani da yin tambaya game da koyarwar da aka kafa yana inganta tunani mai mahimmanci da kirkire-kirkire, yayin da a wasu lokuta, biyayya ga iko ya zama dole don kiyaye zaman lafiya na zamantakewa.[1]   Ta hanyar sauƙaƙe haɗin mutane cikin al'umma, ilimi yana inganta Ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana rage talauci. Yana bawa ma'aikata damar inganta ƙwarewarsu, ta haka ne inganta ingancin kayayyaki da aiyuka da aka samar, wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta wadata da haɓaka gasa.[1] Ilimi na jama'a ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci wanda ke amfanar al'umma gaba ɗaya, tare da ilimin firamare da ke nuna yawan dawowa.[2] Bugu da ƙari, ban da karfafa wadatar tattalin arziki, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya, yana rage rashin aikin yi, kuma yana inganta daidaito na zamantakewa.[3] Bugu da ƙari, karuwar ilimi tana da alaƙa da ƙananan haihuwa, wani bangare saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da shirin iyali, fadada damar mata, da jinkirin aure.[4] Ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kasar don daidaitawa da canje-canje da kuma fuskantar sabbin kalubale yadda ya kamata. Yana wayar da kan jama'a kuma yana ba da gudummawa wajen magance [[Problèmes globaux|Batutuwan duniya na zamani]], gami da [[Canjin yanayi]], dorewa, da kuma fadada bambance-bambance tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta. Ta hanyar ba da fahimtar ɗalibai game da yadda rayuwarsu da ayyukansu ke shafar wasu, ilimi na iya karfafa mutane su yi ƙoƙari su sami duniya mai ɗorewa da adalci.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Don haka, ilimi ba wai kawai yana aiki ne don kula da ka'idojin al'umma ba har ma yana aiki ne a matsayin mai haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Wannan ya kai ga yanayin tattalin arziki mai tasowa, inda ci gaban fasaha, musamman karuwar sarrafa kansa, ke sanya sabbin buƙatu ga ma'aikata waɗanda ilimi zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan. Yayin da yanayi ke tasowa, ƙwarewa da ilimin da aka koyar na iya zama tsofaffi, yana buƙatar gyare-gyaren tsarin karatu don haɗawa da batutuwa kamar ilimin dijital, da inganta ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa sabbin fasahohi. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi na iya rungumar sababbin siffofi kamar manyan darussan kan layi don shirya mutane don ƙalubale da dama masu tasowa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|HarperCollins staff|2023}}</ref> A matakin mutum, ilimi yana inganta ci gaban mutum, ya haɗa da koyon sabbin ƙwarewa, inganta baiwa, haɓaka kerawa, haɓaka ilimin kai, da kuma inganta warware matsaloli da ƙwarewar yanke shawara. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi. Sau da yawa ana samun ilimi game da batutuwan kiwon lafiya kuma suna daidaita halayensu daidai, suna amfana daga hanyoyin sadarwar [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafin zamantakewa]] da dabarun jimrewa, kuma suna jin daɗin samun kudin shiga mafi girma, suna ba su damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya mafi girma.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Muhimmancin zamantakewar ilimi an jaddada shi ta hanyar Ranar Ilimi ta Duniya ta shekara-shekara a ranar 24 ga Janairu, wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta kafa, wanda ya sanya 1970 a matsayin Shekarar Ilimi ta Kasa da Kasa. == Matsayin cibiyoyin == [[Fayil:Ministry_of_Education_of_China_(20221020141115).jpg|alt=Photo of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China|thumb|Cibiyoyin gwamnati kamar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasar Sin suna tasiri ga fannoni da yawa na ilimin jama'a.]] Cibiyoyin da aka tsara suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da yawa na ilimi. Kungiyoyi kamar makarantu, jami'o'i, cibiyoyin Horar da malamai, da ma'aikatun ilimi sun hada da bangaren ilimi. Suna hulɗa ba kawai da juna ba har ma da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, gami da iyaye, al'ummomin yankin, kungiyoyin addini, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, masu sana'a na [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], hukumomin [[Tabbatar da doka|tilasta bin doka]], dandamali na kafofin watsa labarai, da shugabannin siyasa. Mutane da yawa suna da hannu kai tsaye a bangaren ilimi, kamar dalibai, malamai, shugabannin makaranta, da ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta da masu haɓaka tsarin karatun. Abubuwa daban-daban na ilimi na yau da kullun ana tsara su ta hanyar manufofi cibiyoyin gwamnati. Wadannan manufofi suna ƙayyade shekarun da yara ke buƙatar halartar makaranta da kuma lokacin da ake gudanar da azuzuwan, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi yanayin makaranta, kamar ababen more rayuwa. Dokokin kuma suna rufe ainihin cancanta da bukatun da malamai ke buƙatar cikawa. Wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin ilimi ya shafi tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi don koyarwa a makarantu, kwalejoji, da jami'o'i. Tsarin karatu shine shirin koyarwa ko shirin ilmantarwa wanda ke jagorantar ɗalibai don cimma burinsu na ilimi. Ana yawan zaɓar batutuwa bisa ga muhimmancin su kuma sun dogara da nau'in makaranta. Manufofin tsarin karatun makarantar jama'a yawanci shine bayar da cikakken ilimi, yayin da horar da sana'a ke mai da hankali kan takamaiman ƙwarewa a cikin filin. Har ila yau, darussan sun rufe fannoni daban-daban ban da batun da za a tattauna, kamar hanyar koyarwa, manufofin da za a cimma, da kuma ka'idojin kimanta ci gaba. Ta hanyar ƙayyade tsarin karatun, cibiyoyin gwamnati suna da tasiri sosai a kan abin da ilimi da ƙwarewa ake watsawa ga ɗalibai. Misalan cibiyoyin gwamnati sun hada da [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta ƙasa (Indiya)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]] a Indiya, Ma'aikatu na Ilimi na asali a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> da Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Jama'a'a a Mexico. <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> [[Fayil:Flag_of_UNESCO_(cropped).svg|alt=Logo of UNESCO|thumb|Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kamar [[UNESCO]], sun yi amfani da tasiri sosai wajen tsara ka'idojin ilimi da manufofi a duk duniya.]] Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi. Misali, UNESCO kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke inganta ilimi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine bayar da shawarwari ga manufofin ilimi, kamar Yarjejeniyar [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara]], wanda ya bayyana ilimi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ga dukan yara da matasa. Shirin Ilimi don Dukkanin ya yi niyyar samar da ilimi na asali ga dukkan yara, matasa, da manya a shekarar 2015, daga baya ya sami nasarar da shirin Ci gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa, musamman [[Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 4|burin 4]]. Manufofin da suka danganci sun hada da Yarjejeniyar kan nuna bambanci a Ilimi da shirin [[Makomar Ilimi]]. Wasu kungiyoyi masu tasiri ba na gwamnati ba ne maimakon na gwamnati. Misali, Ƙungiyar Jami'o'i ta Duniya tana inganta haɗin gwiwa da musayar ilimi tsakanin kwalejoji da jami'o'in duniya, yayin da Baccalaureate na Duniya ke ba da shirye-shiryen difloma na duniya. Cibiyoyin kamar Shirin Erasmus suna sauƙaƙa musayar ɗalibai tsakanin ƙasashe, yayin da shirye-shirye kamar Shirin Fulbright ke ba da irin wannan sabis ga malamai.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka haifar da nasarar ilimi == Nasarar ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira dalibi da nasarorin ilimi, ya shafi yadda aka cimma burin ilimi, kamar samun ilimi da ƙwarewa ta ɗalibai. Don dalilai masu amfani, galibi ana auna shi da farko dangane da ƙimar jarrabawar hukuma, amma akwai ƙarin alamomi da yawa, gami da ƙimar halartar, ƙimar digiri, ƙimar barin, halayen ɗalibai, da alamun bayan makaranta kamar su kudin shiga da ƙimar ɗaurin kurkuku. Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri ga nasarorin ilimi, kamar abubuwan da suka shafi [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]], da abubuwan zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zamantakewar ɗalibin. Ƙarin dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu kuma suna rinjayar juna. === Halin tunani === A matakin tunanin mutum, abubuwan da suka dace sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Motsawa ita ce ƙarfin ciki wanda ke motsa mutane su shiga cikin ilmantarwa. Dalibai masu motsawa suna iya hulɗa tare da abubuwan da za a koya ta hanyar shiga cikin ayyukan aji kamar tattaunawa, wanda ke haifar da zurfin fahimtar batun. Motsawa na iya taimaka wa ɗalibai su shawo kan matsaloli da koma baya. Wani muhimmin bambanci yana tsakanin motsawa na ciki da na waje. Dalibai masu motsawa suna motsawa ta hanyar sha'awar batun da kuma kwarewar ilmantarwa kanta. Dalibai masu motsawa na waje suna neman lada na waje kamar maki masu kyau da karbuwa daga takwarorinsu. Motsi na ciki yana da fa'ida, yana haifar da karuwar kerawa, shiga, da kuma sadaukarwa na dogon lokaci. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna da niyyar gano hanyoyin da za su kara motsawa, kamar karfafa gasa mai kyau tsakanin dalibai yayin da suke kula da daidaituwa na kyakkyawan ra'ayi da mara kyau ta hanyar yabo da zargi mai mahimmanci. Ilimi yana tasiri sosai ga martani na mutane ga ilimi. Halin fahimta ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon koyo daga gogewa, fahimta, da kuma amfani da ilimi da ƙwarewa don magance matsaloli. Mutanen da ke da maki mafi girma a cikin ma'aunin hankali yawanci suna yin mafi kyau a ilimi kuma suna bin matakan ilimi mafi girma. Sau da yawa ana danganta hankali da manufar IQ, ma'auni mai ma'aunin lambobi wanda ke kimanta hankali bisa ga ƙwarewar [[lissafi]] da magana. Koyaya, an yi jayayya cewa hankali ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban fiye da IQ. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Howard Gardner ya gabatar da nau'o'i daban-daban na hankali a cikin fannoni kamar lissafi, tunani, ilimin sararin samaniya, harshe, da kiɗa. Ƙarin nau'ikan hankali suna tasiri ga hulɗar mutum da mutum. Wadannan basira galibi suna da ikon cin gashin kansu, ma'ana cewa mutum na iya yin fice a cikin wani nau'i yayin da yake yin aiki mara kyau a cikin wani. A cewar masu goyon bayan ka'idar salon ilmantarwa, hanyar da aka fi so na samun ilimi da ƙwarewa wani abu ne. Sun riƙe cewa ɗalibai tare da salon ilmantarwa na ji suna da sauƙin fahimtar laccoci da tattaunawa, yayin da masu koyo na gani ke amfana daga bayanan da aka gabatar da gani, kamar a cikin zane-zane da bidiyo. Don sauƙaƙe ingantaccen ilmantarwa, yana iya zama da fa'ida don haɗa hanyoyi daban-daban na ilmantarwa. An soki salon ilmantarwa saboda tabbacin tabbaci na amfanin ɗalibai da rashin amintaccen ƙididdigar salon ilmantarwar ɗalibai ta malamai. Halin mai koyo na iya rinjayar nasarar ilimi. Misali, halaye irin su lamiri da budewa ga gogewa, waɗanda aka gano a cikin manyan halaye biyar, suna da alaƙa da nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Sauran abubuwan tunani sun haɗa da ingancin kai, Girman kai, da ƙwarewar Metacognitive. === Harkokin zamantakewa === Abubuwan zamantakewa ba a kan halayen halayyar masu koyo ba amma a kan mahallinsu da matsayi na al'umma. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]], asalin al'adu, da [[jinsi]], suna jawo sha'awa mai yawa daga masu bincike saboda alaƙarsu da rashin daidaito da [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]]. Sakamakon haka, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin yin manufofi da nufin rage tasirin su. matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana rinjayar abubuwan da suka wuce kudin shiga kawai, gami da Tsaro na kudi, matsayi na zamantakewa, da halayen da suka shafi ingancin rayuwa. Rashin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana tasiri ga nasarar ilimi a hanyoyi da yawa. Yana da alaƙa da saurin ci gaban fahimta a cikin harshe da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma ƙimar raguwa mafi girma. Iyalai masu iyakacin kudi na iya gwagwarmaya don biyan bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na yaransu, yana hana ci gaban su. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya rasa albarkatun saka hannun jari a cikin kayan ilimi kamar kayan wasa masu motsawa, littattafai, da kwamfutoci. Matsalolin kudi na iya hana halartar manyan makarantu, wanda ke haifar da yin rajista a cibiyoyin da ke cikin yankunan da ba su da tattalin arziki. Irin waɗannan makarantu galibi suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar ƙarancin malamai da kayan ilimi marasa isasshen kayan aiki da wurare kamar ɗakunan karatu, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, iyaye na iya ba da darussan sirri ga yara da ke bayan ilimi. A wasu lokuta, ana tilasta dalibai daga asalin da ba su da wadataccen tattalin arziki su bar makaranta don ba da gudummawa ga samun kudin shiga na iyali. Ƙayyadadden damar samun bayanai game da ilimi mafi girma da ƙalubale wajen tabbatarwa da biyan bashin ɗalibai sun kara tsananta halin da ake ciki. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana da alaƙa da rashin lafiya na jiki da na tunani, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake zagayowar rashin daidaito na zamantakewa wanda ke ci gaba a cikin tsararraki. Tushen kabilanci yana da alaƙa da bambancin al'adu da shingen harshe, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙalubale ga ɗalibai wajen daidaitawa da yanayin makaranta da fahimtar azuzuwan. Bugu da ƙari, nuna bambanci da nuna bambanci ga 'yan tsiraru na kabilanci sun kara kara tsananta waɗannan matsalolin. Irin wannan nuna bambanci na iya shafar girman kai na ɗalibai, motsawa, da kuma samun damar samun ilimi. Misali, malamai na iya ɗaukar ra'ayoyi na al'ada, duk da cewa ba a bayyane yake nuna [[wariyar launin fata]] ba, wanda ke haifar da bambancin bambancin wasan kwaikwayon da ya danganci kabilanci na yaro. A tarihi, jinsi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi yayin da ka'idojin al'umma suka nuna matsayi daban-daban ga maza da mata. Ilimi a al'ada ya fi son maza, waɗanda aka ba su aikin samar da iyali, yayin da ake sa ran mata su gudanar da gidaje da kula da yara, sau da yawa suna iyakance damar samun ilimi. Kodayake waɗannan bambance-bambance sun inganta a cikin al'ummomin zamani da yawa, bambance-mbance tsakanin jinsi sun ci gaba a ilimi. Wannan ya haɗa da nuna bambanci da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi matsayin jinsi a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, musamman a fannoni kamar kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi (STEM), waɗanda galibi ana nuna su a matsayin maza. Irin wannan fahimta na iya hana daliban mata daga bin waɗannan batutuwa. A lokuta daban-daban, nuna bambanci bisa ga jinsi da abubuwan zamantakewa yana faruwa a bayyane a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin ilimi na hukuma, kamar ƙuntatawa mai tsanani da [[Taliban]] ta ɗora wa ilimin mata a [[Afghanistan]], da rarrabewar makaranta na baƙi da mazauna birane a cikin China a ƙarƙashin tsarin hukou. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan zamantakewa da yawa ana nuna su ta hanyar tsammanin da ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyi. Wadannan tsammanin suna aiki a waje, wanda ya rinjayi yadda wasu ke amsawa ga mutanen da ke cikin takamaiman kungiyoyi, kuma a ciki, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar yadda mutane ke shiga ciki da kuma bin su. A wannan bangaren, waɗannan tsammanin na iya bayyana a matsayin Annabce-annabce masu cika kansu ta hanyar shafar sakamakon ilimi da suke hangowa. Irin waɗannan sakamakon na iya rinjayar ra'ayoyi masu kyau da marasa kyau.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Fasahar da sauransu === [[Fasaha|Fasahar]] tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Duk da yake fasahar ilimi galibi tana da alaƙa da na'urorin dijital na zamani kamar kwamfutoci, iyakarsa ta wuce hakan. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan albarkatu da kayan aiki daban-daban don ilmantarwa, gami da kayan taimako na gargajiya kamar littattafai da takardun aiki, ban da na'urorin dijital. [[Fayil:OLPC_Haiti.jpg|alt=Photo of a group of children being introduced to a laptop|right|thumb|Gabatar da yara a Haiti zuwa na'urar Laptop guda ɗaya ga kowane yaro]] Fasahar ilimi na iya inganta ilmantarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin tushen tushen bayanai a cikin aji, yana bawa malamai damar rarraba lokacin su da kuzari ga wasu ayyuka kamar tsara darasi, jagorancin ɗalibai, da kimanta aikin.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Ta hanyar gabatar da bayanai ta amfani da zane-zane, sauti, da bidiyo maimakon rubutu kawai, fasahar ilimi na iya inganta fahimta. Abubuwan hulɗa, kamar wasannin ilimi, suna ƙara sa masu koyo su shiga cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Bugu da ƙari, fasaha tana sauƙaƙa samun kayan ilimi ga masu sauraro da yawa, musamman ta hanyar albarkatun kan layi, yayin da kuma inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɗalibai da sadarwa tare da malamai. Haɗin [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] a cikin ilimi yana da alkawari don samar da sabbin abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai da tallafawa malamai a cikin aikinsu. Koyaya, yana kuma gabatar da sabbin haɗarin da suka shafi sirrin bayanai, bayanan da ba daidai ba, da magudi. Kungiyoyi daban-daban suna ba da shawara ga damar dalibai ga fasahar ilimi, gami da shirye-shirye irin su One Laptop per Child, da African Library Project, da Pratham . Har ila yau, kayan aikin makaranta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Ya ƙunshi fannoni na zahiri kamar wurin makarantar, girman, da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Yanayi mai lafiya da aminci, ɗakunan ajiya masu kyau, kayan aji masu dacewa, da kuma samun damar zuwa ɗakin karatu da kantin abinci, duk suna ba da gudummawa ga inganta nasarar ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin malamai yana da tasiri sosai ga nasarorin ɗalibai. Kwararrun malamai suna da ikon motsawa da kuma karfafa dalibai, da kuma daidaita umarni ga iyawa da bukatun mutum. Kwarewarsu ta dogara da iliminsu, horo, da kwarewar koyarwa. Wani bincike na Engin Karadağ et al. ya kammala cewa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran tasiri, abubuwan da suka shafi makarantar da malamin suna da babban tasiri akan nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Har ila yau, sa hannun iyaye yana inganta nasarori kuma yana iya kara karfin yara da sadaukarwa lokacin da suka san iyayensu suna saka hannun jari a cikin kokarin iliminsu. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da karuwar girman kai, inganta yawan halarta, da kuma halin kirki a makaranta. Haɗin iyaye yana rufe sadarwa tare da malamai da sauran ma'aikatan makaranta don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan yanzu da kuma bincika yiwuwar yanke shawara. Sauran dalilai masu dacewa, a wasu lokuta ana magance su a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi, sun haɗa da al'amuran tarihi, siyasa, yawan jama'a, addini, da shari'a. == Nazarin ilimi == [[Fayil:LockeEducation1693.jpg|alt=Photo of the cover of the title page of John Locke's 1693 book "Some Thoughts Concerning Education"|right|thumb|Littafin [[John Locke]] Some Thoughts Concerning Education daga 1693 aiki ne na tushe a cikin karatun ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref>]] Yankin farko da ke binciken ilimi an san shi da nazarin ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira kimiyyar ilimi. Yana neman fahimtar yadda ake watsa ilimi da kuma samun shi ta hanyar nazarin hanyoyi da nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban. Wannan horo yana zurfafawa cikin manufofi, tasiri, da muhimmancin ilimi, tare da al'adu, al'umma, gwamnati, da kuma tarihin da ke rinjayar shi. Masana ilimin ilimi suna samun fahimta daga fannoni daban-daban, gami da [[Falsafa|falsafar]], ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, tarihi, [[Siyasa]], da alakar kasa da kasa. Sakamakon haka, wasu suna jayayya cewa karatun ilimi ba shi da cikakkiyar hanyar da kuma batun da aka samu a cikin horo kamar kimiyyar lissafi ko tarihi. Nazarin ilimi yana mai da hankali kan nazarin ilimi da tunani mai mahimmanci kuma ya bambanta a wannan bangare daga shirye-shiryen horar da malamai, wanda ke nuna mahalarta yadda za su zama malamai masu inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ba kawai ilimi na yau da kullun ba har ma yana bincika dukkan siffofi da bangarorin hanyoyin ilimi. Ana amfani da Hanyoyin bincike daban-daban don bincika abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, an rarraba su cikin ƙididdiga, inganci, da hanyoyin haɗuwa. Bincike mai yawa yana nuna hanyoyin kimiyyar halitta, ta amfani da daidaitattun ma'auni na lambobi don tattara bayanai daga abubuwan lura da yawa da kuma amfani da kayan aikin kididdiga don bincike. Manufarta ita ce cimma burin da fahimta mara son kai. Sabanin haka, bincike mai inganci yawanci ya haɗa da ƙaramin samfurin kuma yana neman samun fahimta game da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum da na mutum, kamar abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta a cikin tsarin ilimi. Binciken hanyoyin da aka haɗu yana da niyyar haɗa bayanan da aka tattara daga hanyoyin biyu don cimma daidaitattun fahimta da cikakkiyar fahimta. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai sun bambanta kuma suna iya ganawa da lura kai tsaye, ƙididdigar gwaji, tambayoyi, da tambayoyin. Ayyukan bincike na iya bincika mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri ga kowane nau'in ilimi ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman aikace-aikace, neman mafita ga wasu matsaloli, ko kimanta tasirin shirye-shiryen ilimi da manufofi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> === Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa === Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar ilimin koyarwa, bincike na ilimi, ilimi na kwatankwacin, da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da Tarihin ilimi. Falsafar ilimi reshe ne na falsafar da aka yi amfani da ita wanda ke nazarin yawancin mahimman ra'ayoyin da ke haifar da ka'idar da aikin ilimi. Yana bincika ilimi a matsayin tsari da horo yayin da yake neman samar da cikakkun ma'anoni game da yanayin sa da bambance-bambance daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Bugu da ƙari, yana zurfafa cikin manufar ilimi, nau'ikansa daban-daban, da kuma tunanin malamai, ɗalibai, da alakarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ka'idojin ilimi, wanda ke nazarin tasirin ɗabi'a na ilimi, kamar ka'idodin ka'idoji da ke jagorantar shi da kuma yadda malamai ya kamata su yi amfani da su ga takamaiman yanayi. Falsafar ilimi tana da dogon tarihi kuma batun magana ne a cikin [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka ta dā]]. Kalmar "pedagogy" wani lokacin ana amfani da ita tare da karatun ilimi, amma a cikin takamaiman ma'ana, tana nufin ɓangaren da aka mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa. Yana bincika yadda za'a iya cimma burin ilimi, kamar watsa ilimi ko ci gaban ƙwarewa da halaye. Pedagogy ya damu da hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen koyarwa a cikin saitunan ilimi na al'ada. Duk da yake wasu ma'anoni sun iyakance shi ga wannan mahallin, a cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan ilimi, gami da hanyoyin koyarwa fiye da yanayin makaranta na gargajiya. A cikin wannan mahallin mai zurfi, yana bincika yadda malamai zasu iya sauƙaƙa abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai don haɓaka fahimta su game da batun da kuma yadda ilmantarwa kanta ke faruwa. Ilimin halayyar ilimi yana zurfafa cikin hanyoyin tunani da ke haifar da ilmantarwa, yana mai da hankali kan yadda mutane ke samun sabbin ilimi da ƙwarewa da kuma samun ci gaban mutum. Yana bincika dalilai daban-daban da ke tasiri ga sakamakon ilimi, yadda waɗannan abubuwan suka bambanta tsakanin mutane, da kuma yadda yanayi ko kulawa ke ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan sakamakon. Muhimman ka'idojin ilimin halayyar mutum da ke tsara ilimi sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da [[Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)|constructivism]]. Harkokin da suka danganci ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa da ilimin kwakwalwa na ilimi, wanda ke bincika hanyoyin Neuropsychological da canje-canje da ke da alaƙa da ilmantarwa. Yankin ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi ya zurfafa cikin yadda ilimi ke tsara zamantakewa, yana nazarin yadda abubuwan zamantakewa da akidar ke tasiri ga samun ilimi da nasarar mutum a ciki. Yana bincika tasirin ilimi a kan kungiyoyin al'umma daban-daban da rawar da take takawa wajen tsara asalin mutum. Musamman, ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaito, yana ba da fahimta da ta dace da manufofin ilimi da nufin ganowa da magance abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga rashin daidaito. Abubuwa biyu da suka fi dacewa a cikin wannan fagen sune ka'idar yarjejeniya da ka'idar rikici. Masu ra'ayin yarjejeniya sun ce ilimi yana amfana da al'umma ta hanyar shirya mutane don matsayinsu na al'umma, yayin da masu ra'ayin rikice-rikice ke kallon ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki da ke aiki da masu mulki don ci gaba da rashin daidaito. Yankin tattalin arziki na ilimi yana binciken samarwa, rarrabawa, da amfani da ilimi. Yana neman inganta rabon albarkatu don inganta ilimi, kamar kimanta tasirin karuwar albashi na malami akan ingancin malami. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika tasirin ƙananan ɗalibai da saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin fasahohin ilimi. Ta hanyar samar da fahimta game da rabon albarkatu, tattalin arzikin ilimi yana taimaka wa masu tsara manufofi wajen yanke shawara wanda ke kara fa'idodin al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, yana nazarin tasirin tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci na ilimi, gami da rawar da yake takawa wajen inganta ƙwararrun ma'aikata da haɓaka gasa ta ƙasa. Wani yanki mai alaƙa da sha'awa ya haɗa da nazarin fa'idodin tattalin arziki da rashin fa'idodi na tsarin ilimi daban-daban. [[Fayil:Education_index_UN_HDR_2007_2008.PNG|alt=World map showing the Education Index of 2007/2008|thumb|Ilimi na kwatankwacin yana amfani da kayan aiki kamar Ilimi don kwatanta tsarin ilimi a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban. Kasashe masu tsayi suna nunawa a cikin kore, yayin da ake nuna ƙasashe masu tsayin daka a cikin ja.]] Ilimi na kwatankwacin shine horo wanda ke nazarin da kuma bambanta tsarin ilimi. Kwatanta na iya faruwa daga hangen nesa ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman dalilai kamar zamantakewa, siyasa, ko tattalin arziki. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ga ƙasashe daban-daban, ilimin kwatankwacin yana kimanta kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance na Cibiyoyin ilimi da ayyukansu, yana kimanta sakamakon hanyoyin daban-daban. Ana iya amfani da shi don samun fahimta daga wasu ƙasashe game da manufofin ilimi masu inganci da kuma yadda za'a iya inganta tsarin mutum. Wannan aikin, wanda aka sani da aro na manufofi, yana gabatar da ƙalubale kamar yadda nasarar manufofi na iya dogara da yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu na ɗalibai da malamai. Wani batu mai alaƙa da jayayya ya shafi ko tsarin ilimi na [[Developed country|Kasashe masu tasowa]] sun fi kyau kuma ya kamata a fitar da su ga waɗanda ba su da ci gaba. Sauran mahimman batutuwa sun haɗa da ƙasashen duniya na ilimi da rawar da ilimi ke takawa wajen sauyawa daga mulkin kama karya zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya. Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin juyin halitta na ayyukan ilimi, tsarin, da cibiyoyi. Yana bincika matakai daban-daban, abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da su da tasirin su, da kuma alakarsu.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Manufofin da akidar === [[Fayil:Propaganda_poster_in_a_primary_school_-_DPRK_(2604154887).jpg|alt=Propaganda poster in a primary school in North Korea|thumb|Hoton farfaganda a makarantar firamare a Koriya ta Arewa. Gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka akai-akai suna amfani da ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki don koyar da ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Torabian|2022}}{{Sfn|Golosov|2017}}]] Babban batu a cikin karatun ilimi yana kewaye da yadda ya kamata a ilimantar da mutane da kuma waɗanne manufofi ya kamata su jagorantar wannan tsari. An gabatar da manufofi daban-daban, gami da samun ilimi da ƙwarewa, ci gaban mutum, da haɓaka halaye. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da halaye kamar son sani, kerawa, tunani, da tunani mai mahimmanci, tare da halaye na tunani, ji, da kuma yin aiki da ɗabi'a. Masana sun bambanta kan ko fifita dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi kamar [['Yanci]], cin gashin kai, da bude zuciya, ko halaye kamar biyayya ga iko, tsarkakar akida, ibada, da [[Imani|Bangaskiyar addini]]. Wasu masu ilimin ilimi suna mai da hankali kan manufa guda ɗaya na ilimi, suna kallon ƙarin takamaiman manufofi a matsayin hanyar wannan ƙarshen. A matakin mutum, wannan manufar sau da yawa ana daidaita ta da taimakawa ɗalibin wajen rayuwa mai kyau. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana da niyyar horar da mutane a cikin membobin al'umma masu amfani. Akwai muhawara game da ko babban manufar ilimi shine don amfanin mutum mai ilimi ko al'umma gaba ɗaya. Ra'ayoyin ilimi sun haɗa da tsarin mahimman ra'ayoyin falsafa da ka'idojin da aka yi amfani da su don fassara, fahimta, da kuma tantance ayyukan ilimi da manufofi. Suna magance fannoni daban-daban fiye da manufofin ilimi, gami da batutuwan da aka koyar, tsarin ayyukan ilmantarwa, rawar malamai, hanyoyin tantance ci gaban ilimi, da kuma ƙirar tsarin ma'aikata da manufofi. Wadannan akidar sun bambanta kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da juna. Ra'ayoyin da ke tsakiyar malamai suna ba da fifiko ga rawar da malamai ke takawa wajen ba da ilimi ga ɗalibai, yayin da ra'ayoyin ɗalibai ke ba da gudummawa a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Ka'idodin da suka danganci tsari suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa da ilmantarwa, ya bambanta da akidar da aka samo asali, wanda ke la'akari da ilimi dangane da sakamakon da ake so. Ra'ayoyin [[Conservatism|Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya]] suna goyan bayan ayyukan gargajiya, yayin da [[Ilimi mai ci gaba|Ra'ayoyin ci gaba]] ke ba da shawara ga kirkire-kirkire da kerawa. Ƙarin rukunoni sune ɗan adam, [[Romanticism|soyayya]], muhimmancin gaske, encyclopaedism, [[pragmatism]], da kuma akidar mulkin mallaka da dimokuradiyya. === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa suna ƙoƙari su bayyana hanyoyin da ke haifar da ilmantarwa. Ka'idoji masu tasiri sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da constructivism. Halin halayyar ya nuna cewa ilmantarwa yana haifar da canji a cikin halayyar don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar gabatar da wani motsawa, haɗin wannan motsawa tare da amsa da ake so, da ƙarfafa wannan haɗin motsawa-amsa. Cognitivism yana kallon ilmantarwa a matsayin canji a cikin tsarin fahimta kuma yana jaddada hanyoyin tunani da ke tattare da shigarwa, dawowa, da sarrafa bayanai. Constructivism ya tabbatar da cewa ilmantarwa ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da mutum ya samu kuma yana mai da hankali kan hulɗar zamantakewa da fassarar su ta mai koyo. Wadannan ra'ayoyin suna da mahimman bayanai ga ayyukan koyarwa. Misali, masu halayyar sau da yawa suna jaddada maimaita motsa jiki, masu ilimin halayyar na iya ba da shawara ga dabarun mnemonic, kuma masu constructivists yawanci suna amfani da dabarun ilmantarwa na hadin gwiwa. Ra'ayoyi daban-daban suna nuna cewa ilmantarwa ya fi tasiri idan ya dogara da kwarewar mutum. Bugu da ƙari, yin niyyar zurfin fahimta ta hanyar haɗa sabbin bayanai zuwa ilimin da ya riga ya kasance ana ɗaukarsa mafi fa'ida fiye da haddace jerin abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa. Wani ka'idar ci gaba mai tasiri na ilmantarwa ya gabatar da shi daga masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Jean Piaget, wanda ya tsara matakai huɗu na ilmantarka ta hanyar da yara ke ci gaba a kan hanyarsu zuwa balaga: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete aiki, da kuma tsari na aiki. Wadannan matakai sun dace da matakai daban-daban na abstraction, tare da matakai na farko da ke mai da hankali kan ayyukan motsi da na motsi masu sauƙi, yayin da matakai daga baya suka haɗa da wakilci na ciki da sarrafa bayanai masu rikitarwa, kamar tunani mai ma'ana. === Hanyoyin koyarwa === Hanyar koyarwa ta shafi yadda malami ke isar da abun ciki, kamar ko ana amfani da aikin rukuni maimakon mayar da hankali ga ilmantarwa na mutum. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na koyarwa, kuma mafi tasiri a cikin wani labari da aka ba ya dogara da dalilai kamar batun batun da shekarun mai koyo da matakin ƙwarewa. Wannan yana nunawa a cikin tsarin makaranta na zamani, wanda ke tsara ɗalibai a cikin aji daban-daban bisa ga shekaru, ƙwarewa, ƙwarewar, da yaren asali don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin ilmantarwa. Batutuwa daban-daban galibi suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban; alal misali, ilimin harshe akai-akai yana jaddada ilmantarwa na baki, yayin da ilimin lissafi ke mai da hankali kan tunani mai ban mamaki da alama tare da tunani mai banƙyama. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman al'amura na hanyoyin koyarwa shine tabbatar da cewa masu koyo sun kasance masu motsawa, ko dai ta hanyar abubuwan da suka dace kamar sha'awa da son sani ko ta hanyar lada na waje.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Hanyar koyarwa ta haɗa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na koyarwa, kamar littattafai, takardun aiki, da rikodin sauti da gani, gami da aiwatar da wasu nau'ikan gwaji ko kimantawa don auna ci gaban ilmantarwa. Binciken ilimi shine tsari na yin rikodin ilimin ɗalibi da ƙwarewa, wanda zai iya faruwa a hukumance ko ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma zai iya faruwa kafin, yayin, ko bayan aikin ilmantarwa. Wani muhimmin bangare na koyarwa a cikin hanyoyin ilimi na zamani da yawa shine cewa kowane darasi yana daga cikin tsarin ilimi mai zurfi wanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin karatun, wanda sau da yawa yakan ɗauki watanni ko shekaru da yawa. A cewar Herbartianism, koyarwa ta kasu kashi-kashi. Mataki na farko ya haɗa da shirya tunanin ɗalibin don sabon bayani. Daga baya, ana gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi ga mai koyo sannan a haɗa su da ra'ayoyin da suka riga sun saba da su. A cikin matakai na gaba, fahimtar sauye-sauye zuwa matakin gaba ɗaya fiye da takamaiman lokuta, kuma ana amfani da ra'ayoyin a cikin mahallin da ya dace. == Tarihi == Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin matakai, hanyoyin, da cibiyoyin da suka haɗu da koyarwa da ilmantarwa, da nufin bayyana hulɗarsu da tasiri a kan ayyukan ilimi a tsawon lokaci. === Tarihi na farko === Ilimi a lokacin [[prehistory]] da farko ya sauƙaƙa al'adu, yana jaddada ilimin da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar samar da abinci, tufafi, mafaka, da aminci. Makarantu na yau da kullun da malamai na musamman ba su nan, tare da manya a cikin al'umma suna ɗaukar matsayin koyarwa, da kuma ilmantarwa da ke faruwa ta hanyar ayyukan yau da kullun, gami da lura da [[Kwaikwayo|kwaikwayon]] dattawa. A cikin Al'ummomin baki, ba da labari ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don watsa al'adu da addinai a cikin tsararraki. {{Efn|Research on prehistoric education often relies on studies of surviving hunting and gathering societies.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|Stearns|2023|p=12}}</ref>}} Tare da zuwan aikin gona a lokacin [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a kusa da 9000 KZ, canjin ilimi a hankali zuwa ƙwarewa ya biyo baya, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan al'ummomi da buƙatar ƙwarewar sana'a da fasaha. === Zamanin Dā === Farawa a cikin karni na 4 KZ kuma ya mamaye lokutan da suka biyo baya, wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin ilimi ya bayyana tare da zuwan rubutu a yankuna kamar [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], tsohuwar Misira, Indus Valley, da tsohuwar China. {{Efn|There is no consensus on the precise timing of writing's invention, and various forms of [[proto-writing]] existed for much longer periods.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Kortti|2019|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Oh5HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 6]}} | {{harvnb|Crowley|Heyer|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=cl6kCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT70 70]}} }}</ref>}} Wannan ci gaba ya yi tasiri sosai ga tsarin ilimi. Rubuce-rubuce ya sauƙaƙa adanawa, adanawa da rarraba bayanai, yana gabatar da ci gaba na gaba kamar ƙirƙirar kayan taimako na ilimi kamar littattafai da kafa cibiyoyi kamar makarantu. [[Fayil:Plato's_Academy_mosaic_from_Pompeii.jpg|alt=Mosaic from Pompeii depicting Plato's Academy|thumb|Kwalejin Plato, wanda aka nuna a cikin mosaic daga Pompeii, ana daukar shi akai-akai a matsayin cibiyar farko ta ilimi mafi girma.]] Wani muhimmin bangare na ilimin gargajiya shine kafa ilimi na yau da kullun. Wannan ya zama dole yayin da wayewa ta samo asali kuma yawan ilimi ya fadada, ya wuce abin da ilimi na al'ada zai iya watsawa yadda ya kamata a cikin tsararraki. Malamai sun ɗauki matsayi na musamman don ba da ilimi, wanda ke haifar da tsarin ilimi mai mahimmanci wanda ba shi da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai wuya a cikin al'ummomin dā, da farko ana iya samun sa ga masu ilimi. Ya rufe fannoni kamar karatu da rubutu, adana rikodin, jagoranci, rayuwar jama'a da siyasa, addini, da ƙwarewar fasaha da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman sana'o'i. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya gabatar da sabon tsarin koyarwa wanda ya jaddada horo da motsa jiki a kan hanyoyin da ba a sani ba a baya. Abubuwa biyu da suka samu na ilimi na dā sun haɗa da kafa Kwalejin Plato a Tsohon Girka, sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon cibiyar ilimi mafi girma, da kuma kafa Babban Laburaren Alexandria a Tsohon Misira, wanda aka sani da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na duniya.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> === Zamanin Tsakiya === [[Fayil:Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Bologna a Italiya, wacce aka kafa a 1088 AZ, ita ce jami'a mafi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki.]] Yawancin bangarorin ilimi a lokacin tsakiyar zamani sun sami rinjaye sosai daga al'adun addini. A Turai, [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] yana da iko sosai a kan ilimi na yau da kullun. A cikin Duniyar Larabawa, saurin yaduwar Islama ya haifar da ci gaba daban-daban na ilimi a lokacin Zamanin Zinariya na Islama, haɗa ilimin gargajiya da na addini da kafa makarantun [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]]. A cikin al'ummomin Yahudawa, yeshivas sun fito ne a matsayin cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don nazarin matani na addini da Dokar Yahudawa. A kasar Sin, an kafa tsarin ilimi da jarrabawa na jihar, wanda koyarwar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]] ta tsara. Kamar yadda sababbin al'ummomi masu rikitarwa suka fito a yankuna kamar Afirka, Amurka, Arewacin Turai, da Japan, wasu sun karɓi ayyukan ilimi na yanzu, yayin da wasu suka haɓaka sabbin al'adu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan zamanin ya ga kafa cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike daban-daban. Shahararrun daga cikin waɗannan sune Jami'ar Bologna (jami'ar da ta fi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki), Jami'ar Paris, da [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a Turai. Sauran cibiyoyin da suka fi tasiri sun hada da [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Jami'ar Al-Qarawiyyin]] a Maroko, [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] a Misira, da kuma Gidan Hikima a Iraki.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Wani muhimmin ci gaba shi ne kafa ƙungiyoyin sana'a, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke tsara kasuwancin su kuma suna ba da ilimin sana'a. Wadanda za su kasance mambobi sun sami matakai daban-daban na horo a kan tafiyarsu zuwa gwaninta. === Zamanin zamani === [[Fayil:Printer_in_1568-ce.png|alt=A woodcut from 1568 showing an old printing press|thumb|Samar da na'urar buga takardu ya sa a sami kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta a ko'ina kuma ya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a matakan karatu da rubutu gaba ɗaya.]] Farawa a farkon zamanin zamani, ilimi a Turai a lokacin [[Renaissance]] a hankali ya fara canzawa daga tsarin addini zuwa wanda ya fi na duniya. Wannan ci gaban an haɗa shi da karuwar godiya ga muhimmancin ilimi da kuma fadada batutuwa, gami da farfado da sha'awar rubuce-rubucen adabi na dā da shirye-shiryen ilimi. An hanzarta juyawa zuwa ga secularisation a lokacin Age of Enlightenment wanda ya fara a karni na 17, wanda ya jaddada rawar da dalili da kimiyyar kwarewa ke takawa. Mulkin mallaka na Turai ya shafi ilimi a Amurka ta hanyar ayyukan mishan na Kirista. A kasar Sin, an kara fadada tsarin ilimi na jihar kuma ya mai da hankali kan koyarwar neo-Confucianism. A cikin duniyar Islama, yaduwar ilimi na yau da kullun ya karu kuma ya kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin addini.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Babban ci gaba a farkon zamanin zamani shine kirkirar da yaduwar na'urar buga Littattafai a tsakiyar karni na 15, wanda ke da tasiri sosai ga ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Ya rage farashin samar da littattafai, waɗanda aka rubuta da hannu a baya, kuma ta haka ne ya kara rarraba takardun da aka rubuta, gami da sababbin siffofi kamar [[Jarida|jaridu]] da litattafai. Ƙarin wadatar kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta yana da babban tasiri a kan yawan jama'a. Wadannan canje-canjen sun shirya hanya don ci gaban ilimin jama'a a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19. {{Efn|For example, [[Commission of National Education|the world's first ministry of education]] was founded in 1773.<ref name="ND">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground: 1795 to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0 |url-access=registration|access-date=17 March 2013|date=28 February 2005|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12819-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0/page/167 167]}}</ref><ref name="TT">{{cite book|author1=Ted Tapper|author2=David Palfreyman|title=Understanding Mass Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives On Access|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riv0UCM90AMC&pg=RA2-PA140|access-date=17 March 2013|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeFalmer|isbn=978-0-415-35491-2|page=140}}</ref>}} Wannan zamanin ya ga kafa makarantun da jama'a ke tallafawa tare da burin samar da ilimi ga kowa, ya bambanta da lokutan da suka gabata lokacin da makarantun masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin addini, da masu koyarwa suka fara bayar da ilimi. Wani bambanci ga wannan yanayin shine wayewar Aztec, inda ilimi na yau da kullun ya zama tilas ga matasa a duk faɗin zamantakewar al'umma tun farkon karni na 14. Canje-canje masu alaƙa da juna sun kasance don yin ilimi tilas kuma kyauta ga duk yara har zuwa wani shekaru. === Zamanin zamani === Inganta ilimin jama'a da samun damar ilimi na duniya sun sami ƙarfi a cikin ƙarni na 20 da 21, wanda kungiyoyin gwamnati kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka amince da shi. Babban shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da Sanarwar Universal na 'Yancin Dan Adam, Yarjejeniyar kan' Yancin Yara, Ilimi ga Dukkanin, Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, da Manufofin Ci gaba mai dorewa. Wadannan kokarin sun haifar da karuwa a kowane nau'in ilimi, musamman tasirin ilimin firamare. A cikin 1970, kashi 28% na dukkan yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya ba su shiga makaranta ba; zuwa 2015, wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa 9% .<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Kafa ilimin jama'a ya kasance tare da gabatar da daidaitattun tsarin karatu don makarantun jama'a da kuma daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje don tantance ci gaban ɗalibai. Misalan zamani sune gwajin Ingilishi a matsayin Harshen Ƙasashen waje, wanda shine gwajin da ake amfani da shi a duniya don tantance ƙwarewar harshe a cikin masu magana da Ingilishi marasa asali, da kuma Shirin Nazarin Dalibai na Duniya, wanda ke kimanta tsarin ilimi a duk faɗin duniya bisa ga aikin ɗalibai masu shekaru 15 a karatu, lissafi, da kimiyya. Irin wannan sauye-sauye ya shafi malamai, tare da kafa cibiyoyi da ka'idoji don tsarawa da kula da horar da malamai. Fasahar ilimi mai tasowa ta yi tasiri sosai ga ilimin zamani. Samun kwamfutoci da intanet da yawa sun fadada damar samun damar samun albarkatun ilimi kuma sun sauƙaƙe sababbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa, kamar ilimin kan layi. Wannan ya zama mahimmanci musamman a lokacin annobar COVID-19 lokacin da makarantu a duk duniya suka rufe na dogon lokaci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa su karɓi hanyoyin ilmantarwa ta nesa ta hanyar Taron bidiyo ko Darussan bidiyo da aka riga aka rubuta don ci gaba da koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimin zamani yana da tasiri ta hanyar karuwar duniya da kuma ƙasashen duniya na ayyukan ilimi. == Dubi kuma ==   == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Notelist|30em}} === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Tushen ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.oecd.org/education/ Ilimi - OECD] * [https://www.unesco.org/en/education Ilimi - UNESCO] * [https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education Ilimi - Bankin Duniya] {{Education|state=expanded}}{{Parenting|state=collapsed}}{{Social sciences}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pjxi1iolf4lpti1fkkdkwo5nfk5vhwk 885218 885217 2026-07-20T11:40:15Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885218 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Ilimi shi ne yada sani, da ƙwarewa, da kuma inganta ɗabi'u. Ilimi a tsare (formal education) yana faruwa ne a cikin wani tsari na musamman, kamar a makarantun jama'a ko na [[gwamnati]] waɗanda ke bin wani tsarin karatu. Ilimi wanda ba a tsare a matsayin makaranta ba (non-formal education) shi ma yana bin wani tsari ne, amma yana faruwa a wajen tsarin makaranta na al'ada. Yayin da ilimin gida ko na [[al'ada]] (informal education) ya haɗa da ilmantarwa mara tsari wadda ke faruwa ta hanyar abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullum. Ana rarraba ilimin makaranta zuwa matakai daban-daban, gami da ilimin yara na matakin farko, ilimin firamare, ilimin sakandare, da kuma ilimin gaba da sakandare (jami'a ko kwaleji). Wasu rabe-raben kuma suna mayar da hankali ne kan hanyoyin koyarwa, kamar koyarwa da ta karkata kan malami ko kan ɗalibi, da kuma fannonin darussa, kamar ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harsuna, da ilimin motsa jiki. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar "ilimi" na iya nufin yanayin tunani da ɗabi'un mutane masu ilimi, ko kuma fannin ilimi da ke yin nazari a kan tsarin koyo da koyarwa. Ana samun saɓanin ra'ayi game da ainihin ma'anar ilimi da kuma manufofinsa, musamman kan yadda ilimi ya bambanta da tsagwaron koyarwa kawai wajen inganta tunani mai zurfi. Wannan saɓanin ra'ayi yana yin tasiri a kan yadda ake tantancewa, da auna, da kuma inganta nau'o'in ilimi daban-daban. A asali, ilimi yana shigar da yara cikin al'umma ta hanyar koya musu ɗabi'u da ƙa'idojin al'adu, sannan yana ba su ƙwarewar da ake buƙata domin su zama mutane masu amfani ga al'ummarsu. Ta yin hakan, ilimi na haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin cikin gida da ma na duniya baki ɗaya. Cibiyoyin ilimi a tsare (formal institutions) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan fanni. Misali, gwamnatoci kan kafa manufofin ilimi domin tantance tsawon lokacin karatu, da tsarin darussa, da kuma ƙa'idojin halartar makaranta. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kuwa, irin su UNESCO, sun taka rawar gani matuƙa wajen tabbatar da samun ilimin matakin firamare ga dukkan yara. Abubuwa da yawa sunakara basira ga nasarar ilimi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tunanin mutum sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka. Abubuwan zamantakewa, kamar Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kabilanci, da jinsi, galibi suna da alaƙa da nuna bambanci. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yankin ilimi na farko da ke jarraba ilimi an san shi da karatun ilimi. Yana zurfafa cikin yanayin ilimi, manufofinsa, tasirinsa, da hanyoyin ingantawa. Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban, gami da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin [[zamantakewa]], da tattalin arzikin ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika batutuwa kamar ilimin kwatankwacin, koyarwa, da Tarihin ilimi. A cikin prehistory, ilimi da farko ya faru ne ta hanyar sadarwa ta baki da kwaikwayon. Tare da fitowar wayewa zamani, kirkirar rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da fadada ilimi, wanda ya haifar da sauyawa daga ilimi na al'ada zuwa ilimi na al-ada. Da farko, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai sauƙin isa ga fitattun mutane da kungiyoyin addini. Zuwan na'urar buga littattafai a karni na 15 ya sauƙaƙa samun dama ga littattafai, don haka kara yawan karatu da rubutu. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, ilimin jama'a ya sami mahimmanci, yana ba da hanya ga ƙungiyar duniya don samar da ilimin firamare ga kowa, kyauta, kuma tilas har zuwa wani zamani. A halin yanzu, sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya suna zuwa makarantar firama. == Ma'anar ==   Kalmar "ilimi" ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Latin educare, ma'ana "don kawowa," da educere, ma'anar "don kawo haihuwa". [1] Ma'anar ilimi ta bincika ta hanyar masu ilimin kimiyya daga fannoni daban-daban. [2] Mutane da yawa sun yarda cewa ilimi aiki ne mai ma'ana wanda aka yi niyya don cimma burin kamar watsa ilimi, ƙwarewa, da halaye.[3] Koyaya, muhawara mai zurfi ta kewaye ainihin yanayin ta fiye da waɗannan fasalulluka. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin yana kallon ilimi a matsayin tsari da ke faruwa a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru kamar makaranta, koyarwa, da koyo.[4] Wani hangen nesa yana ganin ilimi ba a matsayin tsari ba amma a matsayin yanayin tunani da kuma halin da ake ciki na mutane masu ilimi suka haifar da wannan tsari.[5] Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya komawa ga fagen ilimi wanda ke nazarin hanyoyin, matakai, da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da hannu a koyarwa da ilmantarwa.[6] Samun kyakkyawar fahimtar kalmar yana da mahimmanci yayin ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, auna nasarar ilimi, da inganta ayyukan ilimi.[7] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da cikakkun ma'anoni ta hanyar gano takamaiman fasalulluka na musamman ga kowane nau'in ilimi. Masanin ilimin ilimi R. S. Peters, alal misali, ya tsara muhimman abubuwa uku na ilimi, gami da ba da ilimi da fahimta ga ɗalibi, tabbatar da cewa tsari yana da fa'ida, da kuma gudanar da shi a hanyar da ta dace.[1] Duk da yake irin waɗannan ma'anoni masu kyau galibi suna nuna nau'ikan ilimi yadda ya kamata, suna fuskantar zargi saboda nau'ikan ilimin da ba a saba gani ba na iya fadawa waje da sigogin su.[2] Yin hulɗa da misalai marasa daidaituwa waɗanda ba a rufe su da ainihin ma'anoni na iya zama ƙalubale, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu masu ra'ayi suka fi son bayar da ma'anonin da ba su da ma'anar daidai bisa ga kamanceceniyar iyali a maimakon haka. Wannan tsarin yana nuna cewa duk nau'ikan ilimi suna kama da juna amma ba sa buƙatar raba saiti na muhimman fasalulluka na kowa.[3] Wasu masu ilimin ilimi, kamar Keira Sewell da Stephen Newman, suna jayayya cewa kalmar "ilimi" ta dogara da mahallin. [lower-alpha 1][4] Bincike ko mahimman ra'ayoyi[lower-alpha 1] na ilimi suna tabbatar da cewa yana cikin yanayin ilimi don haifar da wani nau'i na ci gaba. Sun bambanta da ra'ayoyi masu laushi, waɗanda ke ba da bayani mara kyau.[1] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da bayanin ilimi ta hanyar lura da yadda ake amfani da kalmar a cikin harshe na yau da kullun. Ra'ayoyin umarni, a gefe guda, suna bayyana abin da ke samar da ilimi mai kyau ko kuma yadda ya kamata a yi ilimi.[2] Yawancin ra'ayoyi masu kauri da ka'idoji suna kallon ilimi a matsayin ƙoƙari wanda ke ƙoƙarin cimma takamaiman Manufofin, wanda zai iya haɗawa da samun ilimi, koyon yin tunani da hankali, da haɓaka halaye irin su alheri da gaskiya. [3][4] Masana daban-daban sun jaddada muhimmancin tunani mai mahimmanci wajen rarrabe ilimi daga koyarwa.[1] Suna jayayya cewa koyarwa tana mai da hankali ne kawai kan koyar da imani a cikin ɗalibai, ba tare da la'akari da halayensu ba; yayin da ilimi kuma yana ƙarfafa ikon tunani don bincika da kuma tambayar waɗannan imani. [2][3] Koyaya, ba a yarda da duniya ba cewa waɗannan abubuwan biyu za a iya rarrabe su a sarari, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan koyarwa na iya zama dole a farkon matakan ilimi lokacin da tunanin yaro bai riga ya bunƙasa ba. Wannan ya dace musamman a lokuta inda yara ƙanana dole ne su koyi wasu abubuwa ba tare da fahimtar ainihin dalilan ba, kamar takamaiman ka'idojin tsaro da ayyukan tsabta.[4] Ana iya kwatanta ilimi daga ra'ayoyin malami da ɗalibai. Ma'anar malami tana jaddada hangen nesa da rawar malami wajen watsa ilimi da ƙwarewa a hanyar da ta dace.[1] A gefe guda, ma'anar ɗalibai suna nazarin ilimi bisa ga shigar ɗalibai a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa, suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan tsari yana canzawa da wadatar da abubuwan da suka biyo baya.[2] Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari da ma'anar da suka haɗa da ra'ayoyin biyu. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana ganin ilimi a matsayin tsari na kwarewar ɗabi'a, wanda ya haɗa da gano duniya ta kowa da kuma warware matsaloli haɗin gwiwa.[3] == Nau'o'in == Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na ilimi. Ɗaya daga cikin rarrabuwa ya dogara da tsarin ma'aikata, rarrabe tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-ada. Wani rarrabuwa ya haɗa da matakai daban-daban na ilimi bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin da rikitarwa na abun ciki. Ƙarin rukunoni suna mai da hankali kan batun, hanyar koyarwa, matsakaici da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma kudade.[1] === Hanyar da ba ta dace ba, da kuma na al'ada ===   Rarrabawar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-adaba.[1] [lower-alpha 1] ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin tsarin tsarin tsarin, yawanci tare da tsari na lokaci da matsayi. Tsarin makaranta na zamani yana shirya azuzuwan bisa ga shekarun dalibi da ci gaba, daga makarantar firamare zuwa jami'a. Yawancin lokaci gwamnati ce ke kula da ilimi na yau da kullun kuma sau da yawa ana ba da umarni har zuwa wani shekaru.[2] Ilimi mara kyau da na al'ada yana faruwa a waje da tsarin makaranta na al'adu, tare da ilimin da ba na al'umma ba wanda ke aiki a matsayin matsakaicin matsakaici. Kamar ilimi na yau da kullun, ana shirya ilimi mara kyau, tsari, kuma ana bin sa tare da kyakkyawar manufa, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ayyukan kamar koyarwa, aji na motsa jiki, da shiga cikin motsi na 'yan kallo.[1] Ilimi na yau da kullun, a gefe guda, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar da ba a tsara shi ba ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau da kullun da kuma fallasa yanayin. Ba kamar ilimi na yau da kullun ba, yawanci babu wani mutum mai iko da ke da alhakin koyarwa.[2] Ilimi na al'ada yana faruwa a wurare da yanayi daban-daban a duk rayuwar mutum, sau da yawa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar yara suna koyon yarensu na farko daga iyayensu ko mutane da ke kula da ƙwarewar dafa abinci ta hanyar shirya abinci tare.[3] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya sun bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan guda uku bisa ga yanayin ilmantarwa: ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin makarantu, ilimi mara kyau yana faruwa a saitunan da ba a saba zuwa ba, kamar gidajen tarihi, kuma ilimi na yau le kullun yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin ayyukan yau da kullun.[1] Bugu da ƙari, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tushen motsawa. Ilimi na yau da kullun yana motsawa ta hanyar motsawa ta waje, wanda lada na waje ke motsawa. Sabanin haka, a cikin ilimin da ba na al'ada ba da na al'adu, motsawa ta ainihi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga jin daɗin tsarin ilmantarwa, yawanci ya fi rinjaye.[2] Duk da yake bambancin tsakanin nau'ikan uku gabaɗaya a bayyane yake, wasu nau'ikan ilimi bazai dace da rukuni ɗaya ba.[3] A cikin al'adu na farko, ilimi ya fi faruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, tare da ɗan bambanci tsakanin ayyukan ilimi da sauran ayyukan yau da kullun. Maimakon haka, duk mahalli ya zama aji, kuma manya galibi suna ɗaukar matsayin malamai. Koyaya, ilimin da ba na al'ada ba sau da yawa ya zama bai isa ba don ba da ilimi mai yawa. Don magance wannan iyakancewa, saitunan ilimi na yau da kullun da masu koyarwa da aka horar da su yawanci suna da mahimmanci. Wannan wajibi ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun a cikin tarihi. A tsawon lokaci, ilimi na yau da kullun ya haifar da canji zuwa ga ƙarin abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba da kuma batutuwa, nisanta kansa daga rayuwar yau da kullun. An fi mayar da hankali kan fahimtar ka'idoji da ra'ayoyi gaba ɗaya maimakon kawai lura da kwaikwayon takamaiman halaye.[1] === Matsayi === [[Fayil:Parent's_day_at_Eirfan's_Kindergarten.jpg|alt=Photo of a kindergarten lesson in Japan|thumb|Yara a makarantar sakandare ta Japan]] Ana rarraba nau'ikan ilimi zuwa matakai daban-daban ko matakai. Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da ke da tasiri shine Tsarin Ilimi na Duniya, wanda Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ke kula da shi. Wannan rarrabuwa ta ƙunshi ilimi na al'ada da wanda ba na al'adu ba kuma yana rarrabe matakan bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin, tsawon lokacin ilmantarwa, da rikitarwa na abubuwan da aka rufe. Ƙarin ƙa'idodi sun haɗa da buƙatun shigarwa, ƙwarewar malami, da kuma sakamakon da aka nufa na kammala nasara. An haɗa matakan cikin ilimin yara na farko (mataki 0), ilimin firamare (mataki 1), ilimin sakandare (mataki 2-3), ilimin sakandare na baya-bayan nan (mataki 4), da kuma ilimin sakandare-tsaro (mataki 5-8). [1] Ilimi na yara na farko, wanda kuma ake kira ilimin makarantar sakandare ko ilimin yara, ya ƙunshi lokacin daga haihuwa har zuwa farkon makarantar firamare. An tsara shi don sauƙaƙe ci gaban yara cikakke, magance al'amuran jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa. Ilimi na yara yana da mahimmanci wajen inganta zamantakewa da Ci gaban mutum, yayin da yake ba da ƙwarewar asali a cikin sadarwa, ilmantarwa, da warware matsaloli. Babban burinta shine shirya yara don sauyawa zuwa ilimin firamare.[1] Duk da yake ilimin makarantar sakandare yawanci zaɓi ne, a wasu ƙasashe kamar Brazil, wajibi ne tun daga shekaru huɗu.[2] [[Fayil:Early_Childhood_Education_USAID_Africa.jpg|alt=Photo of early childhood education in Ethiopia|thumb|Gidan aji na makarantar firamare a Habasha]] Ilimi na firamare (ko firamare) yawanci yana farawa tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru huɗu zuwa bakwai. Ba shi da ƙarin buƙatun shigarwa kuma yana da niyyar ba da ƙwarewar asali a karatu, rubutu, da lissafi. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da mahimman bayanai a cikin batutuwa kamar Tarihi, Yanayin ƙasa, kimiyya, kiɗa, da fasaha. Wani manufa shine sauƙaƙe ci gaban mutum.[1] A halin yanzu, ilimin firamare wajibi ne a kusan dukkanin kasashe, tare da sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya da ke halartar irin waɗannan makarantu.[2] Ilimi na sakandare yana cin nasarar ilimin firamare kuma yawanci yana da shekaru 12 zuwa 18. Yawancin lokaci ana raba shi zuwa ƙananan ilimin sakandare (kamar makarantar tsakiya ko ƙaramar makarantar sakandare) da kuma makarantar sakandare (kamar makarantar sakandare, babbar makarantar sakandare، ko kwaleji, dangane da ƙasar). Ilimi na sakandare na ƙasa yawanci yana buƙatar kammala makarantar firamare a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don shiga. Yana da niyyar fadadawa da zurfafa sakamakon ilmantarwa, tare da mai da hankali kan takamaiman darussan, kuma malamai galibi suna ƙwarewa a cikin takamaiman batutuwa ɗaya ko kaɗan. Ɗaya daga cikin burinta shine ya saba da ɗalibai da mahimman ra'ayoyin ka'idoji a cikin batutuwa daban-daban, yana kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don ilmantarwa na rayuwa. A wasu lokuta, yana iya haɗawa da nau'ikan horo na sana'a.[1] Ilimi na sakandare na tilas ne a kasashe da yawa a fadin Tsakiyar da Gabashin Asiya, Turai, da Amurka. A wasu kasashe, yana wakiltar matakin karshe na ilimi na tilas. Koyaya, karatun sakandare na tilas ba shi da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, da Kudancin da Yammacin Asiya.[2] [[Fayil:Calhan_High_School_Senior_Classroom_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Babban makarantar sakandare (na goma sha biyu) a Amurka]] Ilimi na sakandare yawanci yana farawa a kusa da shekaru 15, da nufin samar da ɗalibai da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata da ilimin aiki ko ilimi na sakandare. Karshen ilimin sakandare na yau da kullun wajibi ne. Shirin ya kunshi batutuwa da yawa, sau da yawa yana ba wa ɗalibai damar zaɓar daga zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban. Samun cancanta na al'ada, kamar difloma na makarantar sakandare, ana danganta shi da nasarar kammala karatun sakandare.[1] Ilimi bayan matakin sakandare na iya fadawa ƙarƙashin rukunin karatun sakandare ba na sakandare ba, wanda yayi kama da ilimin sakandare a cikin rikitarwa amma yana mai da hankali kan horar da sana'a ga ɗalibai masu shirye don ma'aikata.[2] [[Fayil:Distributed_Intelligent_Systems_Department_laboratory.jpg|alt=Photo of students in a laboratory at the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|thumb|Dalibai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Jihar Saint Petersburg, Rasha]] A wasu ƙasashe, ilimin sakandare yana da alaƙa da ilimi mafi girma, yayin da a wasu, ilimin sakonni ya ƙunshi faɗin faɗin.[1] Ilimi na sakandare ya gina a kan tushe da aka kafa a makarantar sakandare amma ya zurfafa cikin takamaiman fannoni ko batutuwa. Sakamakon sa ya haifar da digiri na ilimi. Ilimi na uku ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu: gajeren lokaci na uku, bachelor's, master's, da kuma ilimin digiri. Wadannan matakan galibi suna samar da tsarin matsayi, tare da samun matakan da suka gabata suna aiki a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga waɗanda suka fi girma.[2] Ilimi na sakandare na gajeren lokaci yana mai da hankali kan fannoni masu amfani, yana ba da horo na sana'a da ƙwarewa da aka tsara don sana'o'i na musamman.[3] Ilimi na matakin farko, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin digiri na farko, yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da ilimin sakandare na gajeren lokaci. Jami'o'i ne ke ba da shi kuma ya ƙare a cikin takardar shaidar ilimi ta tsakiya da aka sani da digiri na farko.[4] Ilimi na matakin Jagoran ya fi ƙwarewa fiye da ilimin digiri na farko kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da bincike mai zaman kansa, yawanci a cikin nau'in rubutun Jagora.[5] Ilimi na matakin digiri yana haifar da ƙwarewar bincike mai zurfi, yawanci digiri na likita, kamar Dokta na Falsafa (PhD). Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshe da gabatar da aiki mai mahimmanci na ilimi, kamar rubutun. Ƙarin matakan ci gaba sun haɗa da karatun post-doctoral da habilitation.[6] Samun nasarar kammala ilimi na yau da kullun yawanci yana haifar da takaddun shaida, abin da ake buƙata don ci gaba zuwa matakan ilimi mafi girma da shiga wasu sana'o'i. Yin yaudara ba tare da an gano shi ba a lokacin jarrabawa, kamar yin amfani da takardar yaudara, yana haifar da barazana ga wannan tsarin ta hanyar yiwuwar tabbatar da ɗaliban da ba su cancanta ba.[1] A mafi yawan ƙasashe, ana ba da ilimin firamare da sakandare kyauta. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a duniya a cikin farashin ilimi na sakandare. Wasu ƙasashe, kamar Sweden, Finland, Poland, da Mexico, suna ba da ilimi mai zurfi kyauta ko a farashi mai arha. Sabanin haka, a cikin kasashe kamar Amurka da Singapore, ilimi na sakandare sau da yawa yana zuwa tare da kudaden karatu masu yawa, wanda ke haifar da ɗalibai su dogara da rance mai yawa don tallafawa karatunsu.[1] Kudin ilimi na sama na iya zama babbar shinge ga ɗalibai a Kasashe masu tasowa, saboda iyalansu na iya gwagwarmaya don rufe kuɗin makaranta, siyan kayan aiki, da siyan littattafai.[2] === Sauran === Littattafan ilimi suna bincika nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban, gami da hanyoyin gargajiya da madadin. Ilimi na gargajiya ya ƙunshi hanyoyin makaranta na dogon lokaci da na al'ada, wanda ke nuna koyarwar malami a cikin yanayin makaranta. Dokoki suna sarrafa fannoni daban-daban, kamar tsarin karatu da jadawalin aji.[1] [[Fayil:Representation,_Punch_Denmark,_1889.jpg|alt=Image of a homeschooling lesson|thumb|Homeschooling yana wakiltar wani nau'i na ilimi na daban.]] Sauran ilimi yana aiki ne a matsayin laima don hanyoyin makaranta waɗanda suka bambanta da tsarin gargajiya na al'ada. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya haɗawa da bambance-mbance a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa, abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin karatu, ko kuma yanayin dangantakar malami da ɗalibi. Halaye na madadin makaranta sun haɗa da yin rajista na son rai, aji mai sauƙi da girman makaranta, da kuma koyarwa ta musamman, inganta yanayin da ya fi dacewa da motsin rai. Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar makarantun sasantawa da shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ɗalibai masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa ta musamman, tare da karatun gida da rashin makaranta. Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi falsafanci daban-daban na ilimi, gami da Makarantun Montessori, ilimin Waldorf, makarantun Round Square, makarantun Escuela Nueva, makarantun kyauta, da Makarantun dimokuradiyya.[1] Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar, wanda ke jaddada adanawa da watsa ilimi da ƙwarewar da ta samo asali a cikin al'adun' yan asalin ƙasar. Wannan tsarin sau da yawa yana amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ba da labari da ba da labari.[2] Sauran nau'o'in makarantu sun hada da Makarantun gurukul a Indiya, Makarantun madrasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da yeshivas a al'adar Yahudawa.[3][4][5] Wasu bambance-bambancen sun ta'allaka ne akan waɗanda suka sami ilimi. Rukuni bisa ga shekarun ɗalibi sune ilimin yara, ilimin matasa, ilimin manya, da ilimin tsofaffi. [1] Rukuni bisa ga jinsin halittu na ɗalibai sun haɗa da ilimin jinsi ɗaya da ilimin jinsi daban-daban . [2] An tsara ilimin musamman don biyan buƙatun ɗaliban da ke da nakasa, yana magance matsaloli daban-daban a fannin ilimi, zamantakewa, sadarwa, da kuma jiki . Manufarsa ita ce shawo kan ƙalubalen da waɗannan nakasa ke haifarwa, yana ba wa ɗaliban da abin ya shafa damar samun tsarin ilimi mai dacewa. A faffadan ma'ana, ilimin musamman ya ƙunshi ilimi ga yara masu hazaka ta hankali, waɗanda ke buƙatar manhajoji masu kyau don cimma cikakkiyar damarsu. [3] Rarrabawar da ta danganci hanyar koyarwa sun haɗa da ilimin da ke tsakiyar malami, inda malami ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da bayanai ga ɗalibai, da kuma ilimin da ke cikin ɗalibai, inda ɗalibai ke taka muhimmancin aiki da alhakin tsara ayyukan aji.[1] A cikin ilimi mai hankali, ilmantarwa da koyarwa suna faruwa tare da kyakkyawar manufa a zuciya. Ilimi mara hankali yana bayyana ba tare da shiri ko jagora ba.[2] Wannan na iya faruwa, a wani bangare, ta hanyar tasirin malamai da manya, wanda zai iya tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban halaye ɗalibai.[3] Ilimi na tushen shaida yana amfani da nazarin kimiyya don tantance hanyoyin ilimi mafi inganci. Manufarta ita ce inganta tasirin ayyukan ilimi da manufofi ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa an kafa su ne a cikin mafi kyawun shaidar da ke akwai. Wannan ya ƙunshi koyarwar da ta dogara da shaida, ilmantarwa da ta dogara ne da shaida, da kuma binciken tasirin makaranta.[4] Autodidacticism, ko ilmantarwa kai tsaye, yana faruwa ne ba tare da malamai da cibiyoyi ba. Da farko ana lura da shi a cikin ilimin manya, yana ba da 'yancin zaɓar abin da kuma lokacin da za a yi karatu, yana mai da shi ƙwarewar ilmantarwa mai gamsarwa. Koyaya, rashin tsari da jagora na iya haifar da ilmantarwa mara ma'ana, yayin da rashin Ra'ayoyin waje na iya haifar wa masu koyar da kansu da ke haɓaka ra'ayoyi marasa kyau da kuma kimanta ci gaban ilmantarwa ba daidai ba.[1] Autodidacticism yana da alaƙa da ilimin rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da koyo a duk rayuwar mutum.[2] Categories na ilimi bisa ga batun sun hada da Ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harshe, Ilimin fasaha, ilimin addini, ilimin jiki, da Ilimin jima'i.[1] Ana amfani da matsakaici na musamman kamar rediyo ko shafukan yanar gizo a cikin ilimin nesa, gami da e-learning (amfani da kwamfutoci), m-learning, da kuma ilimin kan layi. Sau da yawa, waɗannan suna ɗaukar nau'in ilimi mai buɗewa, inda darussan da kayan aiki ke samuwa tare da ƙananan shingen, ya bambanta da aji na gargajiya ko ilimi a wurin. Koyaya, ba duk nau'ikan ilimin kan layi ba ne; alal misali, wasu jami'o'i suna ba da cikakken shirye-shiryen digiri na kan layi waɗanda ba sa cikin shirye-shirye na ilimi.[2] Ilimi na Jiha, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin jama'a, gwamnati ce ke tallafawa da sarrafawa kuma yana samuwa ga jama'a gaba ɗaya.[lower-alpha 1] Yawanci ba ya buƙatar kuɗin karatu kuma saboda haka wani nau'i ne na Ilimi kyauta. Sabanin haka, cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu ne ke tallafawa da kuma gudanar da ilimin masu zaman kansu. Makarantu masu zaman kansu galibi suna da tsarin shigarwa mafi zaɓaɓɓu kuma suna ba da ilimi mai biyan kuɗi ta hanyar cajin kuɗin karatu.[1] Wani cikakken bayani game da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da alhakin ilimi, kamar iyali, makaranta, jama'a, jiha, da coci.[2] Ilimi na tilas yana nufin ilimin da aka ba mutane doka ta karɓa, da farko yana shafar yara waɗanda dole ne su halarci makaranta har zuwa wani shekaru. Wannan ya bambanta da ilimin son rai, wanda mutane ke bi bisa ga zaɓin mutum maimakon wajibin doka.[1] == Matsayi a cikin al'umma == [[Fayil:NIH_Medical_Research_Scholars_Program_(48050924987).jpg|alt=Photo of a medical researcher|thumb|kwararru kwararru, kamar masu binciken kiwon lafiya, galibi suna samun ilimi mai zurfi don sarrafa fannonin su kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga al'umma.]] Ilimi yana aiki da matsayi daban-daban a cikin al'umma, wanda ya kunshi zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da kuma yankuna na mutum. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana kafawa da kuma kula da al'umma mai ɗorewa ta hanyar ba da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don hulɗa da muhalli da cika bukatun mutum da burin. A cikin al'umma ta zamani, waɗannan ƙwarewar sun haɗa da magana, karatu, rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewa a cikin fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana sauƙaƙa zamantakewar jama'a ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da ka'idojin zamantakewa da al'adu, tsara halayyar da ta dace a wurare daban-daban. Yana inganta hadin kan jama'a, kwanciyar hankali, da zaman lafiya, yana inganta aikin kai a ayyukan yau da kullun. Duk da yake zamantakewa yana faruwa a duk rayuwarsa, ilimin yara na farko yana da muhimmancin gaske. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar inganta shiga cikin jama'a ta hanyar jefa kuri'a da shirya, yayin da kuma inganta daidaito ga kowa.[1] A matakin tattalin arziki, mutane suna zama mambobi masu amfani na al'umma ta hanyar ilimi, samun ƙwarewa fasaha da nazari da ake buƙata don ayyukansu, da kuma samar da kayayyaki da samar da sabis ga wasu. A cikin al'ummomin farko, akwai ƙwarewa kaɗan, tare da yara yawanci suna koyon ƙwarewa masu yawa da ke da muhimmanci ga aikin al'umma. Koyaya, al'ummomin zamani suna ƙara rikitarwa, tare da sana'o'i da yawa da ke buƙatar horo na musamman tare da ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan mutane ne kawai ke da ƙwarewa ga wasu sana'o'i. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarewa da halaye da aka samu don aiki na al'umma na iya yin rikici a wasu lokuta, tare da darajarsu ta dogara da mahallin. Misali, inganta son sani da yin tambaya game da koyarwar da aka kafa yana inganta tunani mai mahimmanci da kirkire-kirkire, yayin da a wasu lokuta, biyayya ga iko ya zama dole don kiyaye zaman lafiya na zamantakewa.[1]   Ta hanyar sauƙaƙe haɗin mutane cikin al'umma, ilimi yana inganta Ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana rage talauci. Yana bawa ma'aikata damar inganta ƙwarewarsu, ta haka ne inganta ingancin kayayyaki da aiyuka da aka samar, wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta wadata da haɓaka gasa.[1] Ilimi na jama'a ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci wanda ke amfanar al'umma gaba ɗaya, tare da ilimin firamare da ke nuna yawan dawowa.[2] Bugu da ƙari, ban da karfafa wadatar tattalin arziki, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya, yana rage rashin aikin yi, kuma yana inganta daidaito na zamantakewa.[3] Bugu da ƙari, karuwar ilimi tana da alaƙa da ƙananan haihuwa, wani bangare saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da shirin iyali, fadada damar mata, da jinkirin aure.[4] Ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kasar don daidaitawa da canje-canje da kuma fuskantar sabbin kalubale yadda ya kamata. Yana wayar da kan jama'a kuma yana ba da gudummawa wajen magance [[Problèmes globaux|Batutuwan duniya na zamani]], gami da [[Canjin yanayi]], dorewa, da kuma fadada bambance-bambance tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta. Ta hanyar ba da fahimtar ɗalibai game da yadda rayuwarsu da ayyukansu ke shafar wasu, ilimi na iya karfafa mutane su yi ƙoƙari su sami duniya mai ɗorewa da adalci.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Don haka, ilimi ba wai kawai yana aiki ne don kula da ka'idojin al'umma ba har ma yana aiki ne a matsayin mai haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Wannan ya kai ga yanayin tattalin arziki mai tasowa, inda ci gaban fasaha, musamman karuwar sarrafa kansa, ke sanya sabbin buƙatu ga ma'aikata waɗanda ilimi zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan. Yayin da yanayi ke tasowa, ƙwarewa da ilimin da aka koyar na iya zama tsofaffi, yana buƙatar gyare-gyaren tsarin karatu don haɗawa da batutuwa kamar ilimin dijital, da inganta ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa sabbin fasahohi. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi na iya rungumar sababbin siffofi kamar manyan darussan kan layi don shirya mutane don ƙalubale da dama masu tasowa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|HarperCollins staff|2023}}</ref> A matakin mutum, ilimi yana inganta ci gaban mutum, ya haɗa da koyon sabbin ƙwarewa, inganta baiwa, haɓaka kerawa, haɓaka ilimin kai, da kuma inganta warware matsaloli da ƙwarewar yanke shawara. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi. Sau da yawa ana samun ilimi game da batutuwan kiwon lafiya kuma suna daidaita halayensu daidai, suna amfana daga hanyoyin sadarwar [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafin zamantakewa]] da dabarun jimrewa, kuma suna jin daɗin samun kudin shiga mafi girma, suna ba su damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya mafi girma.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Muhimmancin zamantakewar ilimi an jaddada shi ta hanyar Ranar Ilimi ta Duniya ta shekara-shekara a ranar 24 ga Janairu, wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta kafa, wanda ya sanya 1970 a matsayin Shekarar Ilimi ta Kasa da Kasa. == Matsayin cibiyoyin == [[Fayil:Ministry_of_Education_of_China_(20221020141115).jpg|alt=Photo of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China|thumb|Cibiyoyin gwamnati kamar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasar Sin suna tasiri ga fannoni da yawa na ilimin jama'a.]] Cibiyoyin da aka tsara suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da yawa na ilimi. Kungiyoyi kamar makarantu, jami'o'i, cibiyoyin Horar da malamai, da ma'aikatun ilimi sun hada da bangaren ilimi. Suna hulɗa ba kawai da juna ba har ma da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, gami da iyaye, al'ummomin yankin, kungiyoyin addini, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, masu sana'a na [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], hukumomin [[Tabbatar da doka|tilasta bin doka]], dandamali na kafofin watsa labarai, da shugabannin siyasa. Mutane da yawa suna da hannu kai tsaye a bangaren ilimi, kamar dalibai, malamai, shugabannin makaranta, da ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta da masu haɓaka tsarin karatun. Abubuwa daban-daban na ilimi na yau da kullun ana tsara su ta hanyar manufofi cibiyoyin gwamnati. Wadannan manufofi suna ƙayyade shekarun da yara ke buƙatar halartar makaranta da kuma lokacin da ake gudanar da azuzuwan, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi yanayin makaranta, kamar ababen more rayuwa. Dokokin kuma suna rufe ainihin cancanta da bukatun da malamai ke buƙatar cikawa. Wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin ilimi ya shafi tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi don koyarwa a makarantu, kwalejoji, da jami'o'i. Tsarin karatu shine shirin koyarwa ko shirin ilmantarwa wanda ke jagorantar ɗalibai don cimma burinsu na ilimi. Ana yawan zaɓar batutuwa bisa ga muhimmancin su kuma sun dogara da nau'in makaranta. Manufofin tsarin karatun makarantar jama'a yawanci shine bayar da cikakken ilimi, yayin da horar da sana'a ke mai da hankali kan takamaiman ƙwarewa a cikin filin. Har ila yau, darussan sun rufe fannoni daban-daban ban da batun da za a tattauna, kamar hanyar koyarwa, manufofin da za a cimma, da kuma ka'idojin kimanta ci gaba. Ta hanyar ƙayyade tsarin karatun, cibiyoyin gwamnati suna da tasiri sosai a kan abin da ilimi da ƙwarewa ake watsawa ga ɗalibai. Misalan cibiyoyin gwamnati sun hada da [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta ƙasa (Indiya)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]] a Indiya, Ma'aikatu na Ilimi na asali a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> da Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Jama'a'a a Mexico. <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> [[Fayil:Flag_of_UNESCO_(cropped).svg|alt=Logo of UNESCO|thumb|Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kamar [[UNESCO]], sun yi amfani da tasiri sosai wajen tsara ka'idojin ilimi da manufofi a duk duniya.]] Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi. Misali, UNESCO kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke inganta ilimi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine bayar da shawarwari ga manufofin ilimi, kamar Yarjejeniyar [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara]], wanda ya bayyana ilimi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ga dukan yara da matasa. Shirin Ilimi don Dukkanin ya yi niyyar samar da ilimi na asali ga dukkan yara, matasa, da manya a shekarar 2015, daga baya ya sami nasarar da shirin Ci gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa, musamman [[Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 4|burin 4]]. Manufofin da suka danganci sun hada da Yarjejeniyar kan nuna bambanci a Ilimi da shirin [[Makomar Ilimi]]. Wasu kungiyoyi masu tasiri ba na gwamnati ba ne maimakon na gwamnati. Misali, Ƙungiyar Jami'o'i ta Duniya tana inganta haɗin gwiwa da musayar ilimi tsakanin kwalejoji da jami'o'in duniya, yayin da Baccalaureate na Duniya ke ba da shirye-shiryen difloma na duniya. Cibiyoyin kamar Shirin Erasmus suna sauƙaƙa musayar ɗalibai tsakanin ƙasashe, yayin da shirye-shirye kamar Shirin Fulbright ke ba da irin wannan sabis ga malamai.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka haifar da nasarar ilimi == Nasarar ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira dalibi da nasarorin ilimi, ya shafi yadda aka cimma burin ilimi, kamar samun ilimi da ƙwarewa ta ɗalibai. Don dalilai masu amfani, galibi ana auna shi da farko dangane da ƙimar jarrabawar hukuma, amma akwai ƙarin alamomi da yawa, gami da ƙimar halartar, ƙimar digiri, ƙimar barin, halayen ɗalibai, da alamun bayan makaranta kamar su kudin shiga da ƙimar ɗaurin kurkuku. Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri ga nasarorin ilimi, kamar abubuwan da suka shafi [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]], da abubuwan zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zamantakewar ɗalibin. Ƙarin dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu kuma suna rinjayar juna. === Halin tunani === A matakin tunanin mutum, abubuwan da suka dace sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Motsawa ita ce ƙarfin ciki wanda ke motsa mutane su shiga cikin ilmantarwa. Dalibai masu motsawa suna iya hulɗa tare da abubuwan da za a koya ta hanyar shiga cikin ayyukan aji kamar tattaunawa, wanda ke haifar da zurfin fahimtar batun. Motsawa na iya taimaka wa ɗalibai su shawo kan matsaloli da koma baya. Wani muhimmin bambanci yana tsakanin motsawa na ciki da na waje. Dalibai masu motsawa suna motsawa ta hanyar sha'awar batun da kuma kwarewar ilmantarwa kanta. Dalibai masu motsawa na waje suna neman lada na waje kamar maki masu kyau da karbuwa daga takwarorinsu. Motsi na ciki yana da fa'ida, yana haifar da karuwar kerawa, shiga, da kuma sadaukarwa na dogon lokaci. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna da niyyar gano hanyoyin da za su kara motsawa, kamar karfafa gasa mai kyau tsakanin dalibai yayin da suke kula da daidaituwa na kyakkyawan ra'ayi da mara kyau ta hanyar yabo da zargi mai mahimmanci. Ilimi yana tasiri sosai ga martani na mutane ga ilimi. Halin fahimta ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon koyo daga gogewa, fahimta, da kuma amfani da ilimi da ƙwarewa don magance matsaloli. Mutanen da ke da maki mafi girma a cikin ma'aunin hankali yawanci suna yin mafi kyau a ilimi kuma suna bin matakan ilimi mafi girma. Sau da yawa ana danganta hankali da manufar IQ, ma'auni mai ma'aunin lambobi wanda ke kimanta hankali bisa ga ƙwarewar [[lissafi]] da magana. Koyaya, an yi jayayya cewa hankali ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban fiye da IQ. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Howard Gardner ya gabatar da nau'o'i daban-daban na hankali a cikin fannoni kamar lissafi, tunani, ilimin sararin samaniya, harshe, da kiɗa. Ƙarin nau'ikan hankali suna tasiri ga hulɗar mutum da mutum. Wadannan basira galibi suna da ikon cin gashin kansu, ma'ana cewa mutum na iya yin fice a cikin wani nau'i yayin da yake yin aiki mara kyau a cikin wani. A cewar masu goyon bayan ka'idar salon ilmantarwa, hanyar da aka fi so na samun ilimi da ƙwarewa wani abu ne. Sun riƙe cewa ɗalibai tare da salon ilmantarwa na ji suna da sauƙin fahimtar laccoci da tattaunawa, yayin da masu koyo na gani ke amfana daga bayanan da aka gabatar da gani, kamar a cikin zane-zane da bidiyo. Don sauƙaƙe ingantaccen ilmantarwa, yana iya zama da fa'ida don haɗa hanyoyi daban-daban na ilmantarwa. An soki salon ilmantarwa saboda tabbacin tabbaci na amfanin ɗalibai da rashin amintaccen ƙididdigar salon ilmantarwar ɗalibai ta malamai. Halin mai koyo na iya rinjayar nasarar ilimi. Misali, halaye irin su lamiri da budewa ga gogewa, waɗanda aka gano a cikin manyan halaye biyar, suna da alaƙa da nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Sauran abubuwan tunani sun haɗa da ingancin kai, Girman kai, da ƙwarewar Metacognitive. === Harkokin zamantakewa === Abubuwan zamantakewa ba a kan halayen halayyar masu koyo ba amma a kan mahallinsu da matsayi na al'umma. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]], asalin al'adu, da [[jinsi]], suna jawo sha'awa mai yawa daga masu bincike saboda alaƙarsu da rashin daidaito da [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]]. Sakamakon haka, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin yin manufofi da nufin rage tasirin su. matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana rinjayar abubuwan da suka wuce kudin shiga kawai, gami da Tsaro na kudi, matsayi na zamantakewa, da halayen da suka shafi ingancin rayuwa. Rashin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana tasiri ga nasarar ilimi a hanyoyi da yawa. Yana da alaƙa da saurin ci gaban fahimta a cikin harshe da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma ƙimar raguwa mafi girma. Iyalai masu iyakacin kudi na iya gwagwarmaya don biyan bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na yaransu, yana hana ci gaban su. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya rasa albarkatun saka hannun jari a cikin kayan ilimi kamar kayan wasa masu motsawa, littattafai, da kwamfutoci. Matsalolin kudi na iya hana halartar manyan makarantu, wanda ke haifar da yin rajista a cibiyoyin da ke cikin yankunan da ba su da tattalin arziki. Irin waɗannan makarantu galibi suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar ƙarancin malamai da kayan ilimi marasa isasshen kayan aiki da wurare kamar ɗakunan karatu, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, iyaye na iya ba da darussan sirri ga yara da ke bayan ilimi. A wasu lokuta, ana tilasta dalibai daga asalin da ba su da wadataccen tattalin arziki su bar makaranta don ba da gudummawa ga samun kudin shiga na iyali. Ƙayyadadden damar samun bayanai game da ilimi mafi girma da ƙalubale wajen tabbatarwa da biyan bashin ɗalibai sun kara tsananta halin da ake ciki. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana da alaƙa da rashin lafiya na jiki da na tunani, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake zagayowar rashin daidaito na zamantakewa wanda ke ci gaba a cikin tsararraki. Tushen kabilanci yana da alaƙa da bambancin al'adu da shingen harshe, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙalubale ga ɗalibai wajen daidaitawa da yanayin makaranta da fahimtar azuzuwan. Bugu da ƙari, nuna bambanci da nuna bambanci ga 'yan tsiraru na kabilanci sun kara kara tsananta waɗannan matsalolin. Irin wannan nuna bambanci na iya shafar girman kai na ɗalibai, motsawa, da kuma samun damar samun ilimi. Misali, malamai na iya ɗaukar ra'ayoyi na al'ada, duk da cewa ba a bayyane yake nuna [[wariyar launin fata]] ba, wanda ke haifar da bambancin bambancin wasan kwaikwayon da ya danganci kabilanci na yaro. A tarihi, jinsi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi yayin da ka'idojin al'umma suka nuna matsayi daban-daban ga maza da mata. Ilimi a al'ada ya fi son maza, waɗanda aka ba su aikin samar da iyali, yayin da ake sa ran mata su gudanar da gidaje da kula da yara, sau da yawa suna iyakance damar samun ilimi. Kodayake waɗannan bambance-bambance sun inganta a cikin al'ummomin zamani da yawa, bambance-mbance tsakanin jinsi sun ci gaba a ilimi. Wannan ya haɗa da nuna bambanci da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi matsayin jinsi a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, musamman a fannoni kamar kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi (STEM), waɗanda galibi ana nuna su a matsayin maza. Irin wannan fahimta na iya hana daliban mata daga bin waɗannan batutuwa. A lokuta daban-daban, nuna bambanci bisa ga jinsi da abubuwan zamantakewa yana faruwa a bayyane a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin ilimi na hukuma, kamar ƙuntatawa mai tsanani da [[Taliban]] ta ɗora wa ilimin mata a [[Afghanistan]], da rarrabewar makaranta na baƙi da mazauna birane a cikin China a ƙarƙashin tsarin hukou. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan zamantakewa da yawa ana nuna su ta hanyar tsammanin da ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyi. Wadannan tsammanin suna aiki a waje, wanda ya rinjayi yadda wasu ke amsawa ga mutanen da ke cikin takamaiman kungiyoyi, kuma a ciki, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar yadda mutane ke shiga ciki da kuma bin su. A wannan bangaren, waɗannan tsammanin na iya bayyana a matsayin Annabce-annabce masu cika kansu ta hanyar shafar sakamakon ilimi da suke hangowa. Irin waɗannan sakamakon na iya rinjayar ra'ayoyi masu kyau da marasa kyau.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Fasahar da sauransu === [[Fasaha|Fasahar]] tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Duk da yake fasahar ilimi galibi tana da alaƙa da na'urorin dijital na zamani kamar kwamfutoci, iyakarsa ta wuce hakan. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan albarkatu da kayan aiki daban-daban don ilmantarwa, gami da kayan taimako na gargajiya kamar littattafai da takardun aiki, ban da na'urorin dijital. [[Fayil:OLPC_Haiti.jpg|alt=Photo of a group of children being introduced to a laptop|right|thumb|Gabatar da yara a Haiti zuwa na'urar Laptop guda ɗaya ga kowane yaro]] Fasahar ilimi na iya inganta ilmantarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin tushen tushen bayanai a cikin aji, yana bawa malamai damar rarraba lokacin su da kuzari ga wasu ayyuka kamar tsara darasi, jagorancin ɗalibai, da kimanta aikin.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Ta hanyar gabatar da bayanai ta amfani da zane-zane, sauti, da bidiyo maimakon rubutu kawai, fasahar ilimi na iya inganta fahimta. Abubuwan hulɗa, kamar wasannin ilimi, suna ƙara sa masu koyo su shiga cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Bugu da ƙari, fasaha tana sauƙaƙa samun kayan ilimi ga masu sauraro da yawa, musamman ta hanyar albarkatun kan layi, yayin da kuma inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɗalibai da sadarwa tare da malamai. Haɗin [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] a cikin ilimi yana da alkawari don samar da sabbin abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai da tallafawa malamai a cikin aikinsu. Koyaya, yana kuma gabatar da sabbin haɗarin da suka shafi sirrin bayanai, bayanan da ba daidai ba, da magudi. Kungiyoyi daban-daban suna ba da shawara ga damar dalibai ga fasahar ilimi, gami da shirye-shirye irin su One Laptop per Child, da African Library Project, da Pratham . Har ila yau, kayan aikin makaranta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Ya ƙunshi fannoni na zahiri kamar wurin makarantar, girman, da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Yanayi mai lafiya da aminci, ɗakunan ajiya masu kyau, kayan aji masu dacewa, da kuma samun damar zuwa ɗakin karatu da kantin abinci, duk suna ba da gudummawa ga inganta nasarar ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin malamai yana da tasiri sosai ga nasarorin ɗalibai. Kwararrun malamai suna da ikon motsawa da kuma karfafa dalibai, da kuma daidaita umarni ga iyawa da bukatun mutum. Kwarewarsu ta dogara da iliminsu, horo, da kwarewar koyarwa. Wani bincike na Engin Karadağ et al. ya kammala cewa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran tasiri, abubuwan da suka shafi makarantar da malamin suna da babban tasiri akan nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Har ila yau, sa hannun iyaye yana inganta nasarori kuma yana iya kara karfin yara da sadaukarwa lokacin da suka san iyayensu suna saka hannun jari a cikin kokarin iliminsu. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da karuwar girman kai, inganta yawan halarta, da kuma halin kirki a makaranta. Haɗin iyaye yana rufe sadarwa tare da malamai da sauran ma'aikatan makaranta don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan yanzu da kuma bincika yiwuwar yanke shawara. Sauran dalilai masu dacewa, a wasu lokuta ana magance su a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi, sun haɗa da al'amuran tarihi, siyasa, yawan jama'a, addini, da shari'a. == Nazarin ilimi == [[Fayil:LockeEducation1693.jpg|alt=Photo of the cover of the title page of John Locke's 1693 book "Some Thoughts Concerning Education"|right|thumb|Littafin [[John Locke]] Some Thoughts Concerning Education daga 1693 aiki ne na tushe a cikin karatun ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref>]] Yankin farko da ke binciken ilimi an san shi da nazarin ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira kimiyyar ilimi. Yana neman fahimtar yadda ake watsa ilimi da kuma samun shi ta hanyar nazarin hanyoyi da nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban. Wannan horo yana zurfafawa cikin manufofi, tasiri, da muhimmancin ilimi, tare da al'adu, al'umma, gwamnati, da kuma tarihin da ke rinjayar shi. Masana ilimin ilimi suna samun fahimta daga fannoni daban-daban, gami da [[Falsafa|falsafar]], ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, tarihi, [[Siyasa]], da alakar kasa da kasa. Sakamakon haka, wasu suna jayayya cewa karatun ilimi ba shi da cikakkiyar hanyar da kuma batun da aka samu a cikin horo kamar kimiyyar lissafi ko tarihi. Nazarin ilimi yana mai da hankali kan nazarin ilimi da tunani mai mahimmanci kuma ya bambanta a wannan bangare daga shirye-shiryen horar da malamai, wanda ke nuna mahalarta yadda za su zama malamai masu inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ba kawai ilimi na yau da kullun ba har ma yana bincika dukkan siffofi da bangarorin hanyoyin ilimi. Ana amfani da Hanyoyin bincike daban-daban don bincika abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, an rarraba su cikin ƙididdiga, inganci, da hanyoyin haɗuwa. Bincike mai yawa yana nuna hanyoyin kimiyyar halitta, ta amfani da daidaitattun ma'auni na lambobi don tattara bayanai daga abubuwan lura da yawa da kuma amfani da kayan aikin kididdiga don bincike. Manufarta ita ce cimma burin da fahimta mara son kai. Sabanin haka, bincike mai inganci yawanci ya haɗa da ƙaramin samfurin kuma yana neman samun fahimta game da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum da na mutum, kamar abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta a cikin tsarin ilimi. Binciken hanyoyin da aka haɗu yana da niyyar haɗa bayanan da aka tattara daga hanyoyin biyu don cimma daidaitattun fahimta da cikakkiyar fahimta. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai sun bambanta kuma suna iya ganawa da lura kai tsaye, ƙididdigar gwaji, tambayoyi, da tambayoyin. Ayyukan bincike na iya bincika mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri ga kowane nau'in ilimi ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman aikace-aikace, neman mafita ga wasu matsaloli, ko kimanta tasirin shirye-shiryen ilimi da manufofi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> === Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa === Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar ilimin koyarwa, bincike na ilimi, ilimi na kwatankwacin, da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da Tarihin ilimi. Falsafar ilimi reshe ne na falsafar da aka yi amfani da ita wanda ke nazarin yawancin mahimman ra'ayoyin da ke haifar da ka'idar da aikin ilimi. Yana bincika ilimi a matsayin tsari da horo yayin da yake neman samar da cikakkun ma'anoni game da yanayin sa da bambance-bambance daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Bugu da ƙari, yana zurfafa cikin manufar ilimi, nau'ikansa daban-daban, da kuma tunanin malamai, ɗalibai, da alakarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ka'idojin ilimi, wanda ke nazarin tasirin ɗabi'a na ilimi, kamar ka'idodin ka'idoji da ke jagorantar shi da kuma yadda malamai ya kamata su yi amfani da su ga takamaiman yanayi. Falsafar ilimi tana da dogon tarihi kuma batun magana ne a cikin [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka ta dā]]. Kalmar "pedagogy" wani lokacin ana amfani da ita tare da karatun ilimi, amma a cikin takamaiman ma'ana, tana nufin ɓangaren da aka mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa. Yana bincika yadda za'a iya cimma burin ilimi, kamar watsa ilimi ko ci gaban ƙwarewa da halaye. Pedagogy ya damu da hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen koyarwa a cikin saitunan ilimi na al'ada. Duk da yake wasu ma'anoni sun iyakance shi ga wannan mahallin, a cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan ilimi, gami da hanyoyin koyarwa fiye da yanayin makaranta na gargajiya. A cikin wannan mahallin mai zurfi, yana bincika yadda malamai zasu iya sauƙaƙa abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai don haɓaka fahimta su game da batun da kuma yadda ilmantarwa kanta ke faruwa. Ilimin halayyar ilimi yana zurfafa cikin hanyoyin tunani da ke haifar da ilmantarwa, yana mai da hankali kan yadda mutane ke samun sabbin ilimi da ƙwarewa da kuma samun ci gaban mutum. Yana bincika dalilai daban-daban da ke tasiri ga sakamakon ilimi, yadda waɗannan abubuwan suka bambanta tsakanin mutane, da kuma yadda yanayi ko kulawa ke ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan sakamakon. Muhimman ka'idojin ilimin halayyar mutum da ke tsara ilimi sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da [[Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)|constructivism]]. Harkokin da suka danganci ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa da ilimin kwakwalwa na ilimi, wanda ke bincika hanyoyin Neuropsychological da canje-canje da ke da alaƙa da ilmantarwa. Yankin ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi ya zurfafa cikin yadda ilimi ke tsara zamantakewa, yana nazarin yadda abubuwan zamantakewa da akidar ke tasiri ga samun ilimi da nasarar mutum a ciki. Yana bincika tasirin ilimi a kan kungiyoyin al'umma daban-daban da rawar da take takawa wajen tsara asalin mutum. Musamman, ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaito, yana ba da fahimta da ta dace da manufofin ilimi da nufin ganowa da magance abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga rashin daidaito. Abubuwa biyu da suka fi dacewa a cikin wannan fagen sune ka'idar yarjejeniya da ka'idar rikici. Masu ra'ayin yarjejeniya sun ce ilimi yana amfana da al'umma ta hanyar shirya mutane don matsayinsu na al'umma, yayin da masu ra'ayin rikice-rikice ke kallon ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki da ke aiki da masu mulki don ci gaba da rashin daidaito. Yankin tattalin arziki na ilimi yana binciken samarwa, rarrabawa, da amfani da ilimi. Yana neman inganta rabon albarkatu don inganta ilimi, kamar kimanta tasirin karuwar albashi na malami akan ingancin malami. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika tasirin ƙananan ɗalibai da saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin fasahohin ilimi. Ta hanyar samar da fahimta game da rabon albarkatu, tattalin arzikin ilimi yana taimaka wa masu tsara manufofi wajen yanke shawara wanda ke kara fa'idodin al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, yana nazarin tasirin tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci na ilimi, gami da rawar da yake takawa wajen inganta ƙwararrun ma'aikata da haɓaka gasa ta ƙasa. Wani yanki mai alaƙa da sha'awa ya haɗa da nazarin fa'idodin tattalin arziki da rashin fa'idodi na tsarin ilimi daban-daban. [[Fayil:Education_index_UN_HDR_2007_2008.PNG|alt=World map showing the Education Index of 2007/2008|thumb|Ilimi na kwatankwacin yana amfani da kayan aiki kamar Ilimi don kwatanta tsarin ilimi a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban. Kasashe masu tsayi suna nunawa a cikin kore, yayin da ake nuna ƙasashe masu tsayin daka a cikin ja.]] Ilimi na kwatankwacin shine horo wanda ke nazarin da kuma bambanta tsarin ilimi. Kwatanta na iya faruwa daga hangen nesa ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman dalilai kamar zamantakewa, siyasa, ko tattalin arziki. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ga ƙasashe daban-daban, ilimin kwatankwacin yana kimanta kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance na Cibiyoyin ilimi da ayyukansu, yana kimanta sakamakon hanyoyin daban-daban. Ana iya amfani da shi don samun fahimta daga wasu ƙasashe game da manufofin ilimi masu inganci da kuma yadda za'a iya inganta tsarin mutum. Wannan aikin, wanda aka sani da aro na manufofi, yana gabatar da ƙalubale kamar yadda nasarar manufofi na iya dogara da yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu na ɗalibai da malamai. Wani batu mai alaƙa da jayayya ya shafi ko tsarin ilimi na [[Developed country|Kasashe masu tasowa]] sun fi kyau kuma ya kamata a fitar da su ga waɗanda ba su da ci gaba. Sauran mahimman batutuwa sun haɗa da ƙasashen duniya na ilimi da rawar da ilimi ke takawa wajen sauyawa daga mulkin kama karya zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya. Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin juyin halitta na ayyukan ilimi, tsarin, da cibiyoyi. Yana bincika matakai daban-daban, abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da su da tasirin su, da kuma alakarsu.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Manufofin da akidar === [[Fayil:Propaganda_poster_in_a_primary_school_-_DPRK_(2604154887).jpg|alt=Propaganda poster in a primary school in North Korea|thumb|Hoton farfaganda a makarantar firamare a Koriya ta Arewa. Gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka akai-akai suna amfani da ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki don koyar da ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Torabian|2022}}{{Sfn|Golosov|2017}}]] Babban batu a cikin karatun ilimi yana kewaye da yadda ya kamata a ilimantar da mutane da kuma waɗanne manufofi ya kamata su jagorantar wannan tsari. An gabatar da manufofi daban-daban, gami da samun ilimi da ƙwarewa, ci gaban mutum, da haɓaka halaye. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da halaye kamar son sani, kerawa, tunani, da tunani mai mahimmanci, tare da halaye na tunani, ji, da kuma yin aiki da ɗabi'a. Masana sun bambanta kan ko fifita dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi kamar [['Yanci]], cin gashin kai, da bude zuciya, ko halaye kamar biyayya ga iko, tsarkakar akida, ibada, da [[Imani|Bangaskiyar addini]]. Wasu masu ilimin ilimi suna mai da hankali kan manufa guda ɗaya na ilimi, suna kallon ƙarin takamaiman manufofi a matsayin hanyar wannan ƙarshen. A matakin mutum, wannan manufar sau da yawa ana daidaita ta da taimakawa ɗalibin wajen rayuwa mai kyau. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana da niyyar horar da mutane a cikin membobin al'umma masu amfani. Akwai muhawara game da ko babban manufar ilimi shine don amfanin mutum mai ilimi ko al'umma gaba ɗaya. Ra'ayoyin ilimi sun haɗa da tsarin mahimman ra'ayoyin falsafa da ka'idojin da aka yi amfani da su don fassara, fahimta, da kuma tantance ayyukan ilimi da manufofi. Suna magance fannoni daban-daban fiye da manufofin ilimi, gami da batutuwan da aka koyar, tsarin ayyukan ilmantarwa, rawar malamai, hanyoyin tantance ci gaban ilimi, da kuma ƙirar tsarin ma'aikata da manufofi. Wadannan akidar sun bambanta kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da juna. Ra'ayoyin da ke tsakiyar malamai suna ba da fifiko ga rawar da malamai ke takawa wajen ba da ilimi ga ɗalibai, yayin da ra'ayoyin ɗalibai ke ba da gudummawa a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Ka'idodin da suka danganci tsari suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa da ilmantarwa, ya bambanta da akidar da aka samo asali, wanda ke la'akari da ilimi dangane da sakamakon da ake so. Ra'ayoyin [[Conservatism|Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya]] suna goyan bayan ayyukan gargajiya, yayin da [[Ilimi mai ci gaba|Ra'ayoyin ci gaba]] ke ba da shawara ga kirkire-kirkire da kerawa. Ƙarin rukunoni sune ɗan adam, [[Romanticism|soyayya]], muhimmancin gaske, encyclopaedism, [[pragmatism]], da kuma akidar mulkin mallaka da dimokuradiyya. === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa suna ƙoƙari su bayyana hanyoyin da ke haifar da ilmantarwa. Ka'idoji masu tasiri sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da constructivism. Halin halayyar ya nuna cewa ilmantarwa yana haifar da canji a cikin halayyar don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar gabatar da wani motsawa, haɗin wannan motsawa tare da amsa da ake so, da ƙarfafa wannan haɗin motsawa-amsa. Cognitivism yana kallon ilmantarwa a matsayin canji a cikin tsarin fahimta kuma yana jaddada hanyoyin tunani da ke tattare da shigarwa, dawowa, da sarrafa bayanai. Constructivism ya tabbatar da cewa ilmantarwa ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da mutum ya samu kuma yana mai da hankali kan hulɗar zamantakewa da fassarar su ta mai koyo. Wadannan ra'ayoyin suna da mahimman bayanai ga ayyukan koyarwa. Misali, masu halayyar sau da yawa suna jaddada maimaita motsa jiki, masu ilimin halayyar na iya ba da shawara ga dabarun mnemonic, kuma masu constructivists yawanci suna amfani da dabarun ilmantarwa na hadin gwiwa. Ra'ayoyi daban-daban suna nuna cewa ilmantarwa ya fi tasiri idan ya dogara da kwarewar mutum. Bugu da ƙari, yin niyyar zurfin fahimta ta hanyar haɗa sabbin bayanai zuwa ilimin da ya riga ya kasance ana ɗaukarsa mafi fa'ida fiye da haddace jerin abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa. Wani ka'idar ci gaba mai tasiri na ilmantarwa ya gabatar da shi daga masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Jean Piaget, wanda ya tsara matakai huɗu na ilmantarka ta hanyar da yara ke ci gaba a kan hanyarsu zuwa balaga: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete aiki, da kuma tsari na aiki. Wadannan matakai sun dace da matakai daban-daban na abstraction, tare da matakai na farko da ke mai da hankali kan ayyukan motsi da na motsi masu sauƙi, yayin da matakai daga baya suka haɗa da wakilci na ciki da sarrafa bayanai masu rikitarwa, kamar tunani mai ma'ana. === Hanyoyin koyarwa === Hanyar koyarwa ta shafi yadda malami ke isar da abun ciki, kamar ko ana amfani da aikin rukuni maimakon mayar da hankali ga ilmantarwa na mutum. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na koyarwa, kuma mafi tasiri a cikin wani labari da aka ba ya dogara da dalilai kamar batun batun da shekarun mai koyo da matakin ƙwarewa. Wannan yana nunawa a cikin tsarin makaranta na zamani, wanda ke tsara ɗalibai a cikin aji daban-daban bisa ga shekaru, ƙwarewa, ƙwarewar, da yaren asali don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin ilmantarwa. Batutuwa daban-daban galibi suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban; alal misali, ilimin harshe akai-akai yana jaddada ilmantarwa na baki, yayin da ilimin lissafi ke mai da hankali kan tunani mai ban mamaki da alama tare da tunani mai banƙyama. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman al'amura na hanyoyin koyarwa shine tabbatar da cewa masu koyo sun kasance masu motsawa, ko dai ta hanyar abubuwan da suka dace kamar sha'awa da son sani ko ta hanyar lada na waje.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Hanyar koyarwa ta haɗa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na koyarwa, kamar littattafai, takardun aiki, da rikodin sauti da gani, gami da aiwatar da wasu nau'ikan gwaji ko kimantawa don auna ci gaban ilmantarwa. Binciken ilimi shine tsari na yin rikodin ilimin ɗalibi da ƙwarewa, wanda zai iya faruwa a hukumance ko ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma zai iya faruwa kafin, yayin, ko bayan aikin ilmantarwa. Wani muhimmin bangare na koyarwa a cikin hanyoyin ilimi na zamani da yawa shine cewa kowane darasi yana daga cikin tsarin ilimi mai zurfi wanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin karatun, wanda sau da yawa yakan ɗauki watanni ko shekaru da yawa. A cewar Herbartianism, koyarwa ta kasu kashi-kashi. Mataki na farko ya haɗa da shirya tunanin ɗalibin don sabon bayani. Daga baya, ana gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi ga mai koyo sannan a haɗa su da ra'ayoyin da suka riga sun saba da su. A cikin matakai na gaba, fahimtar sauye-sauye zuwa matakin gaba ɗaya fiye da takamaiman lokuta, kuma ana amfani da ra'ayoyin a cikin mahallin da ya dace. == Tarihi == Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin matakai, hanyoyin, da cibiyoyin da suka haɗu da koyarwa da ilmantarwa, da nufin bayyana hulɗarsu da tasiri a kan ayyukan ilimi a tsawon lokaci. === Tarihi na farko === Ilimi a lokacin [[prehistory]] da farko ya sauƙaƙa al'adu, yana jaddada ilimin da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar samar da abinci, tufafi, mafaka, da aminci. Makarantu na yau da kullun da malamai na musamman ba su nan, tare da manya a cikin al'umma suna ɗaukar matsayin koyarwa, da kuma ilmantarwa da ke faruwa ta hanyar ayyukan yau da kullun, gami da lura da [[Kwaikwayo|kwaikwayon]] dattawa. A cikin Al'ummomin baki, ba da labari ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don watsa al'adu da addinai a cikin tsararraki. {{Efn|Research on prehistoric education often relies on studies of surviving hunting and gathering societies.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|Stearns|2023|p=12}}</ref>}} Tare da zuwan aikin gona a lokacin [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a kusa da 9000 KZ, canjin ilimi a hankali zuwa ƙwarewa ya biyo baya, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan al'ummomi da buƙatar ƙwarewar sana'a da fasaha. === Zamanin Dā === Farawa a cikin karni na 4 KZ kuma ya mamaye lokutan da suka biyo baya, wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin ilimi ya bayyana tare da zuwan rubutu a yankuna kamar [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], tsohuwar Misira, Indus Valley, da tsohuwar China. {{Efn|There is no consensus on the precise timing of writing's invention, and various forms of [[proto-writing]] existed for much longer periods.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Kortti|2019|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Oh5HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 6]}} | {{harvnb|Crowley|Heyer|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=cl6kCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT70 70]}} }}</ref>}} Wannan ci gaba ya yi tasiri sosai ga tsarin ilimi. Rubuce-rubuce ya sauƙaƙa adanawa, adanawa da rarraba bayanai, yana gabatar da ci gaba na gaba kamar ƙirƙirar kayan taimako na ilimi kamar littattafai da kafa cibiyoyi kamar makarantu. [[Fayil:Plato's_Academy_mosaic_from_Pompeii.jpg|alt=Mosaic from Pompeii depicting Plato's Academy|thumb|Kwalejin Plato, wanda aka nuna a cikin mosaic daga Pompeii, ana daukar shi akai-akai a matsayin cibiyar farko ta ilimi mafi girma.]] Wani muhimmin bangare na ilimin gargajiya shine kafa ilimi na yau da kullun. Wannan ya zama dole yayin da wayewa ta samo asali kuma yawan ilimi ya fadada, ya wuce abin da ilimi na al'ada zai iya watsawa yadda ya kamata a cikin tsararraki. Malamai sun ɗauki matsayi na musamman don ba da ilimi, wanda ke haifar da tsarin ilimi mai mahimmanci wanda ba shi da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai wuya a cikin al'ummomin dā, da farko ana iya samun sa ga masu ilimi. Ya rufe fannoni kamar karatu da rubutu, adana rikodin, jagoranci, rayuwar jama'a da siyasa, addini, da ƙwarewar fasaha da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman sana'o'i. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya gabatar da sabon tsarin koyarwa wanda ya jaddada horo da motsa jiki a kan hanyoyin da ba a sani ba a baya. Abubuwa biyu da suka samu na ilimi na dā sun haɗa da kafa Kwalejin Plato a Tsohon Girka, sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon cibiyar ilimi mafi girma, da kuma kafa Babban Laburaren Alexandria a Tsohon Misira, wanda aka sani da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na duniya.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> === Zamanin Tsakiya === [[Fayil:Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Bologna a Italiya, wacce aka kafa a 1088 AZ, ita ce jami'a mafi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki.]] Yawancin bangarorin ilimi a lokacin tsakiyar zamani sun sami rinjaye sosai daga al'adun addini. A Turai, [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] yana da iko sosai a kan ilimi na yau da kullun. A cikin Duniyar Larabawa, saurin yaduwar Islama ya haifar da ci gaba daban-daban na ilimi a lokacin Zamanin Zinariya na Islama, haɗa ilimin gargajiya da na addini da kafa makarantun [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]]. A cikin al'ummomin Yahudawa, yeshivas sun fito ne a matsayin cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don nazarin matani na addini da Dokar Yahudawa. A kasar Sin, an kafa tsarin ilimi da jarrabawa na jihar, wanda koyarwar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]] ta tsara. Kamar yadda sababbin al'ummomi masu rikitarwa suka fito a yankuna kamar Afirka, Amurka, Arewacin Turai, da Japan, wasu sun karɓi ayyukan ilimi na yanzu, yayin da wasu suka haɓaka sabbin al'adu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan zamanin ya ga kafa cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike daban-daban. Shahararrun daga cikin waɗannan sune Jami'ar Bologna (jami'ar da ta fi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki), Jami'ar Paris, da [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a Turai. Sauran cibiyoyin da suka fi tasiri sun hada da [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Jami'ar Al-Qarawiyyin]] a Maroko, [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] a Misira, da kuma Gidan Hikima a Iraki.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Wani muhimmin ci gaba shi ne kafa ƙungiyoyin sana'a, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke tsara kasuwancin su kuma suna ba da ilimin sana'a. Wadanda za su kasance mambobi sun sami matakai daban-daban na horo a kan tafiyarsu zuwa gwaninta. === Zamanin zamani === [[Fayil:Printer_in_1568-ce.png|alt=A woodcut from 1568 showing an old printing press|thumb|Samar da na'urar buga takardu ya sa a sami kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta a ko'ina kuma ya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a matakan karatu da rubutu gaba ɗaya.]] Farawa a farkon zamanin zamani, ilimi a Turai a lokacin [[Renaissance]] a hankali ya fara canzawa daga tsarin addini zuwa wanda ya fi na duniya. Wannan ci gaban an haɗa shi da karuwar godiya ga muhimmancin ilimi da kuma fadada batutuwa, gami da farfado da sha'awar rubuce-rubucen adabi na dā da shirye-shiryen ilimi. An hanzarta juyawa zuwa ga secularisation a lokacin Age of Enlightenment wanda ya fara a karni na 17, wanda ya jaddada rawar da dalili da kimiyyar kwarewa ke takawa. Mulkin mallaka na Turai ya shafi ilimi a Amurka ta hanyar ayyukan mishan na Kirista. A kasar Sin, an kara fadada tsarin ilimi na jihar kuma ya mai da hankali kan koyarwar neo-Confucianism. A cikin duniyar Islama, yaduwar ilimi na yau da kullun ya karu kuma ya kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin addini.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Babban ci gaba a farkon zamanin zamani shine kirkirar da yaduwar na'urar buga Littattafai a tsakiyar karni na 15, wanda ke da tasiri sosai ga ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Ya rage farashin samar da littattafai, waɗanda aka rubuta da hannu a baya, kuma ta haka ne ya kara rarraba takardun da aka rubuta, gami da sababbin siffofi kamar [[Jarida|jaridu]] da litattafai. Ƙarin wadatar kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta yana da babban tasiri a kan yawan jama'a. Wadannan canje-canjen sun shirya hanya don ci gaban ilimin jama'a a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19. {{Efn|For example, [[Commission of National Education|the world's first ministry of education]] was founded in 1773.<ref name="ND">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground: 1795 to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0 |url-access=registration|access-date=17 March 2013|date=28 February 2005|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12819-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0/page/167 167]}}</ref><ref name="TT">{{cite book|author1=Ted Tapper|author2=David Palfreyman|title=Understanding Mass Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives On Access|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riv0UCM90AMC&pg=RA2-PA140|access-date=17 March 2013|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeFalmer|isbn=978-0-415-35491-2|page=140}}</ref>}} Wannan zamanin ya ga kafa makarantun da jama'a ke tallafawa tare da burin samar da ilimi ga kowa, ya bambanta da lokutan da suka gabata lokacin da makarantun masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin addini, da masu koyarwa suka fara bayar da ilimi. Wani bambanci ga wannan yanayin shine wayewar Aztec, inda ilimi na yau da kullun ya zama tilas ga matasa a duk faɗin zamantakewar al'umma tun farkon karni na 14. Canje-canje masu alaƙa da juna sun kasance don yin ilimi tilas kuma kyauta ga duk yara har zuwa wani shekaru. === Zamanin zamani === Inganta ilimin jama'a da samun damar ilimi na duniya sun sami ƙarfi a cikin ƙarni na 20 da 21, wanda kungiyoyin gwamnati kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka amince da shi. Babban shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da Sanarwar Universal na 'Yancin Dan Adam, Yarjejeniyar kan' Yancin Yara, Ilimi ga Dukkanin, Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, da Manufofin Ci gaba mai dorewa. Wadannan kokarin sun haifar da karuwa a kowane nau'in ilimi, musamman tasirin ilimin firamare. A cikin 1970, kashi 28% na dukkan yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya ba su shiga makaranta ba; zuwa 2015, wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa 9% .<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Kafa ilimin jama'a ya kasance tare da gabatar da daidaitattun tsarin karatu don makarantun jama'a da kuma daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje don tantance ci gaban ɗalibai. Misalan zamani sune gwajin Ingilishi a matsayin Harshen Ƙasashen waje, wanda shine gwajin da ake amfani da shi a duniya don tantance ƙwarewar harshe a cikin masu magana da Ingilishi marasa asali, da kuma Shirin Nazarin Dalibai na Duniya, wanda ke kimanta tsarin ilimi a duk faɗin duniya bisa ga aikin ɗalibai masu shekaru 15 a karatu, lissafi, da kimiyya. Irin wannan sauye-sauye ya shafi malamai, tare da kafa cibiyoyi da ka'idoji don tsarawa da kula da horar da malamai. Fasahar ilimi mai tasowa ta yi tasiri sosai ga ilimin zamani. Samun kwamfutoci da intanet da yawa sun fadada damar samun damar samun albarkatun ilimi kuma sun sauƙaƙe sababbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa, kamar ilimin kan layi. Wannan ya zama mahimmanci musamman a lokacin annobar COVID-19 lokacin da makarantu a duk duniya suka rufe na dogon lokaci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa su karɓi hanyoyin ilmantarwa ta nesa ta hanyar Taron bidiyo ko Darussan bidiyo da aka riga aka rubuta don ci gaba da koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimin zamani yana da tasiri ta hanyar karuwar duniya da kuma ƙasashen duniya na ayyukan ilimi. == Dubi kuma ==   == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Notelist|30em}} === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Tushen ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.oecd.org/education/ Ilimi - OECD] * [https://www.unesco.org/en/education Ilimi - UNESCO] * [https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education Ilimi - Bankin Duniya] {{Education|state=expanded}}{{Parenting|state=collapsed}}{{Social sciences}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 04msqbh91da8dm3odp6cc1clkwwa57k 885219 885218 2026-07-20T11:41:35Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885219 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Ilimi shi ne yada sani, da ƙwarewa, da kuma inganta ɗabi'u. Ilimi a tsare (formal education) yana faruwa ne a cikin wani tsari na musamman, kamar a makarantun jama'a ko na [[gwamnati]] waɗanda ke bin wani tsarin karatu. Ilimi wanda ba a tsare a matsayin makaranta ba (non-formal education) shi ma yana bin wani tsari ne, amma yana faruwa a wajen tsarin makaranta na al'ada. Yayin da ilimin gida ko na [[al'ada]] (informal education) ya haɗa da ilmantarwa mara tsari wadda ke faruwa ta hanyar abubuwan rayuwar yau da kullum. Ana rarraba ilimin makaranta zuwa matakai daban-daban, gami da ilimin yara na matakin farko, ilimin firamare, ilimin sakandare, da kuma ilimin gaba da sakandare (jami'a ko kwaleji). Wasu rabe-raben kuma suna mayar da hankali ne kan hanyoyin koyarwa, kamar koyarwa da ta karkata kan malami ko kan ɗalibi, da kuma fannonin darussa, kamar ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harsuna, da ilimin motsa jiki. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar "ilimi" na iya nufin yanayin tunani da ɗabi'un mutane masu ilimi, ko kuma fannin ilimi da ke yin nazari a kan tsarin koyo da koyarwa. Ana samun saɓanin ra'ayi game da ainihin ma'anar ilimi da kuma manufofinsa, musamman kan yadda ilimi ya bambanta da tsagwaron koyarwa kawai wajen inganta tunani mai zurfi. Wannan saɓanin ra'ayi yana yin tasiri a kan yadda ake tantancewa, da auna, da kuma inganta nau'o'in ilimi daban-daban. A asali, ilimi yana shigar da yara cikin al'umma ta hanyar koya musu ɗabi'u da ƙa'idojin al'adu, sannan yana ba su ƙwarewar da ake buƙata domin su zama mutane masu amfani ga al'ummarsu. Ta yin hakan, ilimi na haɓaka ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana wayar da kan jama'a game da matsalolin cikin gida da ma na duniya baki ɗaya. Cibiyoyin ilimi a tsare (formal institutions) suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan fanni. Misali, gwamnatoci kan kafa manufofin ilimi domin tantance tsawon lokacin karatu, da tsarin darussa, da kuma ƙa'idojin halartar makaranta. Ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa kuwa, irin su UNESCO, sun taka rawar gani matuƙa wajen tabbatar da samun ilimin matakin firamare ga dukkan yara. Abubuwa da yawa sunakara basira ga nasarar ilimi. Abubuwan da ke tattare da tunanin mutum sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka. Abubuwan zamantakewa, kamar Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, kabilanci, da jinsi, galibi suna da alaƙa da nuna bambanci. Sauran dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yankin ilimi na farko da ke jarraba ilimi an san shi da karatun ilimi. Yana zurfafa cikin yanayin ilimi, manufofinsa, tasirinsa, da hanyoyin ingantawa. Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban, gami da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin [[zamantakewa]], da tattalin arzikin ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika batutuwa kamar ilimin kwatankwacin, koyarwa, da Tarihin ilimi. A cikin prehistory, ilimi da farko ya faru ne ta hanyar sadarwa ta baki da kwaikwayon. Tare da fitowar wayewa zamani, kirkirar rubuce-rubuce ya haifar da fadada ilimi, wanda ya haifar da sauyawa daga ilimi na al'ada zuwa ilimi na al-ada. Da farko, ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai sauƙin isa ga fitattun mutane da kungiyoyin [[addini]]. Zuwan na'urar buga littattafai a karni na 15 ya sauƙaƙa samun dama ga littattafai, don haka kara yawan karatu da rubutu. A cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19, ilimin jama'a ya sami mahimmanci, yana ba da hanya ga ƙungiyar duniya don samar da ilimin firamare ga kowa, kyauta, kuma tilas har zuwa wani zamani. A halin yanzu, sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya suna zuwa makarantar firama. == Ma'anar ==   Kalmar "ilimi" ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Latin educare, ma'ana "don kawowa," da educere, ma'anar "don kawo haihuwa". [1] Ma'anar ilimi ta bincika ta hanyar masu ilimin kimiyya daga fannoni daban-daban. [2] Mutane da yawa sun yarda cewa ilimi aiki ne mai ma'ana wanda aka yi niyya don cimma burin kamar watsa ilimi, ƙwarewa, da halaye.[3] Koyaya, muhawara mai zurfi ta kewaye ainihin yanayin ta fiye da waɗannan fasalulluka. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin yana kallon ilimi a matsayin tsari da ke faruwa a lokacin abubuwan da suka faru kamar makaranta, koyarwa, da koyo.[4] Wani hangen nesa yana ganin ilimi ba a matsayin tsari ba amma a matsayin yanayin tunani da kuma halin da ake ciki na mutane masu ilimi suka haifar da wannan tsari.[5] Bugu da ƙari, kalmar na iya komawa ga fagen ilimi wanda ke nazarin hanyoyin, matakai, da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da hannu a koyarwa da ilmantarwa.[6] Samun kyakkyawar fahimtar kalmar yana da mahimmanci yayin ƙoƙarin gano abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, auna nasarar ilimi, da inganta ayyukan ilimi.[7] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da cikakkun ma'anoni ta hanyar gano takamaiman fasalulluka na musamman ga kowane nau'in ilimi. Masanin ilimin ilimi R. S. Peters, alal misali, ya tsara muhimman abubuwa uku na ilimi, gami da ba da ilimi da fahimta ga ɗalibi, tabbatar da cewa tsari yana da fa'ida, da kuma gudanar da shi a hanyar da ta dace.[1] Duk da yake irin waɗannan ma'anoni masu kyau galibi suna nuna nau'ikan ilimi yadda ya kamata, suna fuskantar zargi saboda nau'ikan ilimin da ba a saba gani ba na iya fadawa waje da sigogin su.[2] Yin hulɗa da misalai marasa daidaituwa waɗanda ba a rufe su da ainihin ma'anoni na iya zama ƙalubale, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu masu ra'ayi suka fi son bayar da ma'anonin da ba su da ma'anar daidai bisa ga kamanceceniyar iyali a maimakon haka. Wannan tsarin yana nuna cewa duk nau'ikan ilimi suna kama da juna amma ba sa buƙatar raba saiti na muhimman fasalulluka na kowa.[3] Wasu masu ilimin ilimi, kamar Keira Sewell da Stephen Newman, suna jayayya cewa kalmar "ilimi" ta dogara da mahallin. [lower-alpha 1][4] Bincike ko mahimman ra'ayoyi[lower-alpha 1] na ilimi suna tabbatar da cewa yana cikin yanayin ilimi don haifar da wani nau'i na ci gaba. Sun bambanta da ra'ayoyi masu laushi, waɗanda ke ba da bayani mara kyau.[1] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya suna ba da bayanin ilimi ta hanyar lura da yadda ake amfani da kalmar a cikin harshe na yau da kullun. Ra'ayoyin umarni, a gefe guda, suna bayyana abin da ke samar da ilimi mai kyau ko kuma yadda ya kamata a yi ilimi.[2] Yawancin ra'ayoyi masu kauri da ka'idoji suna kallon ilimi a matsayin ƙoƙari wanda ke ƙoƙarin cimma takamaiman Manufofin, wanda zai iya haɗawa da samun ilimi, koyon yin tunani da hankali, da haɓaka halaye irin su alheri da gaskiya. [3][4] Masana daban-daban sun jaddada muhimmancin tunani mai mahimmanci wajen rarrabe ilimi daga koyarwa.[1] Suna jayayya cewa koyarwa tana mai da hankali ne kawai kan koyar da imani a cikin ɗalibai, ba tare da la'akari da halayensu ba; yayin da ilimi kuma yana ƙarfafa ikon tunani don bincika da kuma tambayar waɗannan imani. [2][3] Koyaya, ba a yarda da duniya ba cewa waɗannan abubuwan biyu za a iya rarrabe su a sarari, kamar yadda wasu nau'ikan koyarwa na iya zama dole a farkon matakan ilimi lokacin da tunanin yaro bai riga ya bunƙasa ba. Wannan ya dace musamman a lokuta inda yara ƙanana dole ne su koyi wasu abubuwa ba tare da fahimtar ainihin dalilan ba, kamar takamaiman ka'idojin tsaro da ayyukan tsabta.[4] Ana iya kwatanta ilimi daga ra'ayoyin malami da ɗalibai. Ma'anar malami tana jaddada hangen nesa da rawar malami wajen watsa ilimi da ƙwarewa a hanyar da ta dace.[1] A gefe guda, ma'anar ɗalibai suna nazarin ilimi bisa ga shigar ɗalibai a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa, suna ba da shawarar cewa wannan tsari yana canzawa da wadatar da abubuwan da suka biyo baya.[2] Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi la'akari da ma'anar da suka haɗa da ra'ayoyin biyu. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana ganin ilimi a matsayin tsari na kwarewar ɗabi'a, wanda ya haɗa da gano duniya ta kowa da kuma warware matsaloli haɗin gwiwa.[3] == Nau'o'in == Akwai rarrabuwa da yawa na ilimi. Ɗaya daga cikin rarrabuwa ya dogara da tsarin ma'aikata, rarrabe tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-ada. Wani rarrabuwa ya haɗa da matakai daban-daban na ilimi bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin da rikitarwa na abun ciki. Ƙarin rukunoni suna mai da hankali kan batun, hanyar koyarwa, matsakaici da aka yi amfani da shi, da kuma kudade.[1] === Hanyar da ba ta dace ba, da kuma na al'ada ===   Rarrabawar da aka fi sani da ita ita ce tsakanin ilimi na al'ada, wanda ba na al'adu ba, da kuma ilimi na al-adaba.[1] [lower-alpha 1] ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin tsarin tsarin tsarin, yawanci tare da tsari na lokaci da matsayi. Tsarin makaranta na zamani yana shirya azuzuwan bisa ga shekarun dalibi da ci gaba, daga makarantar firamare zuwa jami'a. Yawancin lokaci gwamnati ce ke kula da ilimi na yau da kullun kuma sau da yawa ana ba da umarni har zuwa wani shekaru.[2] Ilimi mara kyau da na al'ada yana faruwa a waje da tsarin makaranta na al'adu, tare da ilimin da ba na al'umma ba wanda ke aiki a matsayin matsakaicin matsakaici. Kamar ilimi na yau da kullun, ana shirya ilimi mara kyau, tsari, kuma ana bin sa tare da kyakkyawar manufa, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin ayyukan kamar koyarwa, aji na motsa jiki, da shiga cikin motsi na 'yan kallo.[1] Ilimi na yau da kullun, a gefe guda, yana faruwa ne ta hanyar da ba a tsara shi ba ta hanyar abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau da kullun da kuma fallasa yanayin. Ba kamar ilimi na yau da kullun ba, yawanci babu wani mutum mai iko da ke da alhakin koyarwa.[2] Ilimi na al'ada yana faruwa a wurare da yanayi daban-daban a duk rayuwar mutum, sau da yawa ba zato ba tsammani, kamar yara suna koyon yarensu na farko daga iyayensu ko mutane da ke kula da ƙwarewar dafa abinci ta hanyar shirya abinci tare.[3] Wasu masu ilimin kimiyya sun bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan guda uku bisa ga yanayin ilmantarwa: ilimi na yau da kullun yana faruwa a cikin makarantu, ilimi mara kyau yana faruwa a saitunan da ba a saba zuwa ba, kamar gidajen tarihi, kuma ilimi na yau le kullun yana faruwa ne a cikin mahallin ayyukan yau da kullun.[1] Bugu da ƙari, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin tushen motsawa. Ilimi na yau da kullun yana motsawa ta hanyar motsawa ta waje, wanda lada na waje ke motsawa. Sabanin haka, a cikin ilimin da ba na al'ada ba da na al'adu, motsawa ta ainihi, wanda ya samo asali ne daga jin daɗin tsarin ilmantarwa, yawanci ya fi rinjaye.[2] Duk da yake bambancin tsakanin nau'ikan uku gabaɗaya a bayyane yake, wasu nau'ikan ilimi bazai dace da rukuni ɗaya ba.[3] A cikin al'adu na farko, ilimi ya fi faruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, tare da ɗan bambanci tsakanin ayyukan ilimi da sauran ayyukan yau da kullun. Maimakon haka, duk mahalli ya zama aji, kuma manya galibi suna ɗaukar matsayin malamai. Koyaya, ilimin da ba na al'ada ba sau da yawa ya zama bai isa ba don ba da ilimi mai yawa. Don magance wannan iyakancewa, saitunan ilimi na yau da kullun da masu koyarwa da aka horar da su yawanci suna da mahimmanci. Wannan wajibi ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar muhimmancin ilimi na yau da kullun a cikin tarihi. A tsawon lokaci, ilimi na yau da kullun ya haifar da canji zuwa ga ƙarin abubuwan da ba a fahimta ba da kuma batutuwa, nisanta kansa daga rayuwar yau da kullun. An fi mayar da hankali kan fahimtar ka'idoji da ra'ayoyi gaba ɗaya maimakon kawai lura da kwaikwayon takamaiman halaye.[1] === Matsayi === [[Fayil:Parent's_day_at_Eirfan's_Kindergarten.jpg|alt=Photo of a kindergarten lesson in Japan|thumb|Yara a makarantar sakandare ta Japan]] Ana rarraba nau'ikan ilimi zuwa matakai daban-daban ko matakai. Ɗaya daga cikin tsarin da ke da tasiri shine Tsarin Ilimi na Duniya, wanda Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al'adu ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNESCO) ke kula da shi. Wannan rarrabuwa ta ƙunshi ilimi na al'ada da wanda ba na al'adu ba kuma yana rarrabe matakan bisa ga dalilai kamar shekarun ɗalibin, tsawon lokacin ilmantarwa, da rikitarwa na abubuwan da aka rufe. Ƙarin ƙa'idodi sun haɗa da buƙatun shigarwa, ƙwarewar malami, da kuma sakamakon da aka nufa na kammala nasara. An haɗa matakan cikin ilimin yara na farko (mataki 0), ilimin firamare (mataki 1), ilimin sakandare (mataki 2-3), ilimin sakandare na baya-bayan nan (mataki 4), da kuma ilimin sakandare-tsaro (mataki 5-8). [1] Ilimi na yara na farko, wanda kuma ake kira ilimin makarantar sakandare ko ilimin yara, ya ƙunshi lokacin daga haihuwa har zuwa farkon makarantar firamare. An tsara shi don sauƙaƙe ci gaban yara cikakke, magance al'amuran jiki, tunani, da zamantakewa. Ilimi na yara yana da mahimmanci wajen inganta zamantakewa da Ci gaban mutum, yayin da yake ba da ƙwarewar asali a cikin sadarwa, ilmantarwa, da warware matsaloli. Babban burinta shine shirya yara don sauyawa zuwa ilimin firamare.[1] Duk da yake ilimin makarantar sakandare yawanci zaɓi ne, a wasu ƙasashe kamar Brazil, wajibi ne tun daga shekaru huɗu.[2] [[Fayil:Early_Childhood_Education_USAID_Africa.jpg|alt=Photo of early childhood education in Ethiopia|thumb|Gidan aji na makarantar firamare a Habasha]] Ilimi na firamare (ko firamare) yawanci yana farawa tsakanin shekaru biyar zuwa bakwai kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru huɗu zuwa bakwai. Ba shi da ƙarin buƙatun shigarwa kuma yana da niyyar ba da ƙwarewar asali a karatu, rubutu, da lissafi. Bugu da ƙari, yana ba da mahimman bayanai a cikin batutuwa kamar Tarihi, Yanayin ƙasa, kimiyya, kiɗa, da fasaha. Wani manufa shine sauƙaƙe ci gaban mutum.[1] A halin yanzu, ilimin firamare wajibi ne a kusan dukkanin kasashe, tare da sama da kashi 90% na yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya da ke halartar irin waɗannan makarantu.[2] Ilimi na sakandare yana cin nasarar ilimin firamare kuma yawanci yana da shekaru 12 zuwa 18. Yawancin lokaci ana raba shi zuwa ƙananan ilimin sakandare (kamar makarantar tsakiya ko ƙaramar makarantar sakandare) da kuma makarantar sakandare (kamar makarantar sakandare, babbar makarantar sakandare، ko kwaleji, dangane da ƙasar). Ilimi na sakandare na ƙasa yawanci yana buƙatar kammala makarantar firamare a matsayin abin da ake buƙata don shiga. Yana da niyyar fadadawa da zurfafa sakamakon ilmantarwa, tare da mai da hankali kan takamaiman darussan, kuma malamai galibi suna ƙwarewa a cikin takamaiman batutuwa ɗaya ko kaɗan. Ɗaya daga cikin burinta shine ya saba da ɗalibai da mahimman ra'ayoyin ka'idoji a cikin batutuwa daban-daban, yana kafa tushe mai ƙarfi don ilmantarwa na rayuwa. A wasu lokuta, yana iya haɗawa da nau'ikan horo na sana'a.[1] Ilimi na sakandare na tilas ne a kasashe da yawa a fadin Tsakiyar da Gabashin Asiya, Turai, da Amurka. A wasu kasashe, yana wakiltar matakin karshe na ilimi na tilas. Koyaya, karatun sakandare na tilas ba shi da yawa a cikin ƙasashen Larabawa, Afirka ta kudu da Sahara, da Kudancin da Yammacin Asiya.[2] [[Fayil:Calhan_High_School_Senior_Classroom_by_David_Shankbone.jpg|thumb|Babban makarantar sakandare (na goma sha biyu) a Amurka]] Ilimi na sakandare yawanci yana farawa a kusa da shekaru 15, da nufin samar da ɗalibai da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata da ilimin aiki ko ilimi na sakandare. Karshen ilimin sakandare na yau da kullun wajibi ne. Shirin ya kunshi batutuwa da yawa, sau da yawa yana ba wa ɗalibai damar zaɓar daga zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban. Samun cancanta na al'ada, kamar difloma na makarantar sakandare, ana danganta shi da nasarar kammala karatun sakandare.[1] Ilimi bayan matakin sakandare na iya fadawa ƙarƙashin rukunin karatun sakandare ba na sakandare ba, wanda yayi kama da ilimin sakandare a cikin rikitarwa amma yana mai da hankali kan horar da sana'a ga ɗalibai masu shirye don ma'aikata.[2] [[Fayil:Distributed_Intelligent_Systems_Department_laboratory.jpg|alt=Photo of students in a laboratory at the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University|thumb|Dalibai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Jihar Saint Petersburg, Rasha]] A wasu ƙasashe, ilimin sakandare yana da alaƙa da ilimi mafi girma, yayin da a wasu, ilimin sakonni ya ƙunshi faɗin faɗin.[1] Ilimi na sakandare ya gina a kan tushe da aka kafa a makarantar sakandare amma ya zurfafa cikin takamaiman fannoni ko batutuwa. Sakamakon sa ya haifar da digiri na ilimi. Ilimi na uku ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu: gajeren lokaci na uku, bachelor's, master's, da kuma ilimin digiri. Wadannan matakan galibi suna samar da tsarin matsayi, tare da samun matakan da suka gabata suna aiki a matsayin abin da ake buƙata ga waɗanda suka fi girma.[2] Ilimi na sakandare na gajeren lokaci yana mai da hankali kan fannoni masu amfani, yana ba da horo na sana'a da ƙwarewa da aka tsara don sana'o'i na musamman.[3] Ilimi na matakin farko, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin digiri na farko, yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da ilimin sakandare na gajeren lokaci. Jami'o'i ne ke ba da shi kuma ya ƙare a cikin takardar shaidar ilimi ta tsakiya da aka sani da digiri na farko.[4] Ilimi na matakin Jagoran ya fi ƙwarewa fiye da ilimin digiri na farko kuma sau da yawa ya haɗa da bincike mai zaman kansa, yawanci a cikin nau'in rubutun Jagora.[5] Ilimi na matakin digiri yana haifar da ƙwarewar bincike mai zurfi, yawanci digiri na likita, kamar Dokta na Falsafa (PhD). Yawancin lokaci yana ƙunshe da gabatar da aiki mai mahimmanci na ilimi, kamar rubutun. Ƙarin matakan ci gaba sun haɗa da karatun post-doctoral da habilitation.[6] Samun nasarar kammala ilimi na yau da kullun yawanci yana haifar da takaddun shaida, abin da ake buƙata don ci gaba zuwa matakan ilimi mafi girma da shiga wasu sana'o'i. Yin yaudara ba tare da an gano shi ba a lokacin jarrabawa, kamar yin amfani da takardar yaudara, yana haifar da barazana ga wannan tsarin ta hanyar yiwuwar tabbatar da ɗaliban da ba su cancanta ba.[1] A mafi yawan ƙasashe, ana ba da ilimin firamare da sakandare kyauta. Koyaya, akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa a duniya a cikin farashin ilimi na sakandare. Wasu ƙasashe, kamar Sweden, Finland, Poland, da Mexico, suna ba da ilimi mai zurfi kyauta ko a farashi mai arha. Sabanin haka, a cikin kasashe kamar Amurka da Singapore, ilimi na sakandare sau da yawa yana zuwa tare da kudaden karatu masu yawa, wanda ke haifar da ɗalibai su dogara da rance mai yawa don tallafawa karatunsu.[1] Kudin ilimi na sama na iya zama babbar shinge ga ɗalibai a Kasashe masu tasowa, saboda iyalansu na iya gwagwarmaya don rufe kuɗin makaranta, siyan kayan aiki, da siyan littattafai.[2] === Sauran === Littattafan ilimi suna bincika nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban, gami da hanyoyin gargajiya da madadin. Ilimi na gargajiya ya ƙunshi hanyoyin makaranta na dogon lokaci da na al'ada, wanda ke nuna koyarwar malami a cikin yanayin makaranta. Dokoki suna sarrafa fannoni daban-daban, kamar tsarin karatu da jadawalin aji.[1] [[Fayil:Representation,_Punch_Denmark,_1889.jpg|alt=Image of a homeschooling lesson|thumb|Homeschooling yana wakiltar wani nau'i na ilimi na daban.]] Sauran ilimi yana aiki ne a matsayin laima don hanyoyin makaranta waɗanda suka bambanta da tsarin gargajiya na al'ada. Wadannan bambance-bambance na iya haɗawa da bambance-mbance a cikin yanayin ilmantarwa, abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin karatu, ko kuma yanayin dangantakar malami da ɗalibi. Halaye na madadin makaranta sun haɗa da yin rajista na son rai, aji mai sauƙi da girman makaranta, da kuma koyarwa ta musamman, inganta yanayin da ya fi dacewa da motsin rai. Wannan rukuni ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban, kamar makarantun sasantawa da shirye-shirye na musamman waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ɗalibai masu ƙwarewa ko ƙwarewa ta musamman, tare da karatun gida da rashin makaranta. Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi falsafanci daban-daban na ilimi, gami da Makarantun Montessori, ilimin Waldorf, makarantun Round Square, makarantun Escuela Nueva, makarantun kyauta, da Makarantun dimokuradiyya.[1] Sauran ilimi ya ƙunshi ilimin 'yan asalin ƙasar, wanda ke jaddada adanawa da watsa ilimi da ƙwarewar da ta samo asali a cikin al'adun' yan asalin ƙasar. Wannan tsarin sau da yawa yana amfani da hanyoyin gargajiya kamar ba da labari da ba da labari.[2] Sauran nau'o'in makarantu sun hada da Makarantun gurukul a Indiya, Makarantun madrasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, da yeshivas a al'adar Yahudawa.[3][4][5] Wasu bambance-bambancen sun ta'allaka ne akan waɗanda suka sami ilimi. Rukuni bisa ga shekarun ɗalibi sune ilimin yara, ilimin matasa, ilimin manya, da ilimin tsofaffi. [1] Rukuni bisa ga jinsin halittu na ɗalibai sun haɗa da ilimin jinsi ɗaya da ilimin jinsi daban-daban . [2] An tsara ilimin musamman don biyan buƙatun ɗaliban da ke da nakasa, yana magance matsaloli daban-daban a fannin ilimi, zamantakewa, sadarwa, da kuma jiki . Manufarsa ita ce shawo kan ƙalubalen da waɗannan nakasa ke haifarwa, yana ba wa ɗaliban da abin ya shafa damar samun tsarin ilimi mai dacewa. A faffadan ma'ana, ilimin musamman ya ƙunshi ilimi ga yara masu hazaka ta hankali, waɗanda ke buƙatar manhajoji masu kyau don cimma cikakkiyar damarsu. [3] Rarrabawar da ta danganci hanyar koyarwa sun haɗa da ilimin da ke tsakiyar malami, inda malami ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ba da bayanai ga ɗalibai, da kuma ilimin da ke cikin ɗalibai, inda ɗalibai ke taka muhimmancin aiki da alhakin tsara ayyukan aji.[1] A cikin ilimi mai hankali, ilmantarwa da koyarwa suna faruwa tare da kyakkyawar manufa a zuciya. Ilimi mara hankali yana bayyana ba tare da shiri ko jagora ba.[2] Wannan na iya faruwa, a wani bangare, ta hanyar tasirin malamai da manya, wanda zai iya tasiri kai tsaye ga ci gaban halaye ɗalibai.[3] Ilimi na tushen shaida yana amfani da nazarin kimiyya don tantance hanyoyin ilimi mafi inganci. Manufarta ita ce inganta tasirin ayyukan ilimi da manufofi ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa an kafa su ne a cikin mafi kyawun shaidar da ke akwai. Wannan ya ƙunshi koyarwar da ta dogara da shaida, ilmantarwa da ta dogara ne da shaida, da kuma binciken tasirin makaranta.[4] Autodidacticism, ko ilmantarwa kai tsaye, yana faruwa ne ba tare da malamai da cibiyoyi ba. Da farko ana lura da shi a cikin ilimin manya, yana ba da 'yancin zaɓar abin da kuma lokacin da za a yi karatu, yana mai da shi ƙwarewar ilmantarwa mai gamsarwa. Koyaya, rashin tsari da jagora na iya haifar da ilmantarwa mara ma'ana, yayin da rashin Ra'ayoyin waje na iya haifar wa masu koyar da kansu da ke haɓaka ra'ayoyi marasa kyau da kuma kimanta ci gaban ilmantarwa ba daidai ba.[1] Autodidacticism yana da alaƙa da ilimin rayuwa, wanda ke haifar da ci gaba da koyo a duk rayuwar mutum.[2] Categories na ilimi bisa ga batun sun hada da Ilimin kimiyya, ilimin harshe, Ilimin fasaha, ilimin addini, ilimin jiki, da Ilimin jima'i.[1] Ana amfani da matsakaici na musamman kamar rediyo ko shafukan yanar gizo a cikin ilimin nesa, gami da e-learning (amfani da kwamfutoci), m-learning, da kuma ilimin kan layi. Sau da yawa, waɗannan suna ɗaukar nau'in ilimi mai buɗewa, inda darussan da kayan aiki ke samuwa tare da ƙananan shingen, ya bambanta da aji na gargajiya ko ilimi a wurin. Koyaya, ba duk nau'ikan ilimin kan layi ba ne; alal misali, wasu jami'o'i suna ba da cikakken shirye-shiryen digiri na kan layi waɗanda ba sa cikin shirye-shirye na ilimi.[2] Ilimi na Jiha, wanda aka fi sani da ilimin jama'a, gwamnati ce ke tallafawa da sarrafawa kuma yana samuwa ga jama'a gaba ɗaya.[lower-alpha 1] Yawanci ba ya buƙatar kuɗin karatu kuma saboda haka wani nau'i ne na Ilimi kyauta. Sabanin haka, cibiyoyin masu zaman kansu ne ke tallafawa da kuma gudanar da ilimin masu zaman kansu. Makarantu masu zaman kansu galibi suna da tsarin shigarwa mafi zaɓaɓɓu kuma suna ba da ilimi mai biyan kuɗi ta hanyar cajin kuɗin karatu.[1] Wani cikakken bayani game da cibiyoyin zamantakewa da ke da alhakin ilimi, kamar iyali, makaranta, jama'a, jiha, da coci.[2] Ilimi na tilas yana nufin ilimin da aka ba mutane doka ta karɓa, da farko yana shafar yara waɗanda dole ne su halarci makaranta har zuwa wani shekaru. Wannan ya bambanta da ilimin son rai, wanda mutane ke bi bisa ga zaɓin mutum maimakon wajibin doka.[1] == Matsayi a cikin al'umma == [[Fayil:NIH_Medical_Research_Scholars_Program_(48050924987).jpg|alt=Photo of a medical researcher|thumb|kwararru kwararru, kamar masu binciken kiwon lafiya, galibi suna samun ilimi mai zurfi don sarrafa fannonin su kuma suna ba da gudummawa ga al'umma.]] Ilimi yana aiki da matsayi daban-daban a cikin al'umma, wanda ya kunshi zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da kuma yankuna na mutum. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana kafawa da kuma kula da al'umma mai ɗorewa ta hanyar ba da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don hulɗa da muhalli da cika bukatun mutum da burin. A cikin al'umma ta zamani, waɗannan ƙwarewar sun haɗa da magana, karatu, rubutu, lissafi, da ƙwarewa a cikin fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana sauƙaƙa zamantakewar jama'a ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da ka'idojin zamantakewa da al'adu, tsara halayyar da ta dace a wurare daban-daban. Yana inganta hadin kan jama'a, kwanciyar hankali, da zaman lafiya, yana inganta aikin kai a ayyukan yau da kullun. Duk da yake zamantakewa yana faruwa a duk rayuwarsa, ilimin yara na farko yana da muhimmancin gaske. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dimokuradiyya ta hanyar inganta shiga cikin jama'a ta hanyar jefa kuri'a da shirya, yayin da kuma inganta daidaito ga kowa.[1] A matakin tattalin arziki, mutane suna zama mambobi masu amfani na al'umma ta hanyar ilimi, samun ƙwarewa fasaha da nazari da ake buƙata don ayyukansu, da kuma samar da kayayyaki da samar da sabis ga wasu. A cikin al'ummomin farko, akwai ƙwarewa kaɗan, tare da yara yawanci suna koyon ƙwarewa masu yawa da ke da muhimmanci ga aikin al'umma. Koyaya, al'ummomin zamani suna ƙara rikitarwa, tare da sana'o'i da yawa da ke buƙatar horo na musamman tare da ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan mutane ne kawai ke da ƙwarewa ga wasu sana'o'i. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwarewa da halaye da aka samu don aiki na al'umma na iya yin rikici a wasu lokuta, tare da darajarsu ta dogara da mahallin. Misali, inganta son sani da yin tambaya game da koyarwar da aka kafa yana inganta tunani mai mahimmanci da kirkire-kirkire, yayin da a wasu lokuta, biyayya ga iko ya zama dole don kiyaye zaman lafiya na zamantakewa.[1]   Ta hanyar sauƙaƙe haɗin mutane cikin al'umma, ilimi yana inganta Ci gaban tattalin arziki kuma yana rage talauci. Yana bawa ma'aikata damar inganta ƙwarewarsu, ta haka ne inganta ingancin kayayyaki da aiyuka da aka samar, wanda a ƙarshe ke inganta wadata da haɓaka gasa.[1] Ilimi na jama'a ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin saka hannun jari na dogon lokaci wanda ke amfanar al'umma gaba ɗaya, tare da ilimin firamare da ke nuna yawan dawowa.[2] Bugu da ƙari, ban da karfafa wadatar tattalin arziki, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban fasaha da kimiyya, yana rage rashin aikin yi, kuma yana inganta daidaito na zamantakewa.[3] Bugu da ƙari, karuwar ilimi tana da alaƙa da ƙananan haihuwa, wani bangare saboda karuwar wayar da kan jama'a game da shirin iyali, fadada damar mata, da jinkirin aure.[4] Ilimi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kasar don daidaitawa da canje-canje da kuma fuskantar sabbin kalubale yadda ya kamata. Yana wayar da kan jama'a kuma yana ba da gudummawa wajen magance [[Problèmes globaux|Batutuwan duniya na zamani]], gami da [[Canjin yanayi]], dorewa, da kuma fadada bambance-bambance tsakanin masu arziki da matalauta. Ta hanyar ba da fahimtar ɗalibai game da yadda rayuwarsu da ayyukansu ke shafar wasu, ilimi na iya karfafa mutane su yi ƙoƙari su sami duniya mai ɗorewa da adalci.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Don haka, ilimi ba wai kawai yana aiki ne don kula da ka'idojin al'umma ba har ma yana aiki ne a matsayin mai haɓaka ci gaban zamantakewa.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Wannan ya kai ga yanayin tattalin arziki mai tasowa, inda ci gaban fasaha, musamman karuwar sarrafa kansa, ke sanya sabbin buƙatu ga ma'aikata waɗanda ilimi zai iya taimakawa wajen biyan. Yayin da yanayi ke tasowa, ƙwarewa da ilimin da aka koyar na iya zama tsofaffi, yana buƙatar gyare-gyaren tsarin karatu don haɗawa da batutuwa kamar ilimin dijital, da inganta ƙwarewa wajen sarrafa sabbin fasahohi. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi na iya rungumar sababbin siffofi kamar manyan darussan kan layi don shirya mutane don ƙalubale da dama masu tasowa.<ref>{{Harvard citation no brackets|HarperCollins staff|2023}}</ref> A matakin mutum, ilimi yana inganta ci gaban mutum, ya haɗa da koyon sabbin ƙwarewa, inganta baiwa, haɓaka kerawa, haɓaka ilimin kai, da kuma inganta warware matsaloli da ƙwarewar yanke shawara. Bugu da ƙari, ilimi yana ba da gudummawa sosai ga kiwon lafiya da jin daɗi. Sau da yawa ana samun ilimi game da batutuwan kiwon lafiya kuma suna daidaita halayensu daidai, suna amfana daga hanyoyin sadarwar [[Taimako na zamantakewa|tallafin zamantakewa]] da dabarun jimrewa, kuma suna jin daɗin samun kudin shiga mafi girma, suna ba su damar samun sabis na kiwon lafiya mafi girma.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Muhimmancin zamantakewar ilimi an jaddada shi ta hanyar Ranar Ilimi ta Duniya ta shekara-shekara a ranar 24 ga Janairu, wanda [[Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya|Majalisar Dinkin Duniya]] ta kafa, wanda ya sanya 1970 a matsayin Shekarar Ilimi ta Kasa da Kasa. == Matsayin cibiyoyin == [[Fayil:Ministry_of_Education_of_China_(20221020141115).jpg|alt=Photo of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China|thumb|Cibiyoyin gwamnati kamar Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta kasar Sin suna tasiri ga fannoni da yawa na ilimin jama'a.]] Cibiyoyin da aka tsara suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a fannoni da yawa na ilimi. Kungiyoyi kamar makarantu, jami'o'i, cibiyoyin Horar da malamai, da ma'aikatun ilimi sun hada da bangaren ilimi. Suna hulɗa ba kawai da juna ba har ma da masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, gami da iyaye, al'ummomin yankin, kungiyoyin addini, kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, masu sana'a na [[Kula da lafiya|kiwon lafiya]], hukumomin [[Tabbatar da doka|tilasta bin doka]], dandamali na kafofin watsa labarai, da shugabannin siyasa. Mutane da yawa suna da hannu kai tsaye a bangaren ilimi, kamar dalibai, malamai, shugabannin makaranta, da ma'aikatan jinya na makaranta da masu haɓaka tsarin karatun. Abubuwa daban-daban na ilimi na yau da kullun ana tsara su ta hanyar manufofi cibiyoyin gwamnati. Wadannan manufofi suna ƙayyade shekarun da yara ke buƙatar halartar makaranta da kuma lokacin da ake gudanar da azuzuwan, da kuma batutuwan da suka shafi yanayin makaranta, kamar ababen more rayuwa. Dokokin kuma suna rufe ainihin cancanta da bukatun da malamai ke buƙatar cikawa. Wani muhimmin bangare na manufofin ilimi ya shafi tsarin karatun da aka yi amfani da shi don koyarwa a makarantu, kwalejoji, da jami'o'i. Tsarin karatu shine shirin koyarwa ko shirin ilmantarwa wanda ke jagorantar ɗalibai don cimma burinsu na ilimi. Ana yawan zaɓar batutuwa bisa ga muhimmancin su kuma sun dogara da nau'in makaranta. Manufofin tsarin karatun makarantar jama'a yawanci shine bayar da cikakken ilimi, yayin da horar da sana'a ke mai da hankali kan takamaiman ƙwarewa a cikin filin. Har ila yau, darussan sun rufe fannoni daban-daban ban da batun da za a tattauna, kamar hanyar koyarwa, manufofin da za a cimma, da kuma ka'idojin kimanta ci gaba. Ta hanyar ƙayyade tsarin karatun, cibiyoyin gwamnati suna da tasiri sosai a kan abin da ilimi da ƙwarewa ake watsawa ga ɗalibai. Misalan cibiyoyin gwamnati sun hada da [[Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta ƙasa (Indiya)|Ma'aikatar Ilimi]] a Indiya, Ma'aikatu na Ilimi na asali a Afirka ta Kudu, <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> da Sakatariyar Ilimi ta Jama'a'a a Mexico. <ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> [[Fayil:Flag_of_UNESCO_(cropped).svg|alt=Logo of UNESCO|thumb|Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa, kamar [[UNESCO]], sun yi amfani da tasiri sosai wajen tsara ka'idojin ilimi da manufofi a duk duniya.]] Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi. Misali, UNESCO kungiya ce ta gwamnati da ke inganta ilimi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukanta shine bayar da shawarwari ga manufofin ilimi, kamar Yarjejeniyar [[Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Yara]], wanda ya bayyana ilimi a matsayin ainihin haƙƙin ɗan adam ga dukan yara da matasa. Shirin Ilimi don Dukkanin ya yi niyyar samar da ilimi na asali ga dukkan yara, matasa, da manya a shekarar 2015, daga baya ya sami nasarar da shirin Ci gaban Ci gaba mai dorewa, musamman [[Manufar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban 4|burin 4]]. Manufofin da suka danganci sun hada da Yarjejeniyar kan nuna bambanci a Ilimi da shirin [[Makomar Ilimi]]. Wasu kungiyoyi masu tasiri ba na gwamnati ba ne maimakon na gwamnati. Misali, Ƙungiyar Jami'o'i ta Duniya tana inganta haɗin gwiwa da musayar ilimi tsakanin kwalejoji da jami'o'in duniya, yayin da Baccalaureate na Duniya ke ba da shirye-shiryen difloma na duniya. Cibiyoyin kamar Shirin Erasmus suna sauƙaƙa musayar ɗalibai tsakanin ƙasashe, yayin da shirye-shirye kamar Shirin Fulbright ke ba da irin wannan sabis ga malamai.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> == Abubuwan da suka haifar da nasarar ilimi == Nasarar ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira dalibi da nasarorin ilimi, ya shafi yadda aka cimma burin ilimi, kamar samun ilimi da ƙwarewa ta ɗalibai. Don dalilai masu amfani, galibi ana auna shi da farko dangane da ƙimar jarrabawar hukuma, amma akwai ƙarin alamomi da yawa, gami da ƙimar halartar, ƙimar digiri, ƙimar barin, halayen ɗalibai, da alamun bayan makaranta kamar su kudin shiga da ƙimar ɗaurin kurkuku. Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri ga nasarorin ilimi, kamar abubuwan da suka shafi [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|tunanin mutum]], da abubuwan zamantakewa da ke da alaƙa da yanayin zamantakewar ɗalibin. Ƙarin dalilai sun haɗa da samun damar fasahar ilimi, ingancin malami, da kuma sa hannun iyaye. Yawancin waɗannan abubuwan sun haɗu kuma suna rinjayar juna. === Halin tunani === A matakin tunanin mutum, abubuwan da suka dace sun haɗa da motsawa, hankali, da mutuntaka.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Motsawa ita ce ƙarfin ciki wanda ke motsa mutane su shiga cikin ilmantarwa. Dalibai masu motsawa suna iya hulɗa tare da abubuwan da za a koya ta hanyar shiga cikin ayyukan aji kamar tattaunawa, wanda ke haifar da zurfin fahimtar batun. Motsawa na iya taimaka wa ɗalibai su shawo kan matsaloli da koma baya. Wani muhimmin bambanci yana tsakanin motsawa na ciki da na waje. Dalibai masu motsawa suna motsawa ta hanyar sha'awar batun da kuma kwarewar ilmantarwa kanta. Dalibai masu motsawa na waje suna neman lada na waje kamar maki masu kyau da karbuwa daga takwarorinsu. Motsi na ciki yana da fa'ida, yana haifar da karuwar kerawa, shiga, da kuma sadaukarwa na dogon lokaci. Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suna da niyyar gano hanyoyin da za su kara motsawa, kamar karfafa gasa mai kyau tsakanin dalibai yayin da suke kula da daidaituwa na kyakkyawan ra'ayi da mara kyau ta hanyar yabo da zargi mai mahimmanci. Ilimi yana tasiri sosai ga martani na mutane ga ilimi. Halin fahimta ne wanda ke da alaƙa da ikon koyo daga gogewa, fahimta, da kuma amfani da ilimi da ƙwarewa don magance matsaloli. Mutanen da ke da maki mafi girma a cikin ma'aunin hankali yawanci suna yin mafi kyau a ilimi kuma suna bin matakan ilimi mafi girma. Sau da yawa ana danganta hankali da manufar IQ, ma'auni mai ma'aunin lambobi wanda ke kimanta hankali bisa ga ƙwarewar [[lissafi]] da magana. Koyaya, an yi jayayya cewa hankali ya ƙunshi nau'o'i daban-daban fiye da IQ. Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Howard Gardner ya gabatar da nau'o'i daban-daban na hankali a cikin fannoni kamar lissafi, tunani, ilimin sararin samaniya, harshe, da kiɗa. Ƙarin nau'ikan hankali suna tasiri ga hulɗar mutum da mutum. Wadannan basira galibi suna da ikon cin gashin kansu, ma'ana cewa mutum na iya yin fice a cikin wani nau'i yayin da yake yin aiki mara kyau a cikin wani. A cewar masu goyon bayan ka'idar salon ilmantarwa, hanyar da aka fi so na samun ilimi da ƙwarewa wani abu ne. Sun riƙe cewa ɗalibai tare da salon ilmantarwa na ji suna da sauƙin fahimtar laccoci da tattaunawa, yayin da masu koyo na gani ke amfana daga bayanan da aka gabatar da gani, kamar a cikin zane-zane da bidiyo. Don sauƙaƙe ingantaccen ilmantarwa, yana iya zama da fa'ida don haɗa hanyoyi daban-daban na ilmantarwa. An soki salon ilmantarwa saboda tabbacin tabbaci na amfanin ɗalibai da rashin amintaccen ƙididdigar salon ilmantarwar ɗalibai ta malamai. Halin mai koyo na iya rinjayar nasarar ilimi. Misali, halaye irin su lamiri da budewa ga gogewa, waɗanda aka gano a cikin manyan halaye biyar, suna da alaƙa da nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Sauran abubuwan tunani sun haɗa da ingancin kai, Girman kai, da ƙwarewar Metacognitive. === Harkokin zamantakewa === Abubuwan zamantakewa ba a kan halayen halayyar masu koyo ba amma a kan mahallinsu da matsayi na al'umma. Wadannan dalilai sun hada da matsayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki, [[Ƙabilar|kabilanci]], asalin al'adu, da [[jinsi]], suna jawo sha'awa mai yawa daga masu bincike saboda alaƙarsu da rashin daidaito da [[Wariya|nuna bambanci]]. Sakamakon haka, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a kokarin yin manufofi da nufin rage tasirin su. matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana rinjayar abubuwan da suka wuce kudin shiga kawai, gami da Tsaro na kudi, matsayi na zamantakewa, da halayen da suka shafi ingancin rayuwa. Rashin matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana tasiri ga nasarar ilimi a hanyoyi da yawa. Yana da alaƙa da saurin ci gaban fahimta a cikin harshe da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma ƙimar raguwa mafi girma. Iyalai masu iyakacin kudi na iya gwagwarmaya don biyan bukatun abinci mai gina jiki na yaransu, yana hana ci gaban su. Bugu da ƙari, suna iya rasa albarkatun saka hannun jari a cikin kayan ilimi kamar kayan wasa masu motsawa, littattafai, da kwamfutoci. Matsalolin kudi na iya hana halartar manyan makarantu, wanda ke haifar da yin rajista a cibiyoyin da ke cikin yankunan da ba su da tattalin arziki. Irin waɗannan makarantu galibi suna fuskantar ƙalubale kamar ƙarancin malamai da kayan ilimi marasa isasshen kayan aiki da wurare kamar ɗakunan karatu, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan ƙa'idodin koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, iyaye na iya ba da darussan sirri ga yara da ke bayan ilimi. A wasu lokuta, ana tilasta dalibai daga asalin da ba su da wadataccen tattalin arziki su bar makaranta don ba da gudummawa ga samun kudin shiga na iyali. Ƙayyadadden damar samun bayanai game da ilimi mafi girma da ƙalubale wajen tabbatarwa da biyan bashin ɗalibai sun kara tsananta halin da ake ciki. Matsayi na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yana da alaƙa da rashin lafiya na jiki da na tunani, yana ba da gudummawa ga sake zagayowar rashin daidaito na zamantakewa wanda ke ci gaba a cikin tsararraki. Tushen kabilanci yana da alaƙa da bambancin al'adu da shingen harshe, wanda zai iya haifar da ƙalubale ga ɗalibai wajen daidaitawa da yanayin makaranta da fahimtar azuzuwan. Bugu da ƙari, nuna bambanci da nuna bambanci ga 'yan tsiraru na kabilanci sun kara kara tsananta waɗannan matsalolin. Irin wannan nuna bambanci na iya shafar girman kai na ɗalibai, motsawa, da kuma samun damar samun ilimi. Misali, malamai na iya ɗaukar ra'ayoyi na al'ada, duk da cewa ba a bayyane yake nuna [[wariyar launin fata]] ba, wanda ke haifar da bambancin bambancin wasan kwaikwayon da ya danganci kabilanci na yaro. A tarihi, jinsi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ilimi yayin da ka'idojin al'umma suka nuna matsayi daban-daban ga maza da mata. Ilimi a al'ada ya fi son maza, waɗanda aka ba su aikin samar da iyali, yayin da ake sa ran mata su gudanar da gidaje da kula da yara, sau da yawa suna iyakance damar samun ilimi. Kodayake waɗannan bambance-bambance sun inganta a cikin al'ummomin zamani da yawa, bambance-mbance tsakanin jinsi sun ci gaba a ilimi. Wannan ya haɗa da nuna bambanci da ra'ayoyin da suka shafi matsayin jinsi a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi, musamman a fannoni kamar kimiyya, fasaha, injiniya, da lissafi (STEM), waɗanda galibi ana nuna su a matsayin maza. Irin wannan fahimta na iya hana daliban mata daga bin waɗannan batutuwa. A lokuta daban-daban, nuna bambanci bisa ga jinsi da abubuwan zamantakewa yana faruwa a bayyane a matsayin wani ɓangare na manufofin ilimi na hukuma, kamar ƙuntatawa mai tsanani da [[Taliban]] ta ɗora wa ilimin mata a [[Afghanistan]], da rarrabewar makaranta na baƙi da mazauna birane a cikin China a ƙarƙashin tsarin hukou. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan zamantakewa da yawa ana nuna su ta hanyar tsammanin da ke da alaƙa da ra'ayoyi. Wadannan tsammanin suna aiki a waje, wanda ya rinjayi yadda wasu ke amsawa ga mutanen da ke cikin takamaiman kungiyoyi, kuma a ciki, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar yadda mutane ke shiga ciki da kuma bin su. A wannan bangaren, waɗannan tsammanin na iya bayyana a matsayin Annabce-annabce masu cika kansu ta hanyar shafar sakamakon ilimi da suke hangowa. Irin waɗannan sakamakon na iya rinjayar ra'ayoyi masu kyau da marasa kyau.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Fasahar da sauransu === [[Fasaha|Fasahar]] tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Duk da yake fasahar ilimi galibi tana da alaƙa da na'urorin dijital na zamani kamar kwamfutoci, iyakarsa ta wuce hakan. Ya ƙunshi nau'ikan albarkatu da kayan aiki daban-daban don ilmantarwa, gami da kayan taimako na gargajiya kamar littattafai da takardun aiki, ban da na'urorin dijital. [[Fayil:OLPC_Haiti.jpg|alt=Photo of a group of children being introduced to a laptop|right|thumb|Gabatar da yara a Haiti zuwa na'urar Laptop guda ɗaya ga kowane yaro]] Fasahar ilimi na iya inganta ilmantarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, sau da yawa yana aiki a matsayin tushen tushen bayanai a cikin aji, yana bawa malamai damar rarraba lokacin su da kuzari ga wasu ayyuka kamar tsara darasi, jagorancin ɗalibai, da kimanta aikin.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> Ta hanyar gabatar da bayanai ta amfani da zane-zane, sauti, da bidiyo maimakon rubutu kawai, fasahar ilimi na iya inganta fahimta. Abubuwan hulɗa, kamar wasannin ilimi, suna ƙara sa masu koyo su shiga cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Bugu da ƙari, fasaha tana sauƙaƙa samun kayan ilimi ga masu sauraro da yawa, musamman ta hanyar albarkatun kan layi, yayin da kuma inganta haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ɗalibai da sadarwa tare da malamai. Haɗin [[Kirkirar Basira|hankali na wucin gadi]] a cikin ilimi yana da alkawari don samar da sabbin abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai da tallafawa malamai a cikin aikinsu. Koyaya, yana kuma gabatar da sabbin haɗarin da suka shafi sirrin bayanai, bayanan da ba daidai ba, da magudi. Kungiyoyi daban-daban suna ba da shawara ga damar dalibai ga fasahar ilimi, gami da shirye-shirye irin su One Laptop per Child, da African Library Project, da Pratham . Har ila yau, kayan aikin makaranta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar ilimi. Ya ƙunshi fannoni na zahiri kamar wurin makarantar, girman, da kayan aiki da kayan aiki. Yanayi mai lafiya da aminci, ɗakunan ajiya masu kyau, kayan aji masu dacewa, da kuma samun damar zuwa ɗakin karatu da kantin abinci, duk suna ba da gudummawa ga inganta nasarar ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, ingancin malamai yana da tasiri sosai ga nasarorin ɗalibai. Kwararrun malamai suna da ikon motsawa da kuma karfafa dalibai, da kuma daidaita umarni ga iyawa da bukatun mutum. Kwarewarsu ta dogara da iliminsu, horo, da kwarewar koyarwa. Wani bincike na Engin Karadağ et al. ya kammala cewa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran tasiri, abubuwan da suka shafi makarantar da malamin suna da babban tasiri akan nasarar ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Har ila yau, sa hannun iyaye yana inganta nasarori kuma yana iya kara karfin yara da sadaukarwa lokacin da suka san iyayensu suna saka hannun jari a cikin kokarin iliminsu. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da karuwar girman kai, inganta yawan halarta, da kuma halin kirki a makaranta. Haɗin iyaye yana rufe sadarwa tare da malamai da sauran ma'aikatan makaranta don wayar da kan jama'a game da batutuwan yanzu da kuma bincika yiwuwar yanke shawara. Sauran dalilai masu dacewa, a wasu lokuta ana magance su a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi, sun haɗa da al'amuran tarihi, siyasa, yawan jama'a, addini, da shari'a. == Nazarin ilimi == [[Fayil:LockeEducation1693.jpg|alt=Photo of the cover of the title page of John Locke's 1693 book "Some Thoughts Concerning Education"|right|thumb|Littafin [[John Locke]] Some Thoughts Concerning Education daga 1693 aiki ne na tushe a cikin karatun ilimi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref>]] Yankin farko da ke binciken ilimi an san shi da nazarin ilimi, wanda kuma ake kira kimiyyar ilimi. Yana neman fahimtar yadda ake watsa ilimi da kuma samun shi ta hanyar nazarin hanyoyi da nau'ikan ilimi daban-daban. Wannan horo yana zurfafawa cikin manufofi, tasiri, da muhimmancin ilimi, tare da al'adu, al'umma, gwamnati, da kuma tarihin da ke rinjayar shi. Masana ilimin ilimi suna samun fahimta daga fannoni daban-daban, gami da [[Falsafa|falsafar]], ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, tarihi, [[Siyasa]], da alakar kasa da kasa. Sakamakon haka, wasu suna jayayya cewa karatun ilimi ba shi da cikakkiyar hanyar da kuma batun da aka samu a cikin horo kamar kimiyyar lissafi ko tarihi. Nazarin ilimi yana mai da hankali kan nazarin ilimi da tunani mai mahimmanci kuma ya bambanta a wannan bangare daga shirye-shiryen horar da malamai, wanda ke nuna mahalarta yadda za su zama malamai masu inganci. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ba kawai ilimi na yau da kullun ba har ma yana bincika dukkan siffofi da bangarorin hanyoyin ilimi. Ana amfani da Hanyoyin bincike daban-daban don bincika abubuwan da suka faru na ilimi, an rarraba su cikin ƙididdiga, inganci, da hanyoyin haɗuwa. Bincike mai yawa yana nuna hanyoyin kimiyyar halitta, ta amfani da daidaitattun ma'auni na lambobi don tattara bayanai daga abubuwan lura da yawa da kuma amfani da kayan aikin kididdiga don bincike. Manufarta ita ce cimma burin da fahimta mara son kai. Sabanin haka, bincike mai inganci yawanci ya haɗa da ƙaramin samfurin kuma yana neman samun fahimta game da abubuwan da suka shafi mutum da na mutum, kamar abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta a cikin tsarin ilimi. Binciken hanyoyin da aka haɗu yana da niyyar haɗa bayanan da aka tattara daga hanyoyin biyu don cimma daidaitattun fahimta da cikakkiyar fahimta. Hanyoyin tattara bayanai sun bambanta kuma suna iya ganawa da lura kai tsaye, ƙididdigar gwaji, tambayoyi, da tambayoyin. Ayyukan bincike na iya bincika mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri ga kowane nau'in ilimi ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman aikace-aikace, neman mafita ga wasu matsaloli, ko kimanta tasirin shirye-shiryen ilimi da manufofi.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> === Yankunan da ke cikin ƙasa === Nazarin ilimi ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar ilimin koyarwa, bincike na ilimi, ilimi na kwatankwacin, da falsafar, ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, da Tarihin ilimi. Falsafar ilimi reshe ne na falsafar da aka yi amfani da ita wanda ke nazarin yawancin mahimman ra'ayoyin da ke haifar da ka'idar da aikin ilimi. Yana bincika ilimi a matsayin tsari da horo yayin da yake neman samar da cikakkun ma'anoni game da yanayin sa da bambance-bambance daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru. Bugu da ƙari, yana zurfafa cikin manufar ilimi, nau'ikansa daban-daban, da kuma tunanin malamai, ɗalibai, da alakarsu. Bugu da ƙari, ya ƙunshi ka'idojin ilimi, wanda ke nazarin tasirin ɗabi'a na ilimi, kamar ka'idodin ka'idoji da ke jagorantar shi da kuma yadda malamai ya kamata su yi amfani da su ga takamaiman yanayi. Falsafar ilimi tana da dogon tarihi kuma batun magana ne a cikin [[Falsafar Girka ta Da|Falsafar Girka ta dā]]. Kalmar "pedagogy" wani lokacin ana amfani da ita tare da karatun ilimi, amma a cikin takamaiman ma'ana, tana nufin ɓangaren da aka mayar da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa. Yana bincika yadda za'a iya cimma burin ilimi, kamar watsa ilimi ko ci gaban ƙwarewa da halaye. Pedagogy ya damu da hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen koyarwa a cikin saitunan ilimi na al'ada. Duk da yake wasu ma'anoni sun iyakance shi ga wannan mahallin, a cikin ma'ana mai zurfi, ya ƙunshi dukkan nau'ikan ilimi, gami da hanyoyin koyarwa fiye da yanayin makaranta na gargajiya. A cikin wannan mahallin mai zurfi, yana bincika yadda malamai zasu iya sauƙaƙa abubuwan ilmantarwa ga ɗalibai don haɓaka fahimta su game da batun da kuma yadda ilmantarwa kanta ke faruwa. Ilimin halayyar ilimi yana zurfafa cikin hanyoyin tunani da ke haifar da ilmantarwa, yana mai da hankali kan yadda mutane ke samun sabbin ilimi da ƙwarewa da kuma samun ci gaban mutum. Yana bincika dalilai daban-daban da ke tasiri ga sakamakon ilimi, yadda waɗannan abubuwan suka bambanta tsakanin mutane, da kuma yadda yanayi ko kulawa ke ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan sakamakon. Muhimman ka'idojin ilimin halayyar mutum da ke tsara ilimi sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da [[Constructivism (falsafar ilimi)|constructivism]]. Harkokin da suka danganci ilimin kimiyyar kwakwalwa da ilimin kwakwalwa na ilimi, wanda ke bincika hanyoyin Neuropsychological da canje-canje da ke da alaƙa da ilmantarwa. Yankin ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi ya zurfafa cikin yadda ilimi ke tsara zamantakewa, yana nazarin yadda abubuwan zamantakewa da akidar ke tasiri ga samun ilimi da nasarar mutum a ciki. Yana bincika tasirin ilimi a kan kungiyoyin al'umma daban-daban da rawar da take takawa wajen tsara asalin mutum. Musamman, ilimin zamantakewa na ilimi yana mai da hankali kan fahimtar tushen abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaito, yana ba da fahimta da ta dace da manufofin ilimi da nufin ganowa da magance abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga rashin daidaito. Abubuwa biyu da suka fi dacewa a cikin wannan fagen sune ka'idar yarjejeniya da ka'idar rikici. Masu ra'ayin yarjejeniya sun ce ilimi yana amfana da al'umma ta hanyar shirya mutane don matsayinsu na al'umma, yayin da masu ra'ayin rikice-rikice ke kallon ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki da ke aiki da masu mulki don ci gaba da rashin daidaito. Yankin tattalin arziki na ilimi yana binciken samarwa, rarrabawa, da amfani da ilimi. Yana neman inganta rabon albarkatu don inganta ilimi, kamar kimanta tasirin karuwar albashi na malami akan ingancin malami. Bugu da ƙari, yana bincika tasirin ƙananan ɗalibai da saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin fasahohin ilimi. Ta hanyar samar da fahimta game da rabon albarkatu, tattalin arzikin ilimi yana taimaka wa masu tsara manufofi wajen yanke shawara wanda ke kara fa'idodin al'umma. Bugu da ƙari, yana nazarin tasirin tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci na ilimi, gami da rawar da yake takawa wajen inganta ƙwararrun ma'aikata da haɓaka gasa ta ƙasa. Wani yanki mai alaƙa da sha'awa ya haɗa da nazarin fa'idodin tattalin arziki da rashin fa'idodi na tsarin ilimi daban-daban. [[Fayil:Education_index_UN_HDR_2007_2008.PNG|alt=World map showing the Education Index of 2007/2008|thumb|Ilimi na kwatankwacin yana amfani da kayan aiki kamar Ilimi don kwatanta tsarin ilimi a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban. Kasashe masu tsayi suna nunawa a cikin kore, yayin da ake nuna ƙasashe masu tsayin daka a cikin ja.]] Ilimi na kwatankwacin shine horo wanda ke nazarin da kuma bambanta tsarin ilimi. Kwatanta na iya faruwa daga hangen nesa ko mayar da hankali kan takamaiman dalilai kamar zamantakewa, siyasa, ko tattalin arziki. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi ga ƙasashe daban-daban, ilimin kwatankwacin yana kimanta kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance na Cibiyoyin ilimi da ayyukansu, yana kimanta sakamakon hanyoyin daban-daban. Ana iya amfani da shi don samun fahimta daga wasu ƙasashe game da manufofin ilimi masu inganci da kuma yadda za'a iya inganta tsarin mutum. Wannan aikin, wanda aka sani da aro na manufofi, yana gabatar da ƙalubale kamar yadda nasarar manufofi na iya dogara da yanayin zamantakewa da al'adu na ɗalibai da malamai. Wani batu mai alaƙa da jayayya ya shafi ko tsarin ilimi na [[Developed country|Kasashe masu tasowa]] sun fi kyau kuma ya kamata a fitar da su ga waɗanda ba su da ci gaba. Sauran mahimman batutuwa sun haɗa da ƙasashen duniya na ilimi da rawar da ilimi ke takawa wajen sauyawa daga mulkin kama karya zuwa mulkin demokraɗiyya. Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin juyin halitta na ayyukan ilimi, tsarin, da cibiyoyi. Yana bincika matakai daban-daban, abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da su da tasirin su, da kuma alakarsu.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Hoad|1993|p=142}}|{{harvnb|Vico|1999|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=FxiJufNjEmwC&pg=PT327 327]}}}}</ref> === Manufofin da akidar === [[Fayil:Propaganda_poster_in_a_primary_school_-_DPRK_(2604154887).jpg|alt=Propaganda poster in a primary school in North Korea|thumb|Hoton farfaganda a makarantar firamare a Koriya ta Arewa. Gwamnatocin mulkin mallaka akai-akai suna amfani da ilimi a matsayin kayan aiki don koyar da ɗalibai.{{Sfn|Torabian|2022}}{{Sfn|Golosov|2017}}]] Babban batu a cikin karatun ilimi yana kewaye da yadda ya kamata a ilimantar da mutane da kuma waɗanne manufofi ya kamata su jagorantar wannan tsari. An gabatar da manufofi daban-daban, gami da samun ilimi da ƙwarewa, ci gaban mutum, da haɓaka halaye. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da halaye kamar son sani, kerawa, tunani, da tunani mai mahimmanci, tare da halaye na tunani, ji, da kuma yin aiki da ɗabi'a. Masana sun bambanta kan ko fifita dabi'u masu sassaucin ra'ayi kamar [['Yanci]], cin gashin kai, da bude zuciya, ko halaye kamar biyayya ga iko, tsarkakar akida, ibada, da [[Imani|Bangaskiyar addini]]. Wasu masu ilimin ilimi suna mai da hankali kan manufa guda ɗaya na ilimi, suna kallon ƙarin takamaiman manufofi a matsayin hanyar wannan ƙarshen. A matakin mutum, wannan manufar sau da yawa ana daidaita ta da taimakawa ɗalibin wajen rayuwa mai kyau. A cikin al'umma, ilimi yana da niyyar horar da mutane a cikin membobin al'umma masu amfani. Akwai muhawara game da ko babban manufar ilimi shine don amfanin mutum mai ilimi ko al'umma gaba ɗaya. Ra'ayoyin ilimi sun haɗa da tsarin mahimman ra'ayoyin falsafa da ka'idojin da aka yi amfani da su don fassara, fahimta, da kuma tantance ayyukan ilimi da manufofi. Suna magance fannoni daban-daban fiye da manufofin ilimi, gami da batutuwan da aka koyar, tsarin ayyukan ilmantarwa, rawar malamai, hanyoyin tantance ci gaban ilimi, da kuma ƙirar tsarin ma'aikata da manufofi. Wadannan akidar sun bambanta kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da juna. Ra'ayoyin da ke tsakiyar malamai suna ba da fifiko ga rawar da malamai ke takawa wajen ba da ilimi ga ɗalibai, yayin da ra'ayoyin ɗalibai ke ba da gudummawa a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Ka'idodin da suka danganci tsari suna mai da hankali kan hanyoyin koyarwa da ilmantarwa, ya bambanta da akidar da aka samo asali, wanda ke la'akari da ilimi dangane da sakamakon da ake so. Ra'ayoyin [[Conservatism|Masu ra'ayin mazan jiya]] suna goyan bayan ayyukan gargajiya, yayin da [[Ilimi mai ci gaba|Ra'ayoyin ci gaba]] ke ba da shawara ga kirkire-kirkire da kerawa. Ƙarin rukunoni sune ɗan adam, [[Romanticism|soyayya]], muhimmancin gaske, encyclopaedism, [[pragmatism]], da kuma akidar mulkin mallaka da dimokuradiyya. === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa === Ka'idodin ilmantarwa suna ƙoƙari su bayyana hanyoyin da ke haifar da ilmantarwa. Ka'idoji masu tasiri sun haɗa da halayyar halayyar, fahimta, da constructivism. Halin halayyar ya nuna cewa ilmantarwa yana haifar da canji a cikin halayyar don mayar da martani ga abubuwan da ke cikin muhalli. Wannan yana faruwa ne ta hanyar gabatar da wani motsawa, haɗin wannan motsawa tare da amsa da ake so, da ƙarfafa wannan haɗin motsawa-amsa. Cognitivism yana kallon ilmantarwa a matsayin canji a cikin tsarin fahimta kuma yana jaddada hanyoyin tunani da ke tattare da shigarwa, dawowa, da sarrafa bayanai. Constructivism ya tabbatar da cewa ilmantarwa ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da mutum ya samu kuma yana mai da hankali kan hulɗar zamantakewa da fassarar su ta mai koyo. Wadannan ra'ayoyin suna da mahimman bayanai ga ayyukan koyarwa. Misali, masu halayyar sau da yawa suna jaddada maimaita motsa jiki, masu ilimin halayyar na iya ba da shawara ga dabarun mnemonic, kuma masu constructivists yawanci suna amfani da dabarun ilmantarwa na hadin gwiwa. Ra'ayoyi daban-daban suna nuna cewa ilmantarwa ya fi tasiri idan ya dogara da kwarewar mutum. Bugu da ƙari, yin niyyar zurfin fahimta ta hanyar haɗa sabbin bayanai zuwa ilimin da ya riga ya kasance ana ɗaukarsa mafi fa'ida fiye da haddace jerin abubuwan da ba su da alaƙa. Wani ka'idar ci gaba mai tasiri na ilmantarwa ya gabatar da shi daga masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Jean Piaget, wanda ya tsara matakai huɗu na ilmantarka ta hanyar da yara ke ci gaba a kan hanyarsu zuwa balaga: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete aiki, da kuma tsari na aiki. Wadannan matakai sun dace da matakai daban-daban na abstraction, tare da matakai na farko da ke mai da hankali kan ayyukan motsi da na motsi masu sauƙi, yayin da matakai daga baya suka haɗa da wakilci na ciki da sarrafa bayanai masu rikitarwa, kamar tunani mai ma'ana. === Hanyoyin koyarwa === Hanyar koyarwa ta shafi yadda malami ke isar da abun ciki, kamar ko ana amfani da aikin rukuni maimakon mayar da hankali ga ilmantarwa na mutum. Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na koyarwa, kuma mafi tasiri a cikin wani labari da aka ba ya dogara da dalilai kamar batun batun da shekarun mai koyo da matakin ƙwarewa. Wannan yana nunawa a cikin tsarin makaranta na zamani, wanda ke tsara ɗalibai a cikin aji daban-daban bisa ga shekaru, ƙwarewa, ƙwarewar, da yaren asali don tabbatar da ingantaccen tsarin ilmantarwa. Batutuwa daban-daban galibi suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban; alal misali, ilimin harshe akai-akai yana jaddada ilmantarwa na baki, yayin da ilimin lissafi ke mai da hankali kan tunani mai ban mamaki da alama tare da tunani mai banƙyama. Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman al'amura na hanyoyin koyarwa shine tabbatar da cewa masu koyo sun kasance masu motsawa, ko dai ta hanyar abubuwan da suka dace kamar sha'awa da son sani ko ta hanyar lada na waje.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref> Hanyar koyarwa ta haɗa da amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na koyarwa, kamar littattafai, takardun aiki, da rikodin sauti da gani, gami da aiwatar da wasu nau'ikan gwaji ko kimantawa don auna ci gaban ilmantarwa. Binciken ilimi shine tsari na yin rikodin ilimin ɗalibi da ƙwarewa, wanda zai iya faruwa a hukumance ko ba bisa ka'ida ba kuma zai iya faruwa kafin, yayin, ko bayan aikin ilmantarwa. Wani muhimmin bangare na koyarwa a cikin hanyoyin ilimi na zamani da yawa shine cewa kowane darasi yana daga cikin tsarin ilimi mai zurfi wanda ke ƙarƙashin tsarin karatun, wanda sau da yawa yakan ɗauki watanni ko shekaru da yawa. A cewar Herbartianism, koyarwa ta kasu kashi-kashi. Mataki na farko ya haɗa da shirya tunanin ɗalibin don sabon bayani. Daga baya, ana gabatar da sababbin ra'ayoyi ga mai koyo sannan a haɗa su da ra'ayoyin da suka riga sun saba da su. A cikin matakai na gaba, fahimtar sauye-sauye zuwa matakin gaba ɗaya fiye da takamaiman lokuta, kuma ana amfani da ra'ayoyin a cikin mahallin da ya dace. == Tarihi == Tarihin ilimi ya shiga cikin matakai, hanyoyin, da cibiyoyin da suka haɗu da koyarwa da ilmantarwa, da nufin bayyana hulɗarsu da tasiri a kan ayyukan ilimi a tsawon lokaci. === Tarihi na farko === Ilimi a lokacin [[prehistory]] da farko ya sauƙaƙa al'adu, yana jaddada ilimin da ke da mahimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar samar da abinci, tufafi, mafaka, da aminci. Makarantu na yau da kullun da malamai na musamman ba su nan, tare da manya a cikin al'umma suna ɗaukar matsayin koyarwa, da kuma ilmantarwa da ke faruwa ta hanyar ayyukan yau da kullun, gami da lura da [[Kwaikwayo|kwaikwayon]] dattawa. A cikin Al'ummomin baki, ba da labari ya zama hanya mai mahimmanci don watsa al'adu da addinai a cikin tsararraki. {{Efn|Research on prehistoric education often relies on studies of surviving hunting and gathering societies.<ref>{{harvnb|Johnson|Stearns|2023|p=12}}</ref>}} Tare da zuwan aikin gona a lokacin [[Neolithic Revolution|Juyin Juya Halin Neolithic]] a kusa da 9000 KZ, canjin ilimi a hankali zuwa ƙwarewa ya biyo baya, wanda ya haifar da kafa manyan al'ummomi da buƙatar ƙwarewar sana'a da fasaha. === Zamanin Dā === Farawa a cikin karni na 4 KZ kuma ya mamaye lokutan da suka biyo baya, wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin hanyoyin ilimi ya bayyana tare da zuwan rubutu a yankuna kamar [[Mesopotamia|Mesopotamiya]], tsohuwar Misira, Indus Valley, da tsohuwar China. {{Efn|There is no consensus on the precise timing of writing's invention, and various forms of [[proto-writing]] existed for much longer periods.<ref>{{multiref | {{harvnb|Kortti|2019|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Oh5HEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 6]}} | {{harvnb|Crowley|Heyer|2015|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=cl6kCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT70 70]}} }}</ref>}} Wannan ci gaba ya yi tasiri sosai ga tsarin ilimi. Rubuce-rubuce ya sauƙaƙa adanawa, adanawa da rarraba bayanai, yana gabatar da ci gaba na gaba kamar ƙirƙirar kayan taimako na ilimi kamar littattafai da kafa cibiyoyi kamar makarantu. [[Fayil:Plato's_Academy_mosaic_from_Pompeii.jpg|alt=Mosaic from Pompeii depicting Plato's Academy|thumb|Kwalejin Plato, wanda aka nuna a cikin mosaic daga Pompeii, ana daukar shi akai-akai a matsayin cibiyar farko ta ilimi mafi girma.]] Wani muhimmin bangare na ilimin gargajiya shine kafa ilimi na yau da kullun. Wannan ya zama dole yayin da wayewa ta samo asali kuma yawan ilimi ya fadada, ya wuce abin da ilimi na al'ada zai iya watsawa yadda ya kamata a cikin tsararraki. Malamai sun ɗauki matsayi na musamman don ba da ilimi, wanda ke haifar da tsarin ilimi mai mahimmanci wanda ba shi da alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya kasance mai wuya a cikin al'ummomin dā, da farko ana iya samun sa ga masu ilimi. Ya rufe fannoni kamar karatu da rubutu, adana rikodin, jagoranci, rayuwar jama'a da siyasa, addini, da ƙwarewar fasaha da ke da alaƙa da takamaiman sana'o'i. Ilimi na yau da kullun ya gabatar da sabon tsarin koyarwa wanda ya jaddada horo da motsa jiki a kan hanyoyin da ba a sani ba a baya. Abubuwa biyu da suka samu na ilimi na dā sun haɗa da kafa Kwalejin Plato a Tsohon Girka, sau da yawa ana ɗaukar su a matsayin farkon cibiyar ilimi mafi girma, da kuma kafa Babban Laburaren Alexandria a Tsohon Misira, wanda aka sani da ɗaya daga cikin manyan ɗakunan karatu na duniya.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> === Zamanin Tsakiya === [[Fayil:Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Bologna a Italiya, wacce aka kafa a 1088 AZ, ita ce jami'a mafi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki.]] Yawancin bangarorin ilimi a lokacin tsakiyar zamani sun sami rinjaye sosai daga al'adun addini. A Turai, [[Cocin katolika|Cocin Katolika]] yana da iko sosai a kan ilimi na yau da kullun. A cikin Duniyar Larabawa, saurin yaduwar Islama ya haifar da ci gaba daban-daban na ilimi a lokacin Zamanin Zinariya na Islama, haɗa ilimin gargajiya da na addini da kafa makarantun [[Makarantar Islamiyya|madrasa]]. A cikin al'ummomin Yahudawa, yeshivas sun fito ne a matsayin cibiyoyin da aka keɓe don nazarin matani na addini da Dokar Yahudawa. A kasar Sin, an kafa tsarin ilimi da jarrabawa na jihar, wanda koyarwar [[Konfushiyanci|Confucian]] ta tsara. Kamar yadda sababbin al'ummomi masu rikitarwa suka fito a yankuna kamar Afirka, Amurka, Arewacin Turai, da Japan, wasu sun karɓi ayyukan ilimi na yanzu, yayin da wasu suka haɓaka sabbin al'adu. Bugu da ƙari, wannan zamanin ya ga kafa cibiyoyin ilimi da bincike daban-daban. Shahararrun daga cikin waɗannan sune Jami'ar Bologna (jami'ar da ta fi tsufa a duniya da ke ci gaba da aiki), Jami'ar Paris, da [[Jami'ar Oxford]] a Turai. Sauran cibiyoyin da suka fi tasiri sun hada da [[Jami'ar al-Karaouine|Jami'ar Al-Qarawiyyin]] a Maroko, [[Jami'ar Al-Azhar]] a Misira, da kuma Gidan Hikima a Iraki.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Chazan|2022|pp=[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-83925-3_3 15–16]}}|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|UNESCO|2018}}}}</ref><ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|p=1}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Wani muhimmin ci gaba shi ne kafa ƙungiyoyin sana'a, ƙungiyoyin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da 'yan kasuwa waɗanda ke tsara kasuwancin su kuma suna ba da ilimin sana'a. Wadanda za su kasance mambobi sun sami matakai daban-daban na horo a kan tafiyarsu zuwa gwaninta. === Zamanin zamani === [[Fayil:Printer_in_1568-ce.png|alt=A woodcut from 1568 showing an old printing press|thumb|Samar da na'urar buga takardu ya sa a sami kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta a ko'ina kuma ya haifar da karuwa mai mahimmanci a matakan karatu da rubutu gaba ɗaya.]] Farawa a farkon zamanin zamani, ilimi a Turai a lokacin [[Renaissance]] a hankali ya fara canzawa daga tsarin addini zuwa wanda ya fi na duniya. Wannan ci gaban an haɗa shi da karuwar godiya ga muhimmancin ilimi da kuma fadada batutuwa, gami da farfado da sha'awar rubuce-rubucen adabi na dā da shirye-shiryen ilimi. An hanzarta juyawa zuwa ga secularisation a lokacin Age of Enlightenment wanda ya fara a karni na 17, wanda ya jaddada rawar da dalili da kimiyyar kwarewa ke takawa. Mulkin mallaka na Turai ya shafi ilimi a Amurka ta hanyar ayyukan mishan na Kirista. A kasar Sin, an kara fadada tsarin ilimi na jihar kuma ya mai da hankali kan koyarwar neo-Confucianism. A cikin duniyar Islama, yaduwar ilimi na yau da kullun ya karu kuma ya kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin addini.<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Peters|2009|pp=4–6}}|{{harvnb|HarperCollins staff|2023}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA4 4]}}}}</ref> Babban ci gaba a farkon zamanin zamani shine kirkirar da yaduwar na'urar buga Littattafai a tsakiyar karni na 15, wanda ke da tasiri sosai ga ilimi na gaba ɗaya. Ya rage farashin samar da littattafai, waɗanda aka rubuta da hannu a baya, kuma ta haka ne ya kara rarraba takardun da aka rubuta, gami da sababbin siffofi kamar [[Jarida|jaridu]] da litattafai. Ƙarin wadatar kafofin watsa labarai da aka rubuta yana da babban tasiri a kan yawan jama'a. Wadannan canje-canjen sun shirya hanya don ci gaban ilimin jama'a a cikin ƙarni na 18 da 19. {{Efn|For example, [[Commission of National Education|the world's first ministry of education]] was founded in 1773.<ref name="ND">{{cite book|author=Norman Davies|title=God's Playground: 1795 to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0 |url-access=registration|access-date=17 March 2013|date=28 February 2005|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-12819-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/godsplaygroundhi00norm_0/page/167 167]}}</ref><ref name="TT">{{cite book|author1=Ted Tapper|author2=David Palfreyman|title=Understanding Mass Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives On Access|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riv0UCM90AMC&pg=RA2-PA140|access-date=17 March 2013|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeFalmer|isbn=978-0-415-35491-2|page=140}}</ref>}} Wannan zamanin ya ga kafa makarantun da jama'a ke tallafawa tare da burin samar da ilimi ga kowa, ya bambanta da lokutan da suka gabata lokacin da makarantun masu zaman kansu, cibiyoyin addini, da masu koyarwa suka fara bayar da ilimi. Wani bambanci ga wannan yanayin shine wayewar Aztec, inda ilimi na yau da kullun ya zama tilas ga matasa a duk faɗin zamantakewar al'umma tun farkon karni na 14. Canje-canje masu alaƙa da juna sun kasance don yin ilimi tilas kuma kyauta ga duk yara har zuwa wani shekaru. === Zamanin zamani === Inganta ilimin jama'a da samun damar ilimi na duniya sun sami ƙarfi a cikin ƙarni na 20 da 21, wanda kungiyoyin gwamnati kamar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya suka amince da shi. Babban shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da Sanarwar Universal na 'Yancin Dan Adam, Yarjejeniyar kan' Yancin Yara, Ilimi ga Dukkanin, Manufofin Ci Gaban Millennium, da Manufofin Ci gaba mai dorewa. Wadannan kokarin sun haifar da karuwa a kowane nau'in ilimi, musamman tasirin ilimin firamare. A cikin 1970, kashi 28% na dukkan yara masu zuwa makarantar firamare a duk duniya ba su shiga makaranta ba; zuwa 2015, wannan adadi ya ragu zuwa 9% .<ref>{{multiref|{{harvnb|Marshall|2006|pp=[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42589880 33–37]}}|{{harvnb|Sewell|Newman|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=B_9OAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 3–4, 6–7, 9–10]}}|{{harvnb|Matheson|2014|pp=[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780203105450-8/education-david-matheson 1–3]}}}}</ref> Kafa ilimin jama'a ya kasance tare da gabatar da daidaitattun tsarin karatu don makarantun jama'a da kuma daidaitattun gwaje-gwaje don tantance ci gaban ɗalibai. Misalan zamani sune gwajin Ingilishi a matsayin Harshen Ƙasashen waje, wanda shine gwajin da ake amfani da shi a duniya don tantance ƙwarewar harshe a cikin masu magana da Ingilishi marasa asali, da kuma Shirin Nazarin Dalibai na Duniya, wanda ke kimanta tsarin ilimi a duk faɗin duniya bisa ga aikin ɗalibai masu shekaru 15 a karatu, lissafi, da kimiyya. Irin wannan sauye-sauye ya shafi malamai, tare da kafa cibiyoyi da ka'idoji don tsarawa da kula da horar da malamai. Fasahar ilimi mai tasowa ta yi tasiri sosai ga ilimin zamani. Samun kwamfutoci da intanet da yawa sun fadada damar samun damar samun albarkatun ilimi kuma sun sauƙaƙe sababbin nau'ikan ilmantarwa, kamar ilimin kan layi. Wannan ya zama mahimmanci musamman a lokacin annobar COVID-19 lokacin da makarantu a duk duniya suka rufe na dogon lokaci, wanda ya sa mutane da yawa su karɓi hanyoyin ilmantarwa ta nesa ta hanyar Taron bidiyo ko Darussan bidiyo da aka riga aka rubuta don ci gaba da koyarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ilimin zamani yana da tasiri ta hanyar karuwar duniya da kuma ƙasashen duniya na ayyukan ilimi. == Dubi kuma ==   == Manazarta == === Bayani === {{Notelist|30em}} === Bayani === {{Reflist|30em}} === Tushen ===   == Haɗin waje == * [https://www.oecd.org/education/ Ilimi - OECD] * [https://www.unesco.org/en/education Ilimi - UNESCO] * [https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education Ilimi - Bankin Duniya] {{Education|state=expanded}}{{Parenting|state=collapsed}}{{Social sciences}}{{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] embvkul29bgnd31l8ww0slr9m5gt7jn 0 7158 884961 873736 2026-07-19T16:24:22Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Fulani woman West Africa.jpg|thumb|tsohuwar (Nayejo) fulani ɗauke da ƙwaryar nono]] [[File:Washing 01.jpg|thumb|wata matar Fulani tare da Yaran ta sun kewaye ta, tana wanke-wanke]] [[Fayil:Fulani display.jpg|thumb|Fulani]] [[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|Rugar fulani]] [[Fayil:A Fulani girl in 1911.png|thumb|kalan shigar fulani]] [[Fayil:Fulani dancers.jpg|thumb|Rawan fulani]] [[Fayil:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een kudde runderen van de Fulani TMnr 20010695.jpg|thumb|sun dugara dakiwun shano]] [[Fayil:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret van een Fulani familie voor hun huis in de regio Ouargaye TMnr 20010032.jpg|thumb|rugan fulani]] '''Fulani''' ko '''Fulata''' (tilo: '''Bafulatani''' ko '''Bafillace''') <ref>Fula: Fulɓe, 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani or Hilani; Kanuri: Fillata; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw; Tyap: A̱fa̱taa</ref>[[Mutane]] ne da ke a Yammah Maso Arewacin [[Afrika]] tun a tsawon lokaci. Mafi shaharar sana'ar Fulani ita ce [[kiwo]]n [[dabbobi musammanma shanu ]] da kuma sayar da nono<ref>[https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 sanar kiwohttps://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0]</ref>, kuma suna tatsan [[Fura|nonon]] dabbobinsu domin <ref>Richard M. Juang (2008). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 492. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7</nowiki>.</ref>sayarwa, [[Fulani]] wasu [[mutane]] ne da ke da kyakkyawar fahimta, da zamantakewar su sukan zauna da kowace ƙabilu lafiya kuma har su ƙulla aure a tsakaninsu.<ref>Felicity Crowe (2010). Modern Muslim Societies. Marshall Cavendish. p. 262. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7614-7927-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Steven L. Danver (2015). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. pp. 31–32. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-46400-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Fulbe". homepage.univie.ac.at (in German). Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</ref> Kiɗiddiga ta nuna cewa akwai Fulani aƙalla miliyan talatin da biyar a [[Najeriya]].<ref>Clark, Andrew F. (1996). "The Fulbe of Bundu (Senegambia): From Theocracy to Secularization". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 29 (1): 1–23. doi:10.2307/221416. JSTOR 221416.</ref> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Fulani mannen en vrouwen met hun vee bij een centrale drinkplaats TMnr 20017341.jpg|thumb|Fulani da shanun su.]] [[File:Fulani Nomads.jpg|thumb|Fulani suna tashi sun ɗora yaransu a kan jaki.]] ==Harshen fulani== [[Harshen Hausa|Harshe]] ko yaren da kuma [[Fulani]] suke [[magana]] da shi sunansa [[Fulfulde]]. <ref>The homonym Fulani is also used by the Manding peoples, being the diminutive form of the word Fula in their language (with suffix -ni), essentially meaning 'little Fula'.</ref>Haka ake kiran sa a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]] da [[Nijar]] da [[Sudan]] da [[Kamaru]], amma a tushen inda suka fito, watau kamar ƙasashen [[Senegal]] da [[Mauritaniya]] da [[Gini]] da sauransu. <ref>The letter ɓ is an implosive b sound, which does not exist in English, so is replaced by b. In the orthography for languages of Guinea (pre-1985), this sound was represented by bh, so one would have written Fulbhe instead of Fulɓe.</ref>Ana kiran harshen da '''Pulaar''' ko '''Fula''.<ref>https://afrigo.org/articles/people-group-fulani/</ref> [[File:Fullani hause village area.jpg|thumb]] === ASALIN KALMAR FULANI === Da farko dai masanin ya faɗa cewar tabbataccen tarihi shi ne wanda ya zo a Alƙur'ani da Hadisai, amma duk wani abu wanda ba shi ba kan iya zamowa gurɓatacce, don haka bai doru a kan cewa wajibin duk abinda ya faɗa shi ne na gaskiya ba.<ref>Fulani: A brief walk into the origin and lifestyle of this beautiful people". Pulse Nigeria. 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2023-09-18.</ref> [[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|gidan fulani]] A cewar sa asalin sunan Fulani shi ne Tuta (Futa Toro), kuma suna cikin tsofaffin ƙabilun duniya ne. Shi sunan Futa ɗin sun samo shi ne daga kakansu/uban su da ake kira Futa, kuma shi jika ne ga Annabi Nuhu. Ta wajensa aka samar da Samudawa da Adawa, don haka faɗin Allah Ta Ala a Alkurani (IRAMA ZA TUL IMAAD) da ƙabilar su yake, domin an samu cewa an taɓa kiran su da suna Iramawa.<ref>Saeed, Asma’u G. (2017). "The Mahdiyya in Adamawa Emirate : the poem on the battle of Danki (1892) by Shaykh Hayāt b. Sa'īd". Journal for Islamic Studies. 36 (1): 61. ISSN 2957-9163.</ref><ref>"Hello Bello: How 'Bello' became Nigeria's most ecumenical name - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. 2017-08-12. Retrieved 2024-11-02.</ref> Daga bisanin saboda yawaitar su ga yaƙe-yaƙe, sai aka dinga kiransu da suna Fatah, ma'ana Jarumai. Sannu a hankali kuma aka koma ambaton su da suna Futa. Yanayin zaman su a wurare kuwa shi ne silar sauyawar sunayen su, ta yadda ake kiran wasu Futa Toro, ma'ana Futawa mazaunan Toro, da Futa Masina da Futa Jallo da Futa Falgo da sauran su A cewar masanin, shi wannan sunan na FULANI, ya samo asali ne a Yammacin Afirka, sanda suka haɗu da ƙabilar MANDINKA wajen zama, waɗanda su ma kusan Fulani ne a halaye da dabi'u. Malam Ahmad ya tafi a kan cewa Fulani ƙabilar farko ce da suka soma zaman Afirka, kuma su ne suka zo da addini Yammacin Afirka. Don haka idan Fulanin sun tara 'ya'yansu, su kan sanar musu da cewa 'Ana Hulbe (Fulbe) Allah'. Ma'ana mu masu tsoron Allah ne, kada kuyi abinda Mandinkawa abokan zamanmu suke aikatawa. Daga nan sai mandinkawa masu zuwa ganin su suka rinka kiransu da suna Fulah, kafin daga bisani sunan ya rinka sauyawa zuwa Fullata, da Fulbe. ASALIN BAFILLATANI MAHANGA TA ƊAYA Malam Ahmad ya sanar mana da cewa Bafillatani ya samu ne daga Annabi Nuhu A S. Asalin zuriyarsa kuma a yankin Ɗurisinin dake da zama. A nan ne har Annabi Musa A.S ya riske su a zamaninsa lokacin da aka saukar masa da Attaurah. A lokacin suna masu bautar shanu, don haka sai ya kira iya ƙabilar sa Bani Israila zuwa bautar Allah makaɗaici. Shi ya sa sai Bani Isra'ila suka yi kwaɗayin a sanya musu abin bauta kamar yadda Futawa suke yi, har kuma Musa Samiri ya shagaltar da su tare da sanya musu ɗan maraƙi a matsayin abin bautar Annabi Musa A .S. Sai daga baya Annabin Allah Musa ya gane lamarin, sannan ya kira shugabansu mai suna Tori ya ƙarbi addini, shi ne har aka yi bikin karɓarsa ranar Asabar a jikin dutsen durisina. Fulani na kiran bikin 'Larki'. Har kuma sukan ce "RaduTori Sinin", watau ga Inda Tori ya musulunta wajen nuni da Ɗurisinin. A wannan zamanin, sai ƙabilar Futah ta kasu. Wasu suka karɓi addinin Annabi Musa bisa biyayya da shugaban su Tori, wasu kuma suka bijere, inda suka yi Hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, daga jikinsu ƙabilun Chusi da ake kira Totsi yanzu suka fita, da sauran ƙabilun da suka mamaye yankunan. ASALIN BAFILLATANI MAHANGA TA BIYU Aka ce asalin Fulani tare da Yahudawa suke da zama. Don haka kusancin su ke sanyawa ake kiransu da sunan Yahudawa. Kuma su mayaƙa ne marasa tsoro, waɗanda ba sa rabo da makami, sannan suna matuƙar ɗaukaka ranar Asabar sama da sauran ranaku saboda tarayyar su da Yahudawa. Sannu a hankali suka famtsama yankin Afirka ta Yamma. ASALIN FULANI MAHANGA TA UKU Wannan mahangar kuma ta nuna cewa Fulani tsatso ne daga zuriyar Annabi Ayyuba A.S.. Aka ce a lokacin da ya zama dattijo yana wa'azi a gefen tekun Indiya, sai aka ba shi wata mace aure wadda ba ta son sa. Don hakan idan dare ya yi sai ta guje masa zuwa bayan daki, a can kuma sai sheɗan ya rinƙa zuwar mata yana tarawa da ita. A haka har ta samu rabon yaro namiji wanda baya magana da kowa. Aka yi magana a kan yadda ta samu wannan yaro dube da rashin tarayyar ta da maigidanta, amma Annabi Nuhu ya ce a kyale ta a matsayin matarsa, daga bisani hakan ya cigaba da faruwa har ta sake haifar yarinya mace. Don haka waɗannan mace da namijin da suka girma su ne suka fara amfani da yarensu sabo na Fulatanci. ==Tarihi== Fulani dai sunfito daga dangin yaren NIGER-CONGO == Arziki == == Wasanni == == Fannin tsarotsaro == == Kimiya da Fasaha == == Sifiri == === Sifirin Jirgin Sama === === Sifirin Jirgin Kasa === == Al'adu == === Mutane === === Abinci === Daga cikin muhimman abincin Fulani akwai [[Fura]]. === Tufafi === == Ilimi == == Addinai == === Musulunci === == Hotuna == === Maza === <gallery> File:Fulani Dress.jpg|Bafullatani da Bafillatana. File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|Yawancin Fulani makiyayan shanu ne. File:FULANI LOVE.jpg|Ma'aurata biyu, Miji da Mata a Fulani. File:Fulani man.jpg|Bafullatani da zane a fuskarsa. File:The Fulani traditional marriage requirements which is flogging of the Groom.jpg|Mazan Fulani suna yin shaɗi. File:The fulani rural settlement. Mostly called Rugan Fulani is a common type of settlement the fulani people within wesr african countries have. Houses are built with muds and roofing dome with straws or grasses.jpg|Ƙauyen Fulani, ko kuma Rigar Fulani. </gallery> === Mata === <gallery> File:Wiki fulani girl.jpg|Bahillatana da zane a fuskarta. File:Fulani Woman.jpg|Kayan Fulani File:Fulani Woman from Niger.jpg|Matan Fulani suna da gashi sosai a kan su. File:Nathaniel Ajibola Fulani Woman Nigeria.JPG|Bafullatana mai tallan nono. File:Fulani dancers from Northern Nigeria.jpg|Fulani na rawar al'ada. File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|Yawancin Fulani makiyayan shanu ne. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya]] 2r71fucva0tf55q0j5qlltwr7ijdem4 884964 884961 2026-07-19T16:28:39Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}{{hujja}} [[File:Fulani woman West Africa.jpg|thumb|tsohuwar (Nayejo) fulani ɗauke da ƙwaryar nono]] [[File:Washing 01.jpg|thumb|wata matar Fulani tare da Yaran ta sun kewaye ta, tana wanke-wanke]] [[Fayil:Fulani display.jpg|thumb|Fulani]] [[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|Rugar fulani]] [[Fayil:A Fulani girl in 1911.png|thumb|kalan shigar fulani]] [[Fayil:Fulani dancers.jpg|thumb|Rawan fulani]] [[Fayil:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een kudde runderen van de Fulani TMnr 20010695.jpg|thumb|sun dugara dakiwun shano]] [[Fayil:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret van een Fulani familie voor hun huis in de regio Ouargaye TMnr 20010032.jpg|thumb|rugan fulani]] '''Fulani''' ko '''Fulata''' (tilo: '''Bafulatani''' ko '''Bafillace''') <ref>Fula: Fulɓe, 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani or Hilani; Kanuri: Fillata; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw; Tyap: A̱fa̱taa</ref>[[Mutane]] ne da ke a Yammah Maso Arewacin [[Afrika]] tun a tsawon lokaci. Mafi shaharar sana'ar Fulani ita ce [[kiwo]]n [[dabbobi musammanma shanu ]] da kuma sayar da nono<ref>[https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0 sanar kiwohttps://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/KasarHausaKiwo.html#gsc.tab=0]</ref>, kuma suna tatsan [[Fura|nonon]] dabbobinsu domin <ref>Richard M. Juang (2008). Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History. ABC-CLIO. p. 492. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-85109-441-7</nowiki>.</ref>sayarwa, [[Fulani]] wasu [[mutane]] ne da ke da kyakkyawar fahimta, da zamantakewar su sukan zauna da kowace ƙabilu lafiya kuma har su ƙulla aure a tsakaninsu.<ref>Felicity Crowe (2010). Modern Muslim Societies. Marshall Cavendish. p. 262. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7614-7927-7</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Steven L. Danver (2015). Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. pp. 31–32. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-317-46400-6</nowiki>.</ref><ref>Fulbe". homepage.univie.ac.at (in German). Archived from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</ref> Kiɗiddiga ta nuna cewa akwai Fulani aƙalla miliyan talatin da biyar a [[Najeriya]].<ref>Clark, Andrew F. (1996). "The Fulbe of Bundu (Senegambia): From Theocracy to Secularization". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 29 (1): 1–23. doi:10.2307/221416. JSTOR 221416.</ref> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Fulani mannen en vrouwen met hun vee bij een centrale drinkplaats TMnr 20017341.jpg|thumb|Fulani da shanun su.]] [[File:Fulani Nomads.jpg|thumb|Fulani suna tashi sun ɗora yaransu a kan jaki.]] ==Harshen fulani== [[Harshen Hausa|Harshe]] ko yaren da kuma [[Fulani]] suke [[magana]] da shi sunansa [[Fulfulde]]. <ref>The homonym Fulani is also used by the Manding peoples, being the diminutive form of the word Fula in their language (with suffix -ni), essentially meaning 'little Fula'.</ref>Haka ake kiran sa a ƙasashen [[Najeriya]] da [[Nijar]] da [[Sudan]] da [[Kamaru]], amma a tushen inda suka fito, watau kamar ƙasashen [[Senegal]] da [[Mauritaniya]] da [[Gini]] da sauransu. <ref>The letter ɓ is an implosive b sound, which does not exist in English, so is replaced by b. In the orthography for languages of Guinea (pre-1985), this sound was represented by bh, so one would have written Fulbhe instead of Fulɓe.</ref>Ana kiran harshen da '''Pulaar''' ko '''Fula''.<ref>https://afrigo.org/articles/people-group-fulani/</ref> [[File:Fullani hause village area.jpg|thumb]] === ASALIN KALMAR FULANI === Da farko dai masanin ya faɗa cewar tabbataccen tarihi shi ne wanda ya zo a Alƙur'ani da Hadisai, amma duk wani abu wanda ba shi ba kan iya zamowa gurɓatacce, don haka bai doru a kan cewa wajibin duk abinda ya faɗa shi ne na gaskiya ba.<ref>Fulani: A brief walk into the origin and lifestyle of this beautiful people". Pulse Nigeria. 2022-07-06. Retrieved 2023-09-18.</ref> [[Fayil:SAN 7773 05 (Fulani Settlement).jpg|thumb|gidan fulani]] A cewar sa asalin sunan Fulani shi ne Tuta (Futa Toro), kuma suna cikin tsofaffin ƙabilun duniya ne. Shi sunan Futa ɗin sun samo shi ne daga kakansu/uban su da ake kira Futa, kuma shi jika ne ga Annabi Nuhu (A.S) Ta wajensa aka samar da Samudawa da Adawa, don haka faɗin Allah Ta Ala a Alkur'ani (IRAMA ZA TUL IMAAD) da ƙabilar su yake, domin an samu cewa an taɓa kiran su da suna Iramawa.<ref>Saeed, Asma’u G. (2017). "The Mahdiyya in Adamawa Emirate : the poem on the battle of Danki (1892) by Shaykh Hayāt b. Sa'īd". Journal for Islamic Studies. 36 (1): 61. ISSN 2957-9163.</ref><ref>"Hello Bello: How 'Bello' became Nigeria's most ecumenical name - Daily Trust". dailytrust.com. 2017-08-12. Retrieved 2024-11-02.</ref> Daga bisanin saboda yawaitar su ga yaƙe-yaƙe, sai aka dinga kiransu da suna Fatah, ma'ana Jarumai. Sannu a hankali kuma aka koma ambaton su da suna Futa. Yanayin zaman su a wurare kuwa shi ne silar sauyawar sunayen su, ta yadda ake kiran wasu Futa Toro, ma'ana Futawa mazaunan Toro, da Futa Masina da Futa Jallo da Futa Falgo da sauran su A cewar masanin, shi wannan sunan na FULANI, ya samo asali ne a Yammacin Afirka, sanda suka haɗu da ƙabilar MANDINKA wajen zama, waɗanda su ma kusan Fulani ne a halaye da dabi'u. Malam Ahmad ya tafi a kan cewa Fulani ƙabilar farko ce da suka soma zaman Afirka, kuma su ne suka zo da addini Yammacin Afirka. Don haka idan Fulanin sun tara 'ya'yansu, su kan sanar musu da cewa 'Ana Hulbe (Fulbe) Allah'. Ma'ana mu masu tsoron Allah ne, kada kuyi abinda Mandinkawa abokan zamanmu suke aikatawa. Daga nan sai mandinkawa masu zuwa ganin su suka rinka kiransu da suna Fulah, kafin daga bisani sunan ya rinka sauyawa zuwa Fullata, da Fulbe. ASALIN BAFILLATANI MAHANGA TA ƊAYA Malam Ahmad ya sanar mana da cewa Bafillatani ya samu ne daga Annabi Nuhu A S. Asalin zuriyarsa kuma a yankin Ɗurisinin dake da zama. A nan ne har Annabi Musa A.S ya riske su a zamaninsa lokacin da aka saukar masa da Attaurah. A lokacin suna masu bautar shanu, don haka sai ya kira iya ƙabilar sa Bani Israila zuwa bautar Allah makaɗaici. Shi ya sa sai Bani Isra'ila suka yi kwaɗayin a sanya musu abin bauta kamar yadda Futawa suke yi, har kuma Musa Samiri ya shagaltar da su tare da sanya musu ɗan maraƙi a matsayin abin bautar Annabi Musa A.S. Sai daga baya Annabin Allah Musa ya gane lamarin, sannan ya kira shugabansu mai suna Tori ya ƙarbi addini, shi ne har aka yi bikin karɓarsa ranar Asabar a jikin dutsen durisina. Fulani na kiran bikin 'Larki'. Har kuma sukan ce "RaduTori Sinin", watau ga Inda Tori ya musulunta wajen nuni da Ɗurisinin. A wannan zamanin, sai ƙabilar Futah ta kasu. Wasu suka karɓi addinin Annabi Musa bisa biyayya da shugaban su Tori, wasu kuma suka bijere, inda suka yi Hijira zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, daga jikinsu ƙabilun Chusi da ake kira Totsi yanzu suka fita, da sauran ƙabilun da suka mamaye yankunan. ASALIN BAFILLATANI MAHANGA TA BIYU Aka ce asalin Fulani tare da Yahudawa suke da zama. Don haka kusancin su ke sanyawa ake kiransu da sunan Yahudawa. Kuma su mayaƙa ne marasa tsoro, waɗanda ba sa rabo da makami, sannan suna matuƙar ɗaukaka ranar Asabar sama da sauran ranaku saboda tarayyar su da Yahudawa. Sannu a hankali suka famtsama yankin Afirka ta Yammah. ASALIN FULANI MAHANGA TA UKU Wannan mahangar kuma ta nuna cewa Fulani tsatso ne daga zuriyar Annabi Ayyuba A.S Aka ce a lokacin da ya zama dattijo yana wa'azi a gefen tekun Indiya, sai aka ba shi wata mace aure wadda ba ta son sa. Don hakan idan dare ya yi sai ta guje masa zuwa bayan daki, a can kuma sai sheɗan ya rinƙa zuwar mata yana tarawa da ita. A haka har ta samu rabon yaro namiji wanda baya magana da kowa. Aka yi magana a kan yadda ta samu wannan yaro dube da rashin tarayyar ta da maigidanta, amma Annabi Nuhu ya ce a kyale ta a matsayin matarsa, daga bisani hakan ya cigaba da faruwa har ta sake haifar yarinya mace. Don haka waɗannan mace da namijin da suka girma su ne suka fara amfani da yarensu sabo na Fulatanci. ==Tarihi== Fulani dai sunfito daga dangin yaren NIGER-CONGO == Arziki == == Wasanni == == Fannin tsarotsaro == == Kimiya da Fasaha == == Sifiri == === Sifirin Jirgin Sama === === Sifirin Jirgin Kasa === == Al'adu == === Mutane === === Abinci === Daga cikin muhimman abincin Fulani akwai [[Fura]]. === Tufafi === == Ilimi == == Addinai == === Musulunci === == Hotuna == === Maza === <gallery> File:Fulani Dress.jpg|Bafullatani da Bafillatana. File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|Yawancin Fulani makiyayan shanu ne. File:FULANI LOVE.jpg|Ma'aurata biyu, Miji da Mata a Fulani. File:Fulani man.jpg|Bafullatani da zane a fuskarsa. File:The Fulani traditional marriage requirements which is flogging of the Groom.jpg|Mazan Fulani suna yin shaɗi. File:The fulani rural settlement. Mostly called Rugan Fulani is a common type of settlement the fulani people within wesr african countries have. Houses are built with muds and roofing dome with straws or grasses.jpg|Ƙauyen Fulani, ko kuma Rigar Fulani. </gallery> === Mata === <gallery> File:Wiki fulani girl.jpg|Bahillatana da zane a fuskarta. File:Fulani Woman.jpg|Kayan Fulani File:Fulani Woman from Niger.jpg|Matan Fulani suna da gashi sosai a kan su. File:Nathaniel Ajibola Fulani Woman Nigeria.JPG|Bafullatana mai tallan nono. File:Fulani dancers from Northern Nigeria.jpg|Fulani na rawar al'ada. File:Fulani herdsman.jpg|Yawancin Fulani makiyayan shanu ne. </gallery> ==Manazarta== {{reflist}} [[Category:Al'ummomin Nijeriya]] m79mc0c8qnujo56zjo9grvnx1y793k4 0 11096 885205 879385 2026-07-20T11:24:28Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352050074|Maritime simulator]]" 885205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:MC_09-0173-005_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force.jpg|thumb|Ana amfani da Muhalli na Horar da Injiniyan Ruwa na Rundunar Tsaro ta New Zealand don horar da ma'aikatan jiragen ruwa na rundunar a cikin yanayin kwaikwayon da ke da alaƙa.]] [[Fayil:Ship_Handling_Simulator_at_Maritime_Warfare_Centre_(Visakhapatnam).jpg|thumb|Na'urar kwaikwayo ta sarrafa jiragen ruwa a Cibiyar Yaƙin Maritime, [[Visakhapatnam]]]] A maritime '''simulats na jirgin ruwa''' simulator tsarin ne wanda yayi kama da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]] da kuma teku mahalli don horo, bincike da sauran dalilai. A yau, horar da simulator da makarantun teku da kwalejoji suka bayar wani bangare ne na horo na asali na masu sana'a na teku. Aƙalla, na'urar kwaikwayo ta teku ta ƙunshi software wanda ke kwaikwayon halayyar jirgin ruwa da tsarinsa a cikin yanayin teku da kuma dubawa wanda ke bawa mutumin da ke amfani da na'urar kwaikwayon gadar sarrafa jirgin da kuma hulɗa tare da mahallinta. Idan akwai abin da ake kira cikakken manufa bridge simulators, wannan dubawa ya kunshi ainihin mock-up na jirgin ruwa da kuma sarrafa consoles, da allo ko projectors samar da har zuwa 360-digiri virtual view of the ship's surroundings kama da flight simulators in the aviation industry. Ba tare da hangen nesa na ainihi ba, ana iya amfani da software na kwaikwayon don kwaikwayon "lokaci mai sauri" inda ake sarrafa tasoshin ta hanyar autopilot. Bugu da kari, akwai simulators na teku misali don ECDIS, dakin injiniya, da ayyukan sarrafa kaya, da kuma ayyukan bakin teku kamar Vessel Traffic Service (VTS). Wasannin kwaikwayon teku kamar Ship Simulator da Virtual Sailor suma suna samuwa ga masu amfani da gida. == Dubi kuma == * Simulation * Jirgin Ruwa na Ruwa * Wasan kwaikwayo na mota == Bayanan da aka ambata == r10f01l5pw666axyhyqxg51btxb0eve 885206 885205 2026-07-20T11:25:11Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:MC_09-0173-005_-_Flickr_-_NZ_Defence_Force.jpg|thumb|Ana amfani da Muhalli na Horar da Injiniyan Ruwa na Rundunar Tsaro ta New Zealand don horar da ma'aikatan jiragen ruwa na rundunar a cikin yanayin kwaikwayon da ke da alaƙa.]] [[Fayil:Ship_Handling_Simulator_at_Maritime_Warfare_Centre_(Visakhapatnam).jpg|thumb|Na'urar kwaikwayo ta sarrafa jiragen ruwa a Cibiyar Yaƙin Maritime, [[Visakhapatnam]]]] A maritime '''simulats na jirgin ruwa''' simulator tsarin ne wanda yayi kama da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]] da kuma teku mahalli don horo, bincike da sauran dalilai. A yau, horar da simulator da makarantun teku da kwalejoji suka bayar wani bangare ne na horo na asali na masu sana'a na teku. Aƙalla, na'urar kwaikwayo ta teku ta ƙunshi software wanda ke kwaikwayon halayyar jirgin ruwa da tsarinsa a cikin yanayin teku da kuma dubawa wanda ke bawa mutumin da ke amfani da na'urar kwaikwayon gadar sarrafa jirgin da kuma hulɗa tare da mahallinta. Idan akwai abin da ake kira cikakken manufa bridge simulators, wannan dubawa ya kunshi ainihin mock-up na jirgin ruwa da kuma sarrafa consoles, da allo ko projectors samar da har zuwa 360-digiri virtual view of the ship's surroundings kama da flight simulators in the aviation industry. Ba tare da hangen nesa na ainihi ba, ana iya amfani da software na kwaikwayon don kwaikwayon "lokaci mai sauri" inda ake sarrafa tasoshin ta hanyar autopilot. Bugu da kari, akwai simulators na teku misali don ECDIS, dakin injiniya, da ayyukan sarrafa kaya, da kuma ayyukan bakin teku kamar Vessel Traffic Service (VTS). Wasannin kwaikwayon teku kamar Ship Simulator da Virtual Sailor suma suna samuwa ga masu amfani da gida. == Dubi kuma == * Simulation * Jirgin Ruwa na Ruwa * Wasan kwaikwayo na mota == Bayanan da aka ambata == gn4g1wwuoxj0h1fpkdyy0ni4sgxesqt 0 13145 885083 873687 2026-07-20T08:47:09Z ~2026-40812-87 47131 885083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mukala mai kyau}}{{Databox}} [[Fayil:Rahama Sadau.png|thumb|'''Rahama Sadau''']] '''Rahama Sadau''' (An haife ta ne a ranar 7 ga watan Disamban (1993). Ta kasance jaruma ce a masana'antar [[Kannywood]] da kuma [[Nollywood]] a [[Najeriya]]. Rahama Sadau ta kasance mai shirya fina-finai na kashin kanta a kannywood har ma da Nollywood . Ta kasance ƴar rawa a lokacin da take yarinya har zuwa girman ta. Ta yi suna ne a ƙarshen shekara ta dubu biyu da sha uku (2013) bayan ta shiga masana'antar fim ta [[Kannywood]] a fim ''ɗinta na'' farko mai suna ''Gani ga wane .<ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/149318-kannywood-wont-return-dancing-rahama-sadau.html</ref><ref name="auditions.ng">http://au uditions.ng/archives/actor/rahama-sadau{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhLisuUQrDY</ref>ub<ref>http://hausafilms.tv/actress/rahma_sadau</ref>'' tana fitowa a fina finai na [[Nollywood]] da dama Rahama Sadau ta kasance jaruma ta farko da kusan tafi kowace jaruma fitowa a fina finan Najeriya da hausa wato kannywood da Nollywood. Ba a iya Najeriya Rahama take aikin fina finai ba, tana yi a India Wanda take da Yaren Hindu a bollywood. Kuma an tabbatar da tana daya daga cikin yan Najeriya da suka iya magana kuma suka kware a yaren [[Yaren hindi|hindi]]. Itace jarumar data yi nasara a kyautar Kannywood a gasar City People Entertainment Awards acikin shekarar 2014 da kuma cikin sheksra ta 2015.<ref> Premium Times Nigeria. "Kannywood: Rahama Sadau, Adam Zango, others win at City People awards 2015 – Premium Times Nigeria". Mohammed Lere. Retrieved 18 August 2015.</ref><ref>AllAfrica.com. "Nigeria: Most Influential Northern Entertainers". AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 5 September 2015.</ref> == Labarin Rayuwa == Rahama ta girma a cikin garin [[Kaduna (birni)|Kaduna]]. Wato an haifeta ne acikin garin Kaduna ta rayu a garin na Kaduna kafin daga baya ta shiga harkar fim. == Aure == Rahama sadau tayi aure ranar 09 ga watan Augustan shekara ta 2025. Bata nuna mijin na ta ba, amma ta dora videon auren acikin shafinta na instagram. == Ilimi == Rahama Sadau ta yi karatu a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta Kuɗi da ke gabashin Bahar Rum a Arewacin [[Cyprus|Cyprus.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ww1.emu.edu.tr/en/news/news/famous-nigerian-actress-rahama-sadau-chooses-emu/1206/pid/2469|title=Famous Nigerian Actress Rahama Sadau Chooses EMU|website=Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU), Cyprus|language=en|access-date=16 February 2018}}</ref> == Sana'ar Fim == Rahama ta fito a cikin fina-finan [[Najeriya]] da yawa a cikin [[Hausa]] dana [[turanci]] kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin yan wasan kwaikwayon [[Najeriya]] da suka iya harshen Hindu sosai. Rahma Sadau ita ce ta lashe Kyautar City People Entertainment Awards a shekarar 2014 da 2015. Ta kuma sami kyautar mafi kyawun ''<nowiki/>'yar'' wasan fim ta nahiyar [[Afirka]] a bikin bayar da lambar yabo ta [[Afirka]] na goma sha tara (19) wanda aka yi a shekara ta 2015 ta hanyar muryar [[Afirka]]. A shekara ta 2017, ta zama shahararriyar 'yar fim ta [[Hausa]] da ta fara fitowa a jerin manyan malewararrun Mata 10 da suka yi fice a kasar [[Najeriya]]. A cikin dukkan ayyukanta, Rahama Sadau ta kasance mai wasan kwaikwayo mai yawan gaske, tana bayyana a duka fina-finai da kuma bidiyoyi. A shekarar dubu biyu da ashirin (2020) kungiyar shirya fina finai na [[Kannywood]] sunso dakatar da Rahama Sadau daga shirin fim sakamakon wani ɗan rashin jituwa da aka samu saboda wani hoton data sanya a shafinta na [[instagram]].<ref>https://m.guardian.ng/opinion/rahma-sadaus-dismissal-by-moppan-is-unfair/</ref><ref>https://nigerianfinder.com/rahama-sadau-biography-age-movies-family-career/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/rahama-sadau-graduates-from-university-in-cyprus.html |access-date=2020-03-12 |archive-date=2019-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190311110827/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/rahama-sadau-graduates-from-university-in-cyprus.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.legit.ng/1141411-kannywood-actress-rahama-sadau-biography.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/rahama-sadau-apologises-to-moppan/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008200247/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/rahama-sadau-apologises-to-moppan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/538883911647535295/?d=t&mt=signup</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/19/rahama-sadau-ban-nigeria-religious-divides-rap-video-i-love-you-classiq</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/10/ban-immoral-rahama-sadau-highlights-northsouth-split/</ref> a yanzu haka ta fara fito wa a fina finan indiya. == Rayuwa da Aiki == Rahama Ibrahim Sadau an haife ta ne a [[Kaduna (jiha)|jihar Kaduna,]] arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] wacce ita ce asalin [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|babban birnin]] tarayyar [[Najeriya]], wanda shi ne tsohon [[Arewacin Najeriya|yankin Arewa ta Arewa]]. Rahama ɗiya ce ga Alhaji Ibrahim Sadau. Ta girma tare da iyayenta a [[Kaduna (jiha)|Kaduna]] da kuma 'yan uwanta mata guda uku(3). Sadau ta shiga masana'antar fim ɗin [[Kannywood|Kannywood ne]] a cikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha uku (2013). Ta taka rawar gani sosai kafin ta samu ɗaukaka daga rawar da ta taka a ''Gani ga Wane'' tare da babban jarumin [[Kannywood]] [[Ali Nuhu]]. A shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha shida (2016) an karɓe ta a matsayin waccan shekarun ”Fuskar [[Kannywood]]. A cikin watan Oktoba na shekarar 2016, Rahama Sadau ta fito a cikin jerin fina-finai a gidan talabijin na EbonyLife. Acikin shekara ta dubu biyu da goma sha bakwai (2017), ta ƙirƙiro da kamfanin samar da fina-finai mai suna ''Sadau Hotunan yadda'' ta fito da fim din ta na farko, ''Rariya'' tauraruwar [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Sani Musa Danja]], [[Sadiq Sani Sadiq]] da [[Fati Washa]]. Ta dawo ta fara wasa don koyar da malamin malamin a MTV Shuga.<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/11/if-i-am-president-hits-cinemas/</ref><ref>https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/294592-joke-silva-bimbo-manuel-rahama-sadau-star-in-new-movie.html</ref><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/05/kanayo-o-kanayo-hilda-dokubo-banky-w-rahama-sadau-tboss-star-north-b-t-s-photos/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/life/film/banky-w-adesua-kanayo-o-kanayo-hilda-dokubo-others-in-up-north/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2022-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609131327/https://guardian.ng/life/film/banky-w-adesua-kanayo-o-kanayo-hilda-dokubo-others-in-up-north/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/rahama-sadau-stars-ebonylife-tvs-sons-caliphate-2/#:~:text=Sons%20of%20the%20Caliphate%20stars,stylish%2C%20elegant%20and%20yet%20traditional.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://onobello.com/mo-abudu-rahama-sadau-patrick-doyle-more-attend-media-screening-of-sons-of-the-caliphate/ |access-date=2021-02-28 |archive-date=2021-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720224112/https://onobello.com/mo-abudu-rahama-sadau-patrick-doyle-more-attend-media-screening-of-sons-of-the-caliphate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://newswirengr.com/2022/02/19/rahama-sadau-early-life-education-and-career/</ref> A cikin shekarar 2024 mai girma shugaban kasa ya saka rahama sadau a matsayin mukamin IDICE commetee member . <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200"> |Rahama Sadau daga hagu </gallery> == Kyaututtuka == Kyaututtukan da Rahama Sadau ta karba sun hada da: {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Shekara ! Kyauta ! Nau'i ! Fim ! Sakamakon |- ! scope="row" | 2014 | Mafi kyawun actress (Kannywood) | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗar City | ''[[Kannywood]]'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2015 | Mafi kyawun actress (Kannywood) | Kyaututtukan Nishaɗar City | ''[[Kannywood]]'' | {{won}} |- ! scope="row" | 2017 | Mafi kyawun actress na Afirka | Muryar Afirka | ''[[Kannywood]]'' | {{won}} |- |} == Fina finai == {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Ka bude wanna madangwalin domin ganin fina finan ta ! Fim ! Shekara |- | Zero Sa'a | 2019 |- | Sama Arewa | 2018 |- | Aljannar Duniya | N / A |- | Adamu | 2017 |- | Ba Tabbas | 2017 |- | MTV Shuga Naija | 2017 |- | Rariya | 2017 |- | TATU | 2017 |- | Rumana | 2017 |- | 'Ya'yan Khalifanci | 2016 |- | Sauran Bangare | 2016 |- | Kasa Ta | 2015 |- | Wutar Gaba | 2015 |- | Sallamar Don haka | 2015 |- | Wata Tafiya | 2015 |- | Halacci | 2015 |- | Gidan Farko | 2015 |- | Ana Wata ga Wata | 2015 |- | Alkalin Kauye | 2015 |- | Jinin Jiki Na | 2014 |- | Hujja | 2014 |- | Garbati | 2014 |- | Kaddara Ko Fansa | 2014 |- | Kisan Gilla | 2014 |- | Mati da Lado | 2014 |- | Sabuwar Sangaya | 2014 |- | Sirrin Da Ke Raina | 2014 |- | Don haka Aljannar Duniya | 2014 |- | Suma Mata Ne | 2014 |- | Farin Dare | 2013 |- | Gani Ga Wane | 2013 |- | Da Kai Zan Gana | 2013 |- | Mai Farin Jini | 2013 |- |Matar Aure |2022 |} == Hotuna == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="180"> File:Rahama_Sadau_in_MTV_Shuga_Naija.png|Rahama a MTV Shuga File:Rahama Sadau during filming (cropped).jpg File:Rahama Sadau.png </gallery> == Duba nan == * [[Kannywood]] *[[Hafsat Idris]] *[[Hadiza Aliyu]] *[[Fati Washa]] *[[Halima Atete]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist|3}} [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Yan Kaduna]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Ƴan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan wasan kwaikwayo]] [[Category:Mata ƴan fim]] [[Category:Mata daga Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Mutane daga Jihar Kaduna]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] 8ev7sopaeoru3kpu6tfqmn4yo1st6ci 3 14131 885022 871972 2026-07-19T20:47:21Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Kindly submit your Organizer Feedback for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 */ sabon sashe 885022 wikitext text/x-wiki </noinclude> [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Yusuf Sa&#39;adu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|gudummuwarka]]. Kuma ina fatan zaka tsaya ka ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimake ka ka fahimci Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]], ko kuma ka tambayeni a {{Gyara|User talk:M-Mustapha|section=new|shafina na tattaunawa}}. Na gode. <span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> ^{<samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp>} 17:23, 3 ga Yuli, 2020 (UTC) </noinclude> Nagode Haji Anas yanzun abinda nake so a ƙaramin ilimi akai Shine yadda ake samo Manazarta ==Yadda ake sanya databox== Assalamu alaikum ɗan'uwa Mal [[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf]] mai tarin albarka ina fatan kana lafiya ya ƙoƙari. Gaskiya ina jin daɗin yadda kake ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar maƙaloli sosai kuma haka akeso. Sai dai inaso in tunatar dakai yadda ake sanya '''databox''' bayan ka ƙirƙirar sabon shafi maimakon kofo infobox wanda zai baka wahal. Don sanya databox bayan ka gama fassara maƙala sai kayi amfani da wannan template ɗin {{}} sai ka sanya databox a tsakanin su, zaka yishi a chan saman maƙalar. Shikenan zai kawo bayanai akan wannan maƙalar. Allah yayi mana jagora ina maka fatan alkhairi ɗan'uwa [[User:Salihu Aliyu|S Ahmad Fulani]] 09:47, 3 ga Faburairu, 2022 (UTC) ==Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos na Hausa Community== '''Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos na Hausa Community''' gasa ce ta duk shekara wanda editoci a Wikipedia daga [[m:Hausa Wikimedians User Group|Hausa Community User Group]] ke sanya hotuna a mukalolin da basu da ko keda karancin hoto articles. Wannan dan a inganta da karfafa amfani ne da dubannin hotunan da ake samu ne daga gasa daban-daban na hotuna da ake gudanarwa duk shekara, wanda Wikimedia community ke shiryawa a Wikipedia. hoto na inganta fahimtar mai karatu, da bayyana bayani, da sanya mukaloli suyi kyau. Gasar Kuma zata ba sabbin editoci da tsoffi damar inganta kwarewa, dan shiga samun kwarewa tuntube mu anan [[Special:Emailuser/M-Mustapha|Emel]]. <br /> <span style="background:#ffbd4a;color:yellow;padding:5px;"><!--T:24-->[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos for Hausa Community|Danna nan dan shiga gasa da Karin bayani.]]</span>.<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp>Em</samp>[[User:M-Mustapha|-]]</span><span style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #804; color: #5b2;"><samp>mustapha</samp></span> ^{<samp>[[user talk:M-Mustapha|t@lk]]</samp>} 17:23, 3 ga Yuli, 2020 (UTC) == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:50, 25 Satumba 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == Inganta Mukaloli a Hausa Wikipedia == Assalamu alaikum, Suna na Anasskoko daya cikin [[wikipedia:Admin|Admin]] masu kula da al'amuran [[Hausa Wikipedia]], naga kokarin ka sosai akan mukalolin daka ke ta kirkira, wanda hakan abune mai kyau, kuma ina maraba da hakan, amman wata hanzari ba gudu ba, wasu daga cikin mukalolin ka basu da [[wikipedia:Tutorial|Reference/Manazarta]] koda ko kwara daya ne, wanda hakan tsaiko ne ga Hausa Wikipedia sanna tsaiko ne a gareka domin cin gasar da kake fafatawa a ciki, shawara ! ka ringa samar da reference/Mmanazarta a kowanne mukala da ka kirkira domin Hausa Wikipedia tayi kyau, kaima ka samu daman lashe cin zakaran gasar Wikipedia@20. Ka sani rashin samar da reference na haifar da matsaloli masu yawa ga Hausa Wikipedia da kuma kai karan kanka a matsayinka na dan wasan gasar Wikipedia@20, Ina so in karfafa maka gwiya domin ka gyara mukalolinka domin lashe gasar da kake wasa ciki, domin kuma ci gaban Hausa Wikipedia. Samar da reference abune mai sauki, kawai kaje yanar gizo ka samo su, ko kuma daga littattafai, idan hakan ya maka wahala to akwai wata hanya mai sauki, ka bude tab/shafin browsing biyu a wayar ka ko Kwamputar ka , tab na farko ka bude shafin mukalar a English Wikipedia, tab na biyu kuma ka bude shafin a Hausa Wikipedia, sai ka ringa copying link address din English Wikipedia kana generating din shi a shafin Hausa Wikipedia ta hanyar '''Cite''' dake sama a lokacin '''Editing''', ka tabbatar da cewa ko wacce link adress ta zauna a mazauninta. Idan kuma kana bukatan karin bayani kamin magana a shafina na tatt,unawa [[User talk:Anasskoko]] domin taimako ko kuma karin bayani, ina maka fatan alheri a Hausa Wikipedia da kuma gasar Wikipedia@20, Nagode! daga naka.-- [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(Yi Magana)</sup>]] 14:23, 11 ga Maris, 2021 (UTC) ==Gasar Hausa Wikipedia== '''Assalamu alaikum''' @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]]''',''' Ina mai sanar da kai cewa za'a sanar da sakamakon gasa gobe idan Allah ya kaimu, ka duba wannan shafin domin ganin sakamakon gasa, sannan kyaututtuka za'a bayar dasu ne lokaci kadan bayan sanarwan. [[WP:Gasar Hausa Wikipedia ta Shekara-shekara]], Nagode.-- [[User:Anasskoko|<b style="color:#00BFFF">An@ss_koko</b>]][[User talk:Anasskoko|<sup style="color:#7F007F">(Yi Magana)</sup>]] 11:12, 23 ga Yuni, 2021 (UTC) == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Yusuf Sa'adu}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. Please vote [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|here]] Regards, [[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:07, 15 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) == Jawo Hankali == Assalamu Alaikum Mal. [[user:Yusuf Sa'adu]] da fatan kana lafiya. Muna mai godiya da gudummawa da kake ba da wa kyauta a Hausa Wikipedia. Sai dai ina so in ɗan jawo hankalinka kan wani abu. Naga kana ta shiga shafuka kana ɗan taɓa gyararraki wanda hakan yana da kyau. Amma sai dai wasu shafukan idan ka shiga kana fita ka barsu da gyararraki da yakamata ace anyi sai kuma ka sake buɗe wani shima ka ɗan taɓa ka sake fita ka shiga wani. Tabbas hakan ba laifi bane amma inaga zai fi idan ka tsaya ka gyara article guda ɗaya kacal ya zama cikakken article kuma mai ma'ana. Da fatan ka gane abunda nike nufi kuma zaka cigaba da bada gudummawarka. Bissalam.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 19:45, 4 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) :W,aslm masha Allah ina godiya, kasan kasancewar mutum dan'adam to ba kowane gyara bane ya zama dole na iya gani, kokarin inganta makalolin Hausa Wikipedia yasa nafi bada karfi a yanzun wajen gyara makaloli, nagode da tunasarwar ka kuma insha Allah zan cigaba da kokarin ganin yin amfani da shawarar ka. [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 19:57, 4 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) ::Madallah, haka ake so (mu samar da mukalai ingantattu a wannan shafin). Allah ya bamu sa'a duka.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 20:05, 4 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) == Neman Data Support == Barka Yusuf Sa'adu, muna maraba da karɓar bukatun ku akoda yaushe amma ba'a fara karɓar bukatun masu neman data support ba ayanzu. Ana kan gina shafukan ne, da zarar an kammala za'a sanar da kowa. Mungode [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] ^{<samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp>} 22:07, 17 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) :Tom Masha Allah, Allah ya taimaka [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 22:11, 17 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) == Mukala: Ƴancin yowon shakatawa == Aslm @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]], ina maka barka da sallah, Allah maimaita mana. Naga ka kirkiri wannan mukala [[Ƴancin yowon shakatawa]] kuma ga dukkan alamu akwai kuskure ko dai a suna mukalar ko kuma bayanan cikinta, sannan bata ma'ana a dalilin ba'a iya gane ainihin me ta kunsa. Nayi kokarin riskar ainihin mukalar a turanci don inganta ta amma babu mahada kuma nayi bincike don gano suna shafin - shin Ƴancin yowon shakatawa shine "Freedom of Movement" ko kuma "Freedom of Tourism"? <nowiki>~~~</nowiki> [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:31, 24 ga Afirilu, 2023 (UTC) == Sako == W,aslm Nagode Nima ina maka Barka da Sallah, insha Allah zanyi ƙoƙari na sake duba maƙalar domin na gyara ta [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 12:21, 24 ga Afirilu, 2023 (UTC) == Saka manazarta a mukalar "Matsalolin muhalli a United Kingdom" == @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]], Malam yusuf barka da warhaka, naga kaine ka kirkiri mukalar [[Matsalolin muhalli a United Kingdom]], amma baka saka mata madogara/manazarta ba, yakamata mu ringa kokarin hakan saboda inganta ayyukanmu. Nagode.[[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 15:49, 18 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC) :Yawwa barkan mu dai, muna akan ƙoƙarin sanyawa, kuma kaima idan ka sanya to allhmdllh duk cikin aikin inganta maƙala ne [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 20:02, 18 ga Yuli, 2023 (UTC) == share shafi == hello bro, share [https://ha.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raditya_Adi wannan shafi] saboda mai amfani da spam na duniya ne ya ƙirƙira shi. Na gode. [[User:Willnothappen|Willnothappen]] ([[User talk:Willnothappen|talk]]) 21:36, 19 Oktoba 2023 (UTC) == murnar cin nasara a gasa == @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]]..Barka da aiki, inason yin amfani da wannan damar domin nayi maka murna akan cin gasar WPWP A mataki na biyu.Ina maka fatan alkhaeri [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 11:47, 21 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) :@[[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]]. Ina godiya sosai, Allah ya bar zumunci, nagode sosai. [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 12:56, 21 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) ::@[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]]...u are welcome [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 10:38, 22 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) == Reverted == Barka @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]], naga kana reverted na editing nawu ina so ka sani ka daina reverted na editing da kaga nayi, idan har kuskure nayi ai zaka iya gyarawa. A ka'idar reverted ma sai idan fake wani abu aka saka ma maƙala misali bayanan da ba gaskiya ba sannan an yi editings da yawa ana zuba bayanan karya sannan ake reverted. Ko undo ba karamin dalili ke sakawa ana yi ba. Ina so kasani ba wanda baya kuskure koma idan har na saka abinda bai dace ba mi Yakamata kayi ?!. Sannan daman ina so in maka magana ba haka nan kawai ake yawan goge makaloli ba kusan duk wanda ma kake gogewa idan kai baka iya gyara su ai kana iya saka masu alamar gyarawa (Stub). Kaje Wikipedia ta Turanci makala ko ta karya ce ana iya wata biyu ana mahawara kafin a kaiga gogeta. Amman kai kana yawan goge makalolin da ko a gaba ana iya gyara su. Sannan kusan maƙalar da ake iya gogewa nan take shine idan duka maƙalar da Turanci akayi ko bayanai ƙarara na karya etc da wasu manyan misalai irin haka. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 05:42, 6 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Sannan == Sannan articles da kaga na saka musu <nowiki>{{Stub}} ko {{hujja}}</nowiki> ai akwai dalili koma ko wane yare da ake Rubuta makala akwai (masu alamar stub) birjik na Engish Wikipedia ma sunfi gaba-daya na adadin maƙalar da muke da su. Wasu iya layi daya biyu ne kuma akwai bayanan maƙalar a asalin inda aka fassaro makalar, Amman ba'a ida ba. Ya kamata ka fahimta ina yin abu da sani ba kara zube ni ke abu ba. Ina bin ka'idoji iyakar iyawa ta. Ko ban san dalilin wane nayin wani abu ba to ni Tambaya Ni ke sbd tambaya ai Mabudin ilimi ce. Sannan dukkan inda kaga nayi wani kuskure Ni ina so ka sanar da ni ni inje in gyara idan mai kai ba zaka iya gyarawa ba. Ba Ni da wani niyya illa tsabtace wannan project gami da kai shi matakin da ya dace. Ni dalibi ne amman idan yanayin Jami'a ya saka bazan iya bayar da gudummawa da rana ba na kan iya sadaukar da bacci wani lokaci don inyi aikin sakan nan. Amman kazo ba hujja kana maida man hannu agogo baya. ! Gsky banji dadin abinda kayi mani ba musamman da kawai ka yanke shawarar yin hakan kuma ni ba saɓa dokar Hausa Wikipedia ko gidauniyar Wikipedia nayi ba !!!. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 05:59, 6 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) :Ina maka fatan alkairi, galibin maƙalolin da yanzun muke sharewa ni da wasu admin basu da hujja ko manazarta ne, domin bai kamata azo Hausa Wikipedia ba ana ƙirƙirar maƙala kara zube babu wata hujja, yana da kyau mu bi ƙa'idojin ƙirƙirar maƙala, wasu articles ɗin sun ɗaɗe da sanya masu alamun za'a goge su saboda rashin hujjoji sannan galibin maƙalolin guntaye ne, kuma ainihin fassarar ma ba'ayi ta akan ƙa'ida ba, wannan yana daga cikin abubuwan da suka sanya aka raina Hausa Wikipedia ake editing yadda akaga dama, idan har ba zamu ɗauki mataki ba mu admin miye amfanin mu, sannan ni wlh bana da wata niyya ko wata manufa a gare ka, illa inayi ne domin tsaftace Hausa Wikipedia, amman ya kamata dai musani bai kamata kowane tarkace mu rinƙa barin shi a Hausa Wikipedia ba saboda a yanzun bunƙasarta kullum ƙaruwa take. [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 07:48, 6 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Hujja/Dalili == @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]] To amman ka faɗa mani '''hujjar''' ka ko '''dalilin''' ka na yin reverted ga Editing da ni ke yi ?!!!. Ka faɗa man '''laifin''' da nayi ga Hausa Wikipedia ko gidauniyar Wikipidia da kake reverted na editing da nayi ? wane laifi na aikata ?. Kuma idan articles guntaye ne idan baka iya inganta ta komai daren dadewa wani zaizo ya inganta. Kuma ai har Gasa ake sakawa game da inganta makaloli da basu da bayanai sosai !!!. Kaje ka bi tarihin kowane articles ka gani da section ɗaya ko biyu ya fara, daga baya ne ana editing akai da sabunta shi yakai matakin da yake. Ba wai kawai don suna gajera ba arika goge su bayan suna da bayanai daga inda aka fara fassara su kuma anyi linking dinsu da WIKIDATA. Ka duba tarihi/ history article na NAJERIYA kagani da section nawa ta fara kafin ta kai matsayin doguwar makala. !!! Kuma kace baka da wata manufa akaina to Miyasa kayi reverted baka faɗi dalilin ko laifin da ya saka kayi reverted ba ?!. Gsky bazai yiwu in fitar da lokaci mai tsada bayan na gama lectures ban bibiyi abinda aka koya man wanda ban iya ba na iya tukun sai da na hana kaina bacci nazo na fara aikin sa kai kuma ban saɓa wata doka ba, sannan da tsakar rana kazo kana rusa man aiki. Ka tambayi [[User:Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]] ko [[User:Ammarpad|Ammarpad]] Idan har aiki na yana kan layin da ya saɓa da ka'idoji ko dokokin Wikipidia kaji !. Kuma <nowiki>{{Stub}}, {{delete}}, ko {{hujja}}</nowiki> etc duka akwai muhimmanci su a Wikipedia baki-ɗaya idan basu da amfani to Bama za'ayi su ba. Kuma idan Wikipedia na bunƙasa ba bisa ka'ida ba ko fassara ana yinta ba bisa ka'ida ba mi Yakamata kayi ? ka gyara ta ko kayi gargadi ga mai yi don ya daina kum ya ingantata ko gyara ta ? Kuma yana da kyau abu ka'idojin ƙirƙirar makala wace makala na kirkira ba bisa ka'ida ba ka nuna mani ita ?!!. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 15:42, 6 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) :Gaba ɗaya cikin articles din da na goge babu naka wanda ka ƙirƙira ko ɗaya sai dai wanda kayi edit a kai. Kuma nima ƙuduri na inganta Wikipedia ne, kuma kana da duk wani right irin haka idan kaga nayi wani abun da ba dai-dai ba to kai ma sai kayi abinda ya dace kawai. Amman ni bana da wata manufa akan ka. [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 20:45, 6 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Dalili == Wai Miyasa ka cigaba da reverted na editing da mike yi ?!! Na tambaye ka dalili kaki bani amsa ?. @[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]], ko shi dalilin baka iya fadar shi ???!. @[[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]], @[[User:Em-mustapha|Em-mustapha]] don Allah ko shigo domin bani so in dau mataki da kaina. Yace baya da manufa akaina. Amman kuma yana bata man aiki bayan aiki na baici karo da ka'idoji ko saba dokokin Hausa Wikipedia ba. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 05:53, 7 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Yusuf Sa'adu|Yusuf Sa'adu]]......malam yusuf yakamata kazo kayi bayanin dalilin dayasa kake reverting edits dinshi, yakamata mu zama masu kokarin yin gyara akowane lokaci ba masu batawa ba. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 06:59, 7 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) :Gaskiya nayi mamakin yadda kake tunanin ina da wata manufa akan ka, kuma na faɗa maka ni banga wata articles daka ƙirƙira ba dana share, kuma na faɗa maka duk wata articles dana share to an daɗe tagged din su za'a iya share su saboda ba inganci rubutu ko ba manazarta, sannan articles din dana share wanda kake ta zargina akan ina da wata manufa akan ka ni hankalina baima kai ga duba kai ne ka ƙirƙiri articles ɗin ba, a ganina bai kamata mu cigaba da barin articles din da babu kyaun rubutu kuma babu manazarta kuma an daɗe da tagged din su za'a share, tunda ba'a samu masu gyara su ba, to idan aka goge su wata ƙila a iya samun wasu editocin su sake sabuwar fassara kuma su sanya masu manazarta, kuma Rollback articles na wasu articles din ka duba 1 zuwa biyu da nayi tabbas wannan nayi shi ne akan kuskure, ban lura ba sai daga baya, kuma hakan ba sake share articles din ka nayi ba, amman inasan kasan bana da wata manufa akan ka babban gurina a inganta maƙalolin Hausa Wikipedia [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 08:08, 7 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Spam == [[‎PRXDUM]] Spam [[Special:Contributions/203.115.91.245|203.115.91.245]] 12:00, 9 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Organising Feminism and Folklore == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | 350px | right]] Hello Community Organizers, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: *First Prize: $15 USD *Second Prize: $10 USD *Best Jury Article: $5 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 50 organizers and Jury members for who request for it. Remember, only 50 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 50 registrations, and the deadline is March 15, 2024. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnytyact-HR6DvsWwnrVeWuzMfuNH1dSjpF24m6od-f3LzZQ/viewform here]. Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $30 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for office hours on '''Saturday, March 2, 2024'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2024_Office_Hour_2 meta page]. Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Rockpeterson [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:56, 29 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf2024golbal&oldid=26304232 --> :Ok thanks [[User:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu|Yusuf Sa&#39;adu]] ([[User talk:Yusuf Sa&#39;adu#top|talk]]) 06:59, 29 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Tunatarwa don jefa kuri'a yanzu don zaɓar membobin U4C na farko == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|Kuna iya samun wannan sakon da aka fassara zuwa ƙarin harsuna akan Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Ya ku 'yan Wikimedia, Kuna karɓar wannan saƙo saboda a baya kun shiga cikin tsarin UCoC. Wannan tunatarwa ce cewa lokacin jefa ƙuri'a na Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) yana ƙare ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2024. Karanta bayanin akan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Shafin jefa ƙuri'a akan Meta-wiki]] don ƙarin koyo game da zaɓe da cancantar masu jefa ƙuri'a. Kwamitin Daidaitawa da Gamayyar Tsarin Gudanarwa (U4C) ƙungiya ce ta duniya da aka keɓe don samar da daidaito da daidaiton aiwatar da UCoC. An gayyaci membobin al'umma don gabatar da aikace-aikacen su na U4C. Don ƙarin bayani da alhakin U4C, da fatan [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|sake duba Tsarin Dokan ta U4C]]. Da fatan za a raba wannan sakon tare da membobin al'ummar ku don su ma su shiga ciki. A madadin Kungiyar Ayyukan UCoC,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 23:11, 2 Mayu 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024/Previous_voters_list_2&oldid=26721207 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:23, 26 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Musulunci da Dan Adam == kayi tagging dinshi akan zaa iya gogewa amma akwai shi a english wikipedia . [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 22:01, 23 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) [[User:Manaf205]] Dan akwai maƙala a English Wikipedia ba shi ke nuna dole a barta a Hausa Wikipedia ba, ka duba yadda ka rubuta maƙalar ko yadda kayi fassarar ta da kyau[[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 22:06, 23 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :ok zan gyara nagode [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 22:10, 23 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == a ina aka sabunta shi == ina ne nayi kuskure ka fada min se na kyara [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 08:45, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == rashin manazarta == ka duba na kyara shi [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 08:51, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) [[User:Manaf205]] ka duba yadda ka ƙirƙiri wannan makalar ta dace, maƙalar kusan ba zakace ga ainihin ma'anar ta ba, kuma idan kaga an sanya maƙala za'a iya gogewa ba hakan yana nufin angoge ta ba, wani editan zai iya gyarata tunda an nuna tana da buƙatar a gyarata, daga ƙarshe, inasan kasan kowace Gasa tana da ƙa'idojin ta sannan samar da maƙala mai ma'ana yana daga cikin ƙa'idojin gasa, dan haka a matsayina na ɗaya daga cikin wannan gasar da kakeyi banaso kayi aikin da sai baya kace ba'a maka adalci ba shiyasa tun yanzun nake nosar da kai da ka gyara [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 09:14, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :ok na fahimta. kasan yadda yake na turancin haka na fassara idan yayi rashin ma'ana toh daga na turancin ne [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 19:43, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :nagode da gyaran da kake min, idan ma nayi wata shirye naki na amsa gyaran idan ka min. nagode [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 19:52, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello, Mahuta. Can you translate and upload the article about the Turkish actor [[:en:Haluk Bilginer]] in Hausa Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|talk]]) 21:14, 16 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) :Hello, Kurcke :No problem I can translate. [[User:Mahuta|Mahuta]] ([[User talk:Mahuta|talk]]) 05:10, 17 ga Janairu, 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 journey! == Dear Organizer, On behalf of the Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team, I want to send a massive thank you for your leadership and hard work during the 2026 campaign. Organizing local events, coordinating juries, and tracking metrics takes a lot of effort, and your dedication has been vital to bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic heritage and traditions. As we wrap up this year's campaign, we would love to hear how things went in your community. We have put together the Organizer Feedback Form to capture your successes, challenges, and metrics. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 Thank you again for championing this campaign. We couldn't do this without you. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:12, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Organizers&oldid=30750499 --> == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Kindly submit your Organizer Feedback for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Organizer, Hope you are doing well and keeping safe. We are reaching out to express our heartfelt gratitude for your relentless efforts and dedication in organizing Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 in your local community. Organizing campaigns takes a lot of hard work, and your leadership has truly made a wonderful impact in bridging the knowledge gap regarding Islamic history and culture. As we are wrapping up this year’s activities, we kindly remind you to share your local campaign report and experience with us. If you haven't done so already, please take a few minutes to fill out the Organizer Feedback Form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfDsuYSv2S4RCQuwAO9MlykJwgPIy-l9ENTr7I_GxpfVuo2TA/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 Your feedback is incredibly valuable to us. It will not only help us prepare our global impact report but also guide us in securing better resources and funding for organizers like you in the upcoming years. (You will also find a small section inside the form to provide your local language translations for the 2027 campaign banners!). Thank you so much for being a pillar of this campaign. Together, we can make the 2027 edition even more successful! Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:47, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Organizers&oldid=30750499 --> 11snlj0ykqibz5oetqq1pz8yhyos5bw 0 15210 884992 833909 2026-07-19T17:29:24Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Francisca Ordega.jpg|thumb|hoton yar kwallo francicca]] [[Fayil:Francisca Ordega.jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordega]] [[Fayil:Regroupement des Nigérianes.jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordega suna hade]] [[Fayil:Christine Nairn (43020154101).jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordegatn bin balla]] '''Francisca "Franny" Ordega''' (An haife ta a ranar 19 ga watan Oktobar shekara ta alif 1993) ita ƙwararriyar 'yar wasan ƙwallon [[Kwallan Kwando|ƙafa ce ta ƙasar]] [[Nijeriya]] tana bugawa kungiyar kwallon kafa na ''Shanghai'' ''Shenhua'', kuma tana buga gasar ƙwallon [[Kwallan Kwando|ƙafa ta]] Mata a ƙasar [[China]]. Tana wakiltar ƙungiyar ƙwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa (Super Falcons) a duka Kofin Duniya na Mata da na Mata na Afirka . An kuma zabe ta itace fitacciyar 'yar kwallon kafa na Afirka <ref name="awc">{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2014/10/03/5150576/oparanozie-ordega-eye-2014-african-women-championship-trophy|title=Oparanozie, Ordega eye 2014 African Women Championship trophy|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/people/nigeria/55062/francisca-ordega/national|title=Francisca Ordega|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/francisca-ordega/150694/|title=Ordega on Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group|work=Soccerway|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref><ref name="spiritprofile">{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/francisca-ordega/|title=Profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> == Kariyan ta na wasanni == === Kulab === ==== Bayelsa Queens ==== Ordega ta fara aikin ta ne a matakin matasa na kungiyar Bayelsa Queens, kafin daga baya ta samu daukaka zuwa bangaren kwararru a shekarar 2008 inda ta taka leda a gasar mata ta Najeriya .<ref name="spiritprofile2">{{cite web|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/francisca-ordega/|title=Profile|publisher=[[Washington Spirit]]|access-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> ==== Rivers Angels ==== A shekarar 2011, ta koma kungiyar Rivers Angels, daya daga cikin manyan kungiyoyi a Gasar Mata ta kasar Najeriyar .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/ordega-parts-ways-with-rossiyanka/|title=Ordega parts ways with Rossiyanka|website=thenationonlineeng.net|author=Owerri Tunde Liadi|date=13 November 2012|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ==== WFC Rossiyanka ==== A shekarar 2012, Ordega ta bar [[Nijeriya|Najeriya]] don sanya hannu tare da zakarun Rasha Rossiyanka na Gasar Kwallon Kafa ta Mata ta Rasha .A cikin watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2012, an sanar da cewa Ordega da Rossiyanka sun raba hanya. ==== Piteå IF ==== A cikin shekarar 2013, Ordega ta sanya hannu don Piteå IF a cikin [[Sweden|Yaren mutanen Sweden]] Damallsvenskan .Ta zira kwallayenta na farko ne a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu na shekarar 2013 a kokarin zane a kan Vittsjö GIK .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.futaa.com/article/59713/ordega-opens-goal-account-in-sweden|title=Ordega opens goal account in Sweden|website=futaa.com|author=Israel Samuel|date=27 March 2013|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=25 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125015145/http://www.futaa.com/article/59713/ordega-opens-goal-account-in-sweden|url-status=dead}}</ref>Tsakanin shekarar 2013 da shekara ta 2015, ta yi wasanni 34 kuma ta ci kwallaye 4 a lokacin da take kasar Sweden.<ref name="SignsWash">{{cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2015/03/27/ordega-delighted-to-join-washington-spirit/|title=Ordega delighted to join Washington Spirit|website=independent.ng|author=Ifreke Inyang|date=26 March 2015|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ==== Matsayin ta a Washington ==== Daga nan Ordega ta tsallaka arewacin Tekun Atlantika kuma ya sanya hannu tare da Washington Spirit a cikin Kungiyar Kwallan Mata ta Kasa .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigeria/2012/09/03/3352083/falconets-francisca-ordega-signs-for-swedish-club-jitex-bk|title=Falconets' Francisca Ordega signs for Swedish club Jitex BK – report|work=Goal.com|access-date=9 October 2014}}</ref> A farkon kaka tare da Ruhu, Ordega ta ci kwallaye uku kuma ta taimaka aka zura kwallaye biyu. Ta dawo cikin shekara ta 2016 don zira kwallaye biyu a lokacin wasanni na yau da kullun. Burin da aka fi mantawa da shi na Ruhun Najeriyar ya zo ne a gasar zakarun na NWSL lokacin da ta zira kwallaye a karin lokaci don tura Ruhun zuwa Gasar farko ta NWSL. A watan Yulin shekarar 2017, Ordgea ya ji rauni a gwiwa wanda zai iyakance mintocin ta na sauran lokacin .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackandredunited.com/washington-spirit-womens-soccer/2017/7/13/15969404/washington-spirit-francisca-ordega-nwsl-cali-farquharson|title=Washington Spirit lose Francisca Ordega to knee injury|publisher=Black and Red United|author=Jason Anderson|date=13 July 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Duk da raunin, har ilayau zata samu damar buga wasanni 14 sannan ta zira kwallaye 4. ===== Lon ga Sydney FC ===== A watan Disamba na shekarar 2016, [[Sydney]] FC ta rattaba hannu kan Ordega a matsayin aro daga Washington don ragowar lokacin shekarar 2016 da shekara ta 2017 W-League <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackandredunited.com/2016/12/22/14052978/francisca-ordega-washington-spirit-sydney-fc|title=Washington Spirit striker Francisca Ordega joins Sydney FC on loan|publisher=Black and Red United|author=Jason Anderson|date=22 December 2016|access-date=23 January 2018|archive-date=24 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124135854/https://www.blackandredunited.com/2016/12/22/14052978/francisca-ordega-washington-spirit-sydney-fc|url-status=dead}}</ref>.Lamarin ya sanya ta zama 'yar Afirka ta farko da ta fara wasa a kungiyar W-League ta Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnfc.com/australian-a-league/story/3025354/sydney-fc-bring-nigerian-star-francisca-ordega-to-w-league|title=Sydney FC bring Nigerian star Francisca Ordega to W-League|work=[[ESPN FC]]|date=22 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nwslsoccer.com/washington-spirit-loans-forward-francisca-ordega-to-sydney-fc|title=Washington Spirit loans forward Francisca Ordega to Sydney FC|publisher=[[National Women's Soccer League|NWSL]]|date=22 December 2016|access-date=5 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305201104/http://nwslsoccer.com/washington-spirit-loans-forward-francisca-ordega-to-sydney-fc|archive-date=5 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ordega zata buga wasanni shida sannan yaci kwallaye sau daya yana taimakawa Sydney samun matsayi na 3 a gasar . ===== Lon zuwa Atlético Madrid ===== A ranar 20 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 2017, Ordega ta koma kulob din [[Ispaniya|Spain]] na Atlético Madrid a matsayin aro na wata shida daga Washing ton.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino/francisca-ordega-ficha-por-atletico-madrid-femenino-6367462|title=Francisca Ordega ficha por el Atlético de Madrid femenino|trans-title=Francisca Ordega signed for Atlético Madrid women|language=es|newspaper=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/francisca-ordega-joins-atletico-madrid-on-loan-from/axwjce85zaxj15jf105ntv6wy|title=Francisca Ordega joins Atletico Madrid on loan from Washington Spirit|website=goal.com|author=Samuel Ahmadu|date=20 October 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>Ta fara wasan farko ne a ranar 1 ga watan Nuwamba a shekara ta 2017 a kan Barcelona .<ref>{{cite news|url=http://washingtonspirit.com/pro/francisca-ordega-makes-debut-with-spanish-league-debut-with-atletico-madrid/|title=Francisca Ordega makes debut with Spanish league side Atletico Madrid|publisher=Washington Spirit|date=1 November 2017|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> ===== Komawa Shanghai WFC ===== Ordega ta kulla yarjejeniyar shekara daya zuwa [[Shanghai]] WFC<ref>{{cite web|last1=Admin|title=Super Falcons star Francisca Ordega joins Chinese side Shanghai WFC|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-star-francisca-ordega-joins-chinese-side-shanghai-wfc-from-washington/t9ggs00|website=Pulse|access-date=2 March 2019}}</ref> === Levante UD === A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2021, Ordega ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da [[Levante UD Femenino|Levante UD]] wanda zata ci gaba har zuwa shekara ta 2023, a yunƙurin haɓaka burinsu na neman cancantar [[2021–22 UEFA Champions League na Mata|ƙwallon ƙafa ta Zakarun Turai]] a karon farko a tarihin su.<ref>{{Cite web|title=El Levante UD Femenino firma a la delantera Francisca Ordega hasta 2023|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-femenino-firma-a-la-delantera-francisca-ordega-hasta-2023|access-date=2021-05-01|website=LevanteUD|language=es}}</ref> [[Fayil:Jubilation de but du Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Francisca Ordega suna wasa]] == Kariyan ta na duniya == Ordega ta wakilci kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta kasa a duk matakai. Tare da 'yan kasa na shekaru 17, ta buga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA FIFA U-17 na shekarar 2010 tare da' yan kasa na shekaru 20 a shekarar 2012 FIFA U-20 Kofin Duniya na Mata . A matakin koli ta taka leda a gasar FIFA ta Kofin Duniya na mata na shekarar 2011 da shekara ta 2015 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=301727/|title=FIFA player stats|publisher=[[FIFA]]|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=3 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703085331/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=301727/|url-status=dead}}</ref>A karshen ta bude asusun ta na gasar cin kofin duniya ta hanyar jefa kwallayen Najeriya a ragar Sweden a ranar 8 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2015 a [[Winnipeg|Winnipeg, Manitoba]], Kanada. Wasan bugun ƙarewa ya ƙare 3-3 a wasan buɗewa na rukunin D.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/o-upset-sweden/|title=The O's upset Sweden in pulsating 3 all thriller|work=Women's Soccer United|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422153911/https://www.womenssoccerunited.com/o-upset-sweden/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ta kuma kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan Najeriya a Gasar Mata ta Afirka ta shekarar 2010 da kuma shekara ta 2014, inda ta lashe gasar duka. A cikin shekara ta 2018, ta kuma kasance memba na 'yan wasan Najeriya da suka lashe gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta shekarar 2018 a Ghana, Gasar da ta ci kwallaye biyu da ci biyu kuma ta lashe kyautar mata a wasan karshe da Afirka ta hudu. <ref>Adeboye Amosu (1 December 2018) "Ordega Named Woman Of The Match In Nigeria Win Vs South Africa" , " Complete Sports Nigeria "</ref> === Kwallayan ta === ''Sakamakon farko da sakamako ya lissafa yawan kwallayen Najeriya'' {| class="wikitable" !A'a ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Kishiya ! Ci ! Sakamakon ! Gasa |- |<div class="center"> 1</div> | 1 Nuwamba 2010 | Filin wasa na Sinaba, Daveyton, [[Afirka ta Kudu]] | Mali |<div class="center"> '''5''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 5-0</div> | Gasar Mata ta Afirka a 2010 |- |<div class="center"> 2</div> | 17 Oktoba 2014 | Filin wasa na Sam Nujoma, [[Windhoek]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] | Namibia |<div class="center"> '''2''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 2–0</div> | Gasar Mata ta Afirka a 2014 |- |<div class="center"> 3</div> | 8 Yuni 2015 | Filin wasa na [[Winnipeg]], [[Winnipeg]], [[Kanada]] | Sweden |<div class="center"> '''3''' –3</div> |<div class="center"> 3–3</div> | Kofin Duniya na Mata na 2015 FIFA |- |<div class="center"> 4</div> | 20 Nuwamba 2016 | Stade Municipal de Limbe, Limbe, [[Kamaru]] | Mali |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 6-0</div> | Kofin Kasashen Afirka na Mata na 2016 |- |<div class="center"> 5</div> | 21 Nuwamba 2018 | rowspan="2" | Filin Wasannin Cape Coast, Cape Coast, [[Ghana]] | Zambiya |<div class="center"> '''2''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 4-0</div> | rowspan="2" | Kofin Kasashen Afirka na Mata na 2018 |- |<div class="center"> 6</div> | 24 Nuwamba 2018 | Equatorial Guinea |<div class="center"> '''1''' –0</div> |<div class="center"> 6-0</div> |} == Daraja da lamban girma == ; Kogin Mala'iku * Kofin Matan Najeriya (1): 2012 ; Atlético Madrid * Primera División (1): 2017-18 === Na duniya === ; Najeriya * Gasar Mata ta Afirka (4): 2010, 2014, 2016, 2018 . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * Francisca Ordega * Francisca Ordega * Francisca Ordega (2013) * Francisca Ordega (2014) * [http://washingtonspirit.com/persons/francisca-ordega/ Bayani] a Ruhun Washington * Francisca Ordega {{DEFAULTSORT:Ordega, Francisca}} [[Category:Mata]] [[Category:Mata yan kwallon kafa]] [[Category:Mata yan Najeriya]] [[Category:Yan kwallan kafa]] [[Category:Mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1993]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1dbit4t6v679tzy31we49rasx54x74u 3 16527 885035 871985 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885035 wikitext text/x-wiki == Sannu da ƙoƙari == Assalamu Alaikum sunana [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]], daya daga cikin editoci a [[WP:Hausa Wikipedia]], Idan kina/kana buƙatan karin bayani ku min magana [[User_talk:Abubakar A Gwanki| a nan]], domin samun PDF, Video tutorials akan yanda ake gyara [[Hausa Wikipedia]], ko kuma ku min magana a adireshi na na i-mail kamar haka [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EmailUser/Abubakar A Gwanki|gwankia6@yahoo.com], Nagode. '''Wasu daga cikin abubuwan da zasu taimaka maka/miki a [[Hausa Wikipedia]]''' </noinclude> [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hamza DK! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hamza DK|gudummuwarka]]. Kuma ina fatan zaka tsaya ka ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimake ka ka fahimci Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. [[User:Abubakar A Gwanki|Abubakar A Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Abubakar A Gwanki|talk]]) 06:17, 19 Disamba 2020 (UTC) == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Hamza DK}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. Please vote [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|here]] Regards, [[User:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:27, 15 ga Maris, 2022 (UTC) == Mukala:Baiko == Hi [[user:Hamza DK|Hamza]], da fatan kana lafiya. Muna godiya da gudummawa da ka bada na samar da sabuwar mukala akan [[Baiko]] a kasar Hausa. Sai dai wannan mukala tayi gajerta kuma akwai muhimman sassa da babu acikinta. Da fatan zaka kara fadada ta kuma a sanya mata hujjoji wato references [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 06:26, 11 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) Malam hamza dk ina farin cikin taya ka murna akan bayananka ga mai girma abdulkarim abdulsalam [a a zaura]. Amma abin tambaya anan shine shin ko kasan waye [ A A zaura kuwa? == Za ka iya samun damar kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ina tuntubar ku ne saboda kun riga kun kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen da suka shafi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Kwamitin Kula da Ɗabi'a na Duniya (U4C)]]. Kuna iya cancantar kaɗa ƙuri'a a zaɓen U4C na yanzu, wanda aka buɗe yanzu kuma zai ƙare a ranar 2 ga Yuni 2026. Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da 'yan takara da zaɓen a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|shafin zaɓe akan Meta]], kuma daga nan za ku iya samun damar jefa ƙuri'ar da kanta. Shiga cikin waɗannan zaɓen yana da mahimmanci ga shugabancin al'ummomin Wikimedia, kuma lokacin da kuka ɓata kuna koyo game da 'yan takara da kuma kaɗa ƙuri'a ana yaba muku. -- Tare da haɗin gwiwar U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:20, 20 Mayu 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569831 --> == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> mmh178m5ffozj53ig472eg3mgsvjh42 0 17391 884871 832857 2026-07-19T12:32:08Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Labarin */ 884871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa da sunan [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwa kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] obsqnifjpku106q6o0bqvlnik654m39 884879 884871 2026-07-19T12:34:20Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Labarin */ 884879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagdaza|Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwa kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] tjg55ahknhj7rzfx5wz05xysoel8uj6 884890 884879 2026-07-19T12:38:55Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Labarin */ 884890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwa kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 773sfiudhq3r5w9nm1rivpwtgp8puvy 884896 884890 2026-07-19T12:41:06Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Labarin */ 884896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 0lt7xfhgudksc362dd2u90ulvnxrvkt 884900 884896 2026-07-19T12:43:06Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 2hhiv0k0oxuk1muwcteooq1bxg5nadh 884906 884900 2026-07-19T12:45:53Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] fuvihtrpt6vzsppebo7v5k00tpxvyvb 884907 884906 2026-07-19T12:49:09Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa da ta bashi ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙerarin suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 8bsktm22ubvg7chov3q2lfu6wxtj8sd 884908 884907 2026-07-19T12:55:52Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa da ta bashi ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙeran suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gaba, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 8vhhzs7l6h0i2bca39zl1gvsola7ch3 884909 884908 2026-07-19T13:01:34Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa da ta bashi ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙeran suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gabanta, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] ng5xa6uv3h2wo9t9wp4hcr6no4x926b 884910 884909 2026-07-19T13:04:54Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa da ta bashi ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙeran suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yau yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gabanta, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin macijin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 5m1d0h29oieqrtedzi7qhbr8p5oz892 884929 884910 2026-07-19T14:17:17Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa da ta bashi ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙeran suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan maciji a gabanta, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin macijin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] mvfpladris2vsk60h8bkz478jcolfld 884930 884929 2026-07-19T14:21:45Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji */ 884930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rijiyar Kusugu''' tsohuwar rijiya ce wacce take a garin [[Daura]] Jihar Katsina, [[Nijeriya]]. Rijiyar ta shahara saboda nasabarta da labarin jarumi [[Bayajidda]] mutumin da ya kashe macijiya. Rijiyar da kuma '''wuƙar Bayajidda''' da ake tsammani yanzu ta zama wurin jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido. [[File:Kusugu Well 3.jpg|thumb|Cikin rijiyar Kusugu]] [[File: Kusugu Well Gate.jpg|thumb|Ginin Rijiyar Kusugu]] == Labarin == Dangane da tatsuniyoyin [[Hausawa|Hausa,]] al'ummomin [[Hausawa]] suna zaune a cikin [[Sudan ta Tsakiya]] (yawancin [[Arewacin Nijeriya]] ta yanzu da wasu yankuna na [[Nijar]]) sama da shekaru 2000. Garin [[Daura]] yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan garuruwan [[hausa]] na wancan lokacin. Tana da sarakuna a matsayin shugaban gwamnati waɗanda ke kula da al'amuran mutane. A zamanin Sarauniya [[Daurama]], babbar hanyar samun ruwa ga Daura ita ce rijiyar Kusugu. Amma ana barin mutane su ɗebi ruwa ne kawai a ranar Juma'a saboda wata baƙuwar macijiya da ke zaune a cikin rijiyar. A haka mutane suka kasance suna ɗibar ruwa a iya ranakun juma'a kawai har zuwa lokacin da wani mutum ya zo wanda aka haƙiƙance ɗan sarkin [[Bagadaza]] ne. Bayajidda (Abu Yazid) ya zo Daura kuma ba ya iya samun kursiyin bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa. Jarumin Yarima bayan ya sauka a gidan wata tsohuwa mai suna [[Ayyana]], sai ya nemi a ba shi ruwa, amma ba a ba shi abin da ya ishe shi ba. Sannan ya nemi a nuna masa rijiyar domin diban ruwa. An yi masa gargaɗi game da baƙon maciji. Ya tafi bakin rijiyar kuma daga karshe ya kashe macijin bayan fada. Sarauniya ta aure shi kuma ya zama Sarki. Saboda baya iya magana da [[hausa]] a da, sai mutane suka fara kiransa da [[Bayajidda]], ma'ana, ''baya fahimta a da''. Yana da 'ya'ya bakwai waɗanda suka yi mulki a [[kasar Hausa]] guda bakwai wadanda ake kira '''Hausa Bakwai'''. Rijiyar Kusugu itace inda aka kashe katon macijin Sarki tare da wani wanda Bayajida yayi a karni na 10 saboda macijin zai baiwa mutanen Daura damar debo ruwan kawai daga rijiyar sau daya kawai a mako, galibi Juma'a. ==Isowar Bayajidda a garin Daura da yankan maciji == Bayajidda ya bar matarsa da 'yar sa a Garun Gabas kuma ya ci gaba da zuwa ƙauyen [[Gaya]] da ke kusa da [[Kano#Tarihin Kano|Kano]] - wanda wasu ke ganin [[Gaya (Nijar)|Gaya ce]] a [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar ta]] zamani -, inda ya sa maƙerin wurin suka sanya shi yayi masa wuƙa. Daga nan ya zo garin [[Daura]] (wanda ke cikin [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina ta yanzu]] ), inda ya shiga wani gida ya nemi wata tsohuwa da ta bashi ruwa. <ref name="Iowa">{{cite web|url=http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |title=Hausa |publisher=[[University of Iowa]] |accessdate=2006-12-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106163339/http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html |archivedate= 6 January 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ta sanar dashi cewa maciji mai suna Sarki ( ''sarki'' shine kalmar [[Harshen Hausa|hausa]] a [[Sarki|turance]] ) yana tsare rijiyar kuma ana barin mutane su debi ruwa sau daya kawai a sati. Bayajidda ya nufi rijiyar ya kashe macijin da takobi ya sare kansa da wuƙar da maƙeran suka yi masa, bayan ya sha ruwan, ya sa kansa a cikin jaka, ya koma gidan tsohuwar. (Rijiyar da aka ce wannan ya faru a zamanin yawon shakatawa ne.)<ref name="lange">{{cite web | url = http://dierklange.com/pdf/fulltexts/hausa/08_Sources-Bayajidda-legend.pdf | title = Oral version of the Bayajida legend | accessdate = 2006-12-21 | author = Dierk Lange | work = Ancient Kingdoms of West Africa}}</ref><ref name="ngex">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|title=Katsina State|publisher=NGEX, LLC|accessdate=2007-01-20|work=ngex.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217041346/http://www.ngex.com/nigeria/places/states/katsina.htm|archivedate=17 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> Washegari, mutanen Daura suka taru a bakin rijiyar, suna mamakin wanda ya kashe macijin; Magajiya [[Daurama]], sarauniyar yankin ta ba da ikon mallakar rabin garin ga duk wanda zai tabbatar da cewa ya kashe macijin. Maza da yawa sun kawo kawunan macizai dayawa a gabanta, amma kawunan bai dace da jikin macijin ba. Tsohuwar, mai gidan Bayajidda da ke zaune ta sanar da sarauniyar cewa bakonta ya kashe shi, bayan haka kuma Daurama ya kirawo Bayajidda. Bayan ya gabatar da kan macijin, ya tabbatar mata da cewa shi ne ya kashe Sarki, sai ya yi watsi da tayin rabin garin maimakon ya nemi aurenta; ta [[aure]] shi ne saboda godiyar kashe macijin.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hallam|first=W. K. R.|date=1966|title=The Bayajida Legend in Hausa Folklore|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=7|issue=1|pages=47–60|doi=10.1017/s002185370000606x|issn=0021-8537}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Katsina (jiha)]] [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Tarihin Hausawa]] 86av6s50x6b69amm15ubkac53e9jn1n 0 17754 885167 874979 2026-07-20T10:52:24Z Maiakwai4u 37986 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355886802|Falalu A Dorayi]]" 885167 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Falalu Abubakar Dorayi''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Falalu A. Dorayi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977) shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], furodusa, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan fim. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=23 January 2015 |title=Why Falalu Dorayi is one of most sought-after Kannywood directors {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/175489-falalu-dorayi-one-sought-kannywood-directors.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=27 August 2017 |title=KANNYWOOD INTERVIEW: Returning to the Cinemas, movie makers now smile to bank – Falalu Dorayi {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/241649-kannywood-interview-returning-cinemas-movie-makers-now-smile-bank-falalu-dorayi.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Times News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == An haifi Dorayi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 1977 a Dorayi, [[Gwale (Kano)|Gwale]], [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ga Alhaji Abubakar wani dan kasuwa a Kano. Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Kano. Ya sami difloma a cikin Sadarwar Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] kuma ya sami difloma ta kwararru a Fim & Talabijin a [[Jami'ar Yusuf Maitama Sule|Jami'ar Maitama Sule, Kano]] a cikin 2017. Dorayi ta kuma halarci shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a [[Indiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=9 October 2014 |title=20 Kannywood actors and producers attend film training course in India {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/169275-20-kannywood-actors-and-producers-attend-film-training-course-in-india.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dorayi ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar fina-finai a shekarar 1997, tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta gida lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare Dorayi ya shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]], fim din biyu na farko da ya jagoranta ya dauki shi kuma mai gabatar da fim din ya yi ikirarin cewa ya ba kansa lambar yabo ta darektan. Ya sami wata dama ta darektan tare da Sarauniya Films inda ya jagoranci fim din da ake kira ''Kwangiri'', sannan ''Uwargida'' da ''Majalisa'' suka biyo baya. Dorayi ya zama sananne bayan ya jagoranci ''Basaja'' (2013), inda ya fito da ƙungiyar da ta hada da [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango]], da [[Hadiza Aliyu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basaja [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/film/basaja |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara kuma an zabi shi a 2014 City People Entertainment Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards – Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Dorayi ta samar da ''Gwaska'' (wanda [[Adam A Zango]] ya jagoranta), sannan daga baya ''Komawar Gwaska'' a cikin 2017. A cikin 2019, Dorayi ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito da wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke kewaye da "Badamasi Family". He received the "Best Actor Kannywood Industry" award for the movie ''[[Kwana Casa'in]]''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Previous source did not back this claim.|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="Previous source did not back this claim. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>. == Hotunan fina-finai == Jerin fina-finai da Dorayi ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falalu A. Dorayi [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/falalu_a._dorayi |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Allo'' |ND |- |''Farar Saka'' |ND |- |''Fataken Dare'' |ND |- |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfin'' |ND |- |''Ibro Dan Fulani'' |ND |- |''Larai'' |ND |- |''Madugu'' |ND |- |''Mukaddari'' |ND |- |''Namamajo'' |ND |- |''Ragas'' |ND |- |''Sa'a Dai'' |ND |- |''Sowa'' |ND |- |''Tarkon Kauna'' |ND |- |''Tsartuwa'' |ND |- |''Yau A Gari'' |ND |- |''Zatona'' |ND |- |''Zo Mu Zauna'' |ND |- |''Bana Bakwai'' |2007 |- |''Artabu'' |2009 |- |''Ahlul Kitab'' |2011 |- |''Sandar Kiwo'' |2011 |- |''Sayyada'' |2011 |- |''Zarar Bunu'' |2011 |- |''Andamali'' |2013 |- |''Mai Dalilin Aure'' (Mai yin Wasanni) |2014 |- |''Soyayya Da Shakuwa'' |2014 |- |''Akwai Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita'' |2016 |- |''Gwaska'' |2017 |- |''Juyin Sarauta'' |2017 |- |''Alkibla'' |2018 |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 |- | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] 2sox7ib2qldndv7ni2dh9t0xi5ga1yg 885168 885167 2026-07-20T10:53:00Z Maiakwai4u 37986 885168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   '''Falalu Abubakar Dorayi''' wanda aka fi sani da '''Falalu A. Dorayi''' (an haife shi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1977) shi ne darektan fina-finai [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], furodusa, marubuci kuma ɗan wasan fim. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=23 January 2015 |title=Why Falalu Dorayi is one of most sought-after Kannywood directors {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/175489-falalu-dorayi-one-sought-kannywood-directors.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=27 August 2017 |title=KANNYWOOD INTERVIEW: Returning to the Cinemas, movie makers now smile to bank – Falalu Dorayi {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/241649-kannywood-interview-returning-cinemas-movie-makers-now-smile-bank-falalu-dorayi.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Times News}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da asali == An haifi Dorayi a ranar 4 ga watan Janairun 1977 a Dorayi, [[Gwale (Kano)|Gwale]], [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] ga Alhaji Abubakar wani dan kasuwa a Kano. Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Kano. Ya sami difloma a cikin Sadarwar Jama'a daga [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami'ar Bayero Kano]] kuma ya sami difloma ta kwararru a Fim & Talabijin a [[Jami'ar Yusuf Maitama Sule|Jami'ar Maitama Sule, Kano]] a cikin 2017. Dorayi ta kuma halarci shirin horar da fina-finai a Kwalejin Fim da Talabijin ta Asiya, Noida a [[Indiya]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lere |first=Mohammed |date=9 October 2014 |title=20 Kannywood actors and producers attend film training course in India {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/169275-20-kannywood-actors-and-producers-attend-film-training-course-in-india.html |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=Premium Time News}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Dorayi ya fara aikinsa a masana'antar fina-finai a shekarar 1997, tare da ƙungiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta gida lokacin da yake makarantar sakandare. Bayan kammala karatunsa na makarantar sakandare Dorayi ya shiga masana'antar fina-finai ta [[Kannywood]], fim din biyu na farko da ya jagoranta ya dauki shi kuma mai gabatar da fim din ya yi ikirarin cewa ya ba kansa lambar yabo ta darektan. Ya sami wata dama ta darektan tare da Sarauniya Films inda ya jagoranci fim din da ake kira ''Kwangiri'', sannan ''Uwargida'' da ''Majalisa'' suka biyo baya. Dorayi ya zama sananne bayan ya jagoranci ''Basaja'' (2013), inda ya fito da ƙungiyar da ta hada da [[Ali Nuhu]], [[Adam A Zango]], da [[Hadiza Aliyu]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basaja [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/film/basaja |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> Fim din ya kasance babbar nasara kuma an zabi shi a 2014 City People Entertainment Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kannywood at the 2014 City People Entertainment Awards – Winners and Nominees [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/awards/city-people-entertainment-awards-june-2014 |access-date=9 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> A cikin 2015, Dorayi ta samar da ''Gwaska'' (wanda [[Adam A Zango]] ya jagoranta), sannan daga baya ''Komawar Gwaska'' a cikin 2017. A cikin 2019, Dorayi ya ba da umarni kuma ya fito da wani shirin talabijin mai suna ''[[Gidan Badamasi]]'', wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke kewaye da "Badamasi Family". He received the "Best Actor Kannywood Industry" award for the movie ''[[Kwana Casa'in]]''.{{Ana bukatan hujja|reason=Previous source did not back this claim.|date=November 2024}}<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="Previous source did not back this claim. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup>. == Hotunan fina-finai == Jerin fina-finai da Dorayi ya jagoranta.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Falalu A. Dorayi [HausaFilms.TV – Kannywood, Fina-finai, Hausa Movies, TV and Celebrities] |url=http://hausafilms.tv/director/falalu_a._dorayi |access-date=10 October 2020 |website=hausafilms.tv}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |- style="background:#b0c4de; text-align:center;" !Taken !Shekara |- |''Allo'' |ND |- |''Farar Saka'' |ND |- |''Fataken Dare'' |ND |- |''Ƙarfin Ƙarfin'' |ND |- |''Ibro Dan Fulani'' |ND |- |''Larai'' |ND |- |''Madugu'' |ND |- |''Mukaddari'' |ND |- |''Namamajo'' |ND |- |''Ragas'' |ND |- |''Sa'a Dai'' |ND |- |''Sowa'' |ND |- |''Tarkon Kauna'' |ND |- |''Tsartuwa'' |ND |- |''Yau A Gari'' |ND |- |''Zatona'' |ND |- |''Zo Mu Zauna'' |ND |- |''Bana Bakwai'' |2007 |- |''Artabu'' |2009 |- |''Ahlul Kitab'' |2011 |- |''Sandar Kiwo'' |2011 |- |''Sayyada'' |2011 |- |''Zarar Bunu'' |2011 |- |''Andamali'' |2013 |- |''Mai Dalilin Aure'' (Mai yin Wasanni) |2014 |- |''Soyayya Da Shakuwa'' |2014 |- |''Akwai Hanyar da za a yi amfani da ita'' |2016 |- |''Gwaska'' |2017 |- |''Juyin Sarauta'' |2017 |- |''Alkibla'' |2018 |- |Hanyar Kano |2014 |- | |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin Jaruman Finafinan Najeriya|Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Mutane daga Jihar Kano]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1977]] kc1gjb84te3p2rdjwf9ptaetr5ywlfl 0 18797 884852 473987 2026-07-19T12:23:35Z Pharouqenr 25549 884852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} '''Onón''' ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin majalisun majami'u 54 na Cangas del Narcea, wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin da kuma yankin Asturias mai cin gashin kanta,, a arewacin [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Kauyuka == * Ounón * La Veiguieḷḷa == Manazarta == {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} qdarh893fzgl5dp5j5rk5jhiy01i8kb 884853 884852 2026-07-19T12:23:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 884853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Stub}} '''Onón''' ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin majalisun majami'u 54 na Cangas del Narcea, wata karamar hukuma ce a cikin lardin da kuma yankin Asturias mai cin gashin kanta, a arewacin [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Kauyuka == * Ounón * La Veiguieḷḷa == Manazarta == {{Hujja}}{{Reflist}} fpw7bz14kffpzj8wlwd8ha8eli9j81t 0 19569 884954 610956 2026-07-19T16:16:08Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 884954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekarar 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da ita filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekarar 1999. Ita ce wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 662ssuzloornl4q94q9cqmokkpqyrfh 884960 884954 2026-07-19T16:23:16Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 884960 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. Ita ce wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p8dk29q48ukg6suvgxkd3kz97p6zgi9 884969 884960 2026-07-19T16:35:23Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 884969 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o8w0vgbjooh01hvqo2unbhp13l0o096 884971 884969 2026-07-19T16:41:32Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 884971 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] pa4c47lyqsxtx5g7haotit3dcqybxga 884974 884971 2026-07-19T16:44:12Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 884974 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekarar 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 87lowkxvx6m2e1t634kxc1xnjmeilu5 884975 884974 2026-07-19T16:48:21Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 884975 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1934, kwamitin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hmh7kv6r43szj0ivq2ffzeaqd74u0w2 884976 884975 2026-07-19T16:54:22Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 884976 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1934, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekarar 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] fik4srieevsu8kum2n5jajeb0916t44 885073 884976 2026-07-20T06:38:49Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 885073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1934, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekara ta 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekarar 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7z5m5a4fp6e5tm0qdz9k5mn52f1rv4m 885074 885073 2026-07-20T06:41:34Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 885074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1934, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekara ta 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekara ta 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekarar 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 6ni7970wktxlauxegndwmtnnpmuliac 885075 885074 2026-07-20T06:45:52Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 885075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1934, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekara ta 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekara ta 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekarar 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] e6i6t13d10au8vrmnd8yww39hdk5j4l 885078 885075 2026-07-20T06:52:55Z Adamu Sani Muhammad 20906 /* Tarihi */ 885078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:YANKARI Hotel Rooms.jpg|thumb|Dakunan otel na yankari]]   {{Databox}} '''Wurin Shakatawa na Yankari''' babban wurin shakatawa ne na namun daji dake kudu maso tsakiyar [[jihar Bauchi]], a arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Dajin ya mamaye fili kimanin {{Convert|2244|km2|mi2}} kuma ya kunshi mabubbugan ruwa masu dumi tare da halittu da dama, da kuma nau'ikan flora da fauna iri-iri. Zaman yankin a tsakiyar yankin Savanna na yammacin Afirka ya santa ta zamo wuri na musamman ga masu yawon bude idanu da masu bukatar hutu don kallon namun daji a asalin muhallinsu. An kirkiri '''Yankari''' a matsayin wurin ziyara don wasanni a shekara ta 1956, amma daga baya aka mayar da shi filin shakatawa na kasa kuma mafi girma a Najeriya a shekara ta 1999. shine wuri mafi shahara ga masu yawon bude ido a Najeriya, don haka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cigaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude ido da yawon shakatawa a Najeriya.<ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> Hakanan ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun wurare na musamman a [[Yammacin Afirka]].<ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153–155</ref> == Tarihi == Budaddiyar kasa da take dauke da kauyukan da ke kewaye da gandun dajin Yankari na dauke da manoma da makiyaya, amma sama da karni daya babu mutane mazauna dajin. Amma, duk da haka, akwai shaidar wanzuwar bil adama a baya a cikin wurin shakatawar, wanda suka hada da tsoffin wuraren narkar da ƙarfe ko makeru da koguna. Makerun sun lalace saboda shekaru aru-aru da aka yi ana damun yankin, kodayake a ƙarshen shekara ta 1990s akwai sama da hamsin da suka tsira a yankin Delimiri da Ampara.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=208–209}}</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1934, gwamnatin yankin Arewa ta ba da shawara ga Majalisar Zartaswa don samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobi a [[Masarautar Bauchi]]. Alhaji Muhammadu Ngeleruma minista a tsohuwar ma'aikatar noma da albarkatun kasa ta arewacin Najeriya ya goyi bayan hakan. A daidai wannan lokacinda ya ga abun burgewa a wani ziyarar da ya kai a wani wurin ajiyar dabbobi na ƙasar Sudan yayin da yake tafiya zuwa gabashin Afirka. Da ya dawo, ya karfafa yunƙurin kafa wani abu makamancin haka a Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref><ref>"Yankari Game Reserve". ''nigeria.wcs.org''. Retrieved 2022-02-09.</ref> A shekara ta 1956, gwamnatin Arewacin Najeriya ta amince da tsare-tsaren samar da yankin Kulawa da dabbobi karkashin kulawar gwamnati. An bayyana Yankari a matsayin wani yanki na kudancin jihar Bauchi a lokacin inda namun daji masu yawa ke wanzuwa kuma ana iya kare su. A shekara ta 1957 aka samar da wurin ajiyar dabbobin kuma an kafa yankin a matsayin gandun daji na Hukumar Bauci.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> An fara buɗe Yankari ga jama'a a matsayin filin wasa ta farko a ranar 1 ga watan Disamban shekara ta 1962. Tun a wancan lokaci gwamnatin jihar Arewa maso Gabas sannan daga bisani kuma gwamnatin jihar Bauchi suke kula da gandun daji na Yankari. Gwamnatin tarayyar Najeriya ce ke kula da dajin a yanzu, ta hannun hukumar kula da dajin.<ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991–1999). Unpublished.</ref> A shekara ta 1991 ne dajin ta zama a hukumance Wurin Shakatawa ta Kasa (National Park) ta hanyar doka ta 36 na Gwamnatin Tarayya.<ref>Falade, G.O. (2000): Understanding Tourism in Nigeria JIS Printing</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 1900s sashin gudanarwa na wurin shakatawar ta fara aikin samar da wuraren adana kayan tarihi a cikin gandun shakatawar don ƙarfafa yawon shakatawa na gado.<ref>{{Cite journal|url-status=209}}</ref> == Ecotourism == [[File:Yankari_park.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Yankari_park.jpg/220px-Yankari_park.jpg|thumb| Barka da zuwa wurin shakatawa na Yankari]] Ƙungiyoyin muhalli da ƙungiyoyin agaji da dama na duniya sun fifita yawon buɗe ido ko yawon buɗe idanu a matsayin hanyar samun ci gaba mai dorewa. Tana haɓaka kiyaye halittu iri-iri ta hanyar kare yanayin muhalli da kuma kayan al'adu na gargajiya, flora da fauna a matsayin manyan abubuwan jan hankali. Dajin Yankari ta cika wadannan ka'idoji. A shekara ta 2000, dajin Yankari ta karbi bakuncin masu yawon bude idanu sama da mutum 20,000 daga kasashe sama da 100. Wannan ya sanya ta zama wurin yawon bude ido mafi shahara a Najeriya, kuma idan aka sarrafa ta yadda ya kamata, za ta iya zama wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaba da bunkasa harkokin yawon bude idanu a fadin Najeriya.<ref name="ecoclub.com">[http://ecoclub.com/library/epapers/7.pdf Odunlami, Samuel Segun, An Assessment of the Ecotourism Potential of Yankari National Park, Nigeria. Ecoclub.com E-Paper Series, Nr. 7, April 2003]</ref> Tana daya daga cikin yankunan kadan da suka rage a yammacin Afirka inda ake kiyaye namun daji a wuraren da suke zaune. == Yanayin kasa == Yankari National Park ta fada cikin yanayin kasa na kudancin Sudan Savannah. Ta ƙunshi ciyayi na savannah tare da ingantaccen nau'ika na itace. Hakanan yanki ne na tuddai masu hauhawa, galibi tsakanin mita 200m zuwa 400m. Tudun Kariyo shine mafi girma da mita 640. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a wurin shakatawa na tsakanin 900mm zuwa 1,000mm. Lokacin damina yna farawa daga Mayu zuwa Satumba. Yanayin zafi/sanyi na tsakanin 18C da 35C. A lokacin rani, iskan harmattan ke kadawa daga sahara, sau da yawa kan sanya sararin sama tayi kura da sanyin dare ya yi kasa da 12C. Lokacin mafi zafi yana faɗawa a watan Maris da Afrilu yayin da yanayin zafi ka iya tashi har sama da 40C da rana. A lokacin rani, namun daji mafi girma a wurin shakatawa sun dogara da kogin Gaji da magudanan ruwa don tsira. Wannan kogin shine kadai ruwan da ya raba dajin gida biyu. Marshall ya kiyasta yankin kwarin Rafin Gaji da giwaye dake amfani da shi a lokacin rani a kusan {{Convert|40|km2|mi2}}. <ref>Marshall, P.J. (1985): A new method of censusing, Elephants and hippopotamus on Yankari Game Reserve. Nigeria Field 50: 5-11</ref> Wannan yana karuwa tare da yiwuwar ganin giwaye a wannan lokacin na shekara. Babban kofar shiga dajin yana ƙauye Mainamaji, kimanin kilomita 29&nbsp;km daga Dindima. Tana nan a yankin gundumar Duguri, Pali da Gwana a [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukumar]] [[Alkaleri]], [[Bauchi (jiha)|jihar Bauchi]] . Wannan karamar hukumar tana da yawan jama'a 208,202 wadanda ke mamaye fadin fadin kasa {{Convert|7457.78|km2|mi2}} . == Duwatsu == Daukakin wurin shakatawar ya ta'allaka ne akan [[Harshen Karai-Karai|samuwar Karai-Karai]], na shekarun Tertiary, wanda ya ƙunshi sandstones, siltstones, kaolinites da kuma grits. A karkashin wannan akwai samuwar shekarun Cretaceous na Gombe, wanda suka hada da sandstones da siltstones, da kuma ironstones. Kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli suna cike da Alluvium na kwanan nan. Akwai ajiyar turbaya da ƙasan yumbu na alluvium a yankunan kogin suna faruwa a cikin kwarin kogin Gaji, Yashi da Yuli. Gabashin kwarin Gaji kilomita 5–7 ne&nbsp; a faɗin ƙasa mai yashi mara kyau wanda ke goyan bayan samuwar savanna shrub <ref>Ubaru, J.I (2000): Review of Illegal Activities in Yankari National Park (1991 – 1999)</ref> == Namun daji == [[File:Yankari_Elephants.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Yankari_Elephants.jpg/220px-Yankari_Elephants.jpg|thumb| Giwayen daji na Afirka a dajin Yankari]] [[File:Water_buck_(Kobus_ellipsiprymnus)_-Yankari_game_reserve,_Bauchi_State_(1).jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg/220px-Water_buck_%28Kobus_ellipsiprymnus%29_-Yankari_game_reserve%2C_Bauchi_State_%281%29.jpg|thumb| Water Buck ( ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' ) -Yankari game Reserve, Bauchi State (1)]] Yankari National Park na da muhimmiyar mafaka ga nau'ikan namun daji masu shayarwa sama da 50 da suka hada da giwayen dazukan Afirka, birai na [[Gwaggon biri|olive]], biran patas, biran Tantalus, [[Gwamki|roan antelope]], hartebeest na yamma, zaki na Afirka ta yamma, [[Ɓauna|bijimi na Afirka]], waterbuck, bushbuck da hippopotamus. Zakuna na gab da bacewa.<ref>"AfricaNews (2016-03-21). "Counting the last lions of Nigeria: A day in the life of a researcher". ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2021-12-14.</ref> Zakuna 2 ne kawai suka rage a wurin shakatawa a shekarar 2011. Ana tunanin damisa sun dade da bacewa a dajin, amma a watan Afrilun 2017, an samu hoton wani namiji guda ɗaya a tarkon kyamarar WCS. Akwai kuma nau'in tsuntsaye sama da 350 da ake iya samu a wurin shakatawan. Daga cikin wadannan, 130 mazauna wurin ne, 50 kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Falasdinu, sauran kuma ‘yan ci-rani ne na Afirka da ke zuwa gida Najeriya. Waɗannan tsuntsayen sun haɗa da [[Wuyan barauka|s]][[saddle-billed stork]], t[[Helmeted guineafowl|guinea fowl]], [[African grey hornbill|grey hornbill]], da kuma [[cattle egret]]. <ref>Olokesusi, F. (1990): Assessment of the Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria: Problems and Prospects. Butterworth Heineman Ltd., pp 153 – 155.</ref> A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ba a sake ganin nau'in White-backed Vultures ba a cikin Yankari kuma ana tunanin jinsunansu sun kare a cikin gandun. Ana ganin Yankari a matsayin daya daga cikin yankuna da sukafi yawan giwaye a yammacin Afirka, wanda aka kiyasta sama da 300 a shekara ta 2005. Yawan giwaye ya zama matsala ga kauyukan da ke kewaye a wasu lokutan yayin da dabbobin ke shiga gonakin gida a lokacin damina. Giwayen sun kuma kakkarya itacen kuka da dama daga dajin. Tun daga shekara ta 2005, ana ɗaukar yankin da ake karewa azaman Sashin Kula da Zaki tare da dajin Kasa na Kainji.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion West and Central Africa''. Yaounde, Cameroon: IUCN.</ref> == Siffofi == Saboda ayyukan da ake yi a karkashin kasa, gandun dajin Yankari yana da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan dumi guda huɗu. An ba wa sansanin suna ne dangane da sanannen wuri wato, Wikki Spring, daga yaren Duguri na gida tare da "Wikki" ma'ana "ina kuke?" . Wikki Warm Spring shine rafi mafi girma kuma yana da faɗin mita 13.0 da zurfin mita 1.9. A kullum yana kwarara lita miliyan 21,000,000 na fili, ruwan magudanar ruwa zuwa kogin Gaji.<ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> Ruwan rafin na da dumi na kimanin 31.1&nbsp;°C duk shekara a cikin dare da rana kuma an inganta shi don nishaɗi. Sauran maɓuɓɓugan ruwan masu dumi sun hada da Dimmil, Gwana, da kuma Mawulgo. Ruwa na biyar, Tungan Maliki, wanda shine kadai ruwa mai sanyi a wurin shakatawar. [[Fayil:Yankari Entry Gate.jpg|thumb|Kafar shiga yankari]] === Shaidar matsugunan mutane na farko === * '''Rijiyoyin Dukkey''' - rijiyoyi 139 tare da ramukan da suka haɗe wanda ke wakiltar ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar ruwa. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9">Nihotours (2000): A Bulletin of the National Institute for Hospitality and tourism Studies, Kano, Nigeria. Vol 1, no 1 pp 8-9.</ref> * '''Kogunan Marshall''' - kogon gidaje guda 59 da aka tona a cikin duwatsun sandstones, wanda PJ Marshall ya gano a shekarar 1980. Akwai zane-zane na dutse da ane a cikin siffar zigzag da madaidaiciyar layi. <ref name="Nihotours 2000 pp 8-9" /> * '''Dutsen Tunga''' - dutsen da ke da zane fiye da kogon Marshall. Rubuce-rubucen da ake karantawa sun shafi wani yanki a kan dutsen mai tsayin kusan mita 4m a cikin kogin Dwall. Ana iya ganin rubuce-rubucen. Duk da haka, ba a tantance shekarunsu da ma'anarsu ba <ref>YNP. (2000) A Handbill of the Yankari National Park, Nigeria.</ref> * '''Makeru/wurin sarrafa karafa''' - ayyukan narka baƙin ƙarfe na shau shau wanda ke da kusan murhun wuta na tsaye guda 60, wadanda aka yi imanin su ne mafi girman masana'antar tarihi na wancan zamanin a Yankin Yammacin Afirka <ref name="Odunlami, S.S.S. 2000 pp 25">Odunlami, S.S.S. (2000): Parks: Vanguard of Ecotourism Promotion. The Host Magazine Vol 2, No 1 pp 25</ref> === Siffofin yanki === * '''Tsaunin Kalban''' - ma'ana "wuri mai lebur" tudun mai shafaffen sama yana ba masu yawon bude ido ikon kallon wurin shakatawa gaba daya * '''Tsaunin Kariyo''' - wanda ke kusa da kogon Marshal kyakkyawan filin kallo ne * '''Tsaunin Paliyaram''' – sanannen sansanin farauta ne, wanda yake da nisan 10&nbsp;km daga Wikki. * '''Kwazazzabon Tonglong''' - wani kwazazzabo ne mai ban sha'awa tare da tuddai masu alaƙa, buttes da tarkacensu na nan a yammacin wurin shakatawar. == Duba kuma == * [[Gidan dabbobi na Sumu|Sumu Wildlife Park]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Commonscat|Yankari National Park}}{{Protected areas of Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Jihar Bauchi]] [[Category:Wuraren shakatawa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 968vlyb0m3dwu4ali3sj3a8lb1t2uhd 0 19731 884917 884823 2026-07-19T13:15:23Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Forstarbeiten_in_Österreich.JPG|thumb| Aikin gandun daji a Austria]] [[Fayil:Lacanja burn.JPG|thumb]] '''Gandun daji''' shine kimiyya da fasaha na kirkira, sarrafawa, dasa shuka, amfani, adanawa da gyara [[Gandun Daji|dazuzzuka]], ciyayi, da albarkatu masu alaka don fa'idodin dan adam da muhalli. Ana yin aikin gandun daji a cikin gonaki da kuma wuraren daban-daban Wanda ake da su. Kimiyyar gandun daji yana da abubuwan da ke cikin [[Ilimin halitta na mata|ilimin halitta]], jiki, zamantakewa, siyasa da kimiyyar gudanarwa. Gudanar da gandun daji yana taka muhimmiyar rawa na ƙirƙira da gyare-gyaren wuraren zama kuma yana shafar samar da ayyukan muhalli.<ref name="dictionaryofforestry">{{cite web|url=http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/forestry|title=SAFnet Dictionary &#124; Definition For [forestry&#93; |publisher=Dictionaryofforestry.org|date=2008-10-22|access-date=2014-03-15|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019122343/http://dictionaryofforestry.org/dict/term/forestry|archive-date=2013-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.forestryfocus.ie/growing-forests-3/establishing-forests/reproductive-material/seed-origin/|title=Seed Origin -pinga Forestry Focus|work=Forestry Focus|access-date=April 5, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=Raymond A.|title=Introduction to Forest Science|date=1982|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-06438-1|page=ix}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Frouz|first=Jan|last2=Frouzová|first2=Jaroslava|date=2022|title=Applied Ecology|url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4|language=en-gb|doi=10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4}}</ref> [[Fayil:Ryssebergen 2012b.jpg|thumb|yanda daji keda kyauwun gani]] Gandun daji na zamani gaba daya ya kunshi manyan abubuwan damuwa, a cikin abin da aka sani da sarrafa amfani da yawa, gami da abubuwa kamar haka: * Samar da katako * Itacen mai * Wurin zama na namun daji * Gudanar da ingancin ruwa na halitta * Nishadi * Tsarin kasa da kariyar al'umma * Aiki * shimfidar wurare masu kyan gani * Gudanar da bambancin halittu * Gudanar da magudanar ruwa * [[Kula da zaizayar kasa|Kula da zaizayar ƙasa]] * Kiyaye dazuzzuka kamar " nutsewa " don [[Sararin Samaniya na Duniya|iskar]] carbon dioxide Ana san mai aikin gandun daji da gandun daji . Wani kalmar gama gari shine silviculturist. Silviculture ya fi gandun daji kunkuntar, yana damuwa da tsire-tsire na gandun daji kawai, ammah ana amfani da shi tare da gandun daji. An yi la'akari da yanayin dazuzzuka a matsayin mafi mahimmancin bangaren biosphere, kuma gandun daji ya fito a matsayin mahimmancin kimiyya, sana'a, da [[fasaha]] . Duk mutane sun dogara da gandun daji da bambancin halittunsu, wasu fiye da wasu. Gandun daji wani muhimmin yanki ne na tattalin arziki a cikin kasashe masu masana'antu daban-daban, kamar yadda gandun daji ke ba da ayyukan koraye sama da miliyan 86 da tallafawa rayuwar karin mutane da yawa. <ref name=":0" /> Misali, a Jamus, gandun daji suna rufe kusan kashi daya bisa uku na yankin ƙasar, itace shine mafi mahimmancin albarkatun da za'a iya sabuntawa, kuma gandun daji yana tallafawa ayyukan yi fiye da miliyan daya da kusan € 181 biliyan na ƙimar tattalin arzikin Jamus kowace shekara. A duk duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 880 ne ke kashe wani bangare na lokacinsu wajen diban man fetur ko kuma yin gawayi, yawancinsu mata. Yawan jama'a yakan yi kasa a yankuna na kasashe masu karamin karfi da ke da gandun daji da kuma yawan gandun daji, amma yawan talauci a wadannan yankuna yakan yi yawa. <ref name=":0" /> Wasu mutane miliyan 252 da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka da savannas suna samun kudin shiga kasa da dalar Amurka 1.25 kowace rana. <ref name=":0" /> [[File:A_deciduous_beech_forest_in_Slovenia.jpg|thumb| Dajin beech mai tsiro a cikin [[Sloveniya|Slovenia]]]] == Tarihi == === Fage === Werner Sombart da sauransu sun sanya wa shekarun gaban masana'antu lakabi da 'zamanin itace', saboda katako da itacen wuta sune tushen albarkatun makamashi, gini da gidaje. Ci gaban gandun daji na zamani yana da alaka da habakar jari-hujja, tattalin arziƙi a matsayin kimiyya da ra'ayoyi daban-daban na amfani da ƙasa da dukiya. <ref>compare Joachim Radkau Wood: A History, 2011</ref> Roman Latifundiae, manyan wuraren noma, sun yi nasara sosai wajen kiyaye yawan itacen da ya zama dole ga Daular Roma. Manyan [[Gandun daji|saren gandun daji]] ya zo tare da raguwar Rumawa. <ref name="yale" /> Duk da haka tuni a cikin karni na 5, sufaye a cikin lokacin Byzantine Romagna a kan gabar tekun Adriatic, sun sami damar kafa gonakin pine na dutse don samar da itacen mai da abinci . Wannan shi ne farkon babban dajin da Dante Alighieri ya ambata a cikin wakarsa ta shekara ta 1308 Divine Comedy . <ref name="Pines" /> Irin wadannan ayyukan dazuzzuka masu dorewa sun habaka ta Visigoths a cikin karni na 7, yayin da suke fuskantar karancin itace, suka kafa ka'idar da ta shafi kiyaye dazuzzukan itacen oak da Pine . Amfani da kuma sarrafa albarkatun gandun daji da yawa yana da dogon tarihi a kasar Sin, tun daga daular Han da ke karkashin ikon mallakar filaye . An yi amfani da irin wannan hanya a Japan. Daga baya kuma masanin kasar Sin Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) ya rubuta game da daular Ming . A Turai, hakkin amfani da kasa a zamanin da da farkon zamani ya ba da damar masu amfani daban-daban damar shiga gandun daji da wuraren kiwo. Shurar tsiro da fitar da guduro suna da mahimmanci, saboda farar (gudu) yana da mahimmanci ga caulking na jiragen ruwa, hakkokin faduwa da farauta, itacen wuta da gini, tara katako a cikin wuraren kiwo na itace, da kiwo na dabbobi a cikin dazuzzuka. Ra'ayin "na gama-gari" (Jamus " Allmende ") yana nufin ainihin kalmar shari'a ta gargajiya ta kasar gama gari. Tunanin rufaffiyar kadarorin masu zaman kansu ya samo asali ne a zamanin yau. Koyaya, yawancin hakkokin farauta sun kasance membobin manyan mutane wadanda ke kiyaye hakkin manyan mutane don samun dama da amfani da kasar gama gari don nishadi, kamar farautar fox . === Farkon ci gaban gandun daji na zamani === [[File:TJ_harvesteri.jpg|thumb| Girbin katako a Finland]] [[File:Gewinnung_von_Schnittreisig.jpg|thumb| Yin amfani da itacen goge baki a [[:de:Goldner Steinrück|Golden Steinrueck]], Vogelsberg]] [[File:Hans_Carl_von_Carlowitz.jpg|thumb| Hans Carl von Carlowitz, mai hakar ma'adinai na Jamus]] Tsarin kula da gandun daji don samun amfanin katako mai dorewa ya fara ne a [[Portugal]] a cikin karni na 13 lokacin da Sarki Afonso III ya dasa dajin Pinhal do Rei (Dajin Pine na King) kusa da Leiria don hana zaizayar gabar teku da lalata kasa, kuma a matsayin tushen ci gaba na katako da aka yi amfani da su a ciki. gina sojojin ruwa. Magajinsa Sarki Denis na Portugal ya ci gaba da aikin kuma daji yana wanzu har yau.<ref>Watson, Robert T.; Verardo, David J.; Noble, Ian R.; Bolin, Bert; Ravindranath, N.H.; Dokken, David J., eds. (2000). "Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry". Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.</ref> Har ila yau, kula da gandun daji ya bunkasa a cikin jihohin Jamus a karni na 14, misali a [[Nuremberg]], da kuma a [[Japan]] a karni na 16. Yawanci, an raba gandun daji zuwa sassa na musamman kuma an tsara shi; an shirya girbin katako da ido don sake farfadowa. Kamar yadda rafting na katako ya ba da izinin haɗa manyan dazuzzukan nahiyoyi, kamar a kudu maso yammacin Jamus, ta hanyar Main, Neckar, Danube da Rhine tare da biranen bakin teku da jahohi, farkon gandun daji na zamani da ciniki mai nisa suna da alaka sosai. An kira manyan firs a cikin gandun daji na bakar fata "Holländer", yayin da aka sayar da su zuwa yadiyoyin jirgin ruwan Holland. Manyan igiyoyin katako a kan Rhine sun kasance tsawon 200 zuwa 400m, fadin 40m kuma sun kunshi katako dubu da yawa. Ma’aikatan jirgin sun kunshi mutane 400 zuwa 500, wadanda suka hada da matsuguni, gidajen burodi, tanda da wuraren kiwon dabbobi. Abubuwan aikin rafting na katako sun ba da izinin manyan hanyoyin sadarwa masu hadin gwiwa a duk fadin nahiyar Turai kuma har yanzu suna da mahimmanci a Finland.<ref>"forest, noun". Oxford English Dictionary online edition. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 11 January 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2009.</ref> An fara da karni na 16, habaka kasuwancin teku na duniya, habakar gine-ginen gidaje a Turai, da nasara da kara Berggeschrey (rushes) na masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ya karu da amfani da katako sosai. Tunanin 'Nachhaltigkeit', dorewa a cikin gandun daji, yana da alaka da aikin Hans Carl von Carlowitz (1645-1714), mai kula da ma'adinai a Saxony . Littafinsa ''Sylvicultura oeconomica, oder haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisung zur wilden Baum-Zucht'' (1713) shine nassi na farko mai cikakken bayani game da dazuzzuka masu dorewa. A cikin Burtaniya, kuma, zuwa wani matsayi, a cikin Nahiyar Turai, kakkarfan kakkarfan kakkarfan kakkarfan kadara da kebabbu . <ref name="Rad">Radkau, Joachim. Nature and Power. A Global History of the Environment. Cambridge University Press. 2008.</ref> Masu gyara Agrarian, marubutan tattalin arziki na farko da masana kimiyya sun yi kokari su kawar da al'adun gargajiya. <ref name="rad1">Nature and Power, A Global History of the Environment, by Joachim Radkau, 2008, p. 72</ref> A lokacin, wani bala'i da ake zargin na gama gari tare da fargabar wani Holznot, karancin itace da ke gabatowa ya taka rawa a cikin rikice-rikice game da tsarin amfani da kasa na hadin gwiwa. John Evelyn ya haɓaka al'adar kafa dashen bishiya a Tsibirin Biritaniya, kodayake ya riga ya sami farin jini. Ministan Louis XIV Jean-Baptiste Colbert 's itacen oak Forest na Tronçais, wanda aka dasa don amfani da sojojin ruwa na Faransa a nan gaba, ya girma kamar yadda aka zata a tsakiyar karni na 19: "Colbert ya yi tunanin komai sai dai jirgin ruwa," in ji Fernand Braudel . . A cikin layi daya, an kafa makarantun gandun daji tun daga karshen karni na 18 a Hesse, [[Rasha]], Austria-Hungary, [[Sweden]], [[Faransa]] da sauran wurare a Turai.<ref>Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – Key findings. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. 2020. doi:10.4060/ca8753en. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-5-132581-0</nowiki>. S2CID 130116768</ref> === Kare gandun daji da farkon duniya ===   Tun daga shekara ta 1750s an habaka gandun daji na kimiyya na zamani a Faransa da kasashen da ke magana da Jamus a cikin mahallin ilimin tarihin halitta da gudanar da gwamnati ta hanyar ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da kyamara . Babban halayensa sune tsarin kulawa ta kwararrun gandun daji, riko da ra'ayoyin amfanin gona mai dorewa tare da nuna son kai ga itacen mai da katako, dazuzzuka na wucin gadi, da kuma ra'ayi mai mahimmanci game da amfanin makiyaya da noma na gandun daji. A karshen karni na 19 da farkon karni na 20th, an kafa shirye-shiryen kiyaye gandun daji a kasar Indiya ta Burtaniya, Amurka, da Turai. Yawancin gandun daji sun kasance ko dai daga nahiyar Turai (kamar Sir Dietrich Brandis ), ko kuma sun yi ilimi a can (kamar Gifford Pinchot ). Sir Dietrich Brandis ana daukarsa a matsayin uban gandun daji na wurare masu zafi, ra'ayoyi da ayyuka na Turai dole ne a daidaita su a wurare masu zafi da ramin yanayi. Habaka gandun daji na daya daga cikin amsoshi (masu jayayya) ga takamaiman kalubalen da ke cikin yankuna masu zafi. Kaddamarwa da juyin halitta na dokokin gandun daji da ka'idojin daurewa sun faru a mafi yawan kasashen yammacin duniya a cikin karni na 20 don mayar da martani ga karuwar abubuwan da suka shafi kiyayewa da habaka karfin fasaha na kamfanonin katako. Gandun dazuzzuka na wurare masu zafi wani reshe ne na gandun daji wanda ke da alaka da dazuzzukan equatorial wadanda ke samar da dazuzzuka kamar su teak da mahogany .<ref>Menzies, Nicholas; Grinspoon, Elisabeth (22 October 2007). "Facts on Forests and Forestry". ForestFacts.org, a subsidiary of GreenFacts.org. Archived from the original on 8 May 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2014</ref><ref>Davies, Neil S., McMahon, William J. and Berry, Christopher M. (2024). "Earth's earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 181 (4) jgs2023-204. Bibcode:2024JGSoc.181..204D. doi:10.1144/jgs2023-204. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2024.</ref> === Gyaran daji da shimfidar wuri === Dubi Maido da Daji An ayyana gandun daji da yanayin shimfidar wuri (FLR) azaman tsari wanda ke nufin dawo da ayyukan muhalli da habaka jin dadin dan adam a cikin dazuzzuka ko barna. An habaka FLR a matsayin martani ga habakar lalacewa da asarar gandun daji da filaye, wanda ya haifar da raguwar ayyukan halittu da yanayin muhalli. <ref name=":1" /> Ingantacciyar FLR za ta goyi bayan cimma burin ci gaba mai dorewa. <ref name=":1" /> Shekaru Goma na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Maido da Tsarin Muhalli (2021-2030) yana ba da damar maido da daruruwan miliyoyin kadada na rusassun gandun daji da sauran halittu. <ref name=":1" /> === Makanikai === Kayan aikin gandun daji ya kasance koyaushe yana da alaka da aikin karfe da habaka kayan aikin injin don yanke da jigilar katako zuwa inda yake. Rafting nasa ne na farkon hanyoyin sufuri. Karfe saws ya fito a cikin karni na 15. Karni na 19 ya habaka samar da karfe don bulala da gabatar da layin dogo na gandun daji da layin dogo gabadaya don sufuri da kuma abokin ciniki na gandun daji. Karin canje-canjen da dan adam ya haifar, duk da haka, ya zo tun yakin duniya na biyu, daidai da "ciwon shekaru 1950". <ref>Christian Pfister (Hrsg.), Das 1950er Syndrom: Der Weg in die Konsumgesellschaft, Bern 1995</ref> An kirkira chainsaw na farko mai daukar hoto a cikin shekara ta 1918 a Kanada, amma babban tasirin injiniyoyi a cikin gandun daji ya fara ne bayan Yakin Duniya na II. Masu girbin gandun daji na daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a baya-bayan nan. Ko da yake jirage marasa matuki, jirage, na'urar daukar hoto ta Laser, tauraron dan adam da mutummutumi suma suna taka rawa a cikin gandun daji. === Mujallu na farko wadanda har yanzu suna nan<ref>The First Forests". Devonian Times. Archived from the original on 10 May 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2024.</ref> === * An fara buga ''Sylwan'' a cikin 1820 <ref name="RPonline" /> * An fara buga ''Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Forstwesen'' a shekara ta 1850. <ref name="RPonline" /> * An fara buga ''Erdészeti Lapok'' a cikin 1862. (Hungary, 1862-yanzu) * ''The Indian Forester'' ya fara buga a 1875. <ref name="RPonline" /> * An buga ''lissafin Šumarski'' (Binciken gandun daji, Croatia) a cikin 1877 ta Kungiyar gandun daji na Croatian . <ref name="RPonline" /> * ''Montes'' (Forestry, Spain) an fara buga shi a cikin 1877. <ref name="RPonline" /> * ''Revista pădurilor'' (Journal of Forests, Romania, 1881-1882; 1886-present), mafi tsufa mujalla a Romania * ''Forestry Quarterly'', wanda aka fara buga shi a 1902 ta Kwalejin gandun daji ta Jihar New York . * ''Šumarstvo'' (Forestry, Serbia) wanda aka fara buga shi a cikin 1948 ta Ma'aikatar Gandun Daji ta Yugoslavia ta Tarayyar Turai, kuma tun daga 1951 ta Organ of Society of Forestry Engineers da Technicians na Jamhuriyar Serbia (wanda ya ci nasarar tsohon ''Šumarski glasnik'' wanda aka buga daga 1907 zuwa 1921) == Gandun daji a karni na 21 == [[File:Laser_guided_cutting_of_wood_inside_modern_woodmill.jpg|thumb| Injin katako na zamani]] A yau an sami kwakkwaran bincike game da kula da yanayin gandun daji da inganta kwayoyin halittar bishiya da iri . Nazarin gandun daji kuma ya hada da habaka hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don dasa shuki, karewa, bacin rai, konawa mai sarrafawa, sarewa, hakowa, da sarrafa katako . Daya daga cikin aikace-aikacen dazuzzuka na zamani shine sake yin gandun daji, inda ake dasa bishiyoyi da kuma kula da su a wani yanki da aka ba su.<ref>MacDicken, Kenneth (15 March 2013). "Forest Resources Assessment Working Paper 180" (PDF). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forestry Department. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2014</ref> Bishiyoyi suna ba da fa'idodi masu yawa na muhalli, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ga mutane. A yankuna da yawa, masana'antar gandun daji na da mahimmancin muhalli, tattalin arziki, da zamantakewa, tare da Amurka ta samar da katako fiye da kowace kasa a duniya. Tsarin takaddun shaida na bangare na uku wadanda ke ba da tabbaci mai zaman kansa na kula da gandun daji mai dorewa da dazuzzuka masu dorewa sun zama ruwan dare a wurare da yawa tun shekara ta 1990s. Wadannan tsare-tsaren takaddun shaida sun samo asali ne a matsayin martani ga sukar wasu ayyukan gandun daji, musamman saran gandun daji a yankunan da ba a ci gaba ba tare da damuwa game da sarrafa albarkatu a cikin kasashen da suka ci gaba . A cikin yanayi mai tsananin dazuzzuka, dazuzzuka masu kyau na da mahimmanci don rigakafi ko rage girman [[Zaizayar Kasa|zaizayar]] kasa ko ma [[Zaftarewar kasa|zabtarewar kasa]] . A yankunan da ke da yuwuwar zaftarewar kasa, dazuzzuka na iya [[Kula da zaizayar kasa|daidaita kasa]] da hana lalacewa ko asarar dukiya, rauni ko asarar rayuka. == Masu gandun daji ==   [[File:Sanpablotregua.JPG|left|thumb| Masu gandun daji na Jami'ar Austral ta Chile a cikin gandun daji na Valdivian na San Pablo de Tregua, [[Chile]]]] Masu aikin gandun daji suna aiki da masana'antar katako, hukumomin gwamnati, ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa, kananan hukumomi, allon wuraren shakatawa na birane, kungiyoyin 'yan kasa, da masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu. Sana'ar gandun daji ta hada da ayyuka iri-iri, tare da bukatun ilimi tun daga digirin farko na kwaleji zuwa PhD don aiki na musamman. Masu gandun daji na masana'antu suna shirin sake farfado da daji tare da girbi a hankali. Masu gandun daji na birni suna kula da bishiyoyi a wuraren kore na birane . Masu aikin gandun daji suna aiki a cikin gandun daji na bishiya suna girma tsire-tsire don kirkirar gandun daji ko ayyukan sake farfadowa. Masu gandun daji suna inganta kwayoyin halittar itace . Injiniyoyin gandun daji suna habaka sabbin tsarin gini. Kwararrun gandun daji suna auna da kirar habakar gandun daji tare da kayan aiki kamar tsarin bayanan yanki . Masu gandun daji na iya magance cutar kwari, cututtuka, dazuzzuka da ciyayi da wutar daji, ammah suna kara kyale wadannan al'amuran dabi'a na yanayin gandun daji suyi tafiyarsu lokacin da yiwuwar annoba ko hadarin rayuwa ko dukiya ta yi kasa. Ana karawa, gandun daji suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen kiyaye namun daji da kare magudanar ruwa . Masu gandun daji sun fi damuwa da sarrafa katako, musamman gyaran dazuzzuka, kula da gandun daji a yanayin da ya fi dacewa, da kula da wuta.<ref name="galegroup1">{{cite web |url=http://find.galegroup.com/gps/start.do?prodId=IPS |title=PowerSearch Logout |publisher=Find.galegroup.com |access-date=2014-03-15 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510172355/http://find.galegroup.com/gps/start.do?prodId=IPS |archive-date=2013-05-10 }}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen gandun daji == Masu gandun daji suna haɓaka da aiwatar da tsare-tsaren kula da gandun daji bisa dogaro da taswirar kayan albarkatun da aka zayyana waɗanda ke nuna yanayin yanayin yanki da kuma rarraba bishiyoyi (ta nau'in) da sauran murfin shuka. Tsare-tsare kuma sun haɗa da manufofin mai mallakar ƙasa, hanyoyi, magudanan ruwa, kusanci da mazaunin ɗan adam, fasalin ruwa da yanayin ruwa, da bayanan ƙasa. Tsare-tsaren kula da gandun daji yawanci sun haɗa da shawarwarin jiyya na siliki da jadawalin aiwatar da su. Aikace-aikacen taswirori na dijital a cikin Tsarin Bayanai na Geographic (GIS) waɗanda ke hakowa da haɗa bayanai daban-daban game da wuraren dazuzzuka, nau'in ƙasa da murfin bishiya, da sauransu ta amfani da, misali Laser scan, haɓaka tsare-tsaren kula da gandun daji a cikin tsarin zamani. Tsare-tsaren kula da gandun daji sun haɗa da shawarwari don cimma manufofin mai mallakar ƙasa da yanayin da ake so a nan gaba don kadarorin da ke ƙarƙashin muhalli, kuɗi, dabaru (misali samun albarkatu), da sauran ƙuntatawa. A kan wasu kaddarorin, tsare-tsaren suna mayar da hankali kan samar da ingantattun samfuran itace don sarrafawa ko siyarwa. Don haka, nau'in bishiya, yawa, da siffa, duk tsakiyar darajar samfuran da aka girbe inganci da yawa, sun kasance suna zama mahimman abubuwan tsare-tsare na al'adun siliki. Shirye-shiryen gudanarwa masu kyau sun haɗa da la'akari da yanayin tsayuwar gaba bayan duk wani shawarar girbi da aka ba da shawarar, gami da jiyya na gaba (musamman a cikin jiyya na tsaka-tsaki), da tsare-tsaren sabuntar halitta ko na wucin gadi bayan girbi na ƙarshe. Manufofin masu mallakar filaye da masu haya suna tasiri tsare-tsare don girbi da jiyya na gaba. A Biritaniya, tsare-tsaren da ke nuna "kyakkyawan aikin gandun daji" dole ne su yi la'akari da bukatun sauran masu ruwa da tsaki kamar al'ummomin da ke kusa ko mazauna karkara da ke zaune a ciki ko kusa da yankunan daji. Masu gandun daji suna la'akari da sare bishiyoyi da dokokin muhalli lokacin haɓaka tsare-tsare. Tsare-tsaren suna ba da umarnin girbi mai ɗorewa da maye gurbin bishiyoyi. Suna nuna ko ana buƙatar ginin titi ko wasu ayyukan injiniyan gandun daji. Shugabannin [[noma]] da gandun daji suna kuma kokarin fahimtar yadda dokar sauyin yanayi za ta shafi abin da suke yi. Bayanan da aka tattara za su samar da bayanan da za su tantance matsayin aikin noma da gandun daji a cikin sabon tsarin kula da sauyin yanayi. == Gandun daji a matsayin kimiyya == A cikin ƙarnuka da suka wuce, ana ɗaukar gandun daji a matsayin wani kimiyya daban. Tare da haɓakar ilimin halittu da kimiyyar muhalli, an sami yin tsari a cikin ilimin kimiyyar da aka yi amfani da su. Dangane da wannan ra'ayi, gandun daji shine ilimin kimiyya na farko na amfanin ƙasa wanda aka kwatanta da [[Noma|aikin gona]] . <ref>Wojtkowski, Paul A. (2002) Agroecological Perspectives in Agronomy, Forestry and Agroforestry. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, 356p.</ref> Ƙarƙashin waɗannan jigogi, ginshiƙan da ke bayan kula da gandun dazuzzuka sun zo ta hanyar ilimin halitta. Dazuzzuka ko shuke-shuken bishiya. <ref>Wojtkowski, Paul A. (2006) Undoing the Damage: Silviculture for Ecologists and Environmental Scientists. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, NH, 313p.</ref> . == Bambancin kwayoyin halitta a cikin gandun daji == Tabbatar da kayan haifuwa na gandun daji da ake amfani da su don shuka dazuzzuka yana da tasiri mai yawa akan yadda bishiyoyi suke girma, don haka dalilin da ya sa yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da kayan haifuwa na gandun daji mai kyau da kuma bambancin kwayoyin halitta . Gaba ɗaya, duk ayyukan kula da gandun daji, gami da a cikin tsarin sabuntar halitta, na iya yin tasiri ga bambancin ƙwayoyin itatuwa. Kalmar genetic diversity tana bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin jerin DNA tsakanin dɗiɗaikun mutane daban-daban da bambancin da ke haifar da tasirin muhalli. Abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin halitta na musamman na mutum ( genotype ) zai ƙayyade aikinsa ( phenotype ) a wani rukunin yanar gizo. Ana buƙatar bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta don kula da dazuzzuka da kuma samar da juriya ga kwari da cututtuka . Bambancin kwayoyin halitta kuma yana tabbatar da cewa bishiyoyin gandun daji zasu iya rayuwa, daidaitawa da haɓakawa a ƙarƙashin canza yanayin muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, bambance-bambancen kwayoyin halitta shine tushen bambance-bambancen ilimin halitta a nau'in nau'in halitta da matakan yanayin halittu . Don haka albarkatun halittu na gandun daji suna da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da su wajen kula da gandun daji.<ref name="vries15">{{cite journal|last1=de Vries, S.M.G., Alan, M., Bozzano, M., Burianek, V., Collin, E., Cottrell, J., Ivankovic, M., Kelleher, C.T., Koskela, J., Rotach, P., Vietto, L. and Yrjänä, L.|title=Pan-European strategy for genetic conservation of forest trees and establishment of a core network of dynamic conservation units|journal=European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.|date=2015|page=xii + 40 p|url=http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin/templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Thematic_publications/EUFORGEN_FGR_conservation_strategy.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131201310/http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin/templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Thematic_publications/EUFORGEN_FGR_conservation_strategy.pdf|archive-date=2017-01-31|access-date=2017-01-20}}</ref><ref name="konnert15">{{cite journal|last1=Konnert, M., Fady, B., Gömöry, D., A’Hara, S., Wolter, F., Ducci, F., Koskela, J., Bozzano, M., Maaten, T. and Kowalczyk, J.|title=Use and transfer of forest reproductive material in Europe in the context of climate change|journal=European Forest Genetic Resources Programme, Bioversity International, Rome, Italy.|date=2015|page=xvi and 75 p|url=http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin/templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Thematic_publications/EUFORGEN_FRM_use_transfer.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804173305/http://www.euforgen.org/fileadmin/templates/euforgen.org/upload/Publications/Thematic_publications/EUFORGEN_FRM_use_transfer.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-04|access-date=2017-01-20}}</ref> Bambancin kwayoyin halitta a cikin [[Gandun Daji|gandun daji]] yana fuskantar barazanar gobarar daji, kwari da cututtuka, rarrabuwar kawuna, ayyukan al'adun gargajiya da rashin amfani da kayan haifuwa na gandun daji. Kimanin hekta miliyan 98 na gandun daji ne gobara ta shafa a shekara ta 2015; wannan ya kasance a yankin masu zafi, inda wuta ta kone kusan kashi 4 cikin dari na yawan gandun daji a wannan shekarar. Fiye da kashi biyu bisa uku na jimillar gandun dajin da abin ya shafa na Afirka ne da Kudancin Amurka. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙananan nau'o'in bishiyoyi da yawa suna fuskantar sababbin barazana saboda sauyin yanayi.<ref>"forest, noun". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (3 ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. 1996. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-395-44895-3</nowiki>.</ref> Yawancin ƙasashe a Turai suna da shawarwari ko ƙa'idoji don zaɓar nau'i na zaɓar nau’ikan abubuwan da ake iya amfani da su na iya amfani da su a cikin wani yanki ko yanki da aka bayar. === Tarihin ilimin gandun daji === Georg Ludwig Hartig ya kafa makarantar gandun daji ta farko a Hungen a cikin Wetterau, Hesse, a cikin shekara ta 1787, kodayake an koyar da gandun daji a tsakiyar Turai, gami da Jami'ar Giessen, a Hesse-Darmstadt . A Spain, makarantar gandun daji ta farko ita ce Makarantar Injiniyan daji ta Madrid ( Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes ), wacce aka kafa a shekara ta 1844. Na farko a Arewacin Amirka, an kafa Makarantar Dajin Biltmore kusa da Asheville, North Carolina, ta Carl A. Schenck a ranar 1 ga watan Satumba na shekara ta, na shekara ta 1898, a filin George W. Vanderbilt na Biltmore Estate . Wata makarantar farko ita ce Kwalejin daji ta Jihar New York, wacce aka kafa a Jami'ar Cornell bayan 'yan makonni kadan, a cikin Satumba na shekara ta 1898. Farkon ƙarni na 19 Arewacin Amurka gandun daji sun je Jamus don nazarin gandun daji. Wasu gandun daji na Jamus na farko su ma sun yi ƙaura zuwa Arewacin Amirka. A [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amirka]] an kafa makarantar gandun daji ta farko a Brazil, a Viçosa, Minas Gerais, a cikin shekara ta 1962, kuma ta koma shekara ta gaba don zama malami a Jami'ar Tarayya ta Paraná, a Curitiba.<ref>"What is a Forest?". Australian Government/Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry/Rural Areas. 28 March 2007. Archived from the original on 9 October 2009. Retrieved 25 November 2010</ref><ref>Confer John Evelyn, FRS, Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-Trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesty's Dominions (1664); and the title of and use passim in Edward Step, FLS, Wayside and Woodland Trees: A Pocket Guide to the British Sylva (Frederick Warne and Company Limited, London and New York, [many editions]).</ref> === Ilimin daji a yau === [[File:Burn9582.JPG|thumb| Masu gandun daji suna amfani da ƙonawa da aka ba da izini don rage nauyin mai]] A yau, ilimin gandun daji yawanci ya haɗa da horar da ilimin halittu gabaɗaya, ilimin halittu, ilimin halittu, ilimin halittu, kimiyyar ƙasa, climatology, ilimin ruwa, tattalin arziki da sarrafa gandun daji .<ref>Davies, Neil S., McMahon, William J. and Berry, Christopher M. (2024). "Earth's earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 181 (4) jgs2023-204. Bibcode:2024JGSoc.181..204D. doi:10.1144/jgs2023-204. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 March 2024.</ref> Ilimi a cikin tushen [[Kimiyar al'umma|ilimin zamantakewa]] da kimiyyar siyasa galibi ana ɗaukar fa'ida. Ƙwararrun ma tana da mahimmanci a cikin shirye-shiryen horo. A Indiya, ana ba da ilimin gandun daji a cikin jami'o'in aikin gona da kuma a cikin Cibiyoyin Binciken daji (jami'o'in da ake zaton). Ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen digiri na shekaru hudu a wadannan jami'o'in a matakin digiri. Hakanan ana samun digiri na biyu na Masters da Digiri a cikin waɗannan jami'o'in. A cikin Amurka, ilimin gandun daji na gaba da sakandare wanda zai kai ga digiri na farko ko digiri na biyu yana samun karbuwa daga Society of American Foresters . A Kanada Cibiyar Gandun daji ta Kanada tana ba da zoben azurfa ga waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri daga shirye-shiryen BSc na jami'a da aka amince da su, da kuma shirye-shiryen kwaleji da fasaha. A yawancin ƙasashen Turai, ana yin horo a cikin gandun daji daidai da buƙatun Tsarin Bologna da Yankin Ilimi na Turai . Ƙungiyar Bincike ta Duniya ita ce ƙungiyar ƙasa da ƙasa ɗaya tilo da ke daidaita ƙoƙarin kimiyyar daji a duk duniya. === Ci gaba da ilimi === Don ci gaba da sauye-sauyen bukatu da abubuwan muhalli, ilimin gandun daji ba ya tsayawa a lokacin kammala karatun. Dadadawa, kwararrun gandun daji suna shiga horo na yau da kullun don kulawa da habaka ayyukan gudanarwa. Ana iya amfani da wadannan rukunin yanar gizon don yin kwankwasa kama-da- wane da gwada kimar itacen mutum da kimar kima da kuma [http://iplus.efi.int/marteloscopes-data.html microhabitats] na itace. Wannan tsarin ya fi dacewa da yankuna masu kananan tsarin sarrafa gandun daji masu yawa. === Daban-daban game da bincike da ilimin daji === * Jerin cibiyoyin binciken daji * Jerin makarantun fasaha na gandun daji * Jerin jami'o'in gandun daji da kwalejoji * Jerin mujallun tarihi na gandun daji * Cibiyar gandun daji ta Imperial (rashin fahimta) ==Hotuna== <gallery> File:Bamboo_Forest_In_Zhejiang.JPG|Gandun dajin Bamboo a Zhejiang, China File:Forest_on_San_Juan_Island.jpg|Tsibirin gandun dajin San Juan, Washington, United States </gallery> == Duba kuma == <div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> * [[Afforestation|Gandun daji]] * [[Agroforestry]] * [[Arboriculture|Aikin noma]] * [[Close to nature forestry|Kusa da gandun daji na yanayi]] * [[Community forestry|Dajin al'umma]] * [[Deforestation|sare itatuwa]] * [[Deforestation and climate change|sare itatuwa da sauyin yanayi]] * [[Dendrology]] * [[Forest dynamics|Juyin gandun daji]] * [[Forest farming|Noman daji]] * [[Forest informatics|Bayanan daji]] * [[Forestry literature|Adabin daji]] * [[History of the forest in Central Europe|Tarihin daji a tsakiyar Turai]] * [[International Year of Forests|Shekarar dazuzzuka na duniya]] * [[List of forest research institutes|Jerin cibiyoyin binciken daji]] * [[List of forestry journals|Jerin jaridun gandun daji]] * [[Lumberjack]] * [[Miyawaki method|Hanyar Miyawaki]] * [[Private nonindustrial forest land|Dazuzzukan da ba na masana'antu masu zaman kansu]] * [[Sustainable forest management|Gudanar da gandun daji mai dorewa]] * [[Silviculture]] * [[Silvology]] </div> == Sources ==  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 License statement/permission. Text taken from Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings, FAO, FAO. This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO License statement/permission. Text taken from The State of the World’s Forests 2020. Forests, biodiversity and people – In brief, FAO & UNEP, FAO & UNEP. == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Commons category-inline}} * Works related to Forestry at Wikisource * {{Curlie|Business/Agriculture_and_Forestry/Forestry}} [[Category:Gandun-daji]] [[Category:Dajuka a Najeriya]] [[Category:Daji]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kxb3und7az9qxic3qiyh3dhmrnt3rru 0 20981 885120 745946 2026-07-20T09:40:19Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == djsjloetikh044x0hqe6j23xo8gvnof 885121 885120 2026-07-20T09:41:15Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885121 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == fiumr5j3tp0fbfht5vnyjff2uunh77r 885122 885121 2026-07-20T09:43:09Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == dyvrqzc94vlt97zl83ov434w290lsyy 885123 885122 2026-07-20T09:44:06Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == qkpm0a929yoje5uuvrke8lun4ranu9p 885124 885123 2026-07-20T09:45:15Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == o5hh3ej4duw42007e1n14cooyn87x0i 885125 885124 2026-07-20T09:52:05Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekara 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4ur0g5wfpb75ae1tj8stqil5iizk09f 885126 885125 2026-07-20T09:54:36Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekara 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == ko55nzl90g0webv97rjtvavbwl3278a 885127 885126 2026-07-20T09:56:28Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekara 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == bxgft76mu2zvrvlvadtscvvu9ptdiu1 885130 885127 2026-07-20T09:59:55Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekara 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Amma, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 4hmz5n5m1gm2xdtzyqi5htcb1y7pqq1 885132 885130 2026-07-20T10:00:48Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekarar 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarar 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Ammah, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == c3evm2lgtzyylqfiom7auhyjw20isbp 885137 885132 2026-07-20T10:04:37Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a shekarar 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekarar 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarar 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Ammah, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin shekarar 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekararshekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin shekara ta 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin shekara ta 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin shekara ta 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 8cer6ga47ithu26qjougl0cxwc9uh4t 885140 885137 2026-07-20T10:06:36Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a shekarar 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa shekara ta 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekarar 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarar 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan karshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Ammah, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin 1991, an yiwa DCAN bikin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shine inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shine hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin shekarar 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekararshekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin shekara ta 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin shekara ta 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin shekara ta 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == 33x067gsllhxwk0hnahrhai2h5aphw2 885143 885140 2026-07-20T10:10:20Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a shekarar 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa shekara ta 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekarar 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarar 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan k ƙarshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Ammah, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1991, an yiwa DCAN biƙin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shi ne inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shi ne hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin shekarar 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin shekara ta 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin shekara ta 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin shekara ta 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin 2006 da 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == tmwmwtlrhcwce5msxoxs0ko3wjqdeg0 885144 885143 2026-07-20T10:11:36Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a shekarar 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa shekara ta 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekarar 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarar 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan k ƙarshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Ammah, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1991, an yiwa DCAN biƙin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shi ne inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shi ne hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin shekarar 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin shekara ta 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin shekara ta 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin shekara ta 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin 2008 da 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == t4thc1d72pl9k40vmxip96byqiskol6 885145 885144 2026-07-20T10:12:37Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 885145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Flag of Moroccan Naval Group Commander (Captain).svg|thumb|tutar naval group na moroko]] [[Fayil:Logo Naval Special Warfare Development Group.svg|thumb|alamu naval special walfare ]] '''Naval Group''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Direction des Constructions Navales''' ko '''DCNS''' [[Faransa|) babban dan]] kwangila ne na kare hakkin dan adam na duniya da na [[Faransa]] da kuma wani rukunin masana'antu da suka kware a dandalin tsaro na ruwa da kuma makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Kungiyar tana aiki kusa da mutane 16,000 a kasashe 18. Kamfanin mallakar wani bangare ne daga kamfanin Agence des participations de l'État, wani kamfani ne mai zaman kansa wanda kasar Faransa ta mallaki kaso 62.49%, Thales yana da 35% yayin da ma'aikata ke da kaso 1.64%. Ragowar 0.87% mallakin magaji ne na tashar jiragen ruwa na Faransa da kuma ''Direction des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN), wanda ya zama DCN ( ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' ) a 1991, DCNS a shekarar 2007 da Naval Group tun daga 2017. == Tarihi == Naval Group yana da kayan tarihi kusan shekaru 400. An gina manyan filayen jirgi a Faransa a Brest (1631), Nantes-Indret (1771), Lorient (1778) kuma, daga baya, a Cherbourg (1813). Wasu kuma su bi. Tun farkon 1926, abin da muka sani a matsayin Rukunin Naval a yau ya riga ya mallaki duk abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta mallaka yanzu a cikin ƙasar Faransa. === Haihuwar tashoshin jiragen ruwa === A shekarar 1624, Cardinal Richelieu, wanda shi ne Louis na XII na Firayim Ministan Faransa a lokacin, ya kirkiro da manufofin sojan ruwa wanda ya tanadi ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa don bai wa Faransa isasshen ikon teku don ta yi takara da ta Ingila. An aiwatar da wannan manufar daga shekara ta 1631, tare da ƙirƙirar jiragen ruwa na Ponant a cikin Atlantika da kuma jiragen ruwa na Levant a cikin Bahar Rum, da Brest dockyards da kuma fadada [[Toulon|ƙauyukan Toulon]], waɗanda aka kirkira ƙarƙashin Henri IV .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|title=ASNOM - Association Amicale Santé Navale et d'Outre Mer|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214193911/http://www.asnom.org/oh/en/0210_historique.php?PHPSESSID=ae629fb09017c051eba6ce41ae8fd119#a|url-status=dead}}</ref> Manufa ta ci gaba da manufar ta Colbert, Ministan Sojan Ruwa na Louis XIV, wanda ya kirkiro manyan mashigar ruwa da yawa. Ya tsawaita shingaye a Toulon, ya ba da umarnin a tona ragunan a Brest kuma ya kafa tashar jiragen ruwa ta Rochefort. Hisansa, Seignelay, wanda ya gaje shi a shekarar 1683, ya bi sawun sa.<ref>[http://www.ecole-navale.fr/History-of-the-French-naval.htm - Extension on the French dockyards]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Networ kungiyar jiragen ruwan Sojan Ruwa ta Faransa ta kara ƙarfi a ƙarni na 18. A cikin shekara ta 1750, Marquis de Montalembert ya canza tsohuwar masana'antar takarda ta zama masana'antar ƙirƙira ƙira a Ruelle-sur-Touvre . A cikin shekarar 1777, Antoine de Sartine, Ministan Navy na XVI, ya buɗe mahaɗa igwa kusa da filayen jiragen ruwa a Indret. A cikin wannan shekarar, an fara aikin inganta tashar jirgin ruwa a Cherbourg, wanda aka kammala a 1813. A cikin shekarar 1778, jiragen ruwan na Lorient sun yi nasarar cin nasarar ''kamfanin La Compagnie des Indes du port de L'Orient'' .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/fr-shipbuilding.htm|title=French Shipbuilding Industry|author=John Pike|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> An rufe tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Rochefort a cikin 1926. A cikin shekara ta 1937, an buɗe kafa a Saint-Tropez a kan tsohon rukunin kamfanin Schneider, wanda ya ƙware a cikin torpedoes. A wannan lokacin, yawancin rukunonin rukunin Faransa na Rukunin Naval sun riga sun wanzu, kuma ba su sake ba tun daga lokacin. === Masana'antu da kere-kere na kere kere === A cikin karni na 19, jiragen ruwa na ruwa sun sami canji yayin da aka maye gurbin jiragen ruwan da jiragen ruwa. Shafukan sun kasance na masana'antu kuma sannu-sannu kwararru. A cikin shekarar 1865, tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Brest sun zama sojoji na musamman, tare da rufe [[Penfeld|tashar Penfeld]] zuwa jiragen ruwa na kasuwanci. A cikin shekarar 1898, bayan da suka ƙware a ginin jirgi tare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa maimakon jirgi, filayen jirgi a Cherbourg an ɗora su ne kawai tare da gina jiragen ruwa na ƙasan ruwa. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 1927, wata doka ta ba da cikakken bayani game da misalan filayen jiragen ruwa daban-daban: <ref>Decree of 22 avril 1927 on the Navy's organization, Journal Officiel de la République Française, 1927</ref> Brest da Lorient an ɗora musu alhakin gina manyan jiragen ruwa, Cherbourg tare da kera jiragen ruwa, yayin da Toulon, [[Bizerte]] da [[Birnin Ho Chi Minh|Saigon]] suka ɗauki nauyin kula da rundunar. [[Fayil:Outdoor group portrait of the officers of the Royal Australian Naval College on the occasion of its official opening at Osborne House AWM 305342.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Wannan fahimtar matsayin na tashar jiragen ruwan ya kasance tare da sabbin fasahohin kere-kere da na soji da kuma kera jiragen ruwa a wani matakin da ya dace, kan asalin tseren makamai da mulkin mallaka. A cikin 1858, Gloire, jirgi na farko da ke zuwa teku a duniya ya tashi daga ƙofar ruwa a Toulon. Shekarun 1860 sun ga isowar jiragen ruwa na farko na jirgin ruwa da na ruwa, tare da ƙaddamar da Plongeur a 1863. Matsalolin fasaha da wannan jirgin ruwan da aka fara amfani da shi da farko ya fuskanta ya nuna cewa ya kasance samfurin ne maimakon jirgin yakin aiki. Amma hakan ya bude hanyar gina Gymnote a shekarar 1886 da ''Le Narval'' a shekara ta 1899, wadanda sune jiragen ruwa na farko a jirgin ruwa wadanda suka fara aiki a tarihi. Hakanan an ƙaddamar da samar da jiragen ruwa masu nauyi a cikin shekara ta 1910s. An gina jiragen ruwa da yawa kafin farkon [[Yaƙin Duniya na I|Yaƙin Duniya na]] ,aya, kuma rundunar ta sami ƙarfi ta hanyar Richelieu mai nauyin 35,000 a cikin 1939. === Sake tsara ayyukan === A cikin shekara ta 1946, nazari game da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Faransa sun kammala aikin mallakar shafukan yanar gizo daban-daban da aka sanar a cikin dokar 1927. An dorawa Brest aikin samarwa da gyara manyan jiragen ruwa, Lorient tare da gina kananan jiragen ruwa masu matsakaici, Cherbourg tare da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa da Toulon tare da gyara da kula da jiragen. Daga cikin wuraren da ke cikin teku, Indret ya karɓi ayyukan tura jirgin ruwa, Ruelle gina bindigogi, manyan sassa da kayan lantarki, Saint-Tropez samar da torpedoes da Guérigny ginin sarƙoƙin jiragen ruwa da anka. Shafuka guda biyar suna kasashen waje: Mers el-Kébir, Bizerte, [[Dakar]], Diego-Suarez da Papeete . Har zuwa shekara ta 1961, rundunar sojan ruwan Faransa ta gyara da kuma gyara jirgin kanta, ta hanyar ''Directions des Constructions et Armes Navales'' (DCAN) a cikin mashigar ruwa. Injiniyoyin da ke aiki a cikin DCAN sun kasance jami'ai ne a bangaren injiniyan sojojin ruwan Faransa. A wannan lokacin, mashigar ruwa ta balle daga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa, inda suka samar da dama don fadada ayyukansu a cikin shekarun 1970s. DCAN guda ɗaya ta rufe duk manyan yankuna da ƙofar ruwa na ƙetare, suna ba da rahoto ga ''Direction Technique des Constructions Navales'' (DTCN). Hakanan, DTCN ya kasance mai ba da amsa ga ''Délégation Ministérielle pour l'Armement'' (DMA), wanda Michel Debré ya kafa . A cikin shekarar 1977, la DMA ya zama ''Délégation Générale de l'Armement'' (DGA). Manufar wannan garambawul ita ce ta sanya duk wata rundunar soja da ke aiki karkashin ikon gwamnati ta tsara dukkanin karfin rundunonin soji da karfinsu. <ref>Yves FREVILLE, "La réorganisation du MCO et la création du service de soutien de la flotte", Information report by the French Senate n°426, 2005</ref> A cikin shekarar 1958, ƙaddamar da hukuma ta Janar de Gaulle na shirin nukiliyar sojan Faransa da manufofin hanawa ya haifar da sake fasalin masana'antar tsaro da fasahar tsaro. Aikin Cœlacanthe ya tattaro DTCN da Faransancin Alternative Energies da Atomic Energy Commission, kuma a cikin shekara ta 1971, Redoutable, jirgin ruwan makami mai linzami na farko da Faransa ta harba, ya fara aiki. === Canzawa zuwa kamfani === Yanayin tattalin arziƙin ƙasa da mulkin mallaka a cikin shekarar 1970s ya jagoranci DCAN don shiga cikin sababbin kasuwanni. Asarar jiragen ruwan na ƙetare na ƙasashen waje sun haɗu da rage yawan buƙatun Sojojin Ruwa na Faransa don jiragen ruwa da ƙara wahala wajen samun kuɗi. Wannan yanayin ya kara saurin tafiya bayan k ƙarshen yakin cacar baka, duk da yawan ayyukan DCAN, wanda a yanzu ya hada da kiyaye hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki da share ma'adinai daga bakin teku. Wasu rukunin yanar gizo kuma sun kware a ayyukan farar hula: Brest ya gina manyan motoci, Guérigny ya kera injunan noma kuma Toulon ya samar da jiragen ruwa na farar hula (yachts, liners). Ammah, duba bayan littattafan umarni, yanayin jama'a ne na DCAN wanda a hankali aka fara tambayarsa, kuma aka dauke shi a matsayin cikas na gudanarwa ga ci gaban tasirin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Faransa. Wannan canjin ya faru a matakai da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1991, an yiwa DCAN biƙin DCN (Direction des Construction Navales). A cikin wannan shekarar, an ƙirƙiri DCN International. Manufar wannan PLC shi ne inganta ayyukan DCN akan sikelin duniya da kuma sauƙaƙe fitar da kayan sa zuwa ƙasashen waje. A cikin shekarar 1992, ayyukan DCN na jihar suna haɗe da sashen Shirye-shiryen Naval (SPN), wanda shi ne hukumar da ke ba da kwangilar jiragen ruwa na sojojin ruwan Faransa. Tun daga wannan lokacin, DCN tana da alhakin ayyukan masana'antu ne kawai, yayin da ta kasance wani ɓangare na DGA. Wannan canjin matsayin ya baiwa DCN International damar samarwa da DCN tallafi na kasuwanci da kuma na shari'a wajen bunkasa kasuwancin ta na duniya tun karshen shekarun 1990s. Dabarar ci gaban da DCN International ta bi ta haifar da sanya hannu kan manyan kwangiloli da yawa. A cikin shekarar 1994, Agosta -klass guda uku zuwa Pakistan, kuma, a cikin shekara ta 1997, Scorpène-class An gina jiragen ruwa don jiragen ruwa don Chile. An kuma ci kwangila a shekarar 2000 don samar da Formidable -klass guda shida frigates zuwa Singapore. A cikin shekarar 2007, an sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Malesiya don jiragen ruwa na Scorpène biyu, ta hannun reshen Armaris.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/france-submarine-import-and-export-behavior/|title=France Submarine Import and Export Behavior - NTI|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> DCN ta kuma sami kwangila a fannin hako mai daga waje. A cikin shekarar 1997, shafin Brest ya sabunta dandamalin Sedco 707 kuma yanzu yana gina SFX nau'ikan matatun mai. <ref>[http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-58/issue-5/news/special-report/global-developments-spur-french-contracting-business.html - Global developments spur French contracting business, 1998]</ref> A cikin shekara ta 1999, DCN ta zama hukuma tare da hukumar ƙasa (SCN), tana ba da rahoto kai tsaye ga Ma'aikatar Tsaro. A ƙarshe, a cikin shekarar 2001, gwamnatin Faransa ta yanke shawarar canza DCN zuwa cikakken kamfani mai zaman kansa mai ikon mallakar kamfanoni. Canjin matsayi ya fara aiki a cikin shekarar 2003. DCN ta zama kawai DCN, wacce ta daina tsayawa don ''Direction des Constructions Navales'' . === Ci gaba da ci gaba da ƙungiyar DCNS === [[File:Dcns_quadri.jpg|thumb|Logo na DCNS daga 2007 zuwa 2017]] A cikin shekarar 2007, DCN ta sami reshen ayyukan sojan ruwan Faransa na Thales, Armaris, tsohon reshen da aka raba daidai tsakanin DCN da Thales, da MOPA2, kamfanin da ke kula da aikin don kera jirgi na biyu. Don ƙarfafa sabon asalinsa, ƙungiyar da aka samu sunan ta DCNS. Thales sun sami kaso 25% a cikin babban rukunin ƙungiyar. A cikin shekarar 2011, Thales ya haɓaka rabonsa na babban birnin DCNS zuwa 35%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-World-Defence-Industry/DCNS-France.html|title=Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's - IHS|access-date=27 April 2016}}</ref> Ginin keɓaɓɓen frigata mai aiki ( FREMM ) ya fara a 2007. A shekarar 2008, wani jirgi mara matuki ya sauka a kan jirgin ruwa a teku a karon farko a tarihi. A cikin shekarar 2013, ƙungiyar ta kafa DCNS Research don haɓaka ayyukanta na bincike. An kafa DCNS Indiya a cikin shekara ta 2008, saboda kwangila biyu da aka sanya hannu a cikin 2005 da 2008 don isar da jiragen ruwa na zamani guda shida na Scorpène. Hakazalika, a cikin shekara ta 2013, an buɗe wani yanki na yin jirgin ruwa a cikin [[Brazil]]. Ungiyar ta ƙirƙiri Jami'ar DCNS a cikin shekara ta 2013 don isar da horo na ciki da waje. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2017, DCNS ya canza suna zuwa Kungiyar Naval == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:DCNS-1000-IMG 8609.jpg|thumb|Naval Group]] Ayyukan Naval na Rukuni na iya kasu kashi biyu a manyan fannoni biyu: tsaron sojan ruwa, babban kasuwancin kungiyar (jiragen ruwa, jiragen ruwa, gudanar da shirye-shiryen gudanar da karfi), da [[Makamashi|samar]] da makamashi da abubuwan ci gaban ruwa (makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa, makamashin nukiliya na farar hula, gina jiragen ruwa tushe da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki). === Kariyar jirgin ruwa === Naval Group ya tsara, haɓakawa da sarrafa shirye-shiryen aiki na tsarin ruwa da na ruwa, da kuma tsarin haɗin gwiwa da abubuwan more rayuwa. A matsayina na mai gudanar da aiki da kuma hada karfi da karfe, Rukunin Sojan Ruwa ya tsoma baki tare da dukkanin darajojin, daga shirin shirin dabaru, zuwa tsara, gini da kuma gudanar da shirye-shiryen aiki. Worksungiyar tana aiki tare da sojojin ruwan Faransa da sauran sojojin ruwa, don samfuran al'ada, kuma tare da izinin gwamnatin Faransa. Hakanan yana ba da ƙwarewar soja ga Sojan Sama na Faransa don tsara keɓaɓɓiyar kewayawa da tsarin yaƙi, da kuma gyara jirgin sama. === Tsarin jiragen ruwa na ruwa === * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: FREMM -girgin frigates * Frigates masu yawa-manufa: Tsarin Jirgin Ruwa na ƙarni na biyu don Royal Navy na Royal, bisa ga Gowind-class corvette * Air frigates: Horizon-class frigates * Matsakaici-tannage tasoshin: Gowind-class corvettes * Masu jigila: French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle * Masu Mistral helikofta : Mistral -class LHD * Gina jiragen sama marasa matuka ga sojojin ruwa === Jirgin ruwa na ruwa da makamai na karkashin ruwa === * Jirgin ruwa na ruwa na Scorpène aji, Andrasta aji da Attack aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: jirgin ruwan nukiliya mai linzami na jirgin nukiliya Triomphant aji da Redoutable aji * Jirgin ruwan Nukiliya: Rubis aji da Barracuda aji * Ka'idojin haɗin gwiwa: jerin ''Sous-Marin Experimental'' (SMX) na kamfanin sun bincika ra'ayoyin ci gaba game da yaƙin jirgin ruwa. <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> Inaya daga cikin jerin - SMX-25 - an tsara shi don isa cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo cikin hanzari ta hanyar saurin saman sama sannan kuma yayi aiki azaman ruwan karkashin ruwa. <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> <ref>{{Citation}}</ref> * F21 manyan motoci masu nauyi * MU90 motocin nauyi masu nauyi === Hanyoyin samar da makamashi da na ruwa === Kungiyar ta hada kai da EDF , da CEA da AREVA wajen gina tashoshin wutar lantarki na EPR da kuma kula da tashoshin samar da makamashin nukiliya. Rukunin Sojan Ruwa kuma yana gina tsire-tsire da wutar lantarki mai amfani da lantarki da kuma tasoshin jiragen ruwa. Designedungiyar ta tsara tashoshin wutar lantarki a Mayotte, La Réunion da Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Tun shekara ta 2008, suna ta nazarin wata ma'anar ƙaramar tashar nukiliya (50 zuwa 250 MWe) mai suna Flexblue .<ref>http://www.lemonde.fr/depeches/2011/01/20/le-reacteur-sous-marin-nouveau-fleuron-de-l-industrie-nucleaire-francaise_3244_108_44231151.html{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Rukunin Naval yana saka hannun jari a cikin fasahohin ruwa guda uku masu sabuntawa: injinan ruwa na yanzu, jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a cikin teku, da kuma iska mai yawo a iska. Tun lokacin da ta sami ikon kamfanin Irish na OpenHydro a cikin 2013, Naungiyar Naval ta sami ci gaba daga ɓangaren bincike da haɓaka zuwa masana'antar masana'antu.<ref>{{cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS prend le contrôle d'Openhydro|work=Mer et Marine|year=2013|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-prend-le-controle-dopenhydro}}</ref> == Nauyin kamfanoni == Naval Group tana aiki da shirye-shirye da yawa don haɓaka horo da haɗakar ƙwararru. Hasungiyar ta sanya hannu kan ''Pacte PME'', wanda ke haɓaka dangantaka tsakanin manyan kamfanoni da ƙananan masana'antu da kuma kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da manyan jami'o'i da cibiyoyin ilimi. Tsakanin shekara ta 2006 zuwa 2013, DCNS ta shirya ''Trophée Poséidon'' don ɗalibai a makarantun injiniya, wanda ya ba da lada ga ayyukan ɗalibai a fannonin kirkire-kirkire da yanayin teku. Tsakanin shekara ta 2008 zuwa 2014, Naval Group ta kuma gudanar da shirin haɗakarwa na kwararru don duka mutanen da ke da ƙwarewar fasaha da kuma mutane ba tare da kowane ƙwarewa ba, wanda ake kira ''Filières du Talent'' . A cikin shekarar 2010, wannan shirin ya sami lada ta ''Trophée national 2010 de l'entreprise citoyenne'' .<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=DCNS reçoit le Trophée National de l'Entreprise Citoyenne|url=http://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/dcns-recoit-le-trophee-national-de-lentreprise-citoyenne|work=Mer et Marine|access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Hakanan DCNS ta kasance cikin duniyar yachting shekaru da yawa ta hanyar musayar fasahohin ta kuma ta hanyar tallafawa da ayyukan nasiha. k''ungiyar ƙawancen Grand-Prix de l ' École Navale ne'', <ref>{{Cite web|title=Partners|url=http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|work=GPEN|access-date=2014-09-18|archive-date=2014-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065648/http://www.gpen.fr/en/partners-pxl-23.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> wani regatta da aka gudanar kusa da yankin tsibirin Crozon tun shekara ta 2001. Hakanan ya kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na ''Pôle France Voile'' a Brest tun shekara ta 2007, kuma yana aiki don ƙwarewar ƙwararrun tsoffin 'yan wasa da matan wasanni. A cikin 2008, DCNS ta gina ƙwallon ƙafa guda ɗaya DCNS 1000, jirgin ruwan da aka tsara don tsere-zagaye na duniya, wanda aka nuna a cikin fim ɗin 2013 ''En Solitaire'', na Christophe Offenstein, wanda François Cluzet ya fito . A yau, Naval Group ya kuma raba ƙwarewar fasaharsa a cikin kayan haɗi don ƙwanƙwasawa da kuma cikin tsarin kewayawa ta hanyar gina gwajin gwaji ''<nowiki/>'L' Hydroptère'', <ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> kuma ta haɗu da ƙungiyar Areva Challenge da ta halarci Kofin Amurka a 2007. Industrialungiyar masana'antar Naval Group a Toulon ta kasance abokiyar haɗin gwiwar kulob din rugby na Toulon tun daga 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Partenariat DCNS|url=http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|work=RC Toulon|access-date=2014-09-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924042117/http://www.rctoulon.com/fr/news/article/partenariat-dcns/|archive-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> == Kungiya == Naval Group kamfani ne mai iyakantaccen kamfani wanda ƙasar [[Faransa|Faransa ke]] riƙe da hannun jarin 62.49%. A Thales kungiyoyin riko 35% na babban birnin kasar, da kuma sauran 2,51% ana yi har na kamfanin & ma'aikata hannun jari . A ƙarshen 2016, Naungiyar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki mutane 12,771 aiki, fiye da rabi daga cikinsu ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, yayin da ɗayan rabin ma'aikatan gwamnati ne. Isungiyar tana cikin ƙasashe 18 kuma ta shiga ƙawance da yawa a wajen Faransa ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa. === Gudanarwa === * Shugaba da Shugaba: Hervé Guillou * Mataimakin Shugaban, Ci Gaban: Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt * Mataimakin Shugaban, Kudi, Doka & Sayayya: Frank Le Rebeller == Bayanin kudi == {| class="wikitable" ! !2012 !2013 |- |Koma (biliyan €) |3.36 |2.93 |- |Umarni masu ƙarfi (biliyan €) |2.53 |2.27 |- |Littafin oda (biliyan €) |14.46 |13.22 |- |Riba mai aiki (miliyan €) |208.5 |166.4 |- |Net riba (miliyan €) |163.7 |104.1 |- |} == Shafuka == === A Faransa === Naval Group yana aiki da shafuka 10 a Faransa. Kowane rukunin yanar gizo yana da ƙwarewa a cikin wani aikin na musamman. * Bagneux: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Brest: ayyuka, shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa da na ruwa, kiyaye kayayyakin masarufin tashar jiragen ruwa na Navy, makamashin ruwa mai sabuntawa. Gidan yanar gizon yana cikin ƙauyukan Brest, a yankin Froutven da kan Île Longue . Mai ruwa da tsaki ne a ''Pôle Mer Bretagne'' . * Cherbourg: samar da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa * Toulon-Ollioules: tsarin bayanai da sa ido * Lorient: tsarin tsaro na ruwa * Nantes-Indret da Tekun Teknocampus: jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa, bincike da ci gaba, tursasa [[makaman nukiliya]]. Co-wanda ya kafa cibiyar ingantaccen [[Kamfanin EMC|EMC]] * Paris: babban ofishin kungiyar * Ruelle-sur-Touvre: jiragen ruwa na ruwa, na atomatik tsarin, simulators, horo * Saint-Tropez: makamai na karkashin ruwa (torpedoes) * Toulon: aiyuka, kiyaye jiragen ruwa da jigilar jirgin sama na Charles de Gaulle === Duniya === Naval Group yana da ofisoshi a Australia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Chile, United Arab Emirates, Girka, [[Indiya|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Norway da Pakistan. Hakanan ana wakiltar ƙungiyar a duk faɗin duniya ta hanyar rassa da haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda suke mallakar su gaba ɗaya ko aiki tare da wasu kamfanoni.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|title=DCNS|author=Astrid APERT|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006074115/http://www.armement.ead-minerve.fr/index.php/8-industries/37-dcns|archive-date=6 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Turai-Gabas ta Tsakiya === * Faransa: ** Sirehna, wani kamfani ne na 100%: hydrodynamics naval, hanyoyin kewaya jiragen ruwa da saukar da [[Magani|mafita]] ga jiragen ruwa, kasa ko jiragen sama da jirage ** Sabis ɗin Kula da Yanayi, ƙungiya ce ta kashi 49%, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Veolia Environnement: kayayyakin more rayuwa da yawa ** Kership, ƙawancen haɗin gwiwa na kashi 45%, tare da Piriou: jiragen ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi na ƙasar Faransa * Ireland: ** OpenHydro, wani kamfani ne na 62% mallakar Naval Energies: injin turbin na yanzu * Saudi Arabiya: ** Tallafin DCNS, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Naungiyar valungiyar Naval Group na shirye shiryen aiki === Asiya-Fasifik === * Indiya: ** Rukunin Naval Group India, kamfani na 100% mallakar: tallafi don ayyukan fasaha da bincike a cikin filayen jirgin ruwan ruwa na cikin gida * Malaysia: ** DCNS Malaysia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: taimako ga Rukunin Naval a cikin ayyukan cikin gida ** Kamfanin Naus na Boustead DCNS, kamfani na 40% mallakar, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Boustead: shirye-shiryen aiki na jiragen ruwa * Singapore: ** DCNS Far East, wani kamfani ne na 100%: kayan aiki da kulawa don tsarin jiragen ruwa da na iska da na teku * Ostiraliya ** Rukunin Naval Group Australia, kamfani na 100% mallakar: an ba da kwangilar SEA1000 a cikin 2016 azaman DCNS Ostiraliya ta Gwamnatin Australiya . Wanda ke da alhakin zana jiragen ruwa na Goma goma sha biyu masu zuwa na Royal Australian Navy . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204073921/http://dcnsgroup.com.au/who-we-are/history/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2015-12-04|title=History - DCNS Australia|work=DCNS Australia|access-date=2017-03-04|language=en-US}}</ref> === Amurka === * Brazil: ** Rukunin Naval do Brasil, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na kungiyar a Brazil ** Prosin, wani kamfani ne na 100% mallakar Naval Group do Brasil: Hakkin injiniyan injiniyan ruwa a cikin Brazil ** Itaguaí Construções Navais, wata ƙungiya ce ta kashi 41%, tare da haɗin gwiwar Gwamnatin Brazil : gina jiragen ruwa a ƙarƙashin wani ɓangare na kwangilar da DCNS ya sanya hannu tare da Sojojin Ruwa na Brazil . * Kanada: ** DCNS Technologies Canada Inc, wani kamfani ne na 100%: ofishin tallace-tallace na ƙungiyar a Kanada == Rigima == DCN / DCNS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a "ɗayan manyan rikice-rikicen siyasa da na kuɗi na Faransa na ƙarni na ƙarshe [wanda ya bar] tafarkin mutuwar mutane takwas da ba a bayyana ba, kusan dala biliyan biliyan cikin ɓatattun kuɗaɗe da zarge-zargen damuwa na haɗin gwiwar gwamnati" wanda aka haɗa da sayar da jiragen ruwan yaki ga Taiwan a cikin 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Hugh|last=Schofield|author-link=Hugh Schofield|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|title=Book delves into frigate scandal|date=1 December 2003|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=29 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714070546/http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3244148.stm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Tun_Razak.JPG|thumb|Jirgin ruwa mai aji mai nauyi na Scorpène kafin isarwa zuwa Malaysia]] Baya ga batutuwan da suka shafi sayar da jiragen ruwa ga Taiwan da aka ambata a sama, masu shigar da kara na Faransa sun fara binciken laifuka da yawa na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin 2010 da ya shafi tallace-tallace daban-daban na karkashin ruwa, tare da yiwuwar cin hanci da rashawa da kuma cin hanci ga manyan jami'ai a Faransa. Musamman abubuwan da masu shigar da kara suka nuna shine sayar da jiragen ruwa masu saukar ungulu samfurin Scorpène ga kasashe kamar India da Malaysia. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia Sentinel - Malaysia's Submarine Scandal Surfaces in France |url=http://asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |access-date=2021-06-10 |archive-date=2011-07-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706041353/http://www.asiasentinel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2406&Itemid=178 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kungiyar kare hakkin dan adam ta Suaram ce ta sanya binciken a Malaysia saboda ya shafi Firayim Minista Najib Tun Razak lokacin da yake ministan tsaro da kuma abokinsa Abdul Razak Baginda <ref>{{Cite web|title=French legal team in Malaysia to probe sub deal|date=28 April 2010|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100501133515/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/fmt-english/news/general/4993-french-legal-team-in-malaysia-to-probe-sub-deal|archive-date=1 May 2010|quote=The submarine deal was crafted during the tenure of the then-Defence Minister Najib Tun Razak, now prime minister, in 2002. As a result of the pact, RM3.7 billion in commission went to Najib's closest associate Abdul Razak Baginda.}}</ref> wanda ake zargin an biya kamfaninsa Primekar wata babbar hukuma yayin sayen wasu biyu. Jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa na Scorpène. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|title=France probes corruption in arms to Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=14 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814010745/http://www.expatica.com/fr/news/french-news/france-probes-corruption-in-arms-to-malaysia_63153.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Masu binciken Faransa suna da sha'awar gaskiyar cewa an kirkiro Perimekar 'yan watanni kaɗan kafin a sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tare da gwamnatin Malaysia da DCNS kuma Firayim Minista ba shi da wani tarihi na yin hidimar jiragen ruwa kuma ba shi da ikon kuɗi don tallafawa kwangilar. <ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9FC4QF00.htm Malaysians allege graft in French submarine deal - BusinessWeek]</ref> Bincike ya kuma nuna cewa wani kamfani a Hong Kong da ake kira Terasasi Ltd wanda daraktocin su ne Razak Baginda da mahaifinsa, ya sayar da takaddun bayanan tsaron ruwan Malesiya ga DCNS.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064208/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/razak-bagindas-firm-sold-malaysian-naval-secrets-to-french-says-lawyer|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Har ila yau, a karkashin binciken akwai zargin karbar kudi da kuma kisan Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, mai fassara wanda ya yi aiki kan yarjejeniyar. <ref>{{cite news|title=French judges begins bribery probe|date=7 May 2012|work=[[Vancouver Sun]]|url=https://vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032843/http://www.vancouversun.com/business/French+judges+begins+bribery+probe/6576987/story.html}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Disambar 2015, kotunan Faransa suka tuhumi Bernard Baiocco, tsohon shugaban Thales International Asia saboda biyan diyya ga Abdul Razak Baginda. A lokaci guda ana tuhumar daraktan kamfanin kera jirgin DCN International da amfani da kadarorin kamfanoni ta hanyar da ba ta dace ba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|title=Thank You Malaysia|access-date=27 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303074709/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/french-court-indicts-duo-linked-to-scorpene-kickbacks-says-report|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|title=Scorpene scandal resurfaces, Suaram vindicated|work=Free Malaysia Today|access-date=27 April 2016|archive-date=5 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095801/http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/highlight/2016/01/29/scorpene-scandal-resurfaces-suaram-vindicated/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=France opens probe into 'bribery' of Malaysia's Najib Razak|date=4 February 2016|work=[[Financial Times]]|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fab19252-ca85-11e5-be0b-b7ece4e953a0.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Contract-winning French sub builder DCNS tied up in deadly Malaysian bribery saga|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=23 May 2016|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/contractwinning-french-sub-builder-dcns-tied-up-in-deadly-malaysian-bribery-saga-20160522-gp17ce.html}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Agustan 2016, Kafafen yada labarai na Australiya ne suka ruwaito cewa an sami kwararar rahoto mai shafi 22,000 game da jirgin ruwan karkashin ruwa mai nasaba da Scorpène da a halin yanzu Indiya ke ginawa a wani bangare na yarjejeniyar dala biliyan 3.5. Zargin da ake zargin kwararar bayanan sirri game da Scorpène an yi ikirarin cewa yana dauke ne da bayanai game da boye, na'urori masu auna sigina, karar karar jirgin karkashin ruwa a zurfin teku daban-daban, bayanan acoustic, da sauransu. <ref>{{cite news|title=Over 20,000 pages of top-secret data about India's mega submarine project leaked, says The Australian|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=23 August 2016|url=http://qz.com/764665/764665/}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sojojin Ruwa na [[Sojojin ruwan Indiya|Indiya]] sun zarga da laifin kwararar bayanan kan wasu kafofin na kasashen waje da ba a ambata suna ba, mai yiwuwa daga satar bayanan sirri.<ref>{{cite news|title='A Case of Hacking': Parrikar on Indian Navy's Submarine Data Leak|date=23 August 2016|url=https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|access-date=10 June 2021|archive-date=26 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826094437/https://www.thequint.com/india/2016/08/24/case-of-hacking-manohar-parrikar-defence-minister-on-classified-scorpene-class-submarine-data-leak-indian-navy-dcns.amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == sedw63qy7l9iweud6euej15dcy4ikmm 0 21660 884977 273341 2026-07-19T16:54:54Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gyara mukala}}{{Databox}} '''Ibrahima Musa Sambeghu''' wanda aka sani da '''Karamokho Alfa''' ko '''Alfa Ibrahim''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 1751) ya kasance shugaban addinin Fula wanda ya jagoranci jihadi wanda ya samar da imamancin Futa Jallon a cikin yankin da ake kira Guinea yanzu. Wannan shine farkon farkon jihadin Fulbe wanda ya kafa jihohin musulmai a Afirka ta Yamma. Alfa Ba, mahaifin Karamoko Alfa, ya kafa gamayyar kungiyoyin Musulmi na Fulbe kuma ya yi kira da a yi jihadi a shekarar 1725, amma ya mutu kafin fara gwagwarmayar. An kaddamar da jihadin ne a wajajen shekarar 1726 zuwa 1727. Bayan gagarumar nasara, kammala nasara a Talansan, an kafa jihar a taron tara malamai na Fulbe waɗanda kowannensu ke wakiltar ɗayan lardunan Futa Jallon. Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi shugaban jihadi. A karkashin jagorancin sa, Futa Jallon ya zama kasar musulmai ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Duk da wannan, sauran ulama takwas sun takura wa Karamokho Alfa. Wasu daga cikin sauran Malamai suna da iko fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai nadin Timbo; saboda wannan dalilin sabuwar jihar koyaushe kungiyar hadin kai ce. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance.Abubuwan da ke ciki 1 Bayan Fage 2 Jihadi 3 Sarki 4 Gado 5 Duba kuma 6 Bayanan kula da nassoshi ==Bayan Fage== Futa Jallon yanki ne mai tsauni inda kogunan Senegal da Gambiya suka hau biyu zuwa uku karni na goma sha biyar shanu sun mamaye manoman Susu da Yalunka. A wannan lokacin, makiyayan Fulbe sun fara kaura zuwa yankin, suna kiwo da dabbobinsu a plateaux. Da farko sun aminta da matsayi na lumana zuwa ga Susu da Yalunka. hudu Al’ummomin Fulbe da na Mandé sun yi cakuduwa da juna har zuwa wani lokaci, kuma wanda ya fi zama a cikin Fulbe din ya zo ya yi wa ‘yan uwansu makiyaya kallon raini. biyar Turawa sun fara kafa ofisoshin kasuwanci a gefen tekun Guinea na sama a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, suna ƙarfafa haɓakar fata da fata da bayi. Makiyayan Fulbe sun fadada garkensu domin biyan bukatar fata. Sun fara gasa ƙasa tare da masu noma, kuma suka zama masu sha'awar cinikin bayi mai riba. hudu Abokan kasuwancinsu musulmai sun kara rinjayi su shida A cikin rubu'in karshe na karni na goma sha bakwai mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi na Zawāyā Nasir al-Din ya ƙaddamar da jihadi don dawo da tsabtar kiyaye addini a yankin Futa Toro zuwa arewa. Ya sami goyon baya daga dangin malamai na Torodbe a kan mayaƙan, amma a shekarar 1677 an ci nasara da motsi. shida Wasu daga cikin Torodbe sun yi hijira kudu zuwa Bundu wasu kuma sun ci gaba zuwa Futa Jallon. bakwai Torodbe, dangin Fulbe na Futa Jallon, sun tasirantu da su zuwa ga rungumar wani nau'in addinin Islama mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi. ==Jihadi== Karamokho Alfa yana cikin GuineaKaramokho Alfa Karamokho Alfa babban birnin Timbo a cikin Guinea ta zamani. An kaddamar da jihadi a wajajen shekarar 1726 ko shekarar 1727.Wannan motsi ya kasance da farko na addini, kuma shugabanninsa sun hada da Mandé da Fulbe marabouts.Jihadin ya kuma jawo hankalin wasu Fulbe wadanda ba Musulmi ba, wadanda suka danganta shi ba kawai ga Musulunci ba amma tare da 'yancin Fulbe daga yin biyayya ga mutanen Mandé. Wasu Fulbe wadanda ba musulmi ba da shugabannin Yalunka wadanda ba musulmi ba sun yi adawa da shi A bisa ga al'adar, Ibrahim Sori ya fara yakin ne a shekarar 1727 ta hanyar lalata takobin da Yalunka yake yi da takobinsa.Daga nan sai masu jihadi suka sami babbar nasara a Talansan.Rukunin musulmai sun ci karfin wanda ba musulmi ba sau goma, suka kashe da yawa daga masu adawa da su.Bayan wannan nasarar an kafa jihar a taron malamai na Fulbe tara wadanda kowannensu ke wakiltar daya daga cikin lardunan Futa Jallon.Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, ba shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban jihadi.Ya dauki lakabin almami, ko kuma "imami". Karkashin jagorancinsa Futa Jallon ya zama kasar Musulmi ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a kusan shekarar 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance. ==Sarauta== Sauran Ulama takwas ne suka takura wa Karamokho Alfa, kowannensu yana mulkin lardinsa, ko diwal. Tsarin sabuwar jihar Fulbe yana da almami a kanta, Karamokho Alfa shi ne na farko, tare da siyasarsa babban birni a Timbo. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin sauran Malaman sunada karfi fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai narkar da Timbo. Babban birnin addini ya kasance a Fugumba, inda majalisar mashawarta ta zauna. Majalisar tayi aiki a matsayin karfinta na karfin almami, kuma ulama ta rike ikon cin gashin kanta da yawa, saboda haka sabuwar jihar koyaushe ta kasance tarayyar da take kwance. Karamokho Alfa ya shahara da karantarwar addinin Islama da tsoron Allah (S.W.A) Ya girmama haƙƙin tsofaffin "masanan ƙasa", yana mai cewa "Allah ne ya kafa su." Duk da wannan hukuncin, limamai sun tanadi damar sake sanya filaye, tunda sun rike ta amana ne ga mutane. A zahiri wadanda suka mallaki kadarorin ba a raba su da muhallansu ba, amma yanzu sun bayar da Zakka a matsayin kudin haya. Karamoko Alfa ya mulki kasar ta tsarin mulki har zuwa 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ta sa shi ya kasance cikin rashin nutsuwa da tunani kuma aka zabi Sori a matsayin shugaba na zahiri. ==Legacy== Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance. An zabi Ibrahim Sori Mawdo bayan gazawar Alfa Saliu, dan Karamoko Alfa, wanda ya yi karami sosai.Ibrahim Sori babban kwamandan sojoji ne wanda ya fara jerin yaƙe-yaƙe. Bayan shekaru da yawa na rikici, Ibrahim Sori ya sami gagarumar nasara a shekarar 1776 wanda ya karfafa ikon kasar Fulbe. Jihadi ya cimma burinta kuma Ibrahim Sori ya zama almami. A ƙarƙashin Ibrahima Sori an sayar da bayi don samun kayan yaƙi da ake buƙata don yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan an dauke shi karbabbe matukar dai bayi ba musulmai ba ne. Jihadin ya samar da wadatattun bayi daga al’ummomin da suka sha kashi wanda watakila ya samar da dalilin ci gaba da yakoki. Ajin mulki na Fulbe ya zama masu wadata bayi da kuma dillalan bayi. An kafa kauyukan bayi, wadanda mazaunansu ke ba da abinci ga iyayen gidansu na Fulba don cinyewa ko sayarwa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2013 Fulbe sun kasance mafi yawan kabilu a Guinea da kashi 40% na yawan jama'a, bayan Malinke (30%) da Susu (20%).Jihadi a Futa Jallon ya biyo bayan jihadi a Futa Toro tsakanin 1769 da 1776 wanda Sileymaani Baal ya jagoranta. Wanda ya fi girma a cikin jihadin Fulani ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malamin nan Usman dan Fodio kuma ya kafa Khalifanci na Sakkwato a cikin 1808, ya fadada zuwa inda yake a yanzu arewacin Najeriya. An kafa kasar Masina ta Fulbe a kudancin Timbuktu a 1818. [Yara a ƙauyen Doucky da ke Futa Jallon a cikin Shekara ta 2005 Karamokho Alfa ya zama ana tunaninsa a matsayin waliyi. An ba da labari game da mu'ujiza da ta faru fiye da shekaru ɗari bayan mutuwarsa. Shugaban Ouassoulounké, Kondé Buraima, ya buɗe kabarin Karamokho Alfa ya yanke hannun hagu na gawar. Jini ya zubo daga yanke wuyan hannu, wanda ya sa Kondé Buraima ya gudu da tsoro. ==Duba kuma== '''Bayanan kula da nassoshi:''' BAn ba Ibrahima Sambeghu sunan "Karamokho Alfa" a matsayin shi na babba. "Karamokho" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Mandinka kuma "Alfa" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Fula. Shugabannin Fulbe diwe sun yi amfani da taken "Alfa", ko "malami". Karamokho Alfa shine Alfa na Timbo Diwal. Lardunan su ne Labé, Buriya, Timbi, Kebaali, Kollade, Koyin, Fugumba da Fode Haaji. Kakanin Ibrahima Sambeghu Mamadou Moktar Bari yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Fode Seri shi ne kakannin Seriyanke na Fougumba, Fode Seidi shi ne kakan Seidiyanke na Timbo. Jikan Fode Seidi Alfa Kikala shi ne kakan Almami Sory da Karamoko Alfa '''Bayani:''' Isichei 1997, p. 301. Ruthven 2006, shafi na. 264. Haggett 2002, shafi na. 2316. Grey 1975, shafi na. 207. Willis 1979, shafi na. 25. Grey 1975, shafi na. 205. Grey 1975, shafi na. 206. Ndukwe 1996, p. 48. Amanat & Bernhardsson 2002, p. 244. Ogot 1992, p. 289. Grey 1975, shafi na. 208. Alford 1977, shafi na. 4. Adam 1988, p. 244. Rashedi 2009, p. 38. Ogot 1992, p. 291. Agusta 2010, p. 346. Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977, p. 365. Lapidus 2002, shafi na. 418. Gomez 2002, shafi na. 72. Ogot 1992, p. 292. BA NA. Kwamitin Al'adu 1999, p. 331. Grey 1975, shafi na. 209. Willis 1979, shafi na. 28. Derman & Derman 1973, p. 20. Harrison 2003, p. 68. Thornton 1998, p. 315-316. AFRIKA :: GUINEA - CIA. Stanton et al. 2012, shafi. 148. Sanneh 1997, p '''Majiya:'''Adamu, Mahadi (1988-11-01). Makiyaya na Savanna Afirka ta Yamma. Jami'ar Jami'ar Manchester. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7190-2248-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-11."AFRIKA :: GUINEA". CIA. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Alford, Terry (1977). Yarima Cikin Bayi. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. shafi na. 4. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-504223-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Amanat, Abbas; Bernhardsson, Magnus T. (2002-02-09). Tunanin Endarshen: Wahayin wahayi daga Tsohon Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Amurka ta zamani. I.B.Tauris. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-86064-724-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Derman, William; Derman, Louise (1973). Ma'aikatan Serfs Socialst. Jami'ar California Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-01728-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gomez, Michael A. (2002-07-04). Pragmatism a cikin Zamanin Jihad: Preasar Mulkin Bundu. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-52847-4</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gray, Richard (1975-09-18). Tarihin Cambridge na Afirka. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Haggett, Bitrus (2002). Encyclopedia na Duniyar Duniya. Marshall Cavendish. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7614-7306-0</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-03-04. Harrison, Christopher (2003-09-18). Faransa da Islama a Afirka ta Yamma, 1860-1960. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 68. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-54112-1</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977-04-21). Tarihin Cambridge na Islama :. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Isichei, Elizabeth (1997-04-13). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Afirka har zuwa 1870. Cambridge University Press. shafi na. 301. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-45599-2</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Lapidus, Ira M. (2002-08-22). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Islama. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 418. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Ndukwe, Pat I. (1996). Fulani. Rosungiyar enabi'ar Rosen. shafi na. 48. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8239-1982-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10 Ogot, Betwell Allan (2010). História Geral da África - Vol. V - África do século XVI ao XVIII. UNESCO. shafi na. 346. <nowiki>ISBN 978-85-7652-127-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Rashedi, Khorram (Janairu 2009). Histoire du Fouta-Djallon. Harmattan. shafi na. 38. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-296-21852-9</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-11. Ruthven, Malise (2006-02-24). Musulunci a Duniya. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-977039-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Sanneh, Lamin O. (1997). Kambi da rawani: Musulmai da Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Littattafai na asali. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8133-3058-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Stanton, Andrea L.; Ramsamy, Edward; Seybolt, Peter J.; Elliott, Carolyn M. (2012-01-05). Al'adu na Zamani na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Asiya, da Afirka: An Encyclopedia. SAGE. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4129-8176-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Thornton, John (1998-04-28). Afirka da 'yan Afirka a cikin Yin duniyar Atlantic, 1400-1800. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-62724-5</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Al'adun UN Comité de (1999-01-01). Histoire générale de l'Afrique.: Juzu'i na V, L'Afrique du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-3-201711-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Willis, John Ralph (1979). Nazarin Tarihin Musulunci na Afirka ta Yamma. Cass. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7146-1737-4</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. ==Manazarta== ftjarn8bae909kng6ar9z2qb54qxsrs 884979 884977 2026-07-19T17:00:17Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gyara mukala}}{{Databox}} '''Ibrahima Musa Sambeghu''' wanda aka sani da '''Karamokho Alfa''' ko '''Alfa Ibrahim''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 1751) ya kasance shugaban addinin Fula wanda ya jagoranci jihadi wanda ya samar da imamancin Futa Jallon a cikin yankin da ake kira Guinea yanzu. Wannan shine farkon farkon jihadin Fulbe wanda ya kafa jihohin musulmai a Afirka ta Yamma. Alfa Ba, mahaifin Karamoko Alfa, ya kafa gamayyar kungiyoyin Musulmi na Fulbe kuma ya yi kira da a yi jihadi a shekarar 1725, amma ya mutu kafin fara gwagwarmayar. An kaddamar da jihadin ne a wajajen shekarar 1726 zuwa 1727. Bayan gagarumar nasara, kammala nasara a Talansan, an kafa jihar a taron tara malamai na Fulbe waɗanda kowannensu ke wakiltar ɗayan lardunan Futa Jallon. Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi shugaban jihadi. A karkashin jagorancin sa, Futa Jallon ya zama kasar musulmai ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Duk da wannan, sauran ulama takwas sun takura wa Karamokho Alfa. Wasu daga cikin sauran Malamai suna da iko fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai nadin Timbo; saboda wannan dalilin sabuwar jihar koyaushe kungiyar hadin kai ce. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance.Abubuwan da ke ciki 1 Bayan Fage 2 Jihadi 3 Sarki 4 Gado 5 Duba kuma 6 Bayanan kula da nassoshi ==Bayan Fage== Futa Jallon yanki ne mai tsauni inda kogunan Senegal da Gambiya suka hau biyu zuwa uku karni na goma sha biyar shanu sun mamaye manoman Susu da Yalunka. A wannan lokacin, makiyayan Fulbe sun fara kaura zuwa yankin, suna kiwo da dabbobinsu a plateaux. Da farko sun aminta da matsayi na lumana zuwa ga Susu da Yalunka. hudu Al’ummomin Fulbe da na Mandé sun yi cakuduwa da juna har zuwa wani lokaci, kuma wanda ya fi zama a cikin Fulbe din ya zo ya yi wa ‘yan uwansu makiyaya kallon raini. biyar Turawa sun fara kafa ofisoshin kasuwanci a gefen tekun Guinea na sama a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, suna ƙarfafa haɓakar fata da fata da bayi. Makiyayan Fulbe sun fadada garkensu domin biyan bukatar fata. Sun fara gasa ƙasa tare da masu noma, kuma suka zama masu sha'awar cinikin bayi mai riba. hudu Abokan kasuwancinsu musulmai sun kara rinjayi su shida A cikin rubu'in karshe na karni na goma sha bakwai mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi na Zawāyā Nasir al-Din ya ƙaddamar da jihadi don dawo da tsabtar kiyaye addini a yankin Futa Toro zuwa arewa. Ya sami goyon baya daga dangin malamai na Torodbe a kan mayaƙan, amma a shekarar 1677 an ci nasara da motsi. shida Wasu daga cikin Torodbe sun yi hijira kudu zuwa Bundu wasu kuma sun ci gaba zuwa Futa Jallon. bakwai Torodbe, dangin Fulbe na Futa Jallon, sun tasirantu da su zuwa ga rungumar wani nau'in addinin Islama mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi. ==Jihadi== Karamokho Alfa yana cikin GuineaKaramokho Alfa Karamokho Alfa babban birnin Timbo a cikin Guinea ta zamani. An kaddamar da jihadi a wajajen shekarar 1726 ko shekarar 1727.Wannan motsi ya kasance da farko na addini, kuma shugabanninsa sun hada da Mandé da Fulbe marabouts.Jihadin ya kuma jawo hankalin wasu Fulbe wadanda ba Musulmi ba, wadanda suka danganta shi ba kawai ga Musulunci ba amma tare da 'yancin Fulbe daga yin biyayya ga mutanen Mandé. Wasu Fulbe wadanda ba musulmi ba da shugabannin Yalunka wadanda ba musulmi ba sun yi adawa da shi A bisa ga al'adar, Ibrahim Sori ya fara yakin ne a shekarar 1727 ta hanyar lalata takobin da Yalunka yake yi da takobinsa.Daga nan sai masu jihadi suka sami babbar nasara a Talansan.Rukunin musulmai sun ci karfin wanda ba musulmi ba sau goma, suka kashe da yawa daga masu adawa da su.Bayan wannan nasarar an kafa jihar a taron malamai na Fulbe tara wadanda kowannensu ke wakiltar daya daga cikin lardunan Futa Jallon.Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, ba shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban jihadi.Ya dauki lakabin almami, ko kuma "imami". Karkashin jagorancinsa Futa Jallon ya zama kasar Musulmi ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a kusan shekarar 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance. ==Sarauta== Sauran Ulama takwas ne suka takura wa Karamokho Alfa, kowannensu yana mulkin lardinsa, ko diwal. Tsarin sabuwar jihar Fulbe yana da almami a kanta, Karamokho Alfa shi ne na farko, tare da siyasarsa babban birni a Timbo. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin sauran Malaman sunada karfi fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai narkar da Timbo. Babban birnin addini ya kasance a Fugumba, inda majalisar mashawarta ta zauna. Majalisar tayi aiki a matsayin karfinta na karfin almami, kuma ulama ta rike ikon cin gashin kanta da yawa, saboda haka sabuwar jihar koyaushe ta kasance tarayyar da take kwance. Karamokho Alfa ya shahara da karantarwar addinin Islama da tsoron Allah (S.W.A) Ya girmama haƙƙin tsofaffin "masanan ƙasa", yana mai cewa "Allah ne ya kafa su." Duk da wannan hukuncin, limamai sun tanadi damar sake sanya filaye, tunda sun rike ta amana ne ga mutane. A zahiri wadanda suka mallaki kadarorin ba a raba su da muhallansu ba, amma yanzu sun bayar da Zakka a matsayin kudin haya. Karamoko Alfa ya mulki ƙasar ta tsarin mulki har zuwa 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ta sa shi ya kasance cikin rashin nutsuwa da tunani kuma aka zabi Sori a matsayin shugaba na zahiri. ==Legacy== Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance. An zabi Ibrahim Sori Mawdo bayan gazawar Alfa Saliu, dan Karamoko Alfa, wanda ya yi karami sosai.Ibrahim Sori babban kwamandan sojoji ne wanda ya fara jerin yaƙe-yaƙe. Bayan shekaru da yawa na rikici, Ibrahim Sori ya sami gagarumar nasara a shekarar 1776 wanda ya karfafa ikon kasar Fulbe. Jihadi ya cimma burinta kuma Ibrahim Sori ya zama almami. A ƙarƙashin Ibrahima Sori an sayar da bayi don samun kayan yaƙi da ake buƙata don yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan an dauke shi karbabbe matukar dai bayi ba musulmai ba ne. Jihadin ya samar da wadatattun bayi daga al’ummomin da suka sha kashi wanda watakila ya samar da dalilin ci gaba da yakoki. Ajin mulki na Fulbe ya zama masu wadata bayi da kuma dillalan bayi. An kafa kauyukan bayi, wadanda mazaunansu ke ba da abinci ga iyayen gidansu na Fulba don cinyewa ko sayarwa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2013 Fulbe sun kasance mafi yawan kabilu a Guinea da kashi 40% na yawan jama'a, bayan Malinke (30%) da Susu (20%).Jihadi a Futa Jallon ya biyo bayan jihadi a Futa Toro tsakanin 1769 da 1776 wanda Sileymaani Baal ya jagoranta. Wanda ya fi girma a cikin jihadin Fulani ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malamin nan Usman dan Fodio kuma ya kafa Khalifanci na Sakkwato a cikin shekarar 1808, ya fadada zuwa inda yake a yanzu arewacin Najeriya. An kafa kasar Masina ta Fulbe a kudancin Timbuktu a 1818. [Yara a ƙauyen Doucky da ke Futa Jallon a cikin Shekara ta 2005 Karamokho Alfa ya zama ana tunaninsa a matsayin waliyi. An ba da labari game da mu'ujiza da ta faru fiye da shekaru ɗari bayan mutuwarsa. Shugaban Ouassoulounké, Kondé Buraima, ya buɗe kabarin Karamokho Alfa ya yanke hannun hagu na gawar. Jini ya zubo daga yanke wuyan hannu, wanda ya sa Kondé Buraima ya gudu da tsoro. ==Duba kuma== '''Bayanan kula da nassoshi:''' BAn ba Ibrahima Sambeghu sunan "Karamokho Alfa" a matsayin shi na babba. "Karamokho" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Mandinka kuma "Alfa" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Fula. Shugabannin Fulbe diwe sun yi amfani da taken "Alfa", ko "malami". Karamokho Alfa shine Alfa na Timbo Diwal. Lardunan su ne Labé, Buriya, Timbi, Kebaali, Kollade, Koyin, Fugumba da Fode Haaji. Kakanin Ibrahima Sambeghu Mamadou Moktar Bari yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Fode Seri shi ne kakannin Seriyanke na Fougumba, Fode Seidi shi ne kakan Seidiyanke na Timbo. Jikan Fode Seidi Alfa Kikala shi ne kakan Almami Sory da Karamoko Alfa '''Bayani:''' Isichei 1997, p. 301. Ruthven 2006, shafi na. 264. Haggett 2002, shafi na. 2316. Grey 1975, shafi na. 207. Willis 1979, shafi na. 25. Grey 1975, shafi na. 205. Grey 1975, shafi na. 206. Ndukwe 1996, p. 48. Amanat & Bernhardsson 2002, p. 244. Ogot 1992, p. 289. Grey 1975, shafi na. 208. Alford 1977, shafi na. 4. Adam 1988, p. 244. Rashedi 2009, p. 38. Ogot 1992, p. 291. Agusta 2010, p. 346. Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977, p. 365. Lapidus 2002, shafi na. 418. Gomez 2002, shafi na. 72. Ogot 1992, p. 292. BA NA. Kwamitin Al'adu 1999, p. 331. Grey 1975, shafi na. 209. Willis 1979, shafi na. 28. Derman & Derman 1973, p. 20. Harrison 2003, p. 68. Thornton 1998, p. 315-316. AFRIKA :: GUINEA - CIA. Stanton et al. 2012, shafi. 148. Sanneh 1997, p '''Majiya:'''Adamu, Mahadi (1988-11-01). Makiyaya na Savanna Afirka ta Yamma. Jami'ar Jami'ar Manchester. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7190-2248-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-11."AFRIKA :: GUINEA". CIA. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Alford, Terry (1977). Yarima Cikin Bayi. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. shafi na. 4. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-504223-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Amanat, Abbas; Bernhardsson, Magnus T. (2002-02-09). Tunanin Endarshen: Wahayin wahayi daga Tsohon Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Amurka ta zamani. I.B.Tauris. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-86064-724-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Derman, William; Derman, Louise (1973). Ma'aikatan Serfs Socialst. Jami'ar California Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-01728-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gomez, Michael A. (2002-07-04). Pragmatism a cikin Zamanin Jihad: Preasar Mulkin Bundu. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-52847-4</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gray, Richard (1975-09-18). Tarihin Cambridge na Afirka. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Haggett, Bitrus (2002). Encyclopedia na Duniyar Duniya. Marshall Cavendish. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7614-7306-0</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-03-04. Harrison, Christopher (2003-09-18). Faransa da Islama a Afirka ta Yamma, 1860-1960. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 68. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-54112-1</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977-04-21). Tarihin Cambridge na Islama :. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Isichei, Elizabeth (1997-04-13). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Afirka har zuwa 1870. Cambridge University Press. shafi na. 301. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-45599-2</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Lapidus, Ira M. (2002-08-22). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Islama. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 418. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Ndukwe, Pat I. (1996). Fulani. Rosungiyar enabi'ar Rosen. shafi na. 48. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8239-1982-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10 Ogot, Betwell Allan (2010). História Geral da África - Vol. V - África do século XVI ao XVIII. UNESCO. shafi na. 346. <nowiki>ISBN 978-85-7652-127-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Rashedi, Khorram (Janairu 2009). Histoire du Fouta-Djallon. Harmattan. shafi na. 38. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-296-21852-9</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-11. Ruthven, Malise (2006-02-24). Musulunci a Duniya. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-977039-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Sanneh, Lamin O. (1997). Kambi da rawani: Musulmai da Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Littattafai na asali. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8133-3058-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Stanton, Andrea L.; Ramsamy, Edward; Seybolt, Peter J.; Elliott, Carolyn M. (2012-01-05). Al'adu na Zamani na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Asiya, da Afirka: An Encyclopedia. SAGE. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4129-8176-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Thornton, John (1998-04-28). Afirka da 'yan Afirka a cikin Yin duniyar Atlantic, 1400-1800. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-62724-5</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Al'adun UN Comité de (1999-01-01). Histoire générale de l'Afrique.: Juzu'i na V, L'Afrique du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-3-201711-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Willis, John Ralph (1979). Nazarin Tarihin Musulunci na Afirka ta Yamma. Cass. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7146-1737-4</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. ==Manazarta== k8vkxiu8yadtfjv9ixk6zndnma7wc25 884981 884979 2026-07-19T17:02:30Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gyara mukala}}{{Databox}} '''Ibrahima Musa Sambeghu''' wanda aka sani da '''Karamokho Alfa''' ko '''Alfa Ibrahim''' (ya mutu a shekara ta 1751) ya kasance shugaban addinin Fula wanda ya jagoranci jihadi wanda ya samar da imamancin Futa Jallon a cikin yankin da ake kira Guinea yanzu. Wannan shine farkon farkon jihadin Fulbe wanda ya kafa jihohin musulmai a Afirka ta Yamma. Alfa Ba, mahaifin Karamoko Alfa, ya kafa gamayyar kungiyoyin Musulmi na Fulbe kuma ya yi kira da a yi jihadi a shekarar 1725, amma ya mutu kafin fara gwagwarmayar. An kaddamar da jihadin ne a wajajen shekarar 1726 zuwa 1727. Bayan gagarumar nasara, kammala nasara a Talansan, an kafa jihar a taron tara malamai na Fulbe waɗanda kowannensu ke wakiltar ɗayan lardunan Futa Jallon. Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi shugaban jihadi. A karkashin jagorancin sa, Futa Jallon ya zama kasar musulmai ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Duk da wannan, sauran ulama takwas sun takura wa Karamokho Alfa. Wasu daga cikin sauran Malamai suna da iko fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai nadin Timbo; saboda wannan dalilin sabuwar jihar koyaushe kungiyar hadin kai ce. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance.Abubuwan da ke ciki 1 Bayan Fage 2 Jihadi 3 Sarki 4 Gado 5 Duba kuma 6 Bayanan kula da nassoshi ==Bayan Fage== Futa Jallon yanki ne mai tsauni inda kogunan Senegal da Gambiya suka hau biyu zuwa uku karni na goma sha biyar shanu sun mamaye manoman Susu da Yalunka. A wannan lokacin, makiyayan Fulbe sun fara kaura zuwa yankin, suna kiwo da dabbobinsu a plateaux. Da farko sun aminta da matsayi na lumana zuwa ga Susu da Yalunka. hudu Al’ummomin Fulbe da na Mandé sun yi cakuduwa da juna har zuwa wani lokaci, kuma wanda ya fi zama a cikin Fulbe din ya zo ya yi wa ‘yan uwansu makiyaya kallon raini. biyar Turawa sun fara kafa ofisoshin kasuwanci a gefen tekun Guinea na sama a cikin karni na goma sha bakwai, suna ƙarfafa haɓakar fata da fata da bayi. Makiyayan Fulbe sun fadada garkensu domin biyan bukatar fata. Sun fara gasa ƙasa tare da masu noma, kuma suka zama masu sha'awar cinikin bayi mai riba. hudu Abokan kasuwancinsu musulmai sun kara rinjayi su shida A cikin rubu'in karshe na karni na goma sha bakwai mai ra'ayin kawo sauyi na Zawāyā Nasir al-Din ya ƙaddamar da jihadi don dawo da tsabtar kiyaye addini a yankin Futa Toro zuwa arewa. Ya sami goyon baya daga dangin malamai na Torodbe a kan mayaƙan, amma a shekarar 1677 an ci nasara da motsi. shida Wasu daga cikin Torodbe sun yi hijira kudu zuwa Bundu wasu kuma sun ci gaba zuwa Futa Jallon. bakwai Torodbe, dangin Fulbe na Futa Jallon, sun tasirantu da su zuwa ga rungumar wani nau'in addinin Islama mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi. ==Jihadi== Karamokho Alfa yana cikin GuineaKaramokho Alfa Karamokho Alfa babban birnin Timbo a cikin Guinea ta zamani. An kaddamar da jihadi a wajajen shekarar 1726 ko shekarar 1727.Wannan motsi ya kasance da farko na addini, kuma shugabanninsa sun hada da Mandé da Fulbe marabouts.Jihadin ya kuma jawo hankalin wasu Fulbe wadanda ba Musulmi ba, wadanda suka danganta shi ba kawai ga Musulunci ba amma tare da 'yancin Fulbe daga yin biyayya ga mutanen Mandé. Wasu Fulbe wadanda ba musulmi ba da shugabannin Yalunka wadanda ba musulmi ba sun yi adawa da shi A bisa ga al'adar, Ibrahim Sori ya fara yakin ne a shekarar 1727 ta hanyar lalata takobin da Yalunka yake yi da takobinsa.Daga nan sai masu jihadi suka sami babbar nasara a Talansan.Rukunin musulmai sun ci karfin wanda ba musulmi ba sau goma, suka kashe da yawa daga masu adawa da su.Bayan wannan nasarar an kafa jihar a taron malamai na Fulbe tara wadanda kowannensu ke wakiltar daya daga cikin lardunan Futa Jallon.Ibrahima Sambeghu, wanda ya zama sananne da Karamokho Alfa, ba shi ne magajin garin Timbo kuma ɗayan malami tara ne. An zabe shi a matsayin shugaban jihadi.Ya dauki lakabin almami, ko kuma "imami". Karkashin jagorancinsa Futa Jallon ya zama kasar Musulmi ta farko da kungiyar Fulbe ta kafa. Karamoko Alfa ya yi mulkin mulkin mallaka har zuwa shekarar 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ya sa shi ya zama mai rashin hankali kuma an zaɓi Sori a matsayin de a zahiri shugaba. Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a kusan shekarar 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance. ==Sarauta== Sauran Ulama takwas ne suka takura wa Karamokho Alfa, kowannensu yana mulkin lardinsa, ko diwal. Tsarin sabuwar jihar Fulbe yana da almami a kanta, Karamokho Alfa shi ne na farko, tare da siyasarsa babban birni a Timbo. Koyaya, wasu daga cikin sauran Malaman sunada karfi fiye da Karamokho Alfa, wanda kai tsaye ya mulki kawai narkar da Timbo. Babban birnin addini ya kasance a Fugumba, inda majalisar mashawarta ta zauna. Majalisar tayi aiki a matsayin karfinta na karfin almami, kuma ulama ta rike ikon cin gashin kanta da yawa, saboda haka sabuwar jihar koyaushe ta kasance tarayyar da take kwance. Karamokho Alfa ya shahara da karantarwar addinin Islama da tsoron Allah (S.W.A) Ya girmama haƙƙin tsofaffin "masanan ƙasa", yana mai cewa "Allah ne ya kafa su." Duk da wannan hukuncin, limamai sun tanadi damar sake sanya filaye, tunda sun rike ta amana ne ga mutane. A zahiri wadanda suka mallaki kadarorin ba a raba su da muhallansu ba, amma yanzu sun bayar da Zakka a matsayin kudin haya. Karamoko Alfa ya mulki ƙasar ta tsarin mulki har zuwa 1748, lokacin da yawan ibadarsa ta sa shi ya kasance cikin rashin nutsuwa da tunani kuma aka zabi Sori a matsayin shugaba na zahiri. ==Legacy== Karamokho Alfa ya mutu a wajajen Shekarar 1751 kuma Ibrahim Sori, dan uwansa ne ya gaje shi a hukumance. An zabi Ibrahim Sori Mawdo bayan gazawar Alfa Saliu, dan Karamoko Alfa, wanda ya yi karami sosai.Ibrahim Sori babban kwamandan sojoji ne wanda ya fara jerin yaƙe-yaƙe. Bayan shekaru da yawa na rikici, Ibrahim Sori ya sami gagarumar nasara a shekarar 1776 wanda ya karfafa ikon kasar Fulbe. Jihadi ya cimma burinta kuma Ibrahim Sori ya zama almami. A ƙarƙashin Ibrahima Sori an sayar da bayi don samun kayan yaƙi da ake buƙata don yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan an dauke shi karbabbe matukar dai bayi ba musulmai ba ne. Jihadin ya samar da wadatattun bayi daga al’ummomin da suka sha kashi wanda watakila ya samar da dalilin ci gaba da yakoki. Ajin mulki na Fulbe ya zama masu wadata bayi da kuma dillalan bayi. An kafa kauyukan bayi, wadanda mazaunansu ke ba da abinci ga iyayen gidansu na Fulba don cinyewa ko sayarwa. Ya zuwa shekarar 2013 Fulbe sun kasance mafi yawan kabilu a Guinea da kashi 40% na yawan jama'a, bayan Malinke (30%) da Susu (20%).Jihadi a Futa Jallon ya biyo bayan jihadi a Futa Toro tsakanin 1769 da 1776 wanda Sileymaani Baal ya jagoranta. Wanda ya fi girma a cikin jihadin Fulani ya kasance karkashin jagorancin malamin nan Usman dan Fodio kuma ya kafa Khalifanci na Sakkwato a cikin shekarar 1808, ya fadada zuwa inda yake a yanzu arewacin Najeriya. An kafa kasar Masina ta Fulbe a kudancin Timbuktu a 1818. [Yara a ƙauyen Doucky da ke Futa Jallon a cikin Shekara ta 2005 Karamokho Alfa ya zama ana tunaninsa a matsayin waliyi. An ba da labari game da mu'ujiza da ta faru fiye da shekaru ɗari bayan mutuwarsa. Shugaban Ouassoulounké, Kondé Buraima, ya buɗe kabarin Karamokho Alfa ya yanke hannun hagu na gawar. Jini ya zubo daga yanke wuyan hannu, wanda ya sa Kondé Buraima ya gudu da tsoro. ==Duba kuma== '''Bayanan kula da nassoshi:''' BAn ba Ibrahima Sambeghu sunan "Karamokho Alfa" a matsayin shi na babba. "Karamokho" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Mandinka kuma "Alfa" na nufin malami a cikin yaren Fula. Shugabannin Fulbe diwe sun yi amfani da taken "Alfa", ko "malami". Karamokho Alfa shine Alfa na Timbo Diwal. Lardunan su ne Labé, Buriya, Timbi, Kebaali, Kollade, Koyin, Fugumba da Fode Haaji. Kakanin Ibrahima Sambeghu Mamadou Moktar Bari yana da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Fode Seri shi ne kakannin Seriyanke na Fougumba, Fode Seidi shi ne kakan Seidiyanke na Timbo. Jikan Fode Seidi Alfa Kikala shi ne kakan Almami Sory da Karamoko Alfa '''Bayani:''' Isichei 1997, p. 301. Ruthven 2006, shafi na. 264. Haggett 2002, shafi na. 2316. Grey 1975, shafi na. 207. Willis 1979, shafi na. 25. Grey 1975, shafi na. 205. Grey 1975, shafi na. 206. Ndukwe 1996, p. 48. Amanat & Bernhardsson 2002, p. 244. Ogot 1992, p. 289. Grey 1975, shafi na. 208. Alford 1977, shafi na. 4. Adam 1988, p. 244. Rashedi 2009, p. 38. Ogot 1992, p. 291. Agusta 2010, p. 346. Holt, Lambton & Lewis 1977, p. 365. Lapidus 2002, shafi na. 418. Gomez 2002, shafi na. 72. Ogot 1992, p. 292. BA NA. Kwamitin Al'adu 1999, p. 331. Grey 1975, shafi na. 209. Willis 1979, shafi na. 28. Derman & Derman 1973, p. 20. Harrison 2003, p. 68. Thornton 1998, p. 315-316. AFRIKA :: GUINEA - CIA. Stanton et al. 2012, shafi. 148. Sanneh 1997, p '''Majiya:'''Adamu, Mahadi (1988-11-01). Makiyaya na Savanna Afirka ta Yamma. Jami'ar Jami'ar Manchester. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7190-2248-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-11."AFRIKA :: GUINEA". CIA. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Alford, Terry (1977). Yarima Cikin Bayi. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. shafi na. 4. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-504223-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Amanat, Abbas; Bernhardsson, Magnus T. (2002-02-09). Tunanin Endarshen: Wahayin wahayi daga Tsohon Gabas ta Tsakiya zuwa Amurka ta zamani. I.B.Tauris. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-86064-724-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Derman, William; Derman, Louise (1973). Ma'aikatan Serfs Socialst. Jami'ar California Press. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-520-01728-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gomez, Michael A. (2002-07-04). Pragmatism a cikin Zamanin Jihad: Preasar Mulkin Bundu. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-52847-4</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Gray, Richard (1975-09-18). Tarihin Cambridge na Afirka. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-20413-2</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Haggett, Bitrus (2002). Encyclopedia na Duniyar Duniya. Marshall Cavendish. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7614-7306-0</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-03-04. Harrison, Christopher (2003-09-18). Faransa da Islama a Afirka ta Yamma, 1860-1960. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 68. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-54112-1</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977-04-21). Tarihin Cambridge na Islama :. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-29137-8</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Isichei, Elizabeth (1997-04-13). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Afirka har zuwa 1870. Cambridge University Press. shafi na. 301. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-45599-2</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10.Lapidus, Ira M. (2002-08-22). Tarihin Soungiyoyin Islama. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. shafi na. 418. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Ndukwe, Pat I. (1996). Fulani. Rosungiyar enabi'ar Rosen. shafi na. 48. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8239-1982-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10 Ogot, Betwell Allan (2010). História Geral da África - Vol. V - África do século XVI ao XVIII. UNESCO. shafi na. 346. <nowiki>ISBN 978-85-7652-127-3</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Rashedi, Khorram (Janairu 2009). Histoire du Fouta-Djallon. Harmattan. shafi na. 38. <nowiki>ISBN 978-2-296-21852-9</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-11. Ruthven, Malise (2006-02-24). Musulunci a Duniya. Jami'ar Oxford ta Latsa. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-19-977039-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Sanneh, Lamin O. (1997). Kambi da rawani: Musulmai da Yammacin Afirka da yawa. Littattafai na asali. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-8133-3058-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Stanton, Andrea L.; Ramsamy, Edward; Seybolt, Peter J.; Elliott, Carolyn M. (2012-01-05). Al'adu na Zamani na Gabas ta Tsakiya, Asiya, da Afirka: An Encyclopedia. SAGE. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-4129-8176-7</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Thornton, John (1998-04-28). Afirka da 'yan Afirka a cikin Yin duniyar Atlantic, 1400-1800. Jami'ar Jami'ar Cambridge. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-521-62724-5</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Al'adun UN Comité de (1999-01-01). Histoire générale de l'Afrique.: Juzu'i na V, L'Afrique du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle. UNESCO. <nowiki>ISBN 978-92-3-201711-6</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. Willis, John Ralph (1979). Nazarin Tarihin Musulunci na Afirka ta Yamma. Cass. <nowiki>ISBN 978-0-7146-1737-4</nowiki>. An dawo da 2013-02-10. ==Manazarta== 730kvjnygpls4q0gj98rgxevs8m704r 4 21908 885067 884740 2026-07-19T21:26:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci 885067 wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. Kada ku gyara wannan shafin, duk chanjin da akayi, robot zaya yi overwriting din shi a lokacin sabunta shafin. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numba !Edita !Gudummuwa !Lokacin rajista |- |1 |[[User:Atikin C|Atikin C]] |[[Special:Contributions/Atikin C|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 16 ga Yuli 2026 |- |2 |[[User:Giorgospap21|Giorgospap21]] |[[Special:Contributions/Giorgospap21|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 16 ga Yuli 2026 |- |3 |[[User:Yusif yahaya|Yusif yahaya]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yusif yahaya|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 16 ga Yuli 2026 |- |4 |[[User:CVNCTATOR|CVNCTATOR]] |[[Special:Contributions/CVNCTATOR|Gudummuwa]] |Alhamis, 16 ga Yuli 2026 |- |5 |[[User:Wheezythewave|Wheezythewave]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wheezythewave|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |6 |[[User:Idoiz|Idoiz]] |[[Special:Contributions/Idoiz|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |7 |[[User:Ndamangoro|Ndamangoro]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ndamangoro|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |8 |[[User:Stirz117|Stirz117]] |[[Special:Contributions/Stirz117|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |9 |[[User:MrOvn0wl|MrOvn0wl]] |[[Special:Contributions/MrOvn0wl|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |10 |[[User:コウティン|コウティン]] |[[Special:Contributions/コウティン|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |11 |[[User:Kolkatarchobiwala|Kolkatarchobiwala]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kolkatarchobiwala|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |12 |[[User:Wafflesandpancakes academia23learner|Wafflesandpancakes academia23learner]] |[[Special:Contributions/Wafflesandpancakes academia23learner|Gudummuwa]] |Jumma'a, 17 ga Yuli 2026 |- |13 |[[User:Nabin K. 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[[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Sadiya Salisu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Sadiya Salisu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 10:10, 29 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> as7nqnn0c1dt9p601ygu7fjqvmppvos 3 24511 885032 871981 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885032 wikitext text/x-wiki Sunana Abdulmutallib Ibrahim Salisu daga Jos ina matukar alfahari da bada gudunmuwa a Wikipedia {{welcome}} [[User:Gwanki|Gwanki]] ([[User talk:Gwanki|talk]]) 08:11, 30 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 09:17, 30 ga Augusta, 2021 (UTC) == Gyara == @[[User:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu]] barkanka da Kokari malam Abdulmuddalib Sai dai kana bukatar gyara a yanayin yace kake Gudanar da aikinka kanayin aikin marar inganci wurin Kara kalmomin da Basu wuce hudu ko biyu ba Sai Kuma ka walllafa hakan Yana nuni da cewa kanasan Tara Yawan edits ne bawai gyara Mai kyau ba,don haka ka kula da kyau [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 19:37, 26 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Gargadi == Sannu da ƙoƙari @[[User:Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu|Abdulmuddalib Iabrahim Salisu]] naga kana gyara hakan nada kyau, sai dai ya kamata ka dinga gyara mai kyau. Mafi yawancin gyararrakin ka kana ƙara "Shekara ta" a cikin lambobi wanda hakan ba ƙwarewa bace ko gyara. Kamar yadda @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] yama gyara kwanakin baya ya kamata a kiyaye. Nagode .. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 17:11, 31 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> fpx6yt0gna2kzk0mmv7za7hqnywgm9x 0 25871 885242 684529 2026-07-20T11:56:08Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Pupil washes hands during COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.jpg|thumb|Wata yariya tana wanke hannu a lokacin annobar a kasar Ghana]] [[File:COVID-19 Outbreak Africa Map.svg|thumb|Taswira na nuna yanayin yanda cutar ta barke a kasashen afurika]] Annobar cutar covid-19 an tabbatar ya bazu zuwa Afirka a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2020, tare da sanar da shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a Masar.<ref name="bbc_515092482">{{cite news|title=Beijing orders 14-day quarantine for all returnees|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214210032/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Egypt Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a yankin kudu da Sahara [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|a Najeriya]] a karshen watan Fabrairu 2020. <ref name="bbc_516718342">{{cite news|title=Nigeria confirms first coronavirus case|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51671834|access-date=24 March 2020|work=BBC News|date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302181240/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51671834|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin watanni uku, kwayar cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar, kamar yadda Lesotho, ƙasar [[Afirka]] ta ƙarshe da ta tsira daga kamuwa da cutar, ta ba da rahoton shari'ar a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2020.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN22P1R42">{{Cite news|date=13 May 2020|title=Remote Lesotho becomes last country in Africa to record COVID-19 case|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514053312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|archive-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa 26 ga Mayu, da alama yawancin <ref>https://africarxiv.pubpub.org/pub/00101-hausa/release/1</ref>ƙasashen Afirka suna fuskantar watsawar al'umma, kodayake iyakancewar gwajin ba ta da iyaka.<ref name="theguardian_20200526_africa2">{{Cite web|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|name-list-style=vanc|date=26 May 2020|title=Experts sound alarm over lack of Covid-19 test kits in Africa|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/26/africa-concerned-over-lack-of-coronavirus-testing-kits|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529155322/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/26/africa-concerned-over-lack-of-coronavirus-testing-kits|archive-date=29 May 2020|access-date=29 May 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yawancin cututtukan da aka gano sun shigo daga Turai da Amurka maimakon daga China inda cutar ta samo asali.<ref name="Africa Braces2">{{cite news|last1=Maclean|first1=Ruth|name-list-style=vanc|title=Africa Braces for Coronavirus, but Slowly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/africa/coronavirus-africa-burkina-faso.html|access-date=25 March 2020|work=The New York Times|date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325014602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/africa/coronavirus-africa-burkina-faso.html|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A farkon Yuni 2021, Afirka ta fuskanci guguwar [[COVID-19 pandemic in Angola|COVID]] ta uku tare da bullar cutar a ƙasashe 14.<ref name="theguardian_20210607_third2">{{Cite web|date=7 June 2021|title=Third wave sweeps across Africa as Covid vaccine imports dry up|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/07/third-wave-sweeps-across-africa-as-covid-vaccine-imports-dry-up|access-date=9 June 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Zuwa ranar 4 ga Yuli nahiyar ta yi rikodin fiye da 251,000 sabbin cututtukan Covid, karuwar kashi 20% daga makon da ya gabata da karuwar kashi 12% daga kololuwar Janairu. Fiye da ƙasashe goma sha shida na Afirka, ciki har da Malawi da Senegal, sun sami ci gaba a sabbin lokuta.<ref name="Mendez2">{{Cite web|last=Mendez|first=Rich|name-list-style=vanc|date=2021-07-08|title=Africa suffers worst surge in Covid cases as delta variant spurs third wave of pandemic|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/08/delta-variant-africa-suffers-worst-surge-in-covid-cases-officials-brace-for-third-wave.html|access-date=2021-07-09|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi mata lakabi da 'Mafi Mutuwar Cutar Kwayar cuta ta [[Afirka]]'.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dahir|first=Abdi Latif|name-list-style=vanc|date=2021-07-08|title=Africa marks its 'worst pandemic week' yet, with cases surging and vaccine scarce, the W.H.O. says.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/08/world/africa-coronavirus-cases-who.html|access-date=2021-07-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> An yi imanin cewa akwai karancin rahoto a ƙasashe da yawa na Afirka waɗanda ba su da ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya .<ref name="theguardian_20200502_somali2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow|title=Somali medics report rapid rise in deaths as Covid-19 fears grow|vauthors=Burke J, Mumin AA|date=2 May 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519055745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da nazarin yanayin yanayi na bazara na [[Juba|shekarar 2020 a Juba]] a Sudan ta Kudu, kasa da kashi 1% na masu kamuwa da cutar sun kamu da cutar.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Wiens KE, Mawien PN, Rumunu J, Slater D, Jones FK, Moheed S, Caflisch A, Bior BK, Jacob IA, Lako RL, Guyo AG, Olu OO, Maleghemi S, Baguma A, Hassen JJ, Baya SK, Deng L, Lessler J, Demby MN, Sanchez V, Mills R, Fraser C, Charles RC, Harris JB, Azman AS, Wamala JF|display-authors=6|title=Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020¹|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=27|issue=6|pages=1598–1606|date=June 2021|pmid=34013872|pmc=8153877|doi=10.3201/eid2706.210568}}</ref> An sami sabbin bambance -bambancen damuwa game da kwayar cutar a Afirka: a cikin Fabrairu 2020 nau'in Beta a Afirka ta Kudu,<ref>{{cite web|display-authors=6|title=B.1.351 Lineage Report|url=https://outbreak.info/situation-reports?pango=B.1.351|access-date=6 June 2021|website=outbreak.info|vauthors=Latif AA, Mullen JL, Alkuzweny M, Tsueng G, Cano M, Haag E, Zhou J, Zeller M, Matteson N, Wu C, Andersen KG, Su AI, Gangavarapu K, Hughes LD}}</ref> kuma a cikin Disamba 2020 bambancin Eta a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lineage B.1.525|url=https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.525.html|access-date=6 June 2021|website=cov-lineages.org|publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606144312/https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.525.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera_20201224_new2">{{cite news|title=Another new COVID strain found in Nigeria, says Africa CDC|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/24/new-coronavirus-strain-appears-to-emerge-in-nigeria-africa-cdc|access-date=24 December 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=24 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224155910/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/24/new-coronavirus-strain-appears-to-emerge-in-nigeria-africa-cdc|url-status=live}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta samu kusan allurar rigakafin COVID-19 miliyan 300 a cikin irin wannan yarjejeniya mafi girma ga Afirka; An sanar da shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan ya kasance mai zaman kansa na ƙoƙarin Samun damar COVID-19 na Kayan Aiki (COVAX) da nufin rarraba allurar COVID-19 ga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="africanews_20210113_africa2">{{cite news|title=Africa secures 300 million COVID-19 vaccine doses in deal with manufacturers|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/13/africa-secures-300-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-deal-with-manufacturers/|access-date=13 January 2021|work=Africanews|date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114044153/https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/13/africa-secures-300-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-deal-with-manufacturers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Musamman, duk da haka, ana cajin ƙasashen Afirka fiye da ninki biyu na abin da ƙasashen Turai za su biya na wasu alluran rigakafi.<ref name="price2">{{cite news|title='Deeply Alarming': AstraZeneca Charging South Africa More Than Double What Europeans Pay for Covid-19 Vaccine|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/01/22/deeply-alarming-astrazeneca-charging-south-africa-more-double-what-europeans-pay?utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3nA6K8kP5xP0Cs49ZpPi0XVfHKKYzRyjRHnoAI90BR0Py0Mzg6c29ZNoM#Echobox=1611355596|access-date=22 January 2021|work=Common Dreams|date=22 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030808/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/01/22/deeply-alarming-astrazeneca-charging-south-africa-more-double-what-europeans-pay#Echobox=1611355596|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Bakwai (G-7) ta yi alƙawarin rarraba alluran rigakafin a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2021, kodayake ba a bayar da cikakkun bayanai ba.<ref name="apnews_92531712">{{cite news|last=Lawless|first=Jill|name-list-style=vanc|title=G-7 vows 'equitable' world vaccine access, but details scant|url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-france-london-boris-johnson-europe-7313ccb3ec3945a1f5e959f9253171f7|access-date=19 February 2021|work=AP News|date=19 February 2021|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220003025/https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-france-london-boris-johnson-europe-7313ccb3ec3945a1f5e959f9253171f7|url-status=live}}</ref> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kuma ci gaba a matsayin mai ba da allurar rigakafi ga nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Vaccine Diplomacy: COVID and the Return of Soft Power|url=https://www.theglobalist.com/vaccine-diplomacy-covid-russia-united-states-uae-africa-soft-powers/|access-date=8 June 2021|website=The Globalist|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bbc_561000762">{{Cite news|date=3 June 2021|title=Covid-19 Africa: What is happening with vaccines?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/56100076|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> Duk da wannan ci gaba da aka samu, Afirka ita ce nahiya mafi karancin allurar rigakafi a duniya.<ref name="bloomberg_20210505_rapidly2">{{Cite news|date=5 May 2021|title=Rapidly Spreading Variants Compound Africa's Coronavirus Woes|language=en|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-05/rapidly-spreading-variants-compound-africa-s-coronavirus-woes|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> A farkon Yuni 2021 Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa jigilar allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ta yi <nowiki>''</nowiki> kusan dakatarwa <nowiki>''</nowiki> a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2021|title=Alarm in Africa: Virus surges, vaccines grind to 'near halt'|url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-health-coronavirus-pandemic-business-a8666e9d04e1141fec803d41cf55b558|access-date=9 June 2021|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, hamshakin attajirin nan dan kasar Sudan da Birtaniyya mai suna Mo Ibrahim ya yi kakkausar suka ga al'ummomin kasa da kasa saboda gaza tabbatar da rarraba allurar rigakafin a fadin duniya.<ref name="apnews_060012973252">{{Cite web|date=9 June 2021|title=Billionaire philanthropist: vaccine hoarding hurts Africa|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-africa-business-coronavirus-pandemic-government-and-politics-f6b06001297325b6923bf2d20a1792fa|access-date=9 June 2021|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> Zuwa 8 ga Yuli 2021, kashi 2% na nahiyar ne kawai aka yi wa allurar.<ref name="Mendez2"/> == Tarihin gabaɗaya == Zuwa sati na biyu na Yuni 2020, Afirka ta zarce mutane 200,000 gaba ɗaya.<ref name="theguardian_20200612_global2">{{Cite web|date=12 June 2020|title=Global report: WHO warns of accelerating Covid-19 infections in Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|access-date=12 June 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612202752/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun karu cikin watan Yuni, inda nahiyar ta dauki kwanaki 98 don yin rikodin cutar 100,000 na farko, da kwanaki 18 don 100,000 na biyu. An ci gaba da hanzarin hanzarin, yayin da shari'o'i suka wuce maki 300,000 da 400,000 a ranar 6 ga Yuli. A ranar 8 ga Yuli 2020, shari'o'in sun wuce rabin miliyan. Rabin shari'o'in 500,000 da aka ruwaito a cikin nahiyar sun fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu ko Masar.<ref name="epicenter2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: How fast is it spreading in Africa?|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-fast-spreading-africa-232332271.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707213330/https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-fast-spreading-africa-232332271.html|archive-date=7 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashe goma ne ke da kashi 80% na rahoton da aka ruwaito.<ref name="epicenter2" /> Hukumar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Lafiya ta Duniya ta]] bayyana fargaba kan yaduwar cutar a Afirka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2020, inda ta bayyana cewa adadin na Afirka ta Kudu na iya zama sanadiyyar ci gaba da barkewar cutar a duk fadin nahiyar.<ref name="news24_202007212">{{Cite web|title=Covid-19: Situation in SA 'a warning' for the rest of the continent - WHO|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-situation-in-sa-a-warning-for-the-rest-of-the-continent-who-20200721|access-date=21 July 2020|website=News24|language=en|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722065232/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-situation-in-sa-a-warning-for-the-rest-of-the-continent-who-20200721|url-status=live}}</ref> Adadin ya haura miliyan daya zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, inda kasashe biyar suka kai sama da kashi 75% na adadin wadanda aka tabbatar: Afirka ta Kudu, Masar, Morocco, Habasha da Najeriya. <ref name="guardian 6august">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|title=Total confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa pass 1 million|first=Jason|last=Burke|name-list-style=vanc|date=6 August 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807120309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|url-status=live}}</ref> Lambobin gaskiya na gaskiya sun fi girma fiye da adadin da aka tabbatar, saboda ƙarancin gwajin gwaji a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka.<ref name="nytimes_20200807_world2">{{cite news|title=Africa reaches one million confirmed cases, although the true toll may be higher.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/world/covid-19-news.html#link-16eac8b3|access-date=14 August 2020|work=The New York Times|date=7 August 2020|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812151402/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/world/covid-19-news.html#link-16eac8b3|url-status=live}}</ref> Yawan mace -macen kasashen Afirka, ya yi kadan idan aka kwatanta da Turai saboda karancin shekarun alummominsu.<ref name="guardian 6august" /> A ranar 21 ga Agusta Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka (CDC) ta Afirka ta bayyana "kyakkyawan fata" yayin da adadin sabbin wadanda suka kamu ya ragu, yayin da suka yi gargadi game da rashin gamsuwa.<ref name="yahoo_1627442302">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus in Africa: 'Signs of hope' as cases level off|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-africa-signs-hope-cases-162744230.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821222421/https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-africa-signs-hope-cases-162744230.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A wasu ƙasashe, adadin masu kamuwa da cutar ya fara ƙaruwa. A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, John Nkengasong, shugaban CDC na Afirka, ya ce: "Lokaci ya yi da za a tunkari igiyar ruwa ta biyu a yanzu."<ref name="cnn_20201030_africa2">{{Cite web|last=McSweeney|first=Eoin|name-list-style=vanc|date=30 October 2020|title=Africa must prepare for second COVID wave, disease control group says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/30/africa/africa-second-covid-wave-intl/index.html|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=CNN|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030134951/https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/30/africa/africa-second-covid-wave-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, CDC na Afirka da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) sun ba da rahoton cewa tabbatattun shari'o'in suna ƙaruwa tun daga watan Yuli, musamman a Arewacin Afirka (Tunisia, Morocco da Libya). Yanayin ya daidaita a Afirka ta Kudu da Kenya, yayin da Senegal da Equatorial Guinea ke samun koma baya.<ref name="bbc_531815552">{{cite news|last1=Mwai|first1=Peter|name-list-style=vanc|title=Coronavirus: What's happening to the numbers in Africa?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555|access-date=19 November 2020|publisher=BBC Reality Check ,BBC|date=12 November 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030820/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555|url-status=live}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2021, adadin kararrakin ya karu kuma ya kai kusan 202,000 a mako mako zuwa 27 ga Yuni.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Deadly COVID-19 Delta variant taking hold in Africa|url=https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/news/deadly-covid-19-delta-variant-taking-hold-in-africa/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Sub-Saharan Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 13 ga Yuli 2021, 22 daga cikin jihohin Afirka 55 sun ba da rahoton shari'ar bambancin Delta.<ref name=":02" /> == Ƙididdiga == === Jimlar tabbatattun shari'o'i ta ƙasa === Lambobin yau da kullun ga ƙasashen Afirka da suka fi kamuwa da cutar: Yawan lamura masu aiki ta ƙasa.<ref name="SouthAfrica2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in South Africa|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-africa/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920091021/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Egypt2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Egypt|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/egypt/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194147/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/egypt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Morocco2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Morocco|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/morocco/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194149/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/morocco|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Algeria2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Algeria|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/algeria/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194148/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/algeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ghana2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Ghana|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ghana/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194309/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ghana|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cameroon2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Cameroon|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194315/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Nigeria|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nigeria/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194305/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guinea2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Guinea|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/guinea/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194307/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/guinea|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Djibouti2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Djibouti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/djibouti/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194311/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/djibouti|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ivory Coast2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cote-d-ivoire/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194326/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cote-d-ivoire|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tunisia2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Tunisia|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194314/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mauritius2">{{Cite web|url=https://besafemoris.mu/stats/|title=Mauritius Statistics|website=Besafemoris|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423221422/https://besafemoris.mu/stats/|url-status=live}}</ref> == An tabbatar da shari'o'i ta ƙasa da ƙasa == {{COVID-19 cases in Africa}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders static-row-numbers" style="margin-left:1em; text-align:right;" |+ id="904" |Summary table of confirmed cases in Africa (as of 30 September 2021) ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Confirmed cases ! scope="col" |Active confirmed cases ! scope="col" |Recoveries ! scope="col" |Deaths ! scope="col" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa|South Africa]] |2,902,672 |41,702 |2,773,344 |87,626 |<ref name="coronacount"></ref> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco|Morocco]] |933,071 |12,644 |906,160 |14,267 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia|Tunisia]] |707,190 |6,358 |675,942 |24,890 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] |345,674 |27,286 |312,806 |5,582 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Libya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Libya|Libya]] |340,084 |75,859 |259,574 |4,651 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt|Egypt]] |303,783 |30,022 |256,467 |17,294 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya|Kenya]] |249,434 |2,791 |241,520 |5,123 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia|Zambia]] |209,046 |415 |204,983 |3,648 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria|Nigeria]] |205,484 |9,301 |193,482 |2,701 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria|Algeria]] |203,359 |58,238 |139,309 |5,812 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Botswana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana|Botswana]] |179,220 |2,303 |174,549 |2,368 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique|Mozambique]] |150,662 |1,781 |146,966 |1,915 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] |130,485 |3,110 |122,759 |4,616 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia|Namibia]] |127,589 |1,112 |122,966 |3,511 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana|Ghana]] |127,482 |3,088 |123,238 |1,156 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda|Uganda]] |123,572 |24,319 |96,097 |3,156 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda|Rwanda]] |97,517 |50,769 |45,475 |1,273 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon|Cameroon]] |92,303 |10,411 |80,433 |1,459 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal|Senegal]] |73,775 |125 |71,792 |1,858 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi|Malawi]] |61,552 |4,288 |54,983 |2,281 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Côte_d'Ivoire.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] |60,138 |1,668 |57,849 |621 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |56,937 |24,995 |30,858 |1,084 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Angola.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Angola|Angola]] |56,583 |7,482 |47,564 |1,537 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion|Réunion]] |53,682 |653 |52,663 |366 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Eswatini.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini|Eswatini]] |45,924 |618 |44,086 |1,220 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar|Madagascar]] |42,898 |618 |41,322 |958 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan|Sudan]] |38,263 |3,286 |32,075 |2,902 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde|Cape Verde]] |37,576 |561 |36,676 |339 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania|Mauritania]] |35,989 |628 |34,587 |774 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea|Guinea]] |30,392 |1,192 |28,822 |378 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon|Gabon]] |29,515 |2,691 |26,641 |183 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Togo|Togo]] |25,368 |2,232 |22,908 |228 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Benin.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Benin|Benin]] |23,890 |1,738 |21,993 |159 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles|Seychelles]] |21,347 |329 |20,903 |115 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte|Mayotte]] |20,274 |17,132 |2,964 |178 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia|Somalia]] |19,980 |9,346 |9,523 |1,111 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi|Burundi]] |17,728 |16,917 |773 |38 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius|Mauritius]] |15,695 |13,757 |1,854 |84 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mali.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mali|Mali]] |15,194 |350 |14,296 |548 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho|Lesotho]] |14,395 |7,162 |6,830 |403 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |14,243 |179 |13,880 |184 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]] |14,244 |1,630 |12,421 |193 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti|Djibouti]] |12,705 |447 |12,091 |167 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] |11,371 |4,412 |6,859 |100 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan|South Sudan]] |11,995 |250 |11,617 |128 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]] |12,362 |1,207 |11,008 |147 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gambia|Gambia]] |9,934 |8 |9,588 |338 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea|Eritrea]] |6,722 |45 |6,635 |42 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]] |6,393 |1,891 |4,381 |121 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]] |6,103 |666 |5,302 |135 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=|alt=|border|18x18px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Niger|Niger]] |6,008 |53 |5,754 |201 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia|Liberia]] |5,799 |55 |5,458 |286 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Chad.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Chad|Chad]] |5,038 |8 |4,856 |174 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros|Comoros]] |4,141 |31 |3,963 |147 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Principe]] |3,459 |644 |2,765 |50 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania|Tanzania]] |1,367 |1,134 |183 |50 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara|Western Sahara]] |10 |1 |8 |1 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] |6 |1 |6 |0 |<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-2 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-3 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/2021/news/arriving-passenger-tests-positive-for-covid-19/ "Arriving Passenger Tests Positive for COVID-19"]. </cite></ref> |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;" ! scope="row" |Totals |8,357,618 |491,938 |7,654,803 |210,877 | |} == Tsarin lokaci ta ƙasa da ƙasa ==    An tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A safiyar ranar 2 ga Maris, Aljeriya ta tabbatar da sabbin shari'o'i biyu na coronavirus, mace da 'yarta.<ref name="trust_2020030123302">{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200301233025-scjao/|title=Algeria confirms two more coronavirus cases|date=2 March 2020|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302013223/https://news.trust.org/item/20200301233025-scjao/|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, Aljeriya ta ba da rahoton wasu sabbin cututtukan guda biyu na coronavirus. Sabbin kararrakin guda biyu sun fito ne daga gida daya, uba da 'ya, kuma suna zaune a Faransa.<ref name="reuters202003022">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|title=Algeria reports two new coronavirus cases, bringing the total to five|date=2 March 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530020200/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Maris, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta yi rikodin sabbin maganganu huɗu da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus, duka daga dangi ɗaya, wanda ya kawo jimlar adadin 12 da aka tabbatar.<ref name="ennaharonline_202003042">{{cite web|url=https://www.ennaharonline.com/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%83%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%83%d9%88-2/|title=ارتفاع عدد الإصابات المؤكدة بفيروس كورونا إلى 12 حالة|date=4 March 2020|website=النهار أونلاين|language=ar|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305134307/https://www.ennaharonline.com/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%83%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%83%d9%88-2/|archive-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="reuters202003023">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|title=Algeria reports two new coronavirus cases, bringing the total to five|date=2 March 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530020200/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da ƙirar ƙira ta WHO ta ƙiyasta cewa Aljeriya na fuskantar babban haɗarin yaduwar COVID-19 idan ba a ba da fifikon matakan ɗaukar hoto kamar gano lamba ba.<ref name="afro.who.int2">{{Cite web|title=New WHO estimates: Up to 190 000 people could die of COVID-19 in Africa if not controlled|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled|date=7 May 2020|website=WHO {{!}} Regional Office for Africa|language=en|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030818/https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled|url-status=live}}</ref> === Angola === A ranar 21 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a kasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|title=Angola registered its first coronavirus case|newspaper=Informanté|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402022356/https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 20 ga Maris, an rufe dukkan iyakokin Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|title=Angola closes borders for 15 days|last=Oliveira|first=Yokani|name-list-style=vanc|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402022356/https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa 18 ga Afrilu 2020, akwai jimillar mutane 19 da aka tabbatar sun mutu, biyu sun mutu sannan 6 sun warke.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: African Union Member States (52) reporting COVID-19 cases, 18th April 2020|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/africa-press-office/2020/04/18/coronavirus-african-union-member-states-52-reporting-covid-19-cases-18th-april-2020/|date=18 April 2020|website=CNBC Africa|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502104249/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/africa-press-office/2020/04/18/coronavirus-african-union-member-states-52-reporting-covid-19-cases-18th-april-2020/|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Disamba na 2020 jimlar wadanda aka tabbatar sun kai 17,433, inda 10,859 suka warke sannan 405 suka mutu. Akwai kararraki 6,169 masu aiki a karshen watan.<ref name="verangola_1220202">{{cite web|title=País com 62 novas infecções e duas mortes por covid-19|url=https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122020/Saude/23374/País-com-62-novas-infecções-e-duas-mortes-por-covid-19.htm|publisher=Ver Angola|access-date=2 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|language=pt|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030812/https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122020/Saude/23374/Pa%C3%ADs-com-62-novas-infec%C3%A7%C3%B5es-e-duas-mortes-por-covid-19.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> === Benin === A ranar 16 ga Maris 2020, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar.<ref name="trust_2020031613402">{{cite web|title=Somalia, Liberia, Benin and Tanzania confirm first coronavirus cases|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200316134048-5il6b|website=news.trust.org|date=16 March 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323194101/https://news.trust.org/item/20200316134048-5il6b|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 18 ga Afrilu, akwai jimillar wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar guda 35, mutum daya ya mutu sannan 18 sun warke.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2" /> Adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun kai 3,251 a watan Disamba. Akwai marasa lafiya 3,061 da aka murmure, mutuwar 44, da shari'o'i 146 masu aiki a ƙarshen shekara.<ref name="apanews.net2">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|publisher=APA|access-date=1 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200200/http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Botswana === A ranar 30 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki uku na farko a Botswana.<ref name="iol_457973352">{{cite web|title=Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331140206/https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335|archive-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Don hana ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar, gwamnati ta hana taron mutane sama da 50 da shigar mutane daga ƙasashen da ake ganin suna da haɗari.<ref name="mmegi_202003162">{{cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Botswana bans US, UK, China arrivals,All learning institutions to be closed on the 23rd March 2020|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84896&dir=2020/march/16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501230436/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84896&dir=2020%2Fmarch%2F16|archive-date=1 May 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 March 2020|title=Botswana bars travellers from coronavirus-hit countries|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/botswana-bars-travellers-from-coronavirus-hit-countries/|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405192048/https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/botswana-bars-travellers-from-coronavirus-hit-countries/|url-status=live}}</ref> za a rufe iyakokin kuma an ba da izinin Jama'ar Botswana su dawo amma dole ne a keɓe su na tsawon kwanaki 14.<ref>{{cite news|title=Botswana, with No COVID-19 Cases, Closes Borders After Death in Zimbabwe {{!}} Voice of America – English|language=en|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405192037/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe|url-status=live}}</ref> An kuma rufe dukkan makarantun daga ranar 20 ga Maris.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 June 2020|title=Botswana schools reopen amid concerns over preparedness|language=en|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness|access-date=9 June 2020|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608061308/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness|url-status=live}}</ref> === Burkina Faso ===   A ranar 9 ga Maris 2020, an ba da rahoton bullar cutar guda biyu na farko a kasar a Burkina Faso.<ref name="usnews_20200309_burkina2">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-03-09/burkina-faso-confirms-first-cases-of-coronavirus|title=Burkina Faso Confirms First Cases of Coronavirus|date=9 March 2020|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, an kuma tabbatar da karar ta uku, mutumin da ya yi mu'amala kai tsaye da kararrakin biyu na farko.<ref name="voaafrique_53286592">{{cite web|url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/coronavirus-un-troisième-cas-confirmé-au-burkina-faso/5328659.html|title=Coronavirus: un troisième cas confirmé au Burkina Faso|website=VOA|language=fr|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319122918/https://www.voaafrique.com/a/coronavirus-un-troisi%C3%A8me-cas-confirm%C3%A9-au-burkina-faso/5328659.html|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, jimillar mutane bakwai aka tabbatar a kasar. Biyar daga cikin sabbin shari'o'in da aka tabbatar sun yi hulɗa kai tsaye da shari'o'in biyu na farko. Wasaya ɗan ƙasar Ingilishi ne wanda ke aiki a wurin hakar gwal a ƙasar da ya yi hutu a Liverpool kuma ya dawo ranar 10 ga Maris, yana wucewa ta Vancouver da Paris.<ref name="burkina24_20200314_coronavirus2">{{cite web|url=https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-covid-19-7-cas-confirmes-au-burkina/|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) : 7 cas confirmés au Burkina|author=Rédaction B24|date=14 March 2020|website=L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|language=fr-FR|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316134641/https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-covid-19-7-cas-confirmes-au-burkina/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2020|4|18}} there were a total of 557 confirmed cases, 35 deaths and 294 recovered cases.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2" /> Zuwa karshen watan Disambar 2020, an sami adadin mutane 6,631, sun warke 4,978, 1,569 masu aiki, da mutuwar 84.<ref name="apanews_202012312">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|access-date=1 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|publisher=APA|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200200/http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Burundi === A ranar 31 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a kasar.<ref name="reuters_idUSL8N2BO34B2">{{Cite news|title=East African nation of Burundi confirms first coronavirus cases – Health Ministry|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-burundi/east-african-nation-of-burundi-confirms-first-coronavirus-cases-health-ministry-idUSL8N2BO34B|work=Reuters|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404165517/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-burundi/east-african-nation-of-burundi-confirms-first-coronavirus-cases-health-ministry-idUSL8N2BO34B|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Shugaban Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, ya mutu yayin barkewar cutar; a hukumance ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya, amma ana hasashen cewa wataƙila ya mutu daga COVID-19 tare da danginsa kuma an ba da rahoton sun kamu da cutar.<ref name="ft_52149872">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a232c62b-ded1-4dd4-8ca7-a5bb5214987f|title=Coronavirus stalks Burundi's political elite after president's death|first1=David|last1=Pilling|first2=Andres|last2=Schipani|name-list-style=vanc|date=15 June 2020|work=Financial Times|access-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184210/https://www.ft.com/content/a232c62b-ded1-4dd4-8ca7-a5bb5214987f|archive-date=30 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kamaru === A ranar 6 ga Maris aka tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kamaru. <ref name="nytimes_20200306_world2">{{cite news|agency=Reuters|access-date=6 March 2020|title=Cameroon Confirms First Case of Coronavirus|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/06/world/africa/06reuters-health-coronavirus-cameroon.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 March 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308115724/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/06/world/africa/06reuters-health-coronavirus-cameroon.html|archive-date=8 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da ƙirar ƙira ta WHO ta ƙiyasta cewa Kamaru na fuskantar babban haɗarin yaduwar COVID-19 idan ba a ba da fifikon matakan ɗaukar abubuwa kamar gano lamba ba.<ref name="afro.who.int2" /> Kamaru ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 27,336, shari'o'i 1,993 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 451 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 17 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Cape Verde === A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a cikin kasar, mai shekaru 62 daga Burtaniya<ref name=":0" /><ref name="African Countries Respond Quickly2" /> === Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, tare da gano mara lafiyar a matsayin tsoho dan kasar Italiya mai shekaru 74 wanda ya koma Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya daga [[Milano|Milan]], Italiya.<ref name="reuters_idUSL8N2B62KD2">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-centralafrica/central-african-republic-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-who-idUSL8N2B62KD|title=Central African Republic confirms first coronavirus case -WHO|work=Reuters|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315211056/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-centralafrica/central-african-republic-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-who-idUSL8N2B62KD|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Chadi === A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN2162LO2">{{cite news|work=Reuters|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Chad confirms first case of coronavirus: government statement|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO|date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320155727/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Fiye da mutane 4,000 ya zuwa yanzu sun gwada inganci<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chad Coronavirus: 4,427 Cases and 157 Deaths – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/chad/|access-date=23 March 2021|website=worldometers.info|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322211139/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/chad/|url-status=live}}</ref> A matsayin matakin rigakafin, gwamnati ta soke dukkan jiragen da ke shigowa cikin kasar, in ban da na jigilar kaya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus-free Chad shuts borders, airports|url=https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211606/https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=The Cable|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2020|title=Chad to close airports over coronavirus fears|url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211556/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=[[Medical Xpress]]|language=en}}</ref> === Comoros === A matsayin matakin rigakafin, matafiya masu isowa za a keɓe su na kwanaki 14 da isowa. Don hana yaduwar cutar, gwamnati ta soke dukkan jiragen sama masu shigowa tare da hana manyan taruka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros/coronavirus|title=Coronavirus – Comoros travel advice|website=GOV.UK|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403204029/https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros/coronavirus|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2020, mutumin da ya isa [[Mayotte]] daga Comoros ya gwada inganci don COVID-19.<ref name="comoros_mayotte2">{{Cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/un-cas-de-coronavirus-a-ete-importe-des-comores-823226.html|title=Un cas de Coronavirus a été importé des Comores|language=fr|access-date=15 April 2020|website=Mayotte la 1ère|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423223119/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/un-cas-de-coronavirus-a-ete-importe-des-comores-823226.html|archive-date=23 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Comoros.<ref name="china_759967882">{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-04/30/content_75996788.htm|title=Comoros reports 1st COVID-19 case|website=China.org.cn|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501223325/http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-04/30/content_75996788.htm|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, an sanar da mutuwar farko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stopcoronavirus.km|title=Stop Covid-19 Comores|language=fr|access-date=6 May 2020|website=Stop Coronavirus.km|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504231552/https://stopcoronavirus.km/|archive-date=4 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An gwada mutane 54, kuma an gano lambobin 53.<ref name="stopcoronavirus_20200506_bulletin2">{{Cite web|url=https://stopcoronavirus.km/actualités/2020/05/06/bulletin-quotidien-sur-le-covid-19/|title=Bulletin quotidien sur le Covid-19|access-date=7 May 2020|website=Stop Coronavirus.km|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516091312/https://stopcoronavirus.km/actualit%C3%A9s/2020/05/06/bulletin-quotidien-sur-le-covid-19/|archive-date=16 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo === [[File:Woman_washing_hands_in_DRC_-_Covid-19.jpg|thumb|A cikin DRC, [[MONUSCO|Runduna Mai shiga tsakani na rundunar MONUSCO]] ta dauki matakan inganta tsafta don taimakawa rage yaduwar cutar.]] A ranar 10 ga watan Maris, an ba da rahoton shari'ar farko ta COVID-19 a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="nationalpost_202003102">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/democratic-republic-of-congo-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-2|title=Democratic Republic of Congo confirms first coronavirus case|work=National Post|date=10 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183217/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/democratic-republic-of-congo-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-2|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga Maris 2021, sama da mutane 25,000 sun gwada inganci<ref>{{Cite web|title=DR Congo Coronavirus|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=worldometers.info|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314205036/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=StopCoronavirus RDC|url=https://www.stopcoronavirusrdc.info/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=stopcoronavirusdc.info|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610011421/https://www.stopcoronavirusrdc.info/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga 27 ga watan Yuli 2021, an gano bambancin Delta a kashi 76% na samfuran da aka bincika.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Deadly COVID-19 Delta variant taking hold in Africa|url=https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/news/deadly-covid-19-delta-variant-taking-hold-in-africa/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Sub-Saharan Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> === Matakan rigakafin === A ranar 19 ga wata Maris, Shugaba [[Félix Tshisekedi|Félix Tshisekedi ya ba da]] sanarwar cewa za a dakatar da dukkan jirage.<ref name="AA 1st death2">{{cite news|title=Democratic Republic of Congo sees 1st coronavirus death|work=aa.com.tr|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084716/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|url-status=live}}</ref> Shugaban ya kafa dokar ta -baci tare da rufe kan iyakoki.<ref name="france24_202003252">{{Cite news|last=Bonnerot|first=Clément|date=25 March 2020|title=DR Congo president imposes state of emergency to contain coronavirus outbreak|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325132438/https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|url-status=live}}</ref> An kuma rufe makarantu, mashaya, gidajen abinci, da wuraren ibada. === Jamhuriyar Congo === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, wani mutum mai shekaru 50 wanda ya koma Jamhuriyar Congo daga Paris, Faransa.<ref name="trust_2020031423152">{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200314231524-ebs0t|title=Congo Republic confirms first coronavirus case -government|date=15 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316101152/https://news.trust.org/item/20200314231524-ebs0t|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Djibouti === A ranar 18 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Djibouti. === Misira === [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar|Ma'aikatar lafiya ta]] Masar ta sanar da shari'ar farko a kasar a [[Filin jirgin saman Kairo|filin jirgin saman Alkahira]] wanda ya shafi wani dan China a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu.<ref name="egypttoday_202002142">{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|work=Egypt Today|date=14 February 2020|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbc_515092482" /> A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar da WHO sun tabbatar da sabbin maganganu 12 na kamuwa da cutar coronavirus.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20T1IQ2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-egypt-idUSKBN20T1IQ|title=Twelve asymptomatic coronavirus cases registered on Nile cruise ship|date=6 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=7 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307192640/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-egypt-idUSKBN20T1IQ|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar na cikin ma'aikatan Masar da ke cikin jirgin ruwan ''Nilu Anuket'', wanda ke tafiya daga [[Aswan]] zuwa [[Luxor]] . A ranar 7 ga watan Maris 2020, hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun ba da sanarwar cewa mutane 45 da ke cikin jirgin sun gwada inganci, kuma an sanya jirgin a keɓe a tashar jirgin ruwa a [[Luxor]] .<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20T1IQ2" /> Misira ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 152,719, 24,045 lokuta masu aiki, da jimillar mutuwar 8,362 a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 81 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan22">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021, dangin wani COVID-19 mai shekaru 62 wanda ya mutu a Babban Asibitin El Husseineya na Masar saboda karancin iskar oxygen ya sanya bidiyon asibitin a Facebook. Bidiyon da ya nuna ma’aikatan lafiya a cikin wahala, suna farfado da wani mutum tare da taimakon injin [[Ventilator|hura iska]] ya shiga yanar gizo, yana mai gayyatar hankalin duniya game da gazawar gwamnati wajen magance cutar. Marasa lafiya huɗu sun mutu a wannan ranar kuma sanarwar hukuma da asibitin ta bayar ta ƙarasa da cewa marasa lafiyar sun sha wahala "rikitarwa", suna musanta "wata alaƙa" ta mutuwarsu tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen. Wani bincike da [[New York Times|New York Times ta]] jagoranta ya gano sabanin haka a cikin abin da bayanan da aka bayar yayin hirar da duka, dangin marasa lafiya, da ma'aikatan lafiya, suka tabbatar da sanadin mutuwar a matsayin rashin iskar oxygen.<ref name="nytimes_20210118_world2">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/world/middleeast/egypt-hospital-oxygen-virus.html|title=Egypt Denied an Oxygen Failure Killed Covid Patients. We Found That It Did.|access-date=18 January 2021|website=The New York Times|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/world/middleeast/egypt-hospital-oxygen-virus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Masar ta fara yiwa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya allurar rigakafin cutar a ranar 24 ga Janairu. Likitoci sama da 300 sun mutu.<ref name="msn_15415122622912">{{cite news|title=Egypt kicks off vaccine drive as France tightens borders|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/egypt-kicks-off-vaccine-drive-as-france-tightens-borders/ar-BB1d2RFG?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|access-date=24 January 2021|publisher=MSN|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=24 January 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129093228/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/egypt-kicks-off-vaccine-drive-as-france-tightens-borders/ar-BB1d2RFG?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|url-status=live}}</ref> === Equatorial Guinea === A ranar 14 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a kasar.<ref name="deccanherald_8138022">{{cite news|title=Equatorial Guinea announces first coronavirus case|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/equatorial-guinea-announces-first-coronavirus-case-813802.html|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315210831/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/equatorial-guinea-announces-first-coronavirus-case-813802.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Eritrea === A ranar 20 ga Maris, an tabbatar da karar farko a Eritrea.<ref name="nationalpost.com2">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/angola-eritrea-uganda-confirm-first-cases-as-coronavirus-spreads-in-africa|title=Angola, Eritrea, Uganda confirm first cases as coronavirus spreads in Africa|work=National Post|date=21 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183507/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/angola-eritrea-uganda-confirm-first-cases-as-coronavirus-spreads-in-africa|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Eswatini === A ranar 14 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a kasar.<ref name="jpost_6208972">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Eswatini-in-Southern-Africa-reports-first-coronavirus-case-620897|title=Eswatini in Southern Africa reports first coronavirus case|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314135632/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Eswatini-in-Southern-Africa-reports-first-coronavirus-case-620897|archive-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> === Habasha === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 13 ga Maris, wanda mutumin Japan ne wanda ya isa kasar a ranar 4 ga Maris daga Burkina Faso.<ref name="aljazeera_2003122356062">{{cite web|access-date=13 March 2020|title=Ethiopia confirms first coronavirus case: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/stocks-collapse-coronavirus-global-pandemic-live-200312235606108.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313090407/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/stocks-collapse-coronavirus-global-pandemic-live-200312235606108.html|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba da rahoton ƙarin ƙarin cutar guda uku a ranar 15 ga Maris. Mutanen uku sun yi mu'amala ta kusa da mutumin da aka ba da rahoton cewa ya kamu da cutar a ranar 13 ga Maris. Tun daga wannan lokacin, karin mutane takwas da aka tabbatar sun kamu da [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya (Habasha)|cutar a ma'aikatar lafiya]] ga jama'a, wanda ya kawo jimlar zuwa goma sha biyu. Daga cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar an ce wata tsohuwa 'yar Habasha' yar shekara tamanin da haihuwa tana da wasu alamun cutar yayin da wasu takwas ke kan hanyar murmurewa kuma suna nuna karancin alamun cutar. A ranar 27 ga Maris, ministan lafiya ya sake fitar da wata sanarwa inda ya bayyana cewa an gano karin wasu mutane hudu yayin da daya ke cikin birnin [[Adama]] [[Yankin Oromia|na jihar Oromia]] kuma sauran ukun suna [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] . Haka kuma, Ministan Lafiya ya tabbatar da wasu kararraki uku a ranar 31 ga Maris 2020. Hakanan, washegari an kara wasu kararraki uku. A cikin sanarwar manema labarai da ta gabata, hukumomin gwamnati sun lura cewa an sake gwada shari'ar guda ɗaya kuma an tabbatar da cewa ba ta da kyau kuma an aika biyu daga cikin shari'o'in da aka tabbatar zuwa ƙasarsu (Japan). A jimilce, an tabbatar da shari'o'i ashirin da tara {{As of|2020|4|1}} . A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2020 saboda ƙarin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi, an sami ƙarin shari'o'i shida da ke ƙaruwa zuwa talatin da biyar. Gwamnati da al'umma gaba ɗaya suna ɗaukar matakai don dakile ƙarin yaduwar wannan ƙwayar cuta. Daga cikin lamuran guda shida da aka gano akwai mutanen da ba su da tarihin balaguron kwanan nan, wanda hakan ya sanya ya firgita jama'a.<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-2 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, an ba da rahoton ƙarin ƙarin cutar guda uku. Duk kararrakin sun fito ne daga Addis Ababa. Biyu daga cikin marassa lafiyar, ɗan shekara 29 da ɗan Habasha mai shekaru 34, suna da tarihin balaguro zuwa [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] a ranakun daban-daban. Laifin na uku na mace Habasha ce 'yar shekara 35 da ta zo daga Sweden ranar 3 ga Afrilu. [31] A wannan ranar, an ba da rahoton ƙarin murmurewa, wanda ya ƙaru jimlar adadin waɗanda aka warke zuwa 4.A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, an sami karin wasu sabbin maganganu guda biyar na kwayar cutar. Uku daga cikinsu 'yan Habasha ne. Sauran biyun ‘yan asalin Libya da Eritrea ne. [33]. Akwai jimlar kararraki 43 {{As of|2020|4|5|lc=y}} . A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, an gano ƙarin mutane kuma jimillar ta kasance 54. Daga cikin gwaje -gwaje 200+ da aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2020, an ƙara ƙarin shari'ar zuwa adadin wanda ya sa ya zama 55. Tare da halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu na nuna yaduwar cutar Habasha ta ayyana [[Dokar ta baci|dokar ta -baci]] . Tilahun Woldemichael, wani malamin [[Ikklesiyar Orthodox ta Habasha|addinin Orthodox na Habasha]] wanda aka ce yana da shekara 114, an sallame shi daga asibiti a ranar 25 ga Yuni bayan an yi masa magani da iskar oxygen da [[dexamethasone]] don coronavirus. Habasha tana da shari'o'i 5,200 da aka tabbatar.<ref name="aljazeera_2003122356062" /> Habasha ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 129,455, shari'o'i 12,882 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 2,006 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan daidai yake da mutuwar 17 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan2" /> == Yankunan Faransa == === Mayotte === An ba da rahoton shari'ar farko [[Annobar cutar covid-19|ta cutar COVID-19]] a cikin sashin Faransa na [[Sashen waje da yanki|ketare da yankin]] [[Mayotte]] a ranar 13 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="francetvinfo_8108562">{{cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/mayotte-enregistre-premier-cas-coronavirus-810856.html|title=Mayotte enregistre un premier cas de Coronavirus|first=Toufaili|last=Andjilani|name-list-style=vanc|newspaper=[[La Première (France)|Mayotte 1ère]]|date=14 March 2020|language=fr|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315144804/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/mayotte-enregistre-premier-cas-coronavirus-810856.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Maris mutum na farko ya mutu sakamakon COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/coronavirus-covid-19-12-nouveaux-cas-confirmes-mayotte-94-au-total-818100.html|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 : 12 nouveaux cas confirmés à Mayotte : 94 au total|website=Mayotte la 1ère|language=fr-FR|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407024001/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/coronavirus-covid-19-12-nouveaux-cas-confirmes-mayotte-94-au-total-818100.html|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Asibiti ɗaya a Mayotte ya cika da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a cikin Fabrairu 2021. Sojojin Faransa sun tura ma'aikatan lafiya da wasu gadaje na ICU, amma bai isa ba.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chamsidine|first1=Sony|last2=Charlton|first2=Angela|name-list-style=vanc|title=Surging virus in French African outpost reveals inequalities|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/surging-virus-in-french-african-outpost-reveals-inequalities/ar-BB1dyxEl?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|access-date=10 February 2021|publisher=MSN|agency=Associated Press|date=9 February 2021}}</ref> === Haɗuwa === An [[Annobar cutar covid-19|tabbatar da cewa cutar ta COVID-19 ta]] isa sashen Faransanci na ketare da yankin [[Haɗuwa|Réunion]] a ranar 11 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="francetvinfo_8095522">{{cite web|first=Laura|last=Philippon|name-list-style=vanc|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/premier-cas-coronavirus-confirme-reunion-809552.html|title=Un premier cas de coronavirus confirmé à La Réunion|language=fr|work=France Info|date=11 March 2020|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405144320/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/premier-cas-coronavirus-confirme-reunion-809552.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gabon === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 12 ga Maris, wani dan kasar Gabon mai shekaru 27 wanda ya dawo Gabon daga Faransa kwanaki 4 kafin tabbatar da cutar coronavirus.<ref name="nationalpost_202003132">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ghana-gabon-confirm-first-cases-of-coronavirus|title=Ghana, Gabon confirm first cases of coronavirus|work=National Post|date=13 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200313050647/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ghana-gabon-confirm-first-cases-of-coronavirus|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gambiya === Gambiya ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar coronavirus ta farko daga wata mata 'yar shekara 20 da ta dawo daga Ingila ranar 17 ga Maris.<ref name="nationalpost_202003172">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/gambia-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus-health-minister|title=Gambia reports first case of coronavirus -health minister|work=National Post|date=17 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183416/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/gambia-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus-health-minister|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ghana === Ghana ta ba da rahoton kararrakinta biyu na farko a ranar 12 ga Maris. Laifukan biyu mutane ne da suka dawo ƙasar daga Norway da Turkiyya, tare da fara binciken tuntuɓar. <ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20Z3X92">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ghana-gabon-idUSKBN20Z3X9|title=Ghana, Gabon confirm first cases of coronavirus|date=13 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=13 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313132325/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ghana-gabon-idUSKBN20Z3X9|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="starrfm_202003122">{{cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/ghana-confirms-two-coronavirus-cases/|title=Ghana confirms two Coronavirus cases|publisher=[[Starr Fm]]|last=Acheampong|first=Kwame|name-list-style=vanc|date=12 March 2020|language=en-US|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324080900/https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/ghana-confirms-two-coronavirus-cases/|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Maris, Ministan Kudi, [[Ken Ofori-Atta]], ya yi cedi daidai $ 100&nbsp;miliyoyin don haɓaka shirye -shiryen shirye -shiryen coronavirus da Ghana. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Ghana ta ba da rahoto a ranar 6 ga Agusta cewa sama da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 2,000 ne suka kamu da cutar kuma shida sun mutu.<ref name="cnn_20200718_africa2">{{cite web|last1=Adamu|first1=Zaina|name-list-style=vanc|title=Over 2,000 health care workers in Ghana have been infected with coronavirus|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/18/africa/ghana-healthcare-workers-coronavirus/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034923/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/18/africa/ghana-healthcare-workers-coronavirus/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ghana ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 56,981, 1,404 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 341 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 11 a kowace miliyan daya. <ref name="numbers_jan24">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gini === A ranar 13 ga Maris, Guinea ta tabbatar da karar ta ta farko, ma'aikaciyar tawagar [[Tarayyar Turai]] a Guinea.<ref name="nytimes_20200313_world2">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/13/world/africa/13reuters-health-coronavirus-guinea.html|title=EU Employee Tests Positive for Coronavirus in Guinea's First Case|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324080857/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/13/world/africa/13reuters-health-coronavirus-guinea.html|archive-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Aminci ya buɗe wani masallaci da ƙarfi a [[Dubreka|Dubréka]] a watan Mayu. <ref name="ramadan2">{{cite web|title=As mosques reopen in West Africa, COVID-19 fears grow|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|website=ABC News|access-date=17 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517173119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|archive-date=17 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Guinea-Bissau === A ranar 25 ga Maris, Guinea-Bissau ta tabbatar da shari'o'in COVID-19 guda biyu na farko, ma’aikacin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Congo da kuma dan kasar Indiya.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN21C2EA2">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bissau/guinea-bissau-confirms-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN21C2EA|title=Guinea-Bissau confirms first two cases of coronavirus|work=Reuters|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160911/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bissau/guinea-bissau-confirms-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN21C2EA|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ivory Coast === A ranar 11 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar. <ref name="dailysabah_202003112">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ivory-coast-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus/news|title=Ivory Coast confirms first case of coronavirus|date=11 March 2020|website=[[Daily Sabah]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318015626/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ivory-coast-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus/news|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Kasar Ivory Coast ta ba da rahoton kararraki 24,369, shari'o'i 1,373 masu aiki, da mutuwar mutane 140 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane biyar a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan25">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kenya === A ranar 12 ga Maris 2020, Shugaba [[Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta]] ya tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.health.go.ke/kenya-coronavirus-cases-rise-to-four-cs-health/|title=Kenya coronavirus cases rise to four, CS health – MINISTRY OF HEALTH|language=en-US|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325111524/http://www.health.go.ke/kenya-coronavirus-cases-rise-to-four-cs-health/|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kenya, wata mata da ta fito daga Amurka ta London.<ref name="nation_54892682">{{cite web|author=ELIZABETH MERAB|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-confirms-first-coronavirus-case/1056-5489268-28tqll/index.html|title=Kenya confirms first coronavirus case – VIDEO – Daily Nation|work=Daily Nation|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314162316/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-confirms-first-coronavirus-case/1056-5489268-28tqll/index.html|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kenya ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 98,555, 15,168 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 1,720 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 32 a kowace miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan26">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Lesotho === A ranar 13 ga Mayu, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Lesotho.<ref name="numbers_jan3">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com22">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>Kasar ta rubuta mutuwar farko a ranar 9 ga Yuli. === Laberiya === A ranar 16 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Laberiya.<ref name="frontpageafricaonline_202003162">{{cite web|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-records-first-case-of-coronavirs-health-authorities-hold-emergency-meeting/|title=Liberia Records First Case of Coronavirus; Health Authorities Hold Emergency Meeting|date=16 March 2020|website=[[FrontPage Africa]]|language=en-US|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184328/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-records-first-case-of-coronavirs-health-authorities-hold-emergency-meeting/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guardian2020-03-162">{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|name-list-style=vanc|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/16/african-nations-impose-stricter-measures-as-coronavirus-spreads|title=African nations impose stricter measures as coronavirus spreads|date=16 March 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316215257/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/16/african-nations-impose-stricter-measures-as-coronavirus-spreads|archive-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> An ba da izinin sake buɗe majami'u da masallatai har zuwa 17 ga Mayu. <ref name="ramadan3">{{cite web|title=As mosques reopen in West Africa, COVID-19 fears grow|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|website=ABC News|access-date=17 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517173119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|archive-date=17 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Libya === A ranar 17 ga Maris, don hana yaduwar kwayar cutar, [[Gwamnatin Yarjejeniyar Kasa]] da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ita ta rufe kan iyakokin kasar, ta dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na makwanni uku tare da hana ‘yan kasashen waje shiga kasar; makarantu, wuraren shakatawa, masallatai da wuraren taruwar jama'a suma an rufe su. <ref name="numbers_jan3" /> A ranar 24 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Libya. <ref name="latimes.com22" /> Libya ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 106,670, 21,730 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 1,629 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 235 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya. <ref name="numbers_jan2" /> === Madagaskar === A ranar 20 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar guda uku na farko a Madagascar. Duk mata ne.<ref name="frontpageafricaonline_202003162" /> Madagascar tana da adadin 225 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus, 98 sun warke, kuma babu mace -macen {{As of|2020|5|8}} .<ref name="guardian2020-03-162" /> Madagascar <nowiki>'' maganin '' tushen '' magani ''</nowiki> wanda ake kira ''COVID-19 Organics'' ana turawa duk da gargadin da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi]] cewa ba a tabbatar da ingancin sa ba. Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Congo, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Laberiya, da Guinea Bissau duk sun riga sun karɓi dubban allurai na COVID-19 Organics kyauta. <ref name="guardian2020-03-162" /> === Malawi === A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da kararraki uku na farko a Malawi.<ref name="ramadan3" /> A watan Afrilu 2020 Babbar Kotun Malawi ta ba da umarni na toshe matakan kulle -kullen da gwamnatin Malawi ta sanya. <ref name="aljazeera_20200417_malawi">{{cite news|title=Malawi high court blocks coronavirus lockdown|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/17/malawi-high-court-blocks-coronavirus-lockdown|access-date=18 November 2020|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123204536/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/17/malawi-high-court-blocks-coronavirus-lockdown|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="malawilii_20200417">{{cite news|title=''S v President of Malawi and Others; Ex Parte: Kathumba and Others'' (Judicial Review Cause No. 22 of 2020) [2020] MWHC 7 (17 April 2020)|url=https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/7|access-date=18 November 2020|agency=High Court of Malawi|date=17 April 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030811/https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/7|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2020 gwamnatin Malawi ta ƙaddamar da ƙarin matakan da suka haɗa da sanya abin rufe fuska a wuraren jama'a don dakile yaduwar cutar <ref name="Malawi Restrictions">{{cite news|title=Malawi Makes Masks Mandatory in COVID-19 Fight|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-makes-masks-mandatory-covid-19-fight#:~:text=BLANTYRE%2C%20MALAWI%20%2D%20Malawi%20has%20made,a%20fine%20of%20about%20%2415.|access-date=18 November 2020|date=8 August 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002003802/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-makes-masks-mandatory-covid-19-fight#:~:text=BLANTYRE%2C%20MALAWI%20%2D%20Malawi%20has%20made,a%20fine%20of%20about%20%2415.|url-status=live}}</ref> === Mali === A ranar 25 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a Mali. <ref name="garda_326341">{{Cite news|title=Mali: Authorities confirm first COVID-19 cases March 25 /update 2|url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/326341/mali-authorities-confirm-first-covid-19-cases-march-25-update-2|work=garda.com|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325165909/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/326341/mali-authorities-confirm-first-covid-19-cases-march-25-update-2|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Hana fita waje ==== A cikin Maris 2020, Matshidiso Moeti na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya ce [[Tsaftar hannu|wanke hannu]] da [[Ba wa Juna Tazara|nesanta jiki na]] iya zama ƙalubale a wasu wurare a Afirka. An yi tunanin cewa kulle -kullen ba zai yiwu ba, kuma ƙalubalen na iya taɓarɓarewa saboda yawaitar cututtuka kamar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], AIDS, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], da kwalara .<ref name="African Countries Respond Quickly2">{{cite news|title=African Countries Respond Quickly To Spread Of COVID-19|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/21/818894991/african-countries-respond-quickly-to-spread-of-covid-19|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=NPR|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326082508/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/21/818894991/african-countries-respond-quickly-to-spread-of-covid-19|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Koyaya, ya zuwa watan Mayu, aƙalla ƙasashe 42 na Afirka sun sanya takunkumin rufe fuska ko cikakken tsari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 for Africa: Lockdown exit strategies {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|url=https://www.uneca.org/covid-19-africa-lockdown-exit-strategies|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.uneca.org}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara sun ce dabarun da ke kan gwaji na iya ba wa ƙasashen Afirka damar rage kulle -kullen da ke haifar da matsananciyar wahala ga waɗanda ke dogaro da kuɗin da ake samu kowace rana don samun damar ciyar da kansu da danginsu. Bugu da kari, akwai karuwar barazanar yunwa a kasashen Afirka da dama .<ref name="cnn_20200422_africa2">{{Cite web|first=Rob|last=Picheta|name-list-style=vanc|title=Coronavirus pandemic will cause global famines of 'biblical proportions,' UN warns|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html|access-date=13 July 2020|publisher=CNN|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712083413/https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An aiwatar da matakan rigakafin da yawa a cikin kasashe daban -daban na Afirka, gami da takunkumin tafiye -tafiye, soke jirgin sama, soke taron,<ref name="CNN 2020-03-092">{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> rufe makarantu, da rufe kan iyaka.<ref name="UN Sees Africa Sliding Into Recession2">{{cite news|title=UN Sees Africa Sliding Into Recession Without Debt-Service Help|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/un-sees-africa-sliding-into-recession-without-debt-service-help|access-date=25 March 2020|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=24 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163930/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/un-sees-africa-sliding-into-recession-without-debt-service-help|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Masu tasiri na zamantakewa da mashahuran mutane sun haɗu da murya tare da ƙwararrun masana lafiyar jama'a suna roƙon mutane da su yi nesantawar jama'a.<ref name="BMC2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran matakan don ɗauka da iyakance yaduwar cutar sun haɗa da dokar hana fita, kulle -kulle, da tilasta sanya abin rufe fuska . ==== Kasuwanci na gida ==== Kasuwannin cikin gida sun tallafa wa ƙoƙarin mayar da martani ta hanyar kuɗi kuma sun fara kera abin rufe fuska da tsabtace hannu.<ref name="BMC3">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Kafofin watsa labarun ==== An yi babban ƙoƙari don yaƙar ɓarkewar COVID-19 da samar da ingantattun bayanai don tallafawa martanin COVID-19.<ref name="BMC4">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="UN2">{{cite web|title=UN, news organizations and artists fight against COVID-19 fake news|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|website=Africa Renewal Magazine|date=30 July 2020|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119041002/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin "tabbatarwa" na kafafen sada zumunta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi amfani da "masu aikin sa kai na bayanai" don taimakawa wajen karyata ikirarin karya game da gwajin allurar rigakafi da warkar da karya.<ref name="UN3">{{cite web|title=UN, news organizations and artists fight against COVID-19 fake news|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|website=Africa Renewal Magazine|date=30 July 2020|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119041002/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> [[UNESCO|Shirin UNESCO]] #DontGoViral ya ba da damar dacewa da al'adu, bayanai masu buɗewa cikin yarukan gida. <ref name="UN">{{Cite web}}</ref> Hukumar sadarwa ta 35-Arewa ta yi hadin gwiwa da COVID-19 Africa Open Data Project don yakar labaran karya ta Telegram da WhatsApp.<ref name="Tribune22">{{cite web|title=Philippe Perdrix et Romain Grandjean : face à la crise, "une information fiable permet de prendre les mesures adéquates et efficaces"|url=https://afrique.latribune.fr/think-tank/entretiens/2020-04-20/philippe-perdrix-et-romain-grandjean-face-a-la-crise-une-information-fiable-permet-de-prendre-les-mesures-adequates-et-efficaces-845640.html|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116210854/https://afrique.latribune.fr/think-tank/entretiens/2020-04-20/philippe-perdrix-et-romain-grandjean-face-a-la-crise-une-information-fiable-permet-de-prendre-les-mesures-adequates-et-efficaces-845640.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Duba kuma == {{Div col|colwidth=27em}} * [[1899–1923 cholera pandemic]] * [[Spanish flu|1918 Spanish flu pandemic]] * [[2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak]] * [[2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak]] * [[2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan]] * [[2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak]] * [[2019–2020 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] * [[Kivu Ebola epidemic|2018 Kivu Ebola epidemic]] * [[21st century Madagascar plague outbreaks|2014 & 2017 Madagascar plague outbreaks]] * [[Black Death]] * [[HIV/AIDS in Africa]] * [[Western African Ebola virus epidemic|2013–16 Western African Ebola virus epidemic]] {{End div col}} == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://africacdc.org/covid-19/ Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka (CDC) Dashboard akan COVID-19] * [http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/ COVID-19 Africa Open Data Project Dashboard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109105032/http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/ |date=2021-01-09 }} * [https://data.wahooas.org//outbreaks/#/ Kungiyar Lafiya ta Yammacin Afirka COVID-19 Dashboard] * [https://covid19.who.int/ Dashboard na WHO COVID-19] [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3v469hn7uj2uujhppvvcr45qn3rkyrj 885243 885242 2026-07-20T11:57:27Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Pupil washes hands during COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.jpg|thumb|Wata yariya tana wanke hannu a lokacin annobar a kasar Ghana]] [[File:COVID-19 Outbreak Africa Map.svg|thumb|Taswira na nuna yanayin yanda cutar ta barke a kasashen afurika]] Annobar cutar covid-19 an tabbatar ya bazu zuwa Afirka a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2020, tare da sanar da shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a Masar.<ref name="bbc_515092482">{{cite news|title=Beijing orders 14-day quarantine for all returnees|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214210032/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Egypt Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a yankin kudu da Sahara [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|a Najeriya]] a karshen watan Fabrairu 2020. <ref name="bbc_516718342">{{cite news|title=Nigeria confirms first coronavirus case|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51671834|access-date=24 March 2020|work=BBC News|date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302181240/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51671834|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin watanni uku, kwayar cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar, kamar yadda Lesotho, ƙasar [[Afirka]] ta ƙarshe da ta tsira daga kamuwa da cutar, ta ba da rahoton shari'ar a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2020.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN22P1R42">{{Cite news|date=13 May 2020|title=Remote Lesotho becomes last country in Africa to record COVID-19 case|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514053312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|archive-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa 26 ga Mayu, da alama yawancin <ref>https://africarxiv.pubpub.org/pub/00101-hausa/release/1</ref>ƙasashen Afirka suna fuskantar watsawar al'umma, kodayake iyakancewar gwajin ba ta da iyaka.<ref name="theguardian_20200526_africa2">{{Cite web|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|name-list-style=vanc|date=26 May 2020|title=Experts sound alarm over lack of Covid-19 test kits in Africa|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/26/africa-concerned-over-lack-of-coronavirus-testing-kits|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529155322/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/26/africa-concerned-over-lack-of-coronavirus-testing-kits|archive-date=29 May 2020|access-date=29 May 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yawancin cututtukan da aka gano sun shigo daga Turai da Amurka maimakon daga China inda cutar ta samo asali.<ref name="Africa Braces2">{{cite news|last1=Maclean|first1=Ruth|name-list-style=vanc|title=Africa Braces for Coronavirus, but Slowly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/africa/coronavirus-africa-burkina-faso.html|access-date=25 March 2020|work=The New York Times|date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325014602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/africa/coronavirus-africa-burkina-faso.html|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A farkon Yuni 2021, Afirka ta fuskanci guguwar [[COVID-19 pandemic in Angola|COVID]] ta uku tare da bullar cutar a ƙasashe 14.<ref name="theguardian_20210607_third2">{{Cite web|date=7 June 2021|title=Third wave sweeps across Africa as Covid vaccine imports dry up|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/07/third-wave-sweeps-across-africa-as-covid-vaccine-imports-dry-up|access-date=9 June 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Zuwa ranar 4 ga Yuli nahiyar ta yi rikodin fiye da 251,000 sabbin cututtukan Covid, karuwar kashi 20% daga makon da ya gabata da karuwar kashi 12% daga kololuwar Janairu. Fiye da ƙasashe goma sha shida na Afirka, ciki har da Malawi da Senegal, sun sami ci gaba a sabbin lokuta.<ref name="Mendez2">{{Cite web|last=Mendez|first=Rich|name-list-style=vanc|date=2021-07-08|title=Africa suffers worst surge in Covid cases as delta variant spurs third wave of pandemic|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/08/delta-variant-africa-suffers-worst-surge-in-covid-cases-officials-brace-for-third-wave.html|access-date=2021-07-09|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi mata lakabi da 'Mafi Mutuwar Cutar Kwayar cuta ta [[Afirka]]'.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dahir|first=Abdi Latif|name-list-style=vanc|date=2021-07-08|title=Africa marks its 'worst pandemic week' yet, with cases surging and vaccine scarce, the W.H.O. says.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/08/world/africa-coronavirus-cases-who.html|access-date=2021-07-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> An yi imanin cewa akwai karancin rahoto a ƙasashe da yawa na Afirka waɗanda ba su da ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya .<ref name="theguardian_20200502_somali2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow|title=Somali medics report rapid rise in deaths as Covid-19 fears grow|vauthors=Burke J, Mumin AA|date=2 May 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519055745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da nazarin yanayin yanayi na bazara na [[Juba|shekarar 2020 a Juba]] a Sudan ta Kudu, kasa da kashi 1% na masu kamuwa da cutar sun kamu da cutar.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Wiens KE, Mawien PN, Rumunu J, Slater D, Jones FK, Moheed S, Caflisch A, Bior BK, Jacob IA, Lako RL, Guyo AG, Olu OO, Maleghemi S, Baguma A, Hassen JJ, Baya SK, Deng L, Lessler J, Demby MN, Sanchez V, Mills R, Fraser C, Charles RC, Harris JB, Azman AS, Wamala JF|display-authors=6|title=Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020¹|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=27|issue=6|pages=1598–1606|date=June 2021|pmid=34013872|pmc=8153877|doi=10.3201/eid2706.210568}}</ref> An sami sabbin bambance -bambancen damuwa game da kwayar cutar a Afirka: a cikin Fabrairu 2020 nau'in Beta a Afirka ta Kudu,<ref>{{cite web|display-authors=6|title=B.1.351 Lineage Report|url=https://outbreak.info/situation-reports?pango=B.1.351|access-date=6 June 2021|website=outbreak.info|vauthors=Latif AA, Mullen JL, Alkuzweny M, Tsueng G, Cano M, Haag E, Zhou J, Zeller M, Matteson N, Wu C, Andersen KG, Su AI, Gangavarapu K, Hughes LD}}</ref> kuma a cikin Disamba 2020 bambancin Eta a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lineage B.1.525|url=https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.525.html|access-date=6 June 2021|website=cov-lineages.org|publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606144312/https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.525.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera_20201224_new2">{{cite news|title=Another new COVID strain found in Nigeria, says Africa CDC|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/24/new-coronavirus-strain-appears-to-emerge-in-nigeria-africa-cdc|access-date=24 December 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=24 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224155910/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/24/new-coronavirus-strain-appears-to-emerge-in-nigeria-africa-cdc|url-status=live}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta samu kusan allurar rigakafin COVID-19 miliyan 300 a cikin irin wannan yarjejeniya mafi girma ga Afirka; An sanar da shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan ya kasance mai zaman kansa na ƙoƙarin Samun damar COVID-19 na Kayan Aiki (COVAX) da nufin rarraba allurar COVID-19 ga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="africanews_20210113_africa2">{{cite news|title=Africa secures 300 million COVID-19 vaccine doses in deal with manufacturers|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/13/africa-secures-300-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-deal-with-manufacturers/|access-date=13 January 2021|work=Africanews|date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114044153/https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/13/africa-secures-300-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-deal-with-manufacturers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Musamman, duk da haka, ana cajin ƙasashen Afirka fiye da ninki biyu na abin da ƙasashen Turai za su biya na wasu alluran rigakafi.<ref name="price2">{{cite news|title='Deeply Alarming': AstraZeneca Charging South Africa More Than Double What Europeans Pay for Covid-19 Vaccine|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/01/22/deeply-alarming-astrazeneca-charging-south-africa-more-double-what-europeans-pay?utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3nA6K8kP5xP0Cs49ZpPi0XVfHKKYzRyjRHnoAI90BR0Py0Mzg6c29ZNoM#Echobox=1611355596|access-date=22 January 2021|work=Common Dreams|date=22 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030808/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/01/22/deeply-alarming-astrazeneca-charging-south-africa-more-double-what-europeans-pay#Echobox=1611355596|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Bakwai (G-7) ta yi alƙawarin rarraba alluran rigakafin a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2021, kodayake ba a bayar da cikakkun bayanai ba.<ref name="apnews_92531712">{{cite news|last=Lawless|first=Jill|name-list-style=vanc|title=G-7 vows 'equitable' world vaccine access, but details scant|url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-france-london-boris-johnson-europe-7313ccb3ec3945a1f5e959f9253171f7|access-date=19 February 2021|work=AP News|date=19 February 2021|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220003025/https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-france-london-boris-johnson-europe-7313ccb3ec3945a1f5e959f9253171f7|url-status=live}}</ref> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kuma ci gaba a matsayin mai ba da allurar rigakafi ga nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Vaccine Diplomacy: COVID and the Return of Soft Power|url=https://www.theglobalist.com/vaccine-diplomacy-covid-russia-united-states-uae-africa-soft-powers/|access-date=8 June 2021|website=The Globalist|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bbc_561000762">{{Cite news|date=3 June 2021|title=Covid-19 Africa: What is happening with vaccines?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/56100076|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> Duk da wannan ci gaba da aka samu, Afirka ita ce nahiya mafi karancin allurar rigakafi a duniya.<ref name="bloomberg_20210505_rapidly2">{{Cite news|date=5 May 2021|title=Rapidly Spreading Variants Compound Africa's Coronavirus Woes|language=en|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-05/rapidly-spreading-variants-compound-africa-s-coronavirus-woes|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> A farkon Yuni 2021 Hukumar Lafiya ta [[Duniya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa jigilar allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ta yi <nowiki>''</nowiki> kusan dakatarwa <nowiki>''</nowiki> a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2021|title=Alarm in Africa: Virus surges, vaccines grind to 'near halt'|url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-health-coronavirus-pandemic-business-a8666e9d04e1141fec803d41cf55b558|access-date=9 June 2021|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, hamshakin attajirin nan dan kasar Sudan da Birtaniyya mai suna Mo Ibrahim ya yi kakkausar suka ga al'ummomin kasa da kasa saboda gaza tabbatar da rarraba allurar rigakafin a fadin duniya.<ref name="apnews_060012973252">{{Cite web|date=9 June 2021|title=Billionaire philanthropist: vaccine hoarding hurts Africa|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-africa-business-coronavirus-pandemic-government-and-politics-f6b06001297325b6923bf2d20a1792fa|access-date=9 June 2021|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> Zuwa 8 ga Yuli 2021, kashi 2% na nahiyar ne kawai aka yi wa allurar.<ref name="Mendez2"/> == Tarihin gabaɗaya == Zuwa sati na biyu na Yuni 2020, Afirka ta zarce mutane 200,000 gaba ɗaya.<ref name="theguardian_20200612_global2">{{Cite web|date=12 June 2020|title=Global report: WHO warns of accelerating Covid-19 infections in Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|access-date=12 June 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612202752/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun karu cikin watan Yuni, inda nahiyar ta dauki kwanaki 98 don yin rikodin cutar 100,000 na farko, da kwanaki 18 don 100,000 na biyu. An ci gaba da hanzarin hanzarin, yayin da shari'o'i suka wuce maki 300,000 da 400,000 a ranar 6 ga Yuli. A ranar 8 ga Yuli 2020, shari'o'in sun wuce rabin miliyan. Rabin shari'o'in 500,000 da aka ruwaito a cikin nahiyar sun fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu ko Masar.<ref name="epicenter2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: How fast is it spreading in Africa?|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-fast-spreading-africa-232332271.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707213330/https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-fast-spreading-africa-232332271.html|archive-date=7 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashe goma ne ke da kashi 80% na rahoton da aka ruwaito.<ref name="epicenter2" /> Hukumar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Lafiya ta Duniya ta]] bayyana fargaba kan yaduwar cutar a Afirka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2020, inda ta bayyana cewa adadin na Afirka ta Kudu na iya zama sanadiyyar ci gaba da barkewar cutar a duk fadin nahiyar.<ref name="news24_202007212">{{Cite web|title=Covid-19: Situation in SA 'a warning' for the rest of the continent - WHO|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-situation-in-sa-a-warning-for-the-rest-of-the-continent-who-20200721|access-date=21 July 2020|website=News24|language=en|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722065232/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-situation-in-sa-a-warning-for-the-rest-of-the-continent-who-20200721|url-status=live}}</ref> Adadin ya haura miliyan daya zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, inda kasashe biyar suka kai sama da kashi 75% na adadin wadanda aka tabbatar: Afirka ta Kudu, Masar, Morocco, Habasha da Najeriya. <ref name="guardian 6august">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|title=Total confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa pass 1 million|first=Jason|last=Burke|name-list-style=vanc|date=6 August 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807120309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|url-status=live}}</ref> Lambobin gaskiya na gaskiya sun fi girma fiye da adadin da aka tabbatar, saboda ƙarancin gwajin gwaji a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka.<ref name="nytimes_20200807_world2">{{cite news|title=Africa reaches one million confirmed cases, although the true toll may be higher.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/world/covid-19-news.html#link-16eac8b3|access-date=14 August 2020|work=The New York Times|date=7 August 2020|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812151402/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/world/covid-19-news.html#link-16eac8b3|url-status=live}}</ref> Yawan mace -macen kasashen Afirka, ya yi kadan idan aka kwatanta da Turai saboda karancin shekarun alummominsu.<ref name="guardian 6august" /> A ranar 21 ga Agusta Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka (CDC) ta Afirka ta bayyana "kyakkyawan fata" yayin da adadin sabbin wadanda suka kamu ya ragu, yayin da suka yi gargadi game da rashin gamsuwa.<ref name="yahoo_1627442302">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus in Africa: 'Signs of hope' as cases level off|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-africa-signs-hope-cases-162744230.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821222421/https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-africa-signs-hope-cases-162744230.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A wasu ƙasashe, adadin masu kamuwa da cutar ya fara ƙaruwa. A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, John Nkengasong, shugaban CDC na Afirka, ya ce: "Lokaci ya yi da za a tunkari igiyar ruwa ta biyu a yanzu."<ref name="cnn_20201030_africa2">{{Cite web|last=McSweeney|first=Eoin|name-list-style=vanc|date=30 October 2020|title=Africa must prepare for second COVID wave, disease control group says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/30/africa/africa-second-covid-wave-intl/index.html|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=CNN|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030134951/https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/30/africa/africa-second-covid-wave-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, CDC na Afirka da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) sun ba da rahoton cewa tabbatattun shari'o'in suna ƙaruwa tun daga watan Yuli, musamman a Arewacin Afirka (Tunisia, Morocco da Libya). Yanayin ya daidaita a Afirka ta Kudu da Kenya, yayin da Senegal da Equatorial Guinea ke samun koma baya.<ref name="bbc_531815552">{{cite news|last1=Mwai|first1=Peter|name-list-style=vanc|title=Coronavirus: What's happening to the numbers in Africa?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555|access-date=19 November 2020|publisher=BBC Reality Check ,BBC|date=12 November 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030820/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555|url-status=live}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2021, adadin kararrakin ya karu kuma ya kai kusan 202,000 a mako mako zuwa 27 ga Yuni.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Deadly COVID-19 Delta variant taking hold in Africa|url=https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/news/deadly-covid-19-delta-variant-taking-hold-in-africa/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Sub-Saharan Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 13 ga Yuli 2021, 22 daga cikin jihohin Afirka 55 sun ba da rahoton shari'ar bambancin Delta.<ref name=":02" /> == Ƙididdiga == === Jimlar tabbatattun shari'o'i ta ƙasa === Lambobin yau da kullun ga ƙasashen Afirka da suka fi kamuwa da cutar: Yawan lamura masu aiki ta ƙasa.<ref name="SouthAfrica2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in South Africa|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-africa/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920091021/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Egypt2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Egypt|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/egypt/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194147/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/egypt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Morocco2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Morocco|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/morocco/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194149/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/morocco|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Algeria2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Algeria|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/algeria/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194148/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/algeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ghana2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Ghana|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ghana/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194309/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ghana|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cameroon2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Cameroon|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194315/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Nigeria|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nigeria/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194305/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guinea2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Guinea|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/guinea/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194307/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/guinea|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Djibouti2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Djibouti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/djibouti/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194311/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/djibouti|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ivory Coast2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cote-d-ivoire/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194326/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cote-d-ivoire|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tunisia2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Tunisia|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194314/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mauritius2">{{Cite web|url=https://besafemoris.mu/stats/|title=Mauritius Statistics|website=Besafemoris|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423221422/https://besafemoris.mu/stats/|url-status=live}}</ref> == An tabbatar da shari'o'i ta ƙasa da ƙasa == {{COVID-19 cases in Africa}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders static-row-numbers" style="margin-left:1em; text-align:right;" |+ id="904" |Summary table of confirmed cases in Africa (as of 30 September 2021) ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Confirmed cases ! scope="col" |Active confirmed cases ! scope="col" |Recoveries ! scope="col" |Deaths ! scope="col" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa|South Africa]] |2,902,672 |41,702 |2,773,344 |87,626 |<ref name="coronacount"></ref> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco|Morocco]] |933,071 |12,644 |906,160 |14,267 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia|Tunisia]] |707,190 |6,358 |675,942 |24,890 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] |345,674 |27,286 |312,806 |5,582 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Libya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Libya|Libya]] |340,084 |75,859 |259,574 |4,651 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt|Egypt]] |303,783 |30,022 |256,467 |17,294 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya|Kenya]] |249,434 |2,791 |241,520 |5,123 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia|Zambia]] |209,046 |415 |204,983 |3,648 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria|Nigeria]] |205,484 |9,301 |193,482 |2,701 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria|Algeria]] |203,359 |58,238 |139,309 |5,812 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Botswana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana|Botswana]] |179,220 |2,303 |174,549 |2,368 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique|Mozambique]] |150,662 |1,781 |146,966 |1,915 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] |130,485 |3,110 |122,759 |4,616 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia|Namibia]] |127,589 |1,112 |122,966 |3,511 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana|Ghana]] |127,482 |3,088 |123,238 |1,156 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda|Uganda]] |123,572 |24,319 |96,097 |3,156 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda|Rwanda]] |97,517 |50,769 |45,475 |1,273 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon|Cameroon]] |92,303 |10,411 |80,433 |1,459 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal|Senegal]] |73,775 |125 |71,792 |1,858 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi|Malawi]] |61,552 |4,288 |54,983 |2,281 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Côte_d'Ivoire.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] |60,138 |1,668 |57,849 |621 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |56,937 |24,995 |30,858 |1,084 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Angola.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Angola|Angola]] |56,583 |7,482 |47,564 |1,537 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion|Réunion]] |53,682 |653 |52,663 |366 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Eswatini.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini|Eswatini]] |45,924 |618 |44,086 |1,220 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar|Madagascar]] |42,898 |618 |41,322 |958 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan|Sudan]] |38,263 |3,286 |32,075 |2,902 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde|Cape Verde]] |37,576 |561 |36,676 |339 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania|Mauritania]] |35,989 |628 |34,587 |774 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea|Guinea]] |30,392 |1,192 |28,822 |378 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon|Gabon]] |29,515 |2,691 |26,641 |183 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Togo|Togo]] |25,368 |2,232 |22,908 |228 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Benin.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Benin|Benin]] |23,890 |1,738 |21,993 |159 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles|Seychelles]] |21,347 |329 |20,903 |115 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte|Mayotte]] |20,274 |17,132 |2,964 |178 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia|Somalia]] |19,980 |9,346 |9,523 |1,111 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi|Burundi]] |17,728 |16,917 |773 |38 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius|Mauritius]] |15,695 |13,757 |1,854 |84 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mali.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mali|Mali]] |15,194 |350 |14,296 |548 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho|Lesotho]] |14,395 |7,162 |6,830 |403 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |14,243 |179 |13,880 |184 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]] |14,244 |1,630 |12,421 |193 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti|Djibouti]] |12,705 |447 |12,091 |167 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] |11,371 |4,412 |6,859 |100 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan|South Sudan]] |11,995 |250 |11,617 |128 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]] |12,362 |1,207 |11,008 |147 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gambia|Gambia]] |9,934 |8 |9,588 |338 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea|Eritrea]] |6,722 |45 |6,635 |42 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]] |6,393 |1,891 |4,381 |121 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]] |6,103 |666 |5,302 |135 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=|alt=|border|18x18px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Niger|Niger]] |6,008 |53 |5,754 |201 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia|Liberia]] |5,799 |55 |5,458 |286 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Chad.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Chad|Chad]] |5,038 |8 |4,856 |174 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros|Comoros]] |4,141 |31 |3,963 |147 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Principe]] |3,459 |644 |2,765 |50 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania|Tanzania]] |1,367 |1,134 |183 |50 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara|Western Sahara]] |10 |1 |8 |1 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] |6 |1 |6 |0 |<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-2 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-3 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/2021/news/arriving-passenger-tests-positive-for-covid-19/ "Arriving Passenger Tests Positive for COVID-19"]. </cite></ref> |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;" ! scope="row" |Totals |8,357,618 |491,938 |7,654,803 |210,877 | |} == Tsarin lokaci ta ƙasa da ƙasa ==    An tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A safiyar ranar 2 ga Maris, Aljeriya ta tabbatar da sabbin shari'o'i biyu na coronavirus, mace da 'yarta.<ref name="trust_2020030123302">{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200301233025-scjao/|title=Algeria confirms two more coronavirus cases|date=2 March 2020|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302013223/https://news.trust.org/item/20200301233025-scjao/|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, Aljeriya ta ba da rahoton wasu sabbin cututtukan guda biyu na coronavirus. Sabbin kararrakin guda biyu sun fito ne daga gida daya, uba da 'ya, kuma suna zaune a Faransa.<ref name="reuters202003022">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|title=Algeria reports two new coronavirus cases, bringing the total to five|date=2 March 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530020200/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Maris, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta yi rikodin sabbin maganganu huɗu da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus, duka daga dangi ɗaya, wanda ya kawo jimlar adadin 12 da aka tabbatar.<ref name="ennaharonline_202003042">{{cite web|url=https://www.ennaharonline.com/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%83%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%83%d9%88-2/|title=ارتفاع عدد الإصابات المؤكدة بفيروس كورونا إلى 12 حالة|date=4 March 2020|website=النهار أونلاين|language=ar|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305134307/https://www.ennaharonline.com/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%83%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%83%d9%88-2/|archive-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="reuters202003023">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|title=Algeria reports two new coronavirus cases, bringing the total to five|date=2 March 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530020200/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da ƙirar ƙira ta WHO ta ƙiyasta cewa Aljeriya na fuskantar babban haɗarin yaduwar COVID-19 idan ba a ba da fifikon matakan ɗaukar hoto kamar gano lamba ba.<ref name="afro.who.int2">{{Cite web|title=New WHO estimates: Up to 190 000 people could die of COVID-19 in Africa if not controlled|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled|date=7 May 2020|website=WHO {{!}} Regional Office for Africa|language=en|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030818/https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled|url-status=live}}</ref> === Angola === A ranar 21 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a kasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|title=Angola registered its first coronavirus case|newspaper=Informanté|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402022356/https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 20 ga Maris, an rufe dukkan iyakokin Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|title=Angola closes borders for 15 days|last=Oliveira|first=Yokani|name-list-style=vanc|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402022356/https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa 18 ga Afrilu 2020, akwai jimillar mutane 19 da aka tabbatar sun mutu, biyu sun mutu sannan 6 sun warke.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: African Union Member States (52) reporting COVID-19 cases, 18th April 2020|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/africa-press-office/2020/04/18/coronavirus-african-union-member-states-52-reporting-covid-19-cases-18th-april-2020/|date=18 April 2020|website=CNBC Africa|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502104249/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/africa-press-office/2020/04/18/coronavirus-african-union-member-states-52-reporting-covid-19-cases-18th-april-2020/|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Disamba na 2020 jimlar wadanda aka tabbatar sun kai 17,433, inda 10,859 suka warke sannan 405 suka mutu. Akwai kararraki 6,169 masu aiki a karshen watan.<ref name="verangola_1220202">{{cite web|title=País com 62 novas infecções e duas mortes por covid-19|url=https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122020/Saude/23374/País-com-62-novas-infecções-e-duas-mortes-por-covid-19.htm|publisher=Ver Angola|access-date=2 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|language=pt|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030812/https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122020/Saude/23374/Pa%C3%ADs-com-62-novas-infec%C3%A7%C3%B5es-e-duas-mortes-por-covid-19.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> === Benin === A ranar 16 ga Maris 2020, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar.<ref name="trust_2020031613402">{{cite web|title=Somalia, Liberia, Benin and Tanzania confirm first coronavirus cases|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200316134048-5il6b|website=news.trust.org|date=16 March 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323194101/https://news.trust.org/item/20200316134048-5il6b|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 18 ga Afrilu, akwai jimillar wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar guda 35, mutum daya ya mutu sannan 18 sun warke.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2" /> Adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun kai 3,251 a watan Disamba. Akwai marasa lafiya 3,061 da aka murmure, mutuwar 44, da shari'o'i 146 masu aiki a ƙarshen shekara.<ref name="apanews.net2">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|publisher=APA|access-date=1 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200200/http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Botswana === A ranar 30 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki uku na farko a Botswana.<ref name="iol_457973352">{{cite web|title=Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331140206/https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335|archive-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Don hana ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar, gwamnati ta hana taron mutane sama da 50 da shigar mutane daga ƙasashen da ake ganin suna da haɗari.<ref name="mmegi_202003162">{{cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Botswana bans US, UK, China arrivals,All learning institutions to be closed on the 23rd March 2020|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84896&dir=2020/march/16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501230436/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84896&dir=2020%2Fmarch%2F16|archive-date=1 May 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 March 2020|title=Botswana bars travellers from coronavirus-hit countries|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/botswana-bars-travellers-from-coronavirus-hit-countries/|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405192048/https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/botswana-bars-travellers-from-coronavirus-hit-countries/|url-status=live}}</ref> za a rufe iyakokin kuma an ba da izinin Jama'ar Botswana su dawo amma dole ne a keɓe su na tsawon kwanaki 14.<ref>{{cite news|title=Botswana, with No COVID-19 Cases, Closes Borders After Death in Zimbabwe {{!}} Voice of America – English|language=en|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405192037/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe|url-status=live}}</ref> An kuma rufe dukkan makarantun daga ranar 20 ga Maris.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 June 2020|title=Botswana schools reopen amid concerns over preparedness|language=en|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness|access-date=9 June 2020|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608061308/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness|url-status=live}}</ref> === Burkina Faso ===   A ranar 9 ga Maris 2020, an ba da rahoton bullar cutar guda biyu na farko a kasar a Burkina Faso.<ref name="usnews_20200309_burkina2">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-03-09/burkina-faso-confirms-first-cases-of-coronavirus|title=Burkina Faso Confirms First Cases of Coronavirus|date=9 March 2020|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, an kuma tabbatar da karar ta uku, mutumin da ya yi mu'amala kai tsaye da kararrakin biyu na farko.<ref name="voaafrique_53286592">{{cite web|url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/coronavirus-un-troisième-cas-confirmé-au-burkina-faso/5328659.html|title=Coronavirus: un troisième cas confirmé au Burkina Faso|website=VOA|language=fr|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319122918/https://www.voaafrique.com/a/coronavirus-un-troisi%C3%A8me-cas-confirm%C3%A9-au-burkina-faso/5328659.html|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, jimillar mutane bakwai aka tabbatar a kasar. Biyar daga cikin sabbin shari'o'in da aka tabbatar sun yi hulɗa kai tsaye da shari'o'in biyu na farko. Wasaya ɗan ƙasar Ingilishi ne wanda ke aiki a wurin hakar gwal a ƙasar da ya yi hutu a Liverpool kuma ya dawo ranar 10 ga Maris, yana wucewa ta Vancouver da Paris.<ref name="burkina24_20200314_coronavirus2">{{cite web|url=https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-covid-19-7-cas-confirmes-au-burkina/|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) : 7 cas confirmés au Burkina|author=Rédaction B24|date=14 March 2020|website=L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|language=fr-FR|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316134641/https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-covid-19-7-cas-confirmes-au-burkina/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2020|4|18}} there were a total of 557 confirmed cases, 35 deaths and 294 recovered cases.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2" /> Zuwa karshen watan Disambar 2020, an sami adadin mutane 6,631, sun warke 4,978, 1,569 masu aiki, da mutuwar 84.<ref name="apanews_202012312">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|access-date=1 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|publisher=APA|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200200/http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Burundi === A ranar 31 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a kasar.<ref name="reuters_idUSL8N2BO34B2">{{Cite news|title=East African nation of Burundi confirms first coronavirus cases – Health Ministry|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-burundi/east-african-nation-of-burundi-confirms-first-coronavirus-cases-health-ministry-idUSL8N2BO34B|work=Reuters|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404165517/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-burundi/east-african-nation-of-burundi-confirms-first-coronavirus-cases-health-ministry-idUSL8N2BO34B|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Shugaban Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, ya mutu yayin barkewar cutar; a hukumance ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya, amma ana hasashen cewa wataƙila ya mutu daga COVID-19 tare da danginsa kuma an ba da rahoton sun kamu da cutar.<ref name="ft_52149872">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a232c62b-ded1-4dd4-8ca7-a5bb5214987f|title=Coronavirus stalks Burundi's political elite after president's death|first1=David|last1=Pilling|first2=Andres|last2=Schipani|name-list-style=vanc|date=15 June 2020|work=Financial Times|access-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184210/https://www.ft.com/content/a232c62b-ded1-4dd4-8ca7-a5bb5214987f|archive-date=30 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kamaru === A ranar 6 ga Maris aka tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kamaru. <ref name="nytimes_20200306_world2">{{cite news|agency=Reuters|access-date=6 March 2020|title=Cameroon Confirms First Case of Coronavirus|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/06/world/africa/06reuters-health-coronavirus-cameroon.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 March 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308115724/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/06/world/africa/06reuters-health-coronavirus-cameroon.html|archive-date=8 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da ƙirar ƙira ta WHO ta ƙiyasta cewa Kamaru na fuskantar babban haɗarin yaduwar COVID-19 idan ba a ba da fifikon matakan ɗaukar abubuwa kamar gano lamba ba.<ref name="afro.who.int2" /> Kamaru ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 27,336, shari'o'i 1,993 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 451 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 17 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Cape Verde === A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a cikin kasar, mai shekaru 62 daga Burtaniya<ref name=":0" /><ref name="African Countries Respond Quickly2" /> === Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, tare da gano mara lafiyar a matsayin tsoho dan kasar Italiya mai shekaru 74 wanda ya koma Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya daga [[Milano|Milan]], Italiya.<ref name="reuters_idUSL8N2B62KD2">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-centralafrica/central-african-republic-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-who-idUSL8N2B62KD|title=Central African Republic confirms first coronavirus case -WHO|work=Reuters|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315211056/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-centralafrica/central-african-republic-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-who-idUSL8N2B62KD|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Chadi === A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN2162LO2">{{cite news|work=Reuters|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Chad confirms first case of coronavirus: government statement|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO|date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320155727/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Fiye da mutane 4,000 ya zuwa yanzu sun gwada inganci<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chad Coronavirus: 4,427 Cases and 157 Deaths – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/chad/|access-date=23 March 2021|website=worldometers.info|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322211139/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/chad/|url-status=live}}</ref> A matsayin matakin rigakafin, gwamnati ta soke dukkan jiragen da ke shigowa cikin kasar, in ban da na jigilar kaya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus-free Chad shuts borders, airports|url=https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211606/https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=The Cable|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2020|title=Chad to close airports over coronavirus fears|url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211556/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=[[Medical Xpress]]|language=en}}</ref> === Comoros === A matsayin matakin rigakafin, matafiya masu isowa za a keɓe su na kwanaki 14 da isowa. Don hana yaduwar cutar, gwamnati ta soke dukkan jiragen sama masu shigowa tare da hana manyan taruka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros/coronavirus|title=Coronavirus – Comoros travel advice|website=GOV.UK|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403204029/https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros/coronavirus|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2020, mutumin da ya isa [[Mayotte]] daga Comoros ya gwada inganci don COVID-19.<ref name="comoros_mayotte2">{{Cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/un-cas-de-coronavirus-a-ete-importe-des-comores-823226.html|title=Un cas de Coronavirus a été importé des Comores|language=fr|access-date=15 April 2020|website=Mayotte la 1ère|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423223119/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/un-cas-de-coronavirus-a-ete-importe-des-comores-823226.html|archive-date=23 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Comoros.<ref name="china_759967882">{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-04/30/content_75996788.htm|title=Comoros reports 1st COVID-19 case|website=China.org.cn|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501223325/http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-04/30/content_75996788.htm|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, an sanar da mutuwar farko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stopcoronavirus.km|title=Stop Covid-19 Comores|language=fr|access-date=6 May 2020|website=Stop Coronavirus.km|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504231552/https://stopcoronavirus.km/|archive-date=4 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An gwada mutane 54, kuma an gano lambobin 53.<ref name="stopcoronavirus_20200506_bulletin2">{{Cite web|url=https://stopcoronavirus.km/actualités/2020/05/06/bulletin-quotidien-sur-le-covid-19/|title=Bulletin quotidien sur le Covid-19|access-date=7 May 2020|website=Stop Coronavirus.km|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516091312/https://stopcoronavirus.km/actualit%C3%A9s/2020/05/06/bulletin-quotidien-sur-le-covid-19/|archive-date=16 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo === [[File:Woman_washing_hands_in_DRC_-_Covid-19.jpg|thumb|A cikin DRC, [[MONUSCO|Runduna Mai shiga tsakani na rundunar MONUSCO]] ta dauki matakan inganta tsafta don taimakawa rage yaduwar cutar.]] A ranar 10 ga watan Maris, an ba da rahoton shari'ar farko ta COVID-19 a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="nationalpost_202003102">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/democratic-republic-of-congo-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-2|title=Democratic Republic of Congo confirms first coronavirus case|work=National Post|date=10 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183217/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/democratic-republic-of-congo-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-2|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga Maris 2021, sama da mutane 25,000 sun gwada inganci<ref>{{Cite web|title=DR Congo Coronavirus|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=worldometers.info|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314205036/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=StopCoronavirus RDC|url=https://www.stopcoronavirusrdc.info/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=stopcoronavirusdc.info|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610011421/https://www.stopcoronavirusrdc.info/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga 27 ga watan Yuli 2021, an gano bambancin Delta a kashi 76% na samfuran da aka bincika.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Deadly COVID-19 Delta variant taking hold in Africa|url=https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/news/deadly-covid-19-delta-variant-taking-hold-in-africa/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Sub-Saharan Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> === Matakan rigakafin === A ranar 19 ga wata Maris, Shugaba [[Félix Tshisekedi|Félix Tshisekedi ya ba da]] sanarwar cewa za a dakatar da dukkan jirage.<ref name="AA 1st death2">{{cite news|title=Democratic Republic of Congo sees 1st coronavirus death|work=aa.com.tr|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084716/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|url-status=live}}</ref> Shugaban ya kafa dokar ta -baci tare da rufe kan iyakoki.<ref name="france24_202003252">{{Cite news|last=Bonnerot|first=Clément|date=25 March 2020|title=DR Congo president imposes state of emergency to contain coronavirus outbreak|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325132438/https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|url-status=live}}</ref> An kuma rufe makarantu, mashaya, gidajen abinci, da wuraren ibada. === Jamhuriyar Congo === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, wani mutum mai shekaru 50 wanda ya koma Jamhuriyar Congo daga Paris, Faransa.<ref name="trust_2020031423152">{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200314231524-ebs0t|title=Congo Republic confirms first coronavirus case -government|date=15 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316101152/https://news.trust.org/item/20200314231524-ebs0t|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Djibouti === A ranar 18 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Djibouti. === Misira === [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar|Ma'aikatar lafiya ta]] Masar ta sanar da shari'ar farko a kasar a [[Filin jirgin saman Kairo|filin jirgin saman Alkahira]] wanda ya shafi wani dan China a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu.<ref name="egypttoday_202002142">{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|work=Egypt Today|date=14 February 2020|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbc_515092482" /> A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar da WHO sun tabbatar da sabbin maganganu 12 na kamuwa da cutar coronavirus.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20T1IQ2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-egypt-idUSKBN20T1IQ|title=Twelve asymptomatic coronavirus cases registered on Nile cruise ship|date=6 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=7 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307192640/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-egypt-idUSKBN20T1IQ|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar na cikin ma'aikatan Masar da ke cikin jirgin ruwan ''Nilu Anuket'', wanda ke tafiya daga [[Aswan]] zuwa [[Luxor]] . A ranar 7 ga watan Maris 2020, hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun ba da sanarwar cewa mutane 45 da ke cikin jirgin sun gwada inganci, kuma an sanya jirgin a keɓe a tashar jirgin ruwa a [[Luxor]] .<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20T1IQ2" /> Misira ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 152,719, 24,045 lokuta masu aiki, da jimillar mutuwar 8,362 a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 81 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan22">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021, dangin wani COVID-19 mai shekaru 62 wanda ya mutu a Babban Asibitin El Husseineya na Masar saboda karancin iskar oxygen ya sanya bidiyon asibitin a Facebook. Bidiyon da ya nuna ma’aikatan lafiya a cikin wahala, suna farfado da wani mutum tare da taimakon injin [[Ventilator|hura iska]] ya shiga yanar gizo, yana mai gayyatar hankalin duniya game da gazawar gwamnati wajen magance cutar. Marasa lafiya huɗu sun mutu a wannan ranar kuma sanarwar hukuma da asibitin ta bayar ta ƙarasa da cewa marasa lafiyar sun sha wahala "rikitarwa", suna musanta "wata alaƙa" ta mutuwarsu tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen. Wani bincike da [[New York Times|New York Times ta]] jagoranta ya gano sabanin haka a cikin abin da bayanan da aka bayar yayin hirar da duka, dangin marasa lafiya, da ma'aikatan lafiya, suka tabbatar da sanadin mutuwar a matsayin rashin iskar oxygen.<ref name="nytimes_20210118_world2">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/world/middleeast/egypt-hospital-oxygen-virus.html|title=Egypt Denied an Oxygen Failure Killed Covid Patients. We Found That It Did.|access-date=18 January 2021|website=The New York Times|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/world/middleeast/egypt-hospital-oxygen-virus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Masar ta fara yiwa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya allurar rigakafin cutar a ranar 24 ga Janairu. Likitoci sama da 300 sun mutu.<ref name="msn_15415122622912">{{cite news|title=Egypt kicks off vaccine drive as France tightens borders|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/egypt-kicks-off-vaccine-drive-as-france-tightens-borders/ar-BB1d2RFG?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|access-date=24 January 2021|publisher=MSN|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=24 January 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129093228/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/egypt-kicks-off-vaccine-drive-as-france-tightens-borders/ar-BB1d2RFG?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|url-status=live}}</ref> === Equatorial Guinea === A ranar 14 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a kasar.<ref name="deccanherald_8138022">{{cite news|title=Equatorial Guinea announces first coronavirus case|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/equatorial-guinea-announces-first-coronavirus-case-813802.html|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315210831/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/equatorial-guinea-announces-first-coronavirus-case-813802.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Eritrea === A ranar 20 ga Maris, an tabbatar da karar farko a Eritrea.<ref name="nationalpost.com2">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/angola-eritrea-uganda-confirm-first-cases-as-coronavirus-spreads-in-africa|title=Angola, Eritrea, Uganda confirm first cases as coronavirus spreads in Africa|work=National Post|date=21 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183507/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/angola-eritrea-uganda-confirm-first-cases-as-coronavirus-spreads-in-africa|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Eswatini === A ranar 14 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a kasar.<ref name="jpost_6208972">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Eswatini-in-Southern-Africa-reports-first-coronavirus-case-620897|title=Eswatini in Southern Africa reports first coronavirus case|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314135632/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Eswatini-in-Southern-Africa-reports-first-coronavirus-case-620897|archive-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> === Habasha === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 13 ga Maris, wanda mutumin Japan ne wanda ya isa kasar a ranar 4 ga Maris daga Burkina Faso.<ref name="aljazeera_2003122356062">{{cite web|access-date=13 March 2020|title=Ethiopia confirms first coronavirus case: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/stocks-collapse-coronavirus-global-pandemic-live-200312235606108.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313090407/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/stocks-collapse-coronavirus-global-pandemic-live-200312235606108.html|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba da rahoton ƙarin ƙarin cutar guda uku a ranar 15 ga Maris. Mutanen uku sun yi mu'amala ta kusa da mutumin da aka ba da rahoton cewa ya kamu da cutar a ranar 13 ga Maris. Tun daga wannan lokacin, karin mutane takwas da aka tabbatar sun kamu da [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya (Habasha)|cutar a ma'aikatar lafiya]] ga jama'a, wanda ya kawo jimlar zuwa goma sha biyu. Daga cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar an ce wata tsohuwa 'yar Habasha' yar shekara tamanin da haihuwa tana da wasu alamun cutar yayin da wasu takwas ke kan hanyar murmurewa kuma suna nuna karancin alamun cutar. A ranar 27 ga Maris, ministan lafiya ya sake fitar da wata sanarwa inda ya bayyana cewa an gano karin wasu mutane hudu yayin da daya ke cikin birnin [[Adama]] [[Yankin Oromia|na jihar Oromia]] kuma sauran ukun suna [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] . Haka kuma, Ministan Lafiya ya tabbatar da wasu kararraki uku a ranar 31 ga Maris 2020. Hakanan, washegari an kara wasu kararraki uku. A cikin sanarwar manema labarai da ta gabata, hukumomin gwamnati sun lura cewa an sake gwada shari'ar guda ɗaya kuma an tabbatar da cewa ba ta da kyau kuma an aika biyu daga cikin shari'o'in da aka tabbatar zuwa ƙasarsu (Japan). A jimilce, an tabbatar da shari'o'i ashirin da tara {{As of|2020|4|1}} . A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2020 saboda ƙarin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi, an sami ƙarin shari'o'i shida da ke ƙaruwa zuwa talatin da biyar. Gwamnati da al'umma gaba ɗaya suna ɗaukar matakai don dakile ƙarin yaduwar wannan ƙwayar cuta. Daga cikin lamuran guda shida da aka gano akwai mutanen da ba su da tarihin balaguron kwanan nan, wanda hakan ya sanya ya firgita jama'a.<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-2 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, an ba da rahoton ƙarin ƙarin cutar guda uku. Duk kararrakin sun fito ne daga Addis Ababa. Biyu daga cikin marassa lafiyar, ɗan shekara 29 da ɗan Habasha mai shekaru 34, suna da tarihin balaguro zuwa [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] a ranakun daban-daban. Laifin na uku na mace Habasha ce 'yar shekara 35 da ta zo daga Sweden ranar 3 ga Afrilu. [31] A wannan ranar, an ba da rahoton ƙarin murmurewa, wanda ya ƙaru jimlar adadin waɗanda aka warke zuwa 4.A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, an sami karin wasu sabbin maganganu guda biyar na kwayar cutar. Uku daga cikinsu 'yan Habasha ne. Sauran biyun ‘yan asalin Libya da Eritrea ne. [33]. Akwai jimlar kararraki 43 {{As of|2020|4|5|lc=y}} . A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, an gano ƙarin mutane kuma jimillar ta kasance 54. Daga cikin gwaje -gwaje 200+ da aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2020, an ƙara ƙarin shari'ar zuwa adadin wanda ya sa ya zama 55. Tare da halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu na nuna yaduwar cutar Habasha ta ayyana [[Dokar ta baci|dokar ta -baci]] . Tilahun Woldemichael, wani malamin [[Ikklesiyar Orthodox ta Habasha|addinin Orthodox na Habasha]] wanda aka ce yana da shekara 114, an sallame shi daga asibiti a ranar 25 ga Yuni bayan an yi masa magani da iskar oxygen da [[dexamethasone]] don coronavirus. Habasha tana da shari'o'i 5,200 da aka tabbatar.<ref name="aljazeera_2003122356062" /> Habasha ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 129,455, shari'o'i 12,882 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 2,006 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan daidai yake da mutuwar 17 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan2" /> == Yankunan Faransa == === Mayotte === An ba da rahoton shari'ar farko [[Annobar cutar covid-19|ta cutar COVID-19]] a cikin sashin Faransa na [[Sashen waje da yanki|ketare da yankin]] [[Mayotte]] a ranar 13 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="francetvinfo_8108562">{{cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/mayotte-enregistre-premier-cas-coronavirus-810856.html|title=Mayotte enregistre un premier cas de Coronavirus|first=Toufaili|last=Andjilani|name-list-style=vanc|newspaper=[[La Première (France)|Mayotte 1ère]]|date=14 March 2020|language=fr|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315144804/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/mayotte-enregistre-premier-cas-coronavirus-810856.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Maris mutum na farko ya mutu sakamakon COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/coronavirus-covid-19-12-nouveaux-cas-confirmes-mayotte-94-au-total-818100.html|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 : 12 nouveaux cas confirmés à Mayotte : 94 au total|website=Mayotte la 1ère|language=fr-FR|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407024001/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/coronavirus-covid-19-12-nouveaux-cas-confirmes-mayotte-94-au-total-818100.html|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Asibiti ɗaya a Mayotte ya cika da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a cikin Fabrairu 2021. Sojojin Faransa sun tura ma'aikatan lafiya da wasu gadaje na ICU, amma bai isa ba.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chamsidine|first1=Sony|last2=Charlton|first2=Angela|name-list-style=vanc|title=Surging virus in French African outpost reveals inequalities|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/surging-virus-in-french-african-outpost-reveals-inequalities/ar-BB1dyxEl?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|access-date=10 February 2021|publisher=MSN|agency=Associated Press|date=9 February 2021}}</ref> === Haɗuwa === An [[Annobar cutar covid-19|tabbatar da cewa cutar ta COVID-19 ta]] isa sashen Faransanci na ketare da yankin [[Haɗuwa|Réunion]] a ranar 11 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="francetvinfo_8095522">{{cite web|first=Laura|last=Philippon|name-list-style=vanc|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/premier-cas-coronavirus-confirme-reunion-809552.html|title=Un premier cas de coronavirus confirmé à La Réunion|language=fr|work=France Info|date=11 March 2020|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405144320/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/premier-cas-coronavirus-confirme-reunion-809552.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gabon === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 12 ga Maris, wani dan kasar Gabon mai shekaru 27 wanda ya dawo Gabon daga Faransa kwanaki 4 kafin tabbatar da cutar coronavirus.<ref name="nationalpost_202003132">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ghana-gabon-confirm-first-cases-of-coronavirus|title=Ghana, Gabon confirm first cases of coronavirus|work=National Post|date=13 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200313050647/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ghana-gabon-confirm-first-cases-of-coronavirus|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gambiya === Gambiya ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar coronavirus ta farko daga wata mata 'yar shekara 20 da ta dawo daga Ingila ranar 17 ga Maris.<ref name="nationalpost_202003172">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/gambia-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus-health-minister|title=Gambia reports first case of coronavirus -health minister|work=National Post|date=17 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183416/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/gambia-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus-health-minister|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ghana === Ghana ta ba da rahoton kararrakinta biyu na farko a ranar 12 ga Maris. Laifukan biyu mutane ne da suka dawo ƙasar daga Norway da Turkiyya, tare da fara binciken tuntuɓar. <ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20Z3X92">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ghana-gabon-idUSKBN20Z3X9|title=Ghana, Gabon confirm first cases of coronavirus|date=13 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=13 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313132325/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ghana-gabon-idUSKBN20Z3X9|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="starrfm_202003122">{{cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/ghana-confirms-two-coronavirus-cases/|title=Ghana confirms two Coronavirus cases|publisher=[[Starr Fm]]|last=Acheampong|first=Kwame|name-list-style=vanc|date=12 March 2020|language=en-US|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324080900/https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/ghana-confirms-two-coronavirus-cases/|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Maris, Ministan Kudi, [[Ken Ofori-Atta]], ya yi cedi daidai $ 100&nbsp;miliyoyin don haɓaka shirye -shiryen shirye -shiryen coronavirus da Ghana. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Ghana ta ba da rahoto a ranar 6 ga Agusta cewa sama da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 2,000 ne suka kamu da cutar kuma shida sun mutu.<ref name="cnn_20200718_africa2">{{cite web|last1=Adamu|first1=Zaina|name-list-style=vanc|title=Over 2,000 health care workers in Ghana have been infected with coronavirus|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/18/africa/ghana-healthcare-workers-coronavirus/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034923/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/18/africa/ghana-healthcare-workers-coronavirus/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ghana ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 56,981, 1,404 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 341 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 11 a kowace miliyan daya. <ref name="numbers_jan24">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gini === A ranar 13 ga Maris, Guinea ta tabbatar da karar ta ta farko, ma'aikaciyar tawagar [[Tarayyar Turai]] a Guinea.<ref name="nytimes_20200313_world2">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/13/world/africa/13reuters-health-coronavirus-guinea.html|title=EU Employee Tests Positive for Coronavirus in Guinea's First Case|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324080857/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/13/world/africa/13reuters-health-coronavirus-guinea.html|archive-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Aminci ya buɗe wani masallaci da ƙarfi a [[Dubreka|Dubréka]] a watan Mayu. <ref name="ramadan2">{{cite web|title=As mosques reopen in West Africa, COVID-19 fears grow|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|website=ABC News|access-date=17 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517173119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|archive-date=17 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Guinea-Bissau === A ranar 25 ga Maris, Guinea-Bissau ta tabbatar da shari'o'in COVID-19 guda biyu na farko, ma’aikacin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Congo da kuma dan kasar Indiya.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN21C2EA2">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bissau/guinea-bissau-confirms-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN21C2EA|title=Guinea-Bissau confirms first two cases of coronavirus|work=Reuters|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160911/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bissau/guinea-bissau-confirms-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN21C2EA|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ivory Coast === A ranar 11 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar. <ref name="dailysabah_202003112">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ivory-coast-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus/news|title=Ivory Coast confirms first case of coronavirus|date=11 March 2020|website=[[Daily Sabah]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318015626/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ivory-coast-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus/news|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Kasar Ivory Coast ta ba da rahoton kararraki 24,369, shari'o'i 1,373 masu aiki, da mutuwar mutane 140 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane biyar a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan25">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kenya === A ranar 12 ga Maris 2020, Shugaba [[Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta]] ya tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.health.go.ke/kenya-coronavirus-cases-rise-to-four-cs-health/|title=Kenya coronavirus cases rise to four, CS health – MINISTRY OF HEALTH|language=en-US|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325111524/http://www.health.go.ke/kenya-coronavirus-cases-rise-to-four-cs-health/|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kenya, wata mata da ta fito daga Amurka ta London.<ref name="nation_54892682">{{cite web|author=ELIZABETH MERAB|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-confirms-first-coronavirus-case/1056-5489268-28tqll/index.html|title=Kenya confirms first coronavirus case – VIDEO – Daily Nation|work=Daily Nation|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314162316/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-confirms-first-coronavirus-case/1056-5489268-28tqll/index.html|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kenya ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 98,555, 15,168 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 1,720 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 32 a kowace miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan26">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Lesotho === A ranar 13 ga Mayu, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Lesotho.<ref name="numbers_jan3">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com22">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>Kasar ta rubuta mutuwar farko a ranar 9 ga Yuli. === Laberiya === A ranar 16 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Laberiya.<ref name="frontpageafricaonline_202003162">{{cite web|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-records-first-case-of-coronavirs-health-authorities-hold-emergency-meeting/|title=Liberia Records First Case of Coronavirus; Health Authorities Hold Emergency Meeting|date=16 March 2020|website=[[FrontPage Africa]]|language=en-US|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184328/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-records-first-case-of-coronavirs-health-authorities-hold-emergency-meeting/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guardian2020-03-162">{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|name-list-style=vanc|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/16/african-nations-impose-stricter-measures-as-coronavirus-spreads|title=African nations impose stricter measures as coronavirus spreads|date=16 March 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316215257/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/16/african-nations-impose-stricter-measures-as-coronavirus-spreads|archive-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> An ba da izinin sake buɗe majami'u da masallatai har zuwa 17 ga Mayu. <ref name="ramadan3">{{cite web|title=As mosques reopen in West Africa, COVID-19 fears grow|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|website=ABC News|access-date=17 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517173119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|archive-date=17 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Libya === A ranar 17 ga Maris, don hana yaduwar kwayar cutar, [[Gwamnatin Yarjejeniyar Kasa]] da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ita ta rufe kan iyakokin kasar, ta dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na makwanni uku tare da hana ‘yan kasashen waje shiga kasar; makarantu, wuraren shakatawa, masallatai da wuraren taruwar jama'a suma an rufe su. <ref name="numbers_jan3" /> A ranar 24 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Libya. <ref name="latimes.com22" /> Libya ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 106,670, 21,730 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 1,629 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 235 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya. <ref name="numbers_jan2" /> === Madagaskar === A ranar 20 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar guda uku na farko a Madagascar. Duk mata ne.<ref name="frontpageafricaonline_202003162" /> Madagascar tana da adadin 225 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus, 98 sun warke, kuma babu mace -macen {{As of|2020|5|8}} .<ref name="guardian2020-03-162" /> Madagascar <nowiki>'' maganin '' tushen '' magani ''</nowiki> wanda ake kira ''COVID-19 Organics'' ana turawa duk da gargadin da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi]] cewa ba a tabbatar da ingancin sa ba. Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Congo, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Laberiya, da Guinea Bissau duk sun riga sun karɓi dubban allurai na COVID-19 Organics kyauta. <ref name="guardian2020-03-162" /> === Malawi === A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da kararraki uku na farko a Malawi.<ref name="ramadan3" /> A watan Afrilu 2020 Babbar Kotun Malawi ta ba da umarni na toshe matakan kulle -kullen da gwamnatin Malawi ta sanya. <ref name="aljazeera_20200417_malawi">{{cite news|title=Malawi high court blocks coronavirus lockdown|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/17/malawi-high-court-blocks-coronavirus-lockdown|access-date=18 November 2020|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123204536/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/17/malawi-high-court-blocks-coronavirus-lockdown|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="malawilii_20200417">{{cite news|title=''S v President of Malawi and Others; Ex Parte: Kathumba and Others'' (Judicial Review Cause No. 22 of 2020) [2020] MWHC 7 (17 April 2020)|url=https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/7|access-date=18 November 2020|agency=High Court of Malawi|date=17 April 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030811/https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/7|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2020 gwamnatin Malawi ta ƙaddamar da ƙarin matakan da suka haɗa da sanya abin rufe fuska a wuraren jama'a don dakile yaduwar cutar <ref name="Malawi Restrictions">{{cite news|title=Malawi Makes Masks Mandatory in COVID-19 Fight|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-makes-masks-mandatory-covid-19-fight#:~:text=BLANTYRE%2C%20MALAWI%20%2D%20Malawi%20has%20made,a%20fine%20of%20about%20%2415.|access-date=18 November 2020|date=8 August 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002003802/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-makes-masks-mandatory-covid-19-fight#:~:text=BLANTYRE%2C%20MALAWI%20%2D%20Malawi%20has%20made,a%20fine%20of%20about%20%2415.|url-status=live}}</ref> === Mali === A ranar 25 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a Mali. <ref name="garda_326341">{{Cite news|title=Mali: Authorities confirm first COVID-19 cases March 25 /update 2|url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/326341/mali-authorities-confirm-first-covid-19-cases-march-25-update-2|work=garda.com|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325165909/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/326341/mali-authorities-confirm-first-covid-19-cases-march-25-update-2|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Hana fita waje ==== A cikin Maris 2020, Matshidiso Moeti na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya ce [[Tsaftar hannu|wanke hannu]] da [[Ba wa Juna Tazara|nesanta jiki na]] iya zama ƙalubale a wasu wurare a Afirka. An yi tunanin cewa kulle -kullen ba zai yiwu ba, kuma ƙalubalen na iya taɓarɓarewa saboda yawaitar cututtuka kamar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], AIDS, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], da kwalara .<ref name="African Countries Respond Quickly2">{{cite news|title=African Countries Respond Quickly To Spread Of COVID-19|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/21/818894991/african-countries-respond-quickly-to-spread-of-covid-19|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=NPR|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326082508/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/21/818894991/african-countries-respond-quickly-to-spread-of-covid-19|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Koyaya, ya zuwa watan Mayu, aƙalla ƙasashe 42 na Afirka sun sanya takunkumin rufe fuska ko cikakken tsari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 for Africa: Lockdown exit strategies {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|url=https://www.uneca.org/covid-19-africa-lockdown-exit-strategies|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.uneca.org}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara sun ce dabarun da ke kan gwaji na iya ba wa ƙasashen Afirka damar rage kulle -kullen da ke haifar da matsananciyar wahala ga waɗanda ke dogaro da kuɗin da ake samu kowace rana don samun damar ciyar da kansu da danginsu. Bugu da kari, akwai karuwar barazanar yunwa a kasashen Afirka da dama .<ref name="cnn_20200422_africa2">{{Cite web|first=Rob|last=Picheta|name-list-style=vanc|title=Coronavirus pandemic will cause global famines of 'biblical proportions,' UN warns|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html|access-date=13 July 2020|publisher=CNN|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712083413/https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An aiwatar da matakan rigakafin da yawa a cikin kasashe daban -daban na Afirka, gami da takunkumin tafiye -tafiye, soke jirgin sama, soke taron,<ref name="CNN 2020-03-092">{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> rufe makarantu, da rufe kan iyaka.<ref name="UN Sees Africa Sliding Into Recession2">{{cite news|title=UN Sees Africa Sliding Into Recession Without Debt-Service Help|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/un-sees-africa-sliding-into-recession-without-debt-service-help|access-date=25 March 2020|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=24 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163930/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/un-sees-africa-sliding-into-recession-without-debt-service-help|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Masu tasiri na zamantakewa da mashahuran mutane sun haɗu da murya tare da ƙwararrun masana lafiyar jama'a suna roƙon mutane da su yi nesantawar jama'a.<ref name="BMC2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran matakan don ɗauka da iyakance yaduwar cutar sun haɗa da dokar hana fita, kulle -kulle, da tilasta sanya abin rufe fuska . ==== Kasuwanci na gida ==== Kasuwannin cikin gida sun tallafa wa ƙoƙarin mayar da martani ta hanyar kuɗi kuma sun fara kera abin rufe fuska da tsabtace hannu.<ref name="BMC3">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Kafofin watsa labarun ==== An yi babban ƙoƙari don yaƙar ɓarkewar COVID-19 da samar da ingantattun bayanai don tallafawa martanin COVID-19.<ref name="BMC4">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="UN2">{{cite web|title=UN, news organizations and artists fight against COVID-19 fake news|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|website=Africa Renewal Magazine|date=30 July 2020|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119041002/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin "tabbatarwa" na kafafen sada zumunta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi amfani da "masu aikin sa kai na bayanai" don taimakawa wajen karyata ikirarin karya game da gwajin allurar rigakafi da warkar da karya.<ref name="UN3">{{cite web|title=UN, news organizations and artists fight against COVID-19 fake news|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|website=Africa Renewal Magazine|date=30 July 2020|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119041002/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> [[UNESCO|Shirin UNESCO]] #DontGoViral ya ba da damar dacewa da al'adu, bayanai masu buɗewa cikin yarukan gida. <ref name="UN">{{Cite web}}</ref> Hukumar sadarwa ta 35-Arewa ta yi hadin gwiwa da COVID-19 Africa Open Data Project don yakar labaran karya ta Telegram da WhatsApp.<ref name="Tribune22">{{cite web|title=Philippe Perdrix et Romain Grandjean : face à la crise, "une information fiable permet de prendre les mesures adéquates et efficaces"|url=https://afrique.latribune.fr/think-tank/entretiens/2020-04-20/philippe-perdrix-et-romain-grandjean-face-a-la-crise-une-information-fiable-permet-de-prendre-les-mesures-adequates-et-efficaces-845640.html|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116210854/https://afrique.latribune.fr/think-tank/entretiens/2020-04-20/philippe-perdrix-et-romain-grandjean-face-a-la-crise-une-information-fiable-permet-de-prendre-les-mesures-adequates-et-efficaces-845640.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Duba kuma == {{Div col|colwidth=27em}} * [[1899–1923 cholera pandemic]] * [[Spanish flu|1918 Spanish flu pandemic]] * [[2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak]] * [[2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak]] * [[2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan]] * [[2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak]] * [[2019–2020 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] * [[Kivu Ebola epidemic|2018 Kivu Ebola epidemic]] * [[21st century Madagascar plague outbreaks|2014 & 2017 Madagascar plague outbreaks]] * [[Black Death]] * [[HIV/AIDS in Africa]] * [[Western African Ebola virus epidemic|2013–16 Western African Ebola virus epidemic]] {{End div col}} == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://africacdc.org/covid-19/ Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka (CDC) Dashboard akan COVID-19] * [http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/ COVID-19 Africa Open Data Project Dashboard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109105032/http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/ |date=2021-01-09 }} * [https://data.wahooas.org//outbreaks/#/ Kungiyar Lafiya ta Yammacin Afirka COVID-19 Dashboard] * [https://covid19.who.int/ Dashboard na WHO COVID-19] [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] fiiwn72ln0a1pybvto7vmp2yzbcxk6w 885244 885243 2026-07-20T11:58:19Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Pupil washes hands during COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.jpg|thumb|Wata yariya tana wanke hannu a lokacin annobar a kasar Ghana]] [[File:COVID-19 Outbreak Africa Map.svg|thumb|Taswira na nuna yanayin yanda cutar ta barke a kasashen afurika]] Annobar cutar covid-19 an tabbatar ya bazu zuwa Afirka a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2020, tare da sanar da shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a Masar.<ref name="bbc_515092482">{{cite news|title=Beijing orders 14-day quarantine for all returnees|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[BBC News]]|date=15 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214210032/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51509248|archive-date=14 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Egypt Today]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko da aka tabbatar a yankin kudu da Sahara [[COVID-19 a Najeriya|a Najeriya]] a karshen watan Fabrairu 2020. <ref name="bbc_516718342">{{cite news|title=Nigeria confirms first coronavirus case|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51671834|access-date=24 March 2020|work=BBC News|date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302181240/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-51671834|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin watanni uku, kwayar cutar ta bazu ko'ina cikin nahiyar, kamar yadda Lesotho, ƙasar [[Afirka]] ta ƙarshe da ta tsira daga kamuwa da cutar, ta ba da rahoton shari'ar a ranar 13 ga Mayu 2020.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN22P1R42">{{Cite news|date=13 May 2020|title=Remote Lesotho becomes last country in Africa to record COVID-19 case|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514053312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lesotho-idUSKBN22P1R4|archive-date=14 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya zuwa 26 ga Mayu, da alama yawancin <ref>https://africarxiv.pubpub.org/pub/00101-hausa/release/1</ref>ƙasashen Afirka suna fuskantar watsawar al'umma, kodayake iyakancewar gwajin ba ta da iyaka.<ref name="theguardian_20200526_africa2">{{Cite web|last=Akinwotu|first=Emmanuel|name-list-style=vanc|date=26 May 2020|title=Experts sound alarm over lack of Covid-19 test kits in Africa|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/26/africa-concerned-over-lack-of-coronavirus-testing-kits|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529155322/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/may/26/africa-concerned-over-lack-of-coronavirus-testing-kits|archive-date=29 May 2020|access-date=29 May 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> Yawancin cututtukan da aka gano sun shigo daga Turai da Amurka maimakon daga China inda cutar ta samo asali.<ref name="Africa Braces2">{{cite news|last1=Maclean|first1=Ruth|name-list-style=vanc|title=Africa Braces for Coronavirus, but Slowly|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/africa/coronavirus-africa-burkina-faso.html|access-date=25 March 2020|work=The New York Times|date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325014602/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/17/world/africa/coronavirus-africa-burkina-faso.html|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A farkon Yuni 2021, Afirka ta fuskanci guguwar [[COVID-19 pandemic in Angola|COVID]] ta uku tare da bullar cutar a ƙasashe 14.<ref name="theguardian_20210607_third2">{{Cite web|date=7 June 2021|title=Third wave sweeps across Africa as Covid vaccine imports dry up|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/07/third-wave-sweeps-across-africa-as-covid-vaccine-imports-dry-up|access-date=9 June 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Zuwa ranar 4 ga Yuli nahiyar ta yi rikodin fiye da 251,000 sabbin cututtukan Covid, karuwar kashi 20% daga makon da ya gabata da karuwar kashi 12% daga kololuwar Janairu. Fiye da ƙasashe goma sha shida na Afirka, ciki har da [[Malawi]] da Senegal, sun sami ci gaba a sabbin lokuta.<ref name="Mendez2">{{Cite web|last=Mendez|first=Rich|name-list-style=vanc|date=2021-07-08|title=Africa suffers worst surge in Covid cases as delta variant spurs third wave of pandemic|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/08/delta-variant-africa-suffers-worst-surge-in-covid-cases-officials-brace-for-third-wave.html|access-date=2021-07-09|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref> Hukumar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi mata lakabi da 'Mafi Mutuwar Cutar Kwayar cuta ta [[Afirka]]'.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dahir|first=Abdi Latif|name-list-style=vanc|date=2021-07-08|title=Africa marks its 'worst pandemic week' yet, with cases surging and vaccine scarce, the W.H.O. says.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/08/world/africa-coronavirus-cases-who.html|access-date=2021-07-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> An yi imanin cewa akwai karancin rahoto a ƙasashe da yawa na Afirka waɗanda ba su da ingantaccen tsarin kiwon lafiya .<ref name="theguardian_20200502_somali2">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow|title=Somali medics report rapid rise in deaths as Covid-19 fears grow|vauthors=Burke J, Mumin AA|date=2 May 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519055745/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/02/somali-medics-report-rapid-rise-in-deaths-as-covid-19-fears-grow|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da nazarin yanayin yanayi na bazara na [[Juba|shekarar 2020 a Juba]] a Sudan ta Kudu, kasa da kashi 1% na masu kamuwa da cutar sun kamu da cutar.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Wiens KE, Mawien PN, Rumunu J, Slater D, Jones FK, Moheed S, Caflisch A, Bior BK, Jacob IA, Lako RL, Guyo AG, Olu OO, Maleghemi S, Baguma A, Hassen JJ, Baya SK, Deng L, Lessler J, Demby MN, Sanchez V, Mills R, Fraser C, Charles RC, Harris JB, Azman AS, Wamala JF|display-authors=6|title=Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020¹|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|volume=27|issue=6|pages=1598–1606|date=June 2021|pmid=34013872|pmc=8153877|doi=10.3201/eid2706.210568}}</ref> An sami sabbin bambance -bambancen damuwa game da kwayar cutar a Afirka: a cikin Fabrairu 2020 nau'in Beta a Afirka ta Kudu,<ref>{{cite web|display-authors=6|title=B.1.351 Lineage Report|url=https://outbreak.info/situation-reports?pango=B.1.351|access-date=6 June 2021|website=outbreak.info|vauthors=Latif AA, Mullen JL, Alkuzweny M, Tsueng G, Cano M, Haag E, Zhou J, Zeller M, Matteson N, Wu C, Andersen KG, Su AI, Gangavarapu K, Hughes LD}}</ref> kuma a cikin Disamba 2020 bambancin Eta a Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lineage B.1.525|url=https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.525.html|access-date=6 June 2021|website=cov-lineages.org|publisher=[[Phylogenetic Assignment of Named Global Outbreak Lineages|Pango]] team|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606144312/https://cov-lineages.org/lineages/lineage_B.1.525.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="aljazeera_20201224_new2">{{cite news|title=Another new COVID strain found in Nigeria, says Africa CDC|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/24/new-coronavirus-strain-appears-to-emerge-in-nigeria-africa-cdc|access-date=24 December 2020|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=24 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=24 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201224155910/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/12/24/new-coronavirus-strain-appears-to-emerge-in-nigeria-africa-cdc|url-status=live}}</ref> Kungiyar Tarayyar Afirka ta samu kusan allurar rigakafin COVID-19 miliyan 300 a cikin irin wannan yarjejeniya mafi girma ga Afirka; An sanar da shi a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan ya kasance mai zaman kansa na ƙoƙarin Samun damar COVID-19 na Kayan Aiki (COVAX) da nufin rarraba allurar COVID-19 ga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin kuɗi.<ref name="africanews_20210113_africa2">{{cite news|title=Africa secures 300 million COVID-19 vaccine doses in deal with manufacturers|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/13/africa-secures-300-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-deal-with-manufacturers/|access-date=13 January 2021|work=Africanews|date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114044153/https://www.africanews.com/2021/01/13/africa-secures-300-million-covid-19-vaccine-doses-in-deal-with-manufacturers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Musamman, duk da haka, ana cajin ƙasashen Afirka fiye da ninki biyu na abin da ƙasashen Turai za su biya na wasu alluran rigakafi.<ref name="price2">{{cite news|title='Deeply Alarming': AstraZeneca Charging South Africa More Than Double What Europeans Pay for Covid-19 Vaccine|url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/01/22/deeply-alarming-astrazeneca-charging-south-africa-more-double-what-europeans-pay?utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3nA6K8kP5xP0Cs49ZpPi0XVfHKKYzRyjRHnoAI90BR0Py0Mzg6c29ZNoM#Echobox=1611355596|access-date=22 January 2021|work=Common Dreams|date=22 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030808/https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/01/22/deeply-alarming-astrazeneca-charging-south-africa-more-double-what-europeans-pay#Echobox=1611355596|url-status=live}}</ref> Ƙungiyar Bakwai (G-7) ta yi alƙawarin rarraba alluran rigakafin a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 2021, kodayake ba a bayar da cikakkun bayanai ba.<ref name="apnews_92531712">{{cite news|last=Lawless|first=Jill|name-list-style=vanc|title=G-7 vows 'equitable' world vaccine access, but details scant|url=https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-france-london-boris-johnson-europe-7313ccb3ec3945a1f5e959f9253171f7|access-date=19 February 2021|work=AP News|date=19 February 2021|archive-date=20 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220003025/https://apnews.com/article/coronavirus-pandemic-france-london-boris-johnson-europe-7313ccb3ec3945a1f5e959f9253171f7|url-status=live}}</ref> Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa ta kuma ci gaba a matsayin mai ba da allurar rigakafi ga nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2021|title=Vaccine Diplomacy: COVID and the Return of Soft Power|url=https://www.theglobalist.com/vaccine-diplomacy-covid-russia-united-states-uae-africa-soft-powers/|access-date=8 June 2021|website=The Globalist|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bbc_561000762">{{Cite news|date=3 June 2021|title=Covid-19 Africa: What is happening with vaccines?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/56100076|access-date=8 June 2021}}</ref> Duk da wannan ci gaba da aka samu, Afirka ita ce nahiya mafi karancin allurar rigakafi a duniya.<ref name="bloomberg_20210505_rapidly2">{{Cite news|date=5 May 2021|title=Rapidly Spreading Variants Compound Africa's Coronavirus Woes|language=en|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-05/rapidly-spreading-variants-compound-africa-s-coronavirus-woes|access-date=5 May 2021}}</ref> A farkon Yuni 2021 Hukumar Lafiya ta [[Duniya]] ta ba da rahoton cewa jigilar allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ta yi <nowiki>''</nowiki> kusan dakatarwa <nowiki>''</nowiki> a Afirka. <ref>{{Cite web|date=3 June 2021|title=Alarm in Africa: Virus surges, vaccines grind to 'near halt'|url=https://apnews.com/article/africa-health-coronavirus-pandemic-business-a8666e9d04e1141fec803d41cf55b558|access-date=9 June 2021|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga watan Yuni, hamshakin attajirin nan dan kasar Sudan da Birtaniyya mai suna Mo Ibrahim ya yi kakkausar suka ga al'ummomin kasa da kasa saboda gaza tabbatar da rarraba allurar rigakafin a fadin duniya.<ref name="apnews_060012973252">{{Cite web|date=9 June 2021|title=Billionaire philanthropist: vaccine hoarding hurts Africa|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-africa-business-coronavirus-pandemic-government-and-politics-f6b06001297325b6923bf2d20a1792fa|access-date=9 June 2021|website=AP NEWS}}</ref> Zuwa 8 ga Yuli 2021, kashi 2% na nahiyar ne kawai aka yi wa allurar.<ref name="Mendez2"/> == Tarihin gabaɗaya == Zuwa sati na biyu na Yuni 2020, Afirka ta zarce mutane 200,000 gaba ɗaya.<ref name="theguardian_20200612_global2">{{Cite web|date=12 June 2020|title=Global report: WHO warns of accelerating Covid-19 infections in Africa|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|access-date=12 June 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612202752/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/12/global-report-who-warns-of-accelerating-infections-in-africa-but-says-severe-cases-not-going-undetected|archive-date=12 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun karu cikin watan Yuni, inda nahiyar ta dauki kwanaki 98 don yin rikodin cutar 100,000 na farko, da kwanaki 18 don 100,000 na biyu. An ci gaba da hanzarin hanzarin, yayin da shari'o'i suka wuce maki 300,000 da 400,000 a ranar 6 ga Yuli. A ranar 8 ga Yuli 2020, shari'o'in sun wuce rabin miliyan. Rabin shari'o'in 500,000 da aka ruwaito a cikin nahiyar sun fito ne daga Afirka ta Kudu ko Masar.<ref name="epicenter2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus: How fast is it spreading in Africa?|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-fast-spreading-africa-232332271.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707213330/https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-fast-spreading-africa-232332271.html|archive-date=7 July 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasashe goma ne ke da kashi 80% na rahoton da aka ruwaito.<ref name="epicenter2" /> Hukumar [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Lafiya ta Duniya ta]] bayyana fargaba kan yaduwar cutar a Afirka a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2020, inda ta bayyana cewa adadin na Afirka ta Kudu na iya zama sanadiyyar ci gaba da barkewar cutar a duk fadin nahiyar.<ref name="news24_202007212">{{Cite web|title=Covid-19: Situation in SA 'a warning' for the rest of the continent - WHO|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-situation-in-sa-a-warning-for-the-rest-of-the-continent-who-20200721|access-date=21 July 2020|website=News24|language=en|archive-date=22 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722065232/https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/covid-19-situation-in-sa-a-warning-for-the-rest-of-the-continent-who-20200721|url-status=live}}</ref> Adadin ya haura miliyan daya zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Agusta, inda kasashe biyar suka kai sama da kashi 75% na adadin wadanda aka tabbatar: Afirka ta Kudu, Masar, Morocco, Habasha da Najeriya. <ref name="guardian 6august">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|title=Total confirmed coronavirus cases in Africa pass 1 million|first=Jason|last=Burke|name-list-style=vanc|date=6 August 2020|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807120309/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/aug/06/total-confirmed-coronavirus-cases-in-africa-pass-1-million|url-status=live}}</ref> Lambobin gaskiya na gaskiya sun fi girma fiye da adadin da aka tabbatar, saboda ƙarancin gwajin gwaji a yawancin ƙasashen Afirka.<ref name="nytimes_20200807_world2">{{cite news|title=Africa reaches one million confirmed cases, although the true toll may be higher.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/world/covid-19-news.html#link-16eac8b3|access-date=14 August 2020|work=The New York Times|date=7 August 2020|archive-date=12 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812151402/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/world/covid-19-news.html#link-16eac8b3|url-status=live}}</ref> Yawan mace -macen kasashen Afirka, ya yi kadan idan aka kwatanta da Turai saboda karancin shekarun alummominsu.<ref name="guardian 6august" /> A ranar 21 ga Agusta Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka (CDC) ta Afirka ta bayyana "kyakkyawan fata" yayin da adadin sabbin wadanda suka kamu ya ragu, yayin da suka yi gargadi game da rashin gamsuwa.<ref name="yahoo_1627442302">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus in Africa: 'Signs of hope' as cases level off|url=https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-africa-signs-hope-cases-162744230.html|publisher=Yahoo! News|access-date=22 August 2020|archive-date=21 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821222421/https://news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-africa-signs-hope-cases-162744230.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A wasu ƙasashe, adadin masu kamuwa da cutar ya fara ƙaruwa. A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, John Nkengasong, shugaban CDC na Afirka, ya ce: "Lokaci ya yi da za a tunkari igiyar ruwa ta biyu a yanzu."<ref name="cnn_20201030_africa2">{{Cite web|last=McSweeney|first=Eoin|name-list-style=vanc|date=30 October 2020|title=Africa must prepare for second COVID wave, disease control group says|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/30/africa/africa-second-covid-wave-intl/index.html|access-date=30 October 2020|publisher=CNN|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030134951/https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/30/africa/africa-second-covid-wave-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, CDC na Afirka da Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) sun ba da rahoton cewa tabbatattun shari'o'in suna ƙaruwa tun daga watan Yuli, musamman a Arewacin Afirka (Tunisia, Morocco da Libya). Yanayin ya daidaita a Afirka ta Kudu da Kenya, yayin da Senegal da Equatorial Guinea ke samun koma baya.<ref name="bbc_531815552">{{cite news|last1=Mwai|first1=Peter|name-list-style=vanc|title=Coronavirus: What's happening to the numbers in Africa?|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555|access-date=19 November 2020|publisher=BBC Reality Check ,BBC|date=12 November 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030820/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-53181555|url-status=live}}</ref> A lokacin bazara na 2021, adadin kararrakin ya karu kuma ya kai kusan 202,000 a mako mako zuwa 27 ga Yuni.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Deadly COVID-19 Delta variant taking hold in Africa|url=https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/news/deadly-covid-19-delta-variant-taking-hold-in-africa/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Sub-Saharan Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 13 ga Yuli 2021, 22 daga cikin jihohin Afirka 55 sun ba da rahoton shari'ar bambancin Delta.<ref name=":02" /> == Ƙididdiga == === Jimlar tabbatattun shari'o'i ta ƙasa === Lambobin yau da kullun ga ƙasashen Afirka da suka fi kamuwa da cutar: Yawan lamura masu aiki ta ƙasa.<ref name="SouthAfrica2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in South Africa|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-africa/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=20 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920091021/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/south-africa/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Egypt2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Egypt|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/egypt/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194147/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/egypt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Morocco2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Morocco|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/morocco/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194149/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/morocco|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Algeria2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Algeria|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/algeria/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194148/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/algeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ghana2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Ghana|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ghana/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194309/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/ghana|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cameroon2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Cameroon|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194315/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cameroon|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nigeria2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Nigeria|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nigeria/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194305/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/nigeria|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Guinea2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Guinea|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/guinea/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194307/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/guinea|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Djibouti2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Djibouti|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/djibouti/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194311/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/djibouti|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ivory Coast2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Cote d'Ivoire|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cote-d-ivoire/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194326/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/cote-d-ivoire|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Tunisia2">{{cite web|title=Active Cases in Tunisia|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia/|website=Worldometers|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194314/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/tunisia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mauritius2">{{Cite web|url=https://besafemoris.mu/stats/|title=Mauritius Statistics|website=Besafemoris|date=1 May 2020|access-date=1 May 2020|archive-date=23 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423221422/https://besafemoris.mu/stats/|url-status=live}}</ref> == An tabbatar da shari'o'i ta ƙasa da ƙasa == {{COVID-19 cases in Africa}} {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders static-row-numbers" style="margin-left:1em; text-align:right;" |+ id="904" |Summary table of confirmed cases in Africa (as of 30 September 2021) ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Confirmed cases ! scope="col" |Active confirmed cases ! scope="col" |Recoveries ! scope="col" |Deaths ! scope="col" |<abbr>Ref.</abbr> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa|South Africa]] |2,902,672 |41,702 |2,773,344 |87,626 |<ref name="coronacount"></ref> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco|Morocco]] |933,071 |12,644 |906,160 |14,267 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia|Tunisia]] |707,190 |6,358 |675,942 |24,890 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia|Ethiopia]] |345,674 |27,286 |312,806 |5,582 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Libya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Libya|Libya]] |340,084 |75,859 |259,574 |4,651 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Egypt.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt|Egypt]] |303,783 |30,022 |256,467 |17,294 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Kenya.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Kenya|Kenya]] |249,434 |2,791 |241,520 |5,123 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia|Zambia]] |209,046 |415 |204,983 |3,648 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria|Nigeria]] |205,484 |9,301 |193,482 |2,701 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Algeria|Algeria]] |203,359 |58,238 |139,309 |5,812 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Botswana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Botswana|Botswana]] |179,220 |2,303 |174,549 |2,368 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique|Mozambique]] |150,662 |1,781 |146,966 |1,915 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] |130,485 |3,110 |122,759 |4,616 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Namibia|Namibia]] |127,589 |1,112 |122,966 |3,511 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Ghana.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana|Ghana]] |127,482 |3,088 |123,238 |1,156 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Uganda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda|Uganda]] |123,572 |24,319 |96,097 |3,156 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda|Rwanda]] |97,517 |50,769 |45,475 |1,273 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Cameroon|Cameroon]] |92,303 |10,411 |80,433 |1,459 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Senegal|Senegal]] |73,775 |125 |71,792 |1,858 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Malawi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Malawi|Malawi]] |61,552 |4,288 |54,983 |2,281 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Côte_d'Ivoire.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ivory Coast|Ivory Coast]] |60,138 |1,668 |57,849 |621 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] |56,937 |24,995 |30,858 |1,084 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Angola.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Angola|Angola]] |56,583 |7,482 |47,564 |1,537 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Réunion|Réunion]] |53,682 |653 |52,663 |366 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Eswatini.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Eswatini|Eswatini]] |45,924 |618 |44,086 |1,220 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar|Madagascar]] |42,898 |618 |41,322 |958 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sudan|Sudan]] |38,263 |3,286 |32,075 |2,902 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Cape Verde|Cape Verde]] |37,576 |561 |36,676 |339 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritania|Mauritania]] |35,989 |628 |34,587 |774 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea|Guinea]] |30,392 |1,192 |28,822 |378 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Gabon.svg|link=|alt=|border|20x20px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon|Gabon]] |29,515 |2,691 |26,641 |183 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Togo|Togo]] |25,368 |2,232 |22,908 |228 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Benin.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Benin|Benin]] |23,890 |1,738 |21,993 |159 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Seychelles.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Seychelles|Seychelles]] |21,347 |329 |20,903 |115 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_France.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mayotte|Mayotte]] |20,274 |17,132 |2,964 |178 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Somalia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Somalia|Somalia]] |19,980 |9,346 |9,523 |1,111 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burundi.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Burundi|Burundi]] |17,728 |16,917 |773 |38 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mauritius.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mauritius|Mauritius]] |15,695 |13,757 |1,854 |84 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Mali.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mali|Mali]] |15,194 |350 |14,296 |548 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Lesotho.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Lesotho|Lesotho]] |14,395 |7,162 |6,830 |403 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Burkina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |14,243 |179 |13,880 |184 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of the Congo|Republic of the Congo]] |14,244 |1,630 |12,421 |193 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Djibouti.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Djibouti|Djibouti]] |12,705 |447 |12,091 |167 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Central African Republic|Central African Republic]] |11,371 |4,412 |6,859 |100 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Sudan|South Sudan]] |11,995 |250 |11,617 |128 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Equatorial Guinea|Equatorial Guinea]] |12,362 |1,207 |11,008 |147 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_The_Gambia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Gambia|Gambia]] |9,934 |8 |9,588 |338 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Eritrea.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Eritrea|Eritrea]] |6,722 |45 |6,635 |42 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Sierra_Leone.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone]] |6,393 |1,891 |4,381 |121 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea-Bissau|Guinea-Bissau]] |6,103 |666 |5,302 |135 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Niger.svg|link=|alt=|border|18x18px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Niger|Niger]] |6,008 |53 |5,754 |201 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Liberia.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Liberia|Liberia]] |5,799 |55 |5,458 |286 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Chad.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Chad|Chad]] |5,038 |8 |4,856 |174 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Comoros.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in the Comoros|Comoros]] |4,141 |31 |3,963 |147 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in São Tomé and Príncipe|São Tomé and Principe]] |3,459 |644 |2,765 |50 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_Tanzania.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania|Tanzania]] |1,367 |1,134 |183 |50 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Western Sahara|Western Sahara]] |10 |1 |8 |1 |<ref name="coronacount" /> |- ! scope="row" |<span class="flagicon">[[File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg|link=|alt=|border|23x23px]]</span> [[COVID-19 pandemic in Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]] |6 |1 |6 |0 |<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-2 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-3 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.sainthelena.gov.sh/2021/news/arriving-passenger-tests-positive-for-covid-19/ "Arriving Passenger Tests Positive for COVID-19"]. </cite></ref> |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;" ! scope="row" |Totals |8,357,618 |491,938 |7,654,803 |210,877 | |} == Tsarin lokaci ta ƙasa da ƙasa ==    An tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu. A safiyar ranar 2 ga Maris, Aljeriya ta tabbatar da sabbin shari'o'i biyu na coronavirus, mace da 'yarta.<ref name="trust_2020030123302">{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200301233025-scjao/|title=Algeria confirms two more coronavirus cases|date=2 March 2020|access-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302013223/https://news.trust.org/item/20200301233025-scjao/|archive-date=2 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Maris, Aljeriya ta ba da rahoton wasu sabbin cututtukan guda biyu na coronavirus. Sabbin kararrakin guda biyu sun fito ne daga gida daya, uba da 'ya, kuma suna zaune a Faransa.<ref name="reuters202003022">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|title=Algeria reports two new coronavirus cases, bringing the total to five|date=2 March 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530020200/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Maris, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta yi rikodin sabbin maganganu huɗu da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus, duka daga dangi ɗaya, wanda ya kawo jimlar adadin 12 da aka tabbatar.<ref name="ennaharonline_202003042">{{cite web|url=https://www.ennaharonline.com/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%83%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%83%d9%88-2/|title=ارتفاع عدد الإصابات المؤكدة بفيروس كورونا إلى 12 حالة|date=4 March 2020|website=النهار أونلاين|language=ar|access-date=4 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305134307/https://www.ennaharonline.com/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%83%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%83%d9%88-2/|archive-date=5 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="reuters202003023">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|title=Algeria reports two new coronavirus cases, bringing the total to five|date=2 March 2020|work=[[Reuters]]|access-date=2 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530020200/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-algeria-idUSKBN20P2YK|archive-date=30 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da ƙirar ƙira ta WHO ta ƙiyasta cewa Aljeriya na fuskantar babban haɗarin yaduwar COVID-19 idan ba a ba da fifikon matakan ɗaukar hoto kamar gano lamba ba.<ref name="afro.who.int2">{{Cite web|title=New WHO estimates: Up to 190 000 people could die of COVID-19 in Africa if not controlled|url=https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled|date=7 May 2020|website=WHO {{!}} Regional Office for Africa|language=en|access-date=9 May 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030818/https://www.afro.who.int/news/new-who-estimates-190-000-people-could-die-covid-19-africa-if-not-controlled|url-status=live}}</ref> === Angola === A ranar 21 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a kasar.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|title=Angola registered its first coronavirus case|newspaper=Informanté|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402022356/https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 20 ga Maris, an rufe dukkan iyakokin Angola na tsawon kwanaki 15.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|title=Angola closes borders for 15 days|last=Oliveira|first=Yokani|name-list-style=vanc|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=19 March 2020|access-date=20 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402022356/https://informante.web.na/angola-registered-its-first-coronavirus-case/|archive-date=2 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa 18 ga Afrilu 2020, akwai jimillar mutane 19 da aka tabbatar sun mutu, biyu sun mutu sannan 6 sun warke.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus: African Union Member States (52) reporting COVID-19 cases, 18th April 2020|url=https://www.cnbcafrica.com/africa-press-office/2020/04/18/coronavirus-african-union-member-states-52-reporting-covid-19-cases-18th-april-2020/|date=18 April 2020|website=CNBC Africa|language=en-US|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502104249/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/africa-press-office/2020/04/18/coronavirus-african-union-member-states-52-reporting-covid-19-cases-18th-april-2020/|archive-date=2 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa watan Disamba na 2020 jimlar wadanda aka tabbatar sun kai 17,433, inda 10,859 suka warke sannan 405 suka mutu. Akwai kararraki 6,169 masu aiki a karshen watan.<ref name="verangola_1220202">{{cite web|title=País com 62 novas infecções e duas mortes por covid-19|url=https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122020/Saude/23374/País-com-62-novas-infecções-e-duas-mortes-por-covid-19.htm|publisher=Ver Angola|access-date=2 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|language=pt|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030812/https://www.verangola.net/va/pt/122020/Saude/23374/Pa%C3%ADs-com-62-novas-infec%C3%A7%C3%B5es-e-duas-mortes-por-covid-19.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> === Benin === A ranar 16 ga Maris 2020, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar.<ref name="trust_2020031613402">{{cite web|title=Somalia, Liberia, Benin and Tanzania confirm first coronavirus cases|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200316134048-5il6b|website=news.trust.org|date=16 March 2020|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323194101/https://news.trust.org/item/20200316134048-5il6b|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ya zuwa ranar 18 ga Afrilu, akwai jimillar wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar guda 35, mutum daya ya mutu sannan 18 sun warke.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2" /> Adadin wadanda aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar sun kai 3,251 a watan Disamba. Akwai marasa lafiya 3,061 da aka murmure, mutuwar 44, da shari'o'i 146 masu aiki a ƙarshen shekara.<ref name="apanews.net2">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|publisher=APA|access-date=1 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200200/http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Botswana === A ranar 30 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki uku na farko a Botswana.<ref name="iol_457973352">{{cite web|title=Botswana registers first Covid-19 cases as three people test positive|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335|website=Independent Online|location=South Africa|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331140206/https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/botswana-registers-first-covid-19-cases-as-three-people-test-positive-45797335|archive-date=31 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Don hana ci gaba da yaɗuwar cutar, gwamnati ta hana taron mutane sama da 50 da shigar mutane daga ƙasashen da ake ganin suna da haɗari.<ref name="mmegi_202003162">{{cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Botswana bans US, UK, China arrivals,All learning institutions to be closed on the 23rd March 2020|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84896&dir=2020/march/16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501230436/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84896&dir=2020%2Fmarch%2F16|archive-date=1 May 2020|access-date=17 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=16 March 2020|title=Botswana bars travellers from coronavirus-hit countries|url=https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/botswana-bars-travellers-from-coronavirus-hit-countries/|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405192048/https://www.journalducameroun.com/en/botswana-bars-travellers-from-coronavirus-hit-countries/|url-status=live}}</ref> za a rufe iyakokin kuma an ba da izinin Jama'ar Botswana su dawo amma dole ne a keɓe su na tsawon kwanaki 14.<ref>{{cite news|title=Botswana, with No COVID-19 Cases, Closes Borders After Death in Zimbabwe {{!}} Voice of America – English|language=en|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=5 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405192037/https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/botswana-no-covid-19-cases-closes-borders-after-death-zimbabwe|url-status=live}}</ref> An kuma rufe dukkan makarantun daga ranar 20 ga Maris.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 June 2020|title=Botswana schools reopen amid concerns over preparedness|language=en|publisher=Voice of America|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness|access-date=9 June 2020|archive-date=8 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608061308/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/botswana-schools-reopen-amid-concerns-over-preparedness|url-status=live}}</ref> === Burkina Faso ===   A ranar 9 ga Maris 2020, an ba da rahoton bullar cutar guda biyu na farko a kasar a Burkina Faso.<ref name="usnews_20200309_burkina2">{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-03-09/burkina-faso-confirms-first-cases-of-coronavirus|title=Burkina Faso Confirms First Cases of Coronavirus|date=9 March 2020|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, an kuma tabbatar da karar ta uku, mutumin da ya yi mu'amala kai tsaye da kararrakin biyu na farko.<ref name="voaafrique_53286592">{{cite web|url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/coronavirus-un-troisième-cas-confirmé-au-burkina-faso/5328659.html|title=Coronavirus: un troisième cas confirmé au Burkina Faso|website=VOA|language=fr|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319122918/https://www.voaafrique.com/a/coronavirus-un-troisi%C3%A8me-cas-confirm%C3%A9-au-burkina-faso/5328659.html|archive-date=19 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris, jimillar mutane bakwai aka tabbatar a kasar. Biyar daga cikin sabbin shari'o'in da aka tabbatar sun yi hulɗa kai tsaye da shari'o'in biyu na farko. Wasaya ɗan ƙasar Ingilishi ne wanda ke aiki a wurin hakar gwal a ƙasar da ya yi hutu a Liverpool kuma ya dawo ranar 10 ga Maris, yana wucewa ta Vancouver da Paris.<ref name="burkina24_20200314_coronavirus2">{{cite web|url=https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-covid-19-7-cas-confirmes-au-burkina/|title=Coronavirus (COVID-19) : 7 cas confirmés au Burkina|author=Rédaction B24|date=14 March 2020|website=L'Actualité du Burkina Faso 24h/24|language=fr-FR|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316134641/https://www.burkina24.com/2020/03/14/coronavirus-covid-19-7-cas-confirmes-au-burkina/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2020|4|18}} there were a total of 557 confirmed cases, 35 deaths and 294 recovered cases.<ref name="cnbcafrica_20200418_coronavirus2" /> Zuwa karshen watan Disambar 2020, an sami adadin mutane 6,631, sun warke 4,978, 1,569 masu aiki, da mutuwar 84.<ref name="apanews_202012312">{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|access-date=1 January 2021|date=31 December 2020|publisher=APA|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200200/http://apanews.net/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Burundi === A ranar 31 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a kasar.<ref name="reuters_idUSL8N2BO34B2">{{Cite news|title=East African nation of Burundi confirms first coronavirus cases – Health Ministry|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-burundi/east-african-nation-of-burundi-confirms-first-coronavirus-cases-health-ministry-idUSL8N2BO34B|work=Reuters|date=31 March 2020|access-date=31 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404165517/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-burundi/east-african-nation-of-burundi-confirms-first-coronavirus-cases-health-ministry-idUSL8N2BO34B|archive-date=4 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Shugaban Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, ya mutu yayin barkewar cutar; a hukumance ya mutu sakamakon bugun zuciya, amma ana hasashen cewa wataƙila ya mutu daga COVID-19 tare da danginsa kuma an ba da rahoton sun kamu da cutar.<ref name="ft_52149872">{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a232c62b-ded1-4dd4-8ca7-a5bb5214987f|title=Coronavirus stalks Burundi's political elite after president's death|first1=David|last1=Pilling|first2=Andres|last2=Schipani|name-list-style=vanc|date=15 June 2020|work=Financial Times|access-date=28 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630184210/https://www.ft.com/content/a232c62b-ded1-4dd4-8ca7-a5bb5214987f|archive-date=30 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kamaru === A ranar 6 ga Maris aka tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kamaru. <ref name="nytimes_20200306_world2">{{cite news|agency=Reuters|access-date=6 March 2020|title=Cameroon Confirms First Case of Coronavirus|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/06/world/africa/06reuters-health-coronavirus-cameroon.html|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=6 March 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308115724/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/06/world/africa/06reuters-health-coronavirus-cameroon.html|archive-date=8 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Dangane da ƙirar ƙira ta WHO ta ƙiyasta cewa Kamaru na fuskantar babban haɗarin yaduwar COVID-19 idan ba a ba da fifikon matakan ɗaukar abubuwa kamar gano lamba ba.<ref name="afro.who.int2" /> Kamaru ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 27,336, shari'o'i 1,993 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 451 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 17 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan2">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Cape Verde === A ranar 20 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a cikin kasar, mai shekaru 62 daga Burtaniya<ref name=":0" /><ref name="African Countries Respond Quickly2" /> === Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, tare da gano mara lafiyar a matsayin tsoho dan kasar Italiya mai shekaru 74 wanda ya koma Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya daga [[Milano|Milan]], Italiya.<ref name="reuters_idUSL8N2B62KD2">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-centralafrica/central-african-republic-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-who-idUSL8N2B62KD|title=Central African Republic confirms first coronavirus case -WHO|work=Reuters|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315211056/https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-centralafrica/central-african-republic-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-who-idUSL8N2B62KD|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Chadi === A ranar 19 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN2162LO2">{{cite news|work=Reuters|access-date=19 March 2020|title=Chad confirms first case of coronavirus: government statement|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO|date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320155727/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-chad/chad-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus-government-statement-idUSKBN2162LO|archive-date=20 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Fiye da mutane 4,000 ya zuwa yanzu sun gwada inganci<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chad Coronavirus: 4,427 Cases and 157 Deaths – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/chad/|access-date=23 March 2021|website=worldometers.info|language=en|archive-date=22 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322211139/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/chad/|url-status=live}}</ref> A matsayin matakin rigakafin, gwamnati ta soke dukkan jiragen da ke shigowa cikin kasar, in ban da na jigilar kaya. <ref>{{Cite web|date=17 March 2020|title=Coronavirus-free Chad shuts borders, airports|url=https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211606/https://www.thecable.ng/coronavirus-free-chad-shuts-borders-airports|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=The Cable|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 March 2020|title=Chad to close airports over coronavirus fears|url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317211556/https://medicalxpress.com/news/2020-03-chad-airports-coronavirus.html|archive-date=17 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|website=[[Medical Xpress]]|language=en}}</ref> === Comoros === A matsayin matakin rigakafin, matafiya masu isowa za a keɓe su na kwanaki 14 da isowa. Don hana yaduwar cutar, gwamnati ta soke dukkan jiragen sama masu shigowa tare da hana manyan taruka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros/coronavirus|title=Coronavirus – Comoros travel advice|website=GOV.UK|access-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403204029/https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/comoros/coronavirus|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2020, mutumin da ya isa [[Mayotte]] daga Comoros ya gwada inganci don COVID-19.<ref name="comoros_mayotte2">{{Cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/un-cas-de-coronavirus-a-ete-importe-des-comores-823226.html|title=Un cas de Coronavirus a été importé des Comores|language=fr|access-date=15 April 2020|website=Mayotte la 1ère|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423223119/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/un-cas-de-coronavirus-a-ete-importe-des-comores-823226.html|archive-date=23 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 30 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Comoros.<ref name="china_759967882">{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-04/30/content_75996788.htm|title=Comoros reports 1st COVID-19 case|website=China.org.cn|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501223325/http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-04/30/content_75996788.htm|archive-date=1 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga watan Mayu, an sanar da mutuwar farko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stopcoronavirus.km|title=Stop Covid-19 Comores|language=fr|access-date=6 May 2020|website=Stop Coronavirus.km|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504231552/https://stopcoronavirus.km/|archive-date=4 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An gwada mutane 54, kuma an gano lambobin 53.<ref name="stopcoronavirus_20200506_bulletin2">{{Cite web|url=https://stopcoronavirus.km/actualités/2020/05/06/bulletin-quotidien-sur-le-covid-19/|title=Bulletin quotidien sur le Covid-19|access-date=7 May 2020|website=Stop Coronavirus.km|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200516091312/https://stopcoronavirus.km/actualit%C3%A9s/2020/05/06/bulletin-quotidien-sur-le-covid-19/|archive-date=16 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo === [[File:Woman_washing_hands_in_DRC_-_Covid-19.jpg|thumb|A cikin DRC, [[MONUSCO|Runduna Mai shiga tsakani na rundunar MONUSCO]] ta dauki matakan inganta tsafta don taimakawa rage yaduwar cutar.]] A ranar 10 ga watan Maris, an ba da rahoton shari'ar farko ta COVID-19 a cikin ƙasar.<ref name="nationalpost_202003102">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/democratic-republic-of-congo-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-2|title=Democratic Republic of Congo confirms first coronavirus case|work=National Post|date=10 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183217/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/democratic-republic-of-congo-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-2|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga Maris 2021, sama da mutane 25,000 sun gwada inganci<ref>{{Cite web|title=DR Congo Coronavirus|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=worldometers.info|language=en|archive-date=14 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314205036/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=StopCoronavirus RDC|url=https://www.stopcoronavirusrdc.info/|access-date=12 March 2021|website=stopcoronavirusdc.info|language=en|archive-date=10 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610011421/https://www.stopcoronavirusrdc.info/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tun daga 27 ga watan Yuli 2021, an gano bambancin Delta a kashi 76% na samfuran da aka bincika.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web|title=Deadly COVID-19 Delta variant taking hold in Africa|url=https://www.scidev.net/sub-saharan-africa/news/deadly-covid-19-delta-variant-taking-hold-in-africa/|access-date=2021-08-01|website=Sub-Saharan Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> === Matakan rigakafin === A ranar 19 ga wata Maris, Shugaba [[Félix Tshisekedi|Félix Tshisekedi ya ba da]] sanarwar cewa za a dakatar da dukkan jirage.<ref name="AA 1st death2">{{cite news|title=Democratic Republic of Congo sees 1st coronavirus death|work=aa.com.tr|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|access-date=22 March 2020|archive-date=22 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322084716/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/democratic-republic-of-congo-sees-1st-coronavirus-death/1774644|url-status=live}}</ref> Shugaban ya kafa dokar ta -baci tare da rufe kan iyakoki.<ref name="france24_202003252">{{Cite news|last=Bonnerot|first=Clément|date=25 March 2020|title=DR Congo president imposes state of emergency to contain coronavirus outbreak|publisher=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325132438/https://www.france24.com/en/20200325-dr-congo-president-imposes-state-of-emergency-to-contain-coronavirus-outbreak|url-status=live}}</ref> An kuma rufe makarantu, mashaya, gidajen abinci, da wuraren ibada. === Jamhuriyar Congo === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 14 ga watan Maris, wani mutum mai shekaru 50 wanda ya koma Jamhuriyar Congo daga Paris, Faransa.<ref name="trust_2020031423152">{{cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20200314231524-ebs0t|title=Congo Republic confirms first coronavirus case -government|date=15 March 2020|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316101152/https://news.trust.org/item/20200314231524-ebs0t|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Djibouti === A ranar 18 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Djibouti. === Misira === [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar|Ma'aikatar lafiya ta]] Masar ta sanar da shari'ar farko a kasar a [[Filin jirgin saman Kairo|filin jirgin saman Alkahira]] wanda ya shafi wani dan China a ranar 14 ga watan Fabrairu.<ref name="egypttoday_202002142">{{cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|title=Egypt announces first Coronavirus infection|work=Egypt Today|date=14 February 2020|access-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215092410/https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/81641/Egypt-announces-first-Coronavirus-infection|archive-date=15 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="bbc_515092482" /> A ranar 6 ga watan Maris, Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Masar da WHO sun tabbatar da sabbin maganganu 12 na kamuwa da cutar coronavirus.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20T1IQ2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-egypt-idUSKBN20T1IQ|title=Twelve asymptomatic coronavirus cases registered on Nile cruise ship|date=6 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=7 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307192640/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-egypt-idUSKBN20T1IQ|archive-date=7 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar na cikin ma'aikatan Masar da ke cikin jirgin ruwan ''Nilu Anuket'', wanda ke tafiya daga [[Aswan]] zuwa [[Luxor]] . A ranar 7 ga watan Maris 2020, hukumomin kiwon lafiya sun ba da sanarwar cewa mutane 45 da ke cikin jirgin sun gwada inganci, kuma an sanya jirgin a keɓe a tashar jirgin ruwa a [[Luxor]] .<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20T1IQ2" /> Misira ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 152,719, 24,045 lokuta masu aiki, da jimillar mutuwar 8,362 a ranar 13 ga watan Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 81 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan22">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> A cikin Janairu 2021, dangin wani COVID-19 mai shekaru 62 wanda ya mutu a Babban Asibitin El Husseineya na Masar saboda karancin iskar oxygen ya sanya bidiyon asibitin a Facebook. Bidiyon da ya nuna ma’aikatan lafiya a cikin wahala, suna farfado da wani mutum tare da taimakon injin [[Ventilator|hura iska]] ya shiga yanar gizo, yana mai gayyatar hankalin duniya game da gazawar gwamnati wajen magance cutar. Marasa lafiya huɗu sun mutu a wannan ranar kuma sanarwar hukuma da asibitin ta bayar ta ƙarasa da cewa marasa lafiyar sun sha wahala "rikitarwa", suna musanta "wata alaƙa" ta mutuwarsu tare da ƙarancin iskar oxygen. Wani bincike da [[New York Times|New York Times ta]] jagoranta ya gano sabanin haka a cikin abin da bayanan da aka bayar yayin hirar da duka, dangin marasa lafiya, da ma'aikatan lafiya, suka tabbatar da sanadin mutuwar a matsayin rashin iskar oxygen.<ref name="nytimes_20210118_world2">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/world/middleeast/egypt-hospital-oxygen-virus.html|title=Egypt Denied an Oxygen Failure Killed Covid Patients. We Found That It Did.|access-date=18 January 2021|website=The New York Times|archive-date=2 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102225119/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/18/world/middleeast/egypt-hospital-oxygen-virus.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Masar ta fara yiwa ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya allurar rigakafin cutar a ranar 24 ga Janairu. Likitoci sama da 300 sun mutu.<ref name="msn_15415122622912">{{cite news|title=Egypt kicks off vaccine drive as France tightens borders|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/egypt-kicks-off-vaccine-drive-as-france-tightens-borders/ar-BB1d2RFG?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|access-date=24 January 2021|publisher=MSN|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=24 January 2021|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129093228/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/egypt-kicks-off-vaccine-drive-as-france-tightens-borders/ar-BB1d2RFG?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|url-status=live}}</ref> === Equatorial Guinea === A ranar 14 ga watan Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a kasar.<ref name="deccanherald_8138022">{{cite news|title=Equatorial Guinea announces first coronavirus case|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/international/equatorial-guinea-announces-first-coronavirus-case-813802.html|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315210831/https://www.deccanherald.com/international/equatorial-guinea-announces-first-coronavirus-case-813802.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Eritrea === A ranar 20 ga Maris, an tabbatar da karar farko a Eritrea.<ref name="nationalpost.com2">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/angola-eritrea-uganda-confirm-first-cases-as-coronavirus-spreads-in-africa|title=Angola, Eritrea, Uganda confirm first cases as coronavirus spreads in Africa|work=National Post|date=21 March 2020|access-date=26 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183507/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/angola-eritrea-uganda-confirm-first-cases-as-coronavirus-spreads-in-africa|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Eswatini === A ranar 14 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari’ar farko a kasar.<ref name="jpost_6208972">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Eswatini-in-Southern-Africa-reports-first-coronavirus-case-620897|title=Eswatini in Southern Africa reports first coronavirus case|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314135632/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Eswatini-in-Southern-Africa-reports-first-coronavirus-case-620897|archive-date=14 March 2020}}</ref> === Habasha === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 13 ga Maris, wanda mutumin Japan ne wanda ya isa kasar a ranar 4 ga Maris daga Burkina Faso.<ref name="aljazeera_2003122356062">{{cite web|access-date=13 March 2020|title=Ethiopia confirms first coronavirus case: Live updates|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/stocks-collapse-coronavirus-global-pandemic-live-200312235606108.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313090407/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/stocks-collapse-coronavirus-global-pandemic-live-200312235606108.html|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> An ba da rahoton ƙarin ƙarin cutar guda uku a ranar 15 ga Maris. Mutanen uku sun yi mu'amala ta kusa da mutumin da aka ba da rahoton cewa ya kamu da cutar a ranar 13 ga Maris. Tun daga wannan lokacin, karin mutane takwas da aka tabbatar sun kamu da [[Ma'aikatar Lafiya (Habasha)|cutar a ma'aikatar lafiya]] ga jama'a, wanda ya kawo jimlar zuwa goma sha biyu. Daga cikin mutanen da suka kamu da cutar an ce wata tsohuwa 'yar Habasha' yar shekara tamanin da haihuwa tana da wasu alamun cutar yayin da wasu takwas ke kan hanyar murmurewa kuma suna nuna karancin alamun cutar. A ranar 27 ga Maris, ministan lafiya ya sake fitar da wata sanarwa inda ya bayyana cewa an gano karin wasu mutane hudu yayin da daya ke cikin birnin [[Adama]] [[Yankin Oromia|na jihar Oromia]] kuma sauran ukun suna [[Addis Abeba|Addis Ababa]] . Haka kuma, Ministan Lafiya ya tabbatar da wasu kararraki uku a ranar 31 ga Maris 2020. Hakanan, washegari an kara wasu kararraki uku. A cikin sanarwar manema labarai da ta gabata, hukumomin gwamnati sun lura cewa an sake gwada shari'ar guda ɗaya kuma an tabbatar da cewa ba ta da kyau kuma an aika biyu daga cikin shari'o'in da aka tabbatar zuwa ƙasarsu (Japan). A jimilce, an tabbatar da shari'o'i ashirin da tara {{As of|2020|4|1}} . A ranar 3 ga Afrilu 2020 saboda ƙarin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi, an sami ƙarin shari'o'i shida da ke ƙaruwa zuwa talatin da biyar. Gwamnati da al'umma gaba ɗaya suna ɗaukar matakai don dakile ƙarin yaduwar wannan ƙwayar cuta. Daga cikin lamuran guda shida da aka gano akwai mutanen da ba su da tarihin balaguron kwanan nan, wanda hakan ya sanya ya firgita jama'a.<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://www.ascension.gov.ac/covid-19-response-level-escalated-to-level-2-red-2 "COVID-19 Response Level Escalated to Level 2 RED – Ascension Island Government"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> A ranar 4 ga Afrilu, an ba da rahoton ƙarin ƙarin cutar guda uku. Duk kararrakin sun fito ne daga Addis Ababa. Biyu daga cikin marassa lafiyar, ɗan shekara 29 da ɗan Habasha mai shekaru 34, suna da tarihin balaguro zuwa [[Dubai (birni)|Dubai]] a ranakun daban-daban. Laifin na uku na mace Habasha ce 'yar shekara 35 da ta zo daga Sweden ranar 3 ga Afrilu. [31] A wannan ranar, an ba da rahoton ƙarin murmurewa, wanda ya ƙaru jimlar adadin waɗanda aka warke zuwa 4.A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, an sami karin wasu sabbin maganganu guda biyar na kwayar cutar. Uku daga cikinsu 'yan Habasha ne. Sauran biyun ‘yan asalin Libya da Eritrea ne. [33]. Akwai jimlar kararraki 43 {{As of|2020|4|5|lc=y}} . A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, an gano ƙarin mutane kuma jimillar ta kasance 54. Daga cikin gwaje -gwaje 200+ da aka gudanar a ranar 8 ga Afrilu 2020, an ƙara ƙarin shari'ar zuwa adadin wanda ya sa ya zama 55. Tare da halin da ake ciki a halin yanzu na nuna yaduwar cutar Habasha ta ayyana [[Dokar ta baci|dokar ta -baci]] . Tilahun Woldemichael, wani malamin [[Ikklesiyar Orthodox ta Habasha|addinin Orthodox na Habasha]] wanda aka ce yana da shekara 114, an sallame shi daga asibiti a ranar 25 ga Yuni bayan an yi masa magani da iskar oxygen da [[dexamethasone]] don coronavirus. Habasha tana da shari'o'i 5,200 da aka tabbatar.<ref name="aljazeera_2003122356062" /> Habasha ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 129,455, shari'o'i 12,882 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 2,006 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan daidai yake da mutuwar 17 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan2" /> == Yankunan Faransa == === Mayotte === An ba da rahoton shari'ar farko [[Annobar cutar covid-19|ta cutar COVID-19]] a cikin sashin Faransa na [[Sashen waje da yanki|ketare da yankin]] [[Mayotte]] a ranar 13 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="francetvinfo_8108562">{{cite news|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/mayotte-enregistre-premier-cas-coronavirus-810856.html|title=Mayotte enregistre un premier cas de Coronavirus|first=Toufaili|last=Andjilani|name-list-style=vanc|newspaper=[[La Première (France)|Mayotte 1ère]]|date=14 March 2020|language=fr|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315144804/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/mayotte-enregistre-premier-cas-coronavirus-810856.html|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 31 ga Maris mutum na farko ya mutu sakamakon COVID-19.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/coronavirus-covid-19-12-nouveaux-cas-confirmes-mayotte-94-au-total-818100.html|title=Coronavirus COVID-19 : 12 nouveaux cas confirmés à Mayotte : 94 au total|website=Mayotte la 1ère|language=fr-FR|access-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407024001/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/mayotte/coronavirus-covid-19-12-nouveaux-cas-confirmes-mayotte-94-au-total-818100.html|archive-date=7 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Asibiti ɗaya a Mayotte ya cika da marasa lafiya na COVID-19 a cikin Fabrairu 2021. Sojojin Faransa sun tura ma'aikatan lafiya da wasu gadaje na ICU, amma bai isa ba.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chamsidine|first1=Sony|last2=Charlton|first2=Angela|name-list-style=vanc|title=Surging virus in French African outpost reveals inequalities|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/surging-virus-in-french-african-outpost-reveals-inequalities/ar-BB1dyxEl?ocid=ob-fb-enus-1541512262291|access-date=10 February 2021|publisher=MSN|agency=Associated Press|date=9 February 2021}}</ref> === Haɗuwa === An [[Annobar cutar covid-19|tabbatar da cewa cutar ta COVID-19 ta]] isa sashen Faransanci na ketare da yankin [[Haɗuwa|Réunion]] a ranar 11 ga Maris 2020.<ref name="francetvinfo_8095522">{{cite web|first=Laura|last=Philippon|name-list-style=vanc|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/premier-cas-coronavirus-confirme-reunion-809552.html|title=Un premier cas de coronavirus confirmé à La Réunion|language=fr|work=France Info|date=11 March 2020|access-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200405144320/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/reunion/premier-cas-coronavirus-confirme-reunion-809552.html|archive-date=5 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gabon === An ba da sanarwar shari'ar farko ta kasar a ranar 12 ga Maris, wani dan kasar Gabon mai shekaru 27 wanda ya dawo Gabon daga Faransa kwanaki 4 kafin tabbatar da cutar coronavirus.<ref name="nationalpost_202003132">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ghana-gabon-confirm-first-cases-of-coronavirus|title=Ghana, Gabon confirm first cases of coronavirus|work=National Post|date=13 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200313050647/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/ghana-gabon-confirm-first-cases-of-coronavirus|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gambiya === Gambiya ta ba da rahoton bullar cutar coronavirus ta farko daga wata mata 'yar shekara 20 da ta dawo daga Ingila ranar 17 ga Maris.<ref name="nationalpost_202003172">{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/gambia-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus-health-minister|title=Gambia reports first case of coronavirus -health minister|work=National Post|date=17 March 2020|language=en-CA|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200527183416/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/health-pmn/gambia-reports-first-case-of-coronavirus-health-minister|archive-date=27 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ghana === Ghana ta ba da rahoton kararrakinta biyu na farko a ranar 12 ga Maris. Laifukan biyu mutane ne da suka dawo ƙasar daga Norway da Turkiyya, tare da fara binciken tuntuɓar. <ref name="reuters_idUSKBN20Z3X92">{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ghana-gabon-idUSKBN20Z3X9|title=Ghana, Gabon confirm first cases of coronavirus|date=13 March 2020|work=Reuters|access-date=13 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313132325/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-ghana-gabon-idUSKBN20Z3X9|archive-date=13 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="starrfm_202003122">{{cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/ghana-confirms-two-coronavirus-cases/|title=Ghana confirms two Coronavirus cases|publisher=[[Starr Fm]]|last=Acheampong|first=Kwame|name-list-style=vanc|date=12 March 2020|language=en-US|access-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324080900/https://starrfm.com.gh/2020/03/ghana-confirms-two-coronavirus-cases/|archive-date=24 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Maris, Ministan Kudi, [[Ken Ofori-Atta]], ya yi cedi daidai $ 100&nbsp;miliyoyin don haɓaka shirye -shiryen shirye -shiryen coronavirus da Ghana. Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta Ghana ta ba da rahoto a ranar 6 ga Agusta cewa sama da ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya 2,000 ne suka kamu da cutar kuma shida sun mutu.<ref name="cnn_20200718_africa2">{{cite web|last1=Adamu|first1=Zaina|name-list-style=vanc|title=Over 2,000 health care workers in Ghana have been infected with coronavirus|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/18/africa/ghana-healthcare-workers-coronavirus/index.html|publisher=CNN|access-date=6 August 2020|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807034923/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/07/18/africa/ghana-healthcare-workers-coronavirus/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ghana ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 56,981, 1,404 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 341 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 11 a kowace miliyan daya. <ref name="numbers_jan24">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Gini === A ranar 13 ga Maris, Guinea ta tabbatar da karar ta ta farko, ma'aikaciyar tawagar [[Tarayyar Turai]] a Guinea.<ref name="nytimes_20200313_world2">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/13/world/africa/13reuters-health-coronavirus-guinea.html|title=EU Employee Tests Positive for Coronavirus in Guinea's First Case|url-status=live|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324080857/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/03/13/world/africa/13reuters-health-coronavirus-guinea.html|archive-date=24 March 2020}}</ref> Aminci ya buɗe wani masallaci da ƙarfi a [[Dubreka|Dubréka]] a watan Mayu. <ref name="ramadan2">{{cite web|title=As mosques reopen in West Africa, COVID-19 fears grow|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|website=ABC News|access-date=17 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517173119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|archive-date=17 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Guinea-Bissau === A ranar 25 ga Maris, Guinea-Bissau ta tabbatar da shari'o'in COVID-19 guda biyu na farko, ma’aikacin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Congo da kuma dan kasar Indiya.<ref name="reuters_idUSKBN21C2EA2">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bissau/guinea-bissau-confirms-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN21C2EA|title=Guinea-Bissau confirms first two cases of coronavirus|work=Reuters|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325160911/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-bissau/guinea-bissau-confirms-first-two-cases-of-coronavirus-idUSKBN21C2EA|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ivory Coast === A ranar 11 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a kasar. <ref name="dailysabah_202003112">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ivory-coast-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus/news|title=Ivory Coast confirms first case of coronavirus|date=11 March 2020|website=[[Daily Sabah]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318015626/https://www.dailysabah.com/world/ivory-coast-confirms-first-case-of-coronavirus/news|archive-date=18 March 2020|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Kasar Ivory Coast ta ba da rahoton kararraki 24,369, shari'o'i 1,373 masu aiki, da mutuwar mutane 140 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane biyar a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan25">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Kenya === A ranar 12 ga Maris 2020, Shugaba [[Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta]] ya tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kenya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.health.go.ke/kenya-coronavirus-cases-rise-to-four-cs-health/|title=Kenya coronavirus cases rise to four, CS health – MINISTRY OF HEALTH|language=en-US|access-date=25 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325111524/http://www.health.go.ke/kenya-coronavirus-cases-rise-to-four-cs-health/|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> A ranar 13 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Kenya, wata mata da ta fito daga Amurka ta London.<ref name="nation_54892682">{{cite web|author=ELIZABETH MERAB|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-confirms-first-coronavirus-case/1056-5489268-28tqll/index.html|title=Kenya confirms first coronavirus case – VIDEO – Daily Nation|work=Daily Nation|access-date=14 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314162316/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Kenya-confirms-first-coronavirus-case/1056-5489268-28tqll/index.html|archive-date=14 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kenya ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 98,555, 15,168 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 1,720 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 32 a kowace miliyan daya.<ref name="numbers_jan26">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref> === Lesotho === A ranar 13 ga Mayu, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Lesotho.<ref name="numbers_jan3">{{cite web|title=Coronavirus Update (Live): 92,727,735 Cases and 1,985,084 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic – Worldometer|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1?|website=worldometers.info|access-date=13 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323145246/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/?utm_campaign=homeAdvegas1%3F|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="latimes.com22">{{Cite web|title=Coronavirus live updates: Lesotho becomes last African nation to report a coronavirus case|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513141447/https://www.latimes.com/california/liveblog/coronavirus-live-updates-wednesday-may-13|archive-date=13 May 2020|access-date=13 May 2020|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>Kasar ta rubuta mutuwar farko a ranar 9 ga Yuli. === Laberiya === A ranar 16 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Laberiya.<ref name="frontpageafricaonline_202003162">{{cite web|url=https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-records-first-case-of-coronavirs-health-authorities-hold-emergency-meeting/|title=Liberia Records First Case of Coronavirus; Health Authorities Hold Emergency Meeting|date=16 March 2020|website=[[FrontPage Africa]]|language=en-US|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184328/https://frontpageafricaonline.com/front-slider/liberia-records-first-case-of-coronavirs-health-authorities-hold-emergency-meeting/|archive-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="guardian2020-03-162">{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|name-list-style=vanc|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/16/african-nations-impose-stricter-measures-as-coronavirus-spreads|title=African nations impose stricter measures as coronavirus spreads|date=16 March 2020|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=16 March 2020|url-status=live|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316215257/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/16/african-nations-impose-stricter-measures-as-coronavirus-spreads|archive-date=16 March 2020}}</ref> An ba da izinin sake buɗe majami'u da masallatai har zuwa 17 ga Mayu. <ref name="ramadan3">{{cite web|title=As mosques reopen in West Africa, COVID-19 fears grow|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|website=ABC News|access-date=17 May 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517173119/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/mosques-reopen-west-africa-covid-19-fears-grow-70727803|archive-date=17 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> === Libya === A ranar 17 ga Maris, don hana yaduwar kwayar cutar, [[Gwamnatin Yarjejeniyar Kasa]] da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da ita ta rufe kan iyakokin kasar, ta dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na makwanni uku tare da hana ‘yan kasashen waje shiga kasar; makarantu, wuraren shakatawa, masallatai da wuraren taruwar jama'a suma an rufe su. <ref name="numbers_jan3" /> A ranar 24 ga Maris, an tabbatar da shari'ar farko a Libya. <ref name="latimes.com22" /> Libya ta ba da rahoton adadin mutane 106,670, 21,730 masu aiki, da jimlar mutuwar 1,629 a ranar 13 ga Janairu 2021. Wannan shine mutuwar mutane 235 a cikin yawan mutane miliyan daya. <ref name="numbers_jan2" /> === Madagaskar === A ranar 20 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar guda uku na farko a Madagascar. Duk mata ne.<ref name="frontpageafricaonline_202003162" /> Madagascar tana da adadin 225 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus, 98 sun warke, kuma babu mace -macen {{As of|2020|5|8}} .<ref name="guardian2020-03-162" /> Madagascar <nowiki>'' maganin '' tushen '' magani ''</nowiki> wanda ake kira ''COVID-19 Organics'' ana turawa duk da gargadin da [[Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya|Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta yi]] cewa ba a tabbatar da ingancin sa ba. Tanzania, Equatorial Guinea, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Jamhuriyar Congo, Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Laberiya, da Guinea Bissau duk sun riga sun karɓi dubban allurai na COVID-19 Organics kyauta. <ref name="guardian2020-03-162" /> === Malawi === A ranar 2 ga Afrilu, an tabbatar da kararraki uku na farko a Malawi.<ref name="ramadan3" /> A watan Afrilu 2020 Babbar Kotun Malawi ta ba da umarni na toshe matakan kulle -kullen da gwamnatin Malawi ta sanya. <ref name="aljazeera_20200417_malawi">{{cite news|title=Malawi high court blocks coronavirus lockdown|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/17/malawi-high-court-blocks-coronavirus-lockdown|access-date=18 November 2020|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123204536/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/17/malawi-high-court-blocks-coronavirus-lockdown|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="malawilii_20200417">{{cite news|title=''S v President of Malawi and Others; Ex Parte: Kathumba and Others'' (Judicial Review Cause No. 22 of 2020) [2020] MWHC 7 (17 April 2020)|url=https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/7|access-date=18 November 2020|agency=High Court of Malawi|date=17 April 2020|archive-date=30 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330030811/https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/7|url-status=live}}</ref> A watan Agustan 2020 gwamnatin Malawi ta ƙaddamar da ƙarin matakan da suka haɗa da sanya abin rufe fuska a wuraren jama'a don dakile yaduwar cutar <ref name="Malawi Restrictions">{{cite news|title=Malawi Makes Masks Mandatory in COVID-19 Fight|url=https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-makes-masks-mandatory-covid-19-fight#:~:text=BLANTYRE%2C%20MALAWI%20%2D%20Malawi%20has%20made,a%20fine%20of%20about%20%2415.|access-date=18 November 2020|date=8 August 2020|archive-date=2 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002003802/https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-makes-masks-mandatory-covid-19-fight#:~:text=BLANTYRE%2C%20MALAWI%20%2D%20Malawi%20has%20made,a%20fine%20of%20about%20%2415.|url-status=live}}</ref> === Mali === A ranar 25 ga Maris, an tabbatar da kararraki biyu na farko a Mali. <ref name="garda_326341">{{Cite news|title=Mali: Authorities confirm first COVID-19 cases March 25 /update 2|url=https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/326341/mali-authorities-confirm-first-covid-19-cases-march-25-update-2|work=garda.com|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200325165909/https://www.garda.com/crisis24/news-alerts/326341/mali-authorities-confirm-first-covid-19-cases-march-25-update-2|archive-date=25 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== Hana fita waje ==== A cikin Maris 2020, Matshidiso Moeti na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya ce [[Tsaftar hannu|wanke hannu]] da [[Ba wa Juna Tazara|nesanta jiki na]] iya zama ƙalubale a wasu wurare a Afirka. An yi tunanin cewa kulle -kullen ba zai yiwu ba, kuma ƙalubalen na iya taɓarɓarewa saboda yawaitar cututtuka kamar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], AIDS, [[Tibi|tarin fuka]], da kwalara .<ref name="African Countries Respond Quickly2">{{cite news|title=African Countries Respond Quickly To Spread Of COVID-19|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/21/818894991/african-countries-respond-quickly-to-spread-of-covid-19|access-date=23 March 2020|publisher=NPR|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326082508/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/21/818894991/african-countries-respond-quickly-to-spread-of-covid-19|archive-date=26 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Koyaya, ya zuwa watan Mayu, aƙalla ƙasashe 42 na Afirka sun sanya takunkumin rufe fuska ko cikakken tsari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=COVID-19 for Africa: Lockdown exit strategies {{!}} United Nations Economic Commission for Africa|url=https://www.uneca.org/covid-19-africa-lockdown-exit-strategies|access-date=2021-08-01|website=www.uneca.org}}</ref> Masu ba da shawara sun ce dabarun da ke kan gwaji na iya ba wa ƙasashen Afirka damar rage kulle -kullen da ke haifar da matsananciyar wahala ga waɗanda ke dogaro da kuɗin da ake samu kowace rana don samun damar ciyar da kansu da danginsu. Bugu da kari, akwai karuwar barazanar yunwa a kasashen Afirka da dama .<ref name="cnn_20200422_africa2">{{Cite web|first=Rob|last=Picheta|name-list-style=vanc|title=Coronavirus pandemic will cause global famines of 'biblical proportions,' UN warns|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html|access-date=13 July 2020|publisher=CNN|archive-date=12 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712083413/https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/22/africa/coronavirus-famine-un-warning-intl/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> An aiwatar da matakan rigakafin da yawa a cikin kasashe daban -daban na Afirka, gami da takunkumin tafiye -tafiye, soke jirgin sama, soke taron,<ref name="CNN 2020-03-092">{{cite news|title=Here are the African countries with confirmed coronavirus cases|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|access-date=24 March 2020|publisher=[[CNN]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322032350/https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/09/africa/nigeria-coronavirus-cases-intl/index.html|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> rufe makarantu, da rufe kan iyaka.<ref name="UN Sees Africa Sliding Into Recession2">{{cite news|title=UN Sees Africa Sliding Into Recession Without Debt-Service Help|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/un-sees-africa-sliding-into-recession-without-debt-service-help|access-date=25 March 2020|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|date=24 March 2020|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327163930/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-24/un-sees-africa-sliding-into-recession-without-debt-service-help|archive-date=27 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Masu tasiri na zamantakewa da mashahuran mutane sun haɗu da murya tare da ƙwararrun masana lafiyar jama'a suna roƙon mutane da su yi nesantawar jama'a.<ref name="BMC2">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sauran matakan don ɗauka da iyakance yaduwar cutar sun haɗa da dokar hana fita, kulle -kulle, da tilasta sanya abin rufe fuska . ==== Kasuwanci na gida ==== Kasuwannin cikin gida sun tallafa wa ƙoƙarin mayar da martani ta hanyar kuɗi kuma sun fara kera abin rufe fuska da tsabtace hannu.<ref name="BMC3">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==== Kafofin watsa labarun ==== An yi babban ƙoƙari don yaƙar ɓarkewar COVID-19 da samar da ingantattun bayanai don tallafawa martanin COVID-19.<ref name="BMC4">{{cite journal|vauthors=Ihekweazu C, Agogo E|title=Africa's response to COVID-19|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|issue=1|pages=151|date=May 2020|pmid=32438912|pmc=7242094|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01622-w|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="UN2">{{cite web|title=UN, news organizations and artists fight against COVID-19 fake news|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|website=Africa Renewal Magazine|date=30 July 2020|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119041002/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Shirin "tabbatarwa" na kafafen sada zumunta na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yi amfani da "masu aikin sa kai na bayanai" don taimakawa wajen karyata ikirarin karya game da gwajin allurar rigakafi da warkar da karya.<ref name="UN3">{{cite web|title=UN, news organizations and artists fight against COVID-19 fake news|url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|website=Africa Renewal Magazine|date=30 July 2020|publisher=United Nations|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119041002/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/july-2020/un-news-organizations-and-artists-against-fake-news-covid-19|url-status=live}}</ref> [[UNESCO|Shirin UNESCO]] #DontGoViral ya ba da damar dacewa da al'adu, bayanai masu buɗewa cikin yarukan gida. <ref name="UN">{{Cite web}}</ref> Hukumar sadarwa ta 35-Arewa ta yi hadin gwiwa da COVID-19 Africa Open Data Project don yakar labaran karya ta Telegram da WhatsApp.<ref name="Tribune22">{{cite web|title=Philippe Perdrix et Romain Grandjean : face à la crise, "une information fiable permet de prendre les mesures adéquates et efficaces"|url=https://afrique.latribune.fr/think-tank/entretiens/2020-04-20/philippe-perdrix-et-romain-grandjean-face-a-la-crise-une-information-fiable-permet-de-prendre-les-mesures-adequates-et-efficaces-845640.html|access-date=17 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116210854/https://afrique.latribune.fr/think-tank/entretiens/2020-04-20/philippe-perdrix-et-romain-grandjean-face-a-la-crise-une-information-fiable-permet-de-prendre-les-mesures-adequates-et-efficaces-845640.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Duba kuma == {{Div col|colwidth=27em}} * [[1899–1923 cholera pandemic]] * [[Spanish flu|1918 Spanish flu pandemic]] * [[2008 Zimbabwean cholera outbreak]] * [[2009–2010 West African meningitis outbreak]] * [[2012 yellow fever outbreak in Darfur, Sudan]] * [[2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak]] * [[2019–2020 measles outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]] * [[Kivu Ebola epidemic|2018 Kivu Ebola epidemic]] * [[21st century Madagascar plague outbreaks|2014 & 2017 Madagascar plague outbreaks]] * [[Black Death]] * [[HIV/AIDS in Africa]] * [[Western African Ebola virus epidemic|2013–16 Western African Ebola virus epidemic]] {{End div col}} == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://africacdc.org/covid-19/ Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Afirka (CDC) Dashboard akan COVID-19] * [http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/ COVID-19 Africa Open Data Project Dashboard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109105032/http://covid-19-africa.sen.ovh/ |date=2021-01-09 }} * [https://data.wahooas.org//outbreaks/#/ Kungiyar Lafiya ta Yammacin Afirka COVID-19 Dashboard] * [https://covid19.who.int/ Dashboard na WHO COVID-19] [[Category:Covid-19]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5zev78q5b73tdeu0yi7bpcac7lpb8eq 0 26809 885209 818614 2026-07-20T11:27:12Z Maiakwai4u 37986 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358995454|The Mirror Boy]]" 885209 wikitext text/x-wiki   "The Mirror Boy" fim ne na Najeriya na shekarar 2011 mai hade da almara, kasada, da wasan kwaikwayo; Obi Emelonye ne ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Patrick Campbell ya shirya shi, yayin da Genevieve Nnaji, Osita Iheme, da Edward Kagutuzi suka fito a matsayin jarumai. An dauki shirin fim din a kasashen Ingila da Gambia, kuma ya samu takarar kyaututtuka guda uku a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Africa Movie Academy Awards na shekarar 2011.[1][2][3][4][5][6] == Makirci == Fim din ya ba da labari mai ban sha'awa game da wani matashi dan Afirka na Burtaniya wanda aka dawo da shi ƙasar haihuwar mahaifiyarsa, amma sai ya ɓace a cikin wani gandun daji mai ban mamaki kuma ya fara tafiya ta sihiri wanda ya koya masa game da kansa da asirin mahaifin da bai taba gani ba. == Masu ba da labari == * Trew Sider - Rodney Marsh * Tabitha Wild - Mrs. Marsh * [[Genevieve Nnaji]] - Teema * [[Osita Iheme]] - Yaron madubi * Edward Kagutuzi - Tijan * [[Fatima Maada Bio|Fatima Jabbe]] - Sarauniya * Emma Fletcher - Miss Nugent * Peter Halpin - PC Andrews * Aisha Barry - Leema * Victor Carvalho - Shugaba * Felix Ceesay - Sarkin 'yan sanda * Ify Chukwu - Jami'in 'yan sanda * Mariama Feh - Sarauniyar daji * Awa Gassama - Jami'in Shige da Fice * John Charles Njie - Samba * Francesca Marston - Tanya == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2011|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2011]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://mirrorboythemovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1730705}} aizmreiftsx5iugqdnhipg0jdy7sn3i 885212 885209 2026-07-20T11:30:32Z Maiakwai4u 37986 885212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  "The Mirror Boy" fim ne na Najeriya na shekarar 2011 mai hade da almara, kasada, da wasan kwaikwayo; Obi Emelonye ne ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Patrick Campbell ya shirya shi, yayin da Genevieve Nnaji, Osita Iheme, da Edward Kagutuzi suka fito a matsayin jarumai. An dauki shirin fim din a kasashen Ingila da Gambia, kuma ya samu takarar kyaututtuka guda uku a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Africa Movie Academy Awards na shekarar 2011.[1][2][3][4][5][6] == Makirci == Fim din ya ba da labari mai ban sha'awa game da wani matashi dan Afirka na Burtaniya wanda aka dawo da shi ƙasar haihuwar mahaifiyarsa, amma sai ya ɓace a cikin wani gandun daji mai ban mamaki kuma ya fara tafiya ta sihiri wanda ya koya masa game da kansa da asirin mahaifin da bai taba gani ba. == Masu ba da labari == * Trew Sider - Rodney Marsh * Tabitha Wild - Mrs. Marsh * [[Genevieve Nnaji]] - Teema * [[Osita Iheme]] - Yaron madubi * Edward Kagutuzi - Tijan * [[Fatima Maada Bio|Fatima Jabbe]] - Sarauniya * Emma Fletcher - Miss Nugent * Peter Halpin - PC Andrews * Aisha Barry - Leema * Victor Carvalho - Shugaba * Felix Ceesay - Sarkin 'yan sanda * Ify Chukwu - Jami'in 'yan sanda * Mariama Feh - Sarauniyar daji * Awa Gassama - Jami'in Shige da Fice * John Charles Njie - Samba * Francesca Marston - Tanya == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2011|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2011]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://mirrorboythemovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1730705}} ctfaijditrqtbxh3ze1jm7vplcewj6y 885213 885212 2026-07-20T11:32:23Z Maiakwai4u 37986 885213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  "The Mirror Boy" fim ne na Najeriya anyishi ne a shekarar ta 2011 mai hade da almara, kasada, da wasan kwaikwayo; Obi Emelonye ne ya rubuta kuma ya ba da umarni, Patrick Campbell ya shirya shi, yayin da Genevieve Nnaji, Osita Iheme, da Edward Kagutuzi suka fito a matsayin jarumai. An dauki shirin fim din a kasashen Ingila da Gambia, kuma ya samu takarar kyaututtuka guda uku a bikin bayar da kyaututtuka na Africa Movie Academy Awards na shekarar 2011.[1][2][3][4][5][6] == Makirci == Fim din ya ba da labari mai ban sha'awa game da wani matashi dan Afirka na Burtaniya wanda aka dawo da shi ƙasar haihuwar mahaifiyarsa, amma sai ya ɓace a cikin wani gandun daji mai ban mamaki kuma ya fara tafiya ta sihiri wanda ya koya masa game da kansa da asirin mahaifin da bai taba gani ba. == Masu ba da labari == * Trew Sider - Rodney Marsh * Tabitha Wild - Mrs. Marsh * [[Genevieve Nnaji]] - Teema * [[Osita Iheme]] - Yaron madubi * Edward Kagutuzi - Tijan * [[Fatima Maada Bio|Fatima Jabbe]] - Sarauniya * Emma Fletcher - Miss Nugent * Peter Halpin - PC Andrews * Aisha Barry - Leema * Victor Carvalho - Shugaba * Felix Ceesay - Sarkin 'yan sanda * Ify Chukwu - Jami'in 'yan sanda * Mariama Feh - Sarauniyar daji * Awa Gassama - Jami'in Shige da Fice * John Charles Njie - Samba * Francesca Marston - Tanya == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin fina-finan Najeriya na 2011|Jerin fina-finai na Najeriya na 2011]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://mirrorboythemovie.com/}} * {{IMDb title|1730705}} 0yei3md6utnlxvcheahfqfntwwvgyk7 0 27498 884892 401889 2026-07-19T12:39:42Z Pharouqenr 25549 884892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oyin Adejobi''' an haifeshi Ne (a shekarar 1926–shekarae 2000)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200006010258.html|title=Nigeria: Famous Actor, Oyin Adejobi Is Dead|author=Musbau Rasak|publisher=PM News|website=AllAfrica|date =June 1, 2000}}</ref> ya shahara sosai a Kudu maso Yamman kasar ([[Najeriya]]) a matsayin jarumin wasan kwaikwayo kuma gogaggen ɗan wasa. Sunansa Oyin, yana nufin " ''Zuwa'' ". <ref>[http://www.nigerian.name/w/index.php?title=Oyin Meaning of Oyin in Nigerian.name]</ref> Ya yi rubuce-rubuce kuma ya yi rawar gani a shirye- [[Yarbawa|shiryen Yarabawa]] iri-iri a kan mataki, talabijin da fina-finai. Saboda matsayin sa na sarki, ana kuma yi masa laƙabi da Grace Oyin Adejobi, duk da cewa bai kamata a yi tunanin "Grace" ba ne sunansa na farko. Ya shahara musamman a fim ɗinsa na tarihin tarihin rayuwar shi ''Orogun Adedigba.'' Yana kuma yi shirin talabijin na mako-mako, ''Kootu Asipa'' "Kotun Ashipa" a [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|Hukumar Gidan Talabijin ta Najeriya]], [[Ibadan]]. Oyin Adejobi Popular Theatre Company an sanya masa suna. == yin fim == * ''Iya Olobi'' * ''Orogun Adedigba'' * ''Ile Iwosan'' * ''Kootu Asipa (Kotun Ashipa)'' * ''Iyekan Soja'' * ''Ekuro Oloja'' * ''Kuye'' == Magana == * Barber, Karin and Ogundijo, Bayo (ed. ). ''Shahararriyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa: Wasan kwaikwayo uku na Kamfanin Oyin Adejobi'', Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka, shekara ta 1995. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-918456-70-3|0-918456-70-3]] * Barber, Karin. ''Zamanin Wasanni: Rayuwar Yarbawa Shahararriyar Rayuwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo'', Jami'ar Indiana Press, 2003. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-253-21617-6|0-253-21617-6]] * Bodunrin, Hammed. "Shekaru 42 na kan mataki," ''Daily Sun'', Yuni 3, shekara ta 2005 [http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909214641/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm |date=2006-09-09 }} * Jeyifo, Biodun. ''Shahararriyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa na Najeriya'', Lagos, Nigeria: Sashen Al'adu, Ma'aikatar Raya Jama'a ta Tarayya, Matasa, Wasanni & Al'adu, 1984. Saukewa: ASIN B0006EK66 == Manazarta == * [http://www.klubafrik.com/films/default.asp?list_type=act&id=356 Klub Afrik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124212214/http://www.klubafrik.com/films/default.asp?list_type=act&id=356 |date=2021-11-24 }} * ''[http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm Daily Sun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909214641/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm |date=2006-09-09 }}'' [[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Fim]] 9nb8tcfj0cfoujenwihgizuf77mdbp6 884893 884892 2026-07-19T12:40:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 884893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oyin Adejobi''' an haifeshi Ne (a shekarar 1926–shekarae 2000)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200006010258.html|title=Nigeria: Famous Actor, Oyin Adejobi Is Dead|author=Musbau Rasak|publisher=PM News|website=AllAfrica|date =June 1, 2000}}</ref> ya shahara sosai a Kudu maso Yamman kasar ([[Najeriya]]) a matsayin jarumin wasan kwaikwayo kuma gogaggen ɗan wasa. Sunansa Oyin, yana nufin " ''Zuwa'' ". <ref>[http://www.nigerian.name/w/index.php?title=Oyin Meaning of Oyin in Nigerian.name]</ref> Ya yi rubuce-rubuce kuma ya yi rawar gani a shirye- [[Yarbawa|shiryen Yarabawa]] iri-iri a kan mataki, talabijin da fina-finai. Saboda matsayin sa na sarki, ana kuma yi masa laƙabi da Grace Oyin Adejobi, duk da cewa bai kamata a yi tunanin "Grace" ba ne sunansa na farko. Ya shahara musamman a fim ɗinsa na tarihin tarihin rayuwar shi ''Orogun Adedigba.'' Yana kuma yi shirin talabijin na mako-mako, ''Kootu Asipa'' "Kotun Ashipa" a [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|Hukumar Gidan Talabijin ta Najeriya]], [[Ibadan]]. Oyin Adejobi Popular Theatre Company an sanya masa suna. == yin fim == * ''Iya Olobi'' * ''Orogun Adedigba'' * ''Ile Iwosan'' * ''Kootu Asipa (Kotun Ashipa)'' * ''Iyekan Soja'' * ''Ekuro Oloja'' * ''Kuye'' == Magana == * Barber, Karin and Ogundijo, Bayo (ed. ). ''Shahararriyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa: Wasan kwaikwayo uku na Kamfanin Oyin Adejobi'', Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka, shekara ta 1995. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-918456-70-3|0-918456-70-3]] * Barber, Karin. ''Zamanin Wasanni: Rayuwar Yarbawa Shahararriyar Rayuwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo'', Jami'ar Indiana Press, 2003. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-253-21617-6|0-253-21617-6]] * Bodunrin, Hammed. "Shekaru 42 na kan mataki," ''Daily Sun'', Yuni 3, shekara ta 2005 [http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909214641/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm |date=2006-09-09 }} * Jeyifo, Biodun. ''Shahararriyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa na Najeriya'', Lagos, Nigeria: Sashen Al'adu, Ma'aikatar Raya Jama'a ta Tarayya, Matasa, Wasanni & Al'adu, 1984. Saukewa: ASIN B0006EK66 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.klubafrik.com/films/default.asp?list_type=act&id=356 Klub Afrik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124212214/http://www.klubafrik.com/films/default.asp?list_type=act&id=356 |date=2021-11-24 }} * ''[http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm Daily Sun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909214641/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm |date=2006-09-09 }}'' [[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Fim]] 944ctejie9t0c1mzqcwle6b39lbm68w 884894 884893 2026-07-19T12:40:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 884894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Oyin Adejobi''' an haifeshi Ne (a shekarar 1926–shekarae 2000)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200006010258.html|title=Nigeria: Famous Actor, Oyin Adejobi Is Dead|author=Musbau Rasak|publisher=PM News|website=AllAfrica|date =June 1, 2000}}</ref> ya shahara sosai a Kudu maso Yamman kasar ([[Najeriya]]) a matsayin jarumin wasan kwaikwayo kuma gogaggen ɗan wasa. Sunansa Oyin, yana nufin " ''Zuwa'' ".<ref>[http://www.nigerian.name/w/index.php?title=Oyin Meaning of Oyin in Nigerian.name]</ref> Ya yi rubuce-rubuce kuma ya yi rawar gani a shirye- [[Yarbawa|shiryen Yarabawa]] iri-iri a kan mataki, talabijin da fina-finai. Saboda matsayin sa na sarki, ana kuma yi masa laƙabi da Grace Oyin Adejobi, duk da cewa bai kamata a yi tunanin "Grace" ba ne sunansa na farko. Ya shahara musamman a fim ɗinsa na tarihin tarihin rayuwar shi ''Orogun Adedigba.'' Yana kuma yi shirin talabijin na mako-mako, ''Kootu Asipa'' "Kotun Ashipa" a [[Hukumar Talabijin ta Najeriya|Hukumar Gidan Talabijin ta Najeriya]], [[Ibadan]]. Oyin Adejobi Popular Theatre Company an sanya masa suna. == yin fim == * ''Iya Olobi'' * ''Orogun Adedigba'' * ''Ile Iwosan'' * ''Kootu Asipa (Kotun Ashipa)'' * ''Iyekan Soja'' * ''Ekuro Oloja'' * ''Kuye'' == Magana == * Barber, Karin and Ogundijo, Bayo (ed. ). ''Shahararriyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa: Wasan kwaikwayo uku na Kamfanin Oyin Adejobi'', Ƙungiyar Nazarin Afirka, shekara ta 1995. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-918456-70-3|0-918456-70-3]] * Barber, Karin. ''Zamanin Wasanni: Rayuwar Yarbawa Shahararriyar Rayuwa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo'', Jami'ar Indiana Press, 2003. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-253-21617-6|0-253-21617-6]] * Bodunrin, Hammed. "Shekaru 42 na kan mataki," ''Daily Sun'', Yuni 3, shekara ta 2005 [http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909214641/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm |date=2006-09-09 }} * Jeyifo, Biodun. ''Shahararriyar gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Yarbawa na Najeriya'', Lagos, Nigeria: Sashen Al'adu, Ma'aikatar Raya Jama'a ta Tarayya, Matasa, Wasanni & Al'adu, 1984. Saukewa: ASIN B0006EK66 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.klubafrik.com/films/default.asp?list_type=act&id=356 Klub Afrik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124212214/http://www.klubafrik.com/films/default.asp?list_type=act&id=356 |date=2021-11-24 }} * ''[http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm Daily Sun] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060909214641/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/showtime/2005/june/03/showtime-03-06-2005-001.htm |date=2006-09-09 }}'' [[Category:Mutanen Nijeriya]] [[Category:Ƴan Fim]] 0yetfxdvyeclkg7v7s9ifgkdxe9vdsl 0 28866 885021 868035 2026-07-19T20:21:21Z Kaddi123 38060 885021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:A woman suffering from Hypertension getting her blood pressure checked.png|thumb]] '''Hawan jini''' ('''HTN''' ko '''HT'''), wanda kuma aka sani da '''cutar hawan jini''' ('''HBP'''), yanayin likita ne na dogon lokaci wanda hawan jini a cikin arteries ke ci gaba da karuwa.abubuwan dake kawo hawan jini, stress,gado,cin abinci maimaiko,ana gadon hawan jini.mace mai juna biyu.<ref name="Nai2014">{{cite book|last1=Naish|first1=Jeannette|last2=Court|first2=Denise Syndercombe|title=Medical sciences|date=2014|isbn=9780702052491|pages=562|edition=2|url={{Google books|K21_AwAAQBAJ|pages=PA562|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|url-status=live}}</ref> Hawan jini yawanci baya haifar da alamu.<ref name="CDC2015">{{cite web|title=High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|website=CDC|access-date=6 March 2016|date=February 19, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306125631/http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_bloodpressure.htm|archive-date=6 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Hawan jini na dogon lokaci, duk da haka, babban haɗari<ref>https://www.apollohospitals.com/ha/health-library/high-blood-pressure-signs-symptoms-and-types</ref> ne ga cututtukan jijiyoyin jini, [[Bugun jini|bugun jini,]] gazawar zuciya, fibrillation, cututtukan jijiya na gefe, hasarar hangen nesa, cututtukan koda na yau da kullun, da [[hauka]].<ref name="Lack2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lackland DT, Weber MA | title = Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core | journal = The Canadian Journal of Cardiology | volume = 31 | issue = 5 | pages = 569–71 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25795106 | doi = 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.009 }}</ref><ref name="WHO2011">{{cite book|last1=Mendis|first1=Shanthi|last2=Puska|first2=Pekka|last3=Norrving|first3=Bo |title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control|date=2011|publisher=World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241564373|pages=38|edition=1st|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817123106/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=17 August 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Hernandorena2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hernandorena I, Duron E, Vidal JS, Hanon O | title = Treatment options and considerations for hypertensive patients to prevent dementia | journal = Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy | volume = 18 | issue = 10 | pages = 989–1000 | date = July 2017 | pmid = 28532183 | doi = 10.1080/14656566.2017.1333599 | type = Review }}</ref><ref name="Lau2017">{{cite journal|vauthors=Lau DH, Nattel S, Kalman JM, Sanders P|title=Modifiable Risk Factors and Atrial Fibrillation|journal=Circulation|volume=136|issue=6|pages=583–596|date=August 2017|pmid=28784826|doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023163|type=Review|doi-access=free}}</ref> An kuma rarraba hawan jini a matsayin hauhawar jini na farko (mahimmanci) ko hauhawar jini na biyu.<ref name="Lancet2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Caulfield M | title = Hypertension | journal = Lancet | volume = 386 | issue = 9995 | pages = 801–12 | date = August 2015 | pmid = 25832858 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61468-9 }}</ref> Kusan kashi 90-95% na shari'o'in sune na farko, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin hawan jini saboda rashin takamaiman salon rayuwa da abubuwan halitta.<ref name="Lancet2015" /><ref name="pmid10645931">{{cite journal | vauthors = Carretero OA, Oparil S | title = Essential hypertension. Part I: definition and etiology | journal = Circulation | volume = 101 | issue = 3 | pages = 329–35 | date = January 2000 | pmid = 10645931 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.101.3.329 | df = dmy-all | doi-access = free }}</ref> Abubuwan salon rayuwa waɗanda ke ƙara haɗarin sun haɗa da gishiri ko kuma Kanwa mai yawa a cikin abinci, yawan nauyin jiki, shan taba, da amfani da kuma barasa.<ref name="CDC2015" /><ref name="Lancet2015" /> Sauran 5-10% na lokuta an kasafta su azaman hawan jini na biyu, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin hawan jini saboda wani dalili da za a iya gane shi, kamar ciwon koda na kullum, kunkuntar jijiyoyin koda, cutar endocrine, ko amfani da kwayoyin hana haihuwa.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Ana bayyana hawan jini ta ma'aunai biyu, matsi na systolic da diastolic, wanda shine matsakaicin matsakaici da mafi ƙarancin matsi, bi da bi.<ref name="CDC2015" /> Ga yawancin manya, hawan jini na al'ada a hutawa yana tsakanin kewayon 100-130 millimeters mercury (mmHg) systolic da 60-80 mmHg diastolic.<ref name="AHA2017">{{cite journal | vauthors = Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT | title = 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines | journal = Hypertension | volume = 71 | issue = 6 | pages = e13–e115 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29133356 | doi = 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000065 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="EU2013">{{cite journal|vauthors=Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redon J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, etal|title=2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)|journal=European Heart Journal|volume=34|issue=28|pages=2159–219|date=July 2013|pmid=23771844|doi=10.1093/eurheartj/eht151|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ga mafi yawan manya, hawan jini yana samuwa idan hawan jinin da ke hutawa ya ci gaba a ko sama da 130/80 ko 140/90 mmHg.<ref name="Lancet2015" /><ref name="AHA2017" /> Lambobi daban-daban sun shafi yara.<ref name="JNC8">{{cite journal|vauthors=James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT, Narva AS, Ortiz E|title=2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)|journal=JAMA|volume=311|issue=5|pages=507–20|date=February 2014|pmid=24352797|doi=10.1001/jama.2013.284427|doi-access=free}}</ref> Kula da hawan jini na gaggawa a cikin awanni 24 ya bayyana mafi daidai fiye da ma'aunin hawan jini na tushen ofis.<ref name="Lancet2015" /><ref name="autogen1">{{cite book|last1=Naish|first1=Jeannette|last2=Court|first2=Denise Syndercombe |title=Medical sciences|date=2014|isbn=9780702052491|pages=562|edition=2|url={{Google books|K21_AwAAQBAJ|pages=PA562|keywords=|text=|plainurl=yes}}|url-status=live}}</ref> Canje-canjen salon rayuwa da magunguna na iya rage hawan jini da rage haɗarin matsalolin lafiya.<ref name="NIH2015Tx">{{cite web|title=How Is High Blood Pressure Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment|website=National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|access-date=6 March 2016|date=September 10, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406073903/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hbp/treatment|archive-date=6 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Canje-canjen salon rayuwa sun haɗa da [[asarar nauyi]], motsa jiki na jiki, rage cin gishiri, rage shan barasa, da abinci mai kyau.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Idan canje-canjen salon rayuwa bai wadatar ba to ana amfani da magungunan hawan jini.<ref name="NIH2015Tx" /> Har zuwa magunguna uku na iya sarrafa hawan jini a cikin kashi 90% na mutane.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> Maganin hawan jini mai matsakaicin matsakaici (wanda aka kwatanta da> 160/100 mmHg) tare da magunguna yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Musini|date=2019|pmc=6550717|issn=1469-493X|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000028.pub3|pages=CD000028|volume=6|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|title=Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older|first5=James M.|first=Vijaya M.|last5=Wright|first4=Lorri|last4=Puil|first3=Ken|last3=Bassett|first2=Aaron M.|last2=Tejani|pmid=31167038}}</ref> Tasirin maganin hawan jini tsakanin 130/80 mmHg da 160/100 mmHg bai fito fili ba, tare da wasu bita na samun fa'ida wasu<ref name="AHA2017" /><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Sundström J, Arima H, Jackson R, Turnbull F, Rahimi K, Chalmers J, Woodward M, Neal B|title=Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=162|issue=3|pages=184–91|date=February 2015|pmid=25531552|doi=10.7326/M14-0773|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/588cdf62335191f24f996d7c5bc610ea7884f13a}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Xie X, Atkins E, Lv J, Bennett A, Neal B, Ninomiya T, Woodward M, MacMahon S, Turnbull F, Hillis GS, Chalmers J, Mant J, Salam A, Rahimi K, Perkovic V, Rodgers A|title=Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10017|pages=435–43|date=January 2016|pmid=26559744|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00805-3|url=http://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1765|access-date=11 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416234426/https://www.med-sovet.pro/jour/article/view/1765|archive-date=16 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> kuma suna samun fa'ida mara tabbas.<ref name="Diao2012">{{cite journal|vauthors=Diao D, Wright JM, Cundiff DK, Gueyffier F|title=Pharmacotherapy for mild hypertension|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|issue=8|pages=CD006742|date=August 2012|pmid=22895954|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006742.pub2|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/e11fb277ca5d2cf730ca80b34a0ab9f107898ce2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Garrison SR, Kolber MR, Korownyk CS, McCracken RK, Heran BS, Allan GM|title=Blood pressure targets for hypertension in older adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|pages=CD011575|date=August 2017|pmid=28787537|pmc=6483478|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD011575.pub2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Musini VM, Gueyffier F, Puil L, Salzwedel DM, Wright JM|title=Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults aged 18 to 59 years|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|pages=CD008276|date=August 2017|pmid=28813123|pmc=6483466|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008276.pub2}}</ref> Hawan jini yana shafar tsakanin kashi 16 zuwa 37% na al'ummar duniya.<ref name="Lancet2015" /> A cikin 2010 an yi imanin cewa hauhawar jini ya kasance sanadin kashi 18% na duk mace-mace (miliyan 9.4 a duniya).<ref name="Camp2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Campbell NR, Lackland DT, Lisheng L, Niebylski ML, Nilsson PM, Zhang XH | title = Using the Global Burden of Disease study to assist development of nation-specific fact sheets to promote prevention and control of hypertension and reduction in dietary salt: a resource from the World Hypertension League | journal = Journal of Clinical Hypertension | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 165–7 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25644474 | doi = 10.1111/jch.12479 }}</ref> [[File:En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Hypertension.webm|thumbtime=2:16|thumb|Takaitacciyar Bidiyo (rubutun)]] Abubuwa da ake son masu hawan jini,a dinga mosta jiki,rage cin abinci maimaiko sosai,a kula da Shan magani.hawan jini Yana kawo zuciya ta kasa yin Aiki da ya kamata,hawan jini Yana da mutun ya samu shanyewa jiki ban gare guda. == Manazarta == [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 01g0i4vxeb74x13r99bzabmow6jaqdr 3 31986 885030 871977 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885030 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Faeezerh! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Faeezerh|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 23 Mayu 2022 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 0paru3kk1cuepy4tffyduljqm6q5xm6 3 37596 885034 871983 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885034 wikitext text/x-wiki User:Gwanki Kamin magana shekaran jiya akan in Gyara salmon editing Ina nasamu tsaikon yin maka reply Ne saboda bantaba tataunawa ba ban kuma San yanda akeyi ba == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ibrahim abusufyan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ibrahim abusufyan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:07, 5 Oktoba 2022 (UTC) == Goge maƙala == Barka da aiki @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], za kaga na goge dukkan maƙalolin da ka ƙirƙira a baya-bayan nan, hakan ya faru ne sakamakon rashin cika ƙa'idar ƙirƙirar maƙala a Hausa Wikipedia. Naga kai sabon edita ne, akwai buƙatar ka karanta [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_mu%C6%99ala Wannan shafin] kafin ka ci gaba da ƙirƙirar shaguna a Hausa Wikipedia. Idan kana da tambaya kuma zaka iya Tuntuɓa ta a shafi na na tattaunawa. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 16:42, 18 ga Faburairu, 2023 (UTC) == Murnar Cin gasa == @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Inason nayi amfani da wannan damar domin nayi maka murnar cin gasar WPWP da kayi a mataki da hudu, inamaka fatan alkhaeri. [[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 11:09, 23 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) :@saifullahi As godiya nikeyi,mungode da gudumuwar da kuke bamu wajen sanin yadda ake inganta wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:48, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Hattara == Barka da aiki [[user:Ibrahim abusufyan]] naga [https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musamman:Contributions/Ibrahim_abusufyan gudummuwar ka] kana kokari sosai amma akwai wasu gyara da nake so nayi ma. Yawancin gyaran ka a Hausa Wikipedia kananun gyara ne wanda kuma basu da amfani. Misali; * Idan an rubuta '''Anyi abu a 1999''' kai kuma sai kaje ka kara '''Shekarar''' misali sai ka saka '''Anyi abu a [Shekarar] 1999''', ga misali a [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saliou_Guindo&diff=prev&oldid=429367 nan] wanda hakan ba wani abu ne ba kuma bai dace ba a tsarin rubutu. * Haka kake yi a idan sunan ƙasa yazo misali a [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mutanen_Hajong&diff=prev&oldid=429365 Nan] * Haka kake yi idan kwanan wata yazo shima ga misali [https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reinhild_M%C3%B6ller&diff=prev&oldid=429350 a nan]. Yanayin rubutun ka ya nuna kana so ka tara yawan edits ne ba da niyyar gyara ba. Dan haka ne yasa dukan edits dinka Ƙananan edit ne. Wannan bai dace da tsarin yin editing a Wikipedia ba. -[[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 07:36, 31 Mayu 2024 (UTC) :@Gwanki kayi blocking ina saboda ban maka reply ba da kuma ka'idojin da na karya game da yadda ake editing ,naki yimaka reply ne sakamakon rashin anfani da ahafin tataunawa,ni sabon edita ne shiyasa anma insha allahu zan gyara domin maida hanki akan inganta wimipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:10, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) :@Gwanki nayi delay wajen yimaka magana wajen Saba dokoki DA Nike yi akan editing Wikipedia,Ni sabon edita Ne bantaba anfani DA shafin cinke ba shiyasa ban mama reply back,anma idan ka buds Ni to Zan kiyayr kuma Na maida hankali wajen jajircewa akan inganta wannan peji Na Wikipedia [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:55, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Request for unlock account == User:Gwanki kayi bloking ina sakamakon kamin magana akan yanayin yadda nike edit inna ,da kuma kaidoji dana saba wurin yin editing ,ni sabin edita ne ban taba anfani da shafin tataunawa ba ,naki maidoma da ansa ne sakamakon ban taba anfani da shafin tataunawa ba, zanyi kokari kiyayae duk wasu dokoki na wikipedia ,dimin jajircewa wajen inganta mukaloli, nagide [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 16:08, 3 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Request for unlock Account == User:Bnhamid hassan nayi magana da gwanki anma naga kamar baimin reply ba [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 22:51, 4 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Anfani karawa juna sani == @[[User:Dev moha2507|Dev moha2507]] Hakika kana kokari sosai wajen inganta mukalu kaci gaba da jajircewa akan ayyukanka [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:22, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Gaisuwa == @[[User:Dev ammar|Dev ammar]] Barka da wannan lokaci, Sannu da aiki. [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:25, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) :barka dai sannunka da kokari [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:29, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Samfuri:Coord missing == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Na kasa gane me kake kirkira ne da wannan [[Samfuri:Coord missing]] a shafin Hausa Wikipedia? Template ne ko menene? [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 09:37, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) :Wannan shafin kirkiraren shafi ne ,ni ina saka mashi databox ne sai dai bansani ba ko hakan ya saba wa ka'ida ne [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 09:38, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) :@[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] Bani na kirkireshi ba ni nasaka mashi databox ne kawai [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 09:39, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) ::To ai ba article bane balle a saka masa databox! Take note pls, articles kadai ake saka wa databox., suma sai idan an shigar da su a Wikidata. Amma am sure nan gaba zaka gane. ::Stay safe [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:11, 7 Satumba 2024 (UTC) == Sanya Manazarta (reference) ga mukala == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Godiya sosai da gudummawar da kake ba wannan shafin da fatan zaka cigaba da jajircewa. [[Offishi mai tsarki na jakadanci a Ruwanda]] ya kamata ka saka mata mukala ko guda daya. Ga dukkan alama fassara ta kayi, to kana iya sanya wa ko ka turamun English version din shi sai in saka. Mu huta lafiya. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:34, 9 Disamba 2024 (UTC) :Idan nafahimceka. Cewa kataba fasara wannan shafin kake nufi ko.kuwa [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 11:37, 9 Disamba 2024 (UTC) == Speedy Deletion [[Ado]] == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], An goge wannan shafi da ka kirkira [[Ado]] saboda babu isassun hujjoji da zasu nuna cewa akwai garin a Jihar Oyo. Idan kuma kana da hujja kana iya jayayya a maido shafin ku inganta ta. @[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] tagged SPD.. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 15:57, 18 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) == [[Ahmed Sekou]] == Assalam @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]], Wannan mukala da ka kirkira tana da gyararraki da yawa. Na farko suna (title) ba shine sunan da aka san shi ba [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] ne daidai. Na biyu babu ma'ana. Saboda haka zan goge mafi akasarin shafin in kuma gyara sunan. Da fatan za'a rika kulawa nan gaba Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:44, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :An goge shafin cikin gaggawa saboda akwai shafin a Hausa Wikipedia [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:46, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) ::@[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] Na lura da gyaran da kayi nagode aiki mai kyau [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 16:06, 22 Disamba 2025 (UTC) == [[Brenda Fassie]] - American Actor and South African singer conundrum == Assalam, Wannan take da ke sama akwai mutane biyu masu irin sunan kuma na ga ka kirkiri mukala na jarumin fim dan Amurka da Kanada [[Brenda Fassie]] amma kuma bayanan da ke cikin na mawakiya ce 'yar Afirka ta Kudu '''Brenda Nokuzola Fassie.''' Na goge sassan kuma na gyara amma a rika kula pls. Mu huta lafiya. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 07:59, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Patroller|Patroller]] Naga gyararakin da kamin Kuma nagide hakan yazo be sakamakon inacikin aikin waya ta ta mutu to nagide da gyaranka Anna Daman nasan cewa akwai gyara a ciki [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 08:16, 23 Mayu 2025 (UTC) ::Mashaa Allahu @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:54, 22 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == JAFAN == Barka da aiki @[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] wannan mukala mai take a sama hakika ta shiga cikin taskataccin mukaloli masu kyau. Kayi kokari sosai sannan a cigaba da kokari. Allah ya taimaka🙏 [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 11:05, 17 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Gyran muƙala == Sannu da kokari Malam - [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] Yakamawa wanan [[Kitty (1810 jirgin ruwa]] mukalan ka gyran ta [[User:Smshika|Smshika]] ([[User talk:Smshika|talk]]) 10:10, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) Malam sadam kayi gagawa anma hakan zanyi Sai Wani Abu ya gittomin idan ka lura ai duk sauran mukalun kusan duk haka nayi sannan. Na gyarasu na Dan bari ne nagama Wani meeting ne sannan anma kaima kasan ai bazanbarta haka ba[[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:02, 26 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Admins) will expire on 2025-11-05 06:01:02. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:42, 29 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)</div> == [[Anis Al-Hujjaj]] == Hello Ibrahim! I don't know any Hausa but I am good with wiki-code. I saw that you did a translation of Anis Al-Hujjaj but the translation tool created some errors with citations. I have managed to fix the errors and the article is looking great. Thank you for translating the article I started, and if I can similarly help you with translations of [[:w:en:Wikipedia:GLAM/Khalili#New_articles_created_relating_to_the_Khalili_Collections|articles on related topics]] just ask on [[:w:en:User Talk:MartinPoulter|my English Wikipedia Talk page]]. Best wishes, [[User:MartinPoulter|MartinPoulter]] ([[User talk:MartinPoulter|talk]]) 11:40, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) :ok thanks for the correction but mostly when there is network issue the translation tool used to gives such errors [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 12:03, 3 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Admins) will expire on 2026-06-23 08:47:41. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:42, 16 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC)</div> :yes i will l8ke to conitinue [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 13:11, 18 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 5w9v85oalxg536dlop0gxeaveodx7n3 0 39540 884983 728065 2026-07-19T17:09:11Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon kafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan kungiyoyin farko tare da wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na kungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban kungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma kungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. Kasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na karshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> bymky7wfzsabsqdydtz66xuaiq2ngys 884984 884983 2026-07-19T17:13:42Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan kungiyoyin farko tare da wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na kungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> p35nvwcc81qps8kdytpsizfw0swm9fp 884985 884984 2026-07-19T17:15:09Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan kungiyoyin farko tare da wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na kungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> 3x1e42c21f4f2mh8nebwhnkm67oxkhs 884986 884985 2026-07-19T17:16:44Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan kungiyoyin farko tare da wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na kungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == Kididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> c9u84qnxuts5wlbcf9nnnc6j9qpvs33 884987 884986 2026-07-19T17:19:09Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan kungiyoyin farko tare da wasu kungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na kungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> 3vb4kg5p0llkr22xx90wvkuzq5gurmw 884988 884987 2026-07-19T17:20:46Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.co m/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan ƙungiyoyin farko tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na kungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> np6a1q6s6q954a5orrnuu9rqd7xsys3 884989 884988 2026-07-19T17:22:51Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.co m/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan ƙungiyoyin farko tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na ƙungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni ashekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> m2zmm2zrbvic8rzv6zg6c69ysewojdl 884990 884989 2026-07-19T17:23:45Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.co m/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan ƙungiyoyin farko tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na ƙungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa daya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa kungiyar kwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da kwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo karshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> j1j4ioxet1wuvj2d3mnjnnla9jrtkai 884991 884990 2026-07-19T17:28:14Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-796 (52787584030).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle acikin filin wasa]] '''Ona Batlle Pascual''' (An haife ta a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999) ƙwararriyar yar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ce ta ƙasar Sipaniya wacce ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta mata ta Ingila Manchester United da kuma ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar [[Ispaniya|Spain]]. == Aikin kulob == wasan da aka buga 19 ga watan Nuwamba shekarar 2022.<ref name=SW>{{cite web |title=Ona Batlle – Soccerway profile |url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/players/ona-batlle-pascual/401035/ |website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Bayyanar da burin ta kulob, kakar da gasar |- ! rowspan="2" |Kulob ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin shekara ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Kofin kasa<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[Copa de la Reina de Fútbol|Copa de la Reina]] and [[Women's FA Cup|FA Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Kofin League<ref group="lower-alpha">Includes the [[FA Women's League Cup]]</ref> ! colspan="2" |Sauran ! colspan="2" |Jimlar |- !Rarraba!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga!!Bayyanuwa!!Raga |- |Madrid CFF |2017–18 Primera División (mata) |Primera División (mata) |28||0||0||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||28||0 |- |rowspan="3"|Levante UD Femenino |2018–19 Primera División (mata) |rowspan="2"|Primera División (mata) |19||1||1||0||colspan=2|—||colspan=2|—||20||1 |- |2019–20 Primera División (mata) |20||2||1||0||colspan=2|—||1<ref group="lower-alpha">Supercopa de España Femenina</ref>||0||22||2 |- !colspan="2"|Jimlar !39!!3!!2!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!42!!3 |- |rowspan="4"|Manchester United W.F.C. |2020–21 Manchester United W.F.C. season |rowspan="3"|Women's Super League |19||0||2||0||2||0||colspan=2|—||23||0 |- |2021–22 Manchester United W.F.C. season |21||1||1||0||5||1||colspan=2|—||27||2 |- |2022–23 Manchester United W.F.C. season |4||0||0||0||1||0||colspan=2|—||5||0 |- ! colspan="2" |Jimlar !44!!1!!3!!0!!8!!1!!0!!0!!55!!2 |- ! colspan="3" |Jimlar aiki !111!!4!!5!!0!!8!!1!!1!!0!!125!!5 |} === Aikin matasa === An haifi Ona Batlle Pascual a ranar 10 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta 1999 a Vilassar de Mar, wani gari a lardin Barcelona, ​​kuma ta fara buga kwallon ƙafa tare da Vilassar de Mar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|title=Segundo refuerzo para el Levante Femenino|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=15 June 2018|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=20 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520142319/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/136071-ona-batlle-ficha-por-el-levante-ud-femenino|url-status=dead}}</ref> A cikin shekarar 2011, FC Barcelona ta leƙo ta a lokacin wasan da tawagar Catalonia 'yan kasa da shekaru 12.<ref name="levantearrival">{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.co m/es/info/ona-batlle-se-incorpora-al-levante-ud-femenino|title=Ona Batlle se incorpora al Levante UD Femenino|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=15 June 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta shiga shirin matasa na FC Barcelona La Masia kuma ta ci gaba da matsayi, inda ta sami ci gaba zuwa Barcelona B, ƙungiyar matasa mafi girma ta Barcelona wadda ta taka leda a Segunda División, a cikin shekara ta, 2014. A ranar 9 ga watan Nuwamba shekara ta 2016, Batlle an kira shi zuwa tawagar farko kuma shi ne wanda ba a yi amfani da shi ba a wasan da Barcelona ta yi da FC Twente a gasar zakarun Turai.<ref>{{cite web|title=Barcelona-Twente {{!}} Line-ups {{!}} UEFA Women's Champions League|url=https://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/match/2020677--barcelona-vs-twente/lineups/?iv=true|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A lokacin rani na shekarar 2017, Barcelona ta canza mayar da hankali ga daukar manyan 'yan wasa, wanda ya sa matasa 'yan wasa su sami damar shiga cikin tawagar farko. Batlle ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan La Masia bakwai da za su tafi a lokacin rani don biyan damar manyan ƙungiyoyin farko tare da wasu ƙungiyoyi.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20170709/423977615702/el-barca-femenino-seguira-fichando-a-jugadoras-de-primer-nivel.html|title=El Barça Femenino seguirá fichando a jugadoras de primer nivel|website=mundodeportivo.com|publisher=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=9 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Lokacin da ta tafi, Batlle ta ce ba za ta yi watsi da komawa kulob din da ya "kafa ta ba."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Soria|first1=Miki|url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/dos-caras-cantera-barcelona-femenino-aitana-bonmati-ona-batlle-6413389|title=Dos caminos diferentes hacia la élite desde el Barça femenino|website=sport.es|publisher=[[Sport (Spanish newspaper)|Sport]]|date=9 November 2017|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> === Madrid CFF === Batlle ta rattaba hannu a Madrid CFF a watan Yulin shekara ta, 2017, sa hannu na farko da kulob din ya yi bayan ci gaban da suka samu zuwa Primera División.<ref>{{cite web|last1=García-Margallo|first1=Andres Baqué|url=https://madridcff.com/ona-batlle-ya-es-del-madrid-femenino/|title=Ona Batlle ya es del Madrid Femenino|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=11 July 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Ta yi babban wasanta na farko a wasan farko na ƙungiyar Primera División, a matsayin wacce ta maye gurbin Laura del Río a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Levante.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madridcff.com/debut-historico-del-madrid-femenino-en-liga-iberdrola/|title=Debut histórico del Madrid Femenino en Liga Iberdrola|website=madridcff.com|publisher=[[Madrid CFF]]|date=5 September 2017|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Levante vs. Madrid – 3 September 2017 – Women Soccerway|url=https://uk.women.soccerway.com/matches/2017/09/03/spain/superliga/ud-levante/madrid-cf/2540771/|website=uk.women.soccerway.com}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Batlle ta tabbatar da matsayinta a matsayin mai farawa a lokacin kakar wasa, tana wasa a cikin wasanni 28 cikin 30 na gasar ciki har da farawa 26 yayin da Madrid CFF ta ƙare kamfen ɗin Primera División na farko a tsakiyar tebur a matsayi na goma. === Levante === [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] Bayan kakar wasa ɗaya tare da Madrid, Batlle ta sanya hannu tare da Levante a watan Yuni shekarar, 2018.<ref name="levantearrival" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.levanteud.com/es/info/ona-batlle-con-sacrificio-y-esfuerzo-se-puede-lograr-algo-bonito-e-ilusionante|title=Ona Batlle: "Con sacrificio y esfuerzo se puede lograr algo bonito e ilusionante"|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=30 July 2018|access-date=9 March 2020}}</ref> Duk da haka, kafin farkon kakar wasa Batlle ta ji rauni a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA U-20 a watan Agusta, ta jinkirta fara wasa a kulob din.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fútbol Femenino: Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|website=Marca.com|language=es|date=10 August 2018}}</ref> A ƙarshe ta fito Levante ta farko a matsayin mai maye gurbinsa a wasan da ta yi nasara da ci 3–2 a wajen tsohuwar ƙungiyar Madrid CFF a ranar 5 ga Disamba shekarar, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Madrid CFF vs Levante UD – Primera División Femenina|url=https://www.laliga.com/partido/temporada-2018-2019-liga-femenina-iberdrola-madrid-cff-levante-ud-12|website=Página web oficial de LaLiga {{!}} Liga de Fútbol Profesional}}</ref> Batlle ta ci kwallonta na farko na Primera División a wasan da suka doke Logroño da ci 4–2 a ranar 22 ga watan Disamba a shekara ta, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Ahmadu|first1=Samuel|url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/barbara-banda-nets-brace-in-edf-logrono-defeat-to-levante/105i8mb80pu1p1au9mfohy69lz|title=Barbara Banda nets brace in EDF Logroño defeat to Levante|website=goal.com|publisher=[[Goal (website)|Goal]]|date=23 December 2018|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta fitar da wata sanarwa cewa ba za ta sabunta kwantiraginta da Levante ba kuma a maimakon haka za ta zama wakili na kyauta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.levanteud.com/es/info/el-levante-ud-y-ona-batlle-finalizan-su-vinculacion|title=El Levante UD y Ona Batlle finalizan su vinculación|website=levanteud.com|publisher=[[Levante UD]]|date=22 June 2020|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref> Ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasa 17 da suka shigar da kara a gaban ƙungiyar kulab din kwallon kafa ta mata (ACFF) da kuma ƙungiyar 'yan wasan kwallon kafa ta Spaniya (AFE) a lokacin, inda suka yi jayayya da yin amfani da lissafin biyan diyya wanda zai kara kudin da ake bukata. sauran Primera División don siyan yan wasan da aka ware a matsayin wakilai masu kyauta. An saita diyya ta Batlle akan Yuro 500,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=Eva Navarro y Ona Batlle estudian aceptar ofertas del extranjero para escapar de los abusivos derechos de formación|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|website=eldesmarque.com|language=es|date=8 April 2020|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=12 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112200637/https://www.eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/240725-eva-navarro-y-ona-batlle-estudian-aceptar-ofertas-del-extranjero-para-escapar-de-los-abusivos-derechos-de-formacion|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Villarrubia|first1=Begoña|title=Las futbolistas, en pie de guerra por los derechos de formación|url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/femenino/20200606/481634772751/las-futbolistas-en-pie-de-guerra-por-los-derechos-de-formacion.html|website=[[Mundo Deportivo]]|date=6 June 2020|access-date=26 June 2020}}</ref> === Manchester United === [[File:Ona Batlle Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-789 (52786631847).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2020, Batlle ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu tare da zaɓi na na uku tare da ƙungiyar FA WSL ta Ingila Manchester United.<ref>{{cite web|title=United Women sign Ona Batlle|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/manchester-united-women-sign-defender-ona-batlle|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> Ta fara wasanta na farko ne a ranar 6 ga watan Satumba shekara ta, 2020, wanda ta fara a farkon kakar wasa yayin da United ta tashi kunnen doki 1 – 1 da masu rike da kofin gasar Chelsea.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manchester United 1–1 Chelsea|url=https://womenscompetitions.thefa.com/Article/Man-United-1-1-Chelsea-060920|website=womenscompetitions.thefa.com}}</ref> A dunkule, Batlle ta bayyana a wasanni 23 cikin 27 da United ta buga a kakar wasa ta bana kuma an ba ta kyautar gwarzuwar ‘yar wasan mata a karshen kamfen.<ref name="poty">{{cite web|title=Ona Batlle named Man Utd Womens Player of the Year 2020 21|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news/detail/ona-batlle-named-man-utd-womens-player-of-the-year-2020-21|website=www.manutd.com}}</ref> A wasan farko na gasar kakar shekarar, 2021 zuwa 2022, Batlle ta ci wa ƙungiyar ƙwallonta ta farko a wasan da suka doke Reading da ci 2-0.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sanders|first1=Emma|title=Manchester United 2–0 Reading: New boss Marc Skinner opens WSL season with victory|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/58351961|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=5 September 2021|date=3 September 2021}}</ref> Ta yi wasanni 21 na gasar a cikin kamfen na shekarar 2021 zuwa 2022 kuma an karbe ta da lambar yabo ta PFA Team of the Year.<ref name="pfa">{{cite web|date=9 June 2022|title=2021–22 PFA WSL Team Of The Year|url=https://www.thepfa.com/news/2022/6/9/pfa-awards-22-wsl-toty|access-date=12 November 2022|website=The Professional Footballers' Association}}</ref> == Ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === Batlle ta wakilci Spain a matakin kasa da shekaru 17, da ƙasa da 19 da kuma ƙasa da shekaru 20 ciki har da manyan gasa na matasa guda biyar: Bugu biyu na gasar zakarun Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA na shekarar (2015 da 2016) FIFA U-17 World Cup, a shekarar, 2017 Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na U-19 da Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya na Mata na U-20 na shekarar, 2018. ƙasar Sipaniya ta lashe gasar cin kofin nahiyar Turai ta mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 a shekarar 2015, bayan da ta doke Switzerland da ci 5-2 a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Switzerland {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2017335--spain-vs-switzerland/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2015%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000523%2Fmatch%3D2017335%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara ne a wasanni hudu cikin biyar a gasar. Sun kare ne a matsayi na biyu a bugu na 2016, inda suka sha kashi a hannun Jamus a bugun fenariti a wasan karshe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spain-Germany {{!}} Women's Under-17|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder17/match/2019909--spain-vs-germany/?referrer=%2Fwomensunder17%2Fseason%3D2016%2Fmatches%2Fround%3D2000614%2Fmatch%3D2019909%2Findex|website=UEFA.com}}</ref> Batlle ta fara kowane wasa a Spain a gasar. Sakamakon kai tsaye Spain ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta shekarar, 2016 FIFA U-17. Batlle dai ta fara buga wasanni biyar ne daga cikin shidan da suka hada da dukkan wasannin zagayen gaba yayin da Spain ta zo ta uku, inda ta sha kashi a hannun [[Japan]] a wasan kusa da na ƙarshe kafin ta doke Venezuela a matakin na uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=LIVE Venezuela U-17 (W) – Spain U-17 (W) – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup – 21 October 2016|url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/fifa-u-17-women-s-world-cup/2016/live-venezuela-u-17-spain-u-17_mtc859377/live.shtml|website=Eurosport|date=21 October 2016}}</ref> [[File:Brighton & Hove Albion Women v Manchester United Women 01 04 2023-1357 (52787596835).jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Yuli a shekara ta, 2017, Pedro López ya zaɓi Batlle don wakiltar Spain a Gasar Mata ta Matan U-19 ta shekarar, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|title=Pedro López da la lista definitiva para el Europeo Femenino Sub-19|website=as.com|publisher=[[Diario AS]]|date=18 July 2017|access-date=11 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://as.com/futbol/2017/07/28/mas_futbol/1501249434_909736.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta lashe gasar ne da ƙwallon da Patricia Guijarro ta ci Faransa a bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida. Batlle ta sake farawa kowane wasa a gasar kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan Spain bakwai da aka zaɓa cikin ƙungiyar gasar.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/womensunder19/season=2017/technical-report/uefa-technical-team/index.html|title=Women's Under-19 - Technical report - The UEFA technical team – UEFA.com|website=uefa.com|publisher=[[UEFA]]|access-date=11 March 2020}}</ref> Sakamakon ya kuma baiwa Spain damar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata na 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 20 na shekarar, 2018. Batlle ta kare wasa daya ne kawai a gasar cin kofin duniya, inda ta samu rauni da Paraguay a wasan farko da ya kawo ƙarshen gasarta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/2018/08/10/5b6d64b022601d7f608b45cd.html|title=Ona Batlle abandona la concentración de la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=10 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Abokiyar wasanta Patricia Guijarro ta sadaukar da burinta a kan Amurka ga Batlle ta hanyar rike rigarta zuwa kyamara da magoya baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|title=Un gol mundial por Ona Batlle|website=eldesmarque.com|publisher=El Desmarque|date=13 August 2018|access-date=10 March 2020|archive-date=12 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712183538/https://eldesmarque.com/valencia/levante-ud/noticias-2/143606-patricia-guijarro-dedica-su-gol-con-espana-a-ona-batlle|url-status=dead}}</ref> Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu, bayan da ta sha kashi a hannun Japan da ci 3-1 a wasan karshe. === Babban === A ranar 17 ga Mayu, shekarar 2019, Batlle ta fara wasanta na farko a wasan sada zumunta da Kamaru, inda ta maye gurbin Eunate Arraiza a lokacin hutu.<ref>{{cite web|title=CRÓNICA {{!}} Embaladas hacia el Mundial (4–0)|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|website=cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|language=es|date=17 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707115429/https://sefutbol.com/cronica-embaladas-mundial-4-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> An bar ta daga cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 na gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA 2019 bayan kwana uku.<ref>{{cite web|title=OFICIAL {{!}} Estas son las convocadas de la Selección española femenina para la Copa Mundial de Francia|url=https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|website=oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|language=es|date=20 May 2019|access-date=3 December 2022|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531021631/https://www.sefutbol.com/oficial-estas-son-convocadas-seleccion-espanola-femenina-copa-mundial-francia|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Ona Batlle Pascual 2019.jpg|thumb|Ona Batlle]] A cikin watan Fabrairu a shekara ta, 2020, an kira Batlle zuwa tawagar Spain don samun damar fara gasar babbar gasar kasa da kasa, na shekara, 2020 SheBelieves Cup.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menayo|first1=David|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2020/03/05/5e5f70feca47416e098b45a1.html|title=Ona Batlle: la 'peque' pide paso en la selección española|website=marca.com|publisher=[[MARCA]]|date=5 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> Ta fara wasanni biyu na farko na gasar, nasara da Japan da ci 3-1 da kuma rashin nasara da ci 1-0 a hannun mai rike da kofin duniya na Amurka yayin da Spain ta kare a matsayi na biyu a farkon bayyanar SheBelieves.<ref>{{cite web|title=2020 SheBelieves Cup: USA 3 – Japan 1 {{!}} Match Report, Stats & Standings|url=https://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2020/03/2020-shebelieves-cup-usa-3-japan-1-match-report-stats-standings|website=ussoccer.com}}</ref> == ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {{updated|Kamar yadda wasan da aka buga 19 Nuwamba 2022}}.<ref name=SW/> === Ayyukan kasa da kasa === ''Ƙididdiga daidai kamar wasan da aka buga 2 Satumba 2022'' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="3" |Spain |- !Shekara !Bayyanuwa !Raga |- |2019 |3 |0 |- |2020 |3 |0 |- |2021 |11 |0 |- |2022 |11 |0 |- !Jimlar !28 !0 |} == Girmamawa == '''Barcelona''' * Copa de la Reina: 2017 '''Matasan Spain''' * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17: 2015 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 17 na UEFA: 2016 * FIFA U-17 Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya Matsayi na uku: 2016 * Gasar Cin Kofin Mata na Mata 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 na UEFA: 2017 * FIFA U-20 ta zo ta biyu a gasar cin kofin duniya: 2018 '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Mata ta UEFA: 2016 * Ƙungiyar Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta UEFA: 2017 * Gwarzon 'Yar wasan Mata na Manchester United: 2020–21<ref name="poty" /> * Ƙungiyar PFA WSL na Shekara: 2021–22<ref name="pfa" /> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1999]] <references /> 0nrgohn66jsa6mnvui8cnnj89rm08o2 3 39845 885037 871987 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885037 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MS Sakib! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MS Sakib|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:02, 13 Disamba 2022 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! 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Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> qmjmdiu93othmxvp8wqo7pwhopn8f3p 3 40008 885031 871979 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885031 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Bembety! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Bembety|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~bembety</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 20 Disamba 2022 (UTC)[[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 15:12, 30 Disamba 2022 (UTC)Bembety :Na yi amfani da ƙoƙari na don ƙirƙirar wannan. Don Allah (Sir/ma) idan ka ga abin da na ƙirƙira a kan shafin za ka iya goge shi, za a lissafta shi a matsayin chellenge da riba a gare ni, don ƙara gwadawa a gaba. Na gode. [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 02:40, 2 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) OK nagode [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 02:51, 2 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) == Assetz Capital == Barka da war haka [[user:Bembety|Bembety]], babu isassun hojjoji masu karfi a wannan shafi [[Assetz Capital]] kuma babu ma'ana sosai ko kuma ya kunshi talla. Saboda haka zamu goge shi. Idan akwai jayayya zamu iya muhawara a shafin tattaunawa na shafin.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 02:06, 2 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) :Na yi amfani da ƙoƙari na don ƙirƙirar wannan. Don Allah (Sir/ma) idan ka ga abin da na ƙirƙira a kan shafin za ka iya goge shi, za a lissafta shi a matsayin chellenge da riba a gare ni, don ƙara gwadawa a gaba. Na gode. [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 02:39, 2 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) == Bembety == I Mustapha AbdulGaniyu Kehinde, daga Legas Nigeria a halin yanzu a jihar Gombe, Gombe babban birnin jihar Gombe, na tafi Jami'ar Olasibi Onabanjo, kuma na kammala karatun digiri na biyu a fannin tattalin arziki na zamantakewar al'umma 2018 kuma na yi aiki a jihar Gombe, Gombe. Ni marubuci ne kuma na rubuta abin da mutane za su amfana da shi ba abin da zai sa mutane su yi mani mari ba, ba wai kawai na rubuta ba amma duk abin da na rubuta na musamman ne kuma mutane za su ci riba daga gare shi. ina da shekara 32. Sunana mai amfani a nan Bembety; yana nufin duk wani rashin jin daɗi nasara ce kuma kuma kalubale ne da albarka. [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 13:12, 6 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) == Goge mukala == Barka da aiki, za kaga na goge shafin da kake gyara a kai na '''Niger State''' hakan ya faru ne saboda akwai shafin [[Jihar Neja]] a Hausa Wikipedia. Kafin ka kirkiri sabuwar maƙala akwai bukatar ka tabbata babu irin ta a Hausa Wikipedia. Domin karin sani kan yadda ake rubuta makala duba [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala|wannan shafin]]. Ina fata hakan ba zai dusashe ƙarƙashin ka ba. Nagode| [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 17:52, 6 ga Janairu, 2023 (UTC) == Ben dokar == Hello @[[User:Bembety|Bembety]], da fatan muna lafiya. Akwai mukala da kuka kirkira [[Ben dokar]] wanda asalin mukalar Ben Doak ce. Yana da kyau matuka mu rika lura da take (title) din mukalu musamman yayin fassara ta content translation tool. Da fatan zaku cigaba da bada gudummawarku [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:21, 27 Mayu 2023 (UTC) :Nagode sosai da wannan sako kuma zanyi aiki dashi in Allah ya yadda [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 13:10, 27 Mayu 2023 (UTC) == TekuTekunn == Aslm @[[User:Bembety|Bembety]], wannan mukala [[TekuTekunn]] bata karantuwa, taken shafin bai kama da wani teku ba kuma mukalar bata da ma'ana, saboda haka zamu goge ta. Kana iya sake fassara ta amma yadda ya kamata.[[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 09:11, 14 Satumba 2023 (UTC) :Wa alaykum sallam.Tekun Yana nufin ocean. :Zan sake yin aiki a kai [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 10:11, 14 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Alamar goge shafi == Aslm @[[User:Bembety|Bembety]], wannan mukalar da ka kirkira [[Paleoclimatology]] an yi mata fassara mara inganci. Saboda haka munyi mata alamar gogewa, idan ba'a gyara ta ba a cikin wasu 'yan kwanaki za'a goge ta. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 06:24, 24 Satumba 2023 (UTC) == Sunan Makala == Barka da yau @[[User:Bembety|Bembety]], naga kana fassara makala hakan ya yi, sai dai ina so ka sani kana sauya '''Sunan makalar''' da ta shafi mutane da wani suna ya kamata ka fahimci idan sunan makala na mutum ne yadda ya ke a inda ka fassarao maƙalar, haka zaka barshi ko da kau sunan ba da Yaren Hausa ba ne. Dafan ka fahimta kuma zaka kiyaye. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 20:50, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) :godiya ga sanarwar [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 22:34, 19 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Yawan ƙirƙirar maƙala da fassara marasa inganci! == Barka da ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar shafuka a Wikipedia. Ina son jawo hankalin ka akan yawan ƙirƙirar maƙaloli da kake yi marasa ingancin fassara, na duba duka [https://ha.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=create&user=Bembety&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers&wpFormIdentifier=logeventslistwaɗannan jerin shafukan] da ka ƙirƙira, wanda duk fassarar su babu inganci. Mafi yawan muƙalolin da ka ƙirƙira akan mata ne, amma duk ka maida su maza. Ina fatan zaka duba ka sake inganta fassarar, ko za'a goge su. [[User:Em-mustapha|<span style="background-color: #804; color: #fa0;"><samp><b><u>Em-mustapha</u></b></samp></span>]] ^{<samp><u>[[User talk:Em-mustapha|'''talk''']]</u></samp>} 14:32, 22 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) :godiya ga sanarwa. amma don Allah zan yi farin ciki idan wani edita zai inganta labarin.. godiya mr President. [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety#top|talk]]) 13:34, 24 ga Afirilu, 2024 (UTC) == Fassara Take == Barka da aiki @[[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ya kamata ka dinga fassara taken mukala kafin fara fassara ta. bugu da kari baka gyara mukalolin da ka kirkira. saboda haka rashin gyara zai iya sanyawa mu gogesu..... bissalam [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 14:23, 9 Disamba 2025 (UTC) :na gode. zan gyara kuskurena [[User:Bembety|Bembety]] ([[User talk:Bembety|talk]]) 19:23, 9 Disamba 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> lgtycfjtrxt7cdn40uouxgtfi6afijh 0 41004 885090 687425 2026-07-20T09:06:01Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Pacific Ocean]] to [[Tekun Pacific]] 687425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Pāhoehoe lava meets Pacific.jpg|thumb|tafkin pacific ]] [[Fayil:Seal Rocks, Ocean Beach, San Francisco.jpg|thumb|dutse a Tafkin Pacific ]] [[Fayil:Pāhoehoe lava meets Pacific.jpg|thumb|Tekun Ocean]] '''Tekun Pasifik''' shine mafi girma kuma mafi zurfi na sassan tekun duniya guda biyar. Ya tashi daga Tekun Arctic a arewa zuwa Tekun Kudancin (ko, dangane da ma'anarsa, zuwa [[Antatika|Antarctica]]) a kudu, kuma yana da iyaka da nahiyoyi na [[Asiya]] da Oceania a yamma da [[Amurka]] a gabas. A {{Convert|165250000|km2}} a cikin yanki (kamar yadda aka ayyana tare da iyakar kudancin Antarctic), wannan yanki mafi girma na Tekun Duniya-kuma, bi da bi, hydrosphere ya rufe kusan kashi (46%) na ruwan [[duniya]] da kusan kashi (32%) na ruwa. jimillar fadinsa, ya fi duk fadin duniya girma ya hade {{Convert|148,000,000|sqkm}} . <ref name="ebc">"[https://www.britannica.com/place/Pacific-Ocean Pacific Ocean]". ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica Concise]].'' 2008: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</ref> Cibiyoyin biyu na Ruwa Hemisphere da Yammacin Hemisphere, da kuma igiyar ruwa na rashin isa ga tekun Pacific. Yawon shakatawa na teku (wanda sakamakon Coriolis ya haifar) ya raba shi zuwa manyan juzu'i biyu na ruwa masu zaman kansu, waɗanda ke haɗuwa a equator: '''Arewacin Tekun Pacific''' da '''Kudancin Tekun Pacific'''. Tsibiran Galapagos da Gilbert, yayin da suke karkatar da equator, ana ɗaukarsu gaba ɗaya a cikin Kudancin Pacific. <ref name="IHO1953">"The Coriolis Effect". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 8 April 2022.{{Cite journal|url-status=484}}</ref> Ma'anar zurfinsa shine ({{Convert|4000|m|ft}} . Challenger Deep a cikin Mariana Trench, wanda yake a yammacin arewacin Pacific, shine wurin da aka sani mafi zurfi a duniya, ya kai zurfin {{Convert|10928|m|ft}} . Fasifik kuma ya ƙunshi mafi zurfi batu a Kudancin Hemisphere, Horizon Deep a cikin Tonga Trench, a {{Convert|10823|m|ft}} . Matsayi na uku mafi zurfi a Duniya, Sirena Deep, kuma yana cikin Mariana Trench. [[File:ISS034E016601 - Stratocumulus Clouds - Pacific Ocean.jpg|thumb|Pacific Ocean]] Yammacin tekun Pasifik yana da manyan tekuna da yawa da suka hada da amma ba'a iyakance ga Tekun Kudancin China ba, Tekun Gabashin China, Tekun Japan, Tekun Okhotsk, Tekun Philippine, Tekun Coral, Tekun Java da Tekun Tasman. == Asalin kalma == [[File:A woman and her dog at the edge of the Pacific Ocean.jpg|thumb|Pacific Ocean]] [[Fayil:Seal Rocks, Ocean Beach, San Francisco.jpg|thumb|Pacific Ocean]] A farkon karni na 16, dan kasar Spain mai binciken Vasco Núñez de Balboa ya tsallaka Isthmus na Panama a shekara ta 1513 kuma ya hango babban “Tekun Kudu” wanda ya kira {{Lang|es|Mar del Sur}}. (a cikin Sipaniya). Bayan haka, sunan teku a halin yanzu wani ɗan ƙasar Portugal mai bincike [[Ferdinand Magellan]] ne ya ƙirƙira shi a lokacin da ƙasar Sipaniya ta kewaya duniya a shekara ta 1521, yayin da ya ci karo da iskoki masu kyau a kan isa a tekun. Ya kira shi '''{{Lang|pt|Mar Pacífico}}''', wanda a cikin Portuguese da Sipaniya yana nufin ' '''teku mai zaman lafiya''''. <ref>{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Ferdinand Magellan|inline=1}}</ref> Madadin suna ta 'yan asalin tsibirin shine Te moana-nui a Kiwa. == Manazarta == [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ec5ptvx5yh6nwz3v99179bh9yugn7mt 3 47254 884932 246081 2026-07-19T14:59:05Z EmausBot 1782 Fixing double redirect from [[Tattaunawar user:أيوب]] to [[Tattaunawar user:جيمي]] 884932 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tattaunawar user:جيمي]] ttfx2l5g93twbjjsg8miwb0iubpoo0x 0 53888 884850 435867 2026-07-19T12:22:51Z Pharouqenr 25549 884850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[File:2021 Ford Bronco Wildtrak 4-door soft-top front close-up.jpg|2021_Ford_Bronco_Wildtrak_4-door_soft-top_front_close-up|right|200px]] [[File:Ford Bronco White.png|Ford_Bronco_White|right|200px]] [[File:2023 Ford Bronco Raptor.jpg|2023_Ford_Bronco_Raptor|right|200px]] Ford Bronco, yanzu yana cikin ƙarni na 6, sanannen SUV ne daga kan titi wanda ya sake dawowa a cikin 2020 bayan dogon hutu. Bronco na ƙarni na 6 yana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira na waje mai ɗorewa, yana ba da girmamawa ga almara na almara. Gidan yana ba da yanayi mai aiki da ɗorewa, tare da samuwa fasali kamar Ford's SYNC 4 infotainment tsarin da kuma m ciki kayan. Ford yana ba da kewayon zaɓuɓɓukan injin don Bronco, gami da injin turbocharged mai silinda huɗu da ƙarin ƙarfin tagwayen turbocharged V6 don ƙarin damar kashe hanya. Ƙwarewar Bronco mai ban sha'awa a gefen hanya, tare da samuwan fakitin kashe hanya da ƙofofi da rufin da ake cirewa, sun sa ya zama zaɓi na ɗan kasada na gaske. Fasalolin tsaro kamar gargaɗin karo na gaba, sarrafa sawu, da sa ido akan makafi suna haɓaka amincin Bronco da iyawar kan hanya da wajenta. {{Stub}} ikmjttc7gmggl7lh2ceslwolqtu3sa3 884851 884850 2026-07-19T12:23:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 884851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} [[File:2021 Ford Bronco Wildtrak 4-door soft-top front close-up.jpg|2021_Ford_Bronco_Wildtrak_4-door_soft-top_front_close-up|right|200px]] [[File:Ford Bronco White.png|Ford_Bronco_White|right|200px]] [[File:2023 Ford Bronco Raptor.jpg|2023_Ford_Bronco_Raptor|right|200px]] Ford Bronco, yanzu yana cikin ƙarni na 6, sanannen SUV ne daga kan titi wanda ya sake dawowa a cikin 2020 bayan dogon hutu. Bronco na ƙarni na 6 yana da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira na waje mai ɗorewa, yana ba da girmamawa ga almara na almara. Gidan yana ba da yanayi mai aiki da ɗorewa, tare da samuwa fasali kamar Ford's SYNC 4 infotainment tsarin da kuma m ciki kayan. Ford yana ba da kewayon zaɓuɓɓukan injin don Bronco, gami da injin turbocharged mai silinda huɗu da ƙarin ƙarfin tagwayen turbocharged V6 don ƙarin damar kashe hanya. Ƙwarewar Bronco mai ban sha'awa a gefen hanya, tare da samuwan fakitin kashe hanya da ƙofofi da rufin da ake cirewa, sun sa ya zama zaɓi na ɗan kasada na gaske. Fasalolin tsaro kamar gargaɗin karo na gaba, sarrafa sawu, da sa ido akan makafi suna haɓaka amincin Bronco da iyawar kan hanya da wajenta. {{Stub}}{{Reflist}} noaxrompzfew7a5gbuc0yeijbvo4t5r 0 54096 885014 884743 2026-07-19T19:43:43Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Ayyuka */ 885014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Oreoluwa Racheal Awolowo (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Nora Awolowo, shi ne mai shirya fina-finai Na Najeriya, darektan, kuma mai daukar hoto.[1][2][3][4] A shekara ta 2025 ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta mai shirya fina-finai na Najeriya da ta kai ga matsayi na ofishin jakadancin miliyan 100 na Red Circle, fim ɗin da ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai daukar hoto. Har ila yau, ita ce mace ta farko ta Najeriya da aka zaɓa don Mafi kyawun Cinematography a Afirka Magic Viewers" Choice Awards (AMVCA) saboda aikinta a cikin littafin Najeriya na 2024 Lisabi: The Uprising . [5] == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Awolowo, ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, inda har yanzu take zaune. Ta sami digiri a fannin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] a shekarar 2019. <ref name="Sule">{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> A jami'a, ta haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto kuma ta koyi ɗaukar hotuna tare da wayarta, tana samun wasu ayyukan da aka biya yayin da take dalibi. Fiye da sha'awar ba da labari, ta sauya zuwa yin fim, ta fara da yin rubuce-rubuce a bayan fage don ayyukan talabijin marasa tsari, kamar [[Lota Chukwu]]'s Lota Takes . A wannan lokacin, ta kuma koya wa kanta don gyara abubuwan talabijin, ta ƙarfafa sha'awarta ga aikin fim.<ref name="Sule" /> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da ta kammala karatunta daga jami'a a shekarar 2019,Awolowo ya shafe shekaru biyu yana aiki a masana'antar fina-finai. A wannan shekarar ta kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai nata,Rixel Studios, kuma ta fitar da shirinta na farko mai suna "Life at the Bay," wanda ke bibiyar rayuwar mata da ke zaune a [[Tarkwa Bay Beach|Tarkwa Bay]]. The short was screened at the [[Africa International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2019 |title=Here's the Full List of Films Selected for AFRIFF 2019 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/heres-the-full-list-of-films-selected-for-afriff-2019/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=The |date=2019-02-18 |title=See the women of Tarkwa Bay in trailer for new documentary, "Life At The Bay" |url=https://thenativemag.com/see-women-tarkwa-bay-trailer-new-documentary-life-bay/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> and established a pattern in her early work, which often explored the personal and societal challenges faced by Nigerians, particularly women. That same year she followed up with ''Symphonies,'' a short narrative film about a young woman whose life begins to unravels amid personal challenges. In 2021, she released ''David'', a faith-based film about a young man on the verge of taking his life. The film went on to win two awards and screened at six international film festivals.<ref name="Sule">{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSule2022">Sule, Mariam (5 April 2022). [https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ "I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora"]. ''Zikoko!''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DAVID |url=https://filmfreeway.com/DAVIDshortfilm |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2019 |title=Nora Awolowo Releases Teaser For Her Documentary "All Lives Matter" |url=https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210025509/https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |archive-date=10 December 2024 |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=stationmag.com}}</ref> Nasarar Awolowo ta zo ne tare da ''Baby Blues'': The Trials of Childbirth (2021), wani shirin da ya nuna kalubalen matan Najeriya da ke fuskantar haihuwa da baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa. A cikin shekarar 2023, an zabi Baby Blues don Kyautattun Bayanai a Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka, tare da wani fim ɗinta, Najeriya: The Debut - wani shirin da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya (FIFA) ta ba da izini, wanda ya ci gaba da lashe rukunin. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto tare da Barnabas Emordi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Netflix, Lisabi: The Uprising, tare da duka biyun suna karɓar gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Mai daukar hoto a Afirka Magic Viewers" Choice Awards (AMVCA). A cikin 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai ɗaukar hoto ga mai ban tsoro ''Red Circle,'' babbar nasarar kasuwanci har zuwa yau. A cikin ƙasa da wata guda bayan da aka saki shi a watan Yuni, ya ƙetare alamar miliyan 100 a ofishin akwatin, ya kafa Awolowo a matsayin ƙaramin mai shirya fina-finai na Najeriya da ya kai wannan ma'auni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Uchechukwu |date=2025-07-11 |title=Nora Awolowo Sets Record as Red Circle Hits ₦100M Box Office |url=https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nora-awolowo-red-circle/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Rex Clarke Adventures |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == Awolowo ta kasance mai gabatarwa sau uku - a cikin shekarar 2020, 2021, da 2023 - don Kyautar Kyautar Afirka ta gaba a cikin Kyautar Fim. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=The Future Awards Africa names 2020 nominees, all under-28 + Full list |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/the-future-awards-africa-names-2020-nominees-all-under-28-full-list/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=theeagleonline.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Future Awards: Rema, DJ Cuppy, Others Nominated (Full List) |url=https://allnews.ng/news/the-future-awards-rema-dj-cuppy-others-nominated-full-list |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=allnews.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=The Future Awards Africa 2023: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/future-awards-africa-2023-all-nominees |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2025 ta sami lambar yabo ta Zikoko's HERtitude don Fim. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=These Emerging Nigerian Filmmakers are Having a Great Year - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/listicles/these-emerging-nigerian-filmmakers-are-having-a-great-year/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Bayanan lambar yabo !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2020 |Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Kyautar Fim ||| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=DJ Cuppy, Tomike Adeoye, Taaooma, Jemima Osunde Nominated For The Future Awards Africa (TFAA) 2020 (See Full List) |url=https://fabwoman.ng/tfaa-2020-nominees-list-fabwoman/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=fabwoman.ng}}</ref> |- |2019 |25 A karkashin 25 SME Awards |Mafi kyawun kafofin watsa labarai da Sadarwa ||| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2019 |title=Meet The Winners of 2019 25under25 Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/09/25under25-awards-winners/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] | rowspan="2" |Mafi Kyawun Bayani |''Najeriya: Farko''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |url=https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/show/amvca/season/9/news/full-list-here-are-all-our-amvca-9-nominees/news |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=AMVCA - Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}</ref> |- |''Baby Blues''|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Kyautar Fim | rowspan="1" |Shi da kansa|{{Pending}} | |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2019 |''Rayuwa a Bay'' |Daraktan |- |2019 |''Waƙoƙi'' |Daraktan |- |2021 |''Dauda'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2021 |''Baby Blues'' |Daraktan |- |2022 |''Tsarin Abubuwa'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2023 |''Maza ƙaunatattun mutane'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2024 |''Menene Ka Tsoro da Gaskiya?'' |Daraktan |- |2024 |''[[lisabi: Tashin hankali|Lisabi]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2025 |''Red Circle'' |Mai gabatarwa da Mai daukar hoto |- |} [[Rukuni:Yarbawa]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] rujar4l8irzwxdf01kqd3kdph56r0ki 885015 885014 2026-07-19T19:48:30Z Hamza DK 12444 /* Ayyuka */ 885015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Oreoluwa Racheal Awolowo (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Nora Awolowo, shi ne mai shirya fina-finai Na Najeriya, darektan, kuma mai daukar hoto.[1][2][3][4] A shekara ta 2025 ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta mai shirya fina-finai na Najeriya da ta kai ga matsayi na ofishin jakadancin miliyan 100 na Red Circle, fim ɗin da ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai daukar hoto. Har ila yau, ita ce mace ta farko ta Najeriya da aka zaɓa don Mafi kyawun Cinematography a Afirka Magic Viewers" Choice Awards (AMVCA) saboda aikinta a cikin littafin Najeriya na 2024 Lisabi: The Uprising . [5] == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Awolowo, ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, inda har yanzu take zaune. Ta sami digiri a fannin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] a shekarar 2019. <ref name="Sule">{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> A jami'a, ta haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto kuma ta koyi ɗaukar hotuna tare da wayarta, tana samun wasu ayyukan da aka biya yayin da take dalibi. Fiye da sha'awar ba da labari, ta sauya zuwa yin fim, ta fara da yin rubuce-rubuce a bayan fage don ayyukan talabijin marasa tsari, kamar [[Lota Chukwu]]'s Lota Takes . A wannan lokacin, ta kuma koya wa kanta don gyara abubuwan talabijin, ta ƙarfafa sha'awarta ga aikin fim.<ref name="Sule" /> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da ta kammala karatunta daga jami'a a shekarar 2019,Awolowo ya shafe shekaru biyu yana aiki a masana'antar fina-finai. A wannan shekarar ta kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai nata,Rixel Studios, kuma ta fitar da shirinta na farko mai suna "Life at the Bay," wanda ke bibiyar rayuwar mata da ke zaune a [[Tarkwa Bay Beach|Tarkwa Bay]]. The short was screened at the [[Africa International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2019 |title=Here's the Full List of Films Selected for AFRIFF 2019 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/heres-the-full-list-of-films-selected-for-afriff-2019/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=The |date=2019-02-18 |title=See the women of Tarkwa Bay in trailer for new documentary, "Life At The Bay" |url=https://thenativemag.com/see-women-tarkwa-bay-trailer-new-documentary-life-bay/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta kafa wani tsari a cikin aikinta na farko, wanda sau da yawa ke bincika ƙalubalen sirri da na zamantakewa da 'yan Najeriya ke fuskanta, musamman mata. A wannan shekarar ta biyo baya da "Symphonies," wani ɗan gajeren fim mai ba da labari game da wata matashiya wacce rayuwarta ta fara warwarewa a tsakiyar ƙalubalen da ta fuskanta. A shekarar 2021, ta fitar da "David", wani fim mai tushen addini game da wani saurayi da ke gab da kashe kansa. Fim ɗin ya ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka biyu kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya shida. .<ref name="Sule">{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSule2022">Sule, Mariam (5 April 2022). [https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ "I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora"]. ''Zikoko!''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DAVID |url=https://filmfreeway.com/DAVIDshortfilm |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2019 |title=Nora Awolowo Releases Teaser For Her Documentary "All Lives Matter" |url=https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210025509/https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |archive-date=10 December 2024 |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=stationmag.com}}</ref> Nasarar Awolowo ta zo ne tare da ''Baby Blues'': The Trials of Childbirth (2021), wani shirin da ya nuna kalubalen matan Najeriya da ke fuskantar haihuwa da baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa. A cikin shekarar 2023, an zabi Baby Blues don Kyautattun Bayanai a Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka, tare da wani fim ɗinta, Najeriya: The Debut - wani shirin da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya (FIFA) ta ba da izini, wanda ya ci gaba da lashe rukunin. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto tare da Barnabas Emordi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Netflix, Lisabi: The Uprising, tare da duka biyun suna karɓar gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Mai daukar hoto a Afirka Magic Viewers" Choice Awards (AMVCA). A cikin 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai ɗaukar hoto ga mai ban tsoro ''Red Circle,'' babbar nasarar kasuwanci har zuwa yau. A cikin ƙasa da wata guda bayan da aka saki shi a watan Yuni, ya ƙetare alamar miliyan 100 a ofishin akwatin, ya kafa Awolowo a matsayin ƙaramin mai shirya fina-finai na Najeriya da ya kai wannan ma'auni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Uchechukwu |date=2025-07-11 |title=Nora Awolowo Sets Record as Red Circle Hits ₦100M Box Office |url=https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nora-awolowo-red-circle/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Rex Clarke Adventures |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == Awolowo ta kasance mai gabatarwa sau uku - a cikin shekarar 2020, 2021, da 2023 - don Kyautar Kyautar Afirka ta gaba a cikin Kyautar Fim. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=The Future Awards Africa names 2020 nominees, all under-28 + Full list |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/the-future-awards-africa-names-2020-nominees-all-under-28-full-list/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=theeagleonline.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Future Awards: Rema, DJ Cuppy, Others Nominated (Full List) |url=https://allnews.ng/news/the-future-awards-rema-dj-cuppy-others-nominated-full-list |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=allnews.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=The Future Awards Africa 2023: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/future-awards-africa-2023-all-nominees |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2025 ta sami lambar yabo ta Zikoko's HERtitude don Fim. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=These Emerging Nigerian Filmmakers are Having a Great Year - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/listicles/these-emerging-nigerian-filmmakers-are-having-a-great-year/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Bayanan lambar yabo !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2020 |Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Kyautar Fim ||| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=DJ Cuppy, Tomike Adeoye, Taaooma, Jemima Osunde Nominated For The Future Awards Africa (TFAA) 2020 (See Full List) |url=https://fabwoman.ng/tfaa-2020-nominees-list-fabwoman/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=fabwoman.ng}}</ref> |- |2019 |25 A karkashin 25 SME Awards |Mafi kyawun kafofin watsa labarai da Sadarwa ||| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2019 |title=Meet The Winners of 2019 25under25 Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/09/25under25-awards-winners/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] | rowspan="2" |Mafi Kyawun Bayani |''Najeriya: Farko''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |url=https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/show/amvca/season/9/news/full-list-here-are-all-our-amvca-9-nominees/news |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=AMVCA - Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}</ref> |- |''Baby Blues''|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Kyautar Fim | rowspan="1" |Shi da kansa|{{Pending}} | |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2019 |''Rayuwa a Bay'' |Daraktan |- |2019 |''Waƙoƙi'' |Daraktan |- |2021 |''Dauda'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2021 |''Baby Blues'' |Daraktan |- |2022 |''Tsarin Abubuwa'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2023 |''Maza ƙaunatattun mutane'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2024 |''Menene Ka Tsoro da Gaskiya?'' |Daraktan |- |2024 |''[[lisabi: Tashin hankali|Lisabi]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2025 |''Red Circle'' |Mai gabatarwa da Mai daukar hoto |- |} [[Rukuni:Yarbawa]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] nemtbw5q8rhx6bjq0seyblwecf2nvcw 885016 885015 2026-07-19T19:51:24Z Hamza DK 12444 885016 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Oreoluwa Racheal Awolowo (an haife shi a ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1999), wanda aka fi sani da Nora Awolowo, shi ne mai shirya fina-finai Na Najeriya, darektan, kuma mai daukar hoto.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nora_Awolowo#cite_note-1</ref> [2][3][4] A shekara ta 2025 ta zama mafi ƙanƙanta mai shirya fina-finai na Najeriya da ta kai ga matsayi na ofishin jakadancin miliyan 100 na Red Circle, fim ɗin da ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai daukar hoto. Har ila yau, ita ce mace ta farko ta Najeriya da aka zaɓa don Mafi kyawun Cinematography a Afirka Magic Viewers" Choice Awards (AMVCA) saboda aikinta a cikin littafin Najeriya na 2024 Lisabi: The Uprising . [5] == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Awolowo, ta girma kuma ta yi karatu a Jihar [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], Najeriya, inda har yanzu take zaune. Ta sami digiri a fannin lissafi daga [[Jami'ar jihar Ekiti|Jami'ar Jihar Ekiti]] a shekarar 2019. <ref name="Sule">{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}</ref> A jami'a, ta haɓaka sha'awar daukar hoto kuma ta koyi ɗaukar hotuna tare da wayarta, tana samun wasu ayyukan da aka biya yayin da take dalibi. Fiye da sha'awar ba da labari, ta sauya zuwa yin fim, ta fara da yin rubuce-rubuce a bayan fage don ayyukan talabijin marasa tsari, kamar [[Lota Chukwu]]'s Lota Takes . A wannan lokacin, ta kuma koya wa kanta don gyara abubuwan talabijin, ta ƙarfafa sha'awarta ga aikin fim.<ref name="Sule" /> == Ayyuka == A lokacin da ta kammala karatunta daga jami'a a shekarar 2019,Awolowo ya shafe shekaru biyu yana aiki a masana'antar fina-finai. A wannan shekarar ta kafa kamfanin shirya fina-finai nata,Rixel Studios, kuma ta fitar da shirinta na farko mai suna "Life at the Bay," wanda ke bibiyar rayuwar mata da ke zaune a [[Tarkwa Bay Beach|Tarkwa Bay]]. The short was screened at the [[Africa International Film Festival]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2019 |title=Here's the Full List of Films Selected for AFRIFF 2019 |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/heres-the-full-list-of-films-selected-for-afriff-2019/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Native |first=The |date=2019-02-18 |title=See the women of Tarkwa Bay in trailer for new documentary, "Life At The Bay" |url=https://thenativemag.com/see-women-tarkwa-bay-trailer-new-documentary-life-bay/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=The NATIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma ta kafa wani tsari a cikin aikinta na farko, wanda sau da yawa ke bincika ƙalubalen sirri da na zamantakewa da 'yan Najeriya ke fuskanta, musamman mata. A wannan shekarar ta biyo baya da "Symphonies," wani ɗan gajeren fim mai ba da labari game da wata matashiya wacce rayuwarta ta fara warwarewa a tsakiyar ƙalubalen da ta fuskanta. A shekarar 2021, ta fitar da "David", wani fim mai tushen addini game da wani saurayi da ke gab da kashe kansa. Fim ɗin ya ci gaba da lashe kyaututtuka biyu kuma an nuna shi a bukukuwan fina-finai na duniya shida. .<ref name="Sule">{{Cite web |last=Sule |first=Mariam |date=2022-04-05 |title=I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora |url=https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Zikoko! |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSule2022">Sule, Mariam (5 April 2022). [https://www.zikoko.com/her/i-went-from-taking-pictures-with-my-phone-to-making-award-winning-films-in-less-than-five-years-nora/ "I Went From Taking Pictures With My Phone to Making Award Winning Films in Less Than Five Years – Nora"]. ''Zikoko!''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DAVID |url=https://filmfreeway.com/DAVIDshortfilm |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=filmfreeway.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 August 2019 |title=Nora Awolowo Releases Teaser For Her Documentary "All Lives Matter" |url=https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210025509/https://stationmag.com/nora-awolowo-releases-teaser-for-her-documentary-all-lives-matter/ |archive-date=10 December 2024 |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=stationmag.com}}</ref> Nasarar Awolowo ta zo ne tare da ''Baby Blues'': The Trials of Childbirth (2021), wani shirin da ya nuna kalubalen matan Najeriya da ke fuskantar haihuwa da baƙin ciki bayan haihuwa. A cikin shekarar 2023, an zabi Baby Blues don Kyautattun Bayanai a Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka, tare da wani fim ɗinta, Najeriya: The Debut - wani shirin da Ƙungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Duniya (FIFA) ta ba da izini, wanda ya ci gaba da lashe rukunin. A cikin shekarar 2024, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai daukar hoto tare da Barnabas Emordi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na tarihi na Netflix, Lisabi: The Uprising, tare da duka biyun suna karɓar gabatarwa don Mafi kyawun Mai daukar hoto a Afirka Magic Viewers" Choice Awards (AMVCA). A cikin 2025, ta yi aiki a matsayin furodusa da mai ɗaukar hoto ga mai ban tsoro ''Red Circle,'' babbar nasarar kasuwanci har zuwa yau. A cikin ƙasa da wata guda bayan da aka saki shi a watan Yuni, ya ƙetare alamar miliyan 100 a ofishin akwatin, ya kafa Awolowo a matsayin ƙaramin mai shirya fina-finai na Najeriya da ya kai wannan ma'auni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Henry |first=Uchechukwu |date=2025-07-11 |title=Nora Awolowo Sets Record as Red Circle Hits ₦100M Box Office |url=https://rexclarkeadventures.com/nora-awolowo-red-circle/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Rex Clarke Adventures |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bambance-bambance == Awolowo ta kasance mai gabatarwa sau uku - a cikin shekarar 2020, 2021, da 2023 - don Kyautar Kyautar Afirka ta gaba a cikin Kyautar Fim. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=The Future Awards Africa names 2020 nominees, all under-28 + Full list |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/the-future-awards-africa-names-2020-nominees-all-under-28-full-list/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=theeagleonline.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Future Awards: Rema, DJ Cuppy, Others Nominated (Full List) |url=https://allnews.ng/news/the-future-awards-rema-dj-cuppy-others-nominated-full-list |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=allnews.ng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-03 |title=The Future Awards Africa 2023: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/future-awards-africa-2023-all-nominees |access-date=2025-12-23 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> A shekara ta 2025 ta sami lambar yabo ta Zikoko's HERtitude don Fim. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-12-20 |title=These Emerging Nigerian Filmmakers are Having a Great Year - What Kept Me Up |url=https://whatkeptmeup.com/listicles/these-emerging-nigerian-filmmakers-are-having-a-great-year/ |access-date=2025-12-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Bikin bayar da kyautar !Bayanan lambar yabo !Ayyuka !Sakamakon !Ref |- |2020 |Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Kyautar Fim ||| {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 November 2020 |title=DJ Cuppy, Tomike Adeoye, Taaooma, Jemima Osunde Nominated For The Future Awards Africa (TFAA) 2020 (See Full List) |url=https://fabwoman.ng/tfaa-2020-nominees-list-fabwoman/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=fabwoman.ng}}</ref> |- |2019 |25 A karkashin 25 SME Awards |Mafi kyawun kafofin watsa labarai da Sadarwa ||| {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2019 |title=Meet The Winners of 2019 25under25 Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/09/25under25-awards-winners/ |access-date=25 September 2021 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |[[2023 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] | rowspan="2" |Mafi Kyawun Bayani |''Najeriya: Farko''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |url=https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/show/amvca/season/9/news/full-list-here-are-all-our-amvca-9-nominees/news |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=AMVCA - Full List: Here are all our AMVCA 9 Nominees |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}</ref> |- |''Baby Blues''|{{Nom}} |- |Kyautar nan gaba ta Afirka |Kyautar Fim | rowspan="1" |Shi da kansa|{{Pending}} | |} == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi |- |2019 |''Rayuwa a Bay'' |Daraktan |- |2019 |''Waƙoƙi'' |Daraktan |- |2021 |''Dauda'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2021 |''Baby Blues'' |Daraktan |- |2022 |''Tsarin Abubuwa'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2023 |''Maza ƙaunatattun mutane'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2024 |''Menene Ka Tsoro da Gaskiya?'' |Daraktan |- |2024 |''[[lisabi: Tashin hankali|Lisabi]]'' |Mai daukar hoto |- |2025 |''Red Circle'' |Mai gabatarwa da Mai daukar hoto |- |} [[Rukuni:Yarbawa]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] llz092v7k5ic5w24oibefa16kd39f2w 0 54124 885012 879930 2026-07-19T19:39:36Z Hamza DK 12444 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344770195|Eric Aghimien]]" 885012 wikitext text/x-wiki   Eric Enomamien Aghimien darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. [1][2] Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng,com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer,Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] ey3xclt8ncgxk5viz877i1k50v2sz87 885013 885012 2026-07-19T19:40:44Z Hamza DK 12444 885013 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Eric Enomamien Aghimien darektan Najeriya ne, furodusa, marubuci da kuma edita. [1][2] Fim dinsa na farko, A Mile from Home ya lashe kyaututtuka a duka 2014 Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards da 10th Africa Movie Academy Awards . == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Eric Aghimien a garin Benin, [[Edo|Jihar Edo]] kuma ita ce ta huɗu cikin yara bakwai. A lokacin da yake da shekaru takwas yayin da yake makarantar firamare, ya fara zana wasan kwaikwayo kuma ya sayar da wasu ga 'yan uwansa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=31 May 2016 |access-date=19 August 2014 |website=nollysilverscreen.com/}}</ref> Ya halarci Kwalejin Immaculate Conception, Benin City da Auchi Polytechnic, Jihar Edo, Najeriya. Eric yana da baiwa ta halitta tare da ƙwarewar fasaha wanda ya haɗa da; raira waƙa, ƙira da zane. Babban abin sha'awa tun yana yaro shine kallon fina-finai tare da yin iyo da kwallon kafa. Ya sami difloma na kasa a Fasahar Laboratory na Kimiyya a shekara ta 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwuala |first=Amara |title=I Was Detained By The Nigerian Customs Service For 9 Days & They Requested N400,000.00 For My Bail Because I Imported Airsoft Guns' – Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile From Home |url=http://www.360nobs.com/2015/04/i-was-detained-by-the-nigerian-customs-service-for-9-days-they-requested-n400000-00-for-my-bail-because-i-imported-airsoft-guns-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=360nobs.com}}</ref> Yayinda yake samun difloma, ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar kiɗa da ake kira Da TED . Bayan difloma ta kasa, Eric ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a nishaɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Yvonne |title='I worked as a waiter in some restaurants '– Eric Aghimien, Director, A Mile from Home |url=http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413091126/http://happenings.com.ng/i-worked-as-a-waiter-in-some-restaurants-eric-aghimien-director-a-mile-from-home/ |archive-date=13 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=happenings.com.ng}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2006, Aghimien ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] daga Benin kuma ya yanke shawarar neman aiki a fim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akinseye |first=Isabella |title="I was detained for nine days by Customs for importing props…" Eric Aghimien |url=http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531205003/http://nollysilverscreen.com/?p=385 |archive-date=2016-05-31 |access-date=2014-07-22 |website=Nolly Silver Screen}}</ref> Ya fara aikin fim dinsa a shekara ta 2007 a cibiyar horar da kwamfuta inda ya koyi yadda ake amfani da kwamfutoci, zane-zane da gyaran bidiyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agbedeh |first=Terh |title=I made A Mile from Home with very little expectation – Eric Aghimien |url=https://www.thenicheng.com/i-made-a-mile-from-home-with-very-little-expectation-eric-aghimien/ |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.thenicheng,com}}</ref> Eric yana so ya yi karatun fim a kasashen waje amma bai iya tara isasshen kudade don ganin shi ba. Ya ci gaba da karatunsa ta hanyar samar da koyarwa a kan layi. Eric ya kafa Hills Pictures Movie Academy a cikin 2008 wanda ke taimakawa masu basira masu zuwa ganowa, haɓaka da nuna basirarsu. A shekara ta 2011, ya yi wani ɗan gajeren fim na gwaji mai taken Heckto wanda aka zaba don Amfani da Tasiri na Musamman da Mafi kyawun Actor a bikin gajeren fina-finai na kasa da kasa na 2012. Aghimien ya kuma yi fim dinsa na farko A Mile from Home, wasan kwaikwayo na aiki, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan bita.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awojide |first=Sylvester |title=Movie Review: A Mile From Home Featuring Tope Tedela |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2014/05/28/movie-review-mile-home-featuring-tope-tedela/ |access-date=22 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwelue |first=Onyeka |title=A MILE FROM HOME IS A GREAT FILM by Onyeka Nwelue |url=http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416170258/http://www.sabinews.com/all-news/mile-home-great-film-onyeka-nwelue/ |archive-date=16 April 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=www.sabinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Olukorede |first=O |title=Fast Rising Movie Producer,Eric Aghimien, Premieres One Of Nollywood's Best Thriller in Silverbird Cinemas |url=http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213225653/http://broadstreetng.com/?p=7057 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=broadstreetng.com}}</ref> == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Fim din !Matsayi |- |2011 |''Heckto'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2013 |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |2014 |''Leeway'' (Ƙaramin) |Marubuci, darektan |- |2016 |''[[Slow Country (fim)|Ƙasar da ba ta da kyau]]'' |Marubuci, furodusa, darektan |- |} == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Ayyuka !Sakamakon |- | rowspan="1" |2013 |Kyautar Blueprint |Mai shirya fina-finai na Shekara |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="22" |2014 |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mai tsara Haske mafi kyau | rowspan="22" |''[[A Mile from Home|Mile daga Gida]]''| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar Kwalejin Fina-Finan Afirka|Kyautar Kwalejin Fim ta Afirka]] |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Bayanan Bayani| {{Won}} |- |Nasarar da aka samu a cikin Make-Up| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oloketuyi |first=Seun |title=Full list of Nominees for Nollywood Movies Awards (Centenary Edition) |url=http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184051/http://www.bestofnollywood.tv/2014/10/09/full-list-of-nominees-for-nollywood-movies-awards-centenary-edition/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=bestofnollywood.tv/}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim ɗin da aka gyara| {{Won}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Fim| {{Nom}} |- |Fim tare da Mafi Kyawun Tasiri na Musamman| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="6" |[[Golden Icons Academy Awards Awards|Kyautar Golden Icons Academy Movie]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Izuzu |first=Chidumga |date=26 October 2014 |title=GIAMA 2014: Full List of Winners |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520190023/http://pulse.ng/movies/giama-2014-full-list-of-winners-id3224014.html |archive-date=20 May 2017 |access-date=8 April 2015 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Won}} |- |Mai gabatarwa na Shekara| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi Kyawun Edita| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Hoton Motion Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- | rowspan="5" |[[Kyautar Fina-finai ta Nollywood|Kyautar Fim din Nollywood]] |Darakta Mafi Kyawu| {{Nom}} |- |Fim mafi kyau| {{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Cinematography| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Hoton Farko| {{Nom}} |- |Mafi kyawun Tsarin| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |Bikin Fim na Afirka da Kyautar Kwalejin (ZAFAA) |Mafi kyawun Mai gabatarwa| {{Nom}} |- |Edita mafi kyau| {{Won}} |} == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin masu shirya fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1982]] 5bab6w5qx01zjb0iif9pe9ywtywzzjj 0 54207 885149 820883 2026-07-20T10:24:47Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 An kirkira ta fassara "Filmography" daga shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363935810|Swanky JKA]]" 885149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jideofor Kenechukwu Achufusi''' (an haife shi a ranar 17 ga Oktoba 1991) shi ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne [[Ɗan Najeriya|Na Najeriya]] kuma samfurin, wanda aka sani da '''Swanky JKA.''' . An fi yawan saninsa da hotonsa na Nnamdi Okeke a cikin Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, da kuma Chidi a cikin Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=25 February 2021 |title=KAMBILI: THE WHOLE 30 YARDS |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kambili_the_whole_30_yards |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=ROTTEN TOMATOES |language=en-US}}</ref> Ya lashe lambar yabo ta Trailblazer a shekarar 2020 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards (AMVCA). == Fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Year !Title !Role !Notes |- |2014 |''Burning Bridges'' |Manny |Alongside [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Lost Pride'' |Juice |Alongside [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Lost Pride'' |Juice |Drama |- |2016 |''Poka Messiah'' |Xavier |Alongside [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], [[Yul Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Pretty Little Thing'' |Michael |Alongside [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''A Lonely Lane'' |Kelly |Alongside Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Alongside [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Romance |- |''Big Mess'' | |Comedy |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Lionheart]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Reporter |Alongside [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Alongside Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke | |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Alongside [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''A Bride with the Gun'' |Pope |Alongside Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Dwindle]]'' |Chinedu |Alongside [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Lockdown'' |Sam |Alongside Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Bad Boys & Bridesmaid'' |Olisa |Alongside Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Dice'' |Yomi Taiwo |Alongside Imoudu Ayonote, [[Femi Branch]] |- |''Ejiro's Lust'' |Bobby |Alongside Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Dear Sister'' |Jide |Alongside Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Brotherhood]]'' |Simon |Alongside [[Mercy Aigbe]], Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Action / comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|I am Nazzy]]'' | |Comedy / romance |- |''Luckily Unfortunate'' | |Alongside [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''My Oyibo Queen'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Alongside [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah]]'' |Emeka Judah |Alongside [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Blood Vessel]]'' |Boma |Adventure / drama / thriller |- |''Ifediche'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Bleeding Butterfly'' |Jide |Directed by Ernest Obi |- |''Special Assistant'' |Joel |Alongside Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Lead alongside [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''I Love You Regardless'' | |Alongside [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Break of Dawn'' | |Directed by [[Umanu Elijah]] |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Ayyuka == Asalinsa samfurin, Achufusi ya fara aikinsa na wasan kwaikwayo ne ta hanyar taka muhimmiyar rawa a fina-finai na [[Nollywood]] Poka Messiah, Black Rose, Pretty Little Thing, Ofu Obi da A Lonely Lane . Ya samu ci gaba a shekarar 2019 ta hanyar taka rawar Nnamdi Okeke a fim din Living in Bondage: Breaking Free, wanda ya ba shi kyautar mafi kyawun ɗan wasan kwaikwayo da lambar yabo ta Trailblazer, duka biyu a Afirka Magic Viewers' Choice Awards a shekarar 2020. == Hotunan fina-finai == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekara !Taken !Matsayi !Bayani |- |2014 |''Bridges masu cin wuta'' |Manny |Tare da [[Ken Erics]], [[Ivie Okujaye]] |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Tare da [[Tana Adelana]], [[Eucharia Anunobi]] |- |''Girman da ya ɓace'' |Mai daɗi |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |2016 |''Poka Almasihu'' |Xavier |Tare da [[Jude Thomas Dawam]], Yul Edochie |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |''Kyakkyawan Kyakkyawar'' |Mika'ilu |Tare da [[Jide Kosoko]], [[Ngozi Ezeonu]] |- |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki'' |Kelly |Tare da Uju Anikwe, Juliet Ekeson |- | rowspan="4" |2018 |''[[Black Rose (fim na 2018)|Black Rose]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-06-03 |title=Black Rose |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2018/06/black-rose.html |access-date=2021-02-20 |website=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> |Nelo |Tare da [[Blossom Chukwujekwu]] |- |''[[Crazy, Lovely, Cool|Hauka, Mai Kyau, Mai Kyawu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okechukwu |first=Daniel |date=2019-12-13 |title='Crazy, Lovely, Cool' is Nollywood's first TV show on Netflix |url=https://culturecustodian.com/crazy-lovely-cool-is-nollywoods-first-tv-show-on-netflix/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=The Culture Custodian}}</ref> |Neo |Soyayya |- |''Babban Rashin Amfani'' | |Wasan kwaikwayo |- |''[[Lionheart (fim na 2018)|Zuciya ta Zaki]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> |Mai ba da rahoto |Tare da [[Genevieve Nnaji]], [[Nkem Owoh]], [[Pete Edochie]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |''Ofuobi'' |Jide |Tare da Victoria Dijey, Chioma Idigo |- |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-23 |title=Kenneth Okonkwo, Swanky JKA, Kanayo O. Kanayo... Meet the Cast of "Living In Bondage: Breaking Free" |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/cast-of-living-in-bondage-breaking-free/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |Nnamdi Okeke |Matsayin ci gaba |- | rowspan="2" |2020 |''[[kambili: The Whole 30 Yards|Kambili: Dukan Yards 30]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-04 |title="Kambili: The Whole 30 Yards" New Teaser Stars Nancy Isime, Mawuli Gavor & Swanky JKA |url=https://thelagosreview.ng/kambili-the-whole-30-yards-new-teaser-stars-nancy-isime-mawuli-gavor-swanky-jka/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=[[The Lagos Review]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |Chidi |Tare da [[Mawuli Gavor|Mawuli Gavour]], [[Nancy Isime]] |- |''Bride da Makami'' |Paparoma |Tare da Avira Akpobi, Ifeanyi Anike |- | rowspan="6" |2021 |''[[Dwindle (fim)|Rashin ƙarfi]]'' |Chinedu |Tare da [[Broda Shaggi]] |- |''Rufewa'' |Sam |Tare da Omini Aho, [[Chioma Chukwuka]] |- |''Mummunan yara maza da amarya'' |Olisa |Tare da Rosemary Abazie, Ademola Adedoyin |- |''Ya ce'' |Yomi Taiwo |Tare da Imoudu Ayonote, reshen Femi[[Femi Branch|Rukunin Rukunin]] |- |''Muradin Ejiro'' |Bobby |Tare da Tana Adelana, [[Abayomi Alvin]] |- |''Ƙaunar 'Yar'uwa'' |Jide |Tare da Eucharia Anunobi Ekwu, Jude Thomas Dawam |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |''[[Brother hood 2022)|Ɗan'uwa]]'' |Siman |Tare da Mercy Aigbe, Adebowale Adetayo |- |''[[Money Miss Road|Kudin Miss Road]]'' |Joe |Ayyuka / Comedy |- |''[[Ni Nazzy|Ni Na Na Na Na Rashin]]'' | |Comedy / Romance |- |''Abin farin ciki'' | |Tare da [[Uzor Arukwe]], Emmanuel Blaq |- |''Sarauniyar Oyibo'' | | |- |''[[Ije Awele]]'' |Dubem / Dubar |Tare da [[Victoria Nwogu]], [[Onyeka Onwenu]] |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |''[[A Tribe Called Judah|Ƙabilar da ake kira Yahuza]]'' |Emeka Yahuza |Tare da [[Funke Akindele]] |- |''[[Blood Vessels (fim na 2023)|Jirgin Jini]]'' |Boma |Labari / Wasan kwaikwayo / Mai ban tsoro |- |''Abin sha'awa'' | |[[Chiwetalu Agu|Chiwet Agualu]], Pete Edochie |- |''Butterfly mai zubar da jini'' |Jide |Ernest Obi ne ya shirya shi |- |''Mataimakin Musamman'' |Joel |Tare da Kameel Audu, Aderinoye Babatunde |- |2023 |''Flip Side'' |Chike |Ifeanyi Anike, Chinenye Chukwu |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''Japa'' |Mezu |Jagora tare da [[Adesua Etomi]] |- |''Ina son ka ba tare da la'akari ba'' | |Tare da [[Lateef Adedimeji]], Francis Atela |- |''Rashin Haske'' | |Umanu Elijah ne ya shirya shiUmanu Iliya |- |2026 |''Aba Blues'' | | |} == Kyaututtuka == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" !Shekara !Kyautar !Sashe !Fim din !Sakamakon !Ref |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Hanyar Makaɗaukaki''|{{Won}} | |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Ofu Obi''|{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="6" |2020 | rowspan="2" |[[Kyautar zaɓuɓɓuka masu kallon afirka|Kyautar Zaɓin Masu Bincike na Afirka]] |Mafi kyawun Actor |''[[Living in Bondage: Breaking Free|Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa]]''| {{Nom}} | |- |Kyautar Trailblazer || {{Won}} |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=2020-03-14 |title=And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ?? |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ |access-date=2021-02-21 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBellaNaija.com2020">BellaNaija.com (14 March 2020). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/03/amvca-trailblazer/ "And the Winner of #AMVCA7 Trailblazer Award is... Swanky JKA ??"]. ''BellaNaija''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="4" |[[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards|Mafi Kyawun Kyautar Nollywood]] |Mafi kyawun Actor a Matsayi na Jagora (Turanci) |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''|{{Won}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Ru'ya ta Shekara (Male) ||{{Won}} |- |Mafi kyawun Actor a matsayin Jagora (Igbo) |''Nne''| {{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | |- |Mafi Kyawun Kiss a cikin Fim |''Rayuwa a cikin Bondage: Kashewa''| {{Nom}} |- |2021 |Darajar Intanet |Mafi Mashahuriyar Actor ||{{Won}} | |} == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 6h2vnl2a3g5yfh2bysvz12j4koni8y1 3 57022 885042 871992 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885042 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ummun Sultan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ummun Sultan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 16 ga Augusta, 2023 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 4ojgo6z3gafkflbr8gzfsza2gutmzfo 3 61344 885033 871984 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885033 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abubakar Kaddi! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abubakar Kaddi|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 7 Oktoba 2023 (UTC) == Gyara == Aslm, @[[User:Abubakar Kaddi|Abubakar Kaddi]] Brk da yau. Na ga kana saka '''Kuma''' a tsakkiyar '''An'''....'''Haifeshi...''' hakan bai bada ma'ana ba '''An kuma haife shi'''! ?. Hakan na nufin an '''sake haifuwar shi kenan'''!!. Ya kamata mu riƙa sanin gyaran da mu ke. Dukkan mu Hausawa ne. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 13:08, 9 ga Janairu, 2024 (UTC) == Shekarar == @[[User:Abubakar Kaddi|Abubakar Kaddi]] na lura kana saka shekarar da haruffa bayan an riga da an saka lambobin kaga hakan zai zamana Misali, '''An haifeshi ranar 8 ga watan Disamba, ashekara ta alif dari tara da tamanin da bakwai 1987''' kaga an saka shekarar sau biyu kenan. Ka dena haka idan har ba'a saka sunan shekarar ba kuma ka saka da haruffa is okay, Amman idan an saka da lambobi kai kuma ka kara da haruffa to mike nan kayi ?!. Duk wani bahaushe ko mai jin Yaren Hausa idan aka saka '''1987''' ya san mi ake nufi !. Ina fatan kasan ka'idoji gyara ba wai ku riƙa gyara wanda bai bada ma'ana. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 09:17, 3 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) :Assalam Alaikum @[[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]], Na fahimci duk abinda kake nufi kuma Insha'Allah zan cigaba da yin yadda ka shawarce Ni. Ina so ka bude Ni domin ci gaba da yin gyara a Wikipedia. Nagode [[User:Abubakar Kaddi|Abubakar Kaddi]] ([[User talk:Abubakar Kaddi#top|talk]]) 20:31, 5 ga Faburairu, 2024 (UTC) == Jawo hankali == @[[User:Abubakar Kaddi|Abubakar Kaddi]] sannunka da Kokari mal. Abubakar Kaddi hakika kana Kokari Wajen inganta mukalu a manhajar wikipedia, anma kana bukatar ka gyara domin kana yin gyara marar inganci domin katara Yawan edits , a mukala kuda Sai kayi gyaran da yakai guda 20 Wanda abunda kake karawa zaka iya barii Sai ka Gama garasu duka sannan ka wallafa anma kana Kara bits in da Basu wuce biyar ba sannan ka walafa [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 09:46, 15 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> rtlqk29yt7508x4psvv44gcbl5sv6uj 3 61441 885038 871986 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885038 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nura Bello! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nura Bello|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 9 Oktoba 2023 (UTC) == Koyarwa == Ina Bukatar kamun bayani Yadda Zanyi amfani da wannan kafa. [[User:Nura Bello|Nura Bello]] ([[User talk:Nura Bello|talk]]) 06:37, 14 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 7kuu9p9sjc4o97s20g54muih9o11llx 3 62317 885036 871989 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885036 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mariya Hamza! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mariya Hamza|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 5 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> rdvozr61h5ennan1agxoy94qu8kqpze 0 62389 885133 876759 2026-07-20T10:02:46Z Maiakwai4u 37986 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344789043|Patience Oghre Imobhio]]" 885133 wikitext text/x-wiki   Patience Oghre Imobhio 'yar fim ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya. Ta kammala karatu a [[Jami'ar Jos]] a cikin Fasaha ta Wasanni, an fi saninta da shirya fina-finai kamar Dominos, Spider da Household, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Dear Mother da Everyday People . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Oghre |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1968451/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Oghre-Imobhio : Biography &#124; Filmography &#124; Awards - Flixanda |url=https://flixanda.com/cast_crew/1029/patience-oghre-imobhio}}</ref> A cikin 2015 mujallar Pulse ta kira ta a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan mata 9 na fina-finai na Najeriya da ya kamata ku sani' a cikin masana'antar fina-fakka ta [[Nollywood]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=9 Nigerian female movie directors you should know |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184056/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=20 September 2016 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Imobhio ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.naijanewspapers.com.ng/patience-oghre-imobhio-my-life-behind-the-camera-43930.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108045454/https://www.naijanewspapers.com.ng/patience-oghre-imobhio-my-life-behind-the-camera-43930.html |archive-date=2023-11-08 |access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> Ta auri Osezua Stephen-Imobhio . == Ayyuka == Imobhio ta fara ne a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1995 amma daga baya ta yanke shawarar cewa tana da sha'awar shirya fina-finai. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jos, ta koma Legas kuma ta shiga kamfanin samar da [[Zab Ejiro|Zeb Ejiro]]. An fi saninta da shirya fina-finai kamar Dominos, Spider, da Household, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Dear Mother da Everyday People . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|1968451}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 37j8a3eo96q7wjoa3ipee9cft9uou7x 885135 885133 2026-07-20T10:03:30Z Maiakwai4u 37986 885135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   Patience Oghre Imobhio 'yar fim ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya. Ta kammala karatu a [[Jami'ar Jos]] a cikin Fasaha ta Wasanni, an fi saninta da shirya fina-finai kamar Dominos, Spider da Household, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Dear Mother da Everyday People . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Oghre |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1968451/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Oghre-Imobhio : Biography &#124; Filmography &#124; Awards - Flixanda |url=https://flixanda.com/cast_crew/1029/patience-oghre-imobhio}}</ref> A cikin 2015 mujallar Pulse ta kira ta a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan mata 9 na fina-finai na Najeriya da ya kamata ku sani' a cikin masana'antar fina-fakka ta [[Nollywood]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=9 Nigerian female movie directors you should know |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184056/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=20 September 2016 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Imobhio ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.naijanewspapers.com.ng/patience-oghre-imobhio-my-life-behind-the-camera-43930.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108045454/https://www.naijanewspapers.com.ng/patience-oghre-imobhio-my-life-behind-the-camera-43930.html |archive-date=2023-11-08 |access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> Ta auri Osezua Stephen-Imobhio . == Ayyuka == Imobhio ta fara ne a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1995 amma daga baya ta yanke shawarar cewa tana da sha'awar shirya fina-finai. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jos, ta koma Legas kuma ta shiga kamfanin samar da [[Zab Ejiro|Zeb Ejiro]]. An fi saninta da shirya fina-finai kamar Dominos, Spider, da Household, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Dear Mother da Everyday People . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|1968451}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 1xk559s0fbs1hme0w5ykkd09sjorv2a 885139 885135 2026-07-20T10:06:29Z Maiakwai4u 37986 885139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}   Patience Oghre Imobhio 'yar fim ce kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a Najeriya. Ta kammala karatun ta a [[Jami'ar Jos]] wato Platu state a cikin Fasaha ta Wasanni, an fi saninta da shirya fina-finai kamar Dominos, Spider da Household, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Dear Mother da Everyday People . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Oghre |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1968451/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patience Oghre-Imobhio : Biography &#124; Filmography &#124; Awards - Flixanda |url=https://flixanda.com/cast_crew/1029/patience-oghre-imobhio}}</ref> A cikin 2015 mujallar Pulse ta kira ta a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan mata 9 na fina-finai na Najeriya da ya kamata ku sani' a cikin masana'antar fina-fakka ta [[Nollywood]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 October 2015 |title=9 Nigerian female movie directors you should know |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184056/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/nollywood-9-nigerian-female-movie-directors-you-should-know-id4231520.html |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=20 September 2016 |publisher=Pulse}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta mutum == Imobhio ta yi karatun wasan kwaikwayo a Jami'ar Jos . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.naijanewspapers.com.ng/patience-oghre-imobhio-my-life-behind-the-camera-43930.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108045454/https://www.naijanewspapers.com.ng/patience-oghre-imobhio-my-life-behind-the-camera-43930.html |archive-date=2023-11-08 |access-date=2020-05-05}}</ref> Ta auri Osezua Stephen-Imobhio . == Ayyuka == Imobhio ta fara ne a matsayin 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a shekarar 1995 amma daga baya ta yanke shawarar cewa tana da sha'awar shirya fina-finai. Bayan kammala karatunta daga Jami'ar Jos, ta koma Legas kuma ta shiga kamfanin samar da [[Zab Ejiro|Zeb Ejiro]]. An fi saninta da shirya fina-finai kamar Dominos, Spider, da Household, da kuma jerin shirye-shiryen talabijin kamar Dear Mother da Everyday People . == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{IMDb name|1968451}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] egmhfj0ixziyifauec36nycj3zspx4i 3 63021 885024 871971 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885024 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Pharouqenr! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Pharouqenr|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 25 Nuwamba, 2023 (UTC) == Barka da Kokari == @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]]....barka da kokari da kuma jajircewarka wurin tabbatar da ailimi a wikipedia ta hausa[[User:Saifullahi AS|Saifullahi AS]] ([[User talk:Saifullahi AS|talk]]) 20:09, 18 Mayu 2024 (UTC) == Gyara == Brk da wannan lokaci @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]]. Na ga kana ta editing ko gyara hakan yayi. Amman mu riƙa sanin ya kamata wurin gyaran na mu. Ma'ana mu riƙa mai ma'ana sosai. Misali kaga ana rubuta shekarar da lambobin (1999), ka kuma sai ka goge ko kara rubuta wannan sunan shekara da kalmomi. Wanda hakan kuskure ne kasancewar duk wani bahaushe da yaga an rubuta '''1999''' to ya san mi aka saka ba kukatar kuma a sake rubuta shekarar da kalmomi. Idan da ba'a saka da lambobin ba kai kuma ka saka da kalmomi hakan ba wani abu bane. Ina fatan za mu kula!. Nagode. [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 06:30, 1 ga Yuni, 2024 (UTC) == Gaisuwa == Sannu da aiki Ammar [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 13:29, 6 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Sunana umarkhan daga garin daya fika l.g yobe state unguwar tsamiya daya. == Nima inakarantar electrial ne nima inaso na zama perfect nima. == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:23, 26 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> :Thank you for alerting me, I'm glad to contribute as much as I can.🙏 [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 10:47, 26 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) == [[Chancellor Williams]] == Assalam, Jinjina da kokari sannan kuma wannan mukala da ka kirkira tana dauke da gyararraki da yawa, Da fatan a gaba za'a rika kulawa. Mu huta lafiya [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 09:22, 12 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :Wassalam, :Ina gidiya @[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] za'a cigaba da kulawa in sha Allah. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 12:38, 12 Mayu 2025 (UTC) == Natasha Ntlangwini == Jinjina da kokari malam @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]], Amma sai dai wannan mukala [[Natasha Ntlangwini]] kaman ba kai ka kirkireta ba saboda na san ayyukan ka suna da inganci, amma a wannan shafin na ga gyararraki da yawa. Na yi duk wata gyara da ake bukata amma a gaba ka inganta fassarar ka. Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:04, 20 Mayu 2025 (UTC) :Nagede @[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] ina godiya da dukkan gyararrakin da kakeyi😊 [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 07:59, 22 Mayu 2025 (UTC) == Sauya suna Zanga Zangar Al'ummar Togo zuwa [[Gangamin al'ummar Togo]] == Aslm, Na canza taken mukala da ke sama saboda zanga-zanga bai yi dai dai da taken ba (Rally). Da fatan zaka cigaba da aiki mai kyau da kake yi. Bissalam [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:15, 16 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :Nagode @[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] wannan gyara yayi kuma naji dadin hakan. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 11:25, 16 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == linkin mukala == ya ake linking na mukala [[User:Manaf205|Manaf205]] ([[User talk:Manaf205|talk]]) 13:17, 25 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) :Domin samun cikakken video na linking muƙala yiman magana da hanyar sadarwa na Whatsapp. Nagode [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 13:21, 25 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Sannu da kokari == Assalam @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]], Ina ganin ayyukan da kake da kwazo da kake nunawa. Saboda haka ina jinjina maka. A cigaba da aiki mai kyau! [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 05:37, 20 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :Nagode sosai @[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] kana bani karsashi sosai domin jajircewa. Allah ya saka da Alkhairi. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 07:31, 20 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Goyon baya - Kwamitin UC4C (non-voting member) == == Goyon baya == Assalam @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] Ina neman goyon bayanka don zama mamba na kwamitin UC4C (non-voting member). Ga link [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Non-voting_members<nowiki>] ayi comment.</nowiki> Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 08:45, 20 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == [[Special:Diff/715571]] == Good day. What was the revert for? It was done to fix the lint errors [[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|talk]]) 06:42, 23 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :As well as [[Special:Diff/715572]] [[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|talk]]) 06:44, 23 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :But you are repeating the same thing, instead to add or improve, but you deleted "1790" and repeated "1790" what is the meaning of this? [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 06:45, 23 Satumba 2025 (UTC) ::I have no idea what you're saying. I simply just replaced the obsolete HTML tags with "div" tag. [[User:Minorax|Minorax]] ([[User talk:Minorax|talk]]) 06:48, 23 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :::Ok i was confused, but let me revert it again [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 06:51, 23 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Admins) will expire on 2025-10-18 07:55:02. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:43, 11 Oktoba 2025 (UTC)</div> :Thanks for the reminder, i will request for renewal. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 19:45, 11 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Tambaya == Barka da aiki @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] shin zan iya Yin gyara goma ko fiye da haka a mukala daya? [[User:Aliyu aminu ingawa|Aliyu aminu ingawa]] ([[User talk:Aliyu aminu ingawa|talk]]) 10:58, 12 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :Barka dai @[[User:Aliyu aminu ingawa|Aliyu aminu ingawa]] tabbas zaka iya gyara goma ko fiye da haka a muƙala ɗaya indai gyaran yana da cikakkiyar ma'ana da inganci [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 11:32, 12 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Ugwueze Chijioke == Judging from the sources, [[Ugwueze Chijioke]] should be moved to [[Chijioke Ugwueze]]. Best, [[User:Sam Sailor|Sam Sailor]] ([[User talk:Sam Sailor|talk]]) 19:33, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) :Thank you @[[User:Sam Sailor|Sam Sailor]] for reaching out. Done✅ [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 20:02, 8 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Notice of expiration of your sysop right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "sysop" (Admins) will expire on 2026-04-22 18:56:47. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[User:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[User talk:Leaderbot|talk]]) 19:42, 15 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC)</div> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will week between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 18:33, 28 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30471754 --> == Alaman gogewa ([[Copper shark]]) == Assalam, sannu da kokari. Wannan mukala da ke sama na da kurai-kurai da dama kuma yana bukatan gyara sosai don bada ma'ana. Na masa alaman gogewa amma na dan baka lokaci kadan don a gyara. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 01:54, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) :Wassam @[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] a matsayin ka na edita zaka iya bada gudunmawa domin gyarawa, amma na ƙara gyara wasu abubuwa, kaima zanyi maraba da gudunmawarka domin inganta shafin da Wikipedia baki ɗaya. [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 04:28, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) ::@[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]], a matsayinka na wanda ya kirkira shafin ka yi fassara mai kyau tun farko, idan kura-kuran kadan ne sai in gyara. Amma wannan ya wuce gyara. Saboda ma na ga kai ne ka saba kirkirar masu inganci sai yasa na gyara maka. Amma ya cancan SPEEDY DELETION. Saboda bai da ma'ana. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:34, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) :::@[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] zan samu time in gyarata sosai. Nagode da gyara🙂🤝 [[User:Pharouqenr|<span style="color:orange; font-size:130%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Captain Pharouq</span>]] 10:55, 1 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 47ys8ehr7aj6c335tfjfacuyjuwolre 0 67664 885220 696741 2026-07-20T11:42:50Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Fayil:Duck Duck Goose.jpg|thumb|zamantakewa]] [[Fayil:Socialization of Sumatran Numismatic Museum collections; October 2019 (04).jpg|thumb|Zamantakewa]] [[Fayil:Socialization of Sumatran Numismatic Museum collections; October 2019 (02).jpg|thumb|zamantakewa]] '''Zamantakewa''' Masana da dama sun bayyana ra'ayinsu dangane da ma'anar zamantakewa kamar haka: Dalijan B.M. a shekarar (2016), a wata makala da ya gabatar mai taken "Zamantakewar Hausa a jiya" ya bayyana ma'anar zamantakewa da "Asalin kalmar zamantakewa daga zama ne. wato abin da ake nufi anan shi ne zama tare ko dai ta fuskar zumunta ko makwabta ko sana'a ko wurin aiki ko kuma ta sauran hidimomin duniya da sauransu". Ya ci gaba da cewa: "Zamantakewa kuma na iya nufin halin zaman tare na al'ummar Hausawa".<ref>https://www.dw.com/ha/zamantakewa/s-11608</ref> Zamantakewa na nufin kamar yadda sunan ya nuna daga kalmar zama wato abin nufi a nan shi ne zaman tare, ya Allah ko dai ta fuskar zumunta ko makwabtaka, ko kuma ta fuskar yanayin [[Sana’a|sana'a]], ko da yake ma'anar takan iya wuce wannan idan aka yi la'akari da ire-iren dangantakar da ake samu tsakanin al'umma, misali Zamantakewa tsakanin shugabanni da mabiyansu, malamai da kuma ɗalibansu, mata da mazajensu, iyaye da yaransu. == Ire-iren Zamantakewa == Akwai ire-iren Zamantakewa da dama a garin Mayanci, za mu yi bayani a kan wasu daga ciki. # Zamantakewar Aure #Zamantakewa Tsakanin Malami Da Ɗalibai # Zamantakewar Zumunta # Zamantakewar Makwabta # Zamantakewa Tsakanin Shugabanni Da Talakawa. == Zamantakewar Aure == Aure dai wata alaka ce halattacciya, wadda ta halatta zaman tare tsakanin ma'aurata guda biyu, wato miji da mata. Ana yinsa ne saboda abin da aka haifa ya sami asali, da mutunci da kiyayewar uwaye. (Gusau, a shekara ta 2012). A Zamantakewar aure, zama ne na taimakekeniya tsakanin mata da miji, ta hanyar da mata ke yi wa mijinta biyayya tare da tattala duk wani abu da ya kawo gida, haka ma takan kyautatawa iyayen mijinta da dukkan 'yan'uwansa, shi kuma mijin zai kiyaye dukkan Hakkokin matarsa tare da kyautata mata da iyayenta da kuma sauran danganta. Wannan magurza ta yi tasiri kwarai da gaske dangane da Zamantakewa aure, domin kuwa bakin da suka shigo garin Mayanci ta sanadiyyar zuwan magurzar auduga sun yi ta yin auratayya tsakaninsu wanda sakamakon auratayyar nan ya zama dalilin yaduwar iyali tsakanin su har suka zama abu daya. == Zamantakewar Zumunta == Zumunta ita ce a sami wata alaka ta jini a tsakanin 'yan'uwa. Wadannan 'yan'uwa su ne ake kira dangi a Bahaushiyar al'ada. Dangi kuwa su ne 'yan'uwa na kusa da na nesa. Bahaushe mutum ne mai son Zumunci, har ma a cikin karin magana yana cewa: "Zumunta a kafa take" wani lokaci kuma: "dan'uwa rabin jiki".  Magurzar auduga ta garin Mayanci ta yi tasiri kwarai da gaske bangaren Zumunci, domin kuwa bakin da suka shigo ci rani saboda zuwan wannan magurzar har suka gidandance a garin, mazauna garin na asali sun dauke su 'yan'uwan juna. Kenan wannan magurza ta yi tasiri kwarai da gaske bangaren Zumunci. == Zamantakewar Makwabta== Makwabtaka na nufin zama kusa a wajen muhalli na gida ko wajen sana'a ko kuma ta hanyar ma'aikata (Daliban,a shekara ta 2016). Ya ci gaba da cewa: " Idan akwai zama mai kyau na makwabtaka, lalurar da ta shafi makwabcinka tamkar kai ta shafa. Hasali ma akwai karin maganar da ta ce: "Abin da ya taba hanci idanu ruwa suke yi". Sa'annan kuma an ce makwabcinka a lahira shi ke ba da sheda ga makwabcinsa. Idan muka yi la'akari da irin wannan rayuwa ta makwabtaka, wannan magurza ta yi tasiri kwarai da gaske dan gane da makwabtaka, domin ta haifar da abubuwa masu kyau, kuma na alheri da kulla kyakkyawar dangantaka, kenan wannan magurza ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen Zamantakewar makwabtaka. Idan akwai zaman lafiya da kwanciyar hankali da aminci tsakanin maƙwabta, kowane irin alheri yana samuwa ba a kan aikin gona kadai ba, har ma da dukkan sauran al'amurran rayuwar duniya. == Manazarta == kyo2hnd1fi0fg4xm1rxpcxp7asubqd5 0 72014 884889 823890 2026-07-19T12:38:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 884889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kartuli Georgian Sample3.svg|thumb|yaren yan goegia]] [[Fayil:Ann Kalandadze - Tqvi Arjakelo Khviara.jpg|thumb|rubutun yan jojiya]] Jojin (ქართული ენა, romanized: kartuli ena, lafazin [ˈkʰartʰuli ˈena]) shine yaren Kartvelian mafi yaɗuwa; yana kuma zama harshen adabi ko yare don masu magana da harsunan da ke da alaƙa.<ref>https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kat/</ref> Harshen hukuma ne na Jojiya kuma yaren asali ko na farko na kashi 87.6% na yawan jama'arta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222544/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu magana da shi a yau sun kai kusan miliyan hudu. An rubuta Jojin a cikin haruffa na musamman. == Rabewa == Babu wata alaƙa da ke da alaƙa tsakanin harsunan Kartvelian da kowane dangin harshe a duniya da aka yarda da su a cikin manyan harsuna. Daga cikin harsunan Kartvelian, Jojin ya fi kusanci da abin da ake kira harsunan Zan (Megrelian da Laz); Nazarin glottochronological ya nuna cewa ya rabu da na ƙarshe kimanin shekaru 2700 da suka wuce. Svan dangi ne na nesa wanda ya rabu da wuri, watakila shekaru 4000 da suka gabata.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_language#CITEREFHiller1994</ref> == Yaruka == Daidaitaccen Jojiyanci ya dogara ne akan yaren Kartlian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002101/http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa, ya yi tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan sauran yaruka. Sakamakon haka, dukkansu, gabaɗaya, suna fahimtar juna tare da daidaitaccen Jojin, kuma tare da juna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927075905/http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Manazarta == bx4yh3fmbv9znf5n15ek2ewvcn1wqnt 884891 884889 2026-07-19T12:39:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 884891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Kartuli Georgian Sample3.svg|thumb|yaren yan goegia]] [[Fayil:Ann Kalandadze - Tqvi Arjakelo Khviara.jpg|thumb|rubutun yan jojiya]] Jojin (ქართული ენა, romanized: kartuli ena, lafazin [ˈkʰartʰuli ˈena]) shine yaren Kartvelian mafi yaɗuwa; yana kuma zama harshen adabi ko yare don masu magana da harsunan da ke da alaƙa.<ref>https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kat/</ref> Harshen hukuma ne na Jojiya kuma yaren asali ko na farko na kashi 87.6% na yawan jama'arta.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/ |title=Kwafin ajiya |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204222544/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/georgia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Masu magana da shi a yau sun kai kusan miliyan hudu. An rubuta Jojin a cikin haruffa na musamman. == Rabewa == Babu wata alaƙa da ke da alaƙa tsakanin harsunan Kartvelian da kowane dangin harshe a duniya da aka yarda da su a cikin manyan harsuna. Daga cikin harsunan Kartvelian, Jojin ya fi kusanci da abin da ake kira harsunan Zan (Megrelian da Laz); Nazarin glottochronological ya nuna cewa ya rabu da na ƙarshe kimanin shekaru 2700 da suka wuce. Svan dangi ne na nesa wanda ya rabu da wuri, watakila shekaru 4000 da suka gabata.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_language#CITEREFHiller1994</ref> == Yaruka == Daidaitaccen Jojiyanci ya dogara ne akan yaren Kartlian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002101/http://www.armazi.demon.co.uk/georgian/unicode/georgian_dialects.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>Tsawon ƙarnuka da yawa, ya yi tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan sauran yaruka. Sakamakon haka, dukkansu, gabaɗaya, suna fahimtar juna tare da daidaitaccen Jojin, kuma tare da juna<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwafin ajiya |url=http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html |access-date=2024-02-26 |archive-date=2007-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927075905/http://webzone.imer.mah.se/projects/georgianV04/DEMO/Lect04/StandGe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} samlp7zfotl3c2lqllyzhd2xtsy0cah 0 75800 884883 402964 2026-07-19T12:35:49Z Pharouqenr 25549 884883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmine Moutaqui''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Yasmine Mouttaki'''; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1997) Mai dambe ne na ƙasar Maroko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOUTTAKI Yasmine |url=https://www.cnom.org.ma/fr/athlete/mouttaki-yasmine |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.cnom.org.ma |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2017, Moutaqui ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka a [[Brazzaville|Brazzaville, Jamhuriyar Kongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATIN |first=Amine Raad, LE |title=Huit médailles au total pour le Maroc au terme de la compétition |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2017/huit-medailles-au-total-pour-le-maroc-au-terme-de-la-competition/274214.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=lematin.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a wasannin Afirka da ke Rabat, Morocco . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeux africains : l'athlétisme déçoit, les sports de combat sauvent le Maroc |url=https://telquel.ma/2019/09/02/jeux-africains-lathletisme-decoit-les-sports-de-combat-sauvent-le-maroc_1649547?fbrefresh=6 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022, wanda ya gudana a [[Oran|Oran, Aljeriya]] tsakanin 25 ga Yuni da 5 ga Yuli, Moutaqui ya zo a matsayi na 5 a cikin rukunin nauyin tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxe amateur - Jeux Méditerranéens 2022 - Résultats Femmes |url=https://www.les-sports.info/boxe-amateur-jeux-mediterraneens-resultats-2022-femmes-epf123049.html#554011 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.les-sports.info}}</ref> A gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya ta 2023 a New Delhi, Moutaqui ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin rukunin kasa da kilo 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yasmine Mouttaki décroche la médaille de bronze aux Championnats du monde de boxe en Inde |url=https://fr.le360.ma/societe/yasmine-mouttaki-decroche-la-medaille-de-bronze-aux-championnats-du-monde-de-boxe-en-inde_KOTXJQ4QRZD6RN5I5G7UNLCHHE/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Le 360 Français |language=fr}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] n4kcx6u75gfycrl9gl9hfans5ch6cx6 884884 884883 2026-07-19T12:36:03Z Pharouqenr 25549 884884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmine Moutaqui''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Yasmine Mouttaki'''; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1997) Mai dambe ne na ƙasar [[Moroko|Maroko]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOUTTAKI Yasmine |url=https://www.cnom.org.ma/fr/athlete/mouttaki-yasmine |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.cnom.org.ma |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2017, Moutaqui ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka a [[Brazzaville|Brazzaville, Jamhuriyar Kongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATIN |first=Amine Raad, LE |title=Huit médailles au total pour le Maroc au terme de la compétition |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2017/huit-medailles-au-total-pour-le-maroc-au-terme-de-la-competition/274214.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=lematin.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a wasannin Afirka da ke Rabat, Morocco . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeux africains : l'athlétisme déçoit, les sports de combat sauvent le Maroc |url=https://telquel.ma/2019/09/02/jeux-africains-lathletisme-decoit-les-sports-de-combat-sauvent-le-maroc_1649547?fbrefresh=6 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022, wanda ya gudana a [[Oran|Oran, Aljeriya]] tsakanin 25 ga Yuni da 5 ga Yuli, Moutaqui ya zo a matsayi na 5 a cikin rukunin nauyin tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxe amateur - Jeux Méditerranéens 2022 - Résultats Femmes |url=https://www.les-sports.info/boxe-amateur-jeux-mediterraneens-resultats-2022-femmes-epf123049.html#554011 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.les-sports.info}}</ref> A gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya ta 2023 a New Delhi, Moutaqui ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin rukunin kasa da kilo 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yasmine Mouttaki décroche la médaille de bronze aux Championnats du monde de boxe en Inde |url=https://fr.le360.ma/societe/yasmine-mouttaki-decroche-la-medaille-de-bronze-aux-championnats-du-monde-de-boxe-en-inde_KOTXJQ4QRZD6RN5I5G7UNLCHHE/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Le 360 Français |language=fr}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] t93ulwi38flc3cwtnz5cjnjeopf74jv 884885 884884 2026-07-19T12:36:23Z Pharouqenr 25549 884885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmine Moutaqui''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Yasmine Mouttaki'''; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1997) Mai dambe ne na ƙasar [[Moroko|Maroko]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOUTTAKI Yasmine |url=https://www.cnom.org.ma/fr/athlete/mouttaki-yasmine |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.cnom.org.ma |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2017, Moutaqui ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka a [[Brazzaville|Brazzaville, Jamhuriyar Kongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATIN |first=Amine Raad, LE |title=Huit médailles au total pour le Maroc au terme de la compétition |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2017/huit-medailles-au-total-pour-le-maroc-au-terme-de-la-competition/274214.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=lematin.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a wasannin Afirka da ke Rabat, Morocco . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeux africains : l'athlétisme déçoit, les sports de combat sauvent le Maroc |url=https://telquel.ma/2019/09/02/jeux-africains-lathletisme-decoit-les-sports-de-combat-sauvent-le-maroc_1649547?fbrefresh=6 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022, wanda ya gudana a [[Oran|Oran, Aljeriya]] tsakanin 25 ga Yuni da 5 ga Yuli, Moutaqui ya zo a matsayi na 5 a cikin rukunin nauyin tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxe amateur - Jeux Méditerranéens 2022 - Résultats Femmes |url=https://www.les-sports.info/boxe-amateur-jeux-mediterraneens-resultats-2022-femmes-epf123049.html#554011 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.les-sports.info}}</ref> A gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya ta 2023 a New Delhi, Moutaqui ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin rukunin kasa da kilo 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yasmine Mouttaki décroche la médaille de bronze aux Championnats du monde de boxe en Inde |url=https://fr.le360.ma/societe/yasmine-mouttaki-decroche-la-medaille-de-bronze-aux-championnats-du-monde-de-boxe-en-inde_KOTXJQ4QRZD6RN5I5G7UNLCHHE/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Le 360 Français |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] ochyg5s2bf5zjtotv8m4zrmpolkxc8q 884886 884885 2026-07-19T12:37:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 884886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmine Moutaqui''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Yasmine Mouttaki'''; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1997) Mai dambe ne na ƙasar [[Moroko|Maroko]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOUTTAKI Yasmine |url=https://www.cnom.org.ma/fr/athlete/mouttaki-yasmine |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.cnom.org.ma |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2017, Moutaqui ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka a [[Brazzaville|Brazzaville, Jamhuriyar Kongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATIN |first=Amine Raad, LE |title=Huit médailles au total pour le Maroc au terme de la compétition |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2017/huit-medailles-au-total-pour-le-maroc-au-terme-de-la-competition/274214.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=lematin.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a wasannin Afirka da ke Rabat, Morocco.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeux africains : l'athlétisme déçoit, les sports de combat sauvent le Maroc |url=https://telquel.ma/2019/09/02/jeux-africains-lathletisme-decoit-les-sports-de-combat-sauvent-le-maroc_1649547?fbrefresh=6 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022, wanda ya gudana a [[Oran|Oran, Aljeriya]] tsakanin 25 ga Yuni da 5 ga Yuli, Moutaqui ya zo a matsayi na 5 a cikin rukunin nauyin tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxe amateur - Jeux Méditerranéens 2022 - Résultats Femmes |url=https://www.les-sports.info/boxe-amateur-jeux-mediterraneens-resultats-2022-femmes-epf123049.html#554011 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.les-sports.info}}</ref> A gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya ta 2023 a New Delhi, Moutaqui ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin rukunin kasa da kilo 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yasmine Mouttaki décroche la médaille de bronze aux Championnats du monde de boxe en Inde |url=https://fr.le360.ma/societe/yasmine-mouttaki-decroche-la-medaille-de-bronze-aux-championnats-du-monde-de-boxe-en-inde_KOTXJQ4QRZD6RN5I5G7UNLCHHE/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Le 360 Français |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] mobboygc6hwtwkd0sc7cwlgeja890o7 884887 884886 2026-07-19T12:37:25Z Pharouqenr 25549 884887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Yasmine Moutaqui''' (wanda aka fi sani da '''Yasmine Mouttaki'''; an haife shi a ranar 22 ga watan Yunin shekara ta 1997) Mai dambe ne na ƙasar [[Moroko|Maroko]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOUTTAKI Yasmine |url=https://www.cnom.org.ma/fr/athlete/mouttaki-yasmine |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.cnom.org.ma |language=fr}}</ref> == Ayyuka == A shekara ta 2017, Moutaqui ya lashe lambar zinare a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a Gasar Cin Kofin Kwallon Kafa ta Afirka a [[Brazzaville|Brazzaville, Jamhuriyar Kongo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=MATIN |first=Amine Raad, LE |title=Huit médailles au total pour le Maroc au terme de la compétition |url=https://lematin.ma/journal/2017/huit-medailles-au-total-pour-le-maroc-au-terme-de-la-competition/274214.html |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=lematin.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A shekarar 2019, ta lashe lambar azurfa a cikin rukuni na kasa da kilo 51 a wasannin Afirka da ke Rabat, Morocco.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jeux africains : l'athlétisme déçoit, les sports de combat sauvent le Maroc |url=https://telquel.ma/2019/09/02/jeux-africains-lathletisme-decoit-les-sports-de-combat-sauvent-le-maroc_1649547?fbrefresh=6 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Telquel.ma |language=fr}}</ref> A Wasannin Bahar Rum na 2022, wanda ya gudana a [[Oran|Oran, Aljeriya]] tsakanin 25 ga Yuni da 5 ga Yuli, Moutaqui ya zo a matsayi na 5 a cikin rukunin nauyin tashi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxe amateur - Jeux Méditerranéens 2022 - Résultats Femmes |url=https://www.les-sports.info/boxe-amateur-jeux-mediterraneens-resultats-2022-femmes-epf123049.html#554011 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=www.les-sports.info}}</ref> A gasar zakarun kwallon kafa ta mata ta duniya ta 2023 a New Delhi, Moutaqui ta lashe lambar tagulla a cikin rukunin kasa da kilo 48.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yasmine Mouttaki décroche la médaille de bronze aux Championnats du monde de boxe en Inde |url=https://fr.le360.ma/societe/yasmine-mouttaki-decroche-la-medaille-de-bronze-aux-championnats-du-monde-de-boxe-en-inde_KOTXJQ4QRZD6RN5I5G7UNLCHHE/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Le 360 Français |language=fr}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haihuwan 1997]] 5pf41l60npnshpmitdprh0octm8fh0m 3 81689 885027 871978 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sannu da zuwa}} [[User:BnHamid|BnHamid]] ([[User talk:BnHamid|talk]]) 08:47, 17 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> imknvyv87v751aaqo0rzpr2f64rdonx 3 81789 885026 871973 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885026 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Welcome}}[[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 20:42, 20 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) == Yadda ake saka databox == Assalam, Sannu da kokari, naga gyaran da kika yi a wannan shafin [[Tashar Wutar Lantarki ta Zamfara]] wajen sanya databox, amma ana sanya shi ne a can samar article. Mu huta lafiya [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 13:20, 23 ga Yuli, 2024 (UTC) :Nagode. [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 19:59, 3 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Gyara Fassara == Barka da aiki @[[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]], na bibiyi yadda kike gyara kuma na fuskanci akwai kurakurai sosai. Lallai ki inganta fassara ta yadda za ta karanta ba da matsala a sababbin Maƙaloli da za ki kirkira a nan gaba. Idan akwai wani abu da baki gane ba za kibiya tuntuba ta a shafi na na tattaunawa. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 12:43, 28 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) :Barkan mu dai. Nagode da gyera. Amma kurakuran da ka gani ta wani ban gare ne yadda zansan inda zan gyera, sannan kuma babban matsala ta a fassara ita ce sai inyi fassara inyi gyeregyere na amma yaki wallafuwa. Inada waɗan da nake kanyi sunkai ashirin amma na kasa wallafa su kuma duk wani gyera a iya Dan iya wata dq sanina nayi. Da kuma Wikiquote inason bada gudunmawata amma ban fahimce shi sosai ba. In akwai taimakon da zaka mun akan matsalolin nan nawa zanji dadi sosai. Nagode. [[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] ([[User talk:Halima Waziri|talk]]) 16:44, 28 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Goyon Baya UC4C (non-voting committee) == Assalam @[[User:Halima Waziri|Halima Waziri]] Ina neman goyon bayanka don zama mamba na kwamitin UC4C (non-voting member). Ga link [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Non-voting_members<nowiki>] ayi comment.</nowiki> Nagode [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 08:51, 20 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 0pu484puv6nn7t0246wuzut9a9jf61n 0 82748 884982 536098 2026-07-19T17:04:28Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kasar Chadi''' , a hukumance Jamhuriyar , ƙasa ce da ba ta da iyaka a [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (yanki)|Afirka ta Tsakiya]]. Tana da iyaka da [[Libya]] a arewacin, [[Sudan]] ta gabas, [[Afirka ta Tsakiya (ƙasa)|Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya]] a kudu, [[Kamaru]] da [[Najeriya]] da kudu maso yammah, da [[Nijar (ƙasa)|Nijar]] ta yamma. Saboda nisan da take da shi daga teku da kuma yanayin hamada, wasu na kiran kasar da suna "Matattu Zuciya ta Afirka".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-07-10 |title=Swarms at the Border: The Dead Heart of Africa |url=http://www.guernicamag.com/features/199/swarms_at_the_border/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720105047/http://www.guernicamag.com/features/199/swarms_at_the_border/ |archive-date=2008-07-20 |website=Guernica Magazine}}</ref> {{Stub}} ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 1l30uk7et8juatx3v9xl6ekzsmwgkve 0 84253 884970 879570 2026-07-19T16:40:40Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 884970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Marc Bernal Casas''' (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga watan Mayu, shekarar ta 2007) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Sipaniya, wanda ke taka leda a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya mai tsaron baya,]] a ƙungiyar La Liga [[FC Barcelona|ta Barcelona]] , da kuma ƙungiyar ƙasa ta Sipaniya.. == Aikin kulob == An haife shi a Berga, Barcelona, [[Katalunya|Catalonia]], Bernal ɗan shekara 19 ne daga ƙungiyar matasa ta CE Berga da Gimnàstic Manresa, kuma ya koma [[La Masia]] yana ɗan shekara 6 inda ya yi aiki tukuru a rukunin matasansu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2023 |title=Marc Bernal, la promesa de Berga que despunta al Barça |url=https://www.aquibergueda.cat/2023/08/13/marc-bernal-la-promesa-de-berga-que-despunta-al-barca/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 October 2023 |title=Marc Bernal, la perla de La Masia que ya derriba la puerta con 16 años |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20231023/1002092014/marc-bernal-perla-masia-berbecho.html |website=Mundo Deportivo}}</ref> A ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, shekarar 2023, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da Barcelona har zuwa shekarar 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=Saiba quem é a joia que está enchendo o Barcelona de esperança para o futuro |url=https://portaldostimes.com.br/saiba-quem-e-a-joia-que-esta-enchendo-o-barcelona-de-esperanca-para-o-futuro/}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Barcelona Atlètic a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Logroñés da ci 1-0 a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pérez |first=Daniel Íñiguez |date=28 August 2023 |title=Logroñés 1-0 Barça Atlètic: Gol en Las Gaunas y primeros 3 puntos |url=https://muydefutbol.com/futbol-espanol/rfef/primera-rfef/logrones-1-0-barca-atletic-gol-en-las-gaunas-y-primeros-3-puntos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103061236/https://muydefutbol.com/futbol-espanol/rfef/primera-rfef/logrones-1-0-barca-atletic-gol-en-las-gaunas-y-primeros-3-puntos/ |archive-date=3 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=Muy de Fútbol}}</ref> Ya zura kwallayensa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Barcelona Atlètic a wasan da suka doke Sestao da ci 3-1 a ranar 22 ga watan Oktoba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2023 |title=Is Marc Bernal the next La Masia player ready to break into Barça's first team? |url=https://www.sport.es/en/news/barca/is-marc-bernal-the-next-la-masia-player-ready-to-break-into-barcas-first-team-93717095 |website=sport}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta, shekarar 2024, ya fara buga [[La Liga|gasar La Liga]] da [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]], inda ya fara da nasara a kan [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] da ci 2-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2024 |title=Young player debuts |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4088072/the-three-young-players-who-made-their-debuts/amp |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, ya ji rauni a gwiwarsa ta hagu a wasan da suka doke [[Rayo Vallecano]] da ci 2-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2024 |title=Marc Bernal injury news |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4098928/marc-bernal-injury-news |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 30 ga watan Satumba, Barcelona ta sanar da gyara kwantiragin Bernal ta hanyar hada da yarjejeniyar sayen €500 miliyan, wanda hakan zai sa ya ci gaba da zama a kulob din har zuwa 30 ga watan Yuni shekara ta 2026 tare da zabin karin shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adjustment to Marc Bernal's contract |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4130963/adjustment-to-marc-bernals-contract |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Bernal ya dawo daga hutun kwanaki 383 a ranar 14 ga watan Satumba, shekara ta 2025, a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] da ci 6-0, inda ya samu taimako. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2025 |title=Marc Bernal returns with an assist after 383 days |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/first-team/news/4362711/marc-bernal-returns-with-an-assist-after-383-days |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> Daga baya a wannan watan, a ranar 29 ga watan Satumba, ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa har zuwa 2029. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2025 |title=Marc Bernal extends contract to 2029 |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4372163/marc-bernal-extends-contract-to-2029 |publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga watan Fabrairu shekarar 2026, Bernal ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Blaugranas a wasan da suka doke Mallorca da ci 3-0 a [[Camp Nou]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 February 2026 |title=FC Barcelona 3-0 Mallorca: Rock solid |url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4446234/fc-barcelona-3-0-mallorca-rock-solid |website=www.fcbarcelona.com}}</ref> Wata guda bayan haka, a ranar 18 ga watan Maris, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko [[UEFA Champions League|a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA]] a wasan da suka doke [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] da ci 7-2 a zagaye na 16 na gasar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2026 |title=Barça overpower Newcastle but leaky defense could be their undoing |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/48242823/barcelona-attack-overpowers-newcastle-united-champions-league-keep-covering-leaky-defense |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == An kira Bernal zuwa sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Spain a watan Oktoban shekarar 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OFICIAL &#124; Cambio en la lista de convocados para las jornadas de entrenamiento en la Ciudad del Fútbol &#124; www.rfef.es |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-lista-de-convocados-para-jornadas-de-entrenamiento-en-la-ciudad-del-futbol |website=Web oficial de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol.}}</ref> A watan Agustan shekarar 2023, an sanya shi a sansanin horar da 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Spain . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 August 2023 |title=OFICIAL &#124; Convocatoria sub-18 para los entrenamientos de Alfaz del Pi (Alicante) &#124; www.rfef.es |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-convocatoria-sub-18-para-los-entrenamientos-de-alfaz-del-pi-alicante |website=Web oficial de la Real Federación Española de Fútbol.}}</ref> An sanya shi cikin tawagar ƙarshe ta ' yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na Spain a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa na shekara ta 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 November 2023 |title=Mundial Sub-17 2023 &#124; Marc Bernal: el 'elegido' quiere dar el golpe en Indonesia |url=https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/barca/marc-bernal-elegido-quiere-dar-golpe-mundial-sub-17-94075881 |website=sport}}</ref> An sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasan ƙasa da ƙasa ta Spain U17 a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta UEFA ta shekarar 2024. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2024 |title=OFICIAL {{!}} La lista definitiva de la Selección sub-17 para el Europeo |url=https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-la-lista-definitiva-de-la-seleccion-sub-17-para-el-europeo |access-date= |website=RFEF.ES}}</ref> Bernal ya fara buga wasa da ƙungiyar Catalonia a wasan sada zumunci da suka doke Palestine da ci 2-1 a ranar 18 ga watan Nuwamba, shekara ta 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2025 |title=Catalonia-Palestine: Highlights, goals and result of the friendly match - Today |url=https://espanol.eurosport.com/futbol/cataluna-palestina-resumen-goles-y-resultado-del-partido-amistoso-hoy_sto23242313/story.shtml |access-date=18 November 2025 |publisher=Eurosport}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Bernal [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] ne mai ƙafa 6 da inci 4 <nowiki>, kuma</nowiki> mai iya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta hagu, wanda yawanci yana buga [[Mai buga tsakiya|ƙwallon ƙafa ta tsakiya mai tsaron baya]], amma kuma yana iya buga ƙwallon ƙafa ta hanyar kai hari idan ya zama dole. Yana da ƙarfin jiki mai ƙarfi, kuma yana da ƙwarewar wucewa mai kyau. Yana da daidaito kuma yana iya wucewa sosai a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Plaza |first=Guillermo Gutierrez |date=5 October 2023 |title=Marc Bernal, el arte de recibir perfilado |url=https://juvenildivisiondehonor.com/marc-bernal-el-arte-de-recibir-perfilado/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi kwatancen [[Sergio Busquets]] . Kocin Barcelona [[Hansi Flick]] ya nuna ƙarfin gwiwa game da yuwuwarsa, yana bayyana wa ɗan wasan cewa shi ne ɗan wasan tsakiya na biyu da aka zaɓa a matsayin mai tsaron baya, kuma yana ci gaba da nuna kwarin gwiwa game da rawar da zai taka a cikin ƙungiyar farko. == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Kulob === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Bayyanar da kwallaye a raga ta kulob, kakar wasa da kuma gasa ! rowspan="2" | Kulob ! rowspan="2" | Kakar wasa ! colspan="3" | Gasar League ! colspan="2" | Copa del Rey ! colspan="2" | [[UEFA|Turai]] ! colspan="2" | Wani ! colspan="2" | Jimilla |- ! Sashe ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallo ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallo ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallo |- | Barcelona Atlétic | 2023–24 | Primera Federation | 27 | 2 | colspan="2" | — | colspan="2" | — | 4 {{Efn|Appearances in Primera Federación play-offs}} | 0 | 31 | 2 |- | rowspan="3" | [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | 2024–25 | [[La Liga|Gasar La Liga]] | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |- | 2025–26 | Gasar La Liga | 22 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 {{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]]}} | 1 | 1 {{Efn|Appearance in [[Supercopa de España]]}} | 0 | 33 | 5 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 25 ! 2 ! 4 ! 2 ! 6 ! 1 ! 1 ! 0 ! 36 ! 5 |- ! colspan="3" | Jimillar aiki ! 52 ! 4 ! 4 ! 2 ! 6 ! 1 ! 5 ! 0 ! 67 ! 7 |} === Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Bayyanar da kwallayen da ƙungiyar ƙasa ta samu da kuma shekarar da ta gabata ! Tawagar ƙasa ! Shekara ! Manhajoji ! Ƙwallaye |- | Sipaniya | 2026 | 1 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Jimilla ! 1 ! 0 |} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ==Manazarta <references /> dhb45ldha7cl7re7frtcgdsb7ep2w7j 3 84346 885041 871990 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885041 wikitext text/x-wiki ==Jinjina== Sannu da ƙokari da fatan zaka ci gaba da aiki mai kyau [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 16:40, 21 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) :In sha Allah abokina [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 21:16, 21 Nuwamba, 2024 (UTC) == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nnamadee! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nnamadee|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:28, 8 Satumba 2024 (UTC) == Gyaran Take (Article Title) == Barka @[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] Inaso in maka gyara game da take na mukala da ka kirkira [[Mai Girma na Ossy]] wanda suna ne Ossy Prestige. Ba'a fassara suna (proper noun) ko da kuwa yana iya fassaruwa, saboda idan an fassara an canza masa ma'ana. Da fatan za'a gyara. Bissalam. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 11:48, 9 ga Yuli, 2025 (UTC) == Godiya da janyo hankali == Assalam @[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]], Jinjina da ayyukan da kuke yi [[Ferns Nipple]] da makamantansu, amma a rika lura da fassara (mai inganci). Gara a fassara kadan mai amfani a maimakon mai yawa mara amfani. [[User:Uncle Bash007|Patroller>>]] 10:42, 7 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) :In sha Allah sir, nagode sosae @[[User:Uncle Bash007|Uncle Bash007]] [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 13:14, 7 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Jinjina == Sannu da ƙoƙari @[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] haƙiƙa kana aiki ingatacce, fatan zaka cigaba da jajircewa domin cigaban Wikipedia. [[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] ([[User talk:Pharouqenr|talk]]) 20:26, 1 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :Sannu ƙoƙari babban Admin @[[User:Pharouqenr|Pharouqenr]] aikin ka yana kyau sosai. [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 18:45, 2 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Gyara == Sannu da koƙari @[[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] Na lura cewa ka sake fassara muƙalar Kofi Baako, [[https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Baako]] alhali an riga da an fassara ta da daidaitacciyar Hausa tun farkon watan Yuni. Wannan ya jawo canje-canje marasa da cewa, saboda rubutun farko ya riga ya cika ƙa’idojin Hausa Wikipedia. Don haka ina roƙonka da ka riƙa kula sosai kafin sake gyara ko fassara wani abu, musamman idan an riga an kammala shi daidai. Mun gode da ƙoƙarinka a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina fatan za mu ci gaba da aiki tare don kyautata ayyukanmu. [[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|talk]]) 08:30, 25 Satumba 2025 (UTC) :In sha Allah, ngd sosae :@[[User:Muhammad Idriss Criteria|Muhammad Idriss Criteria]] [[User:Nnamadee|Nnamadee]] ([[User talk:Nnamadee|talk]]) 09:24, 25 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> ovz49ffdfhss5aq9gzyybpox82yln82 3 86434 885029 871976 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885029 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, MOIBARDE! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/MOIBARDE|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 22 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Ankararwa == Barka da aiki @[[User:MOIBARDE|MOIBARDE]], naga gudanarwa da kake bayarwa a Wikipedia Hausa a baya bayan nan, da yawan maƙalolin da ka ƙirƙira ko ma duka zan goge su. Hakan sakamakon baka bin tsarin ƙirƙirar maƙala ne a Hausa Wikipedia. Madadin ka cigaba da ƙirƙirar sababbin makaloli ka shiga [[Wikipedia:Yadda ake rubuta muƙala|wannan shafin]] domin sanin yadda za ka yi gyara a Hausa Wikipedia. Ina kara jan hankalin ka da '''Kada ka sake kirkirar sabuwar makala''' a Hausa Wikipedia, yin hakan zai sa na kulle ka daga yin duk wani gyara a Shafin Wikipedia Hausa. Nagode [[User:Gwanki|<b style="color:#FF00FF">Gwanki</b>]][[User talk:Gwanki|<sup style="color:#800000">(Yi Min Magana)</sup>]] 16:18, 12 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) :Barka dai wanna kuskuskure nake yin saboda na sani na kuma gyara. [[User:MOIBARDE|MOIBARDE]] ([[User talk:MOIBARDE|talk]]) 06:54, 19 ga Janairu, 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> s0l6xb3z61f32vb3bdaidynrug4mpcw 0 88369 884972 705836 2026-07-19T16:41:47Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 884972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu don Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín yayi ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 2023, Martín ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Barcelona]] Atlètic ta [[Ispaniya]], inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tsaron baya".<ref>Partido especial para Gerard Martín en Palamós". mundodeportivo.com.</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2024, ya fara buga gasar [[La Liga]] tare da Barcelona, ​​inda ya maye gurbin [[Alejandro Balde]] a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF]] 2–1 a waje.<ref>"Young player debuts". FC Barcelona. 17 August 2024</ref> == Salon Wasa == Martín galibi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai tsaron gida kuma an siffanta shi da “amintaccen abin dogaro wajen yin alama da kuma wasan iska”<ref>Gerard Martín, de marcar a Dembélé a aterrizar en can Barça". sport.es.</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] iyuqxre953wv3ju3ypiko3gc3amit1k 884973 884972 2026-07-19T16:44:04Z Saudarh2 14842 /* */ 884973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gerard Martín Langreo''' (an haife shi 26 ga ga watan Fabrairu, Shekarar 2002) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai baya hagu dan kungiyar Barcelona Atlètic.<ref>"La gran motivación de Gerard Martín, el indiscutible de Rafa Márquez". msn.com.</ref> == Rayuwar Farko == An haife shi a Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, ​​​​Kataloniya, Martín yayi ƙaura tare da danginsa zuwa Sant Andreu de la Barca yana ɗan shekara biyar.<ref>"Gerard Martín, de Sant Andreu de la Barca al Barça Atlètic". radiosantandreu.com.</ref> == Sana'a == A cikin shekarar 2023, Martín ya rattaba hannu a kungiyar [[Barcelona]] Atlètic ta [[Ispaniya]], inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin "daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan tsaron baya".<ref>Partido especial para Gerard Martín en Palamós". mundodeportivo.com.</ref> A ranar 17 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2024, ya fara buga gasar [[La Liga]] tare da Barcelona, ​​inda ya maye gurbin [[Alejandro Balde]] a wasan da suka doke [[Valencia CF]] 2–1 a waje.<ref>"Young player debuts". FC Barcelona. 17 August 2024</ref> == Salon Wasa == Martín galibi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai tsaron gida kuma an siffanta shi da “amintaccen abin dogaro wajen yin alama da kuma wasan iska”<ref>Gerard Martín, de marcar a Dembélé a aterrizar en can Barça". sport.es.</ref> == Manazarta == <references /> [[Category:Haifaffun 2002]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] e8u9swlb60r8umf7n1wvbs6s31np8az 0 96782 885155 600779 2026-07-20T10:34:02Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 885155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Esther Chapa Tijerina (22 Oktoba 1904 - 14 Disamba 1970) likitar likitan likitancin Mexico ce, malami, marubuci, mai fafutukar mata, 'yar takara, ' yar kungiyar kwadago, kuma mai fafutukar kare hakkin mata da yara. A aikinta na likitanci ta kware a fannin bincike na asibiti da nazarin halittu, kuma ta koyar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a Jami'ar National Autonomous University of Mexico. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Esther Chapa a ranar 22 ga Oktoba, 1904, a Tamaulipas zuwa Virginia Tijerina da Quirino Chapa. Tana da yaya hudu. [1] == Sana'a == Chapa ya koyar da ilimin halittu a Jami'ar National Autonomous University of Mexico. <ref name="castaneda">{{Cite journal |last=López |first=Gabriela Castañeda |last2=Rodríguez de Romo |first2=Ana Cecilia |date=2010 |title=Esther Chapa Tijerina, 1904-1970 |url=https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=24265 |journal=Boletín Mexicano de Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina |language=es |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=34–35}}</ref> Ta yi aiki a matsayin shugabar makarantar koyon aikin jinya ta ƙasa kuma ta kafa ƙungiyar likitocin fiɗa da ƙungiyar ma’aikatan hidima. == Zabar mata == Chapa ya kasance memba na Single Front Pro-Women's Rights (FUPDM) tare da Dr. Matilde Rodriguez Cabo. Drs. Chapa da Cabo sun saba da juna yayin da suke makarantar likitanci kuma sun kirkiro gyare-gyare don taimakawa a gidajen yari, karuwanci, da jin dadin mata da yara. <ref name="soto" /> Cabo da Chapa tare sun kirkiro Frente Unico (Single Front a Mexico) a cikin 1935. Don bincika batutuwan da aka ambata, Chapa da wasu 'yan mata sun kirkiro "Leona Vicarío" don nazarin batutuwa na musamman na iyalan Mexico da "matsayin mace a matsayin uwa da mata". <ref name="soto" /> A taron da aka yi a watan Yunin 1934, masu adawa da Markisanci, irin su Chapa, sun yi iƙirarin cewa talauci shi ne babban dalilin yawaitar karuwanci a yankin. A lokacin an kayyade karuwanci kuma ya zama babban adadin albashin jami’in gwamnati. <ref name="macias" /> Chapa ya tura juyin juya halin Markisanci don dakatar da ka'idojin karuwanci da amfani da kudaden gwamnati don ilimi da gyare-gyaren zamantakewa maimakon. <ref name="macias" /> Ta kuma kasance mai fafutuka a madadin 'yancin zubar da ciki, daidaito, da 'yancin yin zabe da kuma zama 'yar siyasa a cikin al'umma. Ta yi imanin cewa mata sun fi maza kai tsaye kuma suna iya kawo sabbin ra'ayoyi a fagen. Ra'ayinta bai wuce sauran matan kungiyar ba. Kasashe da dama sun riga sun baiwa al'ummarsu hakkin mata. Duk da haka, Chapa ya dage kan bin hanyar Tarayyar Soviet: mata su ji daɗin daidaito da maza maimakon maza su ba da daidaito ta hanyar doka. <ref name="olcott" /> Littafin Chapa na 1936 ''El derecho al voto para la mujer'' ya kwatanta mata da fursunoni da marasa lafiya da ke cikin mahaukatan mafaka, domin su ma ba a ba su damar kada kuri’a ba, kuma an takaita su a ayyukan da za su iya yi. == Sauran ayyukan == Chapa ya yi aiki don ƙirƙirar kurkukun mata ta hanyar Rigakafin Jama'a a cikin gidan yarin tarayya. Har ila yau, ta kasance darektan Kwamitin Taimako na Yara na Mutanen Espanya (ga 'yan gudun hijirar yakin basasa na Spain). Bayan da Frente Unico suka sami nasarar ba wa mata yancin kai a 1958, Chapa ya zama mai ba da shawara na kasa da kasa kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye akai-akai zuwa kasar Sin don bunkasa dangantaka tsakanin kasashen Sin da Mexico. Chapa ya mutu da ciwon daji a cikin Disamba 1970. == Ayyukan da aka zaɓa == *   * ''Las mujeres mexicanas'' (with Miguel Alemán) (1945) * ''La mujer en la política en el próximo sexenio'' (1946) * ''El problema de la penitenciaría del Distrito Federal'' (1947) * ''Apuntes de prácticas de microbiología'' (with Pedro Pérez Grovas) (1941) == Manazarta == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1970]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1904]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] k9vsfit01x4sxxwso7q06qjo7lqwfco 0 99320 885182 874199 2026-07-20T11:02:56Z Maiakwai4u 37986 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347888634|BB Sasore]]" 885182 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}'''Bodunrin Sasore''', wanda aka fi sani da '''BB Sasore''', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ekugo |first=Ngozi |date=2024-05-19 |title=Quality talent will drive new capital into Nigeria's movie industry- BB Sasore |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/05/19/quality-talent-will-drive-new-capital-into-nigerias-movie-industry-bb-sasore/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegbola |first=Matilda |last2=Okechukwu |first2=Daniel |date=31 Dec 2023 |title=In Conversation With BB Sasore: "I'm Not a Religious Person Per se. |url=https://www.innollywood.com/p/conversation-with-bb-sasore-breath-of-life |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=In Nollywood}}</ref> marubucin fim ne a na Najeriya, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]], kuma wanda ya kafa [[Nemsia Studios]]. An fi saninsa da marubuci da darektan ''[[God Calling|Allah Kira]]'', da ''[[Before 30|Kafin 30]]''. <ref name="Dosunmu 2022">{{Cite web |last=Dosunmu |first=Damilare |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Inside Amazon Prime Video's first Nollywood film production deal |url=https://techcabal.com/2022/06/21/amazon-prime-video-commissions-nollywoods-nemsia-films-for-3-films/ |access-date=July 20, 2022 |website=TechCabal}}</ref> == Ilimi == Sasore da digiri tare da manyan a cikin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Rutgers . <ref name="ShockNG 2021">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2021 |title=EXCLUSIVE: The Confidential Interview With Bodurin Sasore |url=https://shockng.com/exclusive-the-confidential-interview-with-bodurin-sasore/ |access-date=July 20, 2022 |website=ShockNG}}</ref> == Ayyuka == In 2013, Sasore co-founded [[Nemsia Studios]] with [[Derin Adeyokunnu]], establishing a studio dedicated to producing high-quality, story-driven films. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Ƙaunar Mai Laushi'' (2024) * ''[[Breath of Life (fim na 2023)|Rashin Rayuwa]]'' (2023) * ''[[God Calling|Allah Kira]]'' (2018) * ''[[Banana Island Ghost|Gidan Gidan Gida na Banana]]'' (2017) * ''[[Before 30|Kafin 30]]'' (2015) * ''[[Gidi Up]]'' (2013) * ''[[Journey of an African Colony|Tafiyar Ƙasar Afirka]]'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] rztt2rt189ycpwqok0ov1qpp4hjetfk 885186 885182 2026-07-20T11:04:40Z Maiakwai4u 37986 885186 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  {{Reflist}}'''Bodunrin Sasore''', wanda aka fi sani da '''BB Sasore''', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ekugo |first=Ngozi |date=2024-05-19 |title=Quality talent will drive new capital into Nigeria's movie industry- BB Sasore |url=https://nairametrics.com/2024/05/19/quality-talent-will-drive-new-capital-into-nigerias-movie-industry-bb-sasore/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adegbola |first=Matilda |last2=Okechukwu |first2=Daniel |date=31 Dec 2023 |title=In Conversation With BB Sasore: "I'm Not a Religious Person Per se. |url=https://www.innollywood.com/p/conversation-with-bb-sasore-breath-of-life |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=In Nollywood}}</ref> marubucin fim ne a na Najeriya, [[Darakta|Daraktan fim]], kuma wanda ya kafa [[Nemsia Studios]]. An fi saninsa da marubuci da darektan ''[[God Calling|Allah Kira]]'', da ''[[Before 30|Kafin 30]]''. <ref name="Dosunmu 2022">{{Cite web |last=Dosunmu |first=Damilare |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Inside Amazon Prime Video's first Nollywood film production deal |url=https://techcabal.com/2022/06/21/amazon-prime-video-commissions-nollywoods-nemsia-films-for-3-films/ |access-date=July 20, 2022 |website=TechCabal}}</ref> == Ilimi == Sasore da digiri tare da manyan a cikin kwayoyin halitta da ilmin sunadarai daga Jami'ar Rutgers . <ref name="ShockNG 2021">{{Cite web |date=April 8, 2021 |title=EXCLUSIVE: The Confidential Interview With Bodurin Sasore |url=https://shockng.com/exclusive-the-confidential-interview-with-bodurin-sasore/ |access-date=July 20, 2022 |website=ShockNG}}</ref> == Ayyuka == In 2013, Sasore co-founded [[Nemsia Studios]] with [[Derin Adeyokunnu]], establishing a studio dedicated to producing high-quality, story-driven films. == Hotunan fina-finai == * ''Ƙaunar Mai Laushi'' (2024) * ''[[Breath of Life (fim na 2023)|Rashin Rayuwa]]'' (2023) * ''[[God Calling|Allah Kira]]'' (2018) * ''[[Banana Island Ghost|Gidan Gidan Gida na Banana]]'' (2017) * ''[[Before 30|Kafin 30]]'' (2015) * ''[[Gidi Up]]'' (2013) * ''[[Journey of an African Colony|Tafiyar Ƙasar Afirka]]'' == Dubi kuma == * [[Jerin daraktocin fina-finai na Najeriya]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 31ef11avoim7k76nehamf16yqwtp32s 0 100524 884993 671643 2026-07-19T17:49:53Z Fatima9212 47117 Karamin gyara 884993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kennedy Odede''' ɗan kasuwa ne kuma marubuci ɗan ƙasar Kenya.<ref>Education Books - Best Sellers - November 15, 2015 - The New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-02-24.</ref> Odede shi ne wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO), wata kungiya ce da ke Nairobi, [[Kenya]], da New York, Amurka. An ba Odede lambar yabo ta shekarar 2010 Echoing Green Fellowship kuma an ba shi suna a Forbes a ƙarƙashin jerin 30 na manyan 'yan kasuwa na zamantakewa a 2014. Shi ma memba ne na Clinton Global Initiative. Shugaba Bill Clinton, Madonna, Beyonce, <ref>Ombogo, Mona. "How I got Beyoncé to fund my war on poverty- Shofco founder Kennedy Odede". Standard Digital News. Retrieved 2020-01-21</ref> ] da Nicholas Kristof sun gabatar da aikinsa a cikin The New York Times da littafinsa A Path Appears. Rubutun Odede ya bayyana a cikin The New York Times, Odede, Kennedy (2018-11-15). "Opinion | What a Kenyan Slum Can Teach America About Politics". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-01-21.</ref>, Project Syndicate <ref>Odede, Kennedy (2013-08-01). "Africa's Urban Challenge | by Kennedy Odede". Project Syndicate. Retrieved 2020-01-21.</ref> da The Gardian.<ref>Odede, Kennedy (2019-08-07). I spent 21 years of my life angry before I realised we in the slums must lead change | Kennedy Odede". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-01-21.</ref> ==Rayuwar farko== An haifi Odede mafi girma a cikin ’ya’ya takwas a wani karamin kauye a kasar Kenya, inda ya zauna har kauyen ya yi fama da yunwa yana dan shekara biyu. Mahaifiyarsa ta ƙaura da dangin zuwa babban birnin ƙasar, Nairobi, don neman ingantacciyar yanayin rayuwa. Ya zama ɗan titi yana ɗan shekara goma. Suna fuskantar rashin aikin yi da gidaje a Nairobi, sun ƙare a Kibera. Odede ya rayu a Kibera tsawon shekaru 23. A cikin 2004, ya yi aiki a masana'anta akan $ 0.10 a sa'a, isasshen kuɗi don fara ƙungiyar Shining Hope for Communities (SHOFCO). SHOFCO ta zama kungiya mafi girma a yankin Kibera. Ba tare da wani ilimi na yau da kullun ba, Odede ya sami cikakken malanta zuwa Jami'ar Wesleyan a Amurka. Odede ya kammala karatunsa a shekara ta 2012 a matsayin Kakakin Farko tare da girmamawa a ilimin zamantakewa kafin ya dawo cikakken lokaci zuwa<ref>the original</ref> <ref>"Jessica Posner andthe original Kennedy Odede Transform Africa's Largest Urban Slum The Women's Eye"</ref> ==Sana'a== A cikin 2010, Odede ya sami kyautar Echoing Green Fellowship.<ref>"Kennedy Odede". Echoing Green. Retrieved 2020-01-21.</ref> An ba shi suna ga Forbes "30 ƙarƙashin jerin 30" don manyan 'yan kasuwa na zamantakewa <ref>Carlyle, Erin. "Kennedy Odede, 29 - pg.22". Forbes. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved 2018-02-24.</ref> kuma memba ne na Clinton Global Initiative. Shugaba Bill Clinton da Nicholas Kristof ne suka gabatar da aikinsa a cikin The New York Times. Odede ya yi aiki a Hukumar Kula da Samar da Samar da damar Ilimi ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da kuma Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Jami'ar Wesleyan. Shi babban ɗan'uwa ne tare da Humanity a Action da Cibiyar Aspen New Voices Fellow. An nada shi Schwab Foundation Social Entrepreneur of the Year a cikin 2022. Shi ne Jagoran Matasa na Duniya (YGL) na Ƙungiyar Tattalin Arziki ta Duniya. A cikin 2022, shugabar Samantha Power ta nada shi a kwamitin ba da shawara na USAID<ref>Jessica Posner Odede on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-10-22</ref> <ref>Jessica Posner Odede on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-10-22.</ref> <ref>"Jessica Posner and Kennedy Odede Transform Africa's Largest Urban Slum | The Women's Eye"</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Haifaffun 1984]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] 16768wb7n0rf2fm02tfpfjxcy6q547h 0 104208 885100 653259 2026-07-20T09:10:51Z BnHamid 12586 885100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Harin bam na Dellys na shekara ta 2007''' ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 2007, inda a kalla mutane 30 suka mutu, 47 suka jikkata, a wani harin kunar bakin wake da aka kai da mota a barikin sojojin ruwan Aljeriya a garin Dellys, mai tazarar kilomita 100 (62 mi) gabas da Algiers. Wasu maharan biyu ne suka kashe kansu a harin. Kungiyar Al Qaeda reshen arewacin Afirka (Al-Qaeda a Magrib) ta ce ita ce ta kai harin kunar bakin wake.<ref>Al-Qaeda claims Algerian bombings retrieved September 10, 2007</ref> == Duba kuma == Tashin bama-bamai a Aljeriya == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Harin bam]] js2proktl2saakhv4xh4hc4evafrhi6 0 108570 885107 677569 2026-07-20T09:18:52Z BnHamid 12586 885107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Köppen_Climate_Types_New_York.png|thumb|330x330px|Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen na New York, ta amfani da yanayin yanayi na 1991-2020 da kuma amfani da -3 ° C (27 ° F) isotherm don rarrabe yankunan yanayi na D.]] [[Fayil:Snowband_anim.gif|right|thumb|250x250px|Sakamakon ruwan sama na ruwan sama a kan Upstate New YorkYankin New York]] Yanayin yanayi na New York (jiha) gabaɗaya yana da zafi sosai, yana canzawa zuwa yankin zafi mai zafi a yankin kudu maso gabas jihar. Yanayin zafi na hunturu yana ƙasa da daskarewa a lokacin Janairu da Fabrairu a yawancin jihar New York, amma digiri da yawa sama da daskwatar tare da bakin tekun Atlantika, gami da Birnin New York da Long Island. Lokaci-lokaci, yanayi-kamar lokacin rani yana mamaye daga Mayu zuwa farkon Satumba a duk faɗin jihar, yayin da yankuna a kudancin New York da New York suna da yanayin bazara daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa farkon tsakiyar Oktoba.  Saboda yawan guguwar yanayi da hazo Tafkin Tafkin, yankin New York kusa da Manyan Tafkuna ya fi gizagizai fiye da kudancin New York da Long Island.  Yanayi-kamar lokacin sanyi suna mamaye daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu a arewacin New York, kuma daga Disamba zuwa Maris a kudancin New York.  Fitar da iskar gas ba ta da yawa akan kowane mutum idan aka kwatanta da yawancin sauran jihohi saboda yawan amfani da zirga-zirgar jama'a, musamman a cikin birnin New York.  Babban birni a cikin birnin New York ya haifar da tsibirin zafi na birane, wanda ke sa yanayin zafi ya yi zafi a cikin dare a kowane yanayi.. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana da kyau har ma a duk shekara a fadin jihar New York. Yankin Great Lakes na New York yana ganin ruwan sama mafi girma na shekara-shekara da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin jihar New York, kuma dusar ƙara mai tasiri a yamma da tsakiyar New York a cikin hunturu. A cikin watanni masu zafi, manyan, masu tsawo na tsawa na tsawa zasu iya mamaye jihar daga maki zuwa yamma, yayin da [[guguwa]] ta wurare masu zafi zasu iya kawo ruwan sama da iskõki daga kudu a lokacin rani da faduwa. Tasirin guguwa a jihar yana faruwa sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 15, tare da manyan tasirin guguwa kowane shekaru 35. Matsakaicin guguwa goma ya sauka a New York a kowace shekara. Tsibirin Gwamnoni, Manhattan, a New York Harbor, an shirya don karbar bakuncin cibiyar bincike da ilimi ta dala biliyan 1 da ke shirye don sanya Birnin New York jagora a duniya wajen magance matsalar yanayi.<ref name="NYCGlobalClimateLeader">{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2022 |title=Mayor Adams, Trust For Governors Island Unveil Finalist Proposals For Climate Solutions Center |url=https://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/781-22/mayor-adams-trust-governors-island-finalist-proposals-climate-solutions-center#/0 |access-date=October 29, 2022 |publisher=City of New York}}</ref> == Yanayin zafi == [[Fayil:ColdAirDamming.png|right|thumb|Tsarin matsin lamba a Kanada yana ɗaga iska zuwa kudu a cikin tsarin guguwa mai zuwa, yana haifar da yiwuwar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi a duk inda iska mai sanyi da mai laushi suka haɗu, lokacin da ya isa ya yi sanyi.]] Matsakaicin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara a fadin jihar ya kasance daga kusan {{Convert|39|F|C}} ° F (4 ° C) a kan Dutsen Adirondack zuwa kusa da {{Convert|53|F|C}} ° F (12 ° C) fadin kwarin Hudson da Long Island, zuwa kusan {{Convert|56|F|C}} ° F (13 ° C) cikin Birnin New York.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Northeast Regional Climate Center |year=2012 |title=Normal Average Temperatures (Deg F): Annual (1971-2000) |url=http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/normals/ntAnn.png |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102193513/http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/normals/ntAnn.png |archive-date=2013-11-02 |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref> Yanayi a New York yana da tasiri sosai daga iska guda biyu: mai dumi, mai laushi daga kudu maso yamma da sanyi, mai bushe daga arewa maso yamma.<ref name="NYClimate">{{Cite web |title=Climate of New York |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |publisher=New York State Climate Office - Cornell University}}</ref> Rashin sanyi, mai laushi na arewa maso gabas daga Arewacin Atlantic ba shi da yawa, kuma yana haifar da girgije mai ɗorewa tare da hazo mai alaƙa wanda ke ci gaba a fadin yankin na dogon lokaci. Bambance-bambance na zafin jiki tsakanin bakin tekun da ke da zafi da sassan arewacin arewa na iya wucewa digiri 36 Fahrenheit (20 digiri Celsius), tare da [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] kusa da bakin tekun kuma ruwan sama mai daskarewa, kamar dusar ƙanƙara da ruwan sama mai sanyi, faɗuwa cikin ƙasa. Kashi biyu bisa uku na irin waɗannan abubuwan suna faruwa tsakanin Nuwamba da Afrilu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerald D. Bell |last2=Lance F. Bosart |date=January 1988 |title=Appalachian Cold Air Damming |journal=Monthly Weather Review |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |volume=116 |issue=1 |page=137 |bibcode=1988MWRv..116..137B |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0137:ACAD>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> wanda ke motsawa daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ba kamar yawancin jihar ba, Birnin New York yana da [[Yanayin zafi mai zafi]] (Koppen ''Cfa''). Birnin New York tsibiri ne mai zafi na birni, tare da yanayin zafi 5-7 digiri Fahrenheit (3-4 digiri Celsius) mai zafi da dare fiye da yankunan da ke kewaye. A kokarin yaki da wannan dumama, ana fentin rufin gine-gine da fari a fadin birni a kokarin kara yawan hasken rana, ko albedo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |author-link=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |date=2012-03-07 |title=Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect: Bright Is the New Black as New York Roofs Go Cool |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120307185111.htm |access-date=2012-03-14 |website=ScienceDaily}}</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp; === Lokacin bazara === Lokacin bazara a Jihar New York ya bambanta sosai da yanki.  Yanayin bazara ya fi sanyi a Adirondacks saboda tsayin daka.  Adirondacks yawanci suna fuskantar bushewar yanayi a lokacin rani, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun a cikin kewayon 66–73 °F (19–23 °C).  Maraice a Adirondacks suna da sanyi, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun tsakanin 45-54 °F (7-12 °C).  Yawancin Yammacin New York, Tsakiyar New York, tsakiyar Hudson Valley da Catskills suna da matsakaicin zafi amma yawanci suna da ɗanshi, tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki na 80-85 °F (27-29 °C). <ref name="NYClimate">{{Cite web |title=Climate of New York |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |publisher=New York State Climate Office - Cornell University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html "Climate of New York"]. New York State Climate Office - Cornell University. Archived from [http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html the original] on April 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Dare a tsakiyar jihar New York sau da yawa suna da mugunta, matsakaicin matsakaici tsakanin 61-67 ° F (16-19 ° C). Yankin Birnin New York da Lower Hudson Valley sun bambanta da karin lokacin zafi da na wurare masu zafi tare da sau da yawa kuma sau da yawa na dogon lokaci na yanayin zafi da wuraren raɓa. Matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin zafi a wannan yanki yawanci tsakanin 86-90 ° F (30-32 ° C) amma dan kadan ya fi sanyi ta teku da gefen kudu na Long Island matsakaicin kusa da {{Convert|84|°F|°C}} ° F (29 ° C). Dare suna da dumi kuma suna da muggy, suna sauka zuwa matsakaicin tsakanin 68-75 ° F (20-24 ° C). Babban rikodin jihar New York shine {{Convert|108|F|C}} ° F (42 ° C), wanda aka kafa a Troy a ranar 22 ga Yuli, 1926. <ref name="NYClimate">{{Cite web |title=Climate of New York |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |publisher=New York State Climate Office - Cornell University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html "Climate of New York"]. New York State Climate Office - Cornell University. Archived from [http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html the original] on April 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> ==== Ruwa mai zafi ==== Ruwa na zafi ya zama ruwan dare a Jihar New York wanda ke kawo zafi da zafi mai yawa. Ruwa mai zafi yana faruwa aƙalla sau biyu a kowane bazara kuma yana da matsakaicin kwanaki 3-5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-19 |title=Heat stroke tops list of weather-related deaths |url=https://www.pennlive.com/news/2019/07/heat-stroke-tops-list-of-weather-related-deaths.html |access-date=2019-12-17 |website=pennlive |language=en}}</ref> Adirondacks ne kawai ba sa ganin yanayin zafi a lokacin mafi yawan raƙuman zafi a Jihar New York. Adirondacks suna da zafi zuwa yanayin zafi tare da wasu danshi a lokacin guguwar zafi, amma ba har zuwa wasu wurare a cikin jihar ba. Snowfall a Jihar New York kuma ya bambanta sosai ta yankin. Sakamakon dusar ƙanƙara yana faruwa a Yammacin New York da Adirondacks tare da Tafkin Ontario da Tafkin Erie . Sakamakon dusar ƙanƙara na tafkin yana da yawa kuma yankuna na iya ganin ƙafafun dusar ƙara yayin da wasu ke ganin inci ɗaya kawai ko babu ko ɗaya. Adirondacks suna ganin mafi yawan dusar ƙanƙara saboda tasirin tafkin dusar ƙara da tsaunuka mafi girma waɗanda ke ganin tsakanin inci 100 zuwa 200 a kowace shekara kuma wasu na iya ganin fiye da inci 200 a kowace ƙasa, musamman sassan yammacin Adirondack. Yammaci da Tsakiyar New York suna ganin tsakanin inci 75 zuwa 150 a kowace shekara dangane da wurin da kuke da inda makada suka buga.  Catskills suna ganin matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara, tsakanin inci 25 zuwa 50 kuma mafi yawansa daga ba-easters ne waɗanda kusan koyaushe dusar ƙanƙara ce.  Birnin New York, Long Island, da Hudson Valley suna ganin mafi ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara saboda suna ganin yanayin zafi mai zafi daga yanayin zafi mai zafi da kuma mutanen da ba na gabas ba suna gauraye da ruwan sama, tsakanin 10 zuwa 25 inci. === Yanayin hunturu === [[Fayil:Mid_May_snowfall_in_Rochester_MSA.jpg|right|thumb|Wani dusar ƙanƙara mai ban sha'awa a ƙarshen Mayu 9, 2010, a cikin Ontario County, Rochester NY MSA]] [[Fayil:May_9th_2020_Western_New_York_snowfall.jpg|right|thumb|Snow a wannan wuri shekaru 10 bayan haka a ranar 9 ga Mayu, 2020]] Birnin New York, Kwarin Hudson, da Long Island sune mafi zafi a Jihar New York saboda yanayin zafi na teku wanda ke kiyaye wannan yanki tsakanin 37-42 ° F (3-6 °C), zafi fiye da wurare na sama.  Daren ƙasa yawanci yana tsakanin 27 zuwa 31 °F.  Mafi ƙarancin rikodin ga jihar New York shine -52 °F (-47 °C), saita a Tafkin Ruwa a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1934, da kuma a Old Forge ranar 18 ga Fabrairu, 1979.  A cikin Fabrairun 2015, Rochester ya ɗan ɗanɗana watanni mafi sanyi har abada, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 12.2 °F (-11 °C).  Daga baya, 2015 yana da rikodin dumin watan Nuwamba da rikodin rikodin Disamba.  Disamba 2015 ya kasance kusan digiri 12 na F fiye da matsakaici, kuma digiri da yawa akan rikodin baya<ref name="NYClimate">{{Cite web |title=Climate of New York |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |publisher=New York State Climate Office - Cornell University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html "Climate of New York"]. New York State Climate Office - Cornell University. Archived from [http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html the original] on April 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> Birnin New York, Hudson Valley, da Long Island sune mafi dumi a Jihar New York saboda yanayin zafi na teku wanda ke kiyaye waɗannan yankuna tsakanin 37-42 ° F (3-6 ° C), mafi dumi fiye da wuraren da ke arewacin jihar. Dare na Downstate yawanci suna tsakanin 27 da 31 ° F. Rubuce-rubucen rikodin jihar New York shine -52 ° F (-47 ° C), wanda aka saita a tafkin Stillwater a ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 1934, kuma a Old Forge a ranar 18 ga Fabrairun, 1979. <ref name="NYClimate">{{Cite web |title=Climate of New York |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |publisher=New York State Climate Office - Cornell University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html "Climate of New York"]. New York State Climate Office - Cornell University. Archived from [http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html the original] on April 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> A watan Fabrairun 2015, Rochester ta sami watan da ya fi sanyi, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na {{Convert|12.2|F|C|0}} ° F (-11 ° C). Daga baya, 2015 yana da kusan rikodin rikodin Nuwamba da kuma rikodin Disamba. Disamba 2015 ya kasance game da digiri 12 F mai dumi fiye da matsakaici, kuma digiri da yawa akan rikodin da ya gabata.&nbsp; {| class="wikitable" ! width="180" |Abin da ya faru ! width="150" |Aunawa ! width="125" |Ranar ! width="100" |Wurin da yake ! width="100" |Gundumar |- |Mafi girman zafin jiki <ref name="scec">{{Cite web |title=State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC) |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records |access-date=7 January 2018 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref> |{{Convert|108|°F|°C|1}} |22 ga Yuli, 1926 |Troy |Rensselaer |- |Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki <ref name="scec" /> |{{Convert|-52|°F|°C|1}} |Fabrairu 18, 1979 |Tsohon Forge |Herkimer |- |Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki <ref name="NYClimate">{{Cite web |title=Climate of New York |url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html |archive-date=April 12, 2008 |access-date=April 10, 2008 |publisher=New York State Climate Office - Cornell University}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html "Climate of New York"]. New York State Climate Office - Cornell University. Archived from [http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html the original] on April 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></ref> |{{Convert|-52|°F|°C|1}} |Fabrairu 9, 1934 |Rashin ruwa |Herkimer |} == Yankunan tsananin tsire-tsire == Yanayin girma na Jihar New York yana da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci dangane da yankin.  Adirondacks, wanda ya ƙunshi yankuna 3 zuwa 4, suna da mafi ƙarancin lokacin girma.  Tsakiyar New York, Yammacin New York, Catskills, da Mid-Hudson Valley sun ƙunshi yankuna masu girma 5 zuwa 6 kuma suna da lokutan girma da yawa don haka ƙarin noma.  Lower Hudson Valley, New York City, da Long Island, a cikin yankuna masu girma na 6 zuwa 7, suna da lokacin girma mafi tsawo a cikin jihar, da kuma wasu yankunan birnin New York, sun haɗa da girma yankin 8, tare da kasancewa saboda tasirin Atlantic da tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane. == Rashin hazo == Yankunan kudu maso gabashin jihar kusa da Birnin New York suna da matsakaicin girgije na shekara-shekara na 59-62%, yayin da yankunan yammacin New York a kusa da Buffalo matsakaicin 71-75% girgije a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=National Climatic Data Center |author-link=National Climatic Data Center |date=2005-06-24 |title=Mean Sky Cover (Percent) |url=http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/climaps/skyc5013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217142653/http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/climaps/skyc5013.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-17 |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Ruwan sama == [[Fayil:NYrainfall.png|thumb|Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na jihar New York]] Matsakaicin ruwan sama a duk fadin yankin yana nuna mafi girma a cikin tsaunuka na Appalachians. Tsakanin inci 28 da 62 (710 da 1,570 na hazo yana faɗuwa a kowace shekara a fadin Arewa maso gabashin Amurka, kuma matsakaicin New York yana da kama da haka, tare da matsakaicin inci sama da 60 (1,500 yana faɗuwar kudu maso yammacin Lewis County, arewacin Oneida County, tsakiya da kudancin Hamilton County, da kuma arewa maso yammacin Ulster County. Mafi ƙarancin adadin yana faruwa a kusa da iyakokin arewa tare da [[Vermont]] da Ontario, da kuma yawancin sassan kudu maso yammacin jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Christopher Daily |last2=Jenny Weisburg |date=2008-12-19 |title=Annual Average Precipitation: New York |url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/pcpn/ny.gif |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=Western Region Climate Center}}</ref> A ɗan lokaci, ana ganin matsakaicin hazo a kusa da lokutan uku: 3 na safe, 10 na safe, da 6 na yamma A lokacin rani, mafi girman 6 na yamma shine mafi mahimmanci.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Michael G. Landin |last2=Lance F. Bosart |date=June 1985 |title=Diurnal Variability of Precipitation in the Northeastern United States |journal=Monthly Weather Review |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |volume=113 |pages=989–1014 |bibcode=1985MWRv..113..989L |doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1985)113<0989:DVOPIT>2.0.CO;2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Fayil:Snowfall_Climatology_Upstate_New_York.png|thumb|300x300px|Matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara (a cikin inci) don Upstate New York, ta amfani da yanayin yanayi na 1991-2020. Snowfall yana da yawa musamman a cikin tasirin dusar ƙanƙara na yamma da arewacin tsakiyar New York.]] Guguwa ta bakin teku, da aka sani da nor'easters, suna kawo yawancin ruwan sama zuwa yankin a lokacin sanyi yayin da suke biye da layi daya zuwa bakin teku, suna samuwa tare da yanayin zafin jiki na Gulf Stream kafin su motsa zuwa bakin teku.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=George J. Maglaras |last2=Jeff S. Waldstreicher |last3=Paul J. Kocin |last4=Anthony F. Gigi |last5=Robert A. Marine |date=March 1995 |title=Winter Weather Forecasting throughout the Eastern United States. Part 1: An Overview |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234627 |journal=Weather and Forecasting |publisher=[[American Meteorological Society]] |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=6 |bibcode=1995WtFor..10....5M |doi=10.1175/1520-0434(1995)010<0005:wwftte>2.0.co;2 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Duwatsun Appalachia galibi suna kare [[New York (jiha)|Birnin New York]] daga karɓar duk wani dusar ƙanƙara mai tasiri, wanda ke tasowa a cikin yanayin guguwa na extratropical da ke fuskantar iska na Great Lakes. Finger Lakes na New York sun isa ga ruwan sama na tafkin. Sakamakon dusar ƙanƙara daga Finger Lakes (kamar sauran wurare) yana faruwa a arewacin New York har sai waɗancan tabkuna sun daskare. Matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara ya wuce 150 inci (380 a cikin iska na Tafkin Erie da 200 inci (510 a ƙarƙashin iska na Tafkunan Ontario . <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Weather Service Forecast Office, Buffalo, New York |date=2003-09-23 |title=Average Seasonal Snowfall Over the Eastern Great Lakes Region |url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/buf/lakeffect/snowseason.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131210074031/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/buf/lakeffect/snowseason.html |archive-date=2013-12-10 |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=National Weather Service Eastern Region Headquarters}}</ref> A lokacin rani da farkon fall, tsarin mesoscale convective na iya shiga cikin yankin daga Kanada da Great Lakes. Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi da ragowarsu lokaci-lokaci suna shiga yankin daga kudu da kudu maso yamma. Yankin ya sami wasu abubuwan da suka faru na ruwan sama mai yawa wanda ya wuce lokacin dawowar shekaru 50, a cikin Oktoba 1996 da Oktoba 1998, wanda ke nuna karuwar ruwan sama mai tsanani a bakin tekun. === Rubuce-rubuce === {| class="wikitable" ! width="180" |Abin da ya faru ! width="150" |Aunawa ! width="150" |Ranar ! width="100" |Wurin da yake ! width="100" |Gundumar |- |Mafi girman ruwan sama na sa'o'i 24 <ref name="scec">{{Cite web |title=State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC) |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records |access-date=7 January 2018 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/records "State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC)"]. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> |{{Convert|13.57|in|mm}} |Agusta 12-13, 2014 |Islip |Suffolk |- |Mafi girma 24 hours dusar ƙanƙara{{Efn|An unofficial, but widely accepted record 24-hr snowfall of 54 inches was observed at [[Tug Hill Plateau]] in January 1976.<ref name= scec />}} <ref name="NOAA">{{Cite web |title=Snowfall Extremes &#124; Snow and Ice &#124; National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/snow-and-ice/snowfall-extremes/NY/1}}</ref> |{{Convert|50|in|cm}} |Janairu 31, 1966 |Kamfen |Oneida |- |Mafi zurfin dusar ƙanƙara <ref name="scec" /> |{{Convert|119|in|cm}} |Afrilu 20, 1943 |Dutsen Whiteface |Gundumar Essex |} == Rashin gurɓata iska == Dangane da hayaki, New York ta kasance ta 46 a cikin jihohi 50 a cikin adadin iskar gas da aka samar ga kowane mutum. Wannan ingancin ya faru ne da farko saboda yawan amfani da zirga-zirgar jama'a a ciki da kewayen Birnin New York. Koyaya, Birnin New York (musamman Manhattan) yana da ƙimar gurɓataccen iska, tare da ƙarancin gurɓatawar ƙwayoyin cuta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.lungusa2.org/sota/2009/SOTA-2009-Full-Print.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524034004/http://www.lungusa2.org/sota/2009/SOTA-2009-Full-Print.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-24 |access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> da ƙaranci yawan ciwon daji, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2002 Assessment Results &#124; 2002 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment &#124; Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web site &#124; US EPA |url=http://www.epa.gov/nata2002/tables.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111112012/http://www.epa.gov/nata2002/tables.html |archive-date=2012-01-11 |access-date=2011-08-27}}</ref> wanda za'a iya bayyana shi ta hanyar yawan jama'a, duk da ƙaranciyar hayaki. == Yanayi mai tsanani == New York tana fuskantar matsakaicin [[guguwa]] goma a kowace shekara, <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Climatic Data Center |author-link=National Climatic Data Center |date=2012-03-07 |title=U.S. Tornado Climatology |url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> tare da guguwa daya a kowace shekara biyar da ake la'akari da karfi ko tashin hankali (EF2-EF5). <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Climatic Data Center |author-link=National Climatic Data Center |date=2012-03-07 |title=Average Annual Number of EF3-EF5 Tornadoes |url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/images/tornado/clim/totavg-ef3-ef5-torn1991-2010.gif |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> Lokacin dawowa don tasirin guguwa a jihar shine shekaru 18-19, tare da manyan lokutan dawowar guguwa tsakanin shekaru 70 zuwa 74. <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Hurricane Center |author-link=National Hurricane Center |date=2012-03-01 |title=Return Period (Years) Hurricane |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/images/return_hurr.jpg |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=National Hurricane Center |author-link=National Hurricane Center |date=2012-03-01 |title=Return Period (Years) Major Hurricane |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/climo/images/return_mjrhurr.jpg |access-date=2012-03-14 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A cikin 2016, yawancin New York sun fuskanci fari mai tsanani, gami da yankin Finger Lakes, inda fari ya riga ya wuce ta hanyar hunturu mai sauƙi tare da ƙananan dusar ƙanƙara. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] noiww7thizr59fg1e2ksecl1ymkrp8f 885108 885107 2026-07-20T09:20:25Z BnHamid 12586 Redirected page to [[Yanayin jihar New York]] 885108 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yanayin jihar New York]] nw5g0e4ecjyfm3y9pybhgxb1k5qvz5w 0 108655 885085 678292 2026-07-20T09:01:58Z BnHamid 12586 885085 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Saint Petersburg birni ne kuma batun tarayya ne wanda ke cikin Gundumar Tarayya ta Arewa maso Yamma [[Rasha]] . Yana tsaye a bakin Kogin Neva a gabashin ƙarshen Tekun Finland (wani ɓangare na [[Tekun Baltic]]). == Yanayin ƙasa == [[Fayil:Saint_Petersburg_30.36553E_59.94613N.jpg|thumb|265x265px|Hoton tauraron dan adam na Saint Petersburg]] [[Fayil:Spb-locator.svg|right|thumb|250x250px|Yankin batun tarayya na Saint Petersburg]] [[Fayil:Zelenogorsk_pljaz.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Tekun Finland a Zelenogorsk]] Yankin birnin Saint Petersburg daidai shine 605.8 km2 (233.9 sq mi).  A matsayin abin da ya shafi tarayya Saint Petersburg ya ƙunshi, ban da Saint Petersburg daidai, garuruwa da yawa (Kolpino, Krasnoye Selo, Kronstadt, Lomonosov, Pavlovsk, Petergof, Pushkin, Sestroretsk da Zelenogorsk), ƙauyuka 21 na birni, da kuma yankunan karkara.  Jimlar yanki na batun tarayya har zuwa 2015[sabuntawa] ya ƙunshi 1439 km2 Batun tarayya da birnin Saint Petersburg suna kan tsakiyar taiga lowlands tare da gabar Neva Bay na Gulf of Finland, tare da gaɓar ƙananan kogin Neva da kansa da kuma tsibirai da yawa na [[Delta|Kogin Delta]]. A arewacin birnin akwai Karelian Isthmus, wani shahararren wurin shakatawa na bazara ga 'yan ƙasa, yayin da a kudancin Saint Petersburg ya haye Baltic-Ladoga Klint kuma ya sadu da Izhora Plateau. Tsayin Saint Petersburg ya kasance daga matakin teku zuwa mafi girman matsayi na {{Cvt|175.9|m|0}} a tudun Orehovaya Duderhof Heights a kudu. Koyaya, cibiyar birni ta tarihi (sai dai yankin tsakanin Liteyny Prospekt da Smolnaya Embankment) tana ƙasa da mita 4 (13 sama da matakin teku kuma ta sha wahala daga ambaliyar ruwa kusan sau 300 a tarihinta. Ambaliyar ruwa a Saint Petersburg ta haifar da raƙuman ruwa masu tsawo Tekun Baltic, suna tasowa akai-akai a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin yanayi kuma suna ƙaruwa da iskõki masu kyau da kuma rashin zurfin Neva Bay. Ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni ta faru ne 1824 ({{Cvt|4.21|m|ftin|0}} in sama da matakin teku ), 1924 ({{Cvt|3.80|m|ftin|0}} ft 6 in), 1777 ({{Cvt|3.21|m|ftin|0}} ft 6 in, 1955 ({{Cvt|2.93|m|ftin|0}} in) da 1975 ({{Cvt|2.81|m|ftin|0}} feet ). An kammala madatsar ruwan Saint Petersburg, wanda aka gina don hana ambaliyar ruwa, a watan Agustan 2011 bayan wani dogon lokaci na gini wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1979. Tun daga karni na 18 an ɗaga filin da ke tsakiyar gari a hankali, a wasu wurare da fiye da mita 4 (13 . Hydrology na tsakiyar gari da yawan tsibirai suma sun canza sosai. Baya ga Neva da masu rarraba shi, wasu muhimman koguna na batun tarayya na Saint Petersburg sun hada da Sestra, Okhta da Izhora. Tafkin mafi girma shine Sestroretsky Razliv a arewa, a waje da iyakokin Saint Petersburg. Lakhtinsky Razliv da Suzdal Lakes ƙananan tabkuna ne a cikin iyakar arewacin birnin. Matsayin St. Petersburg a kan latitude na kimanin 60 ° N, kasa da digiri bakwai zuwa kudancin Arctic Circle, yana haifar da babban bambancin Tsawon rana a fadin yanayi, daga 5 h 53 min zuwa 18 h 50 min, kuma yana haifar da dusar ƙanƙara don ƙarshe duk dare a farkon lokacin rani, daga Yuni zuwa tsakiyar Yuli - abin da aka sani da fararen dare.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; == Tsibirin ==   Tsibirin Vasilyevsky shine tsibirin mafi girma (ba tare da la'akari da tsibirin wucin gadi da ba a san sunansa ba wanda Obvodny Canal da Fontanka da Kotlin Island suka kafa (shafin Kronstadt) a cikin Neva Bay), sannan Petrogradsky, Dekabristov da Krestovsky Islands suka biyo baya. Wannan na ƙarshe, tare da Yelagin da Kamenny Island, sun samar da abin da ake kira tsibirin Kirovskiye, wanda yawancin wuraren shakatawa suka rufe. * Tsibirin Aptekarsky * Tsibirin Artillery * Tsibirin Kanonersky * Tsibirin New Holland * Tsibirin Spassky, tsakanin kogin Fontanka, Moika, Griboyedov da KryukovHanyoyin Kryukov * Tsibirin Zayachy (Hare Island), shafin yanar gizon Peter da PaulGinin Bitrus da Bulus == Yanayi == [[Fayil:Peter_and_Paul_Fortress,_thunderstorm,_St._Petersburg,_Russia.jpg|right|thumb|Saint Petersburg a ƙarƙashin girgije mai nauyi]] Saint-Petersburg tana fuskantar yanayi mai ɗanɗano na nahiya na yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen: Dfb), saboda tasirin daidaitawa na guguwar Tekun Baltic.  Lokacin bazara yawanci yana da sauƙi zuwa zafi, ɗanɗano kuma gajere sosai, yayin da lokacin sanyi yana da tsayi da sanyi amma tare da yawan zafi.  Matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin hunturu shine kusan -9 °C (16 °F), kuma rikodin ƙarancin zafin jiki shine -35.9 °C (-32.6 °F), wanda aka rubuta a cikin 1883. Ƙasa mai daskarewa wani yanki ne na al'ada na hunturu a can.  Kogin Neva a cikin iyakokin birni yawanci yana daskarewa a cikin Nuwamba – Disamba (a cikin 2007 da 2020 ya yi a ƙarshen Janairu kawai), yayin da rabuwa ke faruwa a cikin Afrilu.  A matsakaita akwai kwanaki 123 tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara (tsayayyen daga Disamba zuwa Maris), wanda ya kai matsakaicin  240 mm (9+1⁄2 a) zuwa Fabrairu.  Lokacin da babu sanyi a cikin birni yana ɗaukar matsakaita na kusan kwanaki 135.  Akwai bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi a cikin iyakokin birni, kuma birnin da kansa yana fuskantar yanayi mai zafi fiye da kewayen birni.  Yanayin yanayi, duk da haka, yana da sauƙin canzawa a duk shekara.{{Cvt|240|mm}} Matsakaicin [[Yayafi|ruwan sama]] na shekara-shekara ya bambanta a duk faɗin birnin, kasancewar kusan 600-750 mm a kowace shekara a matsakaici kuma ya kai matsakaicin a ƙarshen lokacin rani da arewa. Kodayake wannan adadi ba shi da yawa da kansa, danshi na ƙasa kusan koyaushe yana da yawa saboda ƙarancin evapotranspiration saboda yanayin sanyi. [[Danshi|Rashin zafi]] na iska ma yana da yawa (78% a matsakaici), kuma ruwan sama ya zama ruwan dare a ko'ina cikin shekara (kwana 165, a matsakaiciyar).&nbsp;{{Saint Petersburg weatherbox}} == Dubi kuma == * Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Saint Petersburg ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nuyfbqgeo4o4xqehggh445guc4vap2g 0 109063 885045 704837 2026-07-19T21:10:21Z OutsideNormality 45513 rm spam from enwiki ([[en:Special:Diff/1223772634]]) 885045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Chicken Licken''' sarkar gidan cin abinci ce mai soyayyen kaji a Afirka ta Kudu. Kamfanin yana da kashi 5% na kasuwar abinci mai sauri ta Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 2010, yana ɗaure da McDonald's . A cewar wani bincike na shari'ar da Henny Penny Corporation ta buga a cikin 2011, Chicken Licken shine "manyan kaji mafi girma da ba na Amurka ba a duniya". <ref> name="Pitman">{{Cite web |last=Pitman |first=Juliet |date=11 November 2009 |title=Entrepreneur Profiles – Chicken Licken: George Sombonos |url=http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821203521/http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos/ |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Entrepreneur Magazine}}</ref> <ref> name="HennyPenny">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Case Study: Partnering from the Ground Up: How Chicken Licken Captured the Market |url=http://hennypennymath.com/EE/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Chicken-Licken-Case-Study.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160924/http://hennypennymath.com/EE/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Chicken-Licken-Case-Study.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=22 August 2014 |publisher=Henny Penny Corporation}}</ref> == Tarihi == An kafa Chicken Licken a Afirka ta Kudu ta hannun George Sombonos, ɗan wani mai gidan abincin baƙi na Girka . <ref> name="Pitman">{{Cite web |last=Pitman |first=Juliet |date=11 November 2009 |title=Entrepreneur Profiles – Chicken Licken: George Sombonos |url=http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821203521/http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos/ |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Entrepreneur Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPitman2009">Pitman, Juliet (11 November 2009). </cite></ref> <ref> name="Boucher">{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Chana |date=4 September 2012 |title=Entrepreneur Profiles – Chicken Licken: George Sombonos |url=http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414003040/http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos-2/ |archive-date=14 April 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Entrepreneur Magazine}}</ref> Sombonos ya koyi sana'ar cin abinci a shekarun 1970 a Dairy Den, gidan cin abinci na mahaifinsa a Ridgeway, wani yanki a yankin kudancin Inner City na [[Johannesburg]] . <ref> name="OBrien">{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Tracy |date=18 September 2010 |title=The Chicken Licken story |url=http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821074754/http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Leader.co.za}}</ref> KFC ta shiga kasuwar Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1971. Sombonos ya sayi kayan girke-girke na sirri na Chicken Licken daga mai kantin sayar da abinci mai sauri a Waco, Texas, kan dalar Amurka 1,000 yayin balaguron Amurka a 1972 kuma ya gabatar da shi zuwa Den Dairy. <ref name="OBrien" /> <ref name="Beeld" /> <ref name="Alexander">{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Michele |date=18 July 2012 |title=Don't be chicken to succeed |url=http://www.leadershiponline.co.za/articles/dont-be-chicken-to-succeed-1159.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822061237/http://www.leadershiponline.co.za/articles/dont-be-chicken-to-succeed-1159.html |archive-date=22 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Leadership}}</ref> A cikin 1975 ya fara hidimar abokan cinikin [[Bakar fata|baƙi]] a cikin motocinsu lokacin da dokokin wariyar launin fata suka hana su shiga gidajen cin abinci. <ref name="OBrien" /> A cikin 1976 ya gabatar da ra'ayin gidan abinci na tuƙi zuwa Den Dairy bayan ya gan shi a gidajen cin abinci na Wendy a Amurka. <ref name="OBrien" /> Mahaifinsa ya mutu a shekara ta 1980 kuma Sombonos ya bude gidan cin abinci na Chicken Licken na farko a cikin 1981 a kan shafin yanar gizon kiwo. <ref name="Pitman"/> <ref> name="OBrien">{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Tracy |date=18 September 2010 |title=The Chicken Licken story |url=http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821074754/http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Leader.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFO'Brien2010">O'Brien, Tracy (18 September 2010). </cite></ref> A cikin 1982 ya ba da takardun hannun jari guda biyu na farko, wanda ke a Soweto da Alexandra, saboda har yanzu ba a san kamfanin ba kuma ya kasa sayar da su. <ref name="Boucher"/> <ref name="OBrien" /> Kasancewar Chicken Licken a cikin garuruwa a lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata ya taimaka mata wajen kafa amintaccen abokin ciniki tsakanin bakaken fata na Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="Pitman" /> <ref name="Boucher" /> Duk da haka, tsayin daka na cikin gida ga wariyar launin fata ya tsananta a tsakiyar 1980s kuma ayyukan kamfanin a cikin garuruwa ya yi mummunan tasiri a cikin rikici har zuwa 1991. <ref name="Pitman" /> Ƙungiyar kamfanin tare da garuruwan ya kuma gabatar da kalubale ga ci gaba a waje da garuruwa a cikin sauyin yanayi a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="Boucher" /> 'Yar George Chantal ta fara aiki a Chicken Licken a cikin 2001, <ref name="Alexander"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2014 |title=The Power of 40 Report 2013 |url=http://issuu.com/ndalomedia/docs/destiny_power_of_40_report |access-date=23 August 2014 |website=Destiny}}</ref> kuma tana gaba don maye gurbinsa da gudanar da kasuwancin mallakar dangi. <ref name="OBrien" /> == Wurare == Da farko, sabbin kantunan Licken kaji an buɗe su ne kawai a cikin ƙauyukan Afirka ta Kudu. Tun lokacin da zamanin wariyar launin fata ya ƙare a cikin 1994, baƙar fata masu matsakaicin matsakaici sun ƙaura daga garuruwan kuma kamfanin ya canza mayar da hankali ga faɗaɗa a cikin manyan wuraren samun kuɗi da manyan kantunan kasuwa. <ref> name="OBrien">{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Tracy |date=18 September 2010 |title=The Chicken Licken story |url=http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821074754/http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Leader.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFO'Brien2010">O'Brien, Tracy (18 September 2010). </cite></ref> Ya zuwa shekarar 2013, akwai kantunan lasar kaza 247 a Afirka ta Kudu da kantuna 12 a Botswana. Tun daga shekarar 2012 12 ne kawai daga cikin gidajen cin abinci na Chicken Licken a Afirka ta Kudu mallakar kamfanin, gami da gidajen cin abinci shida na kamfanin. <ref name="Boucher"/> <ref name="Furlonger" /> Yunkurin kafa wata kafa a wasu kasashen Afirka bai yi nasara ba. An rufe shaguna a Zimbabwe da Najeriya da kuma Mauritius saboda matsalolin da ake samu na faranti da kuma samar da kaji da wutar lantarki da kuma musayar kayan abinci na kasashen waje. Hakanan an rufe shaguna a Lesotho da Swaziland a kudancin Afirka saboda rashin jin daɗin abubuwan kasuwanci. Tun daga 2025 akwai magana game da buɗe kantin sayar da kayayyaki a Bronx, NY. === Kasashe === * Botswana - 18 kantuna (2021) * Afirka ta Kudu - 250 kantuna (2013) == Sa alama == [[Fayil:Chicken_Licken_Grand_Parade_1.jpg|thumb|Grand Parade, [[Cape Town]]]] A cikin 1981 Sombonos ya kafa Golden Fried Chicken (Pty) Ltd kuma ya yi rajistar sunan ciniki Chicken Licken, ɗaya daga cikin sunayen tatsuniyar Henny Penny wanda ma'aikaci ya ba da shawarar. <ref name="OBrien">{{Cite web |last=O'Brien |first=Tracy |date=18 September 2010 |title=The Chicken Licken story |url=http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821074754/http://www.leader.co.za/infocentrearticle.aspx?s=5&c=66&a=2282&p=2 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Leader.co.za}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFO'Brien2010">O'Brien, Tracy (18 September 2010). </cite></ref> <ref name="Alexander"/> An haɓaka gidajen cin abinci da marufi kuma ana sabunta menu a kowace shekara, amma tambarin kamfanin ya kasance ba canzawa tun 1981. <ref name="Boucher">{{Cite web |last=Boucher |first=Chana |date=4 September 2012 |title=Entrepreneur Profiles – Chicken Licken: George Sombonos |url=http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414003040/http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos-2/ |archive-date=14 April 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Entrepreneur Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBoucher2012">Boucher, Chana (4 September 2012). </cite></ref> Kayayyakin Licken na kaji suna kula da ɗanɗanon mutanen gida. <ref name="Pitman"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Naidoo |first=Nicole Cassandra |date=25 October 2013 |title=Fast food outlets compete for a piece of the pie |url=http://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/southern-africa/2013/10/25/fast-food-outlets-competing-for-a-piece-of-the-pie/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115340/http://www.cnbcafrica.com/news/southern-africa/2013/10/25/fast-food-outlets-competing-for-a-piece-of-the-pie/ |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=24 August 2014 |website=CNBC Africa}}</ref> Mafi shaharar samfurin kamfanin shine fikafikansa masu zafi da aka gabatar a shekarar 1992. <ref name="Boucher" /> Alamomin kasuwanci masu rijista a Afirka ta Kudu sun haɗa da: * Abincin rai * Cikakken gida * Zafafan fuka-fuki * Popcorn Chicken <ref name="Formby" /> Golden Fried Chicken (Pty) Ltd, ciniki kamar Chicken Licken, ya mallaki alamar kasuwanci don kalmar ''rai'' a Afirka ta Kudu dangane da "masu cin abinci, mashaya na ciye-ciye, wuraren shakatawa, wuraren cin abinci mai sauri, kantuna da gidajen titi; sabis ɗin da ke da alaƙa da siyarwa da rarraba kayan abinci da abin sha, abinci". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Alberts |first=Wim |date=April 2009 |title=Soul food: Intellectual Property |url=http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication_article/jb_prej_v9_n3_a14 |url-status=live |journal=Without Prejudice |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=28–29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821120126/http://reference.sabinet.co.za/sa_epublication_article/jb_prej_v9_n3_a14 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014}}</ref> Abincin kaji an sanya shi azaman zaɓi mafi araha fiye da na manyan masu fafatawa a Afirka ta Kudu, KFC da Nando's . Chicken Licken ya kasance a matsayi na biyu bayan KFC a cikin Fast Food and Restaurant Chains category na ''Sunday Times'' Markinor 2007 Top Brands Survey, wanda Nando ya biyo baya wanda ya kasance na biyu a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Binciken ya dogara ne akan tambayoyin mabukaci kuma yayi la'akari da abubuwa kamar wayar da kan alama da amincewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2007 |title=Top Brands |url=http://images.businesslive.co.za/businessresourcespdf's/1908TopBrands_242673a.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617202727/http://images.businesslive.co.za/businessresourcespdf%27s/1908TopBrands_242673a.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012 |access-date=23 August 2014 |website=The Sunday Times}}</ref> Chicken Licken abokin ciniki ne na cibiyar talla na Net#work BBDO har zuwa 2016 lokacin da kamfanin talla [https://joepublicunited.co.za/ Joe Public United] ya sayar da ransa. An san alamar don tallace-tallacen talabijin na ban dariya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2009 |title=Chicken Licken repositions brand |url=http://www.screenafrica.com/page/news/ads/985229-Chicken-Licken-repositions-brand#.U_XRGcWSyyg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822073735/http://www.screenafrica.com/page/news/ads/985229-Chicken-Licken-repositions-brand#.U_XRGcWSyyg |archive-date=22 August 2014 |access-date=21 August 2014 |website=Screen Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2010 |title=Net#work BBDOs New Chicken Licken TV ad brings the ants out of the woodwork! |url=http://www.themarketingsite.com/live/content.php?Item_ID=12118 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821194624/http://www.themarketingsite.com/live/content.php?Item_ID=12118 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=21 August 2014 |website=The Marketing Site}}</ref> <ref name="BigJohn">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2014 |title=Net#Work brings truckloads of laughs for Chicken Licken's new burger |url=http://www.marketingupdate.co.za/?IDStory=65759 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826231800/http://www.marketingupdate.co.za/?IDStory=65759 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |website=Marketing Update}}</ref> Tallace-tallacen Licken na farko an tsara su ta hanyar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma daraktan kere-kere [[Joe Mafela]] . Mafela ya yi tauraro a cikin jerin wasan kwaikwayo na gidan talabijin [[Harshen Zulu|na Zulu]] ''<nowiki/>'Sgudi 'Snaysi'' (1986-1992), kuma ya rubuta "Yana da kyau, mai kyau, mai kyau, yana da kyau" jingle a lokacin yin tallace-tallace na Chicken Licken a cikin 1986. <ref name="Pitman">{{Cite web |last=Pitman |first=Juliet |date=11 November 2009 |title=Entrepreneur Profiles – Chicken Licken: George Sombonos |url=http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821203521/http://www.entrepreneurmag.co.za/advice/success-stories/entrepreneur-profiles/chicken-licken-george-sombonos/ |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=20 August 2014 |website=Entrepreneur Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPitman2009">Pitman, Juliet (11 November 2009). </cite></ref> <ref name="Boucher"/> wani salon tallan da aka buga ta hanyar PCLhun. Jarumin Ba-Amurke ɗan wasan Sydney Hall wanda ke ba da Kaza Licken a matsayin magani-duk . A cikin 2007 George Sombonos ya lashe lambar yabo ta Creative Circle's Marketer of the Year award don abokan ciniki na hukumar talla don "25 Yrs of Soul", tallace-tallace mai ban sha'awa da ke nuna waƙar 1983 mai suna " Burn Out " na mawaƙin gida Sipho "Hotstix" Mabuse . <ref name="Award">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2007 |title=Chicken Licken CEO flies off as inaugural Marketer of the Year |url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/12/14909.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821194609/http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/12/14909.html |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=21 August 2014 |website=Bizcommunity.com}}</ref> A cikin 2013 ya lashe lambar yabo ta Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da Kyautar Innovation na lambar yabo ta Loerie . <ref name="BigJohn" /> == Masu kaya == Chicken Licken yana samun kajin sa daga Rainbow Chicken Limited, wani kamfani da aka jera a JSE wanda shi ne kan gaba wajen noman kaji a Afirka ta Kudu. <ref name="Pitman"/> Ta shigo da kaji daga Brazil a baya lokacin da masu fitar da kaya daga Brazil suka fara aikin yankan Rainbow da sauran manoman kaji na Afirka ta Kudu tare da mamaye kasuwa da rarar kaji . Yana samun kayan yaji daga Robertsons Spices, alamar [[Unilever]] na ganye da kayan yaji. <ref name="OBrien"/> <ref name="Alexander"/> Chicken Licken yana amfani da fryers wanda Henny Penny, wani Ba'amurke mai kera kayan dafa abinci da manyan kamfanonin abinci masu sauri ke amfani da su kamar KFC da McDonald's. <ref name="HennyPenny">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Case Study: Partnering from the Ground Up: How Chicken Licken Captured the Market |url=http://hennypennymath.com/EE/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Chicken-Licken-Case-Study.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160924/http://hennypennymath.com/EE/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Chicken-Licken-Case-Study.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2014 |access-date=22 August 2014 |publisher=Henny Penny Corporation}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160924/http://hennypennymath.com/EE/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/Chicken-Licken-Case-Study.pdf "Case Study: Partnering from the Ground Up: How Chicken Licken Captured the Market"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> == Rigima da Kararraki == A cikin shekaru da yawa, Chicken Licken ya fara yaƙin neman zaɓe don tabbatar da alamar kasuwancinsa na kalmar "kurwa", da tsangwama ga duk wani kasuwanci, komai girman ko ƙarami, wanda ke amfani da kalmar da sunansa ko a matsayin samfuri. Chicken Licken ya jera kalmar "rai" a cikin 1994 a matsayin alamar kasuwanci a ƙarƙashin azuzuwan 29 da 30, <ref name="Nortier">{{Cite web |last=Nortier |first=Christi |date=2019-05-03 |title=CONVERSATION PIECE: (Trade)marks the itchy spot for vegan soul food |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-05-03-trademarks-the-itchy-spot-for-vegan-soul-food/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> suna amfani da kalmar a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙamus ɗin su a cikin yakin talla da sunayen samfur. Alamar kasuwanci tana nufin cewa babu wanda zai iya amfani da kalmar a cikin kasuwanci don bayyana wasu nau'ikan abinci da abin sha, amma daga baya aka tsawaita har zuwa gidajen abinci da sabis na abinci. Maƙasudin ƙarar a cikin shekaru sun haɗa da gidajen cin abinci na vegan, shaguna masu zaman kansu, wuraren shakatawa, masana'antun abinci, masu farawa, da wuraren baƙi. A kusan dukkan lokuta, makasudin ayyukan doka sun kasance ƙananan kasuwancin da kamfanoni biliyan R3 za su iya tsoratar da su cikin sauƙi. Misalin farko da aka lura da shi don karɓar tallace-tallace da yawa ya faru ne lokacin da giant ɗin abinci mai sauri ya ɗauki matakin shari'a a kan gidan cin abinci na vegan na Durban Oh My Soul <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vogel |first=Elani |date=2021-02-23 |title=GOLDEN FRIED CHICKEN (PTY) LTD V OH MY SOUL (PTY) LTD T/A OH MY SOUL CAFE [2019] ZAKZDHC 30 AND GOLDEN FRIED CHICKEN (PTY) LTD V VLACHOS AND ANOTHER [2020] ZAGPJHC 284 - Schindlers Attorneys |url=https://www.schindlers.co.za/news/golden-fried-chicken-pty-ltd-v-oh-my-soul-pty-ltd-t-a-oh-my-soul-cafe-2019-zakzdhc-30-and-golden-fried-chicken-pty-ltd-v-vlachos-and-another-2020-zagpjhc-284/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |language=en-ZA}}</ref> da masana'antar abinci mai daskararre We Are Food in 2019. <ref name="Nortier"/> Oh My Soul ya buɗe ƙofofinsa a cikin Satumba 2018, yana ba da abincin vegan wanda ya haɗa da "lasa" da "vish". Watanni shida bayan budewa, masu Tallulah da Richard Duffin, sun sami wasikar bukata daga lauyan Chicken Licken Ron Wheeldon wanda ke zargin cin zarafin "kurwa" ta alamar kasuwanci. Bayan tattaunawar makonni uku, Duffins sun amince su sake sanya "lasan" su a matsayin "vicken" da "salatin rai" a matsayin "salad mai tsarki", <ref name="Nortier"/> amma sun ƙi sake sanya kantin sayar da su. Chicken Licken ya ki yarda da wannan kuma ya gabatar da hukunci na gaggawa; Bayan mako guda, Duffins sun bayyana a babban Kotun KwaZulu-Natal. An saurari karar kuma an yanke hukunci kan Oh My Soul Cafe a ranar 25 ga Maris, 2019, tare da alkalin babbar kotun KwaZulu-Natal Dhayanithie Pillay ya yanke hukuncin cewa amfani da kalmar "rai" da Chicken Licken ya kasance "... a falsafa, akida kuma a zahiri gaba da cin ganyayyaki. tunanin mai nema na 'rai' a kowane irin nau'in alamun kasuwancinsa ya bayyana". <ref name="Nortier" /> A lokaci guda kuma, Chicken Licken ya fara shari'a a kan Durban daskararrun farawar abinci We Are Food, mallakar 'yan'uwa mata Jane da Amy Weare. <ref name="Nortier"/> 'Yan'uwa mata sun haɗa a cikin zaɓin abincinsu nau'in cin abinci mai tsafta wanda ya haɗa da yawancin vegan "Soul Bowls". Chicken Licken yayi jayayya cewa "kwano mai rai" ba abincin da aka sani ba ne kuma 'yan'uwa mata sun saba wa alamar kasuwanci na Chicken Licken. Bayan neman shawarar shari'a, Mu Abinci ne ya zaɓi sake sanya ma'auni na Soul Bowls zuwa Bowls na Vegan maimakon ɗaure kansu a cikin yaƙin doka tare da ƙwararrun abinci mai sauri. Sauran shari'o'in kan ƙananan kasuwancin Afirka ta Kudu sun haɗa da matakin shari'a da aka ɗauka akan Soulsa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-03-16 |title=Court Settles SOUL Spat |url=https://www.lexology.com/commentary/intellectual-property/south-africa/ron-wheeldon-attorneys/court-settles-soul-spat |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Lexology |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Fried Chicken (Pty) Ltd v Soulsa CC (23619/2007) [2009] ZAGPHC 11 (30 January 2009) |url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPHC/2009/11.html |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=saflii.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Infringement found despite non-use of registered mark |url=https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/enforcement-and-litigation/infringement-found-despite-non-use-of-registered-mark |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=worldtrademarkreview.com |language=en}}</ref> a cikin 2009, Native Soul, East Coast Soul Kitchen, Soulhouse, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Feathers fly in new Chicken Licken scrap |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/food/2022-03-06-feathers-fly-in-new-chicken-licken-scrap/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Soul Kitchen, <ref>{{Cite web |title='Soulicious' victory for Sol Kitchen as court clips Chicken Licken's wings |url=https://www.iol.co.za/capetimes/news/soulicious-victory-for-sol-kitchen-as-court-clips-chicken-lickens-wings-8cbe1685-64c3-4656-9b73-5bdbcc54442b |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> Soul Souvlaki, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chicken Licken in a legal flap again over claim of sole rights to 'soul' |url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times-daily/news/2022-03-01-chicken-licken-in-a-legal-flap-again-over-claim-of-sole-rights-to-soul/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=TimesLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref> da Tha'phe' Soul Food. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Companies Tribunal in the Matter between Golden Fried Chicken (Pty) Ltd and Tha 'Phe' Soul Food cc |url=https://www.companiestribunal.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/CTR-014022013.pdf}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Jerin gidajen cin abinci masu saurin cin abinci kaji  == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3vj2kr4quuaorml9agxt504jrdxev3s 0 111825 884957 868218 2026-07-19T16:17:25Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Fayil:Profile_of_Scotland.png|thumb|Bayanan Scotland]] '''yawan jama'a na [[Scotland]]''' ya haɗa da dukkan fannoni na yawan jama'a, na baya da na yanzu, a yankin da ke Scotland. Scotland tana da yawan mutane 5,463,300 a cikin 2019. An kiyasta yawan jama'a a cikin 2011 a matsayin 0.6% a kowace shekara bisa ga Binciken Shekara-shekara na GROS na 2011. Yana rufe yanki na kilomita 78,78 (30,418 sq , Scotland tana da yawan jama'a na {{Convert|67.2|/km2|/sqmi}} (174/sq . Kimanin kashi 70% na yawan mutanen ƙasar (miliyan 3.5) suna zaune a cikin Central Belt - yankin da ke cikin arewa maso gabas- kudu maso yamma tsakanin manyan Biranen Scotland na [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]], gami da manyan ƙauyuka na Paisley, Stirling, Falkirk, Perth da Dundee, a cikin Lowlands na Tsakiya (80%). Sauran yawan jama'a sun haɗa da gabar arewa maso gabashin Scotland, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da biranen Aberdeen da Inverness, da kuma gabar yammacin da ke kusa le garin Ayr. Highlands na Scotland da tsibirin tsibirin Eilean Siar suna da mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a a 9 / km2 (23/sq mi). Glasgow tana da mafi yawan jama'a a 3,28{{Convert|9|/km2|/sqmi}} mi). Har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, alhakin kimanta yawan mutanen Scotland, da kuma yin rikodin haihuwa, [[Mutuwa]] da [[Aure]], Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland (GROS) ne ke kula da shi, wanda Babban Rijistar na Scotland ke jagoranta. Daga 1 ga Afrilu shekara ta 2011 zuwa gaba, GROS ya haɗu da Tarihin Kasa na Scotland don zama Tarihin Kasa na Scotland. Har yanzu ana buƙatar sabon ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Dokar Rijistar Haihuwa, Mutuwa da Aure (Scotland) shekara ta 1965, don gabatar da rahoton shekara-shekara na Janar-Janar game da yanayin yawan jama'a ga Gwamnatin Scotland. Tare da sauran [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], National Records for Scotland kuma tana da alhakin gudanar da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na shekaru goma. Kwanan nan ya faru ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022. == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == === Canjin yawan jama'a a tsawon lokaci === A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, ana yin ƙidaya a kowace shekara goma daga 1801 zuwa gaba; ban da 1941 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. Bayanan yawan jama'a na shekaru da suka gabata an bayar da su daga kundin adireshi da jaridu {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Shekara !Yawan jama'a |- !1500 | style="text-align:right;" |500,000 |- !1600 | style="text-align:right;" |800,000 |- !1707 | style="text-align:right;" |1,000,000 |- !1755 | style="text-align:right;" |1,265,380 |- !1801 | style="text-align:right;" |1,608,420 |- !1811 | style="text-align:right;" |1,805,864 |- !1821 | style="text-align:right;" |2,091,521 |- !1831 | style="text-align:right;" |2,364,386 |- !1841 | style="text-align:right;" |2,620,184 |- !1851 | style="text-align:right;" |2,888,742 |- !1861 | style="text-align:right;" |3,062,294 |- !1871 | style="text-align:right;" |3,360,018 |- !1881 | style="text-align:right;" |3,735,578 |- !1891 | style="text-align:right;" |4,025,647 |- !1901 | style="text-align:right;" |4,472,103 |- !1911 | style="text-align:right;" |4,760,904 |- !1921 | style="text-align:right;" |4,882,407 |- !1931 | style="text-align:right;" |4,842,989 |- !1939^a | style="text-align:right;" |5,006,700 |- !1951 | style="text-align:right;" |5,095,969 |- !1961^b | style="text-align:right;" |5,179,000 |- !1971 | style="text-align:right;" |5,229,000 |- !1981 | style="text-align:right;" |5,035,000 |- !1991^c | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 |- !2001 | style="text-align:right;" |5,062,000 |- !2011 | style="text-align:right;" |5,295,000 |- !2022 | style="text-align:right;" |5,436,000 |} Bayani a. Babu ƙidaya a cikin 1941 duk da haka akwai National Register of the Civilian Population a cikin 1939 {{Historical populations|1855|2978065|1860|3054738|1870|3336712|1880|3705994|1890|4003131|1900|4436958|1910|4738611|1920|4866866|1930|4828004|1940|4841241|1950|5114513|1960|5177658|1970|5213700|1980|5193900|1990|5081270|2000|5062940|2010|5262200|2020|5413100|2023|5490100}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Rounded population estimates |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140551/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! scope="col" |Shekaru ! scope="col" |1901 ! scope="col" |1931 ! scope="col" |1951 ! scope="col" |1961 !1971 !1981 !1991 !2001 ! scope="col" |2011 !2022 |- |'''Shekaru 0-14''' |33 |27 |25 |26 |25.9 |21.4 |18.9 |17.9 |16.1 |15.3 |- |'''Shekaru 15-64''' |62 |66 |65 |64 |61.8 |64.5 |65.8 |66.2 |67.1 |64.6 |- |'''Shekaru 65 da sama''' |5 |7 |10 |11 |12.3 |14.1 |15.3 |15.9 |16.8 |20.1 |- |'''Jimillar (%) ''' |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |} === Haihuwar haihuwa da mutuwa === [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Scotland.svg|thumb|Rayuwa mai tsawo a Scotland a tsawon lokaci]] '''Tebur na haihuwa da mutuwa tun daga 1900''' {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! ! style="width:80pt;" |Matsakaicin yawan jama'a ! style="width:80pt;" |Haihuwar rayuwa ! style="width:80pt;" |Mutuwa ! style="width:80pt;" |Canjin yanayi ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan haihuwa (a kowace shekara 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan mace-mace (a kowace shekara 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Canjin halitta (a kowace 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan haihuwa |- |1900 | style="text-align:right;" |4,437,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,401 | style="text-align:right;" |82,296 | style="text-align:right;" |49,105 | style="text-align:right;" |29.6 | style="text-align:right;" |18.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 |- |1901 | style="text-align:right;" |4,479,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,192 | style="text-align:right;" |80,107 | style="text-align:right;" |52,085 | style="text-align:right;" |29.5 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 |- |1902 | style="text-align:right;" |4,507,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,267 | style="text-align:right;" |77,941 | style="text-align:right;" |54,326 | style="text-align:right;" |29.4 | style="text-align:right;" |17.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 |- |1903 | style="text-align:right;" |4,536,000 | style="text-align:right;" |133,525 | style="text-align:right;" |76,002 | style="text-align:right;" |57,523 | style="text-align:right;" |29.4 | style="text-align:right;" |16.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.7 |- |1904 | style="text-align:right;" |4,564,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,603 | style="text-align:right;" |77,981 | style="text-align:right;" |54,622 | style="text-align:right;" |29.1 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 |- |1905 | style="text-align:right;" |4,593,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,410 | style="text-align:right;" |74,536 | style="text-align:right;" |56,874 | style="text-align:right;" |28.6 | style="text-align:right;" |16.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 |- |1906 | style="text-align:right;" |4,621,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,005 | style="text-align:right;" |75,635 | style="text-align:right;" |56,370 | style="text-align:right;" |28.6 | style="text-align:right;" |16.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 |- |1907 | style="text-align:right;" |4,650,000 | style="text-align:right;" |128,840 | style="text-align:right;" |77,296 | style="text-align:right;" |51,544 | style="text-align:right;" |27.7 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 |- |1908 | style="text-align:right;" |4,680,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,362 | style="text-align:right;" |77,838 | style="text-align:right;" |53,524 | style="text-align:right;" |28.1 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.4 |- |1909 | style="text-align:right;" |4,709,000 | style="text-align:right;" |128,669 | style="text-align:right;" |74,632 | style="text-align:right;" |54,037 | style="text-align:right;" |27.3 | style="text-align:right;" |15.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 |- |1910 | style="text-align:right;" |4,739,000 | style="text-align:right;" |124,059 | style="text-align:right;" |72,268 | style="text-align:right;" |51,791 | style="text-align:right;" |26.2 | style="text-align:right;" |15.2 | style="text-align:right;" |11.0 |- |1911 | style="text-align:right;" |4,751,000 | style="text-align:right;" |121,850 | style="text-align:right;" |71,732 | style="text-align:right;" |50,118 | style="text-align:right;" |25.7 | style="text-align:right;" |15.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1912 | style="text-align:right;" |4,741,000 | style="text-align:right;" |122,790 | style="text-align:right;" |72,340 | style="text-align:right;" |50,450 | style="text-align:right;" |25.9 | style="text-align:right;" |15.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1913 | style="text-align:right;" |4,728,000 | style="text-align:right;" |120,516 | style="text-align:right;" |73,069 | style="text-align:right;" |47,447 | style="text-align:right;" |25.5 | style="text-align:right;" |15.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.0 |- |1914 | style="text-align:right;" |4,747,000 | style="text-align:right;" |123,934 | style="text-align:right;" |73,557 | style="text-align:right;" |50,377 | style="text-align:right;" |26.1 | style="text-align:right;" |15.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1915 | style="text-align:right;" |4,771,000 | style="text-align:right;" |114,181 | style="text-align:right;" |81,631 | style="text-align:right;" |32,550 | style="text-align:right;" |23.9 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.8 |- |1916 | style="text-align:right;" |4,795,000 | style="text-align:right;" |109,942 | style="text-align:right;" |70,640 | style="text-align:right;" |39,302 | style="text-align:right;" |22.9 | style="text-align:right;" |14.7 | style="text-align:right;" |8.2 |- |1917 | style="text-align:right;" |4,810,000 | style="text-align:right;" |97,441 | style="text-align:right;" |69,483 | style="text-align:right;" |27,958 | style="text-align:right;" |20.2 | style="text-align:right;" |14.4 | style="text-align:right;" |5.8 |- |1918 | style="text-align:right;" |4,812,000 | style="text-align:right;" |98,554 | style="text-align:right;" |78,372 | style="text-align:right;" |20,182 | style="text-align:right;" |20.5 | style="text-align:right;" |16.3 | style="text-align:right;" |4.2 |- |1919 | style="text-align:right;" |4,820,000 | style="text-align:right;" |106,268 | style="text-align:right;" |75,149 | style="text-align:right;" |31,119 | style="text-align:right;" |22.1 | style="text-align:right;" |15.6 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1920 | style="text-align:right;" |4,864,000 | style="text-align:right;" |136,546 | style="text-align:right;" |68,179 | style="text-align:right;" |68,367 | style="text-align:right;" |28.1 | style="text-align:right;" |14.0 | style="text-align:right;" |14.1 |- |1921 | style="text-align:right;" |4,882,000 | style="text-align:right;" |123,201 | style="text-align:right;" |66,210 | style="text-align:right;" |56,991 | style="text-align:right;" |25.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 |- |1922 | style="text-align:right;" |4,898,000 | style="text-align:right;" |115,085 | style="text-align:right;" |72,905 | style="text-align:right;" |42,180 | style="text-align:right;" |23.5 | style="text-align:right;" |14.9 | style="text-align:right;" |8.6 |- |1923 | style="text-align:right;" |4,888,000 | style="text-align:right;" |111,902 | style="text-align:right;" |63,283 | style="text-align:right;" |48,619 | style="text-align:right;" |22.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |9.9 |- |1924 | style="text-align:right;" |4,862,000 | style="text-align:right;" |106,900 | style="text-align:right;" |70,357 | style="text-align:right;" |36,543 | style="text-align:right;" |22.0 | style="text-align:right;" |14.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.5 |- |1925 | style="text-align:right;" |4,867,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,137 | style="text-align:right;" |65,507 | style="text-align:right;" |38,630 | style="text-align:right;" |21.4 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1926 | style="text-align:right;" |4,864,000 | style="text-align:right;" |102,449 | style="text-align:right;" |63,780 | style="text-align:right;" |38,669 | style="text-align:right;" |21.1 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1927 | style="text-align:right;" |4,853,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,672 | style="text-align:right;" |65,830 | style="text-align:right;" |30,842 | style="text-align:right;" |19.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.6 | style="text-align:right;" |6.4 |- |1928 | style="text-align:right;" |4,848,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,822 | style="text-align:right;" |65,271 | style="text-align:right;" |31,551 | style="text-align:right;" |20.0 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1929 | style="text-align:right;" |4,832,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,880 | style="text-align:right;" |70,917 | style="text-align:right;" |21,963 | style="text-align:right;" |19.2 | style="text-align:right;" |14.7 | style="text-align:right;" |4.6 |- |1930 | style="text-align:right;" |4,828,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,549 | style="text-align:right;" |64,285 | style="text-align:right;" |30,264 | style="text-align:right;" |19.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1931 | style="text-align:right;" |4,843,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,220 | style="text-align:right;" |64,229 | style="text-align:right;" |27,991 | style="text-align:right;" |19.0 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |5.8 |- |1932 | style="text-align:right;" |4,883,000 | style="text-align:right;" |91,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,045 | style="text-align:right;" |24,955 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1933 | style="text-align:right;" |4,912,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,546 | style="text-align:right;" |64,848 | style="text-align:right;" |21,698 | style="text-align:right;" |17.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.4 |- |1934 | style="text-align:right;" |4,934,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,836 | style="text-align:right;" |63,741 | style="text-align:right;" |25,095 | style="text-align:right;" |18.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1935 | style="text-align:right;" |4,953,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,928 | style="text-align:right;" |65,331 | style="text-align:right;" |22,597 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.6 |- |1936 | style="text-align:right;" |4,966,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,928 | style="text-align:right;" |66,749 | style="text-align:right;" |22,179 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.4 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1937 | style="text-align:right;" |4,977,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,810 | style="text-align:right;" |68,942 | style="text-align:right;" |18,868 | style="text-align:right;" |17.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.9 | style="text-align:right;" |3.8 |- |1938 | style="text-align:right;" |4,993,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,627 | style="text-align:right;" |62,953 | style="text-align:right;" |25,674 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1939 | style="text-align:right;" |5,007,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,913 | style="text-align:right;" |64,413 | style="text-align:right;" |22,500 | style="text-align:right;" |17.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1940 | style="text-align:right;" |5,065,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,392 | style="text-align:right;" |72,775 | style="text-align:right;" |13,617 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |14.9 | style="text-align:right;" |2.2 |- |1941 | style="text-align:right;" |5,160,000 | style="text-align:right;" |89,748 | style="text-align:right;" |72,558 | style="text-align:right;" |17,190 | style="text-align:right;" |17.4 | style="text-align:right;" |14.6 | style="text-align:right;" |2.8 |- |1942 | style="text-align:right;" |5,174,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,703 | style="text-align:right;" |64,963 | style="text-align:right;" |25,740 | style="text-align:right;" |17.5 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.3 |- |1943 | style="text-align:right;" |5,189,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,669 | style="text-align:right;" |66,733 | style="text-align:right;" |27,936 | style="text-align:right;" |18.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.4 |- |1944 | style="text-align:right;" |5,210,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,920 | style="text-align:right;" |64,603 | style="text-align:right;" |31,317 | style="text-align:right;" |18.4 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |4.9 |- |1945 | style="text-align:right;" |5,187,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,924 | style="text-align:right;" |62,655 | style="text-align:right;" |24,269 | style="text-align:right;" |16.8 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |3.7 |- |1946 | style="text-align:right;" |5,167,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,413 | style="text-align:right;" |64,605 | style="text-align:right;" |39,808 | style="text-align:right;" |20.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1947 | style="text-align:right;" |5,120,000 | style="text-align:right;" |113,147 | style="text-align:right;" |66,200 | style="text-align:right;" |46,947 | style="text-align:right;" |22.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |9.2 |- |1948 | style="text-align:right;" |5,150,000 | style="text-align:right;" |100,344 | style="text-align:right;" |60,979 | style="text-align:right;" |39,365 | style="text-align:right;" |19.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |7.6 |- |1949 | style="text-align:right;" |5,156,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,674 | style="text-align:right;" |63,488 | style="text-align:right;" |32,186 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |6.2 |- |1950 | style="text-align:right;" |5,168,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,530 | style="text-align:right;" |63,996 | style="text-align:right;" |28,534 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |5.5 |- |1951 | style="text-align:right;" |5,102,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,639 | style="text-align:right;" |65,778 | style="text-align:right;" |24,861 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.9 |- |1952 | style="text-align:right;" |5,101,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,422 | style="text-align:right;" |61,510 | style="text-align:right;" |28,912 | style="text-align:right;" |17.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |5.7 |- |1953 | style="text-align:right;" |5,100,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,913 | style="text-align:right;" |58,878 | style="text-align:right;" |32,035 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1954 | style="text-align:right;" |5,104,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,315 | style="text-align:right;" |61,380 | style="text-align:right;" |30,935 | style="text-align:right;" |18.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |6.1 |- |1955 | style="text-align:right;" |5,111,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,539 | style="text-align:right;" |61,645 | style="text-align:right;" |30,894 | style="text-align:right;" |18.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.0 |- |1956 | style="text-align:right;" |5,120,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,313 | style="text-align:right;" |61,792 | style="text-align:right;" |33,521 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1957 | style="text-align:right;" |5,125,000 | style="text-align:right;" |97,977 | style="text-align:right;" |61,143 | style="text-align:right;" |36,834 | style="text-align:right;" |19.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1958 | style="text-align:right;" |5,141,000 | style="text-align:right;" |99,481 | style="text-align:right;" |62,065 | style="text-align:right;" |37,416 | style="text-align:right;" |19.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.3 |- |1959 | style="text-align:right;" |5,163,000 | style="text-align:right;" |99,251 | style="text-align:right;" |63,061 | style="text-align:right;" |36,190 | style="text-align:right;" |19.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |7.0 |- |1960 | style="text-align:right;" |5,178,000 | style="text-align:right;" |101,292 | style="text-align:right;" |61,764 | style="text-align:right;" |39,528 | style="text-align:right;" |19.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |7.6 |- |1961 | style="text-align:right;" |5,184,000 | style="text-align:right;" |101,169 | style="text-align:right;" |63,928 | style="text-align:right;" |37,241 | style="text-align:right;" |19.5 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1962 | style="text-align:right;" |5,198,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,334 | style="text-align:right;" |63,189 | style="text-align:right;" |41,145 | style="text-align:right;" |20.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1963 | style="text-align:right;" |5,205,000 | style="text-align:right;" |102,691 | style="text-align:right;" |65,521 | style="text-align:right;" |37,170 | style="text-align:right;" |19.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |7.1 |- |1964 | style="text-align:right;" |5,209,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,355 | style="text-align:right;" |61,039 | style="text-align:right;" |43,316 | style="text-align:right;" |20.0 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right;" |8.3 |- |1965 | style="text-align:right;" |5,210,000 | style="text-align:right;" |100,660 | style="text-align:right;" |62,868 | style="text-align:right;" |37,792 | style="text-align:right;" |19.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.3 |- |1966 | style="text-align:right;" |5,201,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,536 | style="text-align:right;" |63,689 | style="text-align:right;" |32,847 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1967 | style="text-align:right;" |5,198,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,221 | style="text-align:right;" |59,523 | style="text-align:right;" |36,698 | style="text-align:right;" |18.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.1 |- |1968 | style="text-align:right;" |5,200,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,786 | style="text-align:right;" |63,311 | style="text-align:right;" |31,475 | style="text-align:right;" |18.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |6.1 |- |1969 | style="text-align:right;" |5,209,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,290 | style="text-align:right;" |63,821 | style="text-align:right;" |26,469 | style="text-align:right;" |17.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1970 | style="text-align:right;" |5,215,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,335 | style="text-align:right;" |63,640 | style="text-align:right;" |23,695 | style="text-align:right;" |16.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1971 | style="text-align:right;" |5,219,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,728 | style="text-align:right;" |61,614 | style="text-align:right;" |25,114 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |4.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.53 |- |1972 | style="text-align:right;" |5,223,000 | style="text-align:right;" |78,550 | style="text-align:right;" |65,017 | style="text-align:right;" |13,533 | style="text-align:right;" |15.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |2.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.27 |- |1973 | style="text-align:right;" |5,225,000 | style="text-align:right;" |74,392 | style="text-align:right;" |64,545 | style="text-align:right;" |9,847 | style="text-align:right;" |14.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.13 |- |1974 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226,000 | style="text-align:right;" |70,093 | style="text-align:right;" |64,740 | style="text-align:right;" |5,353 | style="text-align:right;" |13.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.97 |- |1975 | style="text-align:right;" |5,227,000 | style="text-align:right;" |67,943 | style="text-align:right;" |63,125 | style="text-align:right;" |4,818 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.90 |- |1976 | style="text-align:right;" |5,227,000 | style="text-align:right;" |64,895 | style="text-align:right;" |65,253 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -358 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.80 |- |1977 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226,000 | style="text-align:right;" |62,342 | style="text-align:right;" |62,294 | style="text-align:right;" |48 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |0.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1978 | style="text-align:right;" |5,212,000 | style="text-align:right;" |64,295 | style="text-align:right;" |65,123 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -828 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.74 |- |1979 | style="text-align:right;" |5,204,000 | style="text-align:right;" |68,366 | style="text-align:right;" |65,747 | style="text-align:right;" |2,619 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1980 | style="text-align:right;" |5,194,000 | style="text-align:right;" |68,892 | style="text-align:right;" |63,299 | style="text-align:right;" |5,593 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1981 | style="text-align:right;" |5,180,000 | style="text-align:right;" |69,054 | style="text-align:right;" |63,828 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1982 | style="text-align:right;" |5,165,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,196 | style="text-align:right;" |65,022 | style="text-align:right;" |1,174 | style="text-align:right;" |12.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.74 |- |1983 | style="text-align:right;" |5,148,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,078 | style="text-align:right;" |63,454 | style="text-align:right;" |1,624 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1984 | style="text-align:right;" |5,139,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,106 | style="text-align:right;" |62,345 | style="text-align:right;" |2,761 | style="text-align:right;" |12.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1985 | style="text-align:right;" |5,128,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,676 | style="text-align:right;" |63,967 | style="text-align:right;" |2,709 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1986 | style="text-align:right;" |5,112,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,812 | style="text-align:right;" |63,467 | style="text-align:right;" |2,345 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1987 | style="text-align:right;" |5,099,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,241 | style="text-align:right;" |62,014 | style="text-align:right;" |4,227 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1988 | style="text-align:right;" |5,077,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,212 | style="text-align:right;" |61,957 | style="text-align:right;" |4,255 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1989 | style="text-align:right;" |5,078,000 | style="text-align:right;" |63,480 | style="text-align:right;" |65,017 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,537 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right;" |12.8 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.61 |- |1990 | style="text-align:right;" |5,081,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,973 | style="text-align:right;" |61,527 | style="text-align:right;" |4,446 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.67 |- |1991 | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 | style="text-align:right;" |67,024 | style="text-align:right;" |61,041 | style="text-align:right;" |5,983 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.69 |- |1992 | style="text-align:right;" |5,086,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,789 | style="text-align:right;" |60,937 | style="text-align:right;" |4,852 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.67 |- |1993 | style="text-align:right;" |5,092,000 | style="text-align:right;" |63,337 | style="text-align:right;" |64,049 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -712 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.62 |- |1994 | style="text-align:right;" |5,102,000 | style="text-align:right;" |61,656 | style="text-align:right;" |59,328 | style="text-align:right;" |2,328 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |1995 | style="text-align:right;" |5,104,000 | style="text-align:right;" |60,051 | style="text-align:right;" |60,500 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -449 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.55 |- |1996 | style="text-align:right;" |5,092,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,296 | style="text-align:right;" |60,654 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,358 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.56 |- |1997 | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,440 | style="text-align:right;" |59,494 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -54 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |1998 | style="text-align:right;" |5,077,000 | style="text-align:right;" |57,319 | style="text-align:right;" |59,164 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,845 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.55 |- |1999 | style="text-align:right;" |5,072,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,147 | style="text-align:right;" |60,281 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,134 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.51 |- |2000 | style="text-align:right;" |5,063,000 | style="text-align:right;" |53,076 | style="text-align:right;" |57,799 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,723 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.4 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.48 |- |2001 | style="text-align:right;" |5,064,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,527 | style="text-align:right;" |57,380 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,853 | style="text-align:right;" |10.4 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.49 |- |2002 | style="text-align:right;" |5,055,000 | style="text-align:right;" |51,270 | style="text-align:right;" |58,103 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,833 | style="text-align:right;" |10.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.47 |- |2003 | style="text-align:right;" |5,057,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,432 | style="text-align:right;" |58,472 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,040 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.52 |- |2004 | style="text-align:right;" |5,078,000 | style="text-align:right;" |53,957 | style="text-align:right;" |56,187 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,230 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |2005 | style="text-align:right;" |5,095,000 | style="text-align:right;" |54,386 | style="text-align:right;" |55,747 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,361 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.60 |- |2006 | style="text-align:right;" |5,117,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,690 | style="text-align:right;" |55,093 | style="text-align:right;" |597 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.64 |- |2007 | style="text-align:right;" |5,144,000 | style="text-align:right;" |57,781 | style="text-align:right;" |55,986 | style="text-align:right;" |1,795 | style="text-align:right;" |11.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |2008 | style="text-align:right;" |5,169,000 | style="text-align:right;" |60,041 | style="text-align:right;" |55,700 | style="text-align:right;" |4,341 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.77 |- |2009 | style="text-align:right;" |5,194,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,046 | style="text-align:right;" |53,856 | style="text-align:right;" |5,190 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.73 |- |2010 | style="text-align:right;" |5,222,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,791 | style="text-align:right;" |53,967 | style="text-align:right;" |4,824 | style="text-align:right;" |11.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.72 |- |2011 | style="text-align:right;" |5,255,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,590 | style="text-align:right;" |53,661 | style="text-align:right;" |4,931 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.69 |- |2012 | style="text-align:right;" |5,313,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,027 | style="text-align:right;" |54,937 | style="text-align:right;" |3,090 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |2013 | style="text-align:right;" |5,327,000 | style="text-align:right;" |56,014 | style="text-align:right;" |54,700 | style="text-align:right;" |1,314 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.62 |- |2014 | style="text-align:right;" |5,347,000 | style="text-align:right;" |56,725 | style="text-align:right;" |54,239 | style="text-align:right;" |2,486 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |10.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.64 |- |2015 | style="text-align:right;" |5,373,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,098 | style="text-align:right;" |57,566 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,470 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.59 |- |2016 | style="text-align:right;" |5,404,000 | style="text-align:right;" |54,488 | style="text-align:right;" |56,728 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,240 | style="text-align:right;" |10.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.56 |- |2017 | style="text-align:right;" |5,424,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,861 | style="text-align:right;" |57,883 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,022 | style="text-align:right;" |9.8 | style="text-align:right;" |10.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.51 |- |2018 | style="text-align:right;" |5,438,000 | style="text-align:right;" |51,308 | style="text-align:right;" |58,503 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -7,192 | style="text-align:right;" |9.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.46 |- |2019 | style="text-align:right;" |5,463,000 | style="text-align:right;" |49,863 | style="text-align:right;" |58,108 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,245 | style="text-align:right;" |9.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.42 |- |2020 | style="text-align:right;" |5,466,000 | style="text-align:right;" |46,809 | style="text-align:right;" |64,093 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -17,284 | style="text-align:right; " |8.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.33 |- |2021 | style="text-align:right;" |5,479,900 | style="text-align:right;" |47,786 | style="text-align:right;" |63,587 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,824 | style="text-align:right;" |8.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.36 |- |2022 (c) | style="text-align:right;" |5,436,600 | style="text-align:right;" |46,959 | style="text-align:right;" |62,941 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,982 | style="text-align:right;" |8.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.33 |- |2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vital Events Reference Tables 2023 |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/general-publications/vital-events-reference-tables/2023 |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=National Records of Scotland }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" |5,490,100 | style="text-align:right; " |45,935 | style="text-align:right;" |63,445 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -17,510 | style="text-align:right;" |8.4 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.2 | style="text-align:right; " |1.30 |- |2024 | style="text-align:right;" |5,539,000 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |45,760 | style="text-align:right;" |62,232 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -16,472 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |8.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.0 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |1.29 |} (c) = sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a na 2022. * Tushen: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321025129/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/index.html Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900] === Kididdigar muhimmancin yanzu === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ !Lokacin !Haihuwar rayuwa !Mutuwa !Ƙaruwar halitta |- |'''Janairu-Yuni 2024''' |22,567 |31,435 | -8,868 |- |'''Janairu-Yuni 2025''' |22,256 |30,557 | -8,301 |- |'''Bambanci''' | -311 (-1.38%){{Decrease}} | -878 (-2.79%){{DecreasePositive}} | +567{{Increase}} |} === Gidaje ta yawan jama'a ===   Wuraren haihuwar da masu amsa suka bayar ga ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sune kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! rowspan="2" |Kasar haihuwar ! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991">{{Cite web |title=1991 census - local base statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/lbs91 |access-date=14 June 2023 |publisher=Nomis: Official Census and Labour Market Statistics}} ''Tables L01 to L18: Demographic and economic characteristics > L07 Country of birth''</ref> ! colspan="2" |2001 ! colspan="2" |2011 ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{Cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=National Records of Scotland}} '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} !4,849,580 !97.0% !4,870,440 !96.2% !4,926,119 !93.0% !4,884,959 !89.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Scotland}} |4,454,065 |89.11% |4,410,400 |87.13% |4,411,884 |83.32% |4,321,512 |79.44% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|England}} |354,268 |7.09% |408,948 |8.08% |459,486 |8.68% |506,207 |9.31% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Wales}} |14,710 |0.29% |16,623 |0.33% |17,381 |0.33% |18,219 |0.33% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Northern Ireland|union}} |26,393 |0.53% |33,528 |0.66% |36,655 |0.69% |37,260 |0.68% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Burtaniya da ba a bayyana ba{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} |144 |<0.01% |941 |0.02% |713 |0.01% |1,763 |0.03% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Kasashen [[Tarayyar Turai|Tarayyar Turai (EU)]] {{Flagicon|European Union}} ! ! !41,836 !0.83% !137,285 !2.59% !234,363 !4.31% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Irish people in Great Britain|Ireland]]{{Flagicon|Ireland}} |22,773 |0.46% |21,774 |0.43% |22,952 |0.43% |22,083 |0.41% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran kasashe membobin EU (sun shiga kafin 2001) {{Flag|EU}} | | | | |59,031 |1.11% | | |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Poles in the United Kingdom|Poland]]{{Flagicon|Poland}} |3,623 |0.07% |2,505 |0.05% |55,231 |1.04% |75,351 |1.39% |- | style="text-align:left" |EU Sauran kasashe membobin (sun shiga bayan 2001) {{Flag|EU}} | | | | |78,254 |1.48% | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Kasashen da ba na Burtaniya ba / Tarayyar Turai ! ! ! ! ! ! !320,520 !5.89% |- | | | | | | | | | |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''4,998,567''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,062,011''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,295,403''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,439,842''' |'''100.00%''' |- |} Adadin mutanen da ke zaune a Scotland da aka haifa a waje da Burtaniya ya kasance 10.2% a 2022, idan aka kwatanta da 7.0% a 2011, 3.8% a 2001 da 3.0% a 1991. Da ke ƙasa akwai ƙungiyoyi goma sha biyar mafi girma a ƙasashen waje a Scotland bisa ga ƙidayar shekara ta 2022, tare da ƙididdigar da ta gabata guda uku.<ref name="CountryBirth_22"/> {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |Kasar haihuwar ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2022<ref name="CountryBirth_22"/> ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2011 ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2001 ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991"/> |- |[[Poles in the United Kingdom|Poland]]{{Flagicon|Poland}} | style="text-align:right" |75,351 | style="text-align:right" |55,231 | style="text-align:right" |2,505 | style="text-align:right" |3,623 |- |{{Flag|India}} | style="text-align:right" |37,729 | style="text-align:right" |23,489 | style="text-align:right" |10,523 | style="text-align:right" |9,006 |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | style="text-align:right" |28,891 | style="text-align:right" |20,039 | style="text-align:right" |12,645 | style="text-align:right" |9,411 |- |[[Americans in the United Kingdom|Amurka]]{{Flagicon|USA}} | style="text-align:right" |23,863 | style="text-align:right" |15,919 | style="text-align:right" |11,149 | style="text-align:right" |12,589 |- |[[Germans in the United Kingdom|Jamus]]{{Flagicon|Germany}} | style="text-align:right" |23,315 | style="text-align:right" |22,274 | style="text-align:right" |18,703 | style="text-align:right" |13,898 |- |[[Irish people in Great Britain|Ireland]]{{Flagicon|Ireland}} | style="text-align:right" |22,083 | style="text-align:right" |22,952 | style="text-align:right" |21,774 | style="text-align:right" |22,773 |- |{{Flag|China}} | style="text-align:right" |21,396 | style="text-align:right" |15,338 | style="text-align:right" |3,329 | style="text-align:right" |1,726 |- |[['Yan Najeriya na Burtaniya|Najeriya]]{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} | style="text-align:right" |21,286 | style="text-align:right" |9,458 | style="text-align:right" |1,253 | style="text-align:right" |854 |- |[[South Africans in the United Kingdom|Afirka ta Kudu]]{{Flagicon|South Africa}} | style="text-align:right" |15,253 | style="text-align:right" |10,607 | style="text-align:right" |7,803 | style="text-align:right" |1,427 |- |[[Italians in the United Kingdom|Italiya]]{{Flagicon|Italy}} | style="text-align:right" |14,486 | style="text-align:right" |6,048 | style="text-align:right" |4,936 | style="text-align:right" |3,947 |- |[[Spaniards in the United Kingdom|Spain]]{{Flagicon|Spain}} | style="text-align:right" |12,208 | style="text-align:right" |4,908 | style="text-align:right" |2,555 | style="text-align:right" |1,042 |- |[[Romanians in the United Kingdom|Romania]]{{Flagicon|Romania}} | style="text-align:right" |12,102 | style="text-align:right" |2,387 | style="text-align:right" |327 | style="text-align:right" |122 |- |[[Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom|Hong Kong]]{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} | style="text-align:right" |11,901 | style="text-align:right" |7,586 | style="text-align:right" |7,068 | style="text-align:right" |5,910 |- |[[Canadians in the United Kingdom|Kanada]]{{Flagicon|Canada}} | style="text-align:right" |9,920 | style="text-align:right" |9,435 | style="text-align:right" |8,569 | style="text-align:right" |7,956 |- |[[Australians in the United Kingdom|Ostiraliya]]{{Flagicon|Australia}} | style="text-align:right" |9,575 | style="text-align:right" |8,279 | style="text-align:right" |7,555 | style="text-align:right" |5,047 |- !Gabaɗaya - duk an haife su a ƙasashen waje ! style="text-align:right" |554,883 ! style="text-align:right" |369,284 ! style="text-align:right" |191,571 ! style="text-align:right" |148,987 |- |} == Shekaru == [[Fayil:Scotland_population_pyramid_from_1981_to_projected_pyramid_in_2043.gif|thumb|200x200px|Pyramid na yawan jama'a daga 1981 zuwa pyramid da aka tsara a cikin 2043]] 9Rarraba shekarun da suka danganci ƙididdigar 2011 kamar haka. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekaru !Yawan jama'a !% na jimlar |- |0–4 |293,000 |5.53 |- |5–9 |270,000 |5.10 |- |10–14 |292,000 |5.51 |- |15–19 |331,000 |6.25 |- |20–24 |364,000 |6.87 |- |25–29 |346,000 |6.53 |- |30–34 |322,000 |6.08 |- |35–39 |340,000 |6.42 |- |40–44 |394,000 |7.44 |- |45–49 |411,000 |7.76 |- |50–54 |376,000 |7.10 |- |55–59 |331,000 |6.25 |- |60–64 |337,000 |6.35 |- |65–69 |262,000 |4.98 |- |70–74 |221,000 |4.17 |- |75–79 |178,000 |3.36 |- |80–84 |123,000 |2.32 |- |85–89 |71,000 |1.34 |- |90+ |37,000 |0.70 |} == Ƙabilar == [[Fayil:Ethnic_demography_of_Scotland_from_1981_–_2011.gif|thumb|200x200px|Yawan jama'a na Scotland 1981 - 2011]] Ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sun rubuta kabilun da suka biyo baya: {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'a na Scotland[[Fayil:Flag_of_Scotland.svg|20x20px]] ! rowspan="2" |Ƙungiyar kabilanci ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1971 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1981 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Equality |first=Commission for Racial |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 3}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |1991 ! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939 |access-date=6 September 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008052918/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011 ! colspan="2" |2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en}}</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Fararen fata: Gabaɗaya !- !99.6% !4,908,140 !99.1% !4,935,933 !98.9% !4,960,334 !97.99% !5,084,407 !96.02% !5,051,875 !92.87% |- | style="text-align:left" |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Scotland | - | - | - | - | - | - |4,459,071 |88.09% |4,445,678 |83.95% |4,226,965 |77.70% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Sauran Burtaniya | - | - | - | - | - | - |373,685 |7.38% |417,109 |7.88% |510,354 |9.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |Fararen: Irish | - | - | - | - | - | - |49,428 |0.98% |54,090 |1.02% |56,877 |1.05% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Gypsy / Mai Tafiya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |4,212 |0.08% |3,343 |0.06% |- | style="text-align:left" |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Poland<ref group="note" name="auto" /> | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |61,201 |1.16% |90,736 |1.67% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Sauran | - | - | - | - | - | - |78,150 |1.54% |102,117 |1.93% |163,600 |3.01% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Total !- !- !- !- !42,852 !0.86% !71,317 !1.41% !140,678 !2.66% !212,022 !3.90% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Indiya | - | - | - | - |10,050 |0.20% |15,037 |0.30% |32,706 |0.62% |52,951 |0.97% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Pakistani'Yan Pakistan | - | - | - | - |21,192 |0.42% |31,793 |0.63% |49,381 |0.93% |72,871 |1.34% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Bangladesh | - | - | - | - |1,134 |0.02% |1,981 |0.04% |3,788 |0.07% |6,934 |0.13% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Sinanci | - | - | - | - |10,476 |0.21% |16,310 |0.32% |33,706 |0.64% |47,075 |0.87% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Asiya SauranSauran Asiya | - | - | - | - |4,604 |0.09% |6,196 |0.12% |21,097 |0.40% |32,187 |0.59% |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Baƙar fata]], Baƙar fata na Scotland ko Baƙar fata na Burtaniya !- !- !- !- !3,707 !0.07% !6,247 !0.12% !- !- !- !- |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !29,638 !0.56% !58,636 !1.08% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Afirka, Afirka Scottish ko Afirka BirtaniyaBirtaniya ta Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |29,186 |0.55% |5,907 |0.11% |- | style="text-align:left" |Afirka: Sauran Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |452 |0.01% |52,729 |0.97% |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] ko Black: Total !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !6,540 !0.12% !6,778 !0.12% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |3,430 |0.06% |2,214 |0.04% |- | style="text-align:left" |Baƙar fata | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |2,380 |0.04% |546 |0.01% |- | style="text-align:left" |Caribbean ko Black: Sauran | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |730 |0.01% |4,018 |0.07% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da yawa: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !- !- !12,764 !0.25% !19,815 !0.37% !60,899 !1.12% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !8,825 !0.18% !9,571 !0.19% !14,325 !0.27% !49,632 !0.91% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Larabci<ref group="note" name="auto" /> | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |9,366 |0.18% |22,304 |0.41% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Duk wani kabilanci | - | - | - | - | - | - |9,571 |0.19% |4,959 |0.09% |27,328 |0.50% |- !Ƙananan kabilanci: Jimillar !- !0.4% !46,188 !0.9% !55,384 !1.1% !106,146 !2% !210,996 !4% !387,967 !7.1% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Jimillar: !- !100% !4,954,328 !100% !4,998,567 !100.00% !5,062,011 !100.00% !5,295,403 !100.00% !5,439,842 !100.00% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |} <references group="note" /> === Kabilanci na ɗaliban makaranta === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="3" |Ƙungiyar kabilanci ! colspan="10" |Shekarar makaranta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pupil census: supplementary statistics |url=http://www.gov.scot/publications/pupil-census-supplementary-statistics/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=gov.scot |language=en}}</ref> |- ! colspan="2" |2004 ! colspan="2" |2008 ! colspan="2" |2012 ! colspan="2" |2016 ! colspan="2" |2021 |- !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% |- | | | | | | | | | | | |- !Fararen fata: Gabaɗaya !671,029 !92.7% !633,230 !92.9% !622,722 !92.8% !624,363 !91.3% !624,821 !88.7% |- |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Scotland | rowspan="2" |663,007 | rowspan="2" |91.7% | rowspan="2" |618,829 | rowspan="2" |90.8% |579,136 |86.3% |555,476 |81.1% |537,004 |76.2% |- |White: Sauran Burtaniya |21,163 |3.1% |34,580 |5% |  44,842&nbsp; |6.4% |- |Fararen: Irish | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    1,499&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |Fararen: Yaren mutanen Poland | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  16,790&nbsp; |2.4% |- |White: Matafiyi / Gypsy | - | - | - | - |864 | |1,121 | |    1,435&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |White: Sauran |8,022 | |14,401 | |21,559 | |33,186 | |  23,251&nbsp; |3.3% |- !Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Total !15,053 !2.1% !18,213 !2.7% !21,955 !3.3% !26,660 !3.9% !33,161 !4.8% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Indiya |2,163 | |2,825 | |3,930 | |    5,378&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    7,442&nbsp;&nbsp; |1.1% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Pakistan'Yan Pakistan |8,683 | |9,850 | |11,430 | |  12,980&nbsp; | |  14,771&nbsp; |2.1% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Bangladesh |473 | |541 | |714 | |       908&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    1,359&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Sinanci |2,202 | |2,248 | |2,637 | |    3,707&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    4,922&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.7% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Sauran Asiya |1,532 | |2,749 | |3,244 | |    3,687&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    4,667&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.7% |- ![[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Jimillar !1,529 !0.2% !2,815 !0.4% !4,257 !0.6% !6,555 !0.9% !10,295 !1.4% |- |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Afirka, Afirka Scottish ko Afirka BirtaniyaBirtaniya ta Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    6,556&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.9% |- |Afirka: Sauran Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    3,739&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.5% |- ![[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] ko Black: Total !595 !- !586 !- !708 !0.1% !1,033 !0.1% !1,429 !0.2% |- |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] / Black: Scottish |105 | |126 | | - | - | - | - |       930&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.1% |- |Caribbean ko Black: Sauran |490 | |460 | | - | - | - | - |       499&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.1% |- !Haɗe-haɗe: Jimillar !4,814 !0.6% !6,146 !0.9% !6,956 !1% !8,408 !1.2% !  11,533&nbsp; !1.6% |- !Sauran: Jimillar !2,500 !0.3% !3,005 !0.4% !3,034 !0.4% !5,250 !0.7% !8,608 !1.2 |- |Sauran: Duk wani kabilanci | - | - | - | - |2,346 | |3,118 | |    4,523&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.6% |- |Sauran: Larabci | - | - | - | - |688 | |2,132 | |    4,085&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.6% |- !Ba a sani ba ko ba a bayyana ba !27,074 !3.7% !16,467 !2.4% !11,330 !1.7% !  11,939&nbsp; !1.7% !  14,876&nbsp; !2.1% |- | | | | | | | | | | | |- !Jimillar: !723,175 !100% !681,277 !100% !670,962 !100% !684,208 !100% !704,723 !100% |} == Bayyanawa ta ƙasa == [[Fayil:Scottish_only_identity_by_council_area.svg|right|thumb|301x301px|Taswirar da ke nuna yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin "Scottish kawai" bisa ga ƙidayar 2011.]] [[Fayil:Scottish_and_British_and_British_identity_only_by_council_area.svg|right|thumb|301x301px|Taswirar da ke nuna yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin "Scottish da British" da "British kawai" bisa ga ƙidayar 2011.]] An tambayi tambaya game da asalin ƙasa a cikin ƙidayar shekara ta 2011: "me kuke jin shine asalin ƙasarku?". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Questionnaire used in Scotland's 2011 census |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/Householdpre-addressed27_05_10specimen.pdf |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |page=9 |quote=What do you feel is your national identity?}}</ref> Masu amsawa za su iya bayyana kansu a matsayin masu mallakar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya. * 62% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish kawai' * 18% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' da 'British' * Kashi 8% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Birtaniya kawai' * 2% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' tare da sauran wadanda ba na Burtaniya ba * 10% sun bayyana kansu tare da wasu asalin ƙasa / kabilanci kawai (ba na Scotland ko na Burtaniya ba) Yankunan majalisa tare da akalla kashi 90% na yawan jama'a da ke nuna wasu 'Scottish' asalin ƙasar sune Arewacin Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, Gabashin Ayrshire da Yammacin Dunbartonshire. Mafi ƙarancin mutanen da ke bayyana wasu 'Scottish' sun kasance a Edinburgh (70%) da Aberdeen (75%). <ref name="nationalidentity">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011 - Analysis: National Identity |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/03/7340/16 |access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> Yankunan majalisa tare da mafi girman rabo na mutanen da ke bayyana 'Birtaniya' a matsayin asalin ƙasarsu kawai sune Argyll da Bute da Shetland, kowannensu yana da kashi 12%.<ref name="nationalidentity"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" !Yankin majalisa !Yaren Scotland kawai !Yaren Scotland da na Burtaniya kawai !Birtaniya kawai !Sauran asalin Burtaniya !Scottish da duk wani ainihi !Sauran kawai |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Aberdeen |54.7% |17.7% |8.3% |4.7% |2.5% |12.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Aberdeenshire |61.3% |17.7% |9.0% |6.7% |1.9% |3.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Angus |66.8% |17.8% |7.2% |4.4% |1.6% |2.2% |- | style="text-align:left" |Argyll da Bute |57.4% |17.2% |11.6% |8.9% |2.4% |2.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Clackmannanshire |67.0% |17.6% |7.4% |4.3% |1.6% |2.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Dumfries da Galloway |59.6% |16.7% |10.1% |9.7% |2.0% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Dundee |65.5% |16.6% |6.5% |3.6% |1.8% |6.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Ayrshire |70.6% |18.7% |5.7% |2.9% |1.2% |0.9% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Dunbartonshire |60.2% |24.7% |8.7% |2.7% |1.9% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Lothian |62.6% |18.9% |8.6% |4.6% |2.0% |3.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Renfrewshire |59.0% |25.6% |9.4% |2.4% |1.9% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Edinburgh, Birnin |48.8% |18.5% |11.4% |6.7% |3.2% |11.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Na h-Eileanan Siar |69.2% |14.3% |8.1% |5.4% |1.5% |1.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Falkirk |68.0% |19.7% |6.3% |2.7% |1.3% |2.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Fife |63.8% |18.2% |7.9% |5.1% |1.8% |3.2% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow|Birnin Glasgow]] |61.9% |16.1% |8.6% |2.9% |2.2% |8.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |Highland |61.5% |15.2% |10.2% |7.6% |2.3% |3.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |Inverclyde |69.9% |19.7% |6.3% |1.9% |1.1% |1.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Midlothian |68.3% |18.2% |6.8% |3.2% |1.5% |2.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Moray |58.4% |15.9% |10.9% |10.0% |2.1% |2.7% |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Ayrshire |68.2% |19.4% |6.8% |3.2% |1.3% |1.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Lanarkshire |71.6% |18.1% |5.9% |1.5% |1.2% |1.7% |- | style="text-align:left" |Orkney |62.4% |13.8% |10.8% |9.8% |1.6% |1.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Perth da Kinross |59.0% |18.9% |9.5% |6.0% |2.3% |4.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire]] |65.9% |21.0% |7.3% |2.0% |1.3% |2.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Scotland |57.7% |16.9% |10.7% |9.2% |2.6% |2.9% |- | style="text-align:left" |Shetland |59.9% |15.7% |11.6% |7.6% |1.8% |3.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Ayrshire |63.9% |21.0% |7.6% |4.3% |1.6% |1.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Lanarkshire |67.2% |20.5% |6.9% |2.3% |1.3% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Stirling |57.5% |20.0% |9.6% |5.8% |2.5% |4.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Dunbartonshire |72.0% |17.3% |6.0% |2.0% |1.1% |1.5% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Lothian |65.2% |18.8% |7.6% |3.4% |1.6% |3.4% |} == Addini == [[Fayil:Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png|thumb|371x371px|Kashi da ke da'awar zama Roman Katolika a cikin ƙidayar 2011 a Scotland]] Kididdigar daga ƙididdigar 2022, 2011 da 2001 an tsara su a ƙasa. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Addinin yanzu ! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="scotland2001">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2006 |title=Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607092428/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |access-date=15 August 2011 |publisher=The Scottish Government}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011&nbsp;– Table KS209SCb |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf |access-date=26 September 2013 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}.</ref><ref name="census2011detail">{{Cite web |title=Religion (detailed) |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf |access-date=12 April 2015 |website=Scotland's Census 2011 |publisher=National Records of Scotland}} The census choices were None, Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic, Other Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Hindu, and Another religion or body. Those answering Other Christian or Another religion were asked to write which one.</ref> ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census_Scot">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2024 |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=Scotland's Census |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]]}} [https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by Alternative URL] 'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Religion'</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- |Kiristanci | style="text-align:right" |3,294,545 | style="text-align:right" |65.1 | style="text-align:right" |2,850,199 | style="text-align:right" |53.8 | style="text-align:right" |2,110,405 | style="text-align:right" |38.8 |- | -Cocin Scotland | style="text-align:right" |2,146,251 | style="text-align:right" |42.4 | style="text-align:right" |1,717,871 | style="text-align:right" |32.4 | style="text-align:right" |1,107,796 | style="text-align:right" |20.4 |- | - Roman Katolika | style="text-align:right" |803,732 | style="text-align:right" |15.9 | style="text-align:right" |841,053 | style="text-align:right" |15.9 | style="text-align:right" |723,322 | style="text-align:right" |13.3 |- | -Wani Kirista | style="text-align:right" |344,562 | style="text-align:right" |6.8 | style="text-align:right" |291,275 | style="text-align:right" |5.5 | style="text-align:right" |279,287 | style="text-align:right" |5.1 |- |Musulunci | style="text-align:right" |42,557 | style="text-align:right" |0.8 | style="text-align:right" |76,737 | style="text-align:right" |1.4 | style="text-align:right" |119,872 | style="text-align:right" |2.2 |- |Addinin Hindu | style="text-align:right" |5,564 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |16,379 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 | style="text-align:right" |29,929 | style="text-align:right" |0.6 |- |Addinin Buddha | style="text-align:right" |6,830 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |12,795 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 | style="text-align:right" |15,501 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 |- |Addinin Sikh | style="text-align:right" |6,572 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |9,055 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 | style="text-align:right" |10,988 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 |- |Addinin Yahudanci | style="text-align:right" |6,448 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |5,887 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |5,847 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 |- |Albarka{{Efn|New category created for the 2022 census}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}} | style="text-align:right" |19,113 | style="text-align:right" |0.4 |- |Sauran addinai | style="text-align:right" |26,974 | style="text-align:right" |0.5 | style="text-align:right" |15,196 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 | style="text-align:right" |12,425 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 |- |Babu Addini | style="text-align:right" |1,394,460 | style="text-align:right" |27.6 | style="text-align:right" |1,941,116 | style="text-align:right" |36.7 | style="text-align:right" |2,780,900 | style="text-align:right" |51.1 |- |Addinin da ba a bayyana ba | style="text-align:right" |278,061 | style="text-align:right" |5.5 | style="text-align:right" |368,039 | style="text-align:right" |7.0 | style="text-align:right" |334,862 | style="text-align:right" |6.2 |- |Yawan jama'a | style="text-align:right" |5,062,011 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 | style="text-align:right" |5,295,403 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 | style="text-align:right" |5,439,842 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 |} == Harsuna ==   Ingilishi shine harshe da aka fi magana a Scotland. Harsuna biyu na yanki na Scotland, Gaelic na Scotland da na zamani, ana kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar [[Turanci]] don Harsunan yanki ko Ƙananan Harsuna. An rubuta ƙwarewa a cikin waɗannan harsuna ga waɗanda suka kai shekaru uku da sama a cikin ƙididdigar Burtaniya ta 2021 kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Gaelic na Scotland ! colspan="2" |'Yan Scotland <ref name=":0" /> |- !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa |5,164,702 |97.54% |2,850,204 |53.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa |130,161 |2.46% |2,444,659 |46.17% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |69,701 |1.32% |1,508,540 |28.49% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |43,807 |0.83% |1,176,255 |22.22% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu |46,404 |0.88% |722,593 |13.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu |18,264 |0.34% |174,252 |3.29% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |7,630 |0.14% |158,033 |2.98% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu |10,788 |0.20% |193,302 |3.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa |3,268 |0.06% |20,224 |0.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'ar Scotland ta hanyar iyawa a cikin Gaelic na Scotland, 1991-2022 ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1991 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2001 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2011 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2022 |- !Mazauna al'ada masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna al'ada masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa | | |4,808,096 |98.11% |5,031,167 |98.30% |5,164,702 |97.54% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa | | |92,396 |1.89% |87,056 |1.70% |130,161 |2.46% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |65,978 |1.37% |58,652 |1.20% |57,602 |1.13% |69,701 |1.32% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |29,450 |0.61% |31,218 |0.64% |32,191 |0.63% |43,807 |0.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu | | |26,722 |0.55% |23,357 |0.46% |46,404 |0.88% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu | | |19,181 |0.39% |18,966 |0.37% |18,264 |0.34% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |9,426 |0.20% |7,934 |0.16% |6,218 |0.12% |7,630 |0.14% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu | | |4,744 |0.10% |4,646 |0.09% |10,788 |0.20% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa | | |2,597 |0.05% |1,678 |0.03% |3,268 |0.06% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''4,809,698''' |'''100.00%''' |'''4,900,492''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,118,223''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'ar Scotland ta hanyar iyawa a cikin Scots, 2011-2022 ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2011 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scots |url=https://www.gov.scot/policies/languages/scots/#:~:text=The%20Scots%20language%20is%20an,read%2C%20write%20or%20understand%20Scots. |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Scottish Government}}</ref> |- !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa |3,188,779 |62.30% |2,850,204 |53.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa |1,929,444 |37.70% |2,444,659 |46.17% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |1,541,693 |30.12% |1,508,540 |28.49% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |1,225,622 |23.95% |1,176,255 |22.22% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu |267,412 |5.22% |722,593 |13.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu |179,295 |3.50% |174,252 |3.29% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |132,709 |2.59% |158,033 |2.98% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu |107,025 |2.09% |193,302 |3.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa |17,381 |0.34% |20,224 |0.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''5,118,223''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |}   Fiye da harsuna 170 ana magana da su a Scotland. Harsunan 4 da aka fi magana da su ba na Turanci ba a gida (ta mutanen da ke da shekaru 3 da sama) sune: Scots (55,817), Polish (54,186), Sinanci (27,381), da Urdu (23,394). == Tarihin jama'a == [[Fayil:Knapofhowarinsun.jpg|right|thumb|Gidajen dutse a Knap na Howar, shaidar yawan manoma da kuma farkon ci gaban yawan jama'a, c. 3500 BC]] a wasu lokuta a lokacin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki na ƙarshe (130,000-70,000 BC) Turai tana da yanayin zafi fiye da na yau, kuma ɗan adam na farko mai yiwuwa sun yi hanyarsu zuwa yankin Scotland a yanzu, kodayake masu binciken kayan tarihi ba su sami wata alama ba.  Glaciers sai suka zazzaga hanyarsu a cikin mafi yawan Biritaniya, kuma bayan da ƙanƙara ta ja da baya ne Scotland ta sake zama wurin zama, kusan 9600 BC.] Mafarautan mafarauci sun kafa sansani na farko da aka sani, kuma masu binciken archaeologists sun yi kwanan wata wani wuri kusa da Biggar zuwa kusan 8500 BC.  antlers, mai yiwuwa tare da ƙarancin yawan jama'a.] Noman Neolithic ya kawo matsuguni na dindindin, kamar gidan dutse a Knap na Howar akan Papa Westray wanda ya kasance daga 3500 BC, da kuma yawan yawan jama'a.  Bincike mai zurfi na Black Loch a cikin Fife yana nuna cewa ƙasar noma ta bazu a cikin kuɗaɗen daji daga kusan 2000 BC har zuwa lokacin ƙarni na farko AD Romawa sun ci gaba zuwa cikin ƙasan Scotland, yana ba da shawarar faɗaɗa mazauna.  Bayan haka, an sake yin girma na birch, itacen oak da hazel na tsawon ƙarni biyar, wanda ke nuna cewa mamayewar Romawa ya yi mummunan tasiri ga yawan mutanen ƙasar..<ref>T. C. Smout, R. MacDonald and F. Watson, ''A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland 1500–1920. Edinburgh University Press'' {{ISBN|9780748632947}}, p. 34.</ref> Akwai kusan babu rubuce-rubuce da za a sake gina yawan jama'a na farkon tsakiyar Scotland. An kiyasta yawan mazauna 10,000 a Dál Riata da 80-100,000 na Pictland, wanda mai yiwuwa shine mafi girman yankin.<ref name="Lang2006pp21-2">L. R. Laing, ''The Archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. AD 400-1200'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), {{ISBN|0521547407}}, pp. 21–22.</ref> Wannan bai haɗa da adadi ga sassan Northumbria yanzu a Scotland ba. Wataƙila ƙarni na 5 da na 6 sun ga yawan mace-mace mafi girma saboda bayyanar annoba ta bubonic, wanda zai iya rage yawan jama'a.<ref name="Fouracre&McKitterick2005p.234">P. Fouracre and R. McKitterick, eds, ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 500-c. 700'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), {{ISBN|0521362911}}, p. 234.</ref> Binciken wuraren binnewa na wannan lokacin kamar na Hallowhill, St Andrews ya nuna tsawon rayuwa na 26-29 kawai.<ref name="Lang2006pp21-2" /> An dauki sanannun yanayi don ba da shawarar cewa yana da yawan haihuwa, yawan mace-mace, kamar kasashe masu tasowa da yawa a duniyar zamani, tare da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta matasa, kuma watakila haihuwa da wuri, da kuma yawan yara ga mata. Wannan zai nufin cewa akwai ƙananan ma'aikatan da ke akwai ga yawan bakuna don ciyarwa. Wannan zai sa ya zama da wahala a samar da wadata wanda zai ba da damar ci gaban jama'a da al'ummomi masu rikitarwa don bunkasa.<ref name="Woolf2007pp17-20">A. Woolf, ''From Pictland to Alba: 789–1070'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), {{ISBN|0748612343}}, pp. 17–20.</ref> Daga kafa Masarautar Alba a karni na goma, zuwa kafin [[Black Death]] ya kai kasar a cikin 1349, kimantawa bisa ga adadin ƙasar da za a iya magani, ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a na iya girma daga rabin miliyan zuwa miliyan. Kodayake babu wani abin dogaro da takardu game da tasirin annoba, akwai nassoshi da yawa game da ƙasar da aka watsar a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya. Idan tsarin ya biyo bayan hakan a Ingila, to yawan jama'a na iya faduwa zuwa rabin miliyan a ƙarshen karni na 15.<ref name="Rigby2003p109-11">S. H. Rigby, ed., ''A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages'' (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), {{ISBN|0631217851}}, pp. 109–11.</ref> Idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki bayan sake rarraba yawan jama'a a cikin bayanan da aka yi da kuma juyin juya halin masana'antu, waɗannan lambobin za a yadu daidai a kan masarautar, tare da kusan rabin da ke zaune a arewacin Tay.<ref>J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), {{ISBN|0748602763}}, p. 61.</ref> Wataƙila kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a sun zauna a ɗaya daga cikin birane da yawa waɗanda suka girma a ƙarshen zamani, galibi a gabas da kudu. An ba da shawarar cewa za su sami matsakaicin yawan jama'a kusan 2,000, amma da yawa za su kasance karami fiye da 1,000 kuma mafi girma, Edinburgh, mai yiwuwa yana da yawan jama'ar sama da 10,000 a ƙarshen zamanin.<ref name="Gemmill&Mayhew1995pp8-10">E. Gemmill and N. J. Mayhew, ''Changing Values in Medieval Scotland: a Study of Prices, Money, and Weights and Measures'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), {{ISBN|0521473853}}, pp. 8-10.</ref> [[Fayil:ScotlandPop1901-2001.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna yawan mutanen Scotland 1900-2001. Tushen: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321025129/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/index.html Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900]]] Ƙididdigar da ta danganci dawowar Harajin Zuciya na shekara ta 1691 ta nuna yawan jama'a 1,234,575, amma wannan adadi na iya shafar yunwa ta 1690s. Bayani na farko da za a iya dogara da shi shine ƙididdigar da Reverend Alexander Webster ya gudanar a 1755, wanda ya nuna mazaunan Scotland a matsayin 1,265,380.<ref>K. J. Cullen, ''Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of The 1690s'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), {{ISBN|0748638873}}, pp. 123-24.</ref> A lokacin ƙididdigar shekaru goma na farko a cikin 1801, yawan jama'a ya kai 1,608,420. Scotland ta ci gaba da girma a cikin karni na 19, zuwa 2,889,000 a 1851 da 4,472,000 a 1901. Ko da tare da ci gaban masana'antu akwai isasshen ayyuka masu kyau, a sakamakon haka, a lokacin 1841-1931, kimanin Scots miliyan 2 suka yi hijira zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya, kuma wasu Scots 750,000 suka koma Ingila.<ref>R. A. Houston and W. W. Knox, eds, ''The New Penguin History of Scotland'' (London: Penguin, 2001), {{ISBN|0140263675}}, p. xxxii.</ref> Tare da yawan jama'a miliyan 4.8 a shekara ta 1911, Scotland ta aika da mutane 690,000 zuwa yakin duniya na farko, wanda 74,000 suka mutu a yakin ko kuma daga cututtuka, kuma 150,000 sun ji rauni sosai. Don haka, ko da yake Scots sun kasance kawai kashi 10 cikin 100 na al'ummar Biritaniya, sun kasance kashi 15 cikin 100 na sojojin ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe sun sami kashi 20 cikin 100 na waɗanda suka mutu.] Yayin da ƙaura ta fara shiga cikin Ingila da Wales bayan yakin duniya na farko, [4] ya ci gaba da tafiya a Scotland, tare da 400,000 Scots, kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a, tsakanin 19 da 19 da aka kiyasta sun bar ƙasar. Tashin hankali ya shiga cikin shekarun 1930s babu wani aiki mai sauƙi a cikin Amurka da Kanada kuma ƙaura ya faɗi ƙasa da 50,000 a shekara, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen lokacin ƙaura da aka buɗe a tsakiyar karni na 18. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar jama'a, wanda ya kai kololuwar 5,240,800 a cikin 1974. Daga nan kuma ta fara raguwa sannu a hankali, ta koma 5,062,940 a 2000. Haka kuma an samu raguwar wasu mazauna birane sakamakon manufofin tsugunar da jama'a, da zaftarewar jama'a, da kaura zuwa sabbin garuruwa, tare da raguwar yawan jama'a miliyan 1 daga Glas. 629,000 a shekara ta 2001. Kuma yankunan karkara sun yi asarar yawan jama'a, musamman tsaunuka da Hebrides.<ref>C. G. Brown, "Charting everyday experience", in L. Abrams and C. G. Brown, ''A History of Everyday Life in Twentieth-Century Scotland'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), {{ISBN|0748624317}}, p. 20.</ref>{{Clear}} == Canjin yawan jama'a == [[Fayil:Wfm_buchanan_street.jpg|right|thumb|Mutanen da ke titin Buchanan a [[Glasgow]]. Jama'ar Scotland suna tsufa yayin da yawancin jarirai ke kusa yin ritaya.]] Yawan mutanen Scotland ya karu mafi yawan shekaru tsakanin ƙidayar farko a 1855 har zuwa kusan miliyan 5.2 a 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Population Estimates Time Series Data |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates/population-estimates-time-series-data |access-date=2020-09-01 |archive-date=2012-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028141744/http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2009/births-increase-for-the-sixth-consecutive-year.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, daga 1974 zuwa 2000 akwai raguwar yawan jama'a, tare da yawan [[Mutuwa]] da aka yi a kan haihuwa da kuma ƙaura a kan shige da fice - musamman ga sauran [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]]. Tun daga shekara ta 2000 yawan jama'a ya karu mafi yawan shekaru kuma an yi hasashen zai kai kololuwa a cikin 2028 a miliyan 5.48 sannan daga baya ya ragu zuwa miliyan 5.39 a cikin 2045.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Projected Population of Scotland (2018-based) |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2018-based |access-date=2020-09-01 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001223202/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2018-based |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawan yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5 ya karu da kashi 6% (293,000) a cikin shekaru goma tsakanin 2001 da 2011. Koyaya, yawan yara masu shekaru 5-14 sun ragu da 11% (69,000). Yawan mutanen da suka wuce 65 sun karu da kashi 11% (85,000) kuma yanzu suna wakiltar kashi 17% na yawan jama'a kuma a karo na farko akwai mutane da suka wuce shekaru 65 da ba su kai shekara 15 ba. Abin sha'awa, a cikin 2011 akwai mutane 230,000 sama da shekaru 80.<gallery mode="packed" caption="Fertility statistics"> Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_by_age_grouping_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women by age grouping in Scotland Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_in_single_year_ages_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women in single year ages in Scotland Fayil:Stillbirth_rate_in_Scotland_over_time.svg|Stillbirth rate in Scotland over time </gallery> === Gudun Hijira === Kididdiga ta Burtaniya ta 2021 ta yi rikodin mutane 648,418 waɗanda aka haifa a Scotland amma yanzu suna zaune a Ingila da Wales (1.1% na jimlar yawan jama'a). Kudu maso Gabashin Ingila (mutane 118,021), Arewa maso Yamma na Ingila (89,025) da Greater London (75,004) sune manyan wurare uku da suka fi fice, tare da kusan kashi 43% na al'ummar Scotland da aka haifa a Ingila da Wales. A cikin kwatankwacin ƙidayar da aka gudanar a cikin 2022, akwai 506,207 waɗanda aka haifa a Ingila da kuma mazauna Wales 18,219 da ke zaune a Scotland, jimilar 524,426 (9.6% na jimlar yawan jama'a). 'Yan siyasa da malaman jami'a sun kuma lura cewa a cikin shekarun farko na karni na 21 a baya yanayin ƙaura daga Scotland ya koma baya tare da gagarumin ƙaura zuwa Scotland daga sauran Birtaniya. Tsakanin 2001 da 2011 al'ummar Scotland sun karu da kashi 5% (233,000), mafi saurin bunƙasa aƙalla shekaru 100.] Hakazalika, tun daga shekara ta 2004 ma ana samun karuwar masu shigowa daga sabbin ƙasashe na EU kamar Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania da Latvia, wanda ke ba da gudummawar haɓakar yawan jama'a na baya-bayan nan. Sakamakon haka, tun daga 2002 a hankali yawan haihuwa ya karu tare da haihuwar 53,957 da aka rubuta a cikin 2004, kuma a cikin 2008 adadin haihuwar rai ya kasance 60,041 Tsakanin 2001 da 2022, adadin mazaunan da ba 'yan Burtaniya ba da ke zaune a Scotland ya karu daga 191,571 (jimlar 3.8% na Scotland) zuwa 3.8% na yawan mutanen Scotland. (10.2% na yawan jama'a). <ref name="CountryBirth_22" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Ƙididdigar yawan jama'ar yankin majalisar Scotland (2001 - 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Table 1: Scotland's Census 2022: Usual resident population by sex, council areas, Scotland |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates-data/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=National Records of Scotland }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br /> !Yankin majalisa !Yawan jama'a (2001) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2011) <br /> !Canjin % (2001-11) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2022) <br /> !Canjin % (2011-22) <br /> |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Aberdeen |212,125 |222,800 |5.0 |224,000 |0.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Aberdeenshire |226,871 |253,000 |11.5 |263,900 |4.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Angus |108,400 |116,000 |7.0 |114,400 |−1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Argyll da Bute |91,306 |88,200 |−3.4 |86,000 |−2.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Clackmannanshire |48,077 |51,400 |7.0 |51,800 |0.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Dumfries da Galloway |147,765 |151,300 |2.4 |145,900 |−3.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Dundee |145,663 |147,300 |1.1 |148,100 |1.7 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Ayrshire |120,235 |122,700 |2.1 |120,300 |−2 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Dunbartonshire |108,243 |105,000 |−3.0 |109,000 |3.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Lothian |90,088 |99,700 |10.7 |112,300 |12.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Renfrewshire |89,311 |90,600 |1.4 |96,800 |6.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Sort|Edinburgh|[[City of Edinburgh (council area)|City of Edinburgh]]}} |448,624 |476,600 |6.2 |512,700 |7.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Na h-Eileanan Siar |26,502 |27,700 |4.5 |26,200 |−5.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Falkirk |145,191 |156,000 |7.4 |158,400 |1.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Fife |349,429 |365,200 |4.5 |370,400 |1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow|Birnin Glasgow]] |577,869 |593,200 |2.7 |620,700 |4.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Highland |208,914 |232,100 |11.1 |235,400 |1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Inverclyde |84,203 |81,500 |−3.2 |78,400 |−3.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Midlothian |80,941 |83,200 |2.8 |96,600 |16.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Moray |86,940 |93,300 |7.3 |93,400 |0.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Ayrshire |135,817 |138,200 |1.7 |133,400 |−3.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Lanarkshire |321,067 |337,800 |5.2 |341,000 |0.9 |- | style="text-align:left" |Tsibirin Orkney |19,245 |21,400 |10.9 |22,000 |2.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Perth da Kinross |134,949 |146,700 |8.7 |150,800 |2.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire]] |172,867 |174,900 |1.2 |183,800 |5.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Scotland |106,764 |113,900 |6.7 |116,900 |2.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Tsibirin Shetland |21,988 |23,200 |5.3 |22,900 |−1.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Ayrshire |112,097 |112,800 |0.6 |111,600 |−1.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Lanarkshire |302,216 |313,800 |3.8 |327,200 |4.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Stirling |86,212 |90,200 |4.7 |92,600 |2.7 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Dunbartonshire |93,378 |90,700 |−2.8 |88,400 |−2.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Lothian |158,714 |175,100 |10.3 |181,300 |3.5 |} == Sauran kididdiga == Rarraba jima'i: ''a lokacin haihuwa:'' 1.04 namiji (s) / mace a ƙarƙashin shekaru 15: 1.04 namizi (s) *mace ''Shekaru 15-64:'' 0.94 namiji (shekaru) / mace shekaru 65 da sama: 0.88 namiji (sa) / mace jimlar yawan: 0.94 namizi (sa) *maza (Mid-2011 est.) '''Rayuwa da ake tsammani a lokacin haihuwa (2011):''' <sup class="mw-ref reference" i="">mata:-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"GROSreview2011"},"body":{"html":"<nowiki><a href=\"http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEW4\">The Registrar General’s Annual Review of Demographic Trends 157th Edition 2011</a></nowiki> <nowiki><a about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"external text\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Webarchive&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Webarchive&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20130605215518/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2013-06-05&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130605215518/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf\" id=\"mwEW8\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\">Archived</a></nowiki><nowiki><span about=\"#mwt9\" id=\"mwEXA\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"> 2013-06-05 at the </span></nowiki><nowiki><a about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"3624\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" id=\"mwEXE\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Wayback Machine</a></nowiki><nowiki><link about=\"#mwt9\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" id=\"mwEXI\" rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"></nowiki>, Accessed 10 February 2013"}}' id="cite_ref-GROSreview2011_1-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Demographics_of_Scotland#cite_note-GROSreview2011-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> ''Yawan jama'a:'' shekaru 78.4 ga waɗanda aka haifa a cikin 2010 (cf. 72.2 a cikin 1981) ''namiji:'' shekaru 76.1 ga waɗanda aka Haifa a cikin 2011 (cf. 69.1 a cikin 1981). mace: shekaru 80.6 ga waɗanda akahaifa a cikin 2013 (cf. 75.3 a cikin 198) '''Yawan haihuwa gabaɗaya:''' Yawan haihuwa gaba ɗaya (GFR) ya dogara ne akan yawan haihuwa ga mata 1000 na shekarun haihuwa (watau shekaru 15-44). A shekara ta 2011 an haifi 56.4 ga kowace mace 1000. Don kwatanta, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya kasance mafi girma a lokacin 'ƙananan yara' na shekarun 1960. GFR ta kai yawan haihuwa 99.5 ga mata 1000 a shekarar 1962. A shekara ta 2001 GFR ta fadi zuwa matakin mafi ƙasƙanci bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II na haihuwa 50 ga mata 1000. '''Harsuna:''' [[Turanci]], Scots (ciki har da Doric, Tsakiya da Yankin) da Gaelic '''Aure:''' A cikin 2011 akwai aure 29,135 a Scotland. Wannan karuwar kashi 2.3% ne a kan 2010. Ta hanyar kwatanta tarihi, mafi girma da aka taɓa samu shine 53,522 a cikin 1940. A cikin 1970s an sami matsakaita tsakanin 40 zuwa 45,000 aure a shekara.  Ƙididdigar shekara mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance 27,524 a cikin 2009 kuma mafi ƙanƙanta akan rikodin shine 19,655 a cikin 1858. Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa sune yawan abin da ake kira 'auren yawon bude ido', inda babu wani abokin tarayya da ke zaune a Scotland. A shekara ta 2011 akwai irin waɗannan auren 6,829, wanda kashi 48% ya faru a Gretna, mafi mashahuri daga duk wuraren bikin aure. Haɗin gwiwar jama'a: [1] Dokar Haɗin kai ta 2004 ta fara aiki a cikin Disamba 2005. A cikin 2006 adadin rajistar haɗin gwiwar farar hula ya kasance 1,047. Wani adadi na kashe daya da aka ba da adadin daɗaɗɗen alaƙa waɗanda suka riga sun wanzu waɗanda za a iya yin rajista. Tun daga wannan lokacin adadin bukukuwan a kowace shekara ya ragu daga 688 a 2007 zuwa rajista 465 a 2010. 2011 ya sami karuwa na farko tun 2006 tare da rajista 554. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lbxi22u7x6jqlnh7sb9duwd3xl3exrg 884958 884957 2026-07-19T16:19:11Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Fayil:Profile_of_Scotland.png|thumb|Bayanan Scotland]] '''yawan jama'a na [[Scotland]]''' ya haɗa da dukkan fannoni na yawan jama'a, na baya da na yanzu, a yankin da ke Scotland. Scotland tana da yawan mutane 5,463,300 a cikin 2019. An kiyasta yawan jama'a a cikin 2011 a matsayin 0.6% a kowace shekara bisa ga Binciken Shekara-shekara na GROS na 2011. Yana rufe yanki na kilomita 78,78 (30,418 sq , Scotland tana da yawan jama'a na {{Convert|67.2|/km2|/sqmi}} (174/sq . Kimanin kashi 70% na yawan mutanen ƙasar (miliyan 3.5) suna zaune a cikin Central Belt - yankin da ke cikin arewa maso gabas- kudu maso yamma tsakanin manyan Biranen Scotland na [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]], gami da manyan ƙauyuka na Paisley, Stirling, Falkirk, Perth da Dundee, a cikin Lowlands na Tsakiya (80%). Sauran yawan jama'a sun haɗa da gabar arewa maso gabashin Scotland, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da biranen Aberdeen da Inverness, da kuma gabar yammacin da ke kusa le garin Ayr. Highlands na Scotland da tsibirin tsibirin Eilean Siar suna da mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a a 9 / km2 (23/sq mi). Glasgow tana da mafi yawan jama'a a 3,28{{Convert|9|/km2|/sqmi}} mi). Har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, alhakin kimanta yawan mutanen Scotland, da kuma yin rikodin haihuwa, [[Mutuwa]] da [[Aure]], Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland (GROS) ne ke kula da shi, wanda Babban Rijistar na Scotland ke jagoranta. Daga 1 ga Afrilu shekara ta 2011 zuwa gaba, GROS ya haɗu da Tarihin Kasa na Scotland don zama Tarihin Kasa na Scotland. Har yanzu ana buƙatar sabon ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Dokar Rijistar Haihuwa, Mutuwa da Aure (Scotland) shekara ta 1965, don gabatar da rahoton shekara-shekara na Janar-Janar game da yanayin yawan jama'a ga Gwamnatin Scotland. Tare da sauran [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], National Records for Scotland kuma tana da alhakin gudanar da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na shekaru goma. Kwanan nan ya faru ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022. == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == === Canjin yawan jama'a a tsawon lokaci === A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, ana yin ƙidaya a kowace shekara goma daga 1801 zuwa gaba; ban da 1941 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. Bayanan yawan jama'a na shekaru da suka gabata an bayar da su daga kundin adireshi da jaridu {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Shekara !Yawan jama'a |- !1500 | style="text-align:right;" |500,000 |- !1600 | style="text-align:right;" |800,000 |- !1707 | style="text-align:right;" |1,000,000 |- !1755 | style="text-align:right;" |1,265,380 |- !1801 | style="text-align:right;" |1,608,420 |- !1811 | style="text-align:right;" |1,805,864 |- !1821 | style="text-align:right;" |2,091,521 |- !1831 | style="text-align:right;" |2,364,386 |- !1841 | style="text-align:right;" |2,620,184 |- !1851 | style="text-align:right;" |2,888,742 |- !1861 | style="text-align:right;" |3,062,294 |- !1871 | style="text-align:right;" |3,360,018 |- !1881 | style="text-align:right;" |3,735,578 |- !1891 | style="text-align:right;" |4,025,647 |- !1901 | style="text-align:right;" |4,472,103 |- !1911 | style="text-align:right;" |4,760,904 |- !1921 | style="text-align:right;" |4,882,407 |- !1931 | style="text-align:right;" |4,842,989 |- !1939^a | style="text-align:right;" |5,006,700 |- !1951 | style="text-align:right;" |5,095,969 |- !1961^b | style="text-align:right;" |5,179,000 |- !1971 | style="text-align:right;" |5,229,000 |- !1981 | style="text-align:right;" |5,035,000 |- !1991^c | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 |- !2001 | style="text-align:right;" |5,062,000 |- !2011 | style="text-align:right;" |5,295,000 |- !2022 | style="text-align:right;" |5,436,000 |} Bayani a. Babu ƙidaya a cikin Shekarar 1941 duk da haka akwai National Register of the Civilian Population a cikin 1939 {{Historical populations|1855|2978065|1860|3054738|1870|3336712|1880|3705994|1890|4003131|1900|4436958|1910|4738611|1920|4866866|1930|4828004|1940|4841241|1950|5114513|1960|5177658|1970|5213700|1980|5193900|1990|5081270|2000|5062940|2010|5262200|2020|5413100|2023|5490100}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Rounded population estimates |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140551/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! scope="col" |Shekaru ! scope="col" |1901 ! scope="col" |1931 ! scope="col" |1951 ! scope="col" |1961 !1971 !1981 !1991 !2001 ! scope="col" |2011 !2022 |- |'''Shekaru 0-14''' |33 |27 |25 |26 |25.9 |21.4 |18.9 |17.9 |16.1 |15.3 |- |'''Shekaru 15-64''' |62 |66 |65 |64 |61.8 |64.5 |65.8 |66.2 |67.1 |64.6 |- |'''Shekaru 65 da sama''' |5 |7 |10 |11 |12.3 |14.1 |15.3 |15.9 |16.8 |20.1 |- |'''Jimillar (%) ''' |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |} === Haihuwar haihuwa da mutuwa === [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Scotland.svg|thumb|Rayuwa mai tsawo a Scotland a tsawon lokaci]] '''Tebur na haihuwa da mutuwa tun daga 1900''' {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! ! style="width:80pt;" |Matsakaicin yawan jama'a ! style="width:80pt;" |Haihuwar rayuwa ! style="width:80pt;" |Mutuwa ! style="width:80pt;" |Canjin yanayi ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan haihuwa (a kowace shekara 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan mace-mace (a kowace shekara 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Canjin halitta (a kowace 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan haihuwa |- |1900 | style="text-align:right;" |4,437,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,401 | style="text-align:right;" |82,296 | style="text-align:right;" |49,105 | style="text-align:right;" |29.6 | style="text-align:right;" |18.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 |- |1901 | style="text-align:right;" |4,479,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,192 | style="text-align:right;" |80,107 | style="text-align:right;" |52,085 | style="text-align:right;" |29.5 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 |- |1902 | style="text-align:right;" |4,507,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,267 | style="text-align:right;" |77,941 | style="text-align:right;" |54,326 | style="text-align:right;" |29.4 | style="text-align:right;" |17.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 |- |1903 | style="text-align:right;" |4,536,000 | style="text-align:right;" |133,525 | style="text-align:right;" |76,002 | style="text-align:right;" |57,523 | style="text-align:right;" |29.4 | style="text-align:right;" |16.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.7 |- |1904 | style="text-align:right;" |4,564,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,603 | style="text-align:right;" |77,981 | style="text-align:right;" |54,622 | style="text-align:right;" |29.1 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 |- |1905 | style="text-align:right;" |4,593,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,410 | style="text-align:right;" |74,536 | style="text-align:right;" |56,874 | style="text-align:right;" |28.6 | style="text-align:right;" |16.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 |- |1906 | style="text-align:right;" |4,621,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,005 | style="text-align:right;" |75,635 | style="text-align:right;" |56,370 | style="text-align:right;" |28.6 | style="text-align:right;" |16.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 |- |1907 | style="text-align:right;" |4,650,000 | style="text-align:right;" |128,840 | style="text-align:right;" |77,296 | style="text-align:right;" |51,544 | style="text-align:right;" |27.7 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 |- |1908 | style="text-align:right;" |4,680,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,362 | style="text-align:right;" |77,838 | style="text-align:right;" |53,524 | style="text-align:right;" |28.1 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.4 |- |1909 | style="text-align:right;" |4,709,000 | style="text-align:right;" |128,669 | style="text-align:right;" |74,632 | style="text-align:right;" |54,037 | style="text-align:right;" |27.3 | style="text-align:right;" |15.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 |- |1910 | style="text-align:right;" |4,739,000 | style="text-align:right;" |124,059 | style="text-align:right;" |72,268 | style="text-align:right;" |51,791 | style="text-align:right;" |26.2 | style="text-align:right;" |15.2 | style="text-align:right;" |11.0 |- |1911 | style="text-align:right;" |4,751,000 | style="text-align:right;" |121,850 | style="text-align:right;" |71,732 | style="text-align:right;" |50,118 | style="text-align:right;" |25.7 | style="text-align:right;" |15.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1912 | style="text-align:right;" |4,741,000 | style="text-align:right;" |122,790 | style="text-align:right;" |72,340 | style="text-align:right;" |50,450 | style="text-align:right;" |25.9 | style="text-align:right;" |15.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1913 | style="text-align:right;" |4,728,000 | style="text-align:right;" |120,516 | style="text-align:right;" |73,069 | style="text-align:right;" |47,447 | style="text-align:right;" |25.5 | style="text-align:right;" |15.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.0 |- |1914 | style="text-align:right;" |4,747,000 | style="text-align:right;" |123,934 | style="text-align:right;" |73,557 | style="text-align:right;" |50,377 | style="text-align:right;" |26.1 | style="text-align:right;" |15.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1915 | style="text-align:right;" |4,771,000 | style="text-align:right;" |114,181 | style="text-align:right;" |81,631 | style="text-align:right;" |32,550 | style="text-align:right;" |23.9 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.8 |- |1916 | style="text-align:right;" |4,795,000 | style="text-align:right;" |109,942 | style="text-align:right;" |70,640 | style="text-align:right;" |39,302 | style="text-align:right;" |22.9 | style="text-align:right;" |14.7 | style="text-align:right;" |8.2 |- |1917 | style="text-align:right;" |4,810,000 | style="text-align:right;" |97,441 | style="text-align:right;" |69,483 | style="text-align:right;" |27,958 | style="text-align:right;" |20.2 | style="text-align:right;" |14.4 | style="text-align:right;" |5.8 |- |1918 | style="text-align:right;" |4,812,000 | style="text-align:right;" |98,554 | style="text-align:right;" |78,372 | style="text-align:right;" |20,182 | style="text-align:right;" |20.5 | style="text-align:right;" |16.3 | style="text-align:right;" |4.2 |- |1919 | style="text-align:right;" |4,820,000 | style="text-align:right;" |106,268 | style="text-align:right;" |75,149 | style="text-align:right;" |31,119 | style="text-align:right;" |22.1 | style="text-align:right;" |15.6 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1920 | style="text-align:right;" |4,864,000 | style="text-align:right;" |136,546 | style="text-align:right;" |68,179 | style="text-align:right;" |68,367 | style="text-align:right;" |28.1 | style="text-align:right;" |14.0 | style="text-align:right;" |14.1 |- |1921 | style="text-align:right;" |4,882,000 | style="text-align:right;" |123,201 | style="text-align:right;" |66,210 | style="text-align:right;" |56,991 | style="text-align:right;" |25.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 |- |1922 | style="text-align:right;" |4,898,000 | style="text-align:right;" |115,085 | style="text-align:right;" |72,905 | style="text-align:right;" |42,180 | style="text-align:right;" |23.5 | style="text-align:right;" |14.9 | style="text-align:right;" |8.6 |- |1923 | style="text-align:right;" |4,888,000 | style="text-align:right;" |111,902 | style="text-align:right;" |63,283 | style="text-align:right;" |48,619 | style="text-align:right;" |22.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |9.9 |- |1924 | style="text-align:right;" |4,862,000 | style="text-align:right;" |106,900 | style="text-align:right;" |70,357 | style="text-align:right;" |36,543 | style="text-align:right;" |22.0 | style="text-align:right;" |14.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.5 |- |1925 | style="text-align:right;" |4,867,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,137 | style="text-align:right;" |65,507 | style="text-align:right;" |38,630 | style="text-align:right;" |21.4 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1926 | style="text-align:right;" |4,864,000 | style="text-align:right;" |102,449 | style="text-align:right;" |63,780 | style="text-align:right;" |38,669 | style="text-align:right;" |21.1 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1927 | style="text-align:right;" |4,853,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,672 | style="text-align:right;" |65,830 | style="text-align:right;" |30,842 | style="text-align:right;" |19.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.6 | style="text-align:right;" |6.4 |- |1928 | style="text-align:right;" |4,848,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,822 | style="text-align:right;" |65,271 | style="text-align:right;" |31,551 | style="text-align:right;" |20.0 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1929 | style="text-align:right;" |4,832,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,880 | style="text-align:right;" |70,917 | style="text-align:right;" |21,963 | style="text-align:right;" |19.2 | style="text-align:right;" |14.7 | style="text-align:right;" |4.6 |- |1930 | style="text-align:right;" |4,828,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,549 | style="text-align:right;" |64,285 | style="text-align:right;" |30,264 | style="text-align:right;" |19.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1931 | style="text-align:right;" |4,843,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,220 | style="text-align:right;" |64,229 | style="text-align:right;" |27,991 | style="text-align:right;" |19.0 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |5.8 |- |1932 | style="text-align:right;" |4,883,000 | style="text-align:right;" |91,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,045 | style="text-align:right;" |24,955 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1933 | style="text-align:right;" |4,912,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,546 | style="text-align:right;" |64,848 | style="text-align:right;" |21,698 | style="text-align:right;" |17.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.4 |- |1934 | style="text-align:right;" |4,934,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,836 | style="text-align:right;" |63,741 | style="text-align:right;" |25,095 | style="text-align:right;" |18.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1935 | style="text-align:right;" |4,953,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,928 | style="text-align:right;" |65,331 | style="text-align:right;" |22,597 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.6 |- |1936 | style="text-align:right;" |4,966,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,928 | style="text-align:right;" |66,749 | style="text-align:right;" |22,179 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.4 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1937 | style="text-align:right;" |4,977,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,810 | style="text-align:right;" |68,942 | style="text-align:right;" |18,868 | style="text-align:right;" |17.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.9 | style="text-align:right;" |3.8 |- |1938 | style="text-align:right;" |4,993,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,627 | style="text-align:right;" |62,953 | style="text-align:right;" |25,674 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1939 | style="text-align:right;" |5,007,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,913 | style="text-align:right;" |64,413 | style="text-align:right;" |22,500 | style="text-align:right;" |17.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1940 | style="text-align:right;" |5,065,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,392 | style="text-align:right;" |72,775 | style="text-align:right;" |13,617 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |14.9 | style="text-align:right;" |2.2 |- |1941 | style="text-align:right;" |5,160,000 | style="text-align:right;" |89,748 | style="text-align:right;" |72,558 | style="text-align:right;" |17,190 | style="text-align:right;" |17.4 | style="text-align:right;" |14.6 | style="text-align:right;" |2.8 |- |1942 | style="text-align:right;" |5,174,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,703 | style="text-align:right;" |64,963 | style="text-align:right;" |25,740 | style="text-align:right;" |17.5 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.3 |- |1943 | style="text-align:right;" |5,189,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,669 | style="text-align:right;" |66,733 | style="text-align:right;" |27,936 | style="text-align:right;" |18.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.4 |- |1944 | style="text-align:right;" |5,210,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,920 | style="text-align:right;" |64,603 | style="text-align:right;" |31,317 | style="text-align:right;" |18.4 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |4.9 |- |1945 | style="text-align:right;" |5,187,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,924 | style="text-align:right;" |62,655 | style="text-align:right;" |24,269 | style="text-align:right;" |16.8 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |3.7 |- |1946 | style="text-align:right;" |5,167,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,413 | style="text-align:right;" |64,605 | style="text-align:right;" |39,808 | style="text-align:right;" |20.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1947 | style="text-align:right;" |5,120,000 | style="text-align:right;" |113,147 | style="text-align:right;" |66,200 | style="text-align:right;" |46,947 | style="text-align:right;" |22.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |9.2 |- |1948 | style="text-align:right;" |5,150,000 | style="text-align:right;" |100,344 | style="text-align:right;" |60,979 | style="text-align:right;" |39,365 | style="text-align:right;" |19.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |7.6 |- |1949 | style="text-align:right;" |5,156,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,674 | style="text-align:right;" |63,488 | style="text-align:right;" |32,186 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |6.2 |- |1950 | style="text-align:right;" |5,168,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,530 | style="text-align:right;" |63,996 | style="text-align:right;" |28,534 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |5.5 |- |1951 | style="text-align:right;" |5,102,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,639 | style="text-align:right;" |65,778 | style="text-align:right;" |24,861 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.9 |- |1952 | style="text-align:right;" |5,101,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,422 | style="text-align:right;" |61,510 | style="text-align:right;" |28,912 | style="text-align:right;" |17.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |5.7 |- |1953 | style="text-align:right;" |5,100,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,913 | style="text-align:right;" |58,878 | style="text-align:right;" |32,035 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1954 | style="text-align:right;" |5,104,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,315 | style="text-align:right;" |61,380 | style="text-align:right;" |30,935 | style="text-align:right;" |18.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |6.1 |- |1955 | style="text-align:right;" |5,111,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,539 | style="text-align:right;" |61,645 | style="text-align:right;" |30,894 | style="text-align:right;" |18.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.0 |- |1956 | style="text-align:right;" |5,120,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,313 | style="text-align:right;" |61,792 | style="text-align:right;" |33,521 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1957 | style="text-align:right;" |5,125,000 | style="text-align:right;" |97,977 | style="text-align:right;" |61,143 | style="text-align:right;" |36,834 | style="text-align:right;" |19.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1958 | style="text-align:right;" |5,141,000 | style="text-align:right;" |99,481 | style="text-align:right;" |62,065 | style="text-align:right;" |37,416 | style="text-align:right;" |19.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.3 |- |1959 | style="text-align:right;" |5,163,000 | style="text-align:right;" |99,251 | style="text-align:right;" |63,061 | style="text-align:right;" |36,190 | style="text-align:right;" |19.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |7.0 |- |1960 | style="text-align:right;" |5,178,000 | style="text-align:right;" |101,292 | style="text-align:right;" |61,764 | style="text-align:right;" |39,528 | style="text-align:right;" |19.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |7.6 |- |1961 | style="text-align:right;" |5,184,000 | style="text-align:right;" |101,169 | style="text-align:right;" |63,928 | style="text-align:right;" |37,241 | style="text-align:right;" |19.5 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1962 | style="text-align:right;" |5,198,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,334 | style="text-align:right;" |63,189 | style="text-align:right;" |41,145 | style="text-align:right;" |20.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1963 | style="text-align:right;" |5,205,000 | style="text-align:right;" |102,691 | style="text-align:right;" |65,521 | style="text-align:right;" |37,170 | style="text-align:right;" |19.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |7.1 |- |1964 | style="text-align:right;" |5,209,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,355 | style="text-align:right;" |61,039 | style="text-align:right;" |43,316 | style="text-align:right;" |20.0 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right;" |8.3 |- |1965 | style="text-align:right;" |5,210,000 | style="text-align:right;" |100,660 | style="text-align:right;" |62,868 | style="text-align:right;" |37,792 | style="text-align:right;" |19.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.3 |- |1966 | style="text-align:right;" |5,201,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,536 | style="text-align:right;" |63,689 | style="text-align:right;" |32,847 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1967 | style="text-align:right;" |5,198,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,221 | style="text-align:right;" |59,523 | style="text-align:right;" |36,698 | style="text-align:right;" |18.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.1 |- |1968 | style="text-align:right;" |5,200,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,786 | style="text-align:right;" |63,311 | style="text-align:right;" |31,475 | style="text-align:right;" |18.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |6.1 |- |1969 | style="text-align:right;" |5,209,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,290 | style="text-align:right;" |63,821 | style="text-align:right;" |26,469 | style="text-align:right;" |17.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1970 | style="text-align:right;" |5,215,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,335 | style="text-align:right;" |63,640 | style="text-align:right;" |23,695 | style="text-align:right;" |16.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1971 | style="text-align:right;" |5,219,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,728 | style="text-align:right;" |61,614 | style="text-align:right;" |25,114 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |4.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.53 |- |1972 | style="text-align:right;" |5,223,000 | style="text-align:right;" |78,550 | style="text-align:right;" |65,017 | style="text-align:right;" |13,533 | style="text-align:right;" |15.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |2.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.27 |- |1973 | style="text-align:right;" |5,225,000 | style="text-align:right;" |74,392 | style="text-align:right;" |64,545 | style="text-align:right;" |9,847 | style="text-align:right;" |14.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.13 |- |1974 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226,000 | style="text-align:right;" |70,093 | style="text-align:right;" |64,740 | style="text-align:right;" |5,353 | style="text-align:right;" |13.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.97 |- |1975 | style="text-align:right;" |5,227,000 | style="text-align:right;" |67,943 | style="text-align:right;" |63,125 | style="text-align:right;" |4,818 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.90 |- |1976 | style="text-align:right;" |5,227,000 | style="text-align:right;" |64,895 | style="text-align:right;" |65,253 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -358 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.80 |- |1977 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226,000 | style="text-align:right;" |62,342 | style="text-align:right;" |62,294 | style="text-align:right;" |48 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |0.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1978 | style="text-align:right;" |5,212,000 | style="text-align:right;" |64,295 | style="text-align:right;" |65,123 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -828 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.74 |- |1979 | style="text-align:right;" |5,204,000 | style="text-align:right;" |68,366 | style="text-align:right;" |65,747 | style="text-align:right;" |2,619 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1980 | style="text-align:right;" |5,194,000 | style="text-align:right;" |68,892 | style="text-align:right;" |63,299 | style="text-align:right;" |5,593 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1981 | style="text-align:right;" |5,180,000 | style="text-align:right;" |69,054 | style="text-align:right;" |63,828 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1982 | style="text-align:right;" |5,165,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,196 | style="text-align:right;" |65,022 | style="text-align:right;" |1,174 | style="text-align:right;" |12.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.74 |- |1983 | style="text-align:right;" |5,148,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,078 | style="text-align:right;" |63,454 | style="text-align:right;" |1,624 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1984 | style="text-align:right;" |5,139,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,106 | style="text-align:right;" |62,345 | style="text-align:right;" |2,761 | style="text-align:right;" |12.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1985 | style="text-align:right;" |5,128,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,676 | style="text-align:right;" |63,967 | style="text-align:right;" |2,709 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1986 | style="text-align:right;" |5,112,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,812 | style="text-align:right;" |63,467 | style="text-align:right;" |2,345 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1987 | style="text-align:right;" |5,099,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,241 | style="text-align:right;" |62,014 | style="text-align:right;" |4,227 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1988 | style="text-align:right;" |5,077,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,212 | style="text-align:right;" |61,957 | style="text-align:right;" |4,255 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1989 | style="text-align:right;" |5,078,000 | style="text-align:right;" |63,480 | style="text-align:right;" |65,017 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,537 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right;" |12.8 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.61 |- |1990 | style="text-align:right;" |5,081,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,973 | style="text-align:right;" |61,527 | style="text-align:right;" |4,446 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.67 |- |1991 | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 | style="text-align:right;" |67,024 | style="text-align:right;" |61,041 | style="text-align:right;" |5,983 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.69 |- |1992 | style="text-align:right;" |5,086,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,789 | style="text-align:right;" |60,937 | style="text-align:right;" |4,852 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.67 |- |1993 | style="text-align:right;" |5,092,000 | style="text-align:right;" |63,337 | style="text-align:right;" |64,049 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -712 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.62 |- |1994 | style="text-align:right;" |5,102,000 | style="text-align:right;" |61,656 | style="text-align:right;" |59,328 | style="text-align:right;" |2,328 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |1995 | style="text-align:right;" |5,104,000 | style="text-align:right;" |60,051 | style="text-align:right;" |60,500 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -449 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.55 |- |1996 | style="text-align:right;" |5,092,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,296 | style="text-align:right;" |60,654 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,358 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.56 |- |1997 | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,440 | style="text-align:right;" |59,494 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -54 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |1998 | style="text-align:right;" |5,077,000 | style="text-align:right;" |57,319 | style="text-align:right;" |59,164 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,845 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.55 |- |1999 | style="text-align:right;" |5,072,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,147 | style="text-align:right;" |60,281 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,134 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.51 |- |2000 | style="text-align:right;" |5,063,000 | style="text-align:right;" |53,076 | style="text-align:right;" |57,799 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,723 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.4 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.48 |- |2001 | style="text-align:right;" |5,064,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,527 | style="text-align:right;" |57,380 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,853 | style="text-align:right;" |10.4 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.49 |- |2002 | style="text-align:right;" |5,055,000 | style="text-align:right;" |51,270 | style="text-align:right;" |58,103 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,833 | style="text-align:right;" |10.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.47 |- |2003 | style="text-align:right;" |5,057,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,432 | style="text-align:right;" |58,472 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,040 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.52 |- |2004 | style="text-align:right;" |5,078,000 | style="text-align:right;" |53,957 | style="text-align:right;" |56,187 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,230 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |2005 | style="text-align:right;" |5,095,000 | style="text-align:right;" |54,386 | style="text-align:right;" |55,747 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,361 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.60 |- |2006 | style="text-align:right;" |5,117,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,690 | style="text-align:right;" |55,093 | style="text-align:right;" |597 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.64 |- |2007 | style="text-align:right;" |5,144,000 | style="text-align:right;" |57,781 | style="text-align:right;" |55,986 | style="text-align:right;" |1,795 | style="text-align:right;" |11.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |2008 | style="text-align:right;" |5,169,000 | style="text-align:right;" |60,041 | style="text-align:right;" |55,700 | style="text-align:right;" |4,341 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.77 |- |2009 | style="text-align:right;" |5,194,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,046 | style="text-align:right;" |53,856 | style="text-align:right;" |5,190 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.73 |- |2010 | style="text-align:right;" |5,222,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,791 | style="text-align:right;" |53,967 | style="text-align:right;" |4,824 | style="text-align:right;" |11.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.72 |- |2011 | style="text-align:right;" |5,255,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,590 | style="text-align:right;" |53,661 | style="text-align:right;" |4,931 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.69 |- |2012 | style="text-align:right;" |5,313,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,027 | style="text-align:right;" |54,937 | style="text-align:right;" |3,090 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |2013 | style="text-align:right;" |5,327,000 | style="text-align:right;" |56,014 | style="text-align:right;" |54,700 | style="text-align:right;" |1,314 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.62 |- |2014 | style="text-align:right;" |5,347,000 | style="text-align:right;" |56,725 | style="text-align:right;" |54,239 | style="text-align:right;" |2,486 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |10.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.64 |- |2015 | style="text-align:right;" |5,373,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,098 | style="text-align:right;" |57,566 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,470 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.59 |- |2016 | style="text-align:right;" |5,404,000 | style="text-align:right;" |54,488 | style="text-align:right;" |56,728 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,240 | style="text-align:right;" |10.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.56 |- |2017 | style="text-align:right;" |5,424,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,861 | style="text-align:right;" |57,883 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,022 | style="text-align:right;" |9.8 | style="text-align:right;" |10.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.51 |- |2018 | style="text-align:right;" |5,438,000 | style="text-align:right;" |51,308 | style="text-align:right;" |58,503 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -7,192 | style="text-align:right;" |9.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.46 |- |2019 | style="text-align:right;" |5,463,000 | style="text-align:right;" |49,863 | style="text-align:right;" |58,108 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,245 | style="text-align:right;" |9.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.42 |- |2020 | style="text-align:right;" |5,466,000 | style="text-align:right;" |46,809 | style="text-align:right;" |64,093 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -17,284 | style="text-align:right; " |8.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.33 |- |2021 | style="text-align:right;" |5,479,900 | style="text-align:right;" |47,786 | style="text-align:right;" |63,587 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,824 | style="text-align:right;" |8.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.36 |- |2022 (c) | style="text-align:right;" |5,436,600 | style="text-align:right;" |46,959 | style="text-align:right;" |62,941 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,982 | style="text-align:right;" |8.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.33 |- |2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vital Events Reference Tables 2023 |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/general-publications/vital-events-reference-tables/2023 |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=National Records of Scotland }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" |5,490,100 | style="text-align:right; " |45,935 | style="text-align:right;" |63,445 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -17,510 | style="text-align:right;" |8.4 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.2 | style="text-align:right; " |1.30 |- |2024 | style="text-align:right;" |5,539,000 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |45,760 | style="text-align:right;" |62,232 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -16,472 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |8.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.0 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |1.29 |} (c) = sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a na 2022. * Tushen: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321025129/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/index.html Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900] === Kididdigar muhimmancin yanzu === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ !Lokacin !Haihuwar rayuwa !Mutuwa !Ƙaruwar halitta |- |'''Janairu-Yuni 2024''' |22,567 |31,435 | -8,868 |- |'''Janairu-Yuni 2025''' |22,256 |30,557 | -8,301 |- |'''Bambanci''' | -311 (-1.38%){{Decrease}} | -878 (-2.79%){{DecreasePositive}} | +567{{Increase}} |} === Gidaje ta yawan jama'a ===   Wuraren haihuwar da masu amsa suka bayar ga ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sune kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! rowspan="2" |Kasar haihuwar ! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991">{{Cite web |title=1991 census - local base statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/lbs91 |access-date=14 June 2023 |publisher=Nomis: Official Census and Labour Market Statistics}} ''Tables L01 to L18: Demographic and economic characteristics > L07 Country of birth''</ref> ! colspan="2" |2001 ! colspan="2" |2011 ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{Cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=National Records of Scotland}} '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} !4,849,580 !97.0% !4,870,440 !96.2% !4,926,119 !93.0% !4,884,959 !89.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Scotland}} |4,454,065 |89.11% |4,410,400 |87.13% |4,411,884 |83.32% |4,321,512 |79.44% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|England}} |354,268 |7.09% |408,948 |8.08% |459,486 |8.68% |506,207 |9.31% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Wales}} |14,710 |0.29% |16,623 |0.33% |17,381 |0.33% |18,219 |0.33% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Northern Ireland|union}} |26,393 |0.53% |33,528 |0.66% |36,655 |0.69% |37,260 |0.68% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Burtaniya da ba a bayyana ba{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} |144 |<0.01% |941 |0.02% |713 |0.01% |1,763 |0.03% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Kasashen [[Tarayyar Turai|Tarayyar Turai (EU)]] {{Flagicon|European Union}} ! ! !41,836 !0.83% !137,285 !2.59% !234,363 !4.31% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Irish people in Great Britain|Ireland]]{{Flagicon|Ireland}} |22,773 |0.46% |21,774 |0.43% |22,952 |0.43% |22,083 |0.41% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran kasashe membobin EU (sun shiga kafin 2001) {{Flag|EU}} | | | | |59,031 |1.11% | | |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Poles in the United Kingdom|Poland]]{{Flagicon|Poland}} |3,623 |0.07% |2,505 |0.05% |55,231 |1.04% |75,351 |1.39% |- | style="text-align:left" |EU Sauran kasashe membobin (sun shiga bayan 2001) {{Flag|EU}} | | | | |78,254 |1.48% | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Kasashen da ba na Burtaniya ba / Tarayyar Turai ! ! ! ! ! ! !320,520 !5.89% |- | | | | | | | | | |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''4,998,567''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,062,011''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,295,403''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,439,842''' |'''100.00%''' |- |} Adadin mutanen da ke zaune a Scotland da aka haifa a waje da Burtaniya ya kasance 10.2% a 2022, idan aka kwatanta da 7.0% a 2011, 3.8% a 2001 da 3.0% a 1991. Da ke ƙasa akwai ƙungiyoyi goma sha biyar mafi girma a ƙasashen waje a Scotland bisa ga ƙidayar shekara ta 2022, tare da ƙididdigar da ta gabata guda uku.<ref name="CountryBirth_22"/> {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |Kasar haihuwar ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2022<ref name="CountryBirth_22"/> ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2011 ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2001 ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991"/> |- |[[Poles in the United Kingdom|Poland]]{{Flagicon|Poland}} | style="text-align:right" |75,351 | style="text-align:right" |55,231 | style="text-align:right" |2,505 | style="text-align:right" |3,623 |- |{{Flag|India}} | style="text-align:right" |37,729 | style="text-align:right" |23,489 | style="text-align:right" |10,523 | style="text-align:right" |9,006 |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | style="text-align:right" |28,891 | style="text-align:right" |20,039 | style="text-align:right" |12,645 | style="text-align:right" |9,411 |- |[[Americans in the United Kingdom|Amurka]]{{Flagicon|USA}} | style="text-align:right" |23,863 | style="text-align:right" |15,919 | style="text-align:right" |11,149 | style="text-align:right" |12,589 |- |[[Germans in the United Kingdom|Jamus]]{{Flagicon|Germany}} | style="text-align:right" |23,315 | style="text-align:right" |22,274 | style="text-align:right" |18,703 | style="text-align:right" |13,898 |- |[[Irish people in Great Britain|Ireland]]{{Flagicon|Ireland}} | style="text-align:right" |22,083 | style="text-align:right" |22,952 | style="text-align:right" |21,774 | style="text-align:right" |22,773 |- |{{Flag|China}} | style="text-align:right" |21,396 | style="text-align:right" |15,338 | style="text-align:right" |3,329 | style="text-align:right" |1,726 |- |[['Yan Najeriya na Burtaniya|Najeriya]]{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} | style="text-align:right" |21,286 | style="text-align:right" |9,458 | style="text-align:right" |1,253 | style="text-align:right" |854 |- |[[South Africans in the United Kingdom|Afirka ta Kudu]]{{Flagicon|South Africa}} | style="text-align:right" |15,253 | style="text-align:right" |10,607 | style="text-align:right" |7,803 | style="text-align:right" |1,427 |- |[[Italians in the United Kingdom|Italiya]]{{Flagicon|Italy}} | style="text-align:right" |14,486 | style="text-align:right" |6,048 | style="text-align:right" |4,936 | style="text-align:right" |3,947 |- |[[Spaniards in the United Kingdom|Spain]]{{Flagicon|Spain}} | style="text-align:right" |12,208 | style="text-align:right" |4,908 | style="text-align:right" |2,555 | style="text-align:right" |1,042 |- |[[Romanians in the United Kingdom|Romania]]{{Flagicon|Romania}} | style="text-align:right" |12,102 | style="text-align:right" |2,387 | style="text-align:right" |327 | style="text-align:right" |122 |- |[[Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom|Hong Kong]]{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} | style="text-align:right" |11,901 | style="text-align:right" |7,586 | style="text-align:right" |7,068 | style="text-align:right" |5,910 |- |[[Canadians in the United Kingdom|Kanada]]{{Flagicon|Canada}} | style="text-align:right" |9,920 | style="text-align:right" |9,435 | style="text-align:right" |8,569 | style="text-align:right" |7,956 |- |[[Australians in the United Kingdom|Ostiraliya]]{{Flagicon|Australia}} | style="text-align:right" |9,575 | style="text-align:right" |8,279 | style="text-align:right" |7,555 | style="text-align:right" |5,047 |- !Gabaɗaya - duk an haife su a ƙasashen waje ! style="text-align:right" |554,883 ! style="text-align:right" |369,284 ! style="text-align:right" |191,571 ! style="text-align:right" |148,987 |- |} == Shekaru == [[Fayil:Scotland_population_pyramid_from_1981_to_projected_pyramid_in_2043.gif|thumb|200x200px|Pyramid na yawan jama'a daga 1981 zuwa pyramid da aka tsara a cikin 2043]] 9Rarraba shekarun da suka danganci ƙididdigar 2011 kamar haka. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekaru !Yawan jama'a !% na jimlar |- |0–4 |293,000 |5.53 |- |5–9 |270,000 |5.10 |- |10–14 |292,000 |5.51 |- |15–19 |331,000 |6.25 |- |20–24 |364,000 |6.87 |- |25–29 |346,000 |6.53 |- |30–34 |322,000 |6.08 |- |35–39 |340,000 |6.42 |- |40–44 |394,000 |7.44 |- |45–49 |411,000 |7.76 |- |50–54 |376,000 |7.10 |- |55–59 |331,000 |6.25 |- |60–64 |337,000 |6.35 |- |65–69 |262,000 |4.98 |- |70–74 |221,000 |4.17 |- |75–79 |178,000 |3.36 |- |80–84 |123,000 |2.32 |- |85–89 |71,000 |1.34 |- |90+ |37,000 |0.70 |} == Ƙabilar == [[Fayil:Ethnic_demography_of_Scotland_from_1981_–_2011.gif|thumb|200x200px|Yawan jama'a na Scotland 1981 - 2011]] Ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sun rubuta kabilun da suka biyo baya: {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'a na Scotland[[Fayil:Flag_of_Scotland.svg|20x20px]] ! rowspan="2" |Ƙungiyar kabilanci ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1971 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1981 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Equality |first=Commission for Racial |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 3}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |1991 ! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939 |access-date=6 September 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008052918/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011 ! colspan="2" |2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en}}</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Fararen fata: Gabaɗaya !- !99.6% !4,908,140 !99.1% !4,935,933 !98.9% !4,960,334 !97.99% !5,084,407 !96.02% !5,051,875 !92.87% |- | style="text-align:left" |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Scotland | - | - | - | - | - | - |4,459,071 |88.09% |4,445,678 |83.95% |4,226,965 |77.70% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Sauran Burtaniya | - | - | - | - | - | - |373,685 |7.38% |417,109 |7.88% |510,354 |9.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |Fararen: Irish | - | - | - | - | - | - |49,428 |0.98% |54,090 |1.02% |56,877 |1.05% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Gypsy / Mai Tafiya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |4,212 |0.08% |3,343 |0.06% |- | style="text-align:left" |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Poland<ref group="note" name="auto" /> | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |61,201 |1.16% |90,736 |1.67% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Sauran | - | - | - | - | - | - |78,150 |1.54% |102,117 |1.93% |163,600 |3.01% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Total !- !- !- !- !42,852 !0.86% !71,317 !1.41% !140,678 !2.66% !212,022 !3.90% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Indiya | - | - | - | - |10,050 |0.20% |15,037 |0.30% |32,706 |0.62% |52,951 |0.97% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Pakistani'Yan Pakistan | - | - | - | - |21,192 |0.42% |31,793 |0.63% |49,381 |0.93% |72,871 |1.34% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Bangladesh | - | - | - | - |1,134 |0.02% |1,981 |0.04% |3,788 |0.07% |6,934 |0.13% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Sinanci | - | - | - | - |10,476 |0.21% |16,310 |0.32% |33,706 |0.64% |47,075 |0.87% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Asiya SauranSauran Asiya | - | - | - | - |4,604 |0.09% |6,196 |0.12% |21,097 |0.40% |32,187 |0.59% |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Baƙar fata]], Baƙar fata na Scotland ko Baƙar fata na Burtaniya !- !- !- !- !3,707 !0.07% !6,247 !0.12% !- !- !- !- |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !29,638 !0.56% !58,636 !1.08% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Afirka, Afirka Scottish ko Afirka BirtaniyaBirtaniya ta Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |29,186 |0.55% |5,907 |0.11% |- | style="text-align:left" |Afirka: Sauran Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |452 |0.01% |52,729 |0.97% |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] ko Black: Total !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !6,540 !0.12% !6,778 !0.12% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |3,430 |0.06% |2,214 |0.04% |- | style="text-align:left" |Baƙar fata | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |2,380 |0.04% |546 |0.01% |- | style="text-align:left" |Caribbean ko Black: Sauran | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |730 |0.01% |4,018 |0.07% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da yawa: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !- !- !12,764 !0.25% !19,815 !0.37% !60,899 !1.12% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !8,825 !0.18% !9,571 !0.19% !14,325 !0.27% !49,632 !0.91% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Larabci<ref group="note" name="auto" /> | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |9,366 |0.18% |22,304 |0.41% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Duk wani kabilanci | - | - | - | - | - | - |9,571 |0.19% |4,959 |0.09% |27,328 |0.50% |- !Ƙananan kabilanci: Jimillar !- !0.4% !46,188 !0.9% !55,384 !1.1% !106,146 !2% !210,996 !4% !387,967 !7.1% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Jimillar: !- !100% !4,954,328 !100% !4,998,567 !100.00% !5,062,011 !100.00% !5,295,403 !100.00% !5,439,842 !100.00% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |} <references group="note" /> === Kabilanci na ɗaliban makaranta === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="3" |Ƙungiyar kabilanci ! colspan="10" |Shekarar makaranta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pupil census: supplementary statistics |url=http://www.gov.scot/publications/pupil-census-supplementary-statistics/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=gov.scot |language=en}}</ref> |- ! colspan="2" |2004 ! colspan="2" |2008 ! colspan="2" |2012 ! colspan="2" |2016 ! colspan="2" |2021 |- !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% |- | | | | | | | | | | | |- !Fararen fata: Gabaɗaya !671,029 !92.7% !633,230 !92.9% !622,722 !92.8% !624,363 !91.3% !624,821 !88.7% |- |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Scotland | rowspan="2" |663,007 | rowspan="2" |91.7% | rowspan="2" |618,829 | rowspan="2" |90.8% |579,136 |86.3% |555,476 |81.1% |537,004 |76.2% |- |White: Sauran Burtaniya |21,163 |3.1% |34,580 |5% |  44,842&nbsp; |6.4% |- |Fararen: Irish | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    1,499&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |Fararen: Yaren mutanen Poland | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  16,790&nbsp; |2.4% |- |White: Matafiyi / Gypsy | - | - | - | - |864 | |1,121 | |    1,435&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |White: Sauran |8,022 | |14,401 | |21,559 | |33,186 | |  23,251&nbsp; |3.3% |- !Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Total !15,053 !2.1% !18,213 !2.7% !21,955 !3.3% !26,660 !3.9% !33,161 !4.8% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Indiya |2,163 | |2,825 | |3,930 | |    5,378&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    7,442&nbsp;&nbsp; |1.1% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Pakistan'Yan Pakistan |8,683 | |9,850 | |11,430 | |  12,980&nbsp; | |  14,771&nbsp; |2.1% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Bangladesh |473 | |541 | |714 | |       908&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    1,359&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Sinanci |2,202 | |2,248 | |2,637 | |    3,707&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    4,922&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.7% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Sauran Asiya |1,532 | |2,749 | |3,244 | |    3,687&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    4,667&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.7% |- ![[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Jimillar !1,529 !0.2% !2,815 !0.4% !4,257 !0.6% !6,555 !0.9% !10,295 !1.4% |- |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Afirka, Afirka Scottish ko Afirka BirtaniyaBirtaniya ta Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    6,556&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.9% |- |Afirka: Sauran Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    3,739&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.5% |- ![[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] ko Black: Total !595 !- !586 !- !708 !0.1% !1,033 !0.1% !1,429 !0.2% |- |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] / Black: Scottish |105 | |126 | | - | - | - | - |       930&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.1% |- |Caribbean ko Black: Sauran |490 | |460 | | - | - | - | - |       499&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.1% |- !Haɗe-haɗe: Jimillar !4,814 !0.6% !6,146 !0.9% !6,956 !1% !8,408 !1.2% !  11,533&nbsp; !1.6% |- !Sauran: Jimillar !2,500 !0.3% !3,005 !0.4% !3,034 !0.4% !5,250 !0.7% !8,608 !1.2 |- |Sauran: Duk wani kabilanci | - | - | - | - |2,346 | |3,118 | |    4,523&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.6% |- |Sauran: Larabci | - | - | - | - |688 | |2,132 | |    4,085&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.6% |- !Ba a sani ba ko ba a bayyana ba !27,074 !3.7% !16,467 !2.4% !11,330 !1.7% !  11,939&nbsp; !1.7% !  14,876&nbsp; !2.1% |- | | | | | | | | | | | |- !Jimillar: !723,175 !100% !681,277 !100% !670,962 !100% !684,208 !100% !704,723 !100% |} == Bayyanawa ta ƙasa == [[Fayil:Scottish_only_identity_by_council_area.svg|right|thumb|301x301px|Taswirar da ke nuna yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin "Scottish kawai" bisa ga ƙidayar 2011.]] [[Fayil:Scottish_and_British_and_British_identity_only_by_council_area.svg|right|thumb|301x301px|Taswirar da ke nuna yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin "Scottish da British" da "British kawai" bisa ga ƙidayar 2011.]] An tambayi tambaya game da asalin ƙasa a cikin ƙidayar shekara ta 2011: "me kuke jin shine asalin ƙasarku?". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Questionnaire used in Scotland's 2011 census |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/Householdpre-addressed27_05_10specimen.pdf |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |page=9 |quote=What do you feel is your national identity?}}</ref> Masu amsawa za su iya bayyana kansu a matsayin masu mallakar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya. * 62% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish kawai' * 18% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' da 'British' * Kashi 8% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Birtaniya kawai' * 2% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' tare da sauran wadanda ba na Burtaniya ba * 10% sun bayyana kansu tare da wasu asalin ƙasa / kabilanci kawai (ba na Scotland ko na Burtaniya ba) Yankunan majalisa tare da akalla kashi 90% na yawan jama'a da ke nuna wasu 'Scottish' asalin ƙasar sune Arewacin Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, Gabashin Ayrshire da Yammacin Dunbartonshire. Mafi ƙarancin mutanen da ke bayyana wasu 'Scottish' sun kasance a Edinburgh (70%) da Aberdeen (75%). <ref name="nationalidentity">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011 - Analysis: National Identity |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/03/7340/16 |access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> Yankunan majalisa tare da mafi girman rabo na mutanen da ke bayyana 'Birtaniya' a matsayin asalin ƙasarsu kawai sune Argyll da Bute da Shetland, kowannensu yana da kashi 12%.<ref name="nationalidentity"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" !Yankin majalisa !Yaren Scotland kawai !Yaren Scotland da na Burtaniya kawai !Birtaniya kawai !Sauran asalin Burtaniya !Scottish da duk wani ainihi !Sauran kawai |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Aberdeen |54.7% |17.7% |8.3% |4.7% |2.5% |12.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Aberdeenshire |61.3% |17.7% |9.0% |6.7% |1.9% |3.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Angus |66.8% |17.8% |7.2% |4.4% |1.6% |2.2% |- | style="text-align:left" |Argyll da Bute |57.4% |17.2% |11.6% |8.9% |2.4% |2.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Clackmannanshire |67.0% |17.6% |7.4% |4.3% |1.6% |2.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Dumfries da Galloway |59.6% |16.7% |10.1% |9.7% |2.0% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Dundee |65.5% |16.6% |6.5% |3.6% |1.8% |6.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Ayrshire |70.6% |18.7% |5.7% |2.9% |1.2% |0.9% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Dunbartonshire |60.2% |24.7% |8.7% |2.7% |1.9% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Lothian |62.6% |18.9% |8.6% |4.6% |2.0% |3.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Renfrewshire |59.0% |25.6% |9.4% |2.4% |1.9% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Edinburgh, Birnin |48.8% |18.5% |11.4% |6.7% |3.2% |11.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Na h-Eileanan Siar |69.2% |14.3% |8.1% |5.4% |1.5% |1.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Falkirk |68.0% |19.7% |6.3% |2.7% |1.3% |2.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Fife |63.8% |18.2% |7.9% |5.1% |1.8% |3.2% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow|Birnin Glasgow]] |61.9% |16.1% |8.6% |2.9% |2.2% |8.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |Highland |61.5% |15.2% |10.2% |7.6% |2.3% |3.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |Inverclyde |69.9% |19.7% |6.3% |1.9% |1.1% |1.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Midlothian |68.3% |18.2% |6.8% |3.2% |1.5% |2.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Moray |58.4% |15.9% |10.9% |10.0% |2.1% |2.7% |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Ayrshire |68.2% |19.4% |6.8% |3.2% |1.3% |1.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Lanarkshire |71.6% |18.1% |5.9% |1.5% |1.2% |1.7% |- | style="text-align:left" |Orkney |62.4% |13.8% |10.8% |9.8% |1.6% |1.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Perth da Kinross |59.0% |18.9% |9.5% |6.0% |2.3% |4.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire]] |65.9% |21.0% |7.3% |2.0% |1.3% |2.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Scotland |57.7% |16.9% |10.7% |9.2% |2.6% |2.9% |- | style="text-align:left" |Shetland |59.9% |15.7% |11.6% |7.6% |1.8% |3.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Ayrshire |63.9% |21.0% |7.6% |4.3% |1.6% |1.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Lanarkshire |67.2% |20.5% |6.9% |2.3% |1.3% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Stirling |57.5% |20.0% |9.6% |5.8% |2.5% |4.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Dunbartonshire |72.0% |17.3% |6.0% |2.0% |1.1% |1.5% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Lothian |65.2% |18.8% |7.6% |3.4% |1.6% |3.4% |} == Addini == [[Fayil:Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png|thumb|371x371px|Kashi da ke da'awar zama Roman Katolika a cikin ƙidayar 2011 a Scotland]] Kididdigar daga ƙididdigar 2022, 2011 da 2001 an tsara su a ƙasa. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Addinin yanzu ! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="scotland2001">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2006 |title=Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607092428/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |access-date=15 August 2011 |publisher=The Scottish Government}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011&nbsp;– Table KS209SCb |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf |access-date=26 September 2013 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}.</ref><ref name="census2011detail">{{Cite web |title=Religion (detailed) |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf |access-date=12 April 2015 |website=Scotland's Census 2011 |publisher=National Records of Scotland}} The census choices were None, Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic, Other Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Hindu, and Another religion or body. Those answering Other Christian or Another religion were asked to write which one.</ref> ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census_Scot">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2024 |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=Scotland's Census |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]]}} [https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by Alternative URL] 'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Religion'</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- |Kiristanci | style="text-align:right" |3,294,545 | style="text-align:right" |65.1 | style="text-align:right" |2,850,199 | style="text-align:right" |53.8 | style="text-align:right" |2,110,405 | style="text-align:right" |38.8 |- | -Cocin Scotland | style="text-align:right" |2,146,251 | style="text-align:right" |42.4 | style="text-align:right" |1,717,871 | style="text-align:right" |32.4 | style="text-align:right" |1,107,796 | style="text-align:right" |20.4 |- | - Roman Katolika | style="text-align:right" |803,732 | style="text-align:right" |15.9 | style="text-align:right" |841,053 | style="text-align:right" |15.9 | style="text-align:right" |723,322 | style="text-align:right" |13.3 |- | -Wani Kirista | style="text-align:right" |344,562 | style="text-align:right" |6.8 | style="text-align:right" |291,275 | style="text-align:right" |5.5 | style="text-align:right" |279,287 | style="text-align:right" |5.1 |- |Musulunci | style="text-align:right" |42,557 | style="text-align:right" |0.8 | style="text-align:right" |76,737 | style="text-align:right" |1.4 | style="text-align:right" |119,872 | style="text-align:right" |2.2 |- |Addinin Hindu | style="text-align:right" |5,564 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |16,379 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 | style="text-align:right" |29,929 | style="text-align:right" |0.6 |- |Addinin Buddha | style="text-align:right" |6,830 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |12,795 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 | style="text-align:right" |15,501 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 |- |Addinin Sikh | style="text-align:right" |6,572 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |9,055 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 | style="text-align:right" |10,988 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 |- |Addinin Yahudanci | style="text-align:right" |6,448 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |5,887 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |5,847 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 |- |Albarka{{Efn|New category created for the 2022 census}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}} | style="text-align:right" |19,113 | style="text-align:right" |0.4 |- |Sauran addinai | style="text-align:right" |26,974 | style="text-align:right" |0.5 | style="text-align:right" |15,196 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 | style="text-align:right" |12,425 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 |- |Babu Addini | style="text-align:right" |1,394,460 | style="text-align:right" |27.6 | style="text-align:right" |1,941,116 | style="text-align:right" |36.7 | style="text-align:right" |2,780,900 | style="text-align:right" |51.1 |- |Addinin da ba a bayyana ba | style="text-align:right" |278,061 | style="text-align:right" |5.5 | style="text-align:right" |368,039 | style="text-align:right" |7.0 | style="text-align:right" |334,862 | style="text-align:right" |6.2 |- |Yawan jama'a | style="text-align:right" |5,062,011 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 | style="text-align:right" |5,295,403 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 | style="text-align:right" |5,439,842 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 |} == Harsuna ==   Ingilishi shine harshe da aka fi magana a Scotland. Harsuna biyu na yanki na Scotland, Gaelic na Scotland da na zamani, ana kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar [[Turanci]] don Harsunan yanki ko Ƙananan Harsuna. An rubuta ƙwarewa a cikin waɗannan harsuna ga waɗanda suka kai shekaru uku da sama a cikin ƙididdigar Burtaniya ta 2021 kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Gaelic na Scotland ! colspan="2" |'Yan Scotland <ref name=":0" /> |- !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa |5,164,702 |97.54% |2,850,204 |53.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa |130,161 |2.46% |2,444,659 |46.17% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |69,701 |1.32% |1,508,540 |28.49% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |43,807 |0.83% |1,176,255 |22.22% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu |46,404 |0.88% |722,593 |13.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu |18,264 |0.34% |174,252 |3.29% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |7,630 |0.14% |158,033 |2.98% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu |10,788 |0.20% |193,302 |3.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa |3,268 |0.06% |20,224 |0.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'ar Scotland ta hanyar iyawa a cikin Gaelic na Scotland, 1991-2022 ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1991 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2001 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2011 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2022 |- !Mazauna al'ada masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna al'ada masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa | | |4,808,096 |98.11% |5,031,167 |98.30% |5,164,702 |97.54% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa | | |92,396 |1.89% |87,056 |1.70% |130,161 |2.46% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |65,978 |1.37% |58,652 |1.20% |57,602 |1.13% |69,701 |1.32% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |29,450 |0.61% |31,218 |0.64% |32,191 |0.63% |43,807 |0.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu | | |26,722 |0.55% |23,357 |0.46% |46,404 |0.88% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu | | |19,181 |0.39% |18,966 |0.37% |18,264 |0.34% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |9,426 |0.20% |7,934 |0.16% |6,218 |0.12% |7,630 |0.14% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu | | |4,744 |0.10% |4,646 |0.09% |10,788 |0.20% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa | | |2,597 |0.05% |1,678 |0.03% |3,268 |0.06% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''4,809,698''' |'''100.00%''' |'''4,900,492''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,118,223''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'ar Scotland ta hanyar iyawa a cikin Scots, 2011-2022 ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2011 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scots |url=https://www.gov.scot/policies/languages/scots/#:~:text=The%20Scots%20language%20is%20an,read%2C%20write%20or%20understand%20Scots. |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Scottish Government}}</ref> |- !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa |3,188,779 |62.30% |2,850,204 |53.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa |1,929,444 |37.70% |2,444,659 |46.17% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |1,541,693 |30.12% |1,508,540 |28.49% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |1,225,622 |23.95% |1,176,255 |22.22% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu |267,412 |5.22% |722,593 |13.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu |179,295 |3.50% |174,252 |3.29% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |132,709 |2.59% |158,033 |2.98% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu |107,025 |2.09% |193,302 |3.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa |17,381 |0.34% |20,224 |0.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''5,118,223''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |}   Fiye da harsuna 170 ana magana da su a Scotland. Harsunan 4 da aka fi magana da su ba na Turanci ba a gida (ta mutanen da ke da shekaru 3 da sama) sune: Scots (55,817), Polish (54,186), Sinanci (27,381), da Urdu (23,394). == Tarihin jama'a == [[Fayil:Knapofhowarinsun.jpg|right|thumb|Gidajen dutse a Knap na Howar, shaidar yawan manoma da kuma farkon ci gaban yawan jama'a, c. 3500 BC]] a wasu lokuta a lokacin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki na ƙarshe (130,000-70,000 BC) Turai tana da yanayin zafi fiye da na yau, kuma ɗan adam na farko mai yiwuwa sun yi hanyarsu zuwa yankin Scotland a yanzu, kodayake masu binciken kayan tarihi ba su sami wata alama ba.  Glaciers sai suka zazzaga hanyarsu a cikin mafi yawan Biritaniya, kuma bayan da ƙanƙara ta ja da baya ne Scotland ta sake zama wurin zama, kusan 9600 BC.] Mafarautan mafarauci sun kafa sansani na farko da aka sani, kuma masu binciken archaeologists sun yi kwanan wata wani wuri kusa da Biggar zuwa kusan 8500 BC.  antlers, mai yiwuwa tare da ƙarancin yawan jama'a.] Noman Neolithic ya kawo matsuguni na dindindin, kamar gidan dutse a Knap na Howar akan Papa Westray wanda ya kasance daga 3500 BC, da kuma yawan yawan jama'a.  Bincike mai zurfi na Black Loch a cikin Fife yana nuna cewa ƙasar noma ta bazu a cikin kuɗaɗen daji daga kusan 2000 BC har zuwa lokacin ƙarni na farko AD Romawa sun ci gaba zuwa cikin ƙasan Scotland, yana ba da shawarar faɗaɗa mazauna.  Bayan haka, an sake yin girma na birch, itacen oak da hazel na tsawon ƙarni biyar, wanda ke nuna cewa mamayewar Romawa ya yi mummunan tasiri ga yawan mutanen ƙasar..<ref>T. C. Smout, R. MacDonald and F. Watson, ''A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland 1500–1920. Edinburgh University Press'' {{ISBN|9780748632947}}, p. 34.</ref> Akwai kusan babu rubuce-rubuce da za a sake gina yawan jama'a na farkon tsakiyar Scotland. An kiyasta yawan mazauna 10,000 a Dál Riata da 80-100,000 na Pictland, wanda mai yiwuwa shine mafi girman yankin.<ref name="Lang2006pp21-2">L. R. Laing, ''The Archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. AD 400-1200'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), {{ISBN|0521547407}}, pp. 21–22.</ref> Wannan bai haɗa da adadi ga sassan Northumbria yanzu a Scotland ba. Wataƙila ƙarni na 5 da na 6 sun ga yawan mace-mace mafi girma saboda bayyanar annoba ta bubonic, wanda zai iya rage yawan jama'a.<ref name="Fouracre&McKitterick2005p.234">P. Fouracre and R. McKitterick, eds, ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 500-c. 700'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), {{ISBN|0521362911}}, p. 234.</ref> Binciken wuraren binnewa na wannan lokacin kamar na Hallowhill, St Andrews ya nuna tsawon rayuwa na 26-29 kawai.<ref name="Lang2006pp21-2" /> An dauki sanannun yanayi don ba da shawarar cewa yana da yawan haihuwa, yawan mace-mace, kamar kasashe masu tasowa da yawa a duniyar zamani, tare da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta matasa, kuma watakila haihuwa da wuri, da kuma yawan yara ga mata. Wannan zai nufin cewa akwai ƙananan ma'aikatan da ke akwai ga yawan bakuna don ciyarwa. Wannan zai sa ya zama da wahala a samar da wadata wanda zai ba da damar ci gaban jama'a da al'ummomi masu rikitarwa don bunkasa.<ref name="Woolf2007pp17-20">A. Woolf, ''From Pictland to Alba: 789–1070'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), {{ISBN|0748612343}}, pp. 17–20.</ref> Daga kafa Masarautar Alba a karni na goma, zuwa kafin [[Black Death]] ya kai kasar a cikin 1349, kimantawa bisa ga adadin ƙasar da za a iya magani, ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a na iya girma daga rabin miliyan zuwa miliyan. Kodayake babu wani abin dogaro da takardu game da tasirin annoba, akwai nassoshi da yawa game da ƙasar da aka watsar a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya. Idan tsarin ya biyo bayan hakan a Ingila, to yawan jama'a na iya faduwa zuwa rabin miliyan a ƙarshen karni na 15.<ref name="Rigby2003p109-11">S. H. Rigby, ed., ''A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages'' (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), {{ISBN|0631217851}}, pp. 109–11.</ref> Idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki bayan sake rarraba yawan jama'a a cikin bayanan da aka yi da kuma juyin juya halin masana'antu, waɗannan lambobin za a yadu daidai a kan masarautar, tare da kusan rabin da ke zaune a arewacin Tay.<ref>J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), {{ISBN|0748602763}}, p. 61.</ref> Wataƙila kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a sun zauna a ɗaya daga cikin birane da yawa waɗanda suka girma a ƙarshen zamani, galibi a gabas da kudu. An ba da shawarar cewa za su sami matsakaicin yawan jama'a kusan 2,000, amma da yawa za su kasance karami fiye da 1,000 kuma mafi girma, Edinburgh, mai yiwuwa yana da yawan jama'ar sama da 10,000 a ƙarshen zamanin.<ref name="Gemmill&Mayhew1995pp8-10">E. Gemmill and N. J. Mayhew, ''Changing Values in Medieval Scotland: a Study of Prices, Money, and Weights and Measures'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), {{ISBN|0521473853}}, pp. 8-10.</ref> [[Fayil:ScotlandPop1901-2001.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna yawan mutanen Scotland 1900-2001. Tushen: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321025129/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/index.html Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900]]] Ƙididdigar da ta danganci dawowar Harajin Zuciya na shekara ta 1691 ta nuna yawan jama'a 1,234,575, amma wannan adadi na iya shafar yunwa ta 1690s. Bayani na farko da za a iya dogara da shi shine ƙididdigar da Reverend Alexander Webster ya gudanar a 1755, wanda ya nuna mazaunan Scotland a matsayin 1,265,380.<ref>K. J. Cullen, ''Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of The 1690s'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), {{ISBN|0748638873}}, pp. 123-24.</ref> A lokacin ƙididdigar shekaru goma na farko a cikin 1801, yawan jama'a ya kai 1,608,420. Scotland ta ci gaba da girma a cikin karni na 19, zuwa 2,889,000 a 1851 da 4,472,000 a 1901. Ko da tare da ci gaban masana'antu akwai isasshen ayyuka masu kyau, a sakamakon haka, a lokacin 1841-1931, kimanin Scots miliyan 2 suka yi hijira zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya, kuma wasu Scots 750,000 suka koma Ingila.<ref>R. A. Houston and W. W. Knox, eds, ''The New Penguin History of Scotland'' (London: Penguin, 2001), {{ISBN|0140263675}}, p. xxxii.</ref> Tare da yawan jama'a miliyan 4.8 a shekara ta 1911, Scotland ta aika da mutane 690,000 zuwa yakin duniya na farko, wanda 74,000 suka mutu a yakin ko kuma daga cututtuka, kuma 150,000 sun ji rauni sosai. Don haka, ko da yake Scots sun kasance kawai kashi 10 cikin 100 na al'ummar Biritaniya, sun kasance kashi 15 cikin 100 na sojojin ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe sun sami kashi 20 cikin 100 na waɗanda suka mutu.] Yayin da ƙaura ta fara shiga cikin Ingila da Wales bayan yakin duniya na farko, [4] ya ci gaba da tafiya a Scotland, tare da 400,000 Scots, kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a, tsakanin 19 da 19 da aka kiyasta sun bar ƙasar. Tashin hankali ya shiga cikin shekarun 1930s babu wani aiki mai sauƙi a cikin Amurka da Kanada kuma ƙaura ya faɗi ƙasa da 50,000 a shekara, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen lokacin ƙaura da aka buɗe a tsakiyar karni na 18. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar jama'a, wanda ya kai kololuwar 5,240,800 a cikin 1974. Daga nan kuma ta fara raguwa sannu a hankali, ta koma 5,062,940 a 2000. Haka kuma an samu raguwar wasu mazauna birane sakamakon manufofin tsugunar da jama'a, da zaftarewar jama'a, da kaura zuwa sabbin garuruwa, tare da raguwar yawan jama'a miliyan 1 daga Glas. 629,000 a shekara ta 2001. Kuma yankunan karkara sun yi asarar yawan jama'a, musamman tsaunuka da Hebrides.<ref>C. G. Brown, "Charting everyday experience", in L. Abrams and C. G. Brown, ''A History of Everyday Life in Twentieth-Century Scotland'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), {{ISBN|0748624317}}, p. 20.</ref>{{Clear}} == Canjin yawan jama'a == [[Fayil:Wfm_buchanan_street.jpg|right|thumb|Mutanen da ke titin Buchanan a [[Glasgow]]. Jama'ar Scotland suna tsufa yayin da yawancin jarirai ke kusa yin ritaya.]] Yawan mutanen Scotland ya karu mafi yawan shekaru tsakanin ƙidayar farko a 1855 har zuwa kusan miliyan 5.2 a 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Population Estimates Time Series Data |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates/population-estimates-time-series-data |access-date=2020-09-01 |archive-date=2012-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028141744/http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2009/births-increase-for-the-sixth-consecutive-year.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, daga 1974 zuwa 2000 akwai raguwar yawan jama'a, tare da yawan [[Mutuwa]] da aka yi a kan haihuwa da kuma ƙaura a kan shige da fice - musamman ga sauran [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]]. Tun daga shekara ta 2000 yawan jama'a ya karu mafi yawan shekaru kuma an yi hasashen zai kai kololuwa a cikin 2028 a miliyan 5.48 sannan daga baya ya ragu zuwa miliyan 5.39 a cikin 2045.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Projected Population of Scotland (2018-based) |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2018-based |access-date=2020-09-01 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001223202/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2018-based |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawan yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5 ya karu da kashi 6% (293,000) a cikin shekaru goma tsakanin 2001 da 2011. Koyaya, yawan yara masu shekaru 5-14 sun ragu da 11% (69,000). Yawan mutanen da suka wuce 65 sun karu da kashi 11% (85,000) kuma yanzu suna wakiltar kashi 17% na yawan jama'a kuma a karo na farko akwai mutane da suka wuce shekaru 65 da ba su kai shekara 15 ba. Abin sha'awa, a cikin 2011 akwai mutane 230,000 sama da shekaru 80.<gallery mode="packed" caption="Fertility statistics"> Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_by_age_grouping_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women by age grouping in Scotland Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_in_single_year_ages_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women in single year ages in Scotland Fayil:Stillbirth_rate_in_Scotland_over_time.svg|Stillbirth rate in Scotland over time </gallery> === Gudun Hijira === Kididdiga ta Burtaniya ta 2021 ta yi rikodin mutane 648,418 waɗanda aka haifa a Scotland amma yanzu suna zaune a Ingila da Wales (1.1% na jimlar yawan jama'a). Kudu maso Gabashin Ingila (mutane 118,021), Arewa maso Yamma na Ingila (89,025) da Greater London (75,004) sune manyan wurare uku da suka fi fice, tare da kusan kashi 43% na al'ummar Scotland da aka haifa a Ingila da Wales. A cikin kwatankwacin ƙidayar da aka gudanar a cikin 2022, akwai 506,207 waɗanda aka haifa a Ingila da kuma mazauna Wales 18,219 da ke zaune a Scotland, jimilar 524,426 (9.6% na jimlar yawan jama'a). 'Yan siyasa da malaman jami'a sun kuma lura cewa a cikin shekarun farko na karni na 21 a baya yanayin ƙaura daga Scotland ya koma baya tare da gagarumin ƙaura zuwa Scotland daga sauran Birtaniya. Tsakanin 2001 da 2011 al'ummar Scotland sun karu da kashi 5% (233,000), mafi saurin bunƙasa aƙalla shekaru 100.] Hakazalika, tun daga shekara ta 2004 ma ana samun karuwar masu shigowa daga sabbin ƙasashe na EU kamar Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania da Latvia, wanda ke ba da gudummawar haɓakar yawan jama'a na baya-bayan nan. Sakamakon haka, tun daga 2002 a hankali yawan haihuwa ya karu tare da haihuwar 53,957 da aka rubuta a cikin 2004, kuma a cikin 2008 adadin haihuwar rai ya kasance 60,041 Tsakanin 2001 da 2022, adadin mazaunan da ba 'yan Burtaniya ba da ke zaune a Scotland ya karu daga 191,571 (jimlar 3.8% na Scotland) zuwa 3.8% na yawan mutanen Scotland. (10.2% na yawan jama'a). <ref name="CountryBirth_22" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Ƙididdigar yawan jama'ar yankin majalisar Scotland (2001 - 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Table 1: Scotland's Census 2022: Usual resident population by sex, council areas, Scotland |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates-data/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=National Records of Scotland }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br /> !Yankin majalisa !Yawan jama'a (2001) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2011) <br /> !Canjin % (2001-11) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2022) <br /> !Canjin % (2011-22) <br /> |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Aberdeen |212,125 |222,800 |5.0 |224,000 |0.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Aberdeenshire |226,871 |253,000 |11.5 |263,900 |4.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Angus |108,400 |116,000 |7.0 |114,400 |−1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Argyll da Bute |91,306 |88,200 |−3.4 |86,000 |−2.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Clackmannanshire |48,077 |51,400 |7.0 |51,800 |0.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Dumfries da Galloway |147,765 |151,300 |2.4 |145,900 |−3.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Dundee |145,663 |147,300 |1.1 |148,100 |1.7 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Ayrshire |120,235 |122,700 |2.1 |120,300 |−2 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Dunbartonshire |108,243 |105,000 |−3.0 |109,000 |3.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Lothian |90,088 |99,700 |10.7 |112,300 |12.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Renfrewshire |89,311 |90,600 |1.4 |96,800 |6.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Sort|Edinburgh|[[City of Edinburgh (council area)|City of Edinburgh]]}} |448,624 |476,600 |6.2 |512,700 |7.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Na h-Eileanan Siar |26,502 |27,700 |4.5 |26,200 |−5.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Falkirk |145,191 |156,000 |7.4 |158,400 |1.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Fife |349,429 |365,200 |4.5 |370,400 |1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow|Birnin Glasgow]] |577,869 |593,200 |2.7 |620,700 |4.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Highland |208,914 |232,100 |11.1 |235,400 |1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Inverclyde |84,203 |81,500 |−3.2 |78,400 |−3.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Midlothian |80,941 |83,200 |2.8 |96,600 |16.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Moray |86,940 |93,300 |7.3 |93,400 |0.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Ayrshire |135,817 |138,200 |1.7 |133,400 |−3.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Lanarkshire |321,067 |337,800 |5.2 |341,000 |0.9 |- | style="text-align:left" |Tsibirin Orkney |19,245 |21,400 |10.9 |22,000 |2.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Perth da Kinross |134,949 |146,700 |8.7 |150,800 |2.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire]] |172,867 |174,900 |1.2 |183,800 |5.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Scotland |106,764 |113,900 |6.7 |116,900 |2.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Tsibirin Shetland |21,988 |23,200 |5.3 |22,900 |−1.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Ayrshire |112,097 |112,800 |0.6 |111,600 |−1.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Lanarkshire |302,216 |313,800 |3.8 |327,200 |4.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Stirling |86,212 |90,200 |4.7 |92,600 |2.7 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Dunbartonshire |93,378 |90,700 |−2.8 |88,400 |−2.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Lothian |158,714 |175,100 |10.3 |181,300 |3.5 |} == Sauran kididdiga == Rarraba jima'i: ''a lokacin haihuwa:'' 1.04 namiji (s) / mace a ƙarƙashin shekaru 15: 1.04 namizi (s) *mace ''Shekaru 15-64:'' 0.94 namiji (shekaru) / mace shekaru 65 da sama: 0.88 namiji (sa) / mace jimlar yawan: 0.94 namizi (sa) *maza (Mid-2011 est.) '''Rayuwa da ake tsammani a lokacin haihuwa (2011):''' <sup class="mw-ref reference" i="">mata:-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"GROSreview2011"},"body":{"html":"<nowiki><a href=\"http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEW4\">The Registrar General’s Annual Review of Demographic Trends 157th Edition 2011</a></nowiki> <nowiki><a about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"external text\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Webarchive&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Webarchive&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20130605215518/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2013-06-05&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130605215518/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf\" id=\"mwEW8\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\">Archived</a></nowiki><nowiki><span about=\"#mwt9\" id=\"mwEXA\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"> 2013-06-05 at the </span></nowiki><nowiki><a about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"3624\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" id=\"mwEXE\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Wayback Machine</a></nowiki><nowiki><link about=\"#mwt9\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" id=\"mwEXI\" rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"></nowiki>, Accessed 10 February 2013"}}' id="cite_ref-GROSreview2011_1-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Demographics_of_Scotland#cite_note-GROSreview2011-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> ''Yawan jama'a:'' shekaru 78.4 ga waɗanda aka haifa a cikin 2010 (cf. 72.2 a cikin 1981) ''namiji:'' shekaru 76.1 ga waɗanda aka Haifa a cikin 2011 (cf. 69.1 a cikin 1981). mace: shekaru 80.6 ga waɗanda akahaifa a cikin 2013 (cf. 75.3 a cikin 198) '''Yawan haihuwa gabaɗaya:''' Yawan haihuwa gaba ɗaya (GFR) ya dogara ne akan yawan haihuwa ga mata 1000 na shekarun haihuwa (watau shekaru 15-44). A shekara ta 2011 an haifi 56.4 ga kowace mace 1000. Don kwatanta, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya kasance mafi girma a lokacin 'ƙananan yara' na shekarun 1960. GFR ta kai yawan haihuwa 99.5 ga mata 1000 a shekarar 1962. A shekara ta 2001 GFR ta fadi zuwa matakin mafi ƙasƙanci bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II na haihuwa 50 ga mata 1000. '''Harsuna:''' [[Turanci]], Scots (ciki har da Doric, Tsakiya da Yankin) da Gaelic '''Aure:''' A cikin 2011 akwai aure 29,135 a Scotland. Wannan karuwar kashi 2.3% ne a kan 2010. Ta hanyar kwatanta tarihi, mafi girma da aka taɓa samu shine 53,522 a cikin 1940. A cikin 1970s an sami matsakaita tsakanin 40 zuwa 45,000 aure a shekara.  Ƙididdigar shekara mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance 27,524 a cikin 2009 kuma mafi ƙanƙanta akan rikodin shine 19,655 a cikin 1858. Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa sune yawan abin da ake kira 'auren yawon bude ido', inda babu wani abokin tarayya da ke zaune a Scotland. A shekara ta 2011 akwai irin waɗannan auren 6,829, wanda kashi 48% ya faru a Gretna, mafi mashahuri daga duk wuraren bikin aure. Haɗin gwiwar jama'a: [1] Dokar Haɗin kai ta 2004 ta fara aiki a cikin Disamba 2005. A cikin 2006 adadin rajistar haɗin gwiwar farar hula ya kasance 1,047. Wani adadi na kashe daya da aka ba da adadin daɗaɗɗen alaƙa waɗanda suka riga sun wanzu waɗanda za a iya yin rajista. Tun daga wannan lokacin adadin bukukuwan a kowace shekara ya ragu daga 688 a 2007 zuwa rajista 465 a 2010. 2011 ya sami karuwa na farko tun 2006 tare da rajista 554. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hye0edagd0o9435tvk3664vtitzw4de 884959 884958 2026-07-19T16:22:20Z Hon.Mubarak 45736 884959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  [[Fayil:Profile_of_Scotland.png|thumb|Bayanan Scotland]] '''yawan jama'a na [[Scotland]]''' ya haɗa da dukkan fannoni na yawan jama'a, na baya da na yanzu, a yankin da ke Scotland. Scotland tana da yawan mutane 5,463,300 a cikin 2019. An kiyasta yawan jama'a a cikin 2011 a matsayin 0.6% a kowace shekara bisa ga Binciken Shekara-shekara na GROS na 2011. Yana rufe yanki na kilomita 78,78 (30,418 sq , Scotland tana da yawan jama'a na {{Convert|67.2|/km2|/sqmi}} (174/sq . Kimanin kashi 70% na yawan mutanen ƙasar (miliyan 3.5) suna zaune a cikin Central Belt - yankin da ke cikin arewa maso gabas- kudu maso yamma tsakanin manyan Biranen Scotland na [[Edinburgh]] da [[Glasgow]], gami da manyan ƙauyuka na Paisley, Stirling, Falkirk, Perth da Dundee, a cikin Lowlands na Tsakiya (80%). Sauran yawan jama'a sun haɗa da gabar arewa maso gabashin Scotland, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da biranen Aberdeen da Inverness, da kuma gabar yammacin da ke kusa le garin Ayr. Highlands na Scotland da tsibirin tsibirin Eilean Siar suna da mafi ƙarancin yawan jama'a a 9 / km2 (23/sq mi). Glasgow tana da mafi yawan jama'a a 3,28{{Convert|9|/km2|/sqmi}} mi). Har zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011, alhakin kimanta yawan mutanen Scotland, da kuma yin rikodin haihuwa, [[Mutuwa]] da [[Aure]], Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland (GROS) ne ke kula da shi, wanda Babban Rijistar na Scotland ke jagoranta. Daga 1 ga Afrilu shekara ta 2011 zuwa gaba, GROS ya haɗu da Tarihin Kasa na Scotland don zama Tarihin Kasa na Scotland. Har yanzu ana buƙatar sabon ƙungiyar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Dokar Rijistar Haihuwa, Mutuwa da Aure (Scotland) shekara ta 1965, don gabatar da rahoton shekara-shekara na Janar-Janar game da yanayin yawan jama'a ga Gwamnatin Scotland. Tare da sauran [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]], National Records for Scotland kuma tana da alhakin gudanar da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na shekaru goma. Kwanan nan ya faru ne a watan Maris na shekara ta 2022. == Yawan jama'a na tarihi == === Canjin yawan jama'a a tsawon lokaci === A cikin Ƙasar Ingila, ana yin ƙidaya a kowace shekara goma daga 1801 zuwa gaba; ban da 1941 saboda [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]]. Bayanan yawan jama'a na shekaru da suka gabata an bayar da su daga kundin adireshi da jaridu {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" !Shekara !Yawan jama'a |- !1500 | style="text-align:right;" |500,000 |- !1600 | style="text-align:right;" |800,000 |- !1707 | style="text-align:right;" |1,000,000 |- !1755 | style="text-align:right;" |1,265,380 |- !1801 | style="text-align:right;" |1,608,420 |- !1811 | style="text-align:right;" |1,805,864 |- !1821 | style="text-align:right;" |2,091,521 |- !1831 | style="text-align:right;" |2,364,386 |- !1841 | style="text-align:right;" |2,620,184 |- !1851 | style="text-align:right;" |2,888,742 |- !1861 | style="text-align:right;" |3,062,294 |- !1871 | style="text-align:right;" |3,360,018 |- !1881 | style="text-align:right;" |3,735,578 |- !1891 | style="text-align:right;" |4,025,647 |- !1901 | style="text-align:right;" |4,472,103 |- !1911 | style="text-align:right;" |4,760,904 |- !1921 | style="text-align:right;" |4,882,407 |- !1931 | style="text-align:right;" |4,842,989 |- !1939^a | style="text-align:right;" |5,006,700 |- !1951 | style="text-align:right;" |5,095,969 |- !1961^b | style="text-align:right;" |5,179,000 |- !1971 | style="text-align:right;" |5,229,000 |- !1981 | style="text-align:right;" |5,035,000 |- !1991^c | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 |- !2001 | style="text-align:right;" |5,062,000 |- !2011 | style="text-align:right;" |5,295,000 |- !2022 | style="text-align:right;" |5,436,000 |} Bayani a. Babu ƙidaya a cikin Shekarar 1941 duk da haka akwai National Register of the Civilian Population a cikin 1939 {{Historical populations|1855|2978065|1860|3054738|1870|3336712|1880|3705994|1890|4003131|1900|4436958|1910|4738611|1920|4866866|1930|4828004|1940|4841241|1950|5114513|1960|5177658|1970|5213700|1980|5193900|1990|5081270|2000|5062940|2010|5262200|2020|5413100|2023|5490100}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Rounded population estimates |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en |archive-date=2024-03-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329140551/https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/2022-results/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" ! scope="col" |Shekaru ! scope="col" |1901 ! scope="col" |1931 ! scope="col" |1951 ! scope="col" |1961 !1971 !1981 !1991 !2001 ! scope="col" |2011 !2022 |- |'''Shekaru 0-14''' |33 |27 |25 |26 |25.9 |21.4 |18.9 |17.9 |16.1 |15.3 |- |'''Shekaru 15-64''' |62 |66 |65 |64 |61.8 |64.5 |65.8 |66.2 |67.1 |64.6 |- |'''Shekaru 65 da sama''' |5 |7 |10 |11 |12.3 |14.1 |15.3 |15.9 |16.8 |20.1 |- |'''Jimillar (%) ''' |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |100 |} === Haihuwar haihuwa da mutuwa === [[Fayil:Life_expectancy_in_Scotland.svg|thumb|Rayuwa mai tsawo a Scotland a tsawon lokaci]] '''Tebur na haihuwa da mutuwa tun daga 1900''' {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! ! style="width:80pt;" |Matsakaicin yawan jama'a ! style="width:80pt;" |Haihuwar rayuwa ! style="width:80pt;" |Mutuwa ! style="width:80pt;" |Canjin yanayi ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan haihuwa (a kowace shekara 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan mace-mace (a kowace shekara 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Canjin halitta (a kowace 1000) ! style="width:80pt;" |Yawan haihuwa |- |1900 | style="text-align:right;" |4,437,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,401 | style="text-align:right;" |82,296 | style="text-align:right;" |49,105 | style="text-align:right;" |29.6 | style="text-align:right;" |18.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 |- |1901 | style="text-align:right;" |4,479,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,192 | style="text-align:right;" |80,107 | style="text-align:right;" |52,085 | style="text-align:right;" |29.5 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 |- |1902 | style="text-align:right;" |4,507,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,267 | style="text-align:right;" |77,941 | style="text-align:right;" |54,326 | style="text-align:right;" |29.4 | style="text-align:right;" |17.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 |- |1903 | style="text-align:right;" |4,536,000 | style="text-align:right;" |133,525 | style="text-align:right;" |76,002 | style="text-align:right;" |57,523 | style="text-align:right;" |29.4 | style="text-align:right;" |16.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.7 |- |1904 | style="text-align:right;" |4,564,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,603 | style="text-align:right;" |77,981 | style="text-align:right;" |54,622 | style="text-align:right;" |29.1 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 |- |1905 | style="text-align:right;" |4,593,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,410 | style="text-align:right;" |74,536 | style="text-align:right;" |56,874 | style="text-align:right;" |28.6 | style="text-align:right;" |16.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 |- |1906 | style="text-align:right;" |4,621,000 | style="text-align:right;" |132,005 | style="text-align:right;" |75,635 | style="text-align:right;" |56,370 | style="text-align:right;" |28.6 | style="text-align:right;" |16.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 |- |1907 | style="text-align:right;" |4,650,000 | style="text-align:right;" |128,840 | style="text-align:right;" |77,296 | style="text-align:right;" |51,544 | style="text-align:right;" |27.7 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 |- |1908 | style="text-align:right;" |4,680,000 | style="text-align:right;" |131,362 | style="text-align:right;" |77,838 | style="text-align:right;" |53,524 | style="text-align:right;" |28.1 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.4 |- |1909 | style="text-align:right;" |4,709,000 | style="text-align:right;" |128,669 | style="text-align:right;" |74,632 | style="text-align:right;" |54,037 | style="text-align:right;" |27.3 | style="text-align:right;" |15.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 |- |1910 | style="text-align:right;" |4,739,000 | style="text-align:right;" |124,059 | style="text-align:right;" |72,268 | style="text-align:right;" |51,791 | style="text-align:right;" |26.2 | style="text-align:right;" |15.2 | style="text-align:right;" |11.0 |- |1911 | style="text-align:right;" |4,751,000 | style="text-align:right;" |121,850 | style="text-align:right;" |71,732 | style="text-align:right;" |50,118 | style="text-align:right;" |25.7 | style="text-align:right;" |15.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1912 | style="text-align:right;" |4,741,000 | style="text-align:right;" |122,790 | style="text-align:right;" |72,340 | style="text-align:right;" |50,450 | style="text-align:right;" |25.9 | style="text-align:right;" |15.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1913 | style="text-align:right;" |4,728,000 | style="text-align:right;" |120,516 | style="text-align:right;" |73,069 | style="text-align:right;" |47,447 | style="text-align:right;" |25.5 | style="text-align:right;" |15.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.0 |- |1914 | style="text-align:right;" |4,747,000 | style="text-align:right;" |123,934 | style="text-align:right;" |73,557 | style="text-align:right;" |50,377 | style="text-align:right;" |26.1 | style="text-align:right;" |15.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 |- |1915 | style="text-align:right;" |4,771,000 | style="text-align:right;" |114,181 | style="text-align:right;" |81,631 | style="text-align:right;" |32,550 | style="text-align:right;" |23.9 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.8 |- |1916 | style="text-align:right;" |4,795,000 | style="text-align:right;" |109,942 | style="text-align:right;" |70,640 | style="text-align:right;" |39,302 | style="text-align:right;" |22.9 | style="text-align:right;" |14.7 | style="text-align:right;" |8.2 |- |1917 | style="text-align:right;" |4,810,000 | style="text-align:right;" |97,441 | style="text-align:right;" |69,483 | style="text-align:right;" |27,958 | style="text-align:right;" |20.2 | style="text-align:right;" |14.4 | style="text-align:right;" |5.8 |- |1918 | style="text-align:right;" |4,812,000 | style="text-align:right;" |98,554 | style="text-align:right;" |78,372 | style="text-align:right;" |20,182 | style="text-align:right;" |20.5 | style="text-align:right;" |16.3 | style="text-align:right;" |4.2 |- |1919 | style="text-align:right;" |4,820,000 | style="text-align:right;" |106,268 | style="text-align:right;" |75,149 | style="text-align:right;" |31,119 | style="text-align:right;" |22.1 | style="text-align:right;" |15.6 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1920 | style="text-align:right;" |4,864,000 | style="text-align:right;" |136,546 | style="text-align:right;" |68,179 | style="text-align:right;" |68,367 | style="text-align:right;" |28.1 | style="text-align:right;" |14.0 | style="text-align:right;" |14.1 |- |1921 | style="text-align:right;" |4,882,000 | style="text-align:right;" |123,201 | style="text-align:right;" |66,210 | style="text-align:right;" |56,991 | style="text-align:right;" |25.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 |- |1922 | style="text-align:right;" |4,898,000 | style="text-align:right;" |115,085 | style="text-align:right;" |72,905 | style="text-align:right;" |42,180 | style="text-align:right;" |23.5 | style="text-align:right;" |14.9 | style="text-align:right;" |8.6 |- |1923 | style="text-align:right;" |4,888,000 | style="text-align:right;" |111,902 | style="text-align:right;" |63,283 | style="text-align:right;" |48,619 | style="text-align:right;" |22.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |9.9 |- |1924 | style="text-align:right;" |4,862,000 | style="text-align:right;" |106,900 | style="text-align:right;" |70,357 | style="text-align:right;" |36,543 | style="text-align:right;" |22.0 | style="text-align:right;" |14.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.5 |- |1925 | style="text-align:right;" |4,867,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,137 | style="text-align:right;" |65,507 | style="text-align:right;" |38,630 | style="text-align:right;" |21.4 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1926 | style="text-align:right;" |4,864,000 | style="text-align:right;" |102,449 | style="text-align:right;" |63,780 | style="text-align:right;" |38,669 | style="text-align:right;" |21.1 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1927 | style="text-align:right;" |4,853,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,672 | style="text-align:right;" |65,830 | style="text-align:right;" |30,842 | style="text-align:right;" |19.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.6 | style="text-align:right;" |6.4 |- |1928 | style="text-align:right;" |4,848,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,822 | style="text-align:right;" |65,271 | style="text-align:right;" |31,551 | style="text-align:right;" |20.0 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1929 | style="text-align:right;" |4,832,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,880 | style="text-align:right;" |70,917 | style="text-align:right;" |21,963 | style="text-align:right;" |19.2 | style="text-align:right;" |14.7 | style="text-align:right;" |4.6 |- |1930 | style="text-align:right;" |4,828,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,549 | style="text-align:right;" |64,285 | style="text-align:right;" |30,264 | style="text-align:right;" |19.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1931 | style="text-align:right;" |4,843,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,220 | style="text-align:right;" |64,229 | style="text-align:right;" |27,991 | style="text-align:right;" |19.0 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |5.8 |- |1932 | style="text-align:right;" |4,883,000 | style="text-align:right;" |91,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,045 | style="text-align:right;" |24,955 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1933 | style="text-align:right;" |4,912,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,546 | style="text-align:right;" |64,848 | style="text-align:right;" |21,698 | style="text-align:right;" |17.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.4 |- |1934 | style="text-align:right;" |4,934,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,836 | style="text-align:right;" |63,741 | style="text-align:right;" |25,095 | style="text-align:right;" |18.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1935 | style="text-align:right;" |4,953,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,928 | style="text-align:right;" |65,331 | style="text-align:right;" |22,597 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.6 |- |1936 | style="text-align:right;" |4,966,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,928 | style="text-align:right;" |66,749 | style="text-align:right;" |22,179 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |13.4 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1937 | style="text-align:right;" |4,977,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,810 | style="text-align:right;" |68,942 | style="text-align:right;" |18,868 | style="text-align:right;" |17.6 | style="text-align:right;" |13.9 | style="text-align:right;" |3.8 |- |1938 | style="text-align:right;" |4,993,000 | style="text-align:right;" |88,627 | style="text-align:right;" |62,953 | style="text-align:right;" |25,674 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1939 | style="text-align:right;" |5,007,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,913 | style="text-align:right;" |64,413 | style="text-align:right;" |22,500 | style="text-align:right;" |17.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1940 | style="text-align:right;" |5,065,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,392 | style="text-align:right;" |72,775 | style="text-align:right;" |13,617 | style="text-align:right;" |17.1 | style="text-align:right;" |14.9 | style="text-align:right;" |2.2 |- |1941 | style="text-align:right;" |5,160,000 | style="text-align:right;" |89,748 | style="text-align:right;" |72,558 | style="text-align:right;" |17,190 | style="text-align:right;" |17.4 | style="text-align:right;" |14.6 | style="text-align:right;" |2.8 |- |1942 | style="text-align:right;" |5,174,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,703 | style="text-align:right;" |64,963 | style="text-align:right;" |25,740 | style="text-align:right;" |17.5 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.3 |- |1943 | style="text-align:right;" |5,189,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,669 | style="text-align:right;" |66,733 | style="text-align:right;" |27,936 | style="text-align:right;" |18.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.4 |- |1944 | style="text-align:right;" |5,210,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,920 | style="text-align:right;" |64,603 | style="text-align:right;" |31,317 | style="text-align:right;" |18.4 | style="text-align:right;" |13.5 | style="text-align:right;" |4.9 |- |1945 | style="text-align:right;" |5,187,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,924 | style="text-align:right;" |62,655 | style="text-align:right;" |24,269 | style="text-align:right;" |16.8 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |3.7 |- |1946 | style="text-align:right;" |5,167,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,413 | style="text-align:right;" |64,605 | style="text-align:right;" |39,808 | style="text-align:right;" |20.2 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1947 | style="text-align:right;" |5,120,000 | style="text-align:right;" |113,147 | style="text-align:right;" |66,200 | style="text-align:right;" |46,947 | style="text-align:right;" |22.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |9.2 |- |1948 | style="text-align:right;" |5,150,000 | style="text-align:right;" |100,344 | style="text-align:right;" |60,979 | style="text-align:right;" |39,365 | style="text-align:right;" |19.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |7.6 |- |1949 | style="text-align:right;" |5,156,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,674 | style="text-align:right;" |63,488 | style="text-align:right;" |32,186 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |6.2 |- |1950 | style="text-align:right;" |5,168,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,530 | style="text-align:right;" |63,996 | style="text-align:right;" |28,534 | style="text-align:right;" |17.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |5.5 |- |1951 | style="text-align:right;" |5,102,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,639 | style="text-align:right;" |65,778 | style="text-align:right;" |24,861 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |4.9 |- |1952 | style="text-align:right;" |5,101,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,422 | style="text-align:right;" |61,510 | style="text-align:right;" |28,912 | style="text-align:right;" |17.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |5.7 |- |1953 | style="text-align:right;" |5,100,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,913 | style="text-align:right;" |58,878 | style="text-align:right;" |32,035 | style="text-align:right;" |17.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1954 | style="text-align:right;" |5,104,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,315 | style="text-align:right;" |61,380 | style="text-align:right;" |30,935 | style="text-align:right;" |18.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |6.1 |- |1955 | style="text-align:right;" |5,111,000 | style="text-align:right;" |92,539 | style="text-align:right;" |61,645 | style="text-align:right;" |30,894 | style="text-align:right;" |18.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.0 |- |1956 | style="text-align:right;" |5,120,000 | style="text-align:right;" |95,313 | style="text-align:right;" |61,792 | style="text-align:right;" |33,521 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |6.5 |- |1957 | style="text-align:right;" |5,125,000 | style="text-align:right;" |97,977 | style="text-align:right;" |61,143 | style="text-align:right;" |36,834 | style="text-align:right;" |19.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1958 | style="text-align:right;" |5,141,000 | style="text-align:right;" |99,481 | style="text-align:right;" |62,065 | style="text-align:right;" |37,416 | style="text-align:right;" |19.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.3 |- |1959 | style="text-align:right;" |5,163,000 | style="text-align:right;" |99,251 | style="text-align:right;" |63,061 | style="text-align:right;" |36,190 | style="text-align:right;" |19.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |7.0 |- |1960 | style="text-align:right;" |5,178,000 | style="text-align:right;" |101,292 | style="text-align:right;" |61,764 | style="text-align:right;" |39,528 | style="text-align:right;" |19.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |7.6 |- |1961 | style="text-align:right;" |5,184,000 | style="text-align:right;" |101,169 | style="text-align:right;" |63,928 | style="text-align:right;" |37,241 | style="text-align:right;" |19.5 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |7.2 |- |1962 | style="text-align:right;" |5,198,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,334 | style="text-align:right;" |63,189 | style="text-align:right;" |41,145 | style="text-align:right;" |20.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |7.9 |- |1963 | style="text-align:right;" |5,205,000 | style="text-align:right;" |102,691 | style="text-align:right;" |65,521 | style="text-align:right;" |37,170 | style="text-align:right;" |19.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |7.1 |- |1964 | style="text-align:right;" |5,209,000 | style="text-align:right;" |104,355 | style="text-align:right;" |61,039 | style="text-align:right;" |43,316 | style="text-align:right;" |20.0 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right;" |8.3 |- |1965 | style="text-align:right;" |5,210,000 | style="text-align:right;" |100,660 | style="text-align:right;" |62,868 | style="text-align:right;" |37,792 | style="text-align:right;" |19.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |7.3 |- |1966 | style="text-align:right;" |5,201,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,536 | style="text-align:right;" |63,689 | style="text-align:right;" |32,847 | style="text-align:right;" |18.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |6.3 |- |1967 | style="text-align:right;" |5,198,000 | style="text-align:right;" |96,221 | style="text-align:right;" |59,523 | style="text-align:right;" |36,698 | style="text-align:right;" |18.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |7.1 |- |1968 | style="text-align:right;" |5,200,000 | style="text-align:right;" |94,786 | style="text-align:right;" |63,311 | style="text-align:right;" |31,475 | style="text-align:right;" |18.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |6.1 |- |1969 | style="text-align:right;" |5,209,000 | style="text-align:right;" |90,290 | style="text-align:right;" |63,821 | style="text-align:right;" |26,469 | style="text-align:right;" |17.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |5.1 |- |1970 | style="text-align:right;" |5,215,000 | style="text-align:right;" |87,335 | style="text-align:right;" |63,640 | style="text-align:right;" |23,695 | style="text-align:right;" |16.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |4.5 |- |1971 | style="text-align:right;" |5,219,000 | style="text-align:right;" |86,728 | style="text-align:right;" |61,614 | style="text-align:right;" |25,114 | style="text-align:right;" |16.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |4.8 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.53 |- |1972 | style="text-align:right;" |5,223,000 | style="text-align:right;" |78,550 | style="text-align:right;" |65,017 | style="text-align:right;" |13,533 | style="text-align:right;" |15.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |2.6 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.27 |- |1973 | style="text-align:right;" |5,225,000 | style="text-align:right;" |74,392 | style="text-align:right;" |64,545 | style="text-align:right;" |9,847 | style="text-align:right;" |14.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.9 | style="text-align:right; color:blue;" |2.13 |- |1974 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226,000 | style="text-align:right;" |70,093 | style="text-align:right;" |64,740 | style="text-align:right;" |5,353 | style="text-align:right;" |13.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.97 |- |1975 | style="text-align:right;" |5,227,000 | style="text-align:right;" |67,943 | style="text-align:right;" |63,125 | style="text-align:right;" |4,818 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.90 |- |1976 | style="text-align:right;" |5,227,000 | style="text-align:right;" |64,895 | style="text-align:right;" |65,253 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -358 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.80 |- |1977 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226,000 | style="text-align:right;" |62,342 | style="text-align:right;" |62,294 | style="text-align:right;" |48 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right;" |0.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1978 | style="text-align:right;" |5,212,000 | style="text-align:right;" |64,295 | style="text-align:right;" |65,123 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -828 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.74 |- |1979 | style="text-align:right;" |5,204,000 | style="text-align:right;" |68,366 | style="text-align:right;" |65,747 | style="text-align:right;" |2,619 | style="text-align:right;" |13.1 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1980 | style="text-align:right;" |5,194,000 | style="text-align:right;" |68,892 | style="text-align:right;" |63,299 | style="text-align:right;" |5,593 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1981 | style="text-align:right;" |5,180,000 | style="text-align:right;" |69,054 | style="text-align:right;" |63,828 | style="text-align:right;" |5,226 | style="text-align:right;" |13.3 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.84 |- |1982 | style="text-align:right;" |5,165,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,196 | style="text-align:right;" |65,022 | style="text-align:right;" |1,174 | style="text-align:right;" |12.8 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.74 |- |1983 | style="text-align:right;" |5,148,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,078 | style="text-align:right;" |63,454 | style="text-align:right;" |1,624 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right;" |12.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1984 | style="text-align:right;" |5,139,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,106 | style="text-align:right;" |62,345 | style="text-align:right;" |2,761 | style="text-align:right;" |12.7 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1985 | style="text-align:right;" |5,128,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,676 | style="text-align:right;" |63,967 | style="text-align:right;" |2,709 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |1986 | style="text-align:right;" |5,112,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,812 | style="text-align:right;" |63,467 | style="text-align:right;" |2,345 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1987 | style="text-align:right;" |5,099,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,241 | style="text-align:right;" |62,014 | style="text-align:right;" |4,227 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1988 | style="text-align:right;" |5,077,000 | style="text-align:right;" |66,212 | style="text-align:right;" |61,957 | style="text-align:right;" |4,255 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |1989 | style="text-align:right;" |5,078,000 | style="text-align:right;" |63,480 | style="text-align:right;" |65,017 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,537 | style="text-align:right;" |12.5 | style="text-align:right;" |12.8 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.61 |- |1990 | style="text-align:right;" |5,081,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,973 | style="text-align:right;" |61,527 | style="text-align:right;" |4,446 | style="text-align:right;" |13.0 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.67 |- |1991 | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 | style="text-align:right;" |67,024 | style="text-align:right;" |61,041 | style="text-align:right;" |5,983 | style="text-align:right;" |13.2 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.69 |- |1992 | style="text-align:right;" |5,086,000 | style="text-align:right;" |65,789 | style="text-align:right;" |60,937 | style="text-align:right;" |4,852 | style="text-align:right;" |12.9 | style="text-align:right;" |12.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.67 |- |1993 | style="text-align:right;" |5,092,000 | style="text-align:right;" |63,337 | style="text-align:right;" |64,049 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -712 | style="text-align:right;" |12.4 | style="text-align:right;" |12.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.62 |- |1994 | style="text-align:right;" |5,102,000 | style="text-align:right;" |61,656 | style="text-align:right;" |59,328 | style="text-align:right;" |2,328 | style="text-align:right;" |12.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right;" |0.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |1995 | style="text-align:right;" |5,104,000 | style="text-align:right;" |60,051 | style="text-align:right;" |60,500 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -449 | style="text-align:right;" |11.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.55 |- |1996 | style="text-align:right;" |5,092,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,296 | style="text-align:right;" |60,654 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,358 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.56 |- |1997 | style="text-align:right;" |5,083,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,440 | style="text-align:right;" |59,494 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -54 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |1998 | style="text-align:right;" |5,077,000 | style="text-align:right;" |57,319 | style="text-align:right;" |59,164 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,845 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.55 |- |1999 | style="text-align:right;" |5,072,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,147 | style="text-align:right;" |60,281 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,134 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |11.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.51 |- |2000 | style="text-align:right;" |5,063,000 | style="text-align:right;" |53,076 | style="text-align:right;" |57,799 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,723 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |11.4 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.48 |- |2001 | style="text-align:right;" |5,064,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,527 | style="text-align:right;" |57,380 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -4,853 | style="text-align:right;" |10.4 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.49 |- |2002 | style="text-align:right;" |5,055,000 | style="text-align:right;" |51,270 | style="text-align:right;" |58,103 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,833 | style="text-align:right;" |10.1 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.47 |- |2003 | style="text-align:right;" |5,057,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,432 | style="text-align:right;" |58,472 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -6,040 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.2 | style="text-align:right;" |1.52 |- |2004 | style="text-align:right;" |5,078,000 | style="text-align:right;" |53,957 | style="text-align:right;" |56,187 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,230 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.58 |- |2005 | style="text-align:right;" |5,095,000 | style="text-align:right;" |54,386 | style="text-align:right;" |55,747 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1,361 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.60 |- |2006 | style="text-align:right;" |5,117,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,690 | style="text-align:right;" |55,093 | style="text-align:right;" |597 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |0.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.64 |- |2007 | style="text-align:right;" |5,144,000 | style="text-align:right;" |57,781 | style="text-align:right;" |55,986 | style="text-align:right;" |1,795 | style="text-align:right;" |11.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.70 |- |2008 | style="text-align:right;" |5,169,000 | style="text-align:right;" |60,041 | style="text-align:right;" |55,700 | style="text-align:right;" |4,341 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.77 |- |2009 | style="text-align:right;" |5,194,000 | style="text-align:right;" |59,046 | style="text-align:right;" |53,856 | style="text-align:right;" |5,190 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.73 |- |2010 | style="text-align:right;" |5,222,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,791 | style="text-align:right;" |53,967 | style="text-align:right;" |4,824 | style="text-align:right;" |11.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.72 |- |2011 | style="text-align:right;" |5,255,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,590 | style="text-align:right;" |53,661 | style="text-align:right;" |4,931 | style="text-align:right;" |11.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.8 | style="text-align:right;" |1.69 |- |2012 | style="text-align:right;" |5,313,000 | style="text-align:right;" |58,027 | style="text-align:right;" |54,937 | style="text-align:right;" |3,090 | style="text-align:right;" |10.9 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.68 |- |2013 | style="text-align:right;" |5,327,000 | style="text-align:right;" |56,014 | style="text-align:right;" |54,700 | style="text-align:right;" |1,314 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |0.3 | style="text-align:right;" |1.62 |- |2014 | style="text-align:right;" |5,347,000 | style="text-align:right;" |56,725 | style="text-align:right;" |54,239 | style="text-align:right;" |2,486 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right;" |10.2 | style="text-align:right;" |0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.64 |- |2015 | style="text-align:right;" |5,373,000 | style="text-align:right;" |55,098 | style="text-align:right;" |57,566 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,470 | style="text-align:right;" |10.3 | style="text-align:right;" |10.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.59 |- |2016 | style="text-align:right;" |5,404,000 | style="text-align:right;" |54,488 | style="text-align:right;" |56,728 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2,240 | style="text-align:right;" |10.1 | style="text-align:right;" |10.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -0.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.56 |- |2017 | style="text-align:right;" |5,424,000 | style="text-align:right;" |52,861 | style="text-align:right;" |57,883 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -5,022 | style="text-align:right;" |9.8 | style="text-align:right;" |10.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.0 | style="text-align:right;" |1.51 |- |2018 | style="text-align:right;" |5,438,000 | style="text-align:right;" |51,308 | style="text-align:right;" |58,503 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -7,192 | style="text-align:right;" |9.5 | style="text-align:right;" |10.8 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.4 | style="text-align:right;" |1.46 |- |2019 | style="text-align:right;" |5,463,000 | style="text-align:right;" |49,863 | style="text-align:right;" |58,108 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -8,245 | style="text-align:right;" |9.2 | style="text-align:right;" |10.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -1.5 | style="text-align:right;" |1.42 |- |2020 | style="text-align:right;" |5,466,000 | style="text-align:right;" |46,809 | style="text-align:right;" |64,093 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -17,284 | style="text-align:right; " |8.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.7 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.1 | style="text-align:right;" |1.33 |- |2021 | style="text-align:right;" |5,479,900 | style="text-align:right;" |47,786 | style="text-align:right;" |63,587 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,824 | style="text-align:right;" |8.8 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.36 |- |2022 (c) | style="text-align:right;" |5,436,600 | style="text-align:right;" |46,959 | style="text-align:right;" |62,941 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -15,982 | style="text-align:right;" |8.6 | style="text-align:right;" |11.5 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -2.9 | style="text-align:right;" |1.33 |- |2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vital Events Reference Tables 2023 |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/vital-events/general-publications/vital-events-reference-tables/2023 |access-date=15 August 2024 |website=National Records of Scotland }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:right;" |5,490,100 | style="text-align:right; " |45,935 | style="text-align:right;" |63,445 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -17,510 | style="text-align:right;" |8.4 | style="text-align:right;" |11.6 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.2 | style="text-align:right; " |1.30 |- |2024 | style="text-align:right;" |5,539,000 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |45,760 | style="text-align:right;" |62,232 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -16,472 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |8.3 | style="text-align:right;" |11.3 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" | -3.0 | style="text-align:right; color:red;" |1.29 |} (c) = sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a na 2022. * Tushen: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321025129/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/index.html Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900] === Kididdigar muhimmancin yanzu === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ !Lokacin !Haihuwar rayuwa !Mutuwa !Ƙaruwar halitta |- |'''Janairu-Yuni 2024''' |22,567 |31,435 | -8,868 |- |'''Janairu-Yuni 2025''' |22,256 |30,557 | -8,301 |- |'''Bambanci''' | -311 (-1.38%){{Decrease}} | -878 (-2.79%){{DecreasePositive}} | +567{{Increase}} |} === Gidaje ta yawan jama'a ===   Wuraren haihuwar da masu amsa suka bayar ga ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sune kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! rowspan="2" |Kasar haihuwar ! colspan="2" |1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991">{{Cite web |title=1991 census - local base statistics |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/datasets/lbs91 |access-date=14 June 2023 |publisher=Nomis: Official Census and Labour Market Statistics}} ''Tables L01 to L18: Demographic and economic characteristics > L07 Country of birth''</ref> ! colspan="2" |2001 ! colspan="2" |2011 ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="CountryBirth_22">{{Cite web |title=Table UV204 - Country of birth: Country by Country of Birth by Individuals |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/location/topics/list?topic=Ethnicity,%20Identity,%20Language%20and%20Religion&categoryId=4 |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=National Records of Scotland}} '2022' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Country of birth: UV204'</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|United Kingdom}} !4,849,580 !97.0% !4,870,440 !96.2% !4,926,119 !93.0% !4,884,959 !89.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Scotland}} |4,454,065 |89.11% |4,410,400 |87.13% |4,411,884 |83.32% |4,321,512 |79.44% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|England}} |354,268 |7.09% |408,948 |8.08% |459,486 |8.68% |506,207 |9.31% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Wales}} |14,710 |0.29% |16,623 |0.33% |17,381 |0.33% |18,219 |0.33% |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Flag|Northern Ireland|union}} |26,393 |0.53% |33,528 |0.66% |36,655 |0.69% |37,260 |0.68% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Burtaniya da ba a bayyana ba{{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} |144 |<0.01% |941 |0.02% |713 |0.01% |1,763 |0.03% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Kasashen [[Tarayyar Turai|Tarayyar Turai (EU)]] {{Flagicon|European Union}} ! ! !41,836 !0.83% !137,285 !2.59% !234,363 !4.31% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Irish people in Great Britain|Ireland]]{{Flagicon|Ireland}} |22,773 |0.46% |21,774 |0.43% |22,952 |0.43% |22,083 |0.41% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran kasashe membobin EU (sun shiga kafin 2001) {{Flag|EU}} | | | | |59,031 |1.11% | | |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Poles in the United Kingdom|Poland]]{{Flagicon|Poland}} |3,623 |0.07% |2,505 |0.05% |55,231 |1.04% |75,351 |1.39% |- | style="text-align:left" |EU Sauran kasashe membobin (sun shiga bayan 2001) {{Flag|EU}} | | | | |78,254 |1.48% | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Kasashen da ba na Burtaniya ba / Tarayyar Turai ! ! ! ! ! ! !320,520 !5.89% |- | | | | | | | | | |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''4,998,567''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,062,011''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,295,403''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,439,842''' |'''100.00%''' |- |} Adadin mutanen da ke zaune a Scotland da aka haifa a waje da Burtaniya ya kasance 10.2% a 2022, idan aka kwatanta da 7.0% a 2011, 3.8% a 2001 da 3.0% a 1991. Da ke ƙasa akwai ƙungiyoyi goma sha biyar mafi girma a ƙasashen waje a Scotland bisa ga ƙidayar shekara ta shekara ta 2022, tare da ƙididdigar da ta gabata guda uku.<ref name="CountryBirth_22"/> {| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |Kasar haihuwar ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2022<ref name="CountryBirth_22"/> ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2011 ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |2001 ! style="text-align:center; background:#9dbec3;" |1991<ref name="GB_LBS91_1991"/> |- |[[Poles in the United Kingdom|Poland]]{{Flagicon|Poland}} | style="text-align:right" |75,351 | style="text-align:right" |55,231 | style="text-align:right" |2,505 | style="text-align:right" |3,623 |- |{{Flag|India}} | style="text-align:right" |37,729 | style="text-align:right" |23,489 | style="text-align:right" |10,523 | style="text-align:right" |9,006 |- |{{Flag|Pakistan}} | style="text-align:right" |28,891 | style="text-align:right" |20,039 | style="text-align:right" |12,645 | style="text-align:right" |9,411 |- |[[Americans in the United Kingdom|Amurka]]{{Flagicon|USA}} | style="text-align:right" |23,863 | style="text-align:right" |15,919 | style="text-align:right" |11,149 | style="text-align:right" |12,589 |- |[[Germans in the United Kingdom|Jamus]]{{Flagicon|Germany}} | style="text-align:right" |23,315 | style="text-align:right" |22,274 | style="text-align:right" |18,703 | style="text-align:right" |13,898 |- |[[Irish people in Great Britain|Ireland]]{{Flagicon|Ireland}} | style="text-align:right" |22,083 | style="text-align:right" |22,952 | style="text-align:right" |21,774 | style="text-align:right" |22,773 |- |{{Flag|China}} | style="text-align:right" |21,396 | style="text-align:right" |15,338 | style="text-align:right" |3,329 | style="text-align:right" |1,726 |- |[['Yan Najeriya na Burtaniya|Najeriya]]{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} | style="text-align:right" |21,286 | style="text-align:right" |9,458 | style="text-align:right" |1,253 | style="text-align:right" |854 |- |[[South Africans in the United Kingdom|Afirka ta Kudu]]{{Flagicon|South Africa}} | style="text-align:right" |15,253 | style="text-align:right" |10,607 | style="text-align:right" |7,803 | style="text-align:right" |1,427 |- |[[Italians in the United Kingdom|Italiya]]{{Flagicon|Italy}} | style="text-align:right" |14,486 | style="text-align:right" |6,048 | style="text-align:right" |4,936 | style="text-align:right" |3,947 |- |[[Spaniards in the United Kingdom|Spain]]{{Flagicon|Spain}} | style="text-align:right" |12,208 | style="text-align:right" |4,908 | style="text-align:right" |2,555 | style="text-align:right" |1,042 |- |[[Romanians in the United Kingdom|Romania]]{{Flagicon|Romania}} | style="text-align:right" |12,102 | style="text-align:right" |2,387 | style="text-align:right" |327 | style="text-align:right" |122 |- |[[Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom|Hong Kong]]{{Flagicon|Hong Kong}} | style="text-align:right" |11,901 | style="text-align:right" |7,586 | style="text-align:right" |7,068 | style="text-align:right" |5,910 |- |[[Canadians in the United Kingdom|Kanada]]{{Flagicon|Canada}} | style="text-align:right" |9,920 | style="text-align:right" |9,435 | style="text-align:right" |8,569 | style="text-align:right" |7,956 |- |[[Australians in the United Kingdom|Ostiraliya]]{{Flagicon|Australia}} | style="text-align:right" |9,575 | style="text-align:right" |8,279 | style="text-align:right" |7,555 | style="text-align:right" |5,047 |- !Gabaɗaya - duk an haife su a ƙasashen waje ! style="text-align:right" |554,883 ! style="text-align:right" |369,284 ! style="text-align:right" |191,571 ! style="text-align:right" |148,987 |- |} == Shekaru == [[Fayil:Scotland_population_pyramid_from_1981_to_projected_pyramid_in_2043.gif|thumb|200x200px|Pyramid na yawan jama'a daga 1981 zuwa pyramid da aka tsara a cikin shekarar 2043]] 9Rarraba shekarun da suka danganci ƙididdigar 2011 kamar haka. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Shekaru !Yawan jama'a !% na jimlar |- |0–4 |293,000 |5.53 |- |5–9 |270,000 |5.10 |- |10–14 |292,000 |5.51 |- |15–19 |331,000 |6.25 |- |20–24 |364,000 |6.87 |- |25–29 |346,000 |6.53 |- |30–34 |322,000 |6.08 |- |35–39 |340,000 |6.42 |- |40–44 |394,000 |7.44 |- |45–49 |411,000 |7.76 |- |50–54 |376,000 |7.10 |- |55–59 |331,000 |6.25 |- |60–64 |337,000 |6.35 |- |65–69 |262,000 |4.98 |- |70–74 |221,000 |4.17 |- |75–79 |178,000 |3.36 |- |80–84 |123,000 |2.32 |- |85–89 |71,000 |1.34 |- |90+ |37,000 |0.70 |} == Ƙabilar == [[Fayil:Ethnic_demography_of_Scotland_from_1981_–_2011.gif|thumb|200x200px|Yawan jama'a na Scotland 1981 - 2011]] Ƙididdigar 1991, 2001, 2011 da 2022 sun rubuta kabilun da suka biyo baya: {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'a na Scotland[[Fayil:Flag_of_Scotland.svg|20x20px]] ! rowspan="2" |Ƙungiyar kabilanci ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1971 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1981 <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Equality |first=Commission for Racial |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 3}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |1991 ! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{Cite web |title=Analysis of Ethnicity in the 2001 Census - Summary Report |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939 |access-date=6 September 2014 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008052918/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/02/18876/32939 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011 ! colspan="2" |2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/ |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=Scotland's Census |language=en}}</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Fararen fata: Gabaɗaya !- !99.6% !4,908,140 !99.1% !4,935,933 !98.9% !4,960,334 !97.99% !5,084,407 !96.02% !5,051,875 !92.87% |- | style="text-align:left" |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Scotland | - | - | - | - | - | - |4,459,071 |88.09% |4,445,678 |83.95% |4,226,965 |77.70% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Sauran Burtaniya | - | - | - | - | - | - |373,685 |7.38% |417,109 |7.88% |510,354 |9.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |Fararen: Irish | - | - | - | - | - | - |49,428 |0.98% |54,090 |1.02% |56,877 |1.05% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Gypsy / Mai Tafiya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |4,212 |0.08% |3,343 |0.06% |- | style="text-align:left" |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Poland<ref group="note" name="auto" /> | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |61,201 |1.16% |90,736 |1.67% |- | style="text-align:left" |White: Sauran | - | - | - | - | - | - |78,150 |1.54% |102,117 |1.93% |163,600 |3.01% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Total !- !- !- !- !42,852 !0.86% !71,317 !1.41% !140,678 !2.66% !212,022 !3.90% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Indiya | - | - | - | - |10,050 |0.20% |15,037 |0.30% |32,706 |0.62% |52,951 |0.97% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Pakistani'Yan Pakistan | - | - | - | - |21,192 |0.42% |31,793 |0.63% |49,381 |0.93% |72,871 |1.34% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Bangladesh | - | - | - | - |1,134 |0.02% |1,981 |0.04% |3,788 |0.07% |6,934 |0.13% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Sinanci | - | - | - | - |10,476 |0.21% |16,310 |0.32% |33,706 |0.64% |47,075 |0.87% |- | style="text-align:left" |Asiya, Asiya Scottish ko Asiya British: Asiya SauranSauran Asiya | - | - | - | - |4,604 |0.09% |6,196 |0.12% |21,097 |0.40% |32,187 |0.59% |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Baƙar fata]], Baƙar fata na Scotland ko Baƙar fata na Burtaniya !- !- !- !- !3,707 !0.07% !6,247 !0.12% !- !- !- !- |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !29,638 !0.56% !58,636 !1.08% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Afirka, Afirka Scottish ko Afirka BirtaniyaBirtaniya ta Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |29,186 |0.55% |5,907 |0.11% |- | style="text-align:left" |Afirka: Sauran Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |452 |0.01% |52,729 |0.97% |- ! style="text-align:left" |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] ko Black: Total !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !- !6,540 !0.12% !6,778 !0.12% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |3,430 |0.06% |2,214 |0.04% |- | style="text-align:left" |Baƙar fata | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |2,380 |0.04% |546 |0.01% |- | style="text-align:left" |Caribbean ko Black: Sauran | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |730 |0.01% |4,018 |0.07% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci da yawa: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !- !- !12,764 !0.25% !19,815 !0.37% !60,899 !1.12% |- ! style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Jimillar !- !- !- !- !8,825 !0.18% !9,571 !0.19% !14,325 !0.27% !49,632 !0.91% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Larabci<ref group="note" name="auto" /> | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |9,366 |0.18% |22,304 |0.41% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran: Duk wani kabilanci | - | - | - | - | - | - |9,571 |0.19% |4,959 |0.09% |27,328 |0.50% |- !Ƙananan kabilanci: Jimillar !- !0.4% !46,188 !0.9% !55,384 !1.1% !106,146 !2% !210,996 !4% !387,967 !7.1% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |- ! style="text-align:left" |Jimillar: !- !100% !4,954,328 !100% !4,998,567 !100.00% !5,062,011 !100.00% !5,295,403 !100.00% !5,439,842 !100.00% |- | | | | | | | | | | | | | |} <references group="note" /> === Kabilanci na ɗaliban makaranta === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="3" |Ƙungiyar kabilanci ! colspan="10" |Shekarar makaranta <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pupil census: supplementary statistics |url=http://www.gov.scot/publications/pupil-census-supplementary-statistics/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=gov.scot |language=en}}</ref> |- ! colspan="2" |2004 ! colspan="2" |2008 ! colspan="2" |2012 ! colspan="2" |2016 ! colspan="2" |2021 |- !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% !Yawan jama'a !% |- | | | | | | | | | | | |- !Fararen fata: Gabaɗaya !671,029 !92.7% !633,230 !92.9% !622,722 !92.8% !624,363 !91.3% !624,821 !88.7% |- |Farar fata: Yaren mutanen Scotland | rowspan="2" |663,007 | rowspan="2" |91.7% | rowspan="2" |618,829 | rowspan="2" |90.8% |579,136 |86.3% |555,476 |81.1% |537,004 |76.2% |- |White: Sauran Burtaniya |21,163 |3.1% |34,580 |5% |  44,842&nbsp; |6.4% |- |Fararen: Irish | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    1,499&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |Fararen: Yaren mutanen Poland | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  16,790&nbsp; |2.4% |- |White: Matafiyi / Gypsy | - | - | - | - |864 | |1,121 | |    1,435&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |White: Sauran |8,022 | |14,401 | |21,559 | |33,186 | |  23,251&nbsp; |3.3% |- !Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Total !15,053 !2.1% !18,213 !2.7% !21,955 !3.3% !26,660 !3.9% !33,161 !4.8% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Indiya |2,163 | |2,825 | |3,930 | |    5,378&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    7,442&nbsp;&nbsp; |1.1% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Pakistan'Yan Pakistan |8,683 | |9,850 | |11,430 | |  12,980&nbsp; | |  14,771&nbsp; |2.1% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Bangladesh |473 | |541 | |714 | |       908&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    1,359&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.2% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Sinanci |2,202 | |2,248 | |2,637 | |    3,707&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    4,922&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.7% |- |Asiya ko Asiya Birtaniya: Sauran Asiya |1,532 | |2,749 | |3,244 | |    3,687&nbsp;&nbsp; | |    4,667&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.7% |- ![[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Jimillar !1,529 !0.2% !2,815 !0.4% !4,257 !0.6% !6,555 !0.9% !10,295 !1.4% |- |[[Bakar fata|Afirka]]: Afirka, Afirka Scottish ko Afirka BirtaniyaBirtaniya ta Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    6,556&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.9% |- |Afirka: Sauran Afirka | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |    3,739&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.5% |- ![[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] ko Black: Total !595 !- !586 !- !708 !0.1% !1,033 !0.1% !1,429 !0.2% |- |[[Mutanen Afirka da Caribbean na Burtaniya|Caribbean]] / Black: Scottish |105 | |126 | | - | - | - | - |       930&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.1% |- |Caribbean ko Black: Sauran |490 | |460 | | - | - | - | - |       499&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.1% |- !Haɗe-haɗe: Jimillar !4,814 !0.6% !6,146 !0.9% !6,956 !1% !8,408 !1.2% !  11,533&nbsp; !1.6% |- !Sauran: Jimillar !2,500 !0.3% !3,005 !0.4% !3,034 !0.4% !5,250 !0.7% !8,608 !1.2 |- |Sauran: Duk wani kabilanci | - | - | - | - |2,346 | |3,118 | |    4,523&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.6% |- |Sauran: Larabci | - | - | - | - |688 | |2,132 | |    4,085&nbsp;&nbsp; |0.6% |- !Ba a sani ba ko ba a bayyana ba !27,074 !3.7% !16,467 !2.4% !11,330 !1.7% !  11,939&nbsp; !1.7% !  14,876&nbsp; !2.1% |- | | | | | | | | | | | |- !Jimillar: !723,175 !100% !681,277 !100% !670,962 !100% !684,208 !100% !704,723 !100% |} == Bayyanawa ta ƙasa == [[Fayil:Scottish_only_identity_by_council_area.svg|right|thumb|301x301px|Taswirar da ke nuna yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin "Scottish kawai" bisa ga ƙidayar 2011.]] [[Fayil:Scottish_and_British_and_British_identity_only_by_council_area.svg|right|thumb|301x301px|Taswirar da ke nuna yawan mutanen da ke nuna kansu a matsayin "Scottish da British" da "British kawai" bisa ga ƙidayar 2011.]] An tambayi tambaya game da asalin ƙasa a cikin ƙidayar shekara ta 2011: "me kuke jin shine asalin ƙasarku?". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Questionnaire used in Scotland's 2011 census |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/Householdpre-addressed27_05_10specimen.pdf |access-date=1 September 2020 |publisher=National Records of Scotland |page=9 |quote=What do you feel is your national identity?}}</ref> Masu amsawa za su iya bayyana kansu a matsayin masu mallakar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya. * 62% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish kawai' * 18% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' da 'British' * Kashi 8% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Birtaniya kawai' * 2% sun bayyana kansu a matsayin 'Scottish' tare da sauran wadanda ba na Burtaniya ba * 10% sun bayyana kansu tare da wasu asalin ƙasa / kabilanci kawai (ba na Scotland ko na Burtaniya ba) Yankunan majalisa tare da akalla kashi 90% na yawan jama'a da ke nuna wasu 'Scottish' asalin ƙasar sune Arewacin Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, Gabashin Ayrshire da Yammacin Dunbartonshire. Mafi ƙarancin mutanen da ke bayyana wasu 'Scottish' sun kasance a Edinburgh (70%) da Aberdeen (75%). <ref name="nationalidentity">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011 - Analysis: National Identity |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2014/03/7340/16 |access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref> Yankunan majalisa tare da mafi girman rabo na mutanen da ke bayyana 'Birtaniya' a matsayin asalin ƙasarsu kawai sune Argyll da Bute da Shetland, kowannensu yana da kashi 12%.<ref name="nationalidentity"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" !Yankin majalisa !Yaren Scotland kawai !Yaren Scotland da na Burtaniya kawai !Birtaniya kawai !Sauran asalin Burtaniya !Scottish da duk wani ainihi !Sauran kawai |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Aberdeen |54.7% |17.7% |8.3% |4.7% |2.5% |12.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Aberdeenshire |61.3% |17.7% |9.0% |6.7% |1.9% |3.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Angus |66.8% |17.8% |7.2% |4.4% |1.6% |2.2% |- | style="text-align:left" |Argyll da Bute |57.4% |17.2% |11.6% |8.9% |2.4% |2.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Clackmannanshire |67.0% |17.6% |7.4% |4.3% |1.6% |2.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Dumfries da Galloway |59.6% |16.7% |10.1% |9.7% |2.0% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Dundee |65.5% |16.6% |6.5% |3.6% |1.8% |6.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Ayrshire |70.6% |18.7% |5.7% |2.9% |1.2% |0.9% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Dunbartonshire |60.2% |24.7% |8.7% |2.7% |1.9% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Lothian |62.6% |18.9% |8.6% |4.6% |2.0% |3.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Renfrewshire |59.0% |25.6% |9.4% |2.4% |1.9% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Edinburgh, Birnin |48.8% |18.5% |11.4% |6.7% |3.2% |11.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Na h-Eileanan Siar |69.2% |14.3% |8.1% |5.4% |1.5% |1.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Falkirk |68.0% |19.7% |6.3% |2.7% |1.3% |2.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Fife |63.8% |18.2% |7.9% |5.1% |1.8% |3.2% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow|Birnin Glasgow]] |61.9% |16.1% |8.6% |2.9% |2.2% |8.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |Highland |61.5% |15.2% |10.2% |7.6% |2.3% |3.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |Inverclyde |69.9% |19.7% |6.3% |1.9% |1.1% |1.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Midlothian |68.3% |18.2% |6.8% |3.2% |1.5% |2.0% |- | style="text-align:left" |Moray |58.4% |15.9% |10.9% |10.0% |2.1% |2.7% |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Ayrshire |68.2% |19.4% |6.8% |3.2% |1.3% |1.1% |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Lanarkshire |71.6% |18.1% |5.9% |1.5% |1.2% |1.7% |- | style="text-align:left" |Orkney |62.4% |13.8% |10.8% |9.8% |1.6% |1.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Perth da Kinross |59.0% |18.9% |9.5% |6.0% |2.3% |4.3% |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire]] |65.9% |21.0% |7.3% |2.0% |1.3% |2.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Scotland |57.7% |16.9% |10.7% |9.2% |2.6% |2.9% |- | style="text-align:left" |Shetland |59.9% |15.7% |11.6% |7.6% |1.8% |3.4% |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Ayrshire |63.9% |21.0% |7.6% |4.3% |1.6% |1.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Lanarkshire |67.2% |20.5% |6.9% |2.3% |1.3% |1.8% |- | style="text-align:left" |Stirling |57.5% |20.0% |9.6% |5.8% |2.5% |4.6% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Dunbartonshire |72.0% |17.3% |6.0% |2.0% |1.1% |1.5% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Lothian |65.2% |18.8% |7.6% |3.4% |1.6% |3.4% |} == Addini == [[Fayil:Catholicism_in_Scotland_in_the_2011_census.png|thumb|371x371px|Kashi da ke da'awar zama Roman Katolika a cikin ƙidayar 2011 a Scotland]] Kididdigar daga ƙididdigar 2022, 2011 da 2001 an tsara su a ƙasa. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! rowspan="2" |Addinin yanzu ! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="scotland2001">{{Cite web |date=17 May 2006 |title=Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607092428/http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 |archive-date=7 June 2011 |access-date=15 August 2011 |publisher=The Scottish Government}}</ref> ! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |title=Scotland's Census 2011&nbsp;– Table KS209SCb |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/scotland/KS209SCb.pdf |access-date=26 September 2013 |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom}}.</ref><ref name="census2011detail">{{Cite web |title=Religion (detailed) |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2A_Religion_detailed_Scotland.pdf |access-date=12 April 2015 |website=Scotland's Census 2011 |publisher=National Records of Scotland}} The census choices were None, Church of Scotland, Roman Catholic, Other Christian, Muslim, Buddhist, Sikh, Jewish, Hindu, and Another religion or body. Those answering Other Christian or Another religion were asked to write which one.</ref> ! colspan="2" |2022<ref name="2022census_Scot">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=21 May 2024 |title=Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/media/trbdxzme/scotland-s-census-2022-ethnic-group-national-identity-language-and-religion-chart-data.xlsx |access-date=21 May 2024 |website=Scotland's Census |publisher=[[National Records of Scotland]]}} [https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/search-the-census#/search-by Alternative URL] 'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Religion'</ref> |- !Adadin !% !Adadin !% !Adadin !% |- |Kiristanci | style="text-align:right" |3,294,545 | style="text-align:right" |65.1 | style="text-align:right" |2,850,199 | style="text-align:right" |53.8 | style="text-align:right" |2,110,405 | style="text-align:right" |38.8 |- | -Cocin Scotland | style="text-align:right" |2,146,251 | style="text-align:right" |42.4 | style="text-align:right" |1,717,871 | style="text-align:right" |32.4 | style="text-align:right" |1,107,796 | style="text-align:right" |20.4 |- | - Roman Katolika | style="text-align:right" |803,732 | style="text-align:right" |15.9 | style="text-align:right" |841,053 | style="text-align:right" |15.9 | style="text-align:right" |723,322 | style="text-align:right" |13.3 |- | -Wani Kirista | style="text-align:right" |344,562 | style="text-align:right" |6.8 | style="text-align:right" |291,275 | style="text-align:right" |5.5 | style="text-align:right" |279,287 | style="text-align:right" |5.1 |- |Musulunci | style="text-align:right" |42,557 | style="text-align:right" |0.8 | style="text-align:right" |76,737 | style="text-align:right" |1.4 | style="text-align:right" |119,872 | style="text-align:right" |2.2 |- |Addinin Hindu | style="text-align:right" |5,564 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |16,379 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 | style="text-align:right" |29,929 | style="text-align:right" |0.6 |- |Addinin Buddha | style="text-align:right" |6,830 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |12,795 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 | style="text-align:right" |15,501 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 |- |Addinin Sikh | style="text-align:right" |6,572 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |9,055 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 | style="text-align:right" |10,988 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 |- |Addinin Yahudanci | style="text-align:right" |6,448 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |5,887 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 | style="text-align:right" |5,847 | style="text-align:right" |0.1 |- |Albarka{{Efn|New category created for the 2022 census}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}}||{{N/a}} | style="text-align:right" |19,113 | style="text-align:right" |0.4 |- |Sauran addinai | style="text-align:right" |26,974 | style="text-align:right" |0.5 | style="text-align:right" |15,196 | style="text-align:right" |0.3 | style="text-align:right" |12,425 | style="text-align:right" |0.2 |- |Babu Addini | style="text-align:right" |1,394,460 | style="text-align:right" |27.6 | style="text-align:right" |1,941,116 | style="text-align:right" |36.7 | style="text-align:right" |2,780,900 | style="text-align:right" |51.1 |- |Addinin da ba a bayyana ba | style="text-align:right" |278,061 | style="text-align:right" |5.5 | style="text-align:right" |368,039 | style="text-align:right" |7.0 | style="text-align:right" |334,862 | style="text-align:right" |6.2 |- |Yawan jama'a | style="text-align:right" |5,062,011 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 | style="text-align:right" |5,295,403 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 | style="text-align:right" |5,439,842 | style="text-align:right" |100.0 |} == Harsuna ==   Ingilishi shine harshe da aka fi magana a Scotland. Harsuna biyu na yanki na Scotland, Gaelic na Scotland da na zamani, ana kiyaye su a ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar [[Turanci]] don Harsunan yanki ko Ƙananan Harsuna. An rubuta ƙwarewa a cikin waɗannan harsuna ga waɗanda suka kai shekaru uku da sama a cikin ƙididdigar Burtaniya ta 2021 kamar haka: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Gaelic na Scotland ! colspan="2" |'Yan Scotland <ref name=":0" /> |- !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa |5,164,702 |97.54% |2,850,204 |53.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa |130,161 |2.46% |2,444,659 |46.17% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |69,701 |1.32% |1,508,540 |28.49% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |43,807 |0.83% |1,176,255 |22.22% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu |46,404 |0.88% |722,593 |13.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu |18,264 |0.34% |174,252 |3.29% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |7,630 |0.14% |158,033 |2.98% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu |10,788 |0.20% |193,302 |3.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa |3,268 |0.06% |20,224 |0.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'ar Scotland ta hanyar iyawa a cikin Gaelic na Scotland, 1991-2022 ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 1991 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2001 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2011 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2022 |- !Mazauna al'ada masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna al'ada masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa | | |4,808,096 |98.11% |5,031,167 |98.30% |5,164,702 |97.54% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa | | |92,396 |1.89% |87,056 |1.70% |130,161 |2.46% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |65,978 |1.37% |58,652 |1.20% |57,602 |1.13% |69,701 |1.32% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |29,450 |0.61% |31,218 |0.64% |32,191 |0.63% |43,807 |0.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu | | |26,722 |0.55% |23,357 |0.46% |46,404 |0.88% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu | | |19,181 |0.39% |18,966 |0.37% |18,264 |0.34% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |9,426 |0.20% |7,934 |0.16% |6,218 |0.12% |7,630 |0.14% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu | | |4,744 |0.10% |4,646 |0.09% |10,788 |0.20% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa | | |2,597 |0.05% |1,678 |0.03% |3,268 |0.06% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''4,809,698''' |'''100.00%''' |'''4,900,492''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,118,223''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Yawan jama'ar Scotland ta hanyar iyawa a cikin Scots, 2011-2022 ! rowspan="2" |Ikon da ya dace ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2011 ! colspan="2" |Ƙididdigar 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Scots |url=https://www.gov.scot/policies/languages/scots/#:~:text=The%20Scots%20language%20is%20an,read%2C%20write%20or%20understand%20Scots. |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Scottish Government}}</ref> |- !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba !Mazauna na yau da kullun masu shekaru 3+ !Rarraba |- | style="text-align:left" |Babu ƙwarewa |3,188,779 |62.30% |2,850,204 |53.83% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana da wasu iyawa |1,929,444 |37.70% |2,444,659 |46.17% |- | style="text-align:left" |Zai iya magana |1,541,693 |30.12% |1,508,540 |28.49% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana, karantawa da rubutu |1,225,622 |23.95% |1,176,255 |22.22% |- | style="text-align:left" |Ya fahimci amma ba ya magana, karantawa ko rubutu |267,412 |5.22% |722,593 |13.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana amma ba ya karantawa ko rubutu |179,295 |3.50% |174,252 |3.29% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana magana da karantawa amma ba ya rubutu |132,709 |2.59% |158,033 |2.98% |- | style="text-align:left" |Yana karantawa amma ba ya magana ko rubutu |107,025 |2.09% |193,302 |3.65% |- | style="text-align:left" |Sauran haɗuwa da ƙwarewa |17,381 |0.34% |20,224 |0.38% |- | style="text-align:left" |'''Jimillar''' |'''5,118,223''' |'''100.00%''' |'''5,294,863''' |'''100.00%''' |}   Fiye da harsuna 170 ana magana da su a Scotland. Harsunan 4 da aka fi magana da su ba na Turanci ba a gida (ta mutanen da ke da shekaru 3 da sama) sune: Scots (55,817), Polish (54,186), Sinanci (27,381), da Urdu (23,394). == Tarihin jama'a == [[Fayil:Knapofhowarinsun.jpg|right|thumb|Gidajen dutse a Knap na Howar, shaidar yawan manoma da kuma farkon ci gaban yawan jama'a, c. 3500 BC]] a wasu lokuta a lokacin tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki na ƙarshe (130,000-70,000 BC) Turai tana da yanayin zafi fiye da na yau, kuma ɗan adam na farko mai yiwuwa sun yi hanyarsu zuwa yankin Scotland a yanzu, kodayake masu binciken kayan tarihi ba su sami wata alama ba.  Glaciers sai suka zazzaga hanyarsu a cikin mafi yawan Biritaniya, kuma bayan da ƙanƙara ta ja da baya ne Scotland ta sake zama wurin zama, kusan 9600 BC.] Mafarautan mafarauci sun kafa sansani na farko da aka sani, kuma masu binciken archaeologists sun yi kwanan wata wani wuri kusa da Biggar zuwa kusan 8500 BC.  antlers, mai yiwuwa tare da ƙarancin yawan jama'a.] Noman Neolithic ya kawo matsuguni na dindindin, kamar gidan dutse a Knap na Howar akan Papa Westray wanda ya kasance daga 3500 BC, da kuma yawan yawan jama'a.  Bincike mai zurfi na Black Loch a cikin Fife yana nuna cewa ƙasar noma ta bazu a cikin kuɗaɗen daji daga kusan 2000 BC har zuwa lokacin ƙarni na farko AD Romawa sun ci gaba zuwa cikin ƙasan Scotland, yana ba da shawarar faɗaɗa mazauna.  Bayan haka, an sake yin girma na birch, itacen oak da hazel na tsawon ƙarni biyar, wanda ke nuna cewa mamayewar Romawa ya yi mummunan tasiri ga yawan mutanen ƙasar..<ref>T. C. Smout, R. MacDonald and F. Watson, ''A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland 1500–1920. Edinburgh University Press'' {{ISBN|9780748632947}}, p. 34.</ref> Akwai kusan babu rubuce-rubuce da za a sake gina yawan jama'a na farkon tsakiyar Scotland. An kiyasta yawan mazauna 10,000 a Dál Riata da 80-100,000 na Pictland, wanda mai yiwuwa shine mafi girman yankin.<ref name="Lang2006pp21-2">L. R. Laing, ''The Archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland, c. AD 400-1200'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), {{ISBN|0521547407}}, pp. 21–22.</ref> Wannan bai haɗa da adadi ga sassan Northumbria yanzu a Scotland ba. Wataƙila ƙarni na 5 da na 6 sun ga yawan mace-mace mafi girma saboda bayyanar annoba ta bubonic, wanda zai iya rage yawan jama'a.<ref name="Fouracre&McKitterick2005p.234">P. Fouracre and R. McKitterick, eds, ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 500-c. 700'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), {{ISBN|0521362911}}, p. 234.</ref> Binciken wuraren binnewa na wannan lokacin kamar na Hallowhill, St Andrews ya nuna tsawon rayuwa na 26-29 kawai.<ref name="Lang2006pp21-2" /> An dauki sanannun yanayi don ba da shawarar cewa yana da yawan haihuwa, yawan mace-mace, kamar kasashe masu tasowa da yawa a duniyar zamani, tare da ƙididdigar ƙididdiga ta matasa, kuma watakila haihuwa da wuri, da kuma yawan yara ga mata. Wannan zai nufin cewa akwai ƙananan ma'aikatan da ke akwai ga yawan bakuna don ciyarwa. Wannan zai sa ya zama da wahala a samar da wadata wanda zai ba da damar ci gaban jama'a da al'ummomi masu rikitarwa don bunkasa.<ref name="Woolf2007pp17-20">A. Woolf, ''From Pictland to Alba: 789–1070'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), {{ISBN|0748612343}}, pp. 17–20.</ref> Daga kafa Masarautar Alba a karni na goma, zuwa kafin [[Black Death]] ya kai kasar a cikin 1349, kimantawa bisa ga adadin ƙasar da za a iya magani, ya nuna cewa yawan jama'a na iya girma daga rabin miliyan zuwa miliyan. Kodayake babu wani abin dogaro da takardu game da tasirin annoba, akwai nassoshi da yawa game da ƙasar da aka watsar a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya. Idan tsarin ya biyo bayan hakan a Ingila, to yawan jama'a na iya faduwa zuwa rabin miliyan a ƙarshen karni na 15.<ref name="Rigby2003p109-11">S. H. Rigby, ed., ''A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages'' (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2003), {{ISBN|0631217851}}, pp. 109–11.</ref> Idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki bayan sake rarraba yawan jama'a a cikin bayanan da aka yi da kuma juyin juya halin masana'antu, waɗannan lambobin za a yadu daidai a kan masarautar, tare da kusan rabin da ke zaune a arewacin Tay.<ref>J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), {{ISBN|0748602763}}, p. 61.</ref> Wataƙila kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a sun zauna a ɗaya daga cikin birane da yawa waɗanda suka girma a ƙarshen zamani, galibi a gabas da kudu. An ba da shawarar cewa za su sami matsakaicin yawan jama'a kusan 2,000, amma da yawa za su kasance karami fiye da 1,000 kuma mafi girma, Edinburgh, mai yiwuwa yana da yawan jama'ar sama da 10,000 a ƙarshen zamanin.<ref name="Gemmill&Mayhew1995pp8-10">E. Gemmill and N. J. Mayhew, ''Changing Values in Medieval Scotland: a Study of Prices, Money, and Weights and Measures'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), {{ISBN|0521473853}}, pp. 8-10.</ref> [[Fayil:ScotlandPop1901-2001.jpg|left|thumb|Hoton da ke nuna yawan mutanen Scotland 1900-2001. Tushen: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130321025129/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/vital-events/index.html Babban Ofishin Rijistar Scotland Kididdigar Haihuwar da Mutuwa daga 1900]]] Ƙididdigar da ta danganci dawowar Harajin Zuciya na shekara ta 1691 ta nuna yawan jama'a 1,234,575, amma wannan adadi na iya shafar yunwa ta 1690s. Bayani na farko da za a iya dogara da shi shine ƙididdigar da Reverend Alexander Webster ya gudanar a 1755, wanda ya nuna mazaunan Scotland a matsayin 1,265,380.<ref>K. J. Cullen, ''Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of The 1690s'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), {{ISBN|0748638873}}, pp. 123-24.</ref> A lokacin ƙididdigar shekaru goma na farko a cikin 1801, yawan jama'a ya kai 1,608,420. Scotland ta ci gaba da girma a cikin karni na 19, zuwa 2,889,000 a 1851 da 4,472,000 a 1901. Ko da tare da ci gaban masana'antu akwai isasshen ayyuka masu kyau, a sakamakon haka, a lokacin 1841-1931, kimanin Scots miliyan 2 suka yi hijira zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Ostiraliya, kuma wasu Scots 750,000 suka koma Ingila.<ref>R. A. Houston and W. W. Knox, eds, ''The New Penguin History of Scotland'' (London: Penguin, 2001), {{ISBN|0140263675}}, p. xxxii.</ref> Tare da yawan jama'a miliyan 4.8 a shekara ta 1911, Scotland ta aika da mutane 690,000 zuwa yakin duniya na farko, wanda 74,000 suka mutu a yakin ko kuma daga cututtuka, kuma 150,000 sun ji rauni sosai. Don haka, ko da yake Scots sun kasance kawai kashi 10 cikin 100 na al'ummar Biritaniya, sun kasance kashi 15 cikin 100 na sojojin ƙasa kuma a ƙarshe sun sami kashi 20 cikin 100 na waɗanda suka mutu.] Yayin da ƙaura ta fara shiga cikin Ingila da Wales bayan yakin duniya na farko, [4] ya ci gaba da tafiya a Scotland, tare da 400,000 Scots, kashi goma cikin dari na yawan jama'a, tsakanin 19 da 19 da aka kiyasta sun bar ƙasar. Tashin hankali ya shiga cikin shekarun 1930s babu wani aiki mai sauƙi a cikin Amurka da Kanada kuma ƙaura ya faɗi ƙasa da 50,000 a shekara, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen lokacin ƙaura da aka buɗe a tsakiyar karni na 18. Wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga karuwar jama'a, wanda ya kai kololuwar 5,240,800 a cikin 1974. Daga nan kuma ta fara raguwa sannu a hankali, ta koma 5,062,940 a 2000. Haka kuma an samu raguwar wasu mazauna birane sakamakon manufofin tsugunar da jama'a, da zaftarewar jama'a, da kaura zuwa sabbin garuruwa, tare da raguwar yawan jama'a miliyan 1 daga Glas. 629,000 a shekara ta 2001. Kuma yankunan karkara sun yi asarar yawan jama'a, musamman tsaunuka da Hebrides.<ref>C. G. Brown, "Charting everyday experience", in L. Abrams and C. G. Brown, ''A History of Everyday Life in Twentieth-Century Scotland'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2010), {{ISBN|0748624317}}, p. 20.</ref>{{Clear}} == Canjin yawan jama'a == [[Fayil:Wfm_buchanan_street.jpg|right|thumb|Mutanen da ke titin Buchanan a [[Glasgow]]. Jama'ar Scotland suna tsufa yayin da yawancin jarirai ke kusa yin ritaya.]] Yawan mutanen Scotland ya karu mafi yawan shekaru tsakanin ƙidayar farko a 1855 har zuwa kusan miliyan 5.2 a 1974. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Population Estimates Time Series Data |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates/population-estimates-time-series-data |access-date=2020-09-01 |archive-date=2012-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028141744/http://gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2009/births-increase-for-the-sixth-consecutive-year.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koyaya, daga 1974 zuwa 2000 akwai raguwar yawan jama'a, tare da yawan [[Mutuwa]] da aka yi a kan haihuwa da kuma ƙaura a kan shige da fice - musamman ga sauran [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]]. Tun daga shekara ta 2000 yawan jama'a ya karu mafi yawan shekaru kuma an yi hasashen zai kai kololuwa a cikin 2028 a miliyan 5.48 sannan daga baya ya ragu zuwa miliyan 5.39 a cikin 2045.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2013 |title=Projected Population of Scotland (2018-based) |url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2018-based |access-date=2020-09-01 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001223202/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-projections/population-projections-scotland/2018-based |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yawan yara 'yan kasa da shekaru 5 ya karu da kashi 6% (293,000) a cikin shekaru goma tsakanin 2001 da 2011. Koyaya, yawan yara masu shekaru 5-14 sun ragu da 11% (69,000). Yawan mutanen da suka wuce 65 sun karu da kashi 11% (85,000) kuma yanzu suna wakiltar kashi 17% na yawan jama'a kuma a karo na farko akwai mutane da suka wuce shekaru 65 da ba su kai shekara 15 ba. Abin sha'awa, a cikin 2011 akwai mutane 230,000 sama da shekaru 80.<gallery mode="packed" caption="Fertility statistics"> Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_by_age_grouping_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women by age grouping in Scotland Fayil:Live_births_per_1000_women_in_single_year_ages_in_Scotland.svg|Live births per 1,000 women in single year ages in Scotland Fayil:Stillbirth_rate_in_Scotland_over_time.svg|Stillbirth rate in Scotland over time </gallery> === Gudun Hijira === Kididdiga ta Burtaniya ta 2021 ta yi rikodin mutane 648,418 waɗanda aka haifa a Scotland amma yanzu suna zaune a Ingila da Wales (1.1% na jimlar yawan jama'a). Kudu maso Gabashin Ingila (mutane 118,021), Arewa maso Yamma na Ingila (89,025) da Greater London (75,004) sune manyan wurare uku da suka fi fice, tare da kusan kashi 43% na al'ummar Scotland da aka haifa a Ingila da Wales. A cikin kwatankwacin ƙidayar da aka gudanar a cikin 2022, akwai 506,207 waɗanda aka haifa a Ingila da kuma mazauna Wales 18,219 da ke zaune a Scotland, jimilar 524,426 (9.6% na jimlar yawan jama'a). 'Yan siyasa da malaman jami'a sun kuma lura cewa a cikin shekarun farko na karni na 21 a baya yanayin ƙaura daga Scotland ya koma baya tare da gagarumin ƙaura zuwa Scotland daga sauran Birtaniya. Tsakanin 2001 da 2011 al'ummar Scotland sun karu da kashi 5% (233,000), mafi saurin bunƙasa aƙalla shekaru 100.] Hakazalika, tun daga shekara ta 2004 ma ana samun karuwar masu shigowa daga sabbin ƙasashe na EU kamar Poland, Czech Republic, Lithuania da Latvia, wanda ke ba da gudummawar haɓakar yawan jama'a na baya-bayan nan. Sakamakon haka, tun daga 2002 a hankali yawan haihuwa ya karu tare da haihuwar 53,957 da aka rubuta a cikin 2004, kuma a cikin 2008 adadin haihuwar rai ya kasance 60,041 Tsakanin 2001 da 2022, adadin mazaunan da ba 'yan Burtaniya ba da ke zaune a Scotland ya karu daga 191,571 (jimlar 3.8% na Scotland) zuwa 3.8% na yawan mutanen Scotland. (10.2% na yawan jama'a). <ref name="CountryBirth_22" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" |+Ƙididdigar yawan jama'ar yankin majalisar Scotland (2001 - 2022) <ref>{{Cite web |year=2022 |title=Table 1: Scotland's Census 2022: Usual resident population by sex, council areas, Scotland |url=https://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/scotland-s-census-2022-rounded-population-estimates-data/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=National Records of Scotland }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br /> !Yankin majalisa !Yawan jama'a (2001) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2011) <br /> !Canjin % (2001-11) <br /> !Yawan jama'a (2022) <br /> !Canjin % (2011-22) <br /> |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Aberdeen |212,125 |222,800 |5.0 |224,000 |0.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Aberdeenshire |226,871 |253,000 |11.5 |263,900 |4.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Angus |108,400 |116,000 |7.0 |114,400 |−1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Argyll da Bute |91,306 |88,200 |−3.4 |86,000 |−2.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Clackmannanshire |48,077 |51,400 |7.0 |51,800 |0.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Dumfries da Galloway |147,765 |151,300 |2.4 |145,900 |−3.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Birnin Dundee |145,663 |147,300 |1.1 |148,100 |1.7 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Ayrshire |120,235 |122,700 |2.1 |120,300 |−2 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Dunbartonshire |108,243 |105,000 |−3.0 |109,000 |3.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Lothian |90,088 |99,700 |10.7 |112,300 |12.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Gabashin Renfrewshire |89,311 |90,600 |1.4 |96,800 |6.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |{{Sort|Edinburgh|[[City of Edinburgh (council area)|City of Edinburgh]]}} |448,624 |476,600 |6.2 |512,700 |7.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Na h-Eileanan Siar |26,502 |27,700 |4.5 |26,200 |−5.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Falkirk |145,191 |156,000 |7.4 |158,400 |1.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Fife |349,429 |365,200 |4.5 |370,400 |1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Glasgow|Birnin Glasgow]] |577,869 |593,200 |2.7 |620,700 |4.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Highland |208,914 |232,100 |11.1 |235,400 |1.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Inverclyde |84,203 |81,500 |−3.2 |78,400 |−3.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Midlothian |80,941 |83,200 |2.8 |96,600 |16.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Moray |86,940 |93,300 |7.3 |93,400 |0.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Ayrshire |135,817 |138,200 |1.7 |133,400 |−3.4 |- | style="text-align:left" |Arewacin Lanarkshire |321,067 |337,800 |5.2 |341,000 |0.9 |- | style="text-align:left" |Tsibirin Orkney |19,245 |21,400 |10.9 |22,000 |2.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |Perth da Kinross |134,949 |146,700 |8.7 |150,800 |2.8 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Renfrewshire]] |172,867 |174,900 |1.2 |183,800 |5.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yankin Scotland |106,764 |113,900 |6.7 |116,900 |2.6 |- | style="text-align:left" |Tsibirin Shetland |21,988 |23,200 |5.3 |22,900 |−1.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Ayrshire |112,097 |112,800 |0.6 |111,600 |−1.1 |- | style="text-align:left" |Kudancin Lanarkshire |302,216 |313,800 |3.8 |327,200 |4.3 |- | style="text-align:left" |Stirling |86,212 |90,200 |4.7 |92,600 |2.7 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Dunbartonshire |93,378 |90,700 |−2.8 |88,400 |−2.5 |- | style="text-align:left" |Yammacin Lothian |158,714 |175,100 |10.3 |181,300 |3.5 |} == Sauran kididdiga == Rarraba jima'i: ''a lokacin haihuwa:'' 1.04 namiji (s) / mace a ƙarƙashin shekaru 15: 1.04 namizi (s) *mace ''Shekaru 15-64:'' 0.94 namiji (shekaru) / mace shekaru 65 da sama: 0.88 namiji (sa) / mace jimlar yawan: 0.94 namizi (sa) *maza (Mid-2011 est.) '''Rayuwa da ake tsammani a lokacin haihuwa (2011):''' <sup class="mw-ref reference" i="">mata:-cx="{}" data-mw='{"name":"ref","attrs":{"name":"GROSreview2011"},"body":{"html":"<nowiki><a href=\"http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwEW4\">The Registrar General’s Annual Review of Demographic Trends 157th Edition 2011</a></nowiki> <nowiki><a about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"external text\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Webarchive&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Webarchive&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20130605215518/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2013-06-05&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130605215518/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-2011/rgar-2011.pdf\" id=\"mwEW8\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\">Archived</a></nowiki><nowiki><span about=\"#mwt9\" id=\"mwEXA\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"> 2013-06-05 at the </span></nowiki><nowiki><a about=\"#mwt9\" class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"3624\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" id=\"mwEXE\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Wayback Machine</a></nowiki><nowiki><link about=\"#mwt9\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" id=\"mwEXI\" rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"></nowiki>, Accessed 10 February 2013"}}' id="cite_ref-GROSreview2011_1-2" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Demographics_of_Scotland#cite_note-GROSreview2011-1 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> ''Yawan jama'a:'' shekaru 78.4 ga waɗanda aka haifa a cikin 2010 (cf. 72.2 a cikin 1981) ''namiji:'' shekaru 76.1 ga waɗanda aka Haifa a cikin 2011 (cf. 69.1 a cikin 1981). mace: shekaru 80.6 ga waɗanda akahaifa a cikin 2013 (cf. 75.3 a cikin 198) '''Yawan haihuwa gabaɗaya:''' Yawan haihuwa gaba ɗaya (GFR) ya dogara ne akan yawan haihuwa ga mata 1000 na shekarun haihuwa (watau shekaru 15-44). A shekara ta 2011 an haifi 56.4 ga kowace mace 1000. Don kwatanta, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 20 ya kasance mafi girma a lokacin 'ƙananan yara' na shekarun 1960. GFR ta kai yawan haihuwa 99.5 ga mata 1000 a shekarar 1962. A shekara ta 2001 GFR ta fadi zuwa matakin mafi ƙasƙanci bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II na haihuwa 50 ga mata 1000. '''Harsuna:''' [[Turanci]], Scots (ciki har da Doric, Tsakiya da Yankin) da Gaelic '''Aure:''' A cikin 2011 akwai aure 29,135 a Scotland. Wannan karuwar kashi 2.3% ne a kan 2010. Ta hanyar kwatanta tarihi, mafi girma da aka taɓa samu shine 53,522 a cikin 1940. A cikin 1970s an sami matsakaita tsakanin 40 zuwa 45,000 aure a shekara.  Ƙididdigar shekara mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya kasance 27,524 a cikin 2009 kuma mafi ƙanƙanta akan rikodin shine 19,655 a cikin 1858. Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa sune yawan abin da ake kira 'auren yawon bude ido', inda babu wani abokin tarayya da ke zaune a Scotland. A shekara ta 2011 akwai irin waɗannan auren 6,829, wanda kashi 48% ya faru a Gretna, mafi mashahuri daga duk wuraren bikin aure. Haɗin gwiwar jama'a: [1] Dokar Haɗin kai ta 2004 ta fara aiki a cikin Disamba 2005. A cikin 2006 adadin rajistar haɗin gwiwar farar hula ya kasance 1,047. Wani adadi na kashe daya da aka ba da adadin daɗaɗɗen alaƙa waɗanda suka riga sun wanzu waɗanda za a iya yin rajista. Tun daga wannan lokacin adadin bukukuwan a kowace shekara ya ragu daga 688 a 2007 zuwa rajista 465 a 2010. 2011 ya sami karuwa na farko tun 2006 tare da rajista 554. [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o3lj7qjeg29du1iyy7cokhlgzdwkqzj 0 112486 885222 695315 2026-07-20T11:44:59Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Mutum ya ba da shawara, Allah ya watsar''''' da wani zanen mai akan zanen 1864 da ɗan wasan Ingila Sir Edwin Landseer ya yi. Aikin ya samu wahayi ne ta hanyar neman ɓataccen balaguron da Franklin ya yi wanda ya ɓace a cikin [[Arctic]] bayan 1845. Zanen yana cikin tarin Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London, kuma batu ne na tatsuniyar camfe-camfe na birni cewa zanen yana da ban tsoro. == Bayani == Zanen yana ɗaukar sautin duhu na ayyukan Landseer daga baya. Wurin ya nuna nau'in polar bears guda biyu a cikin tarkacen balaguron balaguro - na'urar hangen nesa, ragowar jajayen ja, jirgin ruwa, da kasusuwan mutane, wanda William Michael Rossetti ya kira "mafi bakin ciki na ''membra disjecta'' ". Hoton ya nuna dan Adam da wayewar da aka ci nasara da " dabi'a, ja a hakori da katsewa ", kuma ana iya kallon shi a matsayin sharhi kan rikicin cin nasara na Birtaniyya da mulkin mallaka a tsakiyar karni na 19. === Fage === Zanen yana nuna yanayin yanayin [[Arctic]] da aka zayyana bayan balaguron Sir John Franklin a 1845 don gano hanyar Arewa maso Yamma . Maza 134 na balagurorin Franklin sun bar Greenhithe a watan Mayu 1845 akan ƙeƙasasshen ƙarfe guda biyu masu ƙarfin tururi, HMS <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Erebus</i></nowiki> da HMS <nowiki><i id="mwKA">Terror</i></nowiki> . Bayan da biyar suka bar jirgin, sauran mutane 129 da jirgin ruwa na whaling ya gansu na ƙarshe a cikin Lancaster Sound a cikin Yuli 1845, amma sai suka bace ba tare da gano cikin ƙanƙara ba. An tsara balaguron balaguro na tsawon shekaru da yawa, amma daga ƙarshe, an tura ƙungiyoyin bincike yayin da lokaci ya wuce kuma ba a sake yin wani abu ba. A cikin 1854, Inuit ya ba da labarin abubuwan gani a cikin 1850 ga Kyaftin John Rae na Kamfanin Hudson's Bay, kuma ya sami wasu gawawwaki a tsibirin King William . Rae ya kuma bayar da rahoton zargin cin naman mutane a cikin wadanda suka tsira na karshe. A cikin 1859, Francis Leopold McClintock ya buga ''The Voyage of the'' Fox ''in the Arctic Seas'', wani asusun tafiyarsa a <nowiki><i id="mwNA">Fox</i></nowiki> don neman Franklin daga 1857 zuwa 1859, da kuma gano ragowar ma'aikatan jirgin biyu daga ''Erebus'' a kan tsibirin King William a farkon 1859, tare da jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa. Zane na iya samun wahayi daga zanen Caspar David Friedrich na 1824 na ''Tekun Ice'', da Frederic Edwin Church 's ''The Icebergs'', wanda aka fara nuna shi a [[New York (jiha)|NewYork]] a 1861 kuma aka nuna shi a Landan a 1863. == Asalin taken == [[File:Armada_Medal_2.jpg|thumb|Lambar yabo ta Dutch na 1588 mai ɗauke da rubutun Latin ''Homo Proponit Deus Disponit'' (Mutum ya ba da shawarar Allah Ya kawar)]] Kalmar nan “Mutum ya ba da shawara, amma Allah ya ba da” fassarar kalmar Latin “Homo proponit, sed Deus disponit” ce daga Littafin I, babi na 19, na ''Koyi da Kristi'', littafi na ƙarni na 15 na malamin Jamus Thomas à Kempis . ’Yan fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da aka sabunta da kuma fassara sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin fassarar {{Bibleverse|Proverbs|19:21|kjv}}, amma ainihin ayar ta fi tsayi kuma dalla-dalla. Har ila yau, an sanya wannan furcin a lambar yabo na tunawa da mutanen Holland na bikin nasarar Furotesta na Elizabethan Ingila a 1588 a kan Armada na Mutanen Espanya na Katolika. Irin wannan jumla ta bayyana a ƙarshen layin Lucian 's "Symposium" (kimanin AD 150), yana ambato daga ƙarshen ƙarshen [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] 's ''Alcestis'', ''Andromache'', ''Helen'', da ''Bacchae'' (ƙarni na 5 BC): "πολλὰ δ᾽ ἀέΰΰΰ" κραίνουσι θεοί" (a sako-sako da fassara, "alloli suna kawo abubuwa da yawa zuwa ga ƙarshe na ban mamaki"). == liyafar == An baje kolin zanen a wurin nunin bazara na 1864 Royal Academy . An gayyaci Lady Franklin zuwa baje kolin, amma ta guje wa zanen "m". ''The Art Journal'' ya bayyana "waka, pathos, da ta'addanci" da "girma mai ban tausayi", ''Athenaeum'' ya lura da "almara" inganci, kuma ''Asabar Review'' ya yaba da "tausayin jin dadi". An sayar da zanen a gwanjo ga Thomas Holloway a 1881. A halin yanzu yana rataye a cikin hoton hoton Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London . === Tatsuniyar birni === An rubuta da kyau cewa ɗalibai a Royal Holloway sun yi imanin cewa zanen ya kasance la'ana ne ko kuma abin kunya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man Proposes, God Disposes: is it haunted? - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3coSAkzrn28 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref name="TC2">{{Cite web |last=MacCulloch |first=Laura |date=11 September 2014 |title=The haunted painting of fabled Franklin ship discovered in the Canadian Arctic |url=http://theconversation.com/the-haunted-painting-of-fabled-franklin-ship-discovered-in-the-canadian-arctic-31541 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="huff2">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Why Do So Many Students At Royal Holloway Fear Edwin Landseer's Eerie Painting? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/15/students-at-royal-holloway-fear-this-eerie-painting_n_5821174.html |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> Wani almara a tsakanin ɗalibai tun aƙalla a tsakanin shekarun 1920 ko 1930, kuma har yanzu ana gudanar da shi a cikin 1980s, shi ne cewa duk wanda ke zaune a gaban zanen yayin jarrabawa zai faɗi. <ref name="huff2" /> Al'adar koleji na buƙatar rufe zane na ɗan lokaci tare da [[Union Jack]] lokacin da jarrabawar ɗalibai ke gudana. <ref name="huff2" /> Wannan ya samo asali ne da wani lamari da ya faru a shekarun 1970 inda wani [[Invigilator|mai duba]] jarrabawa ya yi gaggawar rufe zanen da abu na farko da za su iya gano wanda zai kai girman isa, yayin da dalibi ya ki cin jarrabawarsu ta hanyar zanen da ba a fallasa. <ref name="TC2" /> <ref name="BBC2">{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2014 |title=The painting reputed to make students fail exams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-29175003 |access-date=December 3, 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Labarin zanen mummunan sa'a daga baya ya zama <ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Why Do So Many Students At Royal Holloway Fear Edwin Landseer's Eerie Painting? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/15/students-at-royal-holloway-fear-this-eerie-painting_n_5821174.html |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> a cikin tatsuniyar birni cewa ɗalibin da ke yin jarrabawa ya kashe kansa bayan ya kalli zanen, ya rubuta "The polar bears made me do it" a takardar jarrabawar su. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2014 |title=The painting reputed to make students fail exams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-29175003 |access-date=December 3, 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, babu wani rikodin jami'a na mutuwa a cikin hoton hoton. <ref name="huff" /> Mai kula da kwalejin ya ce a cikin wata hira ta 2014 cewa "Na ji yarinya ce, na ji yaro ne, na ji game da hanyoyi uku (mabambanta) da suka kashe kansu." <ref name="BBC" /> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Ƙungiyar amo ta Amurka Sprain tana da waƙa mai suna bayan zanen akan kundin su na 2023 ''The Lamb as Effigy'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jcl7pstaulglcty63yndl6kurn9gfov 885224 885222 2026-07-20T11:46:09Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Mutum ya ba da shawara, Allah ya watsar''''' da wani zanen mai akan zanen 1864 da ɗan wasan Ingila Sir Edwin Landseer ya yi. Aikin ya samu wahayi ne ta hanyar neman ɓataccen balaguron da Franklin ya yi wanda ya ɓace a cikin [[Arctic]] bayan 1845. Zanen yana cikin tarin Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London, kuma batu ne na tatsuniyar camfe-camfe na [[birni]] cewa zanen yana da ban tsoro. == Bayani == Zanen yana ɗaukar sautin duhu na ayyukan Landseer daga baya. Wurin ya nuna nau'in polar bears guda biyu a cikin tarkacen balaguron balaguro - na'urar hangen nesa, ragowar jajayen ja, jirgin ruwa, da kasusuwan mutane, wanda William Michael Rossetti ya kira "mafi bakin ciki na ''membra disjecta'' ". Hoton ya nuna dan Adam da wayewar da aka ci nasara da " dabi'a, ja a hakori da katsewa ", kuma ana iya kallon shi a matsayin sharhi kan rikicin cin nasara na Birtaniyya da mulkin mallaka a tsakiyar karni na 19. === Fage === Zanen yana nuna yanayin yanayin [[Arctic]] da aka zayyana bayan balaguron Sir John Franklin a 1845 don gano hanyar Arewa maso Yamma . Maza 134 na balagurorin Franklin sun bar Greenhithe a watan Mayu 1845 akan ƙeƙasasshen ƙarfe guda biyu masu ƙarfin tururi, HMS <nowiki><i id="mwJg">Erebus</i></nowiki> da HMS <nowiki><i id="mwKA">Terror</i></nowiki> . Bayan da biyar suka bar jirgin, sauran mutane 129 da jirgin ruwa na whaling ya gansu na ƙarshe a cikin Lancaster Sound a cikin Yuli 1845, amma sai suka bace ba tare da gano cikin ƙanƙara ba. An tsara balaguron balaguro na tsawon shekaru da yawa, amma daga ƙarshe, an tura ƙungiyoyin bincike yayin da lokaci ya wuce kuma ba a sake yin wani abu ba. A cikin 1854, Inuit ya ba da labarin abubuwan gani a cikin 1850 ga Kyaftin John Rae na Kamfanin Hudson's Bay, kuma ya sami wasu gawawwaki a tsibirin King William . Rae ya kuma bayar da rahoton zargin cin naman mutane a cikin wadanda suka tsira na karshe. A cikin 1859, Francis Leopold McClintock ya buga ''The Voyage of the'' Fox ''in the Arctic Seas'', wani asusun tafiyarsa a <nowiki><i id="mwNA">Fox</i></nowiki> don neman Franklin daga 1857 zuwa 1859, da kuma gano ragowar ma'aikatan jirgin biyu daga ''Erebus'' a kan tsibirin King William a farkon 1859, tare da jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa. Zane na iya samun wahayi daga zanen Caspar David Friedrich na 1824 na ''Tekun Ice'', da Frederic Edwin Church 's ''The Icebergs'', wanda aka fara nuna shi a [[New York (jiha)|NewYork]] a 1861 kuma aka nuna shi a Landan a 1863. == Asalin taken == [[File:Armada_Medal_2.jpg|thumb|Lambar yabo ta Dutch na 1588 mai ɗauke da rubutun Latin ''Homo Proponit Deus Disponit'' (Mutum ya ba da shawarar Allah Ya kawar)]] Kalmar nan “Mutum ya ba da shawara, amma Allah ya ba da” fassarar kalmar Latin “Homo proponit, sed Deus disponit” ce daga Littafin I, babi na 19, na ''Koyi da Kristi'', littafi na ƙarni na 15 na malamin Jamus Thomas à Kempis . ’Yan fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki da aka sabunta da kuma fassara sun yi amfani da shi a matsayin fassarar {{Bibleverse|Proverbs|19:21|kjv}}, amma ainihin ayar ta fi tsayi kuma dalla-dalla. Har ila yau, an sanya wannan furcin a lambar yabo na tunawa da mutanen Holland na bikin nasarar Furotesta na Elizabethan Ingila a 1588 a kan Armada na Mutanen Espanya na Katolika. Irin wannan jumla ta bayyana a ƙarshen layin Lucian 's "Symposium" (kimanin AD 150), yana ambato daga ƙarshen ƙarshen [[Euriphedes Alcestis|Euripides]] 's ''Alcestis'', ''Andromache'', ''Helen'', da ''Bacchae'' (ƙarni na 5 BC): "πολλὰ δ᾽ ἀέΰΰΰ" κραίνουσι θεοί" (a sako-sako da fassara, "alloli suna kawo abubuwa da yawa zuwa ga ƙarshe na ban mamaki"). == liyafar == An baje kolin zanen a wurin nunin bazara na 1864 Royal Academy . An gayyaci Lady Franklin zuwa baje kolin, amma ta guje wa zanen "m". ''The Art Journal'' ya bayyana "waka, pathos, da ta'addanci" da "girma mai ban tausayi", ''Athenaeum'' ya lura da "almara" inganci, kuma ''Asabar Review'' ya yaba da "tausayin jin dadi". An sayar da zanen a gwanjo ga Thomas Holloway a 1881. A halin yanzu yana rataye a cikin hoton hoton Royal Holloway, Jami'ar London . === Tatsuniyar birni === An rubuta da kyau cewa ɗalibai a Royal Holloway sun yi imanin cewa zanen ya kasance la'ana ne ko kuma abin kunya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Man Proposes, God Disposes: is it haunted? - YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3coSAkzrn28 |website=www.youtube.com}}</ref> <ref name="TC2">{{Cite web |last=MacCulloch |first=Laura |date=11 September 2014 |title=The haunted painting of fabled Franklin ship discovered in the Canadian Arctic |url=http://theconversation.com/the-haunted-painting-of-fabled-franklin-ship-discovered-in-the-canadian-arctic-31541 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="huff2">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Why Do So Many Students At Royal Holloway Fear Edwin Landseer's Eerie Painting? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/15/students-at-royal-holloway-fear-this-eerie-painting_n_5821174.html |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> Wani almara a tsakanin ɗalibai tun aƙalla a tsakanin shekarun 1920 ko 1930, kuma har yanzu ana gudanar da shi a cikin 1980s, shi ne cewa duk wanda ke zaune a gaban zanen yayin jarrabawa zai faɗi. <ref name="huff2" /> Al'adar koleji na buƙatar rufe zane na ɗan lokaci tare da [[Union Jack]] lokacin da jarrabawar ɗalibai ke gudana. <ref name="huff2" /> Wannan ya samo asali ne da wani lamari da ya faru a shekarun 1970 inda wani [[Invigilator|mai duba]] jarrabawa ya yi gaggawar rufe zanen da abu na farko da za su iya gano wanda zai kai girman isa, yayin da dalibi ya ki cin jarrabawarsu ta hanyar zanen da ba a fallasa. <ref name="TC2" /> <ref name="BBC2">{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2014 |title=The painting reputed to make students fail exams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-29175003 |access-date=December 3, 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Labarin zanen mummunan sa'a daga baya ya zama <ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Why Do So Many Students At Royal Holloway Fear Edwin Landseer's Eerie Painting? |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/09/15/students-at-royal-holloway-fear-this-eerie-painting_n_5821174.html |website=Huffington Post}}</ref> a cikin tatsuniyar birni cewa ɗalibin da ke yin jarrabawa ya kashe kansa bayan ya kalli zanen, ya rubuta "The polar bears made me do it" a takardar jarrabawar su. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web |date=September 13, 2014 |title=The painting reputed to make students fail exams |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-29175003 |access-date=December 3, 2020 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Duk da haka, babu wani rikodin jami'a na mutuwa a cikin hoton hoton. <ref name="huff" /> Mai kula da kwalejin ya ce a cikin wata hira ta 2014 cewa "Na ji yarinya ce, na ji yaro ne, na ji game da hanyoyi uku (mabambanta) da suka kashe kansu." <ref name="BBC" /> == A cikin shahararrun al'adu == Ƙungiyar amo ta Amurka Sprain tana da waƙa mai suna bayan zanen akan kundin su na 2023 ''The Lamb as Effigy'' . == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4yoz7zo1dymyuf3vj8vuc5t5c5v1qvl 0 113261 884844 704590 2026-07-19T12:18:39Z Pharouqenr 25549 884844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set''' ('''ICOADS''') wani Bayanan bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]], jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan ICOADS sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="status2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set", an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodruff |first=Scott D. |last2=Slutz |first2=Ralph J. |last3=Jenne |first3=Roy L. |last4=Steurer |first4=Peter M. |date=1987 |title=A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/68/10/1520-0477_1987_068_1239_acoads_2_0_co_2.xml |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=68 |issue=10 |pages=1239–1250 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068<1239:ACOADS>2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scott D. Woodruff, [[Ralph J. Slutz]], Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] da [[Jamus]], <ref name="status2" /> an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS . <ref name="status2" /> <ref name="country2">{{Cite web |last=CISL Research Data Archive |year=2011 |title=ds540.0 Primary Archive Summary |url=http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=University Corporationfor Atmospheric Research |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113349/http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-01-28 |title=ICOADS Chronology and News |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata.<ref name="history2" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa [[BUFR]] a kan [[Global Telecommunications System|Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS)]] a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=icoads.noaa.gov |url=https://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |website=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set}}</ref> Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261. == Bayanan da ake da su == ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, [[danshi]], da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.<ref name="status">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Bincike mai alaƙa == Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin [[Guguwar Atlantika|Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christopher W. Landsea |last2=David A. Glenn |last3=William Bredmeyer |last4=Michael Chenoweth |last5=Ryan Ellis |last6=John Gamanche |last7=Lyle Hufstetler |last8=Cary Mock |last9=Ramon Perez |last10=Ricardo Prieto |last11=Jorge Sánchez-Sesma |last12=Donna Thomas |last13=Lenworth Woolcock |date=2008 |title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=2140 |bibcode=2008JCli...21.2138L |doi=10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1}}</ref> An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clara Deser |last2=Adam S. Phillips |last3=Michael A. Alexander |year=2010 |title=Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=37 |page=1 |bibcode=2010GeoRL..3710701D |doi=10.1029/2010GL043321 |doi-access=}}</ref> Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p4bcqqm0yjd91m6r11o8kr3ctcif4x6 884845 884844 2026-07-19T12:19:00Z Pharouqenr 25549 884845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set''' ('''ICOADS''') wasu bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]], jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan ICOADS sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="status2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set", an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodruff |first=Scott D. |last2=Slutz |first2=Ralph J. |last3=Jenne |first3=Roy L. |last4=Steurer |first4=Peter M. |date=1987 |title=A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/68/10/1520-0477_1987_068_1239_acoads_2_0_co_2.xml |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=68 |issue=10 |pages=1239–1250 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068<1239:ACOADS>2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scott D. Woodruff, [[Ralph J. Slutz]], Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] da [[Jamus]], <ref name="status2" /> an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS . <ref name="status2" /> <ref name="country2">{{Cite web |last=CISL Research Data Archive |year=2011 |title=ds540.0 Primary Archive Summary |url=http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=University Corporationfor Atmospheric Research |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113349/http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-01-28 |title=ICOADS Chronology and News |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata.<ref name="history2" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa [[BUFR]] a kan [[Global Telecommunications System|Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS)]] a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=icoads.noaa.gov |url=https://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |website=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set}}</ref> Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261. == Bayanan da ake da su == ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, [[danshi]], da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.<ref name="status">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Bincike mai alaƙa == Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin [[Guguwar Atlantika|Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christopher W. Landsea |last2=David A. Glenn |last3=William Bredmeyer |last4=Michael Chenoweth |last5=Ryan Ellis |last6=John Gamanche |last7=Lyle Hufstetler |last8=Cary Mock |last9=Ramon Perez |last10=Ricardo Prieto |last11=Jorge Sánchez-Sesma |last12=Donna Thomas |last13=Lenworth Woolcock |date=2008 |title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=2140 |bibcode=2008JCli...21.2138L |doi=10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1}}</ref> An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clara Deser |last2=Adam S. Phillips |last3=Michael A. Alexander |year=2010 |title=Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=37 |page=1 |bibcode=2010GeoRL..3710701D |doi=10.1029/2010GL043321 |doi-access=}}</ref> Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p2qx908ezteaxhkzwa9josk8u7pxr9g 884846 884845 2026-07-19T12:19:18Z Pharouqenr 25549 884846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set''' ('''ICOADS''') wasu bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]], jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan '''ICOADS''' sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="status2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set", an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodruff |first=Scott D. |last2=Slutz |first2=Ralph J. |last3=Jenne |first3=Roy L. |last4=Steurer |first4=Peter M. |date=1987 |title=A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/68/10/1520-0477_1987_068_1239_acoads_2_0_co_2.xml |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=68 |issue=10 |pages=1239–1250 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068<1239:ACOADS>2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scott D. Woodruff, [[Ralph J. Slutz]], Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] da [[Jamus]], <ref name="status2" /> an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS . <ref name="status2" /> <ref name="country2">{{Cite web |last=CISL Research Data Archive |year=2011 |title=ds540.0 Primary Archive Summary |url=http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=University Corporationfor Atmospheric Research |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113349/http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-01-28 |title=ICOADS Chronology and News |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata.<ref name="history2" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa [[BUFR]] a kan [[Global Telecommunications System|Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS)]] a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=icoads.noaa.gov |url=https://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |website=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set}}</ref> Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261. == Bayanan da ake da su == ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, [[danshi]], da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.<ref name="status">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Bincike mai alaƙa == Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin [[Guguwar Atlantika|Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christopher W. Landsea |last2=David A. Glenn |last3=William Bredmeyer |last4=Michael Chenoweth |last5=Ryan Ellis |last6=John Gamanche |last7=Lyle Hufstetler |last8=Cary Mock |last9=Ramon Perez |last10=Ricardo Prieto |last11=Jorge Sánchez-Sesma |last12=Donna Thomas |last13=Lenworth Woolcock |date=2008 |title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=2140 |bibcode=2008JCli...21.2138L |doi=10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1}}</ref> An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clara Deser |last2=Adam S. Phillips |last3=Michael A. Alexander |year=2010 |title=Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=37 |page=1 |bibcode=2010GeoRL..3710701D |doi=10.1029/2010GL043321 |doi-access=}}</ref> Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g1l8wwv5yicob2gtf9xjj4h0iz48hzr 884847 884846 2026-07-19T12:19:30Z Pharouqenr 25549 884847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set''' ('''ICOADS''') wasu bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]], jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan '''ICOADS''' sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="status2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set", an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodruff |first=Scott D. |last2=Slutz |first2=Ralph J. |last3=Jenne |first3=Roy L. |last4=Steurer |first4=Peter M. |date=1987 |title=A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/68/10/1520-0477_1987_068_1239_acoads_2_0_co_2.xml |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=68 |issue=10 |pages=1239–1250 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068<1239:ACOADS>2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scott D. Woodruff, [[Ralph J. Slutz]], Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] da [[Jamus]], <ref name="status2" /> an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS . <ref name="status2" /> <ref name="country2">{{Cite web |last=CISL Research Data Archive |year=2011 |title=ds540.0 Primary Archive Summary |url=http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=University Corporationfor Atmospheric Research |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113349/http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-01-28 |title=ICOADS Chronology and News |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata.<ref name="history2" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa [[BUFR]] a kan Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS) a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=icoads.noaa.gov |url=https://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |website=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set}}</ref> Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261. == Bayanan da ake da su == ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, [[danshi]], da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.<ref name="status">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Bincike mai alaƙa == Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin [[Guguwar Atlantika|Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christopher W. Landsea |last2=David A. Glenn |last3=William Bredmeyer |last4=Michael Chenoweth |last5=Ryan Ellis |last6=John Gamanche |last7=Lyle Hufstetler |last8=Cary Mock |last9=Ramon Perez |last10=Ricardo Prieto |last11=Jorge Sánchez-Sesma |last12=Donna Thomas |last13=Lenworth Woolcock |date=2008 |title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=2140 |bibcode=2008JCli...21.2138L |doi=10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1}}</ref> An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clara Deser |last2=Adam S. Phillips |last3=Michael A. Alexander |year=2010 |title=Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=37 |page=1 |bibcode=2010GeoRL..3710701D |doi=10.1029/2010GL043321 |doi-access=}}</ref> Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] lpmgc6tmmkkrkdr53bcq20bpxi0xhp1 884848 884847 2026-07-19T12:19:44Z Pharouqenr 25549 884848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set''' ('''ICOADS''') wasu bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]], jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan '''ICOADS''' sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="status2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set", an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodruff |first=Scott D. |last2=Slutz |first2=Ralph J. |last3=Jenne |first3=Roy L. |last4=Steurer |first4=Peter M. |date=1987 |title=A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/68/10/1520-0477_1987_068_1239_acoads_2_0_co_2.xml |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=68 |issue=10 |pages=1239–1250 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068<1239:ACOADS>2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scott D. Woodruff, [[Ralph J. Slutz]], Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] da [[Jamus]], <ref name="status2" /> an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS.<ref name="status2" /><ref name="country2">{{Cite web |last=CISL Research Data Archive |year=2011 |title=ds540.0 Primary Archive Summary |url=http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=University Corporationfor Atmospheric Research |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113349/http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-01-28 |title=ICOADS Chronology and News |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata.<ref name="history2" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa [[BUFR]] a kan Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS) a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=icoads.noaa.gov |url=https://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |website=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set}}</ref> Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261. == Bayanan da ake da su == ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, [[danshi]], da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.<ref name="status">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Bincike mai alaƙa == Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin [[Guguwar Atlantika|Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christopher W. Landsea |last2=David A. Glenn |last3=William Bredmeyer |last4=Michael Chenoweth |last5=Ryan Ellis |last6=John Gamanche |last7=Lyle Hufstetler |last8=Cary Mock |last9=Ramon Perez |last10=Ricardo Prieto |last11=Jorge Sánchez-Sesma |last12=Donna Thomas |last13=Lenworth Woolcock |date=2008 |title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=2140 |bibcode=2008JCli...21.2138L |doi=10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1}}</ref> An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clara Deser |last2=Adam S. Phillips |last3=Michael A. Alexander |year=2010 |title=Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=37 |page=1 |bibcode=2010GeoRL..3710701D |doi=10.1029/2010GL043321 |doi-access=}}</ref> Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya]] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] o6wned0lvqqcl14c251zw95ropvizon 884849 884848 2026-07-19T12:20:06Z Pharouqenr 25549 884849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set''' ('''ICOADS''') wasu bayanai ne na dijital na abubuwan lura da yanayi miliyan 261 da [[Jirgin Ruwa|jiragen ruwa]], jiragen ruwa, da kuma yanayin yanayi suka hada da shekaru 1662 zuwa 2007. An fara gina bayanan ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana ci gaba da fadada shi kuma ana sabunta shi akai-akai. Daga bayanan asali, an halicci bayanan da aka tsara. Bayanan '''ICOADS''' sun kasance da amfani wajen tantance amincin ma'aunin jirgin ruwa da iska, taimakawa wajen tantance yanayin zafin jiki a filin zafin jiki na teku, da kuma sabunta bayanan guguwar Atlantic.&nbsp; == Tarihi == Da farko a cikin 1981, an fara gina cikakken bayanan Ocean-Atmosphere (COADS) a cikin [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]].<ref name="status2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 1985, an kirkiro sigar farko ta wannan bayanan, gami da rahotanni miliyan 70 da suka shafi shekarun 1854 zuwa 1979. Takardar COADS ta farko, mai taken "A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set", an buga ta a cikin 1987 a cikin Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society .<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodruff |first=Scott D. |last2=Slutz |first2=Ralph J. |last3=Jenne |first3=Roy L. |last4=Steurer |first4=Peter M. |date=1987 |title=A Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |url=https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/68/10/1520-0477_1987_068_1239_acoads_2_0_co_2.xml |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=68 |issue=10 |pages=1239–1250 |doi=10.1175/1520-0477(1987)068<1239:ACOADS>2.0.CO;2 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Scott D. Woodruff, [[Ralph J. Slutz]], Roy L. Jenne, da Peter M. Steurer ne suka rubuta shi. Kowace shekara bayan haka, an kara bayanan kwanan nan a cikin bayanan don fadada tsawonsa zuwa yanzu. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1996, an kirkiro bayanan farko, ta amfani da digiri daya na latitude ta digiri daya na tsawon lokaci na shekarun 1960 zuwa 1993. A watan Nuwamba mai zuwa, an sake su kuma an tsawaita su don rufe shekaru har zuwa 1995. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1999, an kara su zuwa shekara ta 1997. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, an kirkiro digiri biyu a kowane wata na shekarun 1800 zuwa 1949, kuma don nuna godiya ga shigarwa daga wasu ƙasashe [[Birtaniya|Ƙasar Ingila]] da [[Jamus]], <ref name="status2" /> an sake sunan bayanan ICOADS.<ref name="status2" /><ref name="country2">{{Cite web |last=CISL Research Data Archive |year=2011 |title=ds540.0 Primary Archive Summary |url=http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=University Corporationfor Atmospheric Research |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718113349/http://dss.ucar.edu/datasets/ds540.0/metadata/detailed.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="history2">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-01-28 |title=ICOADS Chronology and News |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=2011-01-30 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2000, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1784. A watan Satumbar 2002, wannan bayanan ya zama samuwa ta hanyar [[Yanar gizo|Intanet]]. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2005, an ƙara bayanai daga buoys na yanayi a cikin bayanan. A watan Yulin shekara ta 2009, an tsawaita bayanan zuwa shekara ta 1662. An fara sabunta bayanai don haɗawa da abubuwan lura na baya-bayan nan kowane wata.<ref name="history2" /> Bayan sauye-sauyen tsari zuwa [[BUFR]] a kan Tsarin Sadarwar Duniya (GTS) a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ICOADS ta fara fassara abubuwan lura na BUFR na kusa da ainihin lokacin da kuma haɗa su da tsarin Alphanumeric Code (TAC) na gargajiya don sabon sigar kusan ainihin lokacin a cikin 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=icoads.noaa.gov |url=https://icoads.noaa.gov/news.html |access-date=June 10, 2024 |website=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set}}</ref> Adadin abubuwan lura a cikin bayanan yanzu ya kai miliyan 261. == Bayanan da ake da su == ICOADS yana da bayanai iri-iri na yanayin ruwa a ciki, kamar zafin iska, zafin teku, iska, matsin lamba, [[danshi]], da girgije. Bayanai a cikin lokacin daga 1662 zuwa farkon 1800s a cikin ƙarancin gaske, yayin da tafiye-tafiye na jirgin ruwa ya rufe ƙananan yankuna na duniya a waɗannan kwanakin.<ref name="status">{{Cite web |last=International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set |date=2010-05-03 |title=Project Status |url=http://icoads.noaa.gov/status.html |access-date=2011-01-11 |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]}}</ref> == Bincike mai alaƙa == Dangane da bayanai daga ICOADS, rahotanni na iska daga tashar yanayi da aka rataye an ƙaddara su da ƙaramin kuskure fiye da waɗanda ke cikin jiragen ruwa. Amfani da iskõki da matsin lamba daga lura da teku a cikin ICOADS ya haifar da ingantaccen bayanan guguwar Atlantic a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake nazarin [[Guguwar Atlantika|Guguwar Arewacin Atlantic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Christopher W. Landsea |last2=David A. Glenn |last3=William Bredmeyer |last4=Michael Chenoweth |last5=Ryan Ellis |last6=John Gamanche |last7=Lyle Hufstetler |last8=Cary Mock |last9=Ramon Perez |last10=Ricardo Prieto |last11=Jorge Sánchez-Sesma |last12=Donna Thomas |last13=Lenworth Woolcock |date=2008 |title=A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database |url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf |journal=Journal of Climate |volume=21 |issue=10 |page=2140 |bibcode=2008JCli...21.2138L |doi=10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1}}</ref> An yi amfani da bayanan zafin jiki na teku daga ICOADS don gano yanayin karni na 20 a cikin wannan filin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clara Deser |last2=Adam S. Phillips |last3=Michael A. Alexander |year=2010 |title=Twentieth century tropical sea surface temperature trends revisited |journal=[[Geophysical Research Letters]] |volume=37 |page=1 |bibcode=2010GeoRL..3710701D |doi=10.1029/2010GL043321 |doi-access=}}</ref> Binciken yanayi na duniya na shekarun da suka gabata sun yi amfani da bayanan a cikin ICOADS. == Dubi kuma == * [[Tsarin sararin samaniya sake ginawa a duniya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] nxemmad9n5o5zsjvr1g07l5kuryoezw 0 113638 884895 698341 2026-07-19T12:40:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 884895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai''' ('''MMS''') wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aunin Cikin Gida ta Amurka wacce ke kula da iskar gas, mai da sauran albarkatun ma'adanai a kan tashar nahiyar waje (OCS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701031314/http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-date=July 1, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2010 |website=Minerals Management Service |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About BOEMRE |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418231344/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Saboda rikice-rikicen da aka gani na sha'awa da kuma rashin kulawa da tsarin mulki biyo bayan zubar da man fetur na Deepwater Horizon da binciken Sufeto Janar, Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar ya ba da umarnin sakatare a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2010, ya raba MMS zuwa sabbin hukumomin tarayya guda uku: [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]], Ofishin Tsaro da Muhalli, da Ofishin Haraji na Halitta. An sake sunan MMS na ɗan lokaci Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta (BOEMRE) a lokacin wannan sake tsarawa kafin a rushe shi a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2011. Hedikwatar a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], Hukumar ta sami mafi yawan kudaden shiga daga hayar ƙasashe da ruwa na tarayya ga kamfanonin mai da iskar gas tare da riba na 98% . Ya kasance daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga guda biyar ga gwamnatin tarayya, IRS ita ce lambar daya.<ref name="politifact.com" /> A matsayin MMS (kafin sauyawa zuwa BOEMRE), fasalin sa hannu na Hukumar bisa ga wani nau'i uku na bayanai shi ne cewa "ta zama jagorar al'ummarmu a ci gaban makamashi na waje da tattara sarauta a madadin jama'ar Amurka. " Game da aiwatar da ka'idoji da aminci, wannan littafin ya nuna cewa "MMS kuma tana tallafawa karatun kimiyya na ci gaba da aiwatar da mafi girman tsaro da ka'idodin muhalli. " An sanya bayanin aikin Hukumar a hukumance a cikin Shirin Kasafin Kudinta na 2010:<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}</ref>   == Tarihi == An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1982. <ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> A watan Janairun 1983, Majalisa ta zartar da [[Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act|Dokar Gudanar da Man Fetur da Gas ta Tarayya]] tare da manufar da aka bayyana: <ref name="royaltymngtact1982">{{Cite web |last=97th United States Congress |author-link=97th United States Congress |date=January 12, 1983 |title=Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982 |url=http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527175653/http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=96 STAT. 2447}}</ref>   Sakataren Cikin Gida a lokacin, James G. Watt, ya sanya MMS a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa da ke da alhakin aiwatar da ayyukan a karkashin Dokar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCS Lands Act History |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420185419/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Tare da wucewar Dokar Manufofin Makamashi ta 2005, an ba MMS iko don haɓaka ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar raƙuman ruwa, iska da makamashi na yanzu, a kan Shelf na Kasashen Waje.<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, hukumar ta kunshi raka'a biyu na aiki, MRM da OEMM. * Offshore Energy and Minerals Management (OEMM) - A karkashin jagorancin Dokar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta 1953, OEMM ta gudanar da makamashi da ci gaban ma'adinai a cikin kadada sama da biliyan 1.71 na Kasuwancin Yammacin Kasuwancin (OCS) kuma a kowace shekara tana ba da gudummawa ga Baitulmalin Amurka da ake sa ran dala biliyan 5 a cikin kudaden shiga na ma'adanai a cikin 2010. * Minerals Revenue Management (MRM) - Ta hanyar shirin MRM, hukumar ta tattara, ta lissafa, kuma ta ba da kudaden shiga na ma'adinai daga haya na tarayya da na Indiyawan Amurka. Shirin makamashi mai sabuntawa na hukumar ya haɗa da ci gaban makamashi masu sabuntawa, kamar iska, raƙuman ruwa, da hasken rana.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Cape Wind Threats: Permit Process |url=http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013142206/http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=2007-12-05 |publisher=Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1982 ta hanyar FY, hukumar ta ba da kusan dala biliyan 200 ga asusun tarayya, jihohi, da na Indiyawan Amurka. A ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2010, an sake sunan Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta aiki kuma an sake tsara shi. == Ayyuka == Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, Hukumar ta dauki ma'aikata kusan mutane 1,600, wanda aka ba da shawarar girma da kasa da ɗari a shekara ta 2010. === Ƙungiya === An sake tsara BOEMRE a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 a karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar bayan bala'in Deepwater Horizon . Ofishin an tsara shi cikin waɗannan sabbin hukumomi guda uku: * [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]] - Yana da alhakin hayar yankunan Outer Continental Shelf don albarkatun makamashi na al'ada da sabuntawa. * [[Ofishin Tsaro da Kula da Muhalli]] - Yana da alhakin tabbatar da cikakken kulawa, aminci, da kariya ta muhalli a duk ayyukan makamashi na waje. * Ofishin Haraji na Albarkatun Halitta - Yana da alhakin sarauta da gudanar da kudaden shiga, gami da tattarawa da rarraba kudaden shiga. == Rashin amincewa da jayayya == Tun lokacin da aka kafa MMS, kuma musamman tun daga shekarun 1990s, Hukumar ta shiga cikin abubuwan kunya da yawa. Misali, a cikin 1990 ma'aikatan MMS suna da alaƙa da karuwanci, kuma a cikin 2008 Sufeto Janar na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan МMS sun shiga cikin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jima'i tare da ma'aikata daga kamfanonin makamashi da za su tsara. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] f7lf4biep3geap24zwi7a31k5wkgbxq 884897 884895 2026-07-19T12:41:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 884897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai''' ('''MMS''') wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aunin Cikin Gida ta [[Amurka]] wacce ke kula da iskar gas, mai da sauran albarkatun ma'adanai a kan tashar nahiyar waje (OCS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701031314/http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-date=July 1, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2010 |website=Minerals Management Service |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About BOEMRE |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418231344/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Saboda rikice-rikicen da aka gani na sha'awa da kuma rashin kulawa da tsarin mulki biyo bayan zubar da man fetur na Deepwater Horizon da binciken Sufeto Janar, Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar ya ba da umarnin sakatare a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2010, ya raba MMS zuwa sabbin hukumomin tarayya guda uku: [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]], Ofishin Tsaro da Muhalli, da Ofishin Haraji na Halitta. An sake sunan MMS na ɗan lokaci Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta (BOEMRE) a lokacin wannan sake tsarawa kafin a rushe shi a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2011. Hedikwatar a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], Hukumar ta sami mafi yawan kudaden shiga daga hayar ƙasashe da ruwa na tarayya ga kamfanonin mai da iskar gas tare da riba na 98% . Ya kasance daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga guda biyar ga gwamnatin tarayya, IRS ita ce lambar daya.<ref name="politifact.com" /> A matsayin MMS (kafin sauyawa zuwa BOEMRE), fasalin sa hannu na Hukumar bisa ga wani nau'i uku na bayanai shi ne cewa "ta zama jagorar al'ummarmu a ci gaban makamashi na waje da tattara sarauta a madadin jama'ar Amurka. " Game da aiwatar da ka'idoji da aminci, wannan littafin ya nuna cewa "MMS kuma tana tallafawa karatun kimiyya na ci gaba da aiwatar da mafi girman tsaro da ka'idodin muhalli. " An sanya bayanin aikin Hukumar a hukumance a cikin Shirin Kasafin Kudinta na 2010:<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}</ref>   == Tarihi == An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1982. <ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> A watan Janairun 1983, Majalisa ta zartar da [[Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act|Dokar Gudanar da Man Fetur da Gas ta Tarayya]] tare da manufar da aka bayyana: <ref name="royaltymngtact1982">{{Cite web |last=97th United States Congress |author-link=97th United States Congress |date=January 12, 1983 |title=Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982 |url=http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527175653/http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=96 STAT. 2447}}</ref>   Sakataren Cikin Gida a lokacin, James G. Watt, ya sanya MMS a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa da ke da alhakin aiwatar da ayyukan a karkashin Dokar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCS Lands Act History |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420185419/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Tare da wucewar Dokar Manufofin Makamashi ta 2005, an ba MMS iko don haɓaka ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar raƙuman ruwa, iska da makamashi na yanzu, a kan Shelf na Kasashen Waje.<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, hukumar ta kunshi raka'a biyu na aiki, MRM da OEMM. * Offshore Energy and Minerals Management (OEMM) - A karkashin jagorancin Dokar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta 1953, OEMM ta gudanar da makamashi da ci gaban ma'adinai a cikin kadada sama da biliyan 1.71 na Kasuwancin Yammacin Kasuwancin (OCS) kuma a kowace shekara tana ba da gudummawa ga Baitulmalin Amurka da ake sa ran dala biliyan 5 a cikin kudaden shiga na ma'adanai a cikin 2010. * Minerals Revenue Management (MRM) - Ta hanyar shirin MRM, hukumar ta tattara, ta lissafa, kuma ta ba da kudaden shiga na ma'adinai daga haya na tarayya da na Indiyawan Amurka. Shirin makamashi mai sabuntawa na hukumar ya haɗa da ci gaban makamashi masu sabuntawa, kamar iska, raƙuman ruwa, da hasken rana.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Cape Wind Threats: Permit Process |url=http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013142206/http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=2007-12-05 |publisher=Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1982 ta hanyar FY, hukumar ta ba da kusan dala biliyan 200 ga asusun tarayya, jihohi, da na Indiyawan Amurka. A ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2010, an sake sunan Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta aiki kuma an sake tsara shi. == Ayyuka == Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, Hukumar ta dauki ma'aikata kusan mutane 1,600, wanda aka ba da shawarar girma da kasa da ɗari a shekara ta 2010. === Ƙungiya === An sake tsara BOEMRE a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 a karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar bayan bala'in Deepwater Horizon . Ofishin an tsara shi cikin waɗannan sabbin hukumomi guda uku: * [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]] - Yana da alhakin hayar yankunan Outer Continental Shelf don albarkatun makamashi na al'ada da sabuntawa. * [[Ofishin Tsaro da Kula da Muhalli]] - Yana da alhakin tabbatar da cikakken kulawa, aminci, da kariya ta muhalli a duk ayyukan makamashi na waje. * Ofishin Haraji na Albarkatun Halitta - Yana da alhakin sarauta da gudanar da kudaden shiga, gami da tattarawa da rarraba kudaden shiga. == Rashin amincewa da jayayya == Tun lokacin da aka kafa MMS, kuma musamman tun daga shekarun 1990s, Hukumar ta shiga cikin abubuwan kunya da yawa. Misali, a cikin 1990 ma'aikatan MMS suna da alaƙa da karuwanci, kuma a cikin 2008 Sufeto Janar na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan МMS sun shiga cikin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jima'i tare da ma'aikata daga kamfanonin makamashi da za su tsara. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i8l39779nkkkq07r8r96dq6892vs578 884898 884897 2026-07-19T12:41:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 884898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai''' ('''MMS''') wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aunin Cikin Gida ta [[Amurka]] wacce ke kula da iskar gas, mai da sauran albarkatun ma'adanai a kan tashar nahiyar waje (OCS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701031314/http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-date=July 1, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2010 |website=Minerals Management Service |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About BOEMRE |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418231344/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Saboda rikice-rikicen da aka gani na sha'awa da kuma rashin kulawa da tsarin mulki biyo bayan zubar da man fetur na Deepwater Horizon da binciken Sufeto Janar, Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar ya ba da umarnin sakatare a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2010, ya raba MMS zuwa sabbin hukumomin tarayya guda uku: [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]], Ofishin Tsaro da Muhalli, da Ofishin Haraji na Halitta. An sake sunan MMS na ɗan lokaci Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta (BOEMRE) a lokacin wannan sake tsarawa kafin a rushe shi a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2011. Hedikwatar a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], Hukumar ta sami mafi yawan kudaden shiga daga hayar ƙasashe da ruwa na tarayya ga kamfanonin mai da iskar gas tare da riba na 98% . Ya kasance daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga guda biyar ga gwamnatin tarayya, IRS ita ce lambar daya.<ref name="politifact.com" /> A matsayin MMS (kafin sauyawa zuwa BOEMRE), fasalin sa hannu na Hukumar bisa ga wani nau'i uku na bayanai shi ne cewa "ta zama jagorar al'ummarmu a ci gaban makamashi na waje da tattara sarauta a madadin jama'ar Amurka. " Game da aiwatar da ka'idoji da aminci, wannan littafin ya nuna cewa "MMS kuma tana tallafawa karatun kimiyya na ci gaba da aiwatar da mafi girman tsaro da ka'idodin muhalli. " An sanya bayanin aikin Hukumar a hukumance a cikin Shirin Kasafin Kudinta na 2010:<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}</ref>   == Tarihi == An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1982. <ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> A watan Janairun 1983, Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Gudanar da Man Fetur da Gas ta Tarayya tare da manufar da aka bayyana: <ref name="royaltymngtact1982">{{Cite web |last=97th United States Congress |author-link=97th United States Congress |date=January 12, 1983 |title=Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982 |url=http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527175653/http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=96 STAT. 2447}}</ref>   Sakataren Cikin Gida a lokacin, James G. Watt, ya sanya MMS a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa da ke da alhakin aiwatar da ayyukan a karkashin Dokar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCS Lands Act History |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420185419/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Tare da wucewar Dokar Manufofin Makamashi ta 2005, an ba MMS iko don haɓaka ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar raƙuman ruwa, iska da makamashi na yanzu, a kan Shelf na Kasashen Waje.<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, hukumar ta kunshi raka'a biyu na aiki, MRM da OEMM. * Offshore Energy and Minerals Management (OEMM) - A karkashin jagorancin Dokar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta 1953, OEMM ta gudanar da makamashi da ci gaban ma'adinai a cikin kadada sama da biliyan 1.71 na Kasuwancin Yammacin Kasuwancin (OCS) kuma a kowace shekara tana ba da gudummawa ga Baitulmalin Amurka da ake sa ran dala biliyan 5 a cikin kudaden shiga na ma'adanai a cikin 2010. * Minerals Revenue Management (MRM) - Ta hanyar shirin MRM, hukumar ta tattara, ta lissafa, kuma ta ba da kudaden shiga na ma'adinai daga haya na tarayya da na Indiyawan Amurka. Shirin makamashi mai sabuntawa na hukumar ya haɗa da ci gaban makamashi masu sabuntawa, kamar iska, raƙuman ruwa, da hasken rana.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Cape Wind Threats: Permit Process |url=http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013142206/http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=2007-12-05 |publisher=Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1982 ta hanyar FY, hukumar ta ba da kusan dala biliyan 200 ga asusun tarayya, jihohi, da na Indiyawan Amurka. A ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2010, an sake sunan Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta aiki kuma an sake tsara shi. == Ayyuka == Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, Hukumar ta dauki ma'aikata kusan mutane 1,600, wanda aka ba da shawarar girma da kasa da ɗari a shekara ta 2010. === Ƙungiya === An sake tsara BOEMRE a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 a karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar bayan bala'in Deepwater Horizon . Ofishin an tsara shi cikin waɗannan sabbin hukumomi guda uku: * [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]] - Yana da alhakin hayar yankunan Outer Continental Shelf don albarkatun makamashi na al'ada da sabuntawa. * [[Ofishin Tsaro da Kula da Muhalli]] - Yana da alhakin tabbatar da cikakken kulawa, aminci, da kariya ta muhalli a duk ayyukan makamashi na waje. * Ofishin Haraji na Albarkatun Halitta - Yana da alhakin sarauta da gudanar da kudaden shiga, gami da tattarawa da rarraba kudaden shiga. == Rashin amincewa da jayayya == Tun lokacin da aka kafa MMS, kuma musamman tun daga shekarun 1990s, Hukumar ta shiga cikin abubuwan kunya da yawa. Misali, a cikin 1990 ma'aikatan MMS suna da alaƙa da karuwanci, kuma a cikin 2008 Sufeto Janar na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan МMS sun shiga cikin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jima'i tare da ma'aikata daga kamfanonin makamashi da za su tsara. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hgcuqoln2c8lk2p5mygxlg989xs1esq 884899 884898 2026-07-19T12:41:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 884899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai''' ('''MMS''') wata hukuma ce ta Ma'aunin Cikin Gida ta [[Amurka]] wacce ke kula da iskar gas, mai da sauran albarkatun ma'adanai a kan tashar nahiyar waje (OCS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100701031314/http://www.mms.gov/aboutmms/ |archive-date=July 1, 2010 |access-date=June 10, 2010 |website=Minerals Management Service |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=About BOEMRE |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418231344/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/ |archive-date=April 18, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Saboda rikice-rikicen da aka gani na sha'awa da kuma rashin kulawa da tsarin mulki biyo bayan zubar da man fetur na Deepwater Horizon da binciken Sufeto Janar, Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar ya ba da umarnin sakatare a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 2010, ya raba MMS zuwa sabbin hukumomin tarayya guda uku: [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]], Ofishin Tsaro da Muhalli, da Ofishin Haraji na Halitta. An sake sunan MMS na ɗan lokaci Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta (BOEMRE) a lokacin wannan sake tsarawa kafin a rushe shi a hukumance a ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 2011. Hedikwatar a [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], Hukumar ta sami mafi yawan kudaden shiga daga hayar ƙasashe da ruwa na tarayya ga kamfanonin mai da iskar gas tare da riba na 98% . Ya kasance daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samun kudin shiga guda biyar ga gwamnatin tarayya, IRS ita ce lambar daya.<ref name="politifact.com" /> A matsayin MMS (kafin sauyawa zuwa BOEMRE), fasalin sa hannu na Hukumar bisa ga wani nau'i uku na bayanai shi ne cewa "ta zama jagorar al'ummarmu a ci gaban makamashi na waje da tattara sarauta a madadin jama'ar Amurka. " Game da aiwatar da ka'idoji da aminci, wannan littafin ya nuna cewa "MMS kuma tana tallafawa karatun kimiyya na ci gaba da aiwatar da mafi girman tsaro da ka'idodin muhalli. " An sanya bayanin aikin Hukumar a hukumance a cikin Shirin Kasafin Kudinta na 2010:<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}</ref>   == Tarihi == An kirkiro Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a ranar 19 ga Janairu, 1982. <ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> A watan Janairun 1983, Majalisa ta zartar da Dokar Gudanar da Man Fetur da Gas ta Tarayya tare da manufar da aka bayyana: <ref name="royaltymngtact1982">{{Cite web |last=97th United States Congress |author-link=97th United States Congress |date=January 12, 1983 |title=Federal Oil and Gas Royalty Management Act of 1982 |url=http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527175653/http://www.mrm.mms.gov/Laws_R_D/PubLaws/PDFDocs/97-451.pdf |archive-date=May 27, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=96 STAT. 2447}}</ref> Sakataren Cikin Gida a lokacin, James G. Watt, ya sanya MMS a matsayin hukumar gudanarwa da ke da alhakin aiwatar da ayyukan a karkashin Dokar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OCS Lands Act History |url=http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420185419/http://www.boemre.gov/aboutBOEMRE/OCSLA/ocslahistory.htm |archive-date=April 20, 2011 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |website=Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Tare da wucewar Dokar Manufofin Makamashi ta 2005, an ba MMS iko don haɓaka ayyukan makamashi mai sabuntawa, kamar raƙuman ruwa, iska da makamashi na yanzu, a kan Shelf na Kasashen Waje.<ref name="mmsoverview">{{Cite web |title=The Minerals Management Service |url=http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf |archive-date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=April 17, 2011 |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior |format=PDF; trifold}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100722084843/http://www.boemre.gov/jobs/Assets/PDF/MMSOverview.pdf "The Minerals Management Service"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. </cite></ref> Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, hukumar ta kunshi raka'a biyu na aiki, MRM da OEMM. * Offshore Energy and Minerals Management (OEMM) - A karkashin jagorancin Dokar Kasuwancin Kasuwanci ta 1953, OEMM ta gudanar da makamashi da ci gaban ma'adinai a cikin kadada sama da biliyan 1.71 na Kasuwancin Yammacin Kasuwancin (OCS) kuma a kowace shekara tana ba da gudummawa ga Baitulmalin Amurka da ake sa ran dala biliyan 5 a cikin kudaden shiga na ma'adanai a cikin 2010. * Minerals Revenue Management (MRM) - Ta hanyar shirin MRM, hukumar ta tattara, ta lissafa, kuma ta ba da kudaden shiga na ma'adinai daga haya na tarayya da na Indiyawan Amurka. Shirin makamashi mai sabuntawa na hukumar ya haɗa da ci gaban makamashi masu sabuntawa, kamar iska, raƙuman ruwa, da hasken rana.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Cape Wind Threats: Permit Process |url=http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013142206/http://www.saveoursound.org/site/PageServer?pagename=CapeWind_Threats_PermitProcess |archive-date=October 13, 2007 |access-date=2007-12-05 |publisher=Alliance to Protect Nantucket Sound}}</ref> Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a 1982 ta hanyar FY, hukumar ta ba da kusan dala biliyan 200 ga asusun tarayya, jihohi, da na Indiyawan Amurka. A ranar 21 ga Yuni, 2010, an sake sunan Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Ma'adanai a Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun, Dokar da Tilasta aiki kuma an sake tsara shi. == Ayyuka == Ya zuwa shekara ta 2009, Hukumar ta dauki ma'aikata kusan mutane 1,600, wanda aka ba da shawarar girma da kasa da ɗari a shekara ta 2010. === Ƙungiya === An sake tsara BOEMRE a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2010 a karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Cikin Gida Ken Salazar bayan bala'in Deepwater Horizon . Ofishin an tsara shi cikin waɗannan sabbin hukumomi guda uku: * [[Ofishin Gudanar da Makamashi na Tekun]] - Yana da alhakin hayar yankunan Outer Continental Shelf don albarkatun makamashi na al'ada da sabuntawa. * [[Ofishin Tsaro da Kula da Muhalli]] - Yana da alhakin tabbatar da cikakken kulawa, aminci, da kariya ta muhalli a duk ayyukan makamashi na waje. * Ofishin Haraji na Albarkatun Halitta - Yana da alhakin sarauta da gudanar da kudaden shiga, gami da tattarawa da rarraba kudaden shiga. == Rashin amincewa da jayayya == Tun lokacin da aka kafa MMS, kuma musamman tun daga shekarun 1990s, Hukumar ta shiga cikin abubuwan kunya da yawa. Misali, a cikin 1990 ma'aikatan MMS suna da alaƙa da karuwanci, kuma a cikin 2008 Sufeto Janar na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ya ba da rahoton cewa ma'aikatan МMS sun shiga cikin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da jima'i tare da ma'aikata daga kamfanonin makamashi da za su tsara. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3djk6nul8lsj7pj8n4bvfjjoyvkheyn 3 114042 885028 871975 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885028 wikitext text/x-wiki == Gyara == @[[User:Musty1997|Musty1997]] malan musty1997 sannunka da aiki anma kana danyi kuskure Wajen rashin fassara taken mukala, ma 'ana Daga turanchi zuwa hausa kamar wannan mukalar https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandake_of_the_Sudanese_Revolution [[User:Ibrahim abusufyan|Ibrahim abusufyan]] ([[User talk:Ibrahim abusufyan|talk]]) 19:55, 14 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Musty1997! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Musty1997|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 14 ga Augusta, 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. 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Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> eqjw9me4w3mmmwxzyjehsp70wsjcbf8 0 114385 885103 702076 2026-07-20T09:14:03Z BnHamid 12586 885103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Okene, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|kogi ]] [[Fayil:Kogi State Nigeria.png|thumb|Yankin Jahar kogi a Najeriya]] '''Kogi:''' [[kananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce a jahar Kogi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kogi/Kogi_State.html|title=Kogi State, Nigeria|website=Nigeria Galleria|access-date=July 1, 2023}}</ref> [[Najeriya]] mai iyaka da [[Neja|jahar Neja]] da [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] ta yamma, [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban birnin tarayya]] a arewacin nigeria, [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]] a gabas da [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benuwai]] zuwa mashigar ta da Nijar ta kudu. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin [[Koton Karfe]] (ko Koton Karifi) akan babbar hanyar A2. [[Fayil:Okene, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|Kogi state]] ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 5mr35136tmvr8af6j08ghhqz29p20yy 885104 885103 2026-07-20T09:15:14Z BnHamid 12586 Improving 885104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Okene, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|kogi ]] [[Fayil:Kogi State Nigeria.png|thumb|Yankin Jahar kogi a Najeriya]] '''Kogi:''' [[kananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce a jahar Kogi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kogi/Kogi_State.html|title=Kogi State, Nigeria|website=Nigeria Galleria|access-date=July 1, 2023}}</ref> [[Najeriya]] mai iyaka da [[Neja|jahar Neja]] da [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] ta yamma, [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban birnin tarayya]] a arewacin nigeria, [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]] a gabas da [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benuwai]] zuwa mashigar ta da Nijar ta kudu. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin [[Koton Karfe]] (ko Koton Karifi) akan babbar hanyar A2. [[Fayil:Okene, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|Kogi state]] Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 1,498 kuma tana da yawan jama'a 115,900 a kidayar 2006.<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/yng.html HASC, population, area and Headquarters Statoids]</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} gerltf0wbhxi6pm4rh4bbwl34kwh5ie 885105 885104 2026-07-20T09:16:31Z BnHamid 12586 885105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Okene, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|kogi ]] [[Fayil:Kogi State Nigeria.png|thumb|Yankin Jahar kogi a Najeriya]] '''Kogi:''' [[kananan hukumomin Najeriya|karamar hukuma]] ce a jahar Kogi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Kogi/Kogi_State.html|title=Kogi State, Nigeria|website=Nigeria Galleria|access-date=July 1, 2023}}</ref> [[Najeriya]] mai iyaka da [[Neja|jahar Neja]] da [[Neja (kogi)|Kogin Neja]] ta yamma, [[Babban Birnin Tarayya, Najeriya|Babban birnin tarayya]] a arewacin nigeria, [[Nasarawa|jihar Nasarawa]] a gabas da [[Benue (kogi)|Kogin Benuwai]] zuwa mashigar ta da Nijar ta kudu. Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin [[Koton Karfe]] (ko Koton Karifi) akan babbar hanyar A2. [[Fayil:Okene, Kogi state.jpg|thumb|Kogi state]] Tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 1,498 kuma tana da yawan jama'a 115,900 a kidayar 2006.<ref>[http://www.statoids.com/yng.html HASC, population, area and Headquarters Statoids]</ref> Lambar akwatin gidan waya ta yankin ita ce 260.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA |publisher=NIPOST |url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx |accessdate=2009-10-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121126042849/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/postcode.aspx |archivedate=2012-11-26 }}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} fesh5g8vb1fzu4myuz2v1t5zzad370n 0 114461 885117 702360 2026-07-20T09:33:14Z BnHamid 12586 885117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rogerio Pinheiro dos Santos''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Rogério Pinheiro''' a K-League, (an haife shi: 21 ga watan Afrilu, shekarar ta 1972) tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kasar Brazil wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Ya fara wasan kwallon kafa na Koriya a shekara ta 2003. A shekara ta 2003, Pohang Steelers ta kawo shi K-League . Kuma a shekara ta 2006, ya koma kungiyar Gyeongnam FC. A baya ya buga wa Botafogo FR, São Paulo FC, Fluminense FC, Atletico Mineiro, kungiyar Portuguese da CR Vasco da Gama wasa a cikin gida. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Rogério Pinheiro- K League stats akleague.com (a cikin Koriya) {{Navboxes colour|title=Awards|bg=gold|fg=navy|list1={{2003 K-League Best XI}} {{2004 K-League Best XI}}}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1972]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4eyvfxhc6j0d2we5umsji27geto8gwm 0 115029 884878 711156 2026-07-19T12:34:17Z Pharouqenr 25549 884878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Godson Ominibie Epelle''', wanda aka fi sani da '''1da Banton''', (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1994) mawaƙi ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubucin waƙa kuma mai shirya rikodin wanda aka fi saninsa da waƙarsa ta 2021 "No Wahala", wanda aka sake shi kuma aka sake shi a 2022, tare da mawaƙan Najeriya [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]] . == Tarihi da aiki == An haifi 1da Banton kuma ta girma a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun injiniyan farar hula, amma ya bar don neman aiki a cikin kiɗa. A shekara ta 2014, ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] bayan da Squareball Entertainment ta sanya hannu. 1da Banton ya fara samar da kiɗa bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="African Folder">{{Cite web |last=Anifowose |first=Bomi |date=2023-07-03 |title=1da Banton: The Afropop Machine |url=https://africanfolder.com/1da-banton-the-afropop-machine/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=African Folder |language=en-UK}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2017, ya fitar da wasan sa na farko (EP) mai taken The ''Banton EP'' . Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin EP, "Way Up", an yi amfani da shi azaman taken waƙa don kakar wasa ta uku ta Big Brother Naija . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-03-08 |title=1da Banton: The journey thus far |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/1da-banton-the-journey-thus-far/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya sami karbuwa a duniya bayan fitowar "No Wahala", wanda shine ɗayan waƙoƙin da ke cikin kundin sa na Original Vibe Machine, wanda aka saki a cikin 2021. Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka [[Antony Blinken]] ya lissafa waƙar a cikin waƙoƙin da ya fi so na shekara ta 2021 na Spotify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=2021-12-31 |title=Secretary Of State Antony Blinken Unveils His 2021 Playlist |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/anthony-blinken-playlist-spotify-1234902920/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>A cikin 2022, 1da Banton ya fitar da remix na "No Wahala" wanda ya ƙunshi Kizz Daniel da Tiwa Savage . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Jamaica Kranium, mawaƙin dancehall Dan Ghana Stonebwoy, da masu zane-zane na Najeriya [[Zlatan]], [[Seyi Shay]] da Blaqbonez.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omotoso |first=Idris |date=2022-01-18 |title=1da Banton, The Success Story Behind "No Wahala" |url=https://soundcity.tv/1da-banton-the-success-story-behind-no-wahala/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Soundcity |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, "No Wahala" an nuna shi a karo na uku na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Ted Lasso'' . <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=Wizkid, 1da Banton, Tekno feature on the theme song for 'Ted Lasso' Season 3 |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-banton-beyonce-wizkid-tekno-feature-on-the-theme-music-for-ted-lasso-season-3/vtb13v0 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2023, "No Wahala" ya wuce koguna miliyan 100 a kan Spotify, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin Afrobeat da aka fi watsawa a dandalin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2023 |title=1da Banton's 'No Wahala' surpasses 100 million streams on Spotify |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-bantons-no-wahala-surpasses-100-million-streams-on-spotify/xf11g79 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == '''Kundin studio''' * ''Na'urar Vibe ta asali'' (2021) '''Wasanni masu tsawo''' * ''Banton EP'' (2017) * 1da Ba za ta Ƙarshen ba (2023) '''Ma'aurata''' * "Ƙaunar Yau da Kullum" (2016) * "Farabal" (2019) * "Whine fi Mi" (tare da Kranium) (2019) * "Baƙo" (2020) * "Mace ta Afirka" (2020) * "Yarinya ɗaya" (2020) * "Shenor" (2020) * "Ba Wahala ba" (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Nigeria’s 1da Banton: The artist behind the TikTok hit ‘No Wahala’ |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/222486/nigerias-1da-banton-the-artist-behind-the-tiktok-hit-no-wahala/ |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Africa Report}}</ref> * "Ba Wahala" (remix) (tare da [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]]) (2022) * "Ƙaunar bazara" (2022) * "Mutum Mai Tsarki" (2024) * "Abubuwa" (2024) * "Rayuwa mafi kyau" (2024) '''A matsayin mai zane-zane''' * "Faaji" - Blaqbonez tare da Bad Boy Timz da 1Da Banton (Jima'i Over Love, 2021) &nbsp; == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="sortable wikitable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Abin da ya faru ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="1" |2021 |Kyautar Beatz ta 2021 |Waƙar da ta fi dacewa a shekara |"Blaisebeatz (Babu Wahala) " {{Ref label|id5|A|1}}|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-10-24 |title=Beatz Awards unveils 2022 categories, nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/beatz-awards-unveils-2022-categories-nominees/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2023 |Bikin Kyautar Soundcity MVP |Mai zane-zane na shekara |Kai|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Full list: Soundcity MVP Awards 2023 nominates Burna Boy, Wizkid, Asake |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/full-list-soundcity-mvp-awards-2023-nominates-burna-boy-wizkid-asake/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> |} == Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙididdigar samarwa == "Barrawo" ta hanyar 'yan fashi na Ajebo <ref name=":0"/> "Barrawo" (remix) ta hanyar Ajebo hustlers featuring [[Davido]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=DEJI |first=OG |date=2020-12-22 |title=[Music] Ajebo Hustlers Ft. Davido&nbsp;— Barawo (Remix) |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Naijaloaded {{!}} Nigeria's Most Visited Music & Entertainment Website |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026171333/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] svnv0utxzflg4i6amawz69jyximxyia 884880 884878 2026-07-19T12:34:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 884880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Godson Ominibie Epelle''', wanda aka fi sani da '''1da Banton''', (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1994) mawaƙi ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubucin waƙa kuma mai shirya rikodin wanda aka fi saninsa da waƙarsa ta 2021 "No Wahala", wanda aka sake shi kuma aka sake shi a 2022, tare da mawaƙan Najeriya [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]] . == Tarihi da aiki == An haifi 1da Banton kuma ta girma a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun injiniyan farar hula, amma ya bar don neman aiki a cikin kiɗa. A shekara ta 2014, ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] bayan da Squareball Entertainment ta sanya hannu. 1da Banton ya fara samar da kiɗa bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 2008. <ref name="African Folder">{{Cite web |last=Anifowose |first=Bomi |date=2023-07-03 |title=1da Banton: The Afropop Machine |url=https://africanfolder.com/1da-banton-the-afropop-machine/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=African Folder |language=en-UK}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2017, ya fitar da wasan sa na farko (EP) mai taken The ''Banton EP'' . Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin EP, "Way Up", an yi amfani da shi azaman taken waƙa don kakar wasa ta uku ta Big Brother Naija . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-03-08 |title=1da Banton: The journey thus far |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/1da-banton-the-journey-thus-far/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya sami karbuwa a duniya bayan fitowar "No Wahala", wanda shine ɗayan waƙoƙin da ke cikin kundin sa na Original Vibe Machine, wanda aka saki a cikin 2021. Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka [[Antony Blinken]] ya lissafa waƙar a cikin waƙoƙin da ya fi so na shekara ta 2021 na Spotify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=2021-12-31 |title=Secretary Of State Antony Blinken Unveils His 2021 Playlist |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/anthony-blinken-playlist-spotify-1234902920/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>A cikin 2022, 1da Banton ya fitar da remix na "No Wahala" wanda ya ƙunshi Kizz Daniel da Tiwa Savage . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Jamaica Kranium, mawaƙin dancehall Dan Ghana Stonebwoy, da masu zane-zane na Najeriya [[Zlatan]], [[Seyi Shay]] da Blaqbonez.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omotoso |first=Idris |date=2022-01-18 |title=1da Banton, The Success Story Behind "No Wahala" |url=https://soundcity.tv/1da-banton-the-success-story-behind-no-wahala/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Soundcity |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, "No Wahala" an nuna shi a karo na uku na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Ted Lasso.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=Wizkid, 1da Banton, Tekno feature on the theme song for 'Ted Lasso' Season 3 |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-banton-beyonce-wizkid-tekno-feature-on-the-theme-music-for-ted-lasso-season-3/vtb13v0 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2023, "No Wahala" ya wuce koguna miliyan 100 a kan Spotify, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin Afrobeat da aka fi watsawa a dandalin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2023 |title=1da Banton's 'No Wahala' surpasses 100 million streams on Spotify |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-bantons-no-wahala-surpasses-100-million-streams-on-spotify/xf11g79 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == '''Kundin studio''' * ''Na'urar Vibe ta asali'' (2021) '''Wasanni masu tsawo''' * ''Banton EP'' (2017) * 1da Ba za ta Ƙarshen ba (2023) '''Ma'aurata''' * "Ƙaunar Yau da Kullum" (2016) * "Farabal" (2019) * "Whine fi Mi" (tare da Kranium) (2019) * "Baƙo" (2020) * "Mace ta Afirka" (2020) * "Yarinya ɗaya" (2020) * "Shenor" (2020) * "Ba Wahala ba" (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Nigeria’s 1da Banton: The artist behind the TikTok hit ‘No Wahala’ |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/222486/nigerias-1da-banton-the-artist-behind-the-tiktok-hit-no-wahala/ |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Africa Report}}</ref> * "Ba Wahala" (remix) (tare da [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]]) (2022) * "Ƙaunar bazara" (2022) * "Mutum Mai Tsarki" (2024) * "Abubuwa" (2024) * "Rayuwa mafi kyau" (2024) '''A matsayin mai zane-zane''' * "Faaji" - Blaqbonez tare da Bad Boy Timz da 1Da Banton (Jima'i Over Love, 2021) &nbsp; == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="sortable wikitable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Abin da ya faru ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="1" |2021 |Kyautar Beatz ta 2021 |Waƙar da ta fi dacewa a shekara |"Blaisebeatz (Babu Wahala) " {{Ref label|id5|A|1}}|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-10-24 |title=Beatz Awards unveils 2022 categories, nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/beatz-awards-unveils-2022-categories-nominees/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2023 |Bikin Kyautar Soundcity MVP |Mai zane-zane na shekara |Kai|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Full list: Soundcity MVP Awards 2023 nominates Burna Boy, Wizkid, Asake |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/full-list-soundcity-mvp-awards-2023-nominates-burna-boy-wizkid-asake/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> |} == Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙididdigar samarwa == "Barrawo" ta hanyar 'yan fashi na Ajebo <ref name=":0"/> "Barrawo" (remix) ta hanyar Ajebo hustlers featuring [[Davido]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=DEJI |first=OG |date=2020-12-22 |title=[Music] Ajebo Hustlers Ft. Davido&nbsp;— Barawo (Remix) |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Naijaloaded {{!}} Nigeria's Most Visited Music & Entertainment Website |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026171333/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] qpwzez23r3j1ryq95bqh3gvaclo913b 884881 884880 2026-07-19T12:34:57Z Pharouqenr 25549 884881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Godson Ominibie Epelle''', wanda aka fi sani da '''1da Banton''', (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1994) mawaƙi ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubucin waƙa kuma mai shirya rikodin wanda aka fi saninsa da waƙarsa ta 2021 "No Wahala", wanda aka sake shi kuma aka sake shi a 2022, tare da mawaƙan Najeriya [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]] . == Tarihi da aiki == An haifi 1da Banton kuma ta girma a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun injiniyan farar hula, amma ya bar don neman aiki a cikin kiɗa. A shekara ta 2014, ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] bayan da Squareball Entertainment ta sanya hannu. 1da Banton ya fara samar da kiɗa bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 2008.<ref name="African Folder">{{Cite web |last=Anifowose |first=Bomi |date=2023-07-03 |title=1da Banton: The Afropop Machine |url=https://africanfolder.com/1da-banton-the-afropop-machine/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=African Folder |language=en-UK}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2017, ya fitar da wasan sa na farko (EP) mai taken The ''Banton EP'' . Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin EP, "Way Up", an yi amfani da shi azaman taken waƙa don kakar wasa ta uku ta Big Brother Naija . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-03-08 |title=1da Banton: The journey thus far |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/1da-banton-the-journey-thus-far/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya sami karbuwa a duniya bayan fitowar "No Wahala", wanda shine ɗayan waƙoƙin da ke cikin kundin sa na Original Vibe Machine, wanda aka saki a cikin 2021. Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka [[Antony Blinken]] ya lissafa waƙar a cikin waƙoƙin da ya fi so na shekara ta 2021 na Spotify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=2021-12-31 |title=Secretary Of State Antony Blinken Unveils His 2021 Playlist |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/anthony-blinken-playlist-spotify-1234902920/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>A cikin 2022, 1da Banton ya fitar da remix na "No Wahala" wanda ya ƙunshi Kizz Daniel da Tiwa Savage . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Jamaica Kranium, mawaƙin dancehall Dan Ghana Stonebwoy, da masu zane-zane na Najeriya [[Zlatan]], [[Seyi Shay]] da Blaqbonez.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omotoso |first=Idris |date=2022-01-18 |title=1da Banton, The Success Story Behind "No Wahala" |url=https://soundcity.tv/1da-banton-the-success-story-behind-no-wahala/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Soundcity |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, "No Wahala" an nuna shi a karo na uku na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Ted Lasso.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=Wizkid, 1da Banton, Tekno feature on the theme song for 'Ted Lasso' Season 3 |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-banton-beyonce-wizkid-tekno-feature-on-the-theme-music-for-ted-lasso-season-3/vtb13v0 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2023, "No Wahala" ya wuce koguna miliyan 100 a kan Spotify, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin Afrobeat da aka fi watsawa a dandalin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2023 |title=1da Banton's 'No Wahala' surpasses 100 million streams on Spotify |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-bantons-no-wahala-surpasses-100-million-streams-on-spotify/xf11g79 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == '''Kundin studio''' * ''Na'urar Vibe ta asali'' (2021) '''Wasanni masu tsawo''' * ''Banton EP'' (2017) * 1da Ba za ta Ƙarshen ba (2023) '''Ma'aurata''' * "Ƙaunar Yau da Kullum" (2016) * "Farabal" (2019) * "Whine fi Mi" (tare da Kranium) (2019) * "Baƙo" (2020) * "Mace ta Afirka" (2020) * "Yarinya ɗaya" (2020) * "Shenor" (2020) * "Ba Wahala ba" (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Nigeria’s 1da Banton: The artist behind the TikTok hit ‘No Wahala’ |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/222486/nigerias-1da-banton-the-artist-behind-the-tiktok-hit-no-wahala/ |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Africa Report}}</ref> * "Ba Wahala" (remix) (tare da [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]]) (2022) * "Ƙaunar bazara" (2022) * "Mutum Mai Tsarki" (2024) * "Abubuwa" (2024) * "Rayuwa mafi kyau" (2024) '''A matsayin mai zane-zane''' * "Faaji" - Blaqbonez tare da Bad Boy Timz da 1Da Banton (Jima'i Over Love, 2021) &nbsp; == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="sortable wikitable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Abin da ya faru ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="1" |2021 |Kyautar Beatz ta 2021 |Waƙar da ta fi dacewa a shekara |"Blaisebeatz (Babu Wahala) " {{Ref label|id5|A|1}}|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-10-24 |title=Beatz Awards unveils 2022 categories, nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/beatz-awards-unveils-2022-categories-nominees/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2023 |Bikin Kyautar Soundcity MVP |Mai zane-zane na shekara |Kai|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Full list: Soundcity MVP Awards 2023 nominates Burna Boy, Wizkid, Asake |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/full-list-soundcity-mvp-awards-2023-nominates-burna-boy-wizkid-asake/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> |} == Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙididdigar samarwa == "Barrawo" ta hanyar 'yan fashi na Ajebo <ref name=":0"/> "Barrawo" (remix) ta hanyar Ajebo hustlers featuring [[Davido]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=DEJI |first=OG |date=2020-12-22 |title=[Music] Ajebo Hustlers Ft. Davido&nbsp;— Barawo (Remix) |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Naijaloaded {{!}} Nigeria's Most Visited Music & Entertainment Website |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026171333/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] 43m41m4819x3j9dwzoc3mzpveicayi1 884882 884881 2026-07-19T12:35:26Z Pharouqenr 25549 884882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Godson Ominibie Epelle''', wanda aka fi sani da '''1da Banton''', (an haife shi 27 Yuni 1994) mawaƙi ne [[Ɗan Nijeriya|Na Najeriya]], marubucin waƙa kuma mai shirya rikodin wanda aka fi saninsa da waƙarsa ta 2021 "No Wahala", wanda aka sake shi kuma aka sake shi a 2022, tare da mawaƙan Najeriya [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]] . == Tarihi da aiki == An haifi 1da Banton kuma ta girma a Port Harcourt, Jihar Rivers, Najeriya. Ya yi karatun injiniyan farar hula, amma ya bar don neman aiki a cikin kiɗa. A shekara ta 2014, ya koma [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]] bayan da Squareball Entertainment ta sanya hannu. 1da Banton ya fara samar da kiɗa bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarsa a shekara ta 2008.<ref name="African Folder">{{Cite web |last=Anifowose |first=Bomi |date=2023-07-03 |title=1da Banton: The Afropop Machine |url=https://africanfolder.com/1da-banton-the-afropop-machine/ |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=African Folder |language=en-UK}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2017, ya fitar da wasan sa na farko (EP) mai taken The ''Banton EP'' . Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin EP, "Way Up", an yi amfani da shi azaman taken waƙa don kakar wasa ta uku ta Big Brother Naija.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-03-08 |title=1da Banton: The journey thus far |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/1da-banton-the-journey-thus-far/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ya sami karbuwa a duniya bayan fitowar "No Wahala", wanda shine ɗayan waƙoƙin da ke cikin kundin sa na Original Vibe Machine, wanda aka saki a cikin 2021. Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka [[Antony Blinken]] ya lissafa waƙar a cikin waƙoƙin da ya fi so na shekara ta 2021 na Spotify.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=2021-12-31 |title=Secretary Of State Antony Blinken Unveils His 2021 Playlist |url=https://deadline.com/2021/12/anthony-blinken-playlist-spotify-1234902920/ |access-date=2022-10-28 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref>A cikin 2022, 1da Banton ya fitar da remix na "No Wahala" wanda ya ƙunshi Kizz Daniel da Tiwa Savage . Ya kuma yi aiki tare da mawaƙin Jamaica Kranium, mawaƙin dancehall Dan Ghana Stonebwoy, da masu zane-zane na Najeriya [[Zlatan]], [[Seyi Shay]] da Blaqbonez.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omotoso |first=Idris |date=2022-01-18 |title=1da Banton, The Success Story Behind "No Wahala" |url=https://soundcity.tv/1da-banton-the-success-story-behind-no-wahala/ |access-date=2022-10-24 |website=Soundcity |language=en-US}}</ref> A cikin 2023, "No Wahala" an nuna shi a karo na uku na jerin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ''Ted Lasso.''<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2023 |title=Wizkid, 1da Banton, Tekno feature on the theme song for 'Ted Lasso' Season 3 |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-banton-beyonce-wizkid-tekno-feature-on-the-theme-music-for-ted-lasso-season-3/vtb13v0 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Afrilu 2023, "No Wahala" ya wuce koguna miliyan 100 a kan Spotify, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin Afrobeat da aka fi watsawa a dandalin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2023 |title=1da Banton's 'No Wahala' surpasses 100 million streams on Spotify |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/1da-bantons-no-wahala-surpasses-100-million-streams-on-spotify/xf11g79 |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka yi == '''Kundin studio''' * ''Na'urar Vibe ta asali'' (2021) '''Wasanni masu tsawo''' * ''Banton EP'' (2017) * 1da Ba za ta Ƙarshen ba (2023) '''Ma'aurata''' * "Ƙaunar Yau da Kullum" (2016) * "Farabal" (2019) * "Whine fi Mi" (tare da Kranium) (2019) * "Baƙo" (2020) * "Mace ta Afirka" (2020) * "Yarinya ɗaya" (2020) * "Shenor" (2020) * "Ba Wahala ba" (2021) <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 July 2022 |title=Nigeria’s 1da Banton: The artist behind the TikTok hit ‘No Wahala’ |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/222486/nigerias-1da-banton-the-artist-behind-the-tiktok-hit-no-wahala/ |access-date=11 March 2023 |website=Africa Report}}</ref> * "Ba Wahala" (remix) (tare da [[Kizz Daniel]] da [[Tiwa Savage]]) (2022) * "Ƙaunar bazara" (2022) * "Mutum Mai Tsarki" (2024) * "Abubuwa" (2024) * "Rayuwa mafi kyau" (2024) '''A matsayin mai zane-zane''' * "Faaji" - Blaqbonez tare da Bad Boy Timz da 1Da Banton (Jima'i Over Love, 2021) &nbsp; == Kyaututtuka da gabatarwa == {| class="sortable wikitable" ! scope="col" |Shekara ! scope="col" |Abin da ya faru ! scope="col" |Kyautar ! scope="col" |Mai karɓa ! scope="col" |Sakamakon ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)}} |- | rowspan="1" |2021 |Kyautar Beatz ta 2021 |Waƙar da ta fi dacewa a shekara |"Blaisebeatz (Babu Wahala) " {{Ref label|id5|A|1}}|{{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2022-10-24 |title=Beatz Awards unveils 2022 categories, nominees |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/beatz-awards-unveils-2022-categories-nominees/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="1" |2023 |Bikin Kyautar Soundcity MVP |Mai zane-zane na shekara |Kai|{{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Full list: Soundcity MVP Awards 2023 nominates Burna Boy, Wizkid, Asake |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/01/full-list-soundcity-mvp-awards-2023-nominates-burna-boy-wizkid-asake/ |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Vanguard Nigeria}}</ref> |} == Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙididdigar samarwa == "Barrawo" ta hanyar 'yan fashi na Ajebo <ref name=":0"/> "Barrawo" (remix) ta hanyar Ajebo hustlers featuring [[Davido]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=DEJI |first=OG |date=2020-12-22 |title=[Music] Ajebo Hustlers Ft. Davido&nbsp;— Barawo (Remix) |url=https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |access-date=2022-10-26 |website=Naijaloaded {{!}} Nigeria's Most Visited Music & Entertainment Website |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026171333/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/download-music/ajebo-hustlers-ft-davido-barawo-remix |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1994]] e0z8pd35kv2lnknwu8ctuyfhnb9qcgy 3 115790 885025 871974 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885025 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Abdulmadeee1010! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Abdulmadeee1010|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:27, 13 Satumba 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> jfp0hdsjd41ansvfddtsjzygigw69t6 0 116711 885230 715275 2026-07-20T11:49:35Z BnHamid 12586 885230 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Zan-zangar Kano na 1953''' yana nufin rikicin da ya barke a tsohon birnin [[Kano (birni)|Kano]],<ref>Comprehensive GOVERNMENT for Senior Secondary Schools by Johnson Ugoji Anyaele page 183, p.8</ref> da ke [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], a watan Mayun shekarar 1953. Yanayin rikicin ya kasance rikici ne tsakanin ’yan Arewa, musamman [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda ke adawa da ’yancin kan Najeriya da ’yan Kudu, wadanda suka kunshi musamman [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]] da kuma kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] wadanda suka goyi bayan ‘yancin kai kai tsaye ga Najeriya. Rikicin da aka kwashe kwanaki hudu ana yi ya janyo asarar rayukan ‘yan Kudu da na Arewa da dama tare da jikkata wasu da dama. == Dalilai == Babban abin da ya jawo tarzoma shi ne tabarbarewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin shugabannin siyasar Arewa da na Kudu kan batun cin gashin kai a shekarar 1956. Wannan alakar ta faro ne tun a shekarar 1953 da aka gabatar da bukatar cin gashin kan Nijeriya a shekarar 1956 da wani dan kungiyar Action Group (AG), Cif Anthony Enahoro ya gabatar a gaban majalisar wakilai. ’Yan Arewa ba su amince da wannan kudiri ba. Jagoran jam'iyyar NPC ta Arewa kuma Sardaunan Sokoto, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, ya maye da wata jimla gurbin "a shekarar 1956 "da zaran za a iya". Wani dan majalisar wakilai daga Arewa ya gabatar da kudirin dage zaman, kudirin da ‘yan kudancin AG da majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC) ke kallonsa a matsayin dabarar tsaiko. Duk ‘yan jam’iyyar AG da NCNC a majalisar sun fice ne a sakamakon dage zaman da aka yi. A lokacin da wakilan Arewa suka fice daga majalisar, sai suka yi ta cin karo da gungun jama’a a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], suna zagi, da zage-zage, da kiran sunaye iri-iri. ‘Yan tawagar Arewa sun harzuka, kuma a cikin shirinsu na “Takwas Takwas” a majalisar dokokin yankin Arewa, sun nemi ballewa. Rakumin na karshe da ya karya bayan rakumin shi ne rangadin da tawagar AG da NCNC karkashin jagorancin Cif [[Samuel Akintola]] . Wannan rangadin da aka yi da nufin yakin neman yancin kai ya zama sanadin tashin hankalin Kano. Hakan ya haifar da rudani wanda ya kai ga tashin hankali. Rikicin ya afku ne a unguwar Sabon Gari da akasarin mazauna kudancin Najeriya suka mamaye. == Tarzoma == Tuni dai an samu tashin hankali a Arewa lokacin da kungiyar Action Group ta ziyarci Kano a karshen mako na 15-17 ga Mayu, lamarin ya faru ne sakamakon kiyayyar da tawagar Arewa ta yi a Legas. An gudanar da zanga-zangar cikin tsari da magoya bayan jam’iyyar Peoples Congress na Arewa suka gudanar da wani taron kungiyar Action Group da suka shirya yi a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu. Hakan ya biyo bayan ƴan ƙanana ne washegari. Rikicin da ya haifar da tarzoma ya faro ne a Otal din Colonial, ranar 16 ga Mayu 1953 wanda ya kamata a yi taron kungiyar Action Group karkashin jagorancin Akintola. Kafin taron dai hukumar ‘yan asalin jihar Kano ta janye izinin ba da wannan taro. Wasu gungun jama’a ne suka taru a wajen otal din, inda suka fara jifan mutanen da ke kusa da otal din, yayin da ake tafka ta’asa, wasu mutane biyu da ake kyautata zaton ’yan Kudu ne suka mutu, daga bisani ’yan sandan sun yi yunkurin shiga Sabon Gari, amma jami’an ‘yan sandan kasar suka yi nasara a kansu. Lamarin ya kara ta’azzara kuma ya zama rikicin kabilanci a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, lokacin da ’yan iskan da suka fito daga yankin Arewacin Kano, musamman Fagge suka yi yunkurin kutsawa yankin Kudu da Ibo suka mamaye yankin Sabon Gari tare da samun nasara, duk da cewa wakarsu ta asali ta saba wa Yarbawa, wadanda aka kashe a yankin Sabon Gari galibi ‘yan kabilar Igbo ne. [1] An wawashe shaguna a kasuwar Sabon Gari tare da kai munanan hare-hare. Amma an kira jami’an ‘yan sanda da na Sojoji tare da hana wasu barayin shiga yankin Kano. Rikicin ya ci gaba da barkewa a yankunan Kano na asali kamar Fagge inda wasu kananan kungiyoyi marasa tsari na kabilu daban-daban suka yi arangama. [2] An yi musayar fursunoni don a rage zaman dar-dar, an sako ’yan Kudu da aka kama, su ma ’yan Arewa sun saki; An bukaci ‘yan Arewa mazauna yankin Sabon Gari su tashi, sannan aka bukaci ‘yan Kudu mazauna yankin Fagge da su koma Sabon Gari kafin nan. Kimanin ‘yan Najeriya 46 ne akasari ‘yan Arewa da Yarabawa, tare da kashe ‘yan kabilar Ibo kadan a rikicin, sannan sama da mutane 200 ne suka samu jinya. Ko da yake a nan take gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta kira ta da rikicin kabilanci, amma shugabannin siyasa sun ce rikicin siyasa ne tsakanin mutanen da ke son cin gashin kansu a shekarar 1956 da kuma masu son ci gaba da mulkin mallaka. == Tasirin siyasa == Rikicin ya haifar da gagarumin tasiri da suka hada da: * Dangantakar Arewa da Kudu ta tabarbare. * Kungiyar Action Group da Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru sun shiga kawance na wucin gadi don adawa da Majalisar Jama'ar Arewa ta yadda suka kulla alaka. * Ba da yancin cin gashin kai na yanki ga yankuna uku. * Cire ikon shiga tsakani da cibiyar ke yi a duk sauran abubuwan da suka rage * Sir Oliver Lyttelton, Sakataren Gwamnatin Masarautar Masarautar, ya bayyana cewa ba zai yiwu a yi aiki tare ba, don haka za a gayyaci wakilai daga kowane yanki don tattauna sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. * ta kai ga daukar tsarin gwamnatin tarayya. == Duba kuma == * [[Kisan kiyashin Inyamurai 1966|1966 anti-Igbo pogrom]] == Manazarta{{Reflist}} == fasgzeuwpglry8h835544mwitdbg9jx 885231 885230 2026-07-20T11:50:00Z BnHamid 12586 885231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zan-zangar Kano na 1953''' yana nufin rikicin da ya barke a tsohon birnin [[Kano (birni)|Kano]],<ref>Comprehensive GOVERNMENT for Senior Secondary Schools by Johnson Ugoji Anyaele page 183, p.8</ref> da ke [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], a watan Mayun shekarar 1953. Yanayin rikicin ya kasance rikici ne tsakanin ’yan Arewa, musamman [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda ke adawa da ’yancin kan Najeriya da ’yan Kudu, wadanda suka kunshi musamman [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]] da kuma kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] wadanda suka goyi bayan ‘yancin kai kai tsaye ga Najeriya. Rikicin da aka kwashe kwanaki hudu ana yi ya janyo asarar rayukan ‘yan Kudu da na Arewa da dama tare da jikkata wasu da dama. == Dalilai == Babban abin da ya jawo tarzoma shi ne tabarbarewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin shugabannin siyasar Arewa da na Kudu kan batun cin gashin kai a shekarar 1956. Wannan alakar ta faro ne tun a shekarar 1953 da aka gabatar da bukatar cin gashin kan Nijeriya a shekarar 1956 da wani dan kungiyar Action Group (AG), Cif Anthony Enahoro ya gabatar a gaban majalisar wakilai. ’Yan Arewa ba su amince da wannan kudiri ba. Jagoran jam'iyyar NPC ta Arewa kuma Sardaunan Sokoto, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, ya maye da wata jimla gurbin "a shekarar 1956 "da zaran za a iya". Wani dan majalisar wakilai daga Arewa ya gabatar da kudirin dage zaman, kudirin da ‘yan kudancin AG da majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC) ke kallonsa a matsayin dabarar tsaiko. Duk ‘yan jam’iyyar AG da NCNC a majalisar sun fice ne a sakamakon dage zaman da aka yi. A lokacin da wakilan Arewa suka fice daga majalisar, sai suka yi ta cin karo da gungun jama’a a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], suna zagi, da zage-zage, da kiran sunaye iri-iri. ‘Yan tawagar Arewa sun harzuka, kuma a cikin shirinsu na “Takwas Takwas” a majalisar dokokin yankin Arewa, sun nemi ballewa. Rakumin na karshe da ya karya bayan rakumin shi ne rangadin da tawagar AG da NCNC karkashin jagorancin Cif [[Samuel Akintola]] . Wannan rangadin da aka yi da nufin yakin neman yancin kai ya zama sanadin tashin hankalin Kano. Hakan ya haifar da rudani wanda ya kai ga tashin hankali. Rikicin ya afku ne a unguwar Sabon Gari da akasarin mazauna kudancin Najeriya suka mamaye. == Tarzoma == Tuni dai an samu tashin hankali a Arewa lokacin da kungiyar Action Group ta ziyarci Kano a karshen mako na 15-17 ga Mayu, lamarin ya faru ne sakamakon kiyayyar da tawagar Arewa ta yi a Legas. An gudanar da zanga-zangar cikin tsari da magoya bayan jam’iyyar Peoples Congress na Arewa suka gudanar da wani taron kungiyar Action Group da suka shirya yi a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu. Hakan ya biyo bayan ƴan ƙanana ne washegari. Rikicin da ya haifar da tarzoma ya faro ne a Otal din Colonial, ranar 16 ga Mayu 1953 wanda ya kamata a yi taron kungiyar Action Group karkashin jagorancin Akintola. Kafin taron dai hukumar ‘yan asalin jihar Kano ta janye izinin ba da wannan taro. Wasu gungun jama’a ne suka taru a wajen otal din, inda suka fara jifan mutanen da ke kusa da otal din, yayin da ake tafka ta’asa, wasu mutane biyu da ake kyautata zaton ’yan Kudu ne suka mutu, daga bisani ’yan sandan sun yi yunkurin shiga Sabon Gari, amma jami’an ‘yan sandan kasar suka yi nasara a kansu. Lamarin ya kara ta’azzara kuma ya zama rikicin kabilanci a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, lokacin da ’yan iskan da suka fito daga yankin Arewacin Kano, musamman Fagge suka yi yunkurin kutsawa yankin Kudu da Ibo suka mamaye yankin Sabon Gari tare da samun nasara, duk da cewa wakarsu ta asali ta saba wa Yarbawa, wadanda aka kashe a yankin Sabon Gari galibi ‘yan kabilar Igbo ne. [1] An wawashe shaguna a kasuwar Sabon Gari tare da kai munanan hare-hare. Amma an kira jami’an ‘yan sanda da na Sojoji tare da hana wasu barayin shiga yankin Kano. Rikicin ya ci gaba da barkewa a yankunan Kano na asali kamar Fagge inda wasu kananan kungiyoyi marasa tsari na kabilu daban-daban suka yi arangama. [2] An yi musayar fursunoni don a rage zaman dar-dar, an sako ’yan Kudu da aka kama, su ma ’yan Arewa sun saki; An bukaci ‘yan Arewa mazauna yankin Sabon Gari su tashi, sannan aka bukaci ‘yan Kudu mazauna yankin Fagge da su koma Sabon Gari kafin nan. Kimanin ‘yan Najeriya 46 ne akasari ‘yan Arewa da Yarabawa, tare da kashe ‘yan kabilar Ibo kadan a rikicin, sannan sama da mutane 200 ne suka samu jinya. Ko da yake a nan take gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta kira ta da rikicin kabilanci, amma shugabannin siyasa sun ce rikicin siyasa ne tsakanin mutanen da ke son cin gashin kansu a shekarar 1956 da kuma masu son ci gaba da mulkin mallaka. == Tasirin siyasa == Rikicin ya haifar da gagarumin tasiri da suka hada da: * Dangantakar Arewa da Kudu ta tabarbare. * Kungiyar Action Group da Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru sun shiga kawance na wucin gadi don adawa da Majalisar Jama'ar Arewa ta yadda suka kulla alaka. * Ba da yancin cin gashin kai na yanki ga yankuna uku. * Cire ikon shiga tsakani da cibiyar ke yi a duk sauran abubuwan da suka rage * Sir Oliver Lyttelton, Sakataren Gwamnatin Masarautar Masarautar, ya bayyana cewa ba zai yiwu a yi aiki tare ba, don haka za a gayyaci wakilai daga kowane yanki don tattauna sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. * ta kai ga daukar tsarin gwamnatin tarayya. == Duba kuma == * [[Kisan kiyashin Inyamurai 1966|1966 anti-Igbo pogrom]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} t52wp8frilkynym3bml16m0xoc6avlq 885235 885231 2026-07-20T11:51:24Z BnHamid 12586 Sanya manazarta 885235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zan-zangar Kano na 1953''' yana nufin rikicin da ya barke a tsohon birnin [[Kano (birni)|Kano]],<ref>Comprehensive GOVERNMENT for Senior Secondary Schools by Johnson Ugoji Anyaele page 183, p.8</ref> da ke [[Yankin Arewacin Najeriya|Arewacin Najeriya]], a watan Mayun shekarar 1953. Yanayin rikicin ya kasance rikici ne tsakanin ’yan Arewa, musamman [[Hausawa]] da [[Fulani]], wadanda ke adawa da ’yancin kan Najeriya da ’yan Kudu, wadanda suka kunshi musamman [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]] da kuma kabilar [[Inyamurai|Igbo]] wadanda suka goyi bayan ‘yancin kai kai tsaye ga Najeriya. Rikicin da aka kwashe kwanaki hudu ana yi ya janyo asarar rayukan ‘yan Kudu da na Arewa da dama tare da jikkata wasu da dama. == Dalilai == Babban abin da ya jawo tarzoma shi ne tabarbarewar dangantakar da ke tsakanin shugabannin siyasar Arewa da na Kudu kan batun cin gashin kai a shekarar 1956. Wannan alakar ta faro ne tun a shekarar 1953 da aka gabatar da bukatar cin gashin kan Nijeriya a shekarar 1956 da wani dan kungiyar Action Group (AG), Cif Anthony Enahoro ya gabatar a gaban majalisar wakilai. ’Yan Arewa ba su amince da wannan kudiri ba. Jagoran jam'iyyar NPC ta Arewa kuma Sardaunan Sokoto, Alhaji Ahmadu Bello, ya maye da wata jimla gurbin "a shekarar 1956 "da zaran za a iya". Wani dan majalisar wakilai daga Arewa ya gabatar da kudirin dage zaman, kudirin da ‘yan kudancin AG da majalisar wakilan Najeriya da Kamaru (NCNC) ke kallonsa a matsayin dabarar tsaiko. Duk ‘yan jam’iyyar AG da NCNC a majalisar sun fice ne a sakamakon dage zaman da aka yi. A lokacin da wakilan Arewa suka fice daga majalisar, sai suka yi ta cin karo da gungun jama’a a [[Lagos (birni)|Legas]], suna zagi, da zage-zage, da kiran sunaye iri-iri. ‘Yan tawagar Arewa sun harzuka, kuma a cikin shirinsu na “Takwas Takwas” a majalisar dokokin yankin Arewa, sun nemi ballewa. Rakumin na karshe da ya karya bayan rakumin shi ne rangadin da tawagar AG da NCNC karkashin jagorancin Cif [[Samuel Akintola]] . Wannan rangadin da aka yi da nufin yakin neman yancin kai ya zama sanadin tashin hankalin Kano. Hakan ya haifar da rudani wanda ya kai ga tashin hankali. Rikicin ya afku ne a unguwar Sabon Gari da akasarin mazauna kudancin Najeriya suka mamaye. == Tarzoma == Tuni dai an samu tashin hankali a Arewa lokacin da kungiyar Action Group ta ziyarci Kano a karshen mako na 15-17 ga Mayu, lamarin ya faru ne sakamakon kiyayyar da tawagar Arewa ta yi a Legas. An gudanar da zanga-zangar cikin tsari da magoya bayan jam’iyyar Peoples Congress na Arewa suka gudanar da wani taron kungiyar Action Group da suka shirya yi a ranar 15 ga watan Mayu. Hakan ya biyo bayan ƴan ƙanana ne washegari. Rikicin da ya haifar da tarzoma ya faro ne a Otal din Colonial, ranar 16 ga Mayu 1953 wanda ya kamata a yi taron kungiyar Action Group karkashin jagorancin Akintola. Kafin taron dai hukumar ‘yan asalin jihar Kano ta janye izinin ba da wannan taro. Wasu gungun jama’a ne suka taru a wajen otal din, inda suka fara jifan mutanen da ke kusa da otal din, yayin da ake tafka ta’asa, wasu mutane biyu da ake kyautata zaton ’yan Kudu ne suka mutu, daga bisani ’yan sandan sun yi yunkurin shiga Sabon Gari, amma jami’an ‘yan sandan kasar suka yi nasara a kansu. Lamarin ya kara ta’azzara kuma ya zama rikicin kabilanci a ranar 17 ga watan Mayu, lokacin da ’yan iskan da suka fito daga yankin Arewacin Kano, musamman Fagge suka yi yunkurin kutsawa yankin Kudu da Ibo suka mamaye yankin Sabon Gari tare da samun nasara, duk da cewa wakarsu ta asali ta saba wa Yarbawa, wadanda aka kashe a yankin Sabon Gari galibi ‘yan kabilar Igbo ne.<ref>{{cite book|last=Olawale Albert|first=Isaac|title=Urban Violence in Africa: Violence in metropolitan Kano: A Historical Perspective|url=http://books.openedition.org/ifra/788?lang=en|accessdate=2016-03-12 |date=1994|publisher=Institute of African Studies}}</ref> An wawashe shaguna a kasuwar Sabon Gari tare da kai munanan hare-hare. Amma an kira jami’an ‘yan sanda da na Sojoji tare da hana wasu barayin shiga yankin Kano. Rikicin ya ci gaba da barkewa a yankunan Kano na asali kamar Fagge inda wasu kananan kungiyoyi marasa tsari na kabilu daban-daban suka yi arangama.<ref>Daily Times. (1953). "Zik and Akintola Abandon Northern Tour. Daily Times of Nigeria, 18 May 1953, p. 1</ref> An yi musayar fursunoni don a rage zaman dar-dar, an sako ’yan Kudu da aka kama, su ma ’yan Arewa sun saki; An bukaci ‘yan Arewa mazauna yankin Sabon Gari su tashi, sannan aka bukaci ‘yan Kudu mazauna yankin Fagge da su koma Sabon Gari kafin nan. Kimanin ‘yan Najeriya 46 ne akasari ‘yan Arewa da Yarabawa, tare da kashe ‘yan kabilar Ibo kadan a rikicin, sannan sama da mutane 200 ne suka samu jinya. Ko da yake a nan take gwamnatin mulkin mallaka a Najeriya ta kira ta da rikicin kabilanci, amma shugabannin siyasa sun ce rikicin siyasa ne tsakanin mutanen da ke son cin gashin kansu a shekarar 1956 da kuma masu son ci gaba da mulkin mallaka. == Tasirin siyasa == Rikicin ya haifar da gagarumin tasiri da suka hada da: * Dangantakar Arewa da Kudu ta tabarbare. * Kungiyar Action Group da Majalisar kasa ta Najeriya da Kamaru sun shiga kawance na wucin gadi don adawa da Majalisar Jama'ar Arewa ta yadda suka kulla alaka. * Ba da yancin cin gashin kai na yanki ga yankuna uku. * Cire ikon shiga tsakani da cibiyar ke yi a duk sauran abubuwan da suka rage * Sir Oliver Lyttelton, Sakataren Gwamnatin Masarautar Masarautar, ya bayyana cewa ba zai yiwu a yi aiki tare ba, don haka za a gayyaci wakilai daga kowane yanki don tattauna sabon kundin tsarin mulkin Najeriya. * ta kai ga daukar tsarin gwamnatin tarayya. == Duba kuma == * [[Kisan kiyashin Inyamurai 1966|1966 anti-Igbo pogrom]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2qe66h4hy9eof809aoukw69gxfcp8bx 0 117479 885225 719609 2026-07-20T11:46:23Z BnHamid 12586 885225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Ja'afar Tahir''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun ta shekarar 1966) Takasance [[Farfesa]] ce a fannin [[Ilimin halittu]] a Najeriya kuma Shugabar [[Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi]] tun daga shekara ta 2022.<ref name="Sani">{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Najib |title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC |url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ |website=Leadership News}}</ref> Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jami'ar Sojojin Najeriya dake Biu, na Jihar Borno kuma an san da ita a matsayin Farfesa ta farko a fannin Microbiology ta [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], da Jihar Bauchi ta samar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bauchi; First female Prof appointed VC |url=https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221084549/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/ |archive-date=2024-02-21 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=The Nigeria Standard}}</ref> == Rayuwanta na farko == An haifi Fatima Tahir ne a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu ta shekarar 1966, a cikin iyalin Alhaji Ja'afar Tahir . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |title=Don’t Rush To Get To The Next Level – Prof Fatimah Ja’afar Tahir |url=https://dailytrust.com/dont-rush-to-get-to-the-next-level-prof-fatimah-jaafar-tahir/ |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar'uwar marigayi Dokta [[Ibrahim Tahir]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bauchi; First Female Prof appointed VC |url=https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222104101/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/amp/ |archive-date=2024-02-22 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=The Nigerian Standard}}</ref> karama == Ilimi == Fatima Tahir ta Sami digirinta na Farko a fannin kananan halittu wato (micro biology) daga jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa,ta kuma samu digirinta na biyu da na uku dukka daga jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a kuma fanni daya == Ayyuka == Ta fara tafiyarta a fannin ilimi a matsayin Mataimakiyar Mallami a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekarar 1991 da kuma a shekarar 2009, Ta tashi zuwa matsayin Farfesa na Microbiology . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Najib |date=2022-12-12 |title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC |url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Leadership News |language=en-US}}</ref> Fatima Tahir ta kasance daya daga Cikin membobin ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a da yawa, gami da Nigerian Society for Microbiology (NSM), Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Najeriya (NIFST), American Society for Microbology (ASM), Society for Applied Microbiology, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bello |first=Fateema B. |date=2022-12-12 |title=Bauchi gov appoints Prof Fatima Tahir as new VC of Sa’adu Zungur University |url=https://dateline.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-new-vc-of-saadu-zungur-university/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Dateline Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Fatima Tahir ta zama Shugabar Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi ne a shekarar 2022.<ref name="Sani">{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Najib |title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC |url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ |website=Leadership News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSani">Sani, Najib. [https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ "Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC"]. ''Leadership News''.</cite></ref> == Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] ptdn2ogsgzu1ob44raqx0m6mhz7dexn 885226 885225 2026-07-20T11:46:37Z BnHamid 12586 /* Inda Aka Samu Bayanan da aka ambata */ 885226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fatima Ja'afar Tahir''' (an haife ta ne a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairun ta shekarar 1966) Takasance [[Farfesa]] ce a fannin [[Ilimin halittu]] a Najeriya kuma Shugabar [[Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi]] tun daga shekara ta 2022.<ref name="Sani">{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Najib |title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC |url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ |website=Leadership News}}</ref> Ta kasance Mataimakiyar Shugaban Jami'ar Sojojin Najeriya dake Biu, na Jihar Borno kuma an san da ita a matsayin Farfesa ta farko a fannin Microbiology ta [[Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa]], da Jihar Bauchi ta samar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bauchi; First female Prof appointed VC |url=https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221084549/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/ |archive-date=2024-02-21 |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=The Nigeria Standard}}</ref> == Rayuwanta na farko == An haifi Fatima Tahir ne a ranar 8 ga watan Fabrairu ta shekarar 1966, a cikin iyalin Alhaji Ja'afar Tahir . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alhassan |first=Amina |title=Don’t Rush To Get To The Next Level – Prof Fatimah Ja’afar Tahir |url=https://dailytrust.com/dont-rush-to-get-to-the-next-level-prof-fatimah-jaafar-tahir/ |website=Daily Trust}}</ref> Ita ce 'yar'uwar marigayi Dokta [[Ibrahim Tahir]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bauchi; First Female Prof appointed VC |url=https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/amp/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222104101/https://thenigeriastandard.ng/bauchi-first-female-prof-appointed-vc/amp/ |archive-date=2024-02-22 |access-date=2024-02-22 |website=The Nigerian Standard}}</ref> karama == Ilimi == Fatima Tahir ta Sami digirinta na Farko a fannin kananan halittu wato (micro biology) daga jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa,ta kuma samu digirinta na biyu da na uku dukka daga jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a kuma fanni daya == Ayyuka == Ta fara tafiyarta a fannin ilimi a matsayin Mataimakiyar Mallami a Jami'ar Abubakar Tafawa Balewa a shekarar 1991 da kuma a shekarar 2009, Ta tashi zuwa matsayin Farfesa na Microbiology . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Najib |date=2022-12-12 |title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC |url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Leadership News |language=en-US}}</ref> Fatima Tahir ta kasance daya daga Cikin membobin ƙungiyoyi masu sana'a da yawa, gami da Nigerian Society for Microbiology (NSM), Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Najeriya (NIFST), American Society for Microbology (ASM), Society for Applied Microbiology, da sauransu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bello |first=Fateema B. |date=2022-12-12 |title=Bauchi gov appoints Prof Fatima Tahir as new VC of Sa’adu Zungur University |url=https://dateline.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-new-vc-of-saadu-zungur-university/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Dateline Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Fatima Tahir ta zama Shugabar Jami'ar Jihar Bauchi ne a shekarar 2022.<ref name="Sani">{{Cite web |last=Sani |first=Najib |title=Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC |url=https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ |website=Leadership News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSani">Sani, Najib. [https://leadership.ng/bauchi-gov-appoints-prof-fatima-tahir-as-state-varsity-vc/ "Bauchi Gov Appoints Prof Fatima Tahir As State Varsity VC"]. ''Leadership News''.</cite></ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1966]] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] du56efnopd3twz1r435trl7fs99rhks 0 117795 884905 852196 2026-07-19T12:45:13Z Pharouqenr 25549 884905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Tun daga watan [[Afrilu|Afrilun]] 2025, [[Najeriya]] ta fuskanci bala'in ambaliyar ruwa da ta haddasa asarar dukiya, da asarar rayuka, jikkata da kuma gudun hijira. Ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni ya zuwa yanzu ita ce [[Ambaliyar Makwa 2025|Ambaliyar Mokwa ta shekarar 2025]] a watan Mayu wadda ta kashe akalla mutane 500.<ref name="Down to Earth">{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2025 |title=Nigeria: Africa's most populous nation adopts community-based flood forecasting in 2025 outlook |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/africa/nigeria-africas-most-populous-nation-adopts-community-based-flood-forecasting-in-2025-outlook |access-date=May 30, 2025 |publisher=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2025 |title=15 Million Nigerians At High Risk Of Floods In 2025 – Shettima |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2025/04/16/15-million-nigerians-at-high-risk-of-floods-in-2025-shettima/ |access-date=May 30, 2025 |publisher=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> == Dalilan da suka haifar == Causes of flooding in [[Najeriya|Nigeria]] include the release of water from the [[Tashar wutar lantarki ta Jebba|Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station]] [[Madatsar ruwa|dam]], that caused at least six floods with one killing at least thirteen people. Heavy rainfall, poor drainage, and weak infrastructure are expected to worsen flash and urban flooding in major cities like [[Lagos (birni)|Lagos]].<ref name="The Watchers News">{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2025 |title=Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states |url=https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/ |access-date=May 30, 2025 |publisher=The Watchers News}}</ref><ref name="Down to Earth">{{Cite web |date=April 14, 2025 |title=Nigeria: Africa's most populous nation adopts community-based flood forecasting in 2025 outlook |url=https://www.downtoearth.org.in/africa/nigeria-africas-most-populous-nation-adopts-community-based-flood-forecasting-in-2025-outlook |access-date=May 30, 2025 |publisher=[[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.downtoearth.org.in/africa/nigeria-africas-most-populous-nation-adopts-community-based-flood-forecasting-in-2025-outlook "Nigeria: Africa's most populous nation adopts community-based flood forecasting in 2025 outlook"]. [[Down to Earth (magazine)|Down to Earth]]. April 14, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> == Ambaliyar ruwa ta wurin == === Jihar Nijar === On May 28, flooding occurred in Mokwa after heavy rainfall and the collapse of a nearby dam, killing at least 500 people, leaving over 600 missing and presumed dead, injuring 121 others and affecting thousands, including more than 4,000 displaced. Har ila yau, a cikin Mokwa, ambaliyar ruwa a watan [[Afrilu]] da ta haifar da sakin ruwa daga [[madatsar ruwa]] Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station ta kashe akalla mutane goma sha uku, ciki har da mutane uku a kan [[Kwale-kwale|jirgin ruwa]] wanda ya rushe a kan kogi mai ambaliyar, kuma ya lalata gonakin shinkafa. Ambaliyar ta shafi manoma sama da 5,000 a fadin Jihar Nijar da Jihar Kwara, ta shafi sama da hekta {{Convert|10,000|ha|acre}} (25,000 acres) na gonakin paddy a Mokwa kadai tare da kimanta asarar tattalin arziki a cikin biliyoyin [[naira]]. Manoma daga [[Kebbi|Jihar Kebbi]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Jihar Sokoto]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Jihar Katsina]] da [[Kano (jiha)|Jihar Kano]] suma sun shafi. Rahotanni sun nuna cewa bala'in ya kori mutane sama da 6,400, ya lalata makarantu 45, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya 44, kuma ya haifar da rushewar gadar Eppa, ya yanke al'ummomi daga taimakon gaggawa. Ambaliyar ita ce ta shida da ruwan da aka saki daga madatsar ruwan ya haifar.<ref name="The Watchers News">{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2025 |title=Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states |url=https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/ |access-date=May 30, 2025 |publisher=The Watchers News}}</ref> === Jihar Koguna === In May, torrential rains caused floods and landslides that buried homes and swept people away in the city of [[Okrika]], killing at least twenty-five people. Rescue operations are ongoing but access to remote areas remains difficult due to damaged roads and high water levels. More bodies are still being pulled from debris {{As of|2025|5|30|lc=on}} === Jihar Kwara === In April, at least thirteen people were killed in Kwara State and Mokwa in Niger State, including three people on a [[Kwale-kwale|canoe]] that capsized on a flooded river, and rice fields were destroyed after flooding triggered by the routine water release from the [[Tashar wutar lantarki ta Jebba|Jebba Hydroelectric Power Station]] [[Madatsar ruwa|dam]] on April 16 affected 30 communities. The floods affected over 5,000 dry-season farmers across Niger State and Kwara State, impacting over {{Convert|10,000|ha|acre}} of paddy farms in Mokwa alone with estimated economic losses in the billions of [[naira]]. Farmers from [[Kebbi|Kebbi State]], [[Sokoto (jiha)|Sokoto State]], [[Katsina (jiha)|Katsina State]] and [[Kano (jiha)|Kano State]] were also impacted. Reports indicate that the disaster displaced over 6,400 people, destroyed 45 schools, 44 health centers, and led to the collapse of the Eppa bridge, cutting off communities from urgent help. The flood was the sixth caused by the water released from the dam.<ref name="The Watchers News">{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2025 |title=Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states |url=https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/ |access-date=May 30, 2025 |publisher=The Watchers News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://watchers.news/2025/04/22/deadly-floods-hit-nigeria-destroy-rice-fields-across-30-communities-in-niger-and-kwara-states/ "Deadly floods hit Nigeria, destroy rice fields across 30 communities in Niger and Kwara states"]. The Watchers News. April 22, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> === Jihar Borno === A watan Satumbar 2025 akwai ruwan sama mai yawa a [[maiduguri]] wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da lalacewar rayuwa da dukiya a babban birnin jihar [[Borno]]. Ambaliyar da ke haifar da asarar rayuka da rushewar [[madatsar ruwa]] a jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-11 |title=Alau dam collapse in Nigeria: Broken promises and stolen futures in Maiduguri |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1kwepevkzxo |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Adamawa === A watan Yulin akalla mutane 23 ne aka kashe a babban birnin [[Adamawa]] jihar Iola, ruwan sama mai tsanani wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa, kuma ya shafi rayuka da dukiya da yawa a babban birnin jihar. Mutane da yawa sun rasa muhallinsu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-28 |title=Adamawa flood: How goment fit stop effect of flood for Nigeria |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c62nr3gvkmlo |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> === Jihar Ondo === Mazaunin Ese odo, Occiti pupa a [[Ondo (jiha)|Jihar Ondo]] ya sha wahala daga ruwan sama mai yawa a watan Yulin 2025. Ruwan sama wanda ke haifar da ambaliyar ruwa da lalata Bridges, Properties kuma ya sa mutane da yawa ba su da gida a jihar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dada |first=Peter |date=2025-07-07 |title=Residents count losses as flood submerges bridges, buildings in Ondo |url=https://punchng.com/residents-count-losses-as-flood-submerges-bridges-buildings-in-ondo/ |access-date=2025-10-05 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> === Jihar Osun === Mazaunin karamar hukumar Iwo a jihar Osun ya ƙidaya asarar a matsayin ruwan sama mai tsanani wanda ya haifar da ambaliyar da ta lalata kuma ta kori iyalai da yawa a jihar.[https://www.osun.life/2025/09/13/flood-hits-osun-community-after-heavy-rain/] == Dubi kuma == * [[Ambaliyar ruwa ta Najeriya ta 2024]] * [[Ambaliyar Ruwa a Jihar Borno 2024|Ambaliyar ruwa ta jihar Borno]] * [[Ambaliya ruwa na Lekki na 2024|Ruwan ruwa na Lekki na 2024]] * [[Ambaliyar Makwa 2025|Ambaliyar ruwa ta Mokwa ta 2025]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{2025 floods}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gcu8e1888fi9yqf7rba9o5g43v4jkwk 0 119356 884854 728545 2026-07-19T12:24:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 884854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Uwaye na Ƙirƙira''''' faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland [[Mary Robinson]], ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin [[Doc Society|DocSociety]] ne ya samar da shi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=3 podcasts for climate activists |url=https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/3-podcasts-for-climate-activists/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018 <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHERS |url=https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=Mothers Of Invention |language=en}}</ref> Podcast yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin [[canjin yanayi]] da [[Feminism|mata]], bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=#MeToo has arrived and China's environment sector must respond |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/10777-metoo-has-arrived-and-china-s-environment-sector-must-respond/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru == Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don [[Adalci na yanayi]]. Baƙon farko shi ne [[Tessa Khan]], lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a [[Shari'ar Canjin Yanayi|Shari'ar canjin yanayi]]. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli [[Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi, mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa [[Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim|Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim]] da Sanata na Amurka [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Rachelle |date=2014-08-27 |title=Zero Waste Week: a challenge to send nothing to landfill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/27/zero-waste-week-challenge-send-nothing-to-landfill |access-date=2018-08-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=The week in radio and podcasts: Arthur Cares; Where Is George Gibney?; Mothers of Invention |url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/dec/19/arthur-cares-review-where-is-george-gibney-mothers-of-invention-podcast-mary-robinson-bernie-sanders |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran shirye-shirye == A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title='We need to be heard': the BAME climate activists who won't be ignored |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/09/we-need-to-be-heard-the-bame-climate-activists-who-wont-be-ignored |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9n6vn6hskn7a4tw3qcqc051gyibn4ch 884855 884854 2026-07-19T12:24:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 884855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Uwaye na Ƙirƙira''''' faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland [[Mary Robinson]], ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin [[Doc Society|DocSociety]] ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=3 podcasts for climate activists |url=https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/3-podcasts-for-climate-activists/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018 <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHERS |url=https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=Mothers Of Invention |language=en}}</ref> Podcast yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin [[canjin yanayi]] da [[Feminism|mata]], bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=#MeToo has arrived and China's environment sector must respond |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/10777-metoo-has-arrived-and-china-s-environment-sector-must-respond/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru == Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don [[Adalci na yanayi]]. Baƙon farko shi ne [[Tessa Khan]], lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a [[Shari'ar Canjin Yanayi|Shari'ar canjin yanayi]]. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli [[Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi, mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa [[Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim|Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim]] da Sanata na Amurka [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Rachelle |date=2014-08-27 |title=Zero Waste Week: a challenge to send nothing to landfill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/27/zero-waste-week-challenge-send-nothing-to-landfill |access-date=2018-08-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=The week in radio and podcasts: Arthur Cares; Where Is George Gibney?; Mothers of Invention |url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/dec/19/arthur-cares-review-where-is-george-gibney-mothers-of-invention-podcast-mary-robinson-bernie-sanders |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran shirye-shirye == A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title='We need to be heard': the BAME climate activists who won't be ignored |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/09/we-need-to-be-heard-the-bame-climate-activists-who-wont-be-ignored |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 02g5wzqqjvpn6ol4jooqt8kwbijco00 884856 884855 2026-07-19T12:24:36Z Pharouqenr 25549 884856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Uwaye na Ƙirƙira''''' faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland [[Mary Robinson]], ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin [[Doc Society|DocSociety]] ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=3 podcasts for climate activists |url=https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/3-podcasts-for-climate-activists/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018 <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHERS |url=https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=Mothers Of Invention |language=en}}</ref> Podcast yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin [[canjin yanayi]] da [[Feminism|mata]], bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=#MeToo has arrived and China's environment sector must respond |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/10777-metoo-has-arrived-and-china-s-environment-sector-must-respond/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru == Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don [[Adalci na yanayi]]. Baƙon farko shi ne [[Tessa Khan]], lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a [[Shari'ar Canjin Yanayi|Shari'ar canjin yanayi]]. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli [[Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi, mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa [[Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim|Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim]] da Sanata na Amurka [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Rachelle |date=2014-08-27 |title=Zero Waste Week: a challenge to send nothing to landfill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/27/zero-waste-week-challenge-send-nothing-to-landfill |access-date=2018-08-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=The week in radio and podcasts: Arthur Cares; Where Is George Gibney?; Mothers of Invention |url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/dec/19/arthur-cares-review-where-is-george-gibney-mothers-of-invention-podcast-mary-robinson-bernie-sanders |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran shirye-shirye == A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title='We need to be heard': the BAME climate activists who won't be ignored |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/09/we-need-to-be-heard-the-bame-climate-activists-who-wont-be-ignored |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == o8o2aaiedl3gctd4uozpr1ellgim3ip 884857 884856 2026-07-19T12:24:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 884857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Uwaye na Ƙirƙira''''' faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland [[Mary Robinson]], ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin [[Doc Society|DocSociety]] ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=3 podcasts for climate activists |url=https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/3-podcasts-for-climate-activists/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018 <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHERS |url=https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=Mothers Of Invention |language=en}}</ref> Podcast yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin [[canjin yanayi]] da [[Feminism|mata]], bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=#MeToo has arrived and China's environment sector must respond |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/10777-metoo-has-arrived-and-china-s-environment-sector-must-respond/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru == Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don [[Adalci na yanayi]]. Baƙon farko shi ne [[Tessa Khan]], lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a [[Shari'ar Canjin Yanayi|Shari'ar canjin yanayi]]. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli [[Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi, mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa [[Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim|Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim]] da Sanata na Amurka [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Rachelle |date=2014-08-27 |title=Zero Waste Week: a challenge to send nothing to landfill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/27/zero-waste-week-challenge-send-nothing-to-landfill |access-date=2018-08-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=The week in radio and podcasts: Arthur Cares; Where Is George Gibney?; Mothers of Invention |url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/dec/19/arthur-cares-review-where-is-george-gibney-mothers-of-invention-podcast-mary-robinson-bernie-sanders |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran shirye-shirye == A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title='We need to be heard': the BAME climate activists who won't be ignored |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/09/we-need-to-be-heard-the-bame-climate-activists-who-wont-be-ignored |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == csmdwcti1dzcpk2l7adxlwgjo4g67sl 884858 884857 2026-07-19T12:26:08Z Pharouqenr 25549 884858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Uwaye na Ƙirƙira''''' faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland [[Mary Robinson]], ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin [[Doc Society|DocSociety]] ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=3 podcasts for climate activists |url=https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/3-podcasts-for-climate-activists/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018 <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHERS |url=https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=Mothers Of Invention |language=en}}</ref> Podcast yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin [[canjin yanayi]] da [[Feminism|mata]], bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=#MeToo has arrived and China's environment sector must respond |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/10777-metoo-has-arrived-and-china-s-environment-sector-must-respond/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru == Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don [[Adalci na yanayi]]. Baƙon farko shi ne [[Tessa Khan]], lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a [[Shari'ar Canjin Yanayi|Shari'ar canjin yanayi]]. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli [[Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi, mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa [[Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim|Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim]] da Sanata na [[Amurka]] [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Rachelle |date=2014-08-27 |title=Zero Waste Week: a challenge to send nothing to landfill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/27/zero-waste-week-challenge-send-nothing-to-landfill |access-date=2018-08-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=The week in radio and podcasts: Arthur Cares; Where Is George Gibney?; Mothers of Invention |url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/dec/19/arthur-cares-review-where-is-george-gibney-mothers-of-invention-podcast-mary-robinson-bernie-sanders |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran shirye-shirye == A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title='We need to be heard': the BAME climate activists who won't be ignored |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/09/we-need-to-be-heard-the-bame-climate-activists-who-wont-be-ignored |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == n8l8usl8iin1wv3w3sh4jfvz151fs16 884859 884858 2026-07-19T12:26:24Z Pharouqenr 25549 884859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Uwaye na Ƙirƙira''''' faifan bidiyo ne wanda tsohuwar Shugabar Ireland [[Mary Robinson]], ɗan wasan barkwanci Maeve Higgins da mai gabatar da shirye-shirye Thimali Kodikara suka shirya. Kamfanin [[Doc Society|DocSociety]] ne ya samar da shi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2019 |title=3 podcasts for climate activists |url=https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/3-podcasts-for-climate-activists/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=www.greenpeace.org.uk}}</ref> Podcast ɗin da aka yi muhawara akan 23 Yuli 2018 <ref name="auto" /> kuma ya zuwa yanzu yana gudana har tsawon yanayi uku.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MOTHERS |url=https://www.mothersofinvention.online/mothers |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=Mothers Of Invention |language=en}}</ref> Podcast yana mai da hankali kan haɗin kai tsakanin [[canjin yanayi]] da [[Feminism|mata]], bincika ra'ayin cewa sauyin yanayi matsala ce ta mutum tare da mafita na mata.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 August 2018 |title=#MeToo has arrived and China's environment sector must respond |url=https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/10777-metoo-has-arrived-and-china-s-environment-sector-must-respond/ |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=China Dialogue |language=en}}</ref> == Bayani game da abubuwan da suka faru == Kowane labari na kwasfan fayiloli yana nuna baƙo wanda ke gwagwarmaya don [[Adalci na yanayi]]. Baƙon farko shi ne [[Tessa Khan]], lauya ce ta Bangladesh-Australia wacce ta ƙware a [[Shari'ar Canjin Yanayi|Shari'ar canjin yanayi]]. Baƙi na gaba sun haɗa da masanin ilimin halittu na ruwa da masanin manufofin muhalli [[Ayana Elizabeth Johnson]]; Sara Tekola, mai fafutukar Black Lives Matter da ke gudanar da PhD a kimiyyar yanayi, mai fafutuka na muhalli da masanin yanayin ƙasa [[Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim|Hindu Oumarou Ibrahim]] da Sanata na [[Amurka]] [[Bernie Sanders]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Rachelle |date=2014-08-27 |title=Zero Waste Week: a challenge to send nothing to landfill |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2014/aug/27/zero-waste-week-challenge-send-nothing-to-landfill |access-date=2018-08-10 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-19 |title=The week in radio and podcasts: Arthur Cares; Where Is George Gibney?; Mothers of Invention |url=http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/dec/19/arthur-cares-review-where-is-george-gibney-mothers-of-invention-podcast-mary-robinson-bernie-sanders |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Sauran shirye-shirye == A cikin 2020 ƙungiyar samar da Mothers of Invention ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Yanayi, wani shiri don nuna aikin Black, Brown, Asiya, Mutanen Launi da Mutanen asalin [[Birtaniya|Burtaniya]] waɗanda suka kasance masana kan yanayi, masu fafutuka da masu ba da shawara da ke zaune da aiki a Burtaniya. Aikin ya sami tallafi daga Gidauniyar Joseph Rowntree da Gidauniwar Solberga . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-09 |title='We need to be heard': the BAME climate activists who won't be ignored |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/mar/09/we-need-to-be-heard-the-bame-climate-activists-who-wont-be-ignored |access-date=2021-01-08 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jjvxyv9e644t7phqzywxwqjxjks6kpm 0 123334 885087 748033 2026-07-20T09:03:15Z BnHamid 12586 885087 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Kisan '''Sheila Anderson''' (1955/1956 - 7 Afrilu 1983) shine kisan gillar 1983 na Ma'aikacin jima'i a [[Edinburgh]] wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kisan gillar [[Scotland]] da ba a warware su ba". An gano mahaifiyar Anderson mai shekaru 27 da haihuwa, mai yiwuwa akai-akai, a kan promenade a Gypsy Brae bayan ta yi jima'i da abokin ciniki a can. An san Anderson da kasancewa mai rikici tare da abokan ciniki da kuma tsayawa a gaban motocinsu idan sun ki biyan kuɗi, wanda ya jagoranci masu bincike su kammala cewa ana iya gudu da ita bayan irin wannan rashin jituwa. Masu bincike sun nuna cewa an fentin motar mai kisan kuma hakan ya lalace sosai, tare da 'yan sanda har yanzu suna kira ga duk wanda ya tuna da abokin aikinsu da ya zo gida tare da motar da ta lalace a kusa da 1983 don zuwa gaba. An kuma yi kira ga bayanai daga duk wanda abokin tarayya ya ba shi [[Cutar da ake kamuwa ta jima'i|Cutar da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i]] a wannan lokacin tun lokacin da aka gano cewa akwai damar da mai kisan zai nemi magani ga wanda ya mutu bayan kisan. An gano jakar da ta ɓace ta Anderson bayan kisan a filin ajiye motoci a kan Hanyar A1 da ke kudu daga Edinburgh zuwa Ingila, yana nuna cewa mai kisan ta na iya komawa Ingila bayan kisan. An ware cikakken bayanan DNA na mai kisan a cikin shekara ta 2009, wanda ya haifar da sabuntawa da fatan cewa za a iya kama mai kisan da kuma sabon roko a kan Crimewatch. An kuma lura da shari'ar saboda tasirin da take da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙasa dangane da sauya halayen 'yan sanda da hanyoyin da suka shafi ma'aikatan jima'i, kuma shari'ar ta ci gaba da karɓar talla. == Kisan kai == [[Fayil:Commercial_Street_(A199),_North_Leith_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3542270.jpg|right|thumb|Anderson ya kama shi yayin da yake neman aiki a titin Kasuwanci a Leith, wanda aka zana. An gan ta na karshe minti 30 kawai kafin a same ta mutu a Gypsy Brae, an gan ta tana magana da wani mutum a gidan Lyndean, wanda aka nuna a dama. Yanzu Cibiyar Aiki ce.]] Anderson uwa ce mai shekaru 27 da ke da 'ya'ya biyu. A lokacin da aka kashe mahaifiyarsu, 'ya'yanta suna da shekaru biyu da bakwai kawai.<ref name="Appeal" /> Anderson ta yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikaciyar jima'i, tare da iyalinta suna bayyana cewa ta "shiga tare da taron da ba daidai ba" kuma ta shiga cikin kwayoyi. Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a bayyane ya sa ta yi jayayya da rikici, kuma an san ta da kasancewa tare da abokan ciniki. Da misalin karfe 11:45 na yamma a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1983, wani mai son rediyo na CB ya tsaya a bakin tekun a Gypsy Brae, [[Edinburgh]], sanannen wuri ga masu amfani da Rediyon CB yayin da yake ba da kyakkyawar karɓa a fadin ruwa daga bakin tekun Edinburgh zuwa Fife. A wannan dare mai amfani da rediyo ya hango fitilun mota wanda ke tuki a bakin teku a kan promenade, inda motoci ba sa yawan tuki, don haka ya tafi ya bincika.<ref name="Appeal2" /><ref name="David Wilson">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=David Wilson's Crime Files Series 3 - Cold Cases: 5. Missing Sex Workers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0d3trlm |website=BBC iPlayer}}</ref> Lokacin da ya tuka zuwa inda ya ga motar tana tuki, sai ya sami gawar Anderson, wanda aka kashe shi da mummunan rauni.<ref name="Appeal2" /> An kori ta kuma ja ta da motar da ya gani daga nesa, kuma shaidar ta nuna cewa motar ta gudu a jikinta akalla sau ɗaya.<ref name="Appeal2" /> An gano kayanta a warwatse a duk faɗin wurin aikata laifuka.<ref name="David Wilson" /> Tsaro, wanda aka samo kusa da jikinta, ya tsaya a karfe 11:54 na yamma, watakila daidai lokacin mutuwarta.<ref name="Appeal2" /> An rasa tufafinta kuma ba a taɓa samun su ba, don haka mai kai farmaki ya ɗauke ta. An ga Anderson a yankin Leith na Edinburgh a farkon wannan dare, wani yanki tare da sanannen gundumar jan haske da kuma masu amfani da heroin da yawa.<ref name="David Wilson">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=David Wilson's Crime Files Series 3 - Cold Cases: 5. Missing Sex Workers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0d3trlm |website=BBC iPlayer}}</ref> An ce ma'aikatan jima'i masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi "masu saukin kai" ga masu cin nama.<ref name="David Wilson" /> Anderson yana neman aikin jima'i a kai a kai a kan titunan Leith kuma sananne ne, gami da 'yan sanda.<ref name="David Wilson" /> Da misalin karfe 11:25 na yamma a wannan dare, kimanin minti 30 kawai kafin mutuwarta, an tabbatar da ganin Anderson a waje da gidan Lyndean a titin Kasuwanci a Leith, yayin da jami'an 'yan sanda biyu suka yi magana da ita kuma suka gan ta tana magana da wani mutum.<ref name="David Wilson" /> A wannan lokacin ne ta tafi tare da abokin ciniki wanda zai kashe ta.<ref name="David Wilson" /> Masu bincike sun gano cewa Anderson ta yi jima'i da mutumin da ta tafi tare da Gypsy Brae, amma ba za su iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa mutumin ya kashe ta ba.<ref name="Appeal2" /> Masu bincike za su yi imanin cewa mai yiwuwa ne cewa abokin ciniki ya kashe Anderson bayan ta yi martani da rashin adalci da su ko kuma ba a biya ta ba, tunda an san ta da rikici da abokan ciniki.<ref name="EL" /> Tana iya tsayawa a gaban motar har sai abokin ciniki ya biya, amma mai kisan ya amsa ta hanyar gudu da ita.<ref name="EL" /> Sauran ma'aikatan jima'i sun ba da labarin cewa Anderson ya riga ya tsaya a gaban motar abokin ciniki idan sun ki biyan kuɗi, ba tare da barin su tafi ba har sai sun yi. == Bincike == [[Fayil:Promenade_by_the_Forth_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3242373.jpg|right|thumb|Shafin kisan a shekarar 2012]] Masu bincike sun gano cewa motar mai kisan za ta lalace sosai ta hanyar aikin, kuma mai yiwuwa an rubuta ta. An gano fenti mai zurfi a kan tufafin Anderson, yana nuna motar mai kisan ta ja.<ref name="David Wilson">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=David Wilson's Crime Files Series 3 - Cold Cases: 5. Missing Sex Workers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0d3trlm |website=BBC iPlayer}}</ref> Ya bayyana cewa ya fito ne daga wani overspray na kasa na wani tsatsa mota.<ref name="David Wilson" /> An yi kira ga duk wanda abokin tarayya ya dawo gida a wani lokaci a 1983 tare da mota da ta lalace, mai yiwuwa tare da labarin da ake zargi game da yadda suka sami lalacewar, don zuwa gaba.<ref name="Appeal2" /> An gano cewa akwai damar 50% cewa mai kisan zai sami [[Cutar da ake kamuwa ta jima'i|Cutar da ake samu ta hanyar jima'i]], wanda zai iya ba wa abokin aikinsa kuma su ne za su tuna da shi, wanda ya sa 'yan sanda su yi kira ga duk wanda ya tuna an ba shi STD daga abokin tarayya a kusa da 1983 don zuwa gaba.<ref name="Appeal2" /> Mutumin ya nemi magani don wannan ba da daɗewa ba bayan laifin. Masu bincike ba su san ko mutumin ya zauna a Edinburgh ba, ko kuma ya yi aiki a can, mai yiwuwa a kan man fetur da ke kusa ko a cikin gini. Ka'idar cewa mutumin na iya kasancewa ne kawai a yankin don aiki ya goyi bayan binciken da aka yi na jakar Anderson, wanda aka zubar a cikin filin ajiye motoci mai nisan kilomita 17 daga wurin kisan kai ta hanyar Hanyar A1, wanda shine babbar hanyar da ke kudu daga Edinburgh a kan iyakar zuwa [[Ingila]].<ref name="Appeal2" /> Saboda haka, akwai ka'idar cewa mai kisan gilla na iya zuwa yankin don dalilai na aiki daga Ingila, sannan ya dawo ta wannan hanya.<ref name="Appeal2" /> A lokuta biyu, wata ma'aikaciyar jima'i ta tuntubi 'yan sanda tana cewa tana da bayanai game da kisan, wanda ya haifar da fatan cewa za a iya gabatar da mai kisan Anderson a gaban shari'a. Kodayake sau biyu ta amince da saduwa da jami'ai, ba ta taɓa fitowa ba.<ref name="EL" /> == Tasirin == [[Fayil:North_Junction_Street_at_Commercial_Street_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1849458.jpg|right|thumb|Minti 30 kawai kafin a same ta mutu, jami'an 'yan sanda biyu sun ga Anderson a bayan inda aka dauki wannan hoton, a mahaɗar titin Commercial da titin North Junction a Leith]] Kisan Anderson sananne ne game da yadda ya canza aikin 'yan sanda na aikin jima'i a Burtaniya da sauran wurare. 'Yan sanda sun fahimci muhimmancin ƙoƙarin gina kyakkyawar dangantaka tare da ma'aikatan jima'i don haka za su iya raba mahimman bayanai tare da masu bincike.<ref name="EL" /> An fahimci cewa wannan canjin halayen zai sauƙaƙa samun amincewa daga waɗanda kamar ma'aikacin jima'i wanda ya zo gaba sau biyu yana cewa tana da mahimman bayanai amma ba ta taɓa saduwa da jami'ai ba lokacin da aka shirya.<ref name="EL" /> Har ila yau, shari'ar ta haifar da kafa "yanki na haƙuri" ga ma'aikatan jima'i kuma ta ga gabatar da nau'ikan kariya na 'yan sanda ga ma'aikata na jima'i a Edinburgh. == Ci gaba da talla == An ci gaba da sake binciken shari'ar a matsayin shari'ar sanyi kuma ta koma labarai a cikin 2008 lokacin da aka bayyana cewa masu bincike suna gudanar da bincike na zamani na shaidar.[1] An gabatar da shari'ar a kan Crimewatch a watan Fabrairu da Maris na shekara ta 2009, inda aka bayyana cewa an ware cikakken bayanan DNA na mai kisan.[2][3] An nuna cewa duk wani sunayen da jama'a suka ba da kansu kamar yadda ake zargi za a iya kawar da shi cikin sauƙi tare da sabon DNA, don haka masu bincike sun yi kira ga mutane da su gabatar da duk wani bayanin da suka ji suna da shi kamar yadda zai iya warware lamarin cikin sauƙi.[2][3] A cikin 2021, Tauraruwar ''[[The Simpsons|Simpsons]]'' Yeardley Smith (muryar Lisa Simpson) ta samar da kwasfan fayiloli a kan lamarin. A cikin 2022, an nuna shari'ar a cikin wani labari na jerin shirye-shiryen [[BBC]] David Wilson's Crime Files, wanda tsohon Sufeto Tom Wood, wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na binciken kuma ya bayyana shi a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin gumakan 'yan sanda na Scotland", ya yi magana da Wilson.<ref name="David Wilson">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=David Wilson's Crime Files Series 3 - Cold Cases: 5. Missing Sex Workers |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0d3trlm |website=BBC iPlayer}}</ref> Wood ya nace cewa za a iya warware lamarin.<ref name="David Wilson" /> An bayyana shari'ar Anderson a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin sanannun kisan gillar da ba a warware su ba a Scotland" kuma ya ci gaba da karɓar tallace-tallace. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g7ua1xe6omykchvrnv2h15u2jcvv6uh 0 123707 885151 749301 2026-07-20T10:29:23Z Abdulrahman tahir shika 24962 Nayi gyara 885151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''James Yakubu Spigelman''' AC KC (an haife shi a ranar 1 ga Janairu 1946) tsohon alkali ne na [[Ostiraliya (nahiya)|Ostiraliya]] wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Alkali na New South Wales daga 1998 zuwa 2011, kuma a matsayin Laftanar-Gwamnan New South Wales daga 1998 zuwa 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 1998 |title=Swearing in Ceremony of The Honourable J J Spigelman QC |url=http://www.supremecourt.justice.nsw.gov.au/Documents/Publications/Speeches/Pre-2015%20Speeches/Spigelman/spigelman_speeches_1998.pdf}}</ref> Ya yi aiki a Kotun Daukaka Kara ta Karshe ta Hong Kong a matsayin alkali mara dindindin daga wasu hukumomin shari'a na gama gari daga Afrilu 2013 zuwa murabus dinsa da wuri a Satumba 2020. Spigelman ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Australia daga 2012 zuwa 2017. == Shekarun farko da ilimi == An haifi Spigelman a Sosnowiec, [[Poland]], a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1946. Ya isa Ostiraliya tare da iyalansa a shekarar 1949 [1] [2] kuma ya halarci Makarantar Jama'a ta Maroubra sannan daga baya ya halarci Makarantar Sakandare ta Sydney Boys. Daga nan ya ci gaba da karatun Fasaha a Jami'ar Sydney, inda ya sami lambar yabo ta First-Class a fannin Gwamnati da kuma lambar yabo ta Second-Class a fannin Tattalin Arziki. Daga baya, ya karanci fannin shari'a, inda ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1971 da lambar yabo ta First-Class da lambar yabo ta Jami'a. [2] Spigelman ya shiga kuma ya taimaka wajen shirya bikin 'Yanci na 1965, wani aiki da ɗalibai suka yi don jawo hankali ga matsalolin da al'ummomin 'yan asalin ƙasar ke fuskanta a NSW. A shekarar 1969 ya kasance Shugaban Majalisar Wakilan Dalibai. Daga 1969-1971, ya kasance Ɗalibin Ɗalibi na Majalisar Dattawan Jami'a. <ref name="USyd-citation">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=The Hon Justice James Jacob Spigelman AC |url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/SpigelmanJ.shtml |access-date=18 March 2011 |website=Honorary Doctor of Laws Conferral Citation |publisher=[[The University of Sydney]]}}</ref> == Sana'a == === Aikin lauya na farko === [[Fayil:Jim_Spigelman_1974_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Spigelman a shekarar 1974]] An amince da Spigelman ya yi aiki a matsayin lauya a shekarar 1972. Daga 1972 zuwa 1975, ya yi aiki a matsayin Babban Mai Ba da Shawara kuma Babban Sakataren Sirri na Firayim Minista Gough Whitlam . A shekarar 1975, an naɗa shi Sakataren Ma'aikatar Yaɗa Labarai. <ref name="USyd-citation">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=The Hon Justice James Jacob Spigelman AC |url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/SpigelmanJ.shtml |access-date=18 March 2011 |website=Honorary Doctor of Laws Conferral Citation |publisher=[[The University of Sydney]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/SpigelmanJ.shtml "The Hon Justice James Jacob Spigelman AC"]. ''Honorary Doctor of Laws Conferral Citation''. [[The University of Sydney]]. 28 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> === Aikin shari'a === [[File:Jj_spigelman.jpg|right|thumb|Spigelman a shekarar 2006]] Firayim Minista Bob Carr ya naɗa Spigelman Babban Alkali na Kotun Koli ta New South Wales, kuma Laftanar-Gwamnan NSW, tun daga ranar 25 ga Mayu 1998. <ref name="Supreme">{{Cite web |date=19 May 1998 |title=The Honourable James Jacob Spigelman, AC |url=http://www.ipc.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/supreme_court/ll_sc.nsf/pages/SCO_cjspigelman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320033142/http://www.ipc.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/supreme_court/ll_sc.nsf/pages/SCO_cjspigelman |archive-date=20 March 2011 |access-date=18 March 2011 |website=Chief Justices of New South Wales |publisher=[[Supreme Court of NSW ]]}}</ref> <ref name="USyd-citation">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2004 |title=The Hon Justice James Jacob Spigelman AC |url=http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/SpigelmanJ.shtml |access-date=18 March 2011 |website=Honorary Doctor of Laws Conferral Citation |publisher=[[The University of Sydney]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.usyd.edu.au/senate/committees/SpigelmanJ.shtml "The Hon Justice James Jacob Spigelman AC"]. ''Honorary Doctor of Laws Conferral Citation''. [[The University of Sydney]]. 28 May 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> An yi la'akari da Spigelman a matsayin wanda aka fi so ya maye gurbin Murray Gleeson a matsayin Babban Alkali na Babbar Kotun Ostiraliya lokacin da ya sauka daga mulki a ƙarshen 2008. Duk da haka, wannan naɗin ya tafi ga Robert French. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1946]] dlrxwl2mr02g00tu2fg82fpezhberap 0 128498 885229 762865 2026-07-20T11:48:21Z BnHamid 12586 885229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} Subtropical Cyclone ''Katie'', wanda masu bincike ba su da suna, wani yanayi ne mai ban mamaki a farkon 2015. Bayan lokacin guguwar Kudancin Pacific na 2014-15 ya ƙare a hukumance, an gano wani guguwa mai ban sha'awa a waje da kwandon kusa da Tsibirin Easter, a farkon watan Mayu, kuma masu bincike sun kira shi Katie ba bisa ka'ida ba.<ref name="Katie">{{Cite web |last=Diamond, Howard J |date=25 August 2015 |title=Review of the 2014/15 Tropical Cyclone Season in the Southwest Pacific Ocean Basin |url=http://cpo.noaa.gov/News/News-Article/ArtMID/6226/ArticleID/476/Review-of-the-201415-Tropical-Cyclone-Season-in-the-Southwest-Pacific-Ocean-Basin |access-date=16 October 2017 |website=Climate Program Office |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref> Katie na ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan tsarin wurare masu zafi ko na subtropical da aka taɓa lura da su a cikin kudu maso gabashin Pacific, a waje da iyakar tafkin hukuma na 120 ° W, wanda ke nuna gefen gabas na wuraren gargadi na RSMC Nadi da RSMC Wellington, a lokacin zamanin tauraron dan adam. Saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan guguwar ta samo asali ne a waje da wuraren hukuma na alhakin hukumomin gargadi a Kudancin Pacific, ba a haɗa guguwar a hukumance a matsayin wani ɓangare na lokacin guguwar Kudancin Pacifique na 2014-15. Koyaya, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Sojan Ruwa ta Chile ta ba da gargadi na Babban Tekun akan tsarin a matsayin ƙarancin extratropical.<ref name="2015 climate report">{{Cite journal |last=Blunden, J. |last2=D. S. Arndt |date=October 2016 |title=State of the Climate in 2015 |url=https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00662/77399/ |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=97 |issue=8 |pages=149–150 |bibcode=2016BAMS...97.....B |doi=10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihin yanayi == {{Storm path|Katie 2015 track.png}}<ref name="Katie track">{{Cite web |last=Steve Young |date=27 July 2015 |title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks April 2015 |url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2015/trak1504.htm |access-date=16 October 2017 |publisher=Australia Severe Weather}}</ref>A ranar 29 Afrilu 2015, kusa da ƙarshen lokacin guguwar Kudancin Pacific ta 2014–15, wani tashin hankali ya ɓullo a kudu maso gabashin Pacific mai nisa, kafin rikidewa zuwa cikin ɓacin rai ba da jimawa ba.[1] Guguwar ta rikide zuwa wani yanayi mai tsananin zafi a 102.9°W, da kyau zuwa gabas na iyakar Gabas ta Kudancin Basin Pacific na 120°W.[1][2] A wannan lokacin, Sabis ɗin Yanayi na Sojojin Ruwa na Chile ya fara haɗa da guguwar a cikin Gargaɗi na Babban Teku, yana ci gaba da hakan har zuwa 4 ga Mayu.[3] A cikin kwanaki biyu masu zuwa, tsarin ya koma kudu maso yamma, kafin ya juya zuwa kudu maso gabas. A ranar 1 Mayu, guguwar ta yi tsanani zuwa wani guguwar yanayi mai tsananin zafi, kuma ta zagaya zuwa yamma.[1] A wannan lokacin, tsarin ya ci karo da yanayin zafin saman teku kamar 1 °C (1.8 °F) sama da matsakaicin matsakaici da ƙarancin iska, saboda wani yanayi mai ƙarfi na El Niño, wanda ke ba da damar guguwar ta ƙara shiryawa.[4] A ranar 2 Mayu, guguwar ta kai ƙarfinta mafi girma, tare da matsakaicin iskar mil 45 cikin sa'a (72 km/h; 45 mph; 39 kn)da mafi ƙarancin matsa lamba na hectopascals 993 (29.3 inHg).[1] A cikin wannan lokacin, masu bincike sun gano guguwar kuma ba tare da izini ba Katie. A cikin rana ta gaba, Katie sannu a hankali ta bi zuwa yamma yayin da a hankali ta raunana. A ranar 4 Mayu, Katie ta yi rauni zuwa cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi kuma ta fara hanzari zuwa arewa maso yamma, ta wuce zuwa gabashin tsibirin Ista, kafin ta ƙara yin rauni zuwa ƙarancin ƙasa.[3] Tare da wannan lalacewa, Sabis ɗin Yanayi na Navy na Chilean ya daina ba da gargaɗi game da guguwar.[1] A ranar 6 Mayu, ragowar Katie sun ɓace.[1] A lokacin rayuwar Katie gaba ɗaya, guguwar ta kasance gabas da 120°W, a wajen iyakar hukuma ta Kudancin Pacific.<ref name="Katie track" /><ref name="2015 climate report" /> == Rubuce-rubuce == Subtropical Cyclone Katie ba bisa ka'ida ba ne na uku mafi gabashin zafi ko subtropical cyclone da aka taɓa lura da shi don samarwa a Kudancin {{Convert|1|C-change}}, yana canzawa cikin tsarin subtropical kusa da 102.9 ° W.<ref name="Katie">{{Cite web |last=Diamond, Howard J |date=25 August 2015 |title=Review of the 2014/15 Tropical Cyclone Season in the Southwest Pacific Ocean Basin |url=http://cpo.noaa.gov/News/News-Article/ArtMID/6226/ArticleID/476/Review-of-the-201415-Tropical-Cyclone-Season-in-the-Southwest-Pacific-Ocean-Basin |access-date=16 October 2017 |website=Climate Program Office |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref><ref name="Katie track">{{Cite web |last=Steve Young |date=27 July 2015 |title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Tracks April 2015 |url=http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2015/trak1504.htm |access-date=16 October 2017 |publisher=Australia Severe Weather}}</ref> Wannan ya karya rikodin da ya gabata na kusan 110 ° W, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar mummunan yanayi a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1983.<ref name="PEU" /> "Katie" ita ce tsarin farko na wurare masu zafi ko na subtropical don samar da gabashin iyakar gabashin yankin Kudancin Pacific na 120 ° W tun lokacin da wani mummunan yanayi na wurare masu wurare masu zafi a watan Mayu 1983. Koyaya, a watan Mayu na shekara ta 2018, rikodin Katie ya karya ta hanyar Subtropical Cyclone Lexi, wanda ya kafa kawai 'yan mil ɗari daga bakin tekun [[Chile]], kusa da 80 ° W. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Levi Cowan |date=7 May 2018 |title=Subtropical Cyclone |url=https://twitter.com/tropicaltidbits/status/993568187068362752 |access-date=10 May 2018 |publisher=[[Twitter]]}}</ref><ref name="rare" /> Cyclogenesis na wurare masu zafi yana da matukar wuya a kudu maso gabashin Tekun Pacific saboda yanayin sanyi na teku wanda Humboldt Current ya haifar, rashin rikice-rikice na wurare masu wurare masu zafi, da kuma saboda iska mara kyau. Saboda haka, Cyclone Yaku a watan Maris na shekara ta 2023 shine kawai abin da aka rubuta na guguwa mai zafi da ke tasiri a yammacin [[Amurka ta Kudu|Kudancin Amurka]].<ref name="rare">{{Cite web |last=John Leslie |date=9 May 2018 |title=Rare Subtropical Storm off the Coast of Chile |url=https://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/content/rare-subtropical-storm-coast-chile |access-date=10 May 2018 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref><ref name="extremely rare">{{Cite web |last=Jonathan Belles |date=9 May 2018 |title=Extremely Rare Southeast Pacific Subtropical Cyclone Forms Off the Chilean Coast |url=https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/2018-05-08-subtropical-cyclone-chile |access-date=25 June 2019 |website=weather.com |publisher=[[The Weather Company]]}}</ref><ref name="don't normally">{{Cite web |last=Marshall Shepherd |date=10 May 2018 |title=Subtropical Cyclones Don't Normally Form Near Chile - But One Just Did |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/marshallshepherd/2018/05/10/subtropical-cyclones-dont-form-near-chile-one-just-did-and-why-thats-weird/?sh=1b0e4f1614c2 |access-date=22 February 2021 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Tsarin guguwa na wurare masu zafi a wannan matsanancin ɓangaren kudu maso gabashin Pacific yana da wuya sosai cewa har yanzu ba a sanya hukumomin gargadi a yankin gabashin 120 ° W ba.<ref name="Katie" /> Katie ta samo asali ne a lokacin wani abu mai karfi na El Niño; ruwan da ba daidai ba 1 ° C (1.8 ° F) sama da matsakaici da ƙananan iska a fadin yankin na iya ba da gudummawa ga tsarin da ba a saba gani ba.<ref name="Katie" /> Kodayake halaye da Katie ta lura sun dace da na guguwa mai zafi, cikakken bincike ya nuna cewa guguwar na iya zama ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin guguwa ta wurare masu zafi, a kusa da lokacin da ta fi ƙarfinta.<ref name="2015 climate report">{{Cite journal |last=Blunden, J. |last2=D. S. Arndt |date=October 2016 |title=State of the Climate in 2015 |url=https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00662/77399/ |journal=Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |volume=97 |issue=8 |pages=149–150 |bibcode=2016BAMS...97.....B |doi=10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Bayani == .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:27em}body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:22.5em}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-alpha]{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=upper-roman]{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-alpha]{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-greek]{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .references[data-mw-group=lower-roman]{list-style-type:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-alpha .references{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-upper-roman .references{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-alpha .references{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-greek .references{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output div.reflist-liststyle-lower-roman .references{list-style-type:lower-roman} == Dubi kuma ==  {{Reflist}} * Sauran guguwa na wannan sunan * Guguwar Guguwa ta Ƙananan wurare * Guguwar Humberto * Guguwar Tsakiyar Pacific ta 2006 * Guguwar Subtropical 60W * Guguwar Subtropical 96C * Guguwar Catarina * Guguwar Tropical Rolf * Guguwar Qendresa * Guguwar Numa * Guguwar Ianos * 1996 Guguwar Tafkin Huron * Guguwa mai kama da na Bahar Rum * Guguwar Kudancin Atlantic * 1982-83 Lokacin guguwa ta Kudancin Pacific - Ganin wani mummunan yanayi na wurare masu zafi da ke tasowa a gabashin 120 ° W * Lokacin guguwa ta Kuducin Pacific na 2017-18 * Cyclogenesis na wurare masu zafi * [[El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation]] == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [http://www.australiasevereweather.com/cyclones/2015/trak1504.htm Bayanan da ba na hukuma ba daga Ostiraliya Yanayi Mai tsanani] * [https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/TCP24_RAVOpPlan_Revised_final.pdf Tsarin aiki na Yankin Yankin Yammacin Yammacin Indiya da Yankin Yunin Yammacin Gabas na Indiya: 2014 Edition] 7axeuqo9aif58aqmzax4bmunhdait4t 0 131585 885094 770167 2026-07-20T09:07:30Z BnHamid 12586 885094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Celeste Martins Caeiro''' ( ; 2 ga Mayu 1933 - 15 ga Nuwamba 2024), wanda kuma aka sani da '''Celeste dos Cravos''' ("Celeste na carnations"), ' [[Kwaminisanci|yar kwaminisanci ce]] ta Portugal kuma ma'aikaciyar gidan abinci. Ayyukanta sun haifar da sanya wa juyin mulkin 1974 suna Juyin [[Juyin Juya Halin Carnation|Juya Halin Carnation]] . <ref name="reuters" /> == Rayuwar farko == [[Fayil:Banksy_@_Travessa_do_Judeu_(33513638076)_(2).jpg|right|thumb|An danganta wani zane a [[Lisbon]] da ''adres'' na mai zane-zanen bango na Portugal wanda ke nuna zane-zanen da aka harba daga turmi, wanda ke nuni da juyin juya halin Carnation na 1974.]] An haifi Caeiro a ranar 2 ga Mayu 1933 a Lisbon. [1] [2] Mahaifiyarta, Teodora de Viana Martins Caeiro, ta fito ne daga Galicia, arewacin Spain, kuma ta fara zama a Amareleja sannan ta koma Lisbon, yayin da mahaifin Celeste ya bar iyalin tun tana ƙarama. Lokacin da Caeiro ke da watanni 18, an kwantar da ita a Cibiyar Rana ta Alto do Pina kuma mahaifiyarta tana yawan ziyartarta. Tana da shekaru 14 an mayar da ita Asilo 28 de Maio. Tana da shekaru 20, ta fara karatunta na gaba da reno a Kwalejin Santa Clara de la Casa Pia, amma saboda matsalolin huhu, ba ta taɓa yin wannan sana'a ba. == Juyin Juya Halin Carnation na 1974 == [[Fayil:Franjinhas_Teotónio_Pereira_09900_1.jpg|right|thumb|Ginin Franjinhas a kan Rua Braamcamp]] A shekarar 1974, Caeiro tana aiki a wani gidan cin abinci mai zaman kansa a [[Lisbon]] mai suna "Sir" wanda ke ginin Franjinhas a kan Rua Braamcamp a matsayin mai tsaftace gida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lima Lobo |first=Renata |date=21 March 2020 |title=O edifício Franjinhas vai ficar de cara lavada |url=https://www.timeout.pt/lisboa/pt/noticias/o-edificio-franjinhas-vai-ficar-de-cara-lavada-032120 |website=[[Time Out Group|Time Out]] |language=pt}}</ref> An buɗe gidan cin abinci a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1973 kuma don cika shekaru 100 da kafa shi, a ranar 25 ga Afrilu 1974, masu gidan sun yi shirin raba jajayen carnations ga duk abokan cinikinsa, wanda mai gidan abincin ya saya a filin Ribeira. <ref name="Avante">{{Cite journal |last=Araújo Branco |first=Isabel |date=2000 |title=25 DE ABRIL SEMPRE! – A flor que deu o nome à Revolução: "Um cravo oferece-se a qualquer pessoa" |url=http://www.pcp.pt/avante/1378/7803m4.html |url-status=dead |journal=Avante! |language=pt |issue=1378 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706003437/http://www.pcp.pt/avante/1378/7803m4.html |archive-date=6 July 2013 |access-date=24 April 2013}}</ref> <ref name="sapo1">{{Cite web |last=F. Reis |first=Marta |date=25 April 2019 |title=Celeste, a lisboeta que deu os cravos à revolução |url=https://ionline.sapo.pt/2019/04/25/celeste-a-lisboeta-que-deu-os-cravos-a-revolucao/?seccao=Portugal |publisher=[[SAPO (company)|SAPO]] |language=pt}}</ref> Caeiro ya isa da ƙarfe 9 na safe ba tare da sanin cewa sojoji sun riga sun shirya ba. <ref name="sapo1" /> Dole ne a soke bikin saboda juyin mulkin, don haka aka nemi ma'aikatan su kai carnations gida. <ref name="publico" /> <ref name="Avante" /> <ref name="rtve" /> A ranar 25 ga Agusta 1988, Caeiro ta rasa dukkan kayanta lokacin da gidan da ta yi haya a ginin Armazéns do Chiado ya lalace sakamakon gobara a yankin. Tana zaune ne a kan fansho na Yuro 370 a wani ƙaramin gida mai nisan 'yan mita kaɗan daga Avenida da Liberdade. A shekarar 2024, an shirya biyan kuɗi na jama'a don ba Caeiro damar siyan na'urar ji. Ta kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Portugal . Caeiro ta rasu a ranar 15 ga Nuwamba, 2024, tana da shekaru 91 a Asibitin Leiria saboda matsalolin numfashi. Firayim Minista Luís Montenegro ya yi alhinin mutuwarta, inda ya ce "a cikin wannan lokacin makoki, na bar wa Celeste Caeiro kalmar girmamawa", kuma Shugaba Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa ya bayyana bakin cikinsa kuma ya sanar da cewa za a yi mata ado bayan mutuwarta, yayin da Rundunar Soji ta buga wani sako da ke cewa "Celeste Caeiro, da wata alama mai sauƙi, ta zama alamar wani motsi da ya canza Portugal har abada" kuma "gadon ta zai kasance a raye a tarihi da kuma tunawa da mu duka". Jam'iyyun siyasa ciki har da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Portugal da LIVRE suma sun yi makokin mutuwarta. An yi jana'izar a ranar 17 ga Nuwamba a cocin São José da Anunciada da ke Lisbon, kuma daga baya aka mayar da ita wurin gawarwaki a Alto de São João. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2024]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1933]] i001fmhbsok11rfo41x4bpkyr7tni6k 0 132430 885095 772057 2026-07-20T09:08:04Z BnHamid 12586 885095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Brigitte Harris''' (an haife ta a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1981) mace ce ta Amurka daga Queens, New York, wacce aka yanke mata hukuncin kisa a kisan kai da kuma [[Kashewar zakari|castration]] mahaifinta, Eric Goodridge, a cikin gidan Rockaway . Dukansu Harris da 'yar'uwarta, Carleen Goodridge, sun yi iƙirarin cewa mahaifinsu ya yi musu fyade kuma ya yi musu lalata tun suna yara. Saboda zargin da ta yi mata, Brigitte ta sami goyon baya daga jama'a ciki har da Sanata na Amurka Chuck Schumer da Sanatocin jihar Diane Savino da Eric Adams.<ref name="Aidala Law" /> An yanke wa Harris hukuncin shekaru biyar zuwa goma sha biyar a kurkuku, <ref name="Sexually Abused Killer" /> amma an sake shi bayan ya yi shekaru uku. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Brigitte Harris a ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1981, a Staten Island, New York, ga iyayen baƙi na Liberiya. Ta zauna a wani gida a Park Hill tare da mahaifiyarta har zuwa shekara 2, a wannan lokacin mahaifiyarta ta watsar da ita kuma daga baya ta koma tare da mahaifinta, Eric Goodridge, a Bay Shore, Long Island . Lokacin da mahaifinta daga baya ya koma kasarsa, Brigitte ta koma tare da dangi. Harris ta ba da rahoton cewa kakarta ta yi mata fyade da kuma dan uwanta ya yi mata fyare. A lokacin tafiyar iyali zuwa [[Laberiya]], Harris ta fuskanci mahaifiyarta game da cin zarafin da aka yi wa Eric, amma Eric ya musanta zargin kuma ya yi iƙirarin cewa 'yarsa ba ta da hankali. Harris ya tashi yana da shekaru 17 kuma, a lokacin da lamarin ya faru, yana aiki a matsayin mai tsaro a Filin jirgin saman John F. Kennedy.<ref name="Eric Adams" /> == Laifi == Bayan shekaru da yawa na nisantawa da mahaifinta, 'yar'uwarta, Carleen Goodridge, ta tuntubi Harris, wacce ta yi iƙirarin cewa Eric yana so ya yi magana da su. Lokacin da Harris ta isa, ta ga daya daga cikin 'yan uwanta zaune a kan cinyarsa na Eric, wanda ya haifar da gardama tare da Carleen yana la'akari da cin zarafin da ya yi wa' yan'uwa mata lokacin da suke yara. Eric ya sanar da Harris cewa ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar jikokinsa tare da shi zuwa Laberiya ba tare da son zuciyarsu ba. A ranar 28 ga Yuli, 2007, Harris ta fuskanci Eric a cikin gidansa na Rockaway kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta shawo kansa kada ya dauki 'yan mata. Bayan tattaunawar ta yi zafi, Harris ta ɗaure mahaifinta a kan kujera, ta rufe shi da tawul don hana shi yin ihu, kuma ta kashe shi. Ta kuma yanke azzakarsa ta amfani da scalpel; masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa ya riga ya mutu lokacin da wannan ya faru. Daga baya ta jefa azzakari da aka yanke a ƙarƙashin Rockaway Boardwalk a Far Rockaway . Bayan kiran 9-1-1 kuma ya sanar da mai aiki game da yanayin Eric, Harris ta yi iƙirarin cewa tana kan hanyar zuwa ofishin 'yan sanda, amma ba ta taɓa bayyana ba. Maimakon haka, ta tuntubi Carleen kuma ta gaya mata abin da ta yi; Carleen ta shawarce ta ta zo gidanta maimakon ta juya kanta. Lokacin da Harris ya isa, Carleen ta kira motar asibiti. Bayan ganin Harris tare da scalpel a hannunsa kuma har yanzu suna cikin [[Girgiza (hanzari)|firgici]], 'yan'uwa mata sun yanke shawarar bincika Harris a cikin asibitin asibiti na Jami'ar Richmond. Carleen ta hayar lauyan kare Arthur L. Aidala don wakiltar Harris, wanda daga baya ya gaya masa game da cin zarafin jima'i da ita da 'yar'uwarta suka sha wahala daga Eric. Ta bayyana yadda, a wasu al'adun Afirka, iyaye suna da damar ɗaukar budurcin 'ya'yansu mata: "Ya ce yana yin hakan ne saboda yana ƙaunarta kuma wannan shine yadda iyaye ke nuna ƙauna ga' ya'yansu 'ya'ya mata, in ji Brigitte. Carleen ta yarda cewa Eric ma ya yi mata fyade amma ta ji tsoron faɗin komai. Ta kafa shafin yanar gizon da ake kira savebridget.com don tara kuɗi don kare 'yar'uwarta.<ref name="Save Bridget">{{Cite web |date=2007-08-02 |title=Helping Brigitte Harris: savebridget.com Set up to Raise Funds for Legal Defense |url=http://www.concern-liberians.org/chat_room/view_topic.php?id=35167&forum_id=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402053407/http://www.concern-liberians.org/chat_room/view_topic.php?id=35167&forum_id=1 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |access-date=2013-10-21 |website=Coalition of Concerned Liberians Forum}}</ref> Daga ƙarshe Aidala, lauya mai daraja sosai wanda ke yawan cajin kuɗi, ya yi imani da shari'ar Brigitte Harris sosai har ya ɗauki shi a kan pro bono har ma ya rinjayi masana waɗanda suka ba da shaida a cikin kare ta don su watsar da kudaden su.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 July 2007 |title=Murder-Castration Was Revenge, Cops Think |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/murder-castration-was-revenge-cops-think/ |work=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> === Bincike === Bayan an sallame shi daga asibitin mahaukaci a ranar 16 ga watan Agusta, 2007, an tuhumi Harris da kisan kai na biyu da kisan gilla na farko kuma an gudanar da shi a Tsibirin Rikers . Harris, wacce ta kira kanta "Lady Vengeance" da "The Original Dark Angel" a shafinta na MySpace, <ref name="Dark Angel Charged" /> ta yi iƙirarin cewa ba ta da niyyar Kashewa mahaifinta. "Na ji cewa dole ne in dakatar da shi, "ka cire makaminsa".<ref name="Childhood hell" /> == Shari'a == Shekaru biyu bayan da aka gurfanar da ita saboda kisan kai na biyu, Harris ta je kotu a watan Satumbar 2009. Da yake ba da shaida a cikin kare kanta, Harris ta bayyana cewa ta yi bincike kan shari'ar castration ta 1993 na John da Lorena Bobbitt . [1] Masu gabatar da kara sun ci gaba da cewa ayyukan Harris ga mahaifinta sun nuna ƙaddara.[1] Harris ta yi jayayya cewa dalilin da ya sa ta kashe ba fansa ba ne, amma wani aiki ne don hana Goodridge ya kai jikokin sa zuwa Laberiya kuma mai yiwuwa ya dame su. A ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2009, juriya ta sami Harris da laifin ƙaramin laifin kisan kai na biyu. Wani mai shari'a ya ba da rahoton cewa, "Babu wani daga cikinmu da ya ji cewa ta cancanci samun wani zargi na kisan kai ko wani abu. Don haka muka yanke shawara kan kisan kai na biyu. " Duk da wasiƙun juri, Alkalin Kotun Koli na Queens Arthur Cooperman ya yanke wa Harris hukuncin shekaru biyar zuwa goma sha biyar a kurkuku. Bayan ta yi shekaru uku, an sake ta a ranar 13 ga watan Agusta, 2012. === Sakamakon haka === Harris ta sake jaddada cewa ba ta da niyyar kashe mahaifinta, kuma ta nuna sha'awar yin aiki tare da ƙungiyar masu ba da shawara ta STEPS don kawo ƙarshen tashin hankali na iyali lokacin da aka sake ta daga kurkuku.[1] An bayyana shari'arta a cikin jerin Oxygen Network Snapped a watan Nuwamba 2010. Shirin ya ƙunshi tambayoyi daga Harris, lauyanta, Arthur L. Aidala, da magoya bayanta. Daga baya aka bayyana shari'arta a shirin Binciken Bincike (ID) Mata masu mutuwa a cikin shirin "Haɗari na Iyaye".[2] Har ila yau, an gabatar da shari'arta a cikin shirin TV One Payback, tare da sunan Harris yana aiki a matsayin taken da ake kira na karo na biyu na kakar wasa ta farko. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 393r28plagcm2vmbbmohwxt9t7h7qpv 0 134217 885110 775643 2026-07-20T09:21:25Z BnHamid 12586 885110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Iftikhar-ul-Ḥasan ibn Rauf-ul- Ḥasan Kāndhlawī''' {{Circa}} (10 Janairu 1922 - 2 Yuni 2019) [[Ulama'u|Masanin addinin Musulunci]] ne kuma mai wa'azi. Ya kafa harsashin Idgah na Kandhla a shekara ta 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |title=इस्लामिक धर्म गुरु हजरत मौलाना के निधन से जिले मे शहर शोक की लहर, एसपी शामली पहुंचे कांधला कस्बे, आज होगी अंतिम विदाई |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shamli/155949981914-shamli-news163 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=हजरत साहब ने रखी थी कांधला ईदगाह की नींव |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shamli/hazrat-saahab-ne-rakhi-thi-kaandhala-iddgaah-ki-neev |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> Ya rubuta littattafai sama da arba'in.<ref>{{Cite web |title=हजरत साहब के पैगाम को आगे बढ़ाएगा परिवार |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shamli/hazrat-saahab-ke-paigaam-ko-aage-badaayega-parivaar |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> == Ayyukan wallafe-wallafen == Littattafan Kandhlawi sun hada da:<ref><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="139">[https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/meerut/hazrat-maulana-iftikhar-ul-hassan-death-in-kandhla-shamli "यूपी: 95 वर्षीय हजरत मौलाना इफ्तेखारूल हसन का इंतकाल, जनाजे में उमड़ा जनसैलाब, देखें तस्वीरें"].</span></cite></ref> * ''Aakhirat ki Yaad'' * ''Aamal da Ramazan'' * ''Aashor da Muharramul Haram'' * ''Akser Zikrillah'' * ''Dua Ki Ahmiat'' * ''Fazilat da Alkur'ani'' * ''Haq Taala ke Do Makhsos Inam'' * ''Ilm Kaise Hasil Kiya Jata Hai'' * ''Musulunci Me Amanatdari'' * ''Musulunci aur Musalmano ke Gair ke Sath'' * ''Steghfar ki Haqiqat'' * ''Namaz ki Ahmiyat'' * ''Tafsir-e-Muawwazatin'' * ''Tauon Azab-e-Elahi'' * ''Ulama-e- Islama ka Muttfiqa Faisla'' == Mutuwa == Kandhlawi ya rasu ne a ranar 2 ga watan Yunin 2019, daidai da ranar Musulunci ta 27 Ramadan 1440AH, a garin Kandhla, yana da shekaru 97.[1] Duk kasuwannin birnin sun kasance a rufe saboda alhinin rasuwar malamin. Rahotannin da aka samu daga majiyoyin labarai na cewa, miliyoyin mutane daga yankin Shamli da makwaftan yankin ne suka halarci jana'izar. Musulmi da ma sauran mabiya addinai sun shiga muzaharar[2]. Shugaban ‘yan sandan yankin da ‘yan siyasa ma sun halarci jana’izar. Shirye-shirye na musamman don kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da kuma ɗimbin jama'a da ke cikin jerin gwano da hukumomin yankin suka yi.[3] == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://sw-ke.facebook.com/430824957430191/videos/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%9B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87-%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%9C%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC/2228889847424154/ Bikin jana'izar Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi] * [https://www.patrika.com/muzaffarnagar-news/cheat-with-aap-leader-on-the-name-of-the-islamic-guru-hazrat-maulana-iftikhar-ul-hasan-1621793/ https://www.patrika.com/muzaffarnagar-news/cheat-with-aap-leader-on-the-name-of-the-Islamic-guru-hazrat-maulana-iftikhar-ul-hasan-1621793/] {{Authority control}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2019]] lw3bkkaylnh84ce8jspqbgf25hufol9 0 134514 885221 776168 2026-07-20T11:44:56Z BnHamid 12586 885221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Masanori Tanimoto (Japanese: 谷本 正憲, Hepburn: Tanimoto Masanori; an haife shi 16 ga Afrilu 1945) ɗan siyasan Japan ne wanda ya kasance [[Governor of Japan|gwamna]] Ishikawa Prefecture tsakanin 1994 da 2022, yana aiki sau bakwai a duka.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-12 |title=Masanori Tanimoto rolls to seventh term in Ishikawa gubernatorial election, becoming Japan's longest-serving governor |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/03/12/national/politics-diplomacy/incumbent-tanimoto-wins-seventh-term-ishikawa-prefectures-gubernatorial-election/ |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=Japan Times}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aikin siyasa == An haifi Tanimoto a ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 1945. Ya kammala karatu daga Kwalejin Shari'a ta Jami'ar Kyoto a watan Maris na shekara ta 1968 kuma ya shiga Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida (yanzu wani bangare na Ma'aikatu da Sadarwa) a watan Afrilu. Daga baya ya zama darektan Sashen Harkokin Jama'a na Shimane, Sashen Kudi a ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1975. Ya zama mataimakin magajin gari na Miyazaki City a ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 1982. Ya zama darektan Ofishin Muhalli na Ibaraki Prefecture a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 1986, kuma shugaban sashen Babban Harkokin Ibaraki a ranar 1 de Afrilu, 1988. Ya zama mataimakin gwamnan Ishikawa Prefecture a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1991, a karkashin Yōichi Nakanishi . == Gwamnan Ishikawa Prefecture (1994-2022) == An zaɓe shi a matsayin gwamnan Ishikawa a ranar 27 ga Maris, 1994 bayan mutuwar Nakanishi. <ref name="Asahi1">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2021 |title=谷本・石川知事、知事選不出馬表明 全国最多の7期「一つの区切り」：朝日新聞 |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPCK5W4JPCKPISC016.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725092940/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPCK5W4JPCKPISC016.html |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="JNN">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2023 |title=7期28年 石川の"個性"磨き上げ 谷本正憲前知事に旭日大綬章 {{!}} 石川県のニュース｜MRO北陸放送 (1ページ) |url=https://newsdig.tbs.co.jp/articles/mro/817686?display=1 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[Japan News Network]] |language=ja}}</ref> An sake zaɓe shi a karo na bakwai kuma na ƙarshe, wanda shine mafi rinjaye fiye da kowane gwamna da ke kan mulki a Japan a shekarar 2018, bayan ya kayar da Ogura Emi. <ref name="Nikkei1">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2018 |title=石川知事に谷本氏7選 現職最多 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO27982830R10C18A3PE8000/?n_cid=TPRN0003 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="Nikkei2">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2018 |title=石川県知事7選 多選制限の法制化を 地方政治の活力低下を映す |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO28015050S8A310C1L83000/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Nuwamba, 2021, ya sanar da cewa ba zai tsaya takara a karo na takwas a zaben gwamna na Ishikawa na 2022 ba. Ya yi aiki a matsayin gwamnan lardin Ishikawa na tsawon shekaru 28, <ref name="Asahi2">{{Cite web |date=26 March 2022 |title=28年の谷本県政に幕「文化の集積に磨きをかけた」：朝日新聞 |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASQ3T6TPRQ3TPISC00N.html |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |language=ja}}</ref> <ref name="Asahi1">{{Cite web |date=17 November 2021 |title=谷本・石川知事、知事選不出馬表明 全国最多の7期「一つの区切り」：朝日新聞 |url=https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPCK5W4JPCKPISC016.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230725092940/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPCK5W4JPCKPISC016.html |archive-date=July 25, 2023 |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[The Asahi Shimbun]] |language=ja}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPCK5W4JPCKPISC016.html "谷本・石川知事、知事選不出馬表明 全国最多の7期「一つの区切り」：朝日新聞"]. ''[[The Asahi Shimbun]]'' (in Japanese). November 17, 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230725092940/https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASPCK5W4JPCKPISC016.html Archived] from the original on July 25, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]</ref> shi ne na uku mafi dadewa a aiki ga gwamna <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-12 |title=Masanori Tanimoto rolls to seventh term in Ishikawa gubernatorial election, becoming Japan's longest-serving governor |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/03/12/national/politics-diplomacy/incumbent-tanimoto-wins-seventh-term-ishikawa-prefectures-gubernatorial-election/ |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=Japan Times}}</ref> kuma tare da Nakanishi, su ne kadai gwamnonin Ishikawa na tsawon shekaru 59. <ref name="Nikkei2">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2018 |title=石川県知事7選 多選制限の法制化を 地方政治の活力低下を映す |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO28015050S8A310C1L83000/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=[[The Nikkei]] |language=ja}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKKZO28015050S8A310C1L83000/ "石川県知事7選 多選制限の法制化を 地方政治の活力低下を映す"]. ''[[The Nikkei]]'' (in Japanese). March 13, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2025</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-12 |title=Masanori Tanimoto rolls to seventh term in Ishikawa gubernatorial election, becoming Japan's longest-serving governor |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/03/12/national/politics-diplomacy/incumbent-tanimoto-wins-seventh-term-ishikawa-prefectures-gubernatorial-election/ |access-date=2021-06-26 |website=Japan Times}}</ref> ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1945]] 5z3dyhmkxlz3m68htbqazm6ot8mqmpq 0 134669 885086 776476 2026-07-20T09:02:55Z BnHamid 12586 885086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rashid Ul Haq Haqqani''' (Urdu) [[Ulama'u|Masanin addinin Musulunci]] ne na Pakistan, wanda ke aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Shugaban [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 March 2025 |title=Maulana Rashid ul-Haq becomes deputy head of Darul Uloom Haqqania, succeeding his martyr brother |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2531674/maulana-rashid-ul-haq-succeeds-martyred-brother-as-deputy-head-of-darul-uloom-haqqania |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 March 2025 |title=Maulana Rashid ul-Haq becomes deputy head of Darul Uloom Haqqania, succeeding his martyr brother |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2531674/maulana-rashid-ul-haq-succeeds-martyred-brother-as-deputy-head-of-darul-uloom-haqqania |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2025 |title=Senator Irfan Siddiqui visits Darul Uloom Haqqania, offers condolences on martyrdom of Maulana Hamid ul Haq |url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/senator-irfan-siddiqui-visits-darul-uloom-haqqania-offers-condolences-on-martyrdom-of-maulana-hamid-ul-haq/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2025 |title=PM's aide, PML-N leader Saad Rafiq visit Jamia Haqqania to offer condolences |url=https://www.app.com.pk/domestic/pms-aide-pml-n-leader-saad-rafiq-visit-jamia-haqqania-to-offer-condolences/ |access-date=12 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=1 June 2024 |title=Indonesian Embassy's Representatives Visit Jamia Dar-ul-Uloom Haqqania to Share Indonesia's Experience in Managing Pluralism |url=https://pakistanintheworld.pk/live/indonesian-embassys-representatives-visit-jamia-dar-ul-uloom-haqqania-to-share-indonesias-experience-in-managing-pluralism/ |access-date=2 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2025 |title=Imam-e-Kaba, Arab leaders, political and religious leaders condole death of Maulana Hamidul Haq |url=https://newsman.pk/imran-e-kaba-arabia-leaders-political-and-religious-leaders-condole-death-of-maulana-hamidul-haq-leaders/amp/ |access-date=5 January 2026 |website=Newsman |language=en}}</ref> Shi ɗan Sami-ul-Haq ne, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 March 2025 |title=Maulana Rashid ul-Haq becomes deputy head of Darul Uloom Haqqania, succeeding his martyr brother |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2531674/maulana-rashid-ul-haq-succeeds-martyred-brother-as-deputy-head-of-darul-uloom-haqqania |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 March 2025 |title=Maulana Rashid ul-Haq becomes deputy head of Darul Uloom Haqqania, succeeding his martyr brother |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2531674/maulana-rashid-ul-haq-succeeds-martyred-brother-as-deputy-head-of-darul-uloom-haqqania |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2025 |title=Senator Irfan Siddiqui visits Darul Uloom Haqqania, offers condolences on martyrdom of Maulana Hamid ul Haq |url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/senator-irfan-siddiqui-visits-darul-uloom-haqqania-offers-condolences-on-martyrdom-of-maulana-hamid-ul-haq/ |access-date=5 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> jikan Abdul Haq Akorwi, ɗan'uwan Anwar-ul-Saq Haqqani, <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 March 2025 |title=Maulana Rashid ul-Haq becomes deputy head of Darul Uloom Haqqania, succeeding his martyr brother |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2531674/maulana-rashid-ul-haq-succeeds-martyred-brother-as-deputy-head-of-darul-uloom-haqqania |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> ɗan'uwan Hamid Ul Haq Haqqani <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 March 2025 |title=PM's aide, PML-N leader Saad Rafiq visit Jamia Haqqania to offer condolences |url=https://www.app.com.pk/domestic/pms-aide-pml-n-leader-saad-rafiq-visit-jamia-haqqania-to-offer-condolences/ |access-date=12 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=1 June 2024 |title=Indonesian Embassy's Representatives Visit Jamia Dar-ul-Uloom Haqqania to Share Indonesia's Experience in Managing Pluralism |url=https://pakistanintheworld.pk/live/indonesian-embassys-representatives-visit-jamia-dar-ul-uloom-haqqania-to-share-indonesias-experience-in-managing-pluralism/ |access-date=2 December 2025 |language=en}}</ref> kuma kawun Abdul Haq Sani Ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]] bayan kisan dan uwansa, Hamid Ul Haq Haqqani a wani harin bam a shekarar 2025.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1 March 2025 |title=Maulana Rashid ul-Haq becomes deputy head of Darul Uloom Haqqania, succeeding his martyr brother |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2531674/maulana-rashid-ul-haq-succeeds-martyred-brother-as-deputy-head-of-darul-uloom-haqqania |access-date=1 March 2025 |website=The Express Tribune |language=en}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Jerin Deobandis == Bayanan da aka ambata == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] m5g782qpxnzqt6kpht9rzxgoq6aqq5m 0 134850 885111 776805 2026-07-20T09:22:00Z BnHamid 12586 885111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''João Rodrigues na Castelo Branco''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Amato Lusitano''' da '''Amatus Lusitanus''' (1511-1568), sanannen likita [[Yahudawa]] ne na Portugal na karni na 16. Kamar Herophilus, Galen, Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, Realdo Colombo da William Harvey, an yaba shi da yin binciken a cikin yaduwar jini. An ce ya gano aikin bawul a cikin yaduwar jini. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:In_Dioscorides_Enarationes,_Amatus_Lusitanus.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Shafin daga In Dioscorides Enarationes''A cikin Dioscorides Enarationes'']] An haifi Lusitano a shekara ta 1511 a [[Portugal]]" id="mwHg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Castelo Branco, [[Portugal]]">Castelo Branco, Portugal . Ya kasance zuriyar dangin Marrano da ake kira ''Chabib'' (= ''Amatus'', "ƙaunatacce" a cikin Latin), kuma an haife shi cikin bangaskiyar [[Yahudawa]]. Bayan kammala karatunsa tare da girmamawa a matsayin MD daga Jami'ar Salamanca, bai iya komawa Portugal ba saboda tsoron Inquisition. Ya tafi [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] na wani lokaci sannan ya yi tafiya ta [[Holand|Netherlands]] da [[Faransa]], a ƙarshe ya zauna a [[Italiya]]. Sunansa a matsayin daya daga cikin likitoci masu ƙwarewa na lokacinsa ya riga shi a can, kuma a lokacin da ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a [[Venezia|Venice]], inda ya sadu da likita da masanin falsafa Jacob Mantino, ya halarci 'yar uwar Paparoma Julius III da sauran fitattun mutane. A shekara ta 1546, Amato ya kasance a Ferrara, a Jami'ar da ya koyar da ilimin jikin mutum a matsayin mataimakin likita Giambattista Canano kuma ya ba da laccoci game da tsire-tsire na magani. A lokacin wani lacca, ya rarraba gawawwaki goma sha biyu - babban sabon abu a wannan lokacin - a gaban masana da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai masanin ilimin jikin mutum Jean Baptiste Cananus, wanda ta hanyar kwarewarsa a wannan lokacin an ba shi kyauta ba daidai ba tare da gano aikin bawul a cikin zagayawar jini. A lokacin zamansa a Ferrara, wanda ya dauki shekaru shida, Amatus Lusitanus ya karbi gayyata daga Sarkin Poland don matsawa zuwa wannan ƙasar, wanda ya ƙi, ya fi son zama a Ancona, inda haƙuri na addini ya kasance. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Nt-amato-lusitano.jpg|thumb|Siffar Amato Lusitano a garinsu Castelo Branco .]] Ya gano yaduwar jini, kuma ta hanyar dissections na jijiyar Azygos, shi ne na farko da ya lura da kuma hasashe game da bawul ɗin da aka samu a can. Wannan binciken ya saba wa imani na al'ada na lokacin cewa jini yana gudana daga zuciya ta hanyar jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi. A bayyane yake cewa wannan ra'ayi ya goyi bayan gaskiyar cewa cibiyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi ta zama mai ƙanƙanta da ƙanƙara yayin da suke nesa da zuciya. An kuma ɗauka cewa hanyoyin sadarwar ba su da alaƙa, don haka jini ba zai iya wucewa daga wannan hanyar sadarwa zuwa ɗayan ba. (Ba a riga an ƙirƙiri microscope ba, don haka mutum ba zai iya duba jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ba tare da taimako ba.) Dokta Amatus Lusitanus ya bayyana a cikin Centuria I, sakin layi (Curatio) 513, yadda, a cikin 1547, ya yi gwaji a gaban wasu malamai daga Jami'ar Ferrara. Ya hura iska zuwa ƙananan ɓangaren azygos, kuma ya nuna cewa vena cava ba zai kumbura ba. Ba zai yiwu iska ta tsere ba saboda bawul ko operculum da aka ambata. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa idan iska ba za ta iya wucewa daga azygos zuwa cikin vena cava ba, tabbas ne cewa jini, wanda ya fi iska kauri, ba zai iya gudana ba. A cikin masu sauraro akwai "mai ban sha'awa" Giambattista Canano, wanda aka ba da gano bawul ɗin daga baya ta kuskure. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g3lrwu1cxhj9xsrosxaiw4u6y2ueqm0 885112 885111 2026-07-20T09:24:07Z BnHamid 12586 Added external links 885112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''João Rodrigues na Castelo Branco''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Amato Lusitano''' da '''Amatus Lusitanus''' (1511-1568), sanannen likita [[Yahudawa]] ne na Portugal na karni na 16. Kamar Herophilus, Galen, Ibn al-Nafis, Michael Servetus, Realdo Colombo da William Harvey, an yaba shi da yin binciken a cikin yaduwar jini. An ce ya gano aikin bawul a cikin yaduwar jini. == Rayuwa == [[Fayil:In_Dioscorides_Enarationes,_Amatus_Lusitanus.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px|Shafin daga In Dioscorides Enarationes''A cikin Dioscorides Enarationes'']] An haifi Lusitano a shekara ta 1511 a Castelo Branco, Portugal . Ya kasance zuriyar dangin Marrano da ake kira ''Chabib'' (= ''Amatus'', "ƙaunatacce" a cikin Latin), kuma an haife shi cikin bangaskiyar [[Yahudawa]]. Bayan kammala karatunsa tare da girmamawa a matsayin MD daga Jami'ar Salamanca, bai iya komawa Portugal ba saboda tsoron Inquisition. Ya tafi [[Birnin Antwerp|Antwerp]] na wani lokaci sannan ya yi tafiya ta [[Holand|Netherlands]] da [[Faransa]], a ƙarshe ya zauna a [[Italiya]]. Sunansa a matsayin daya daga cikin likitoci masu ƙwarewa na lokacinsa ya riga shi a can, kuma a lokacin da ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a [[Venezia|Venice]], inda ya sadu da likita da masanin falsafa Jacob Mantino, ya halarci 'yar uwar Paparoma Julius III da sauran fitattun mutane. A shekara ta 1546, Amato ya kasance a Ferrara, a Jami'ar da ya koyar da ilimin jikin mutum a matsayin mataimakin likita Giambattista Canano kuma ya ba da laccoci game da tsire-tsire na magani. A lokacin wani lacca, ya rarraba gawawwaki goma sha biyu - babban sabon abu a wannan lokacin - a gaban masana da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai masanin ilimin jikin mutum Jean Baptiste Cananus, wanda ta hanyar kwarewarsa a wannan lokacin an ba shi kyauta ba daidai ba tare da gano aikin bawul a cikin zagayawar jini. A lokacin zamansa a Ferrara, wanda ya dauki shekaru shida, Amatus Lusitanus ya karbi gayyata daga Sarkin Poland don matsawa zuwa wannan ƙasar, wanda ya ƙi, ya fi son zama a Ancona, inda haƙuri na addini ya kasance. == Ayyuka == [[Fayil:Nt-amato-lusitano.jpg|thumb|Siffar Amato Lusitano a garinsu Castelo Branco .]] Ya gano yaduwar jini, kuma ta hanyar dissections na jijiyar Azygos, shi ne na farko da ya lura da kuma hasashe game da bawul ɗin da aka samu a can. Wannan binciken ya saba wa imani na al'ada na lokacin cewa jini yana gudana daga zuciya ta hanyar jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi. A bayyane yake cewa wannan ra'ayi ya goyi bayan gaskiyar cewa cibiyar sadarwa ta jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi ta zama mai ƙanƙanta da ƙanƙara yayin da suke nesa da zuciya. An kuma ɗauka cewa hanyoyin sadarwar ba su da alaƙa, don haka jini ba zai iya wucewa daga wannan hanyar sadarwa zuwa ɗayan ba. (Ba a riga an ƙirƙiri microscope ba, don haka mutum ba zai iya duba jijiyoyin jijiyoyi ba tare da taimako ba.) Dokta Amatus Lusitanus ya bayyana a cikin Centuria I, sakin layi (Curatio) 513, yadda, a cikin 1547, ya yi gwaji a gaban wasu malamai daga Jami'ar Ferrara. Ya hura iska zuwa ƙananan ɓangaren azygos, kuma ya nuna cewa vena cava ba zai kumbura ba. Ba zai yiwu iska ta tsere ba saboda bawul ko operculum da aka ambata. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa idan iska ba za ta iya wucewa daga azygos zuwa cikin vena cava ba, tabbas ne cewa jini, wanda ya fi iska kauri, ba zai iya gudana ba. A cikin masu sauraro akwai "mai ban sha'awa" Giambattista Canano, wanda aka ba da gano bawul ɗin daga baya ta kuskure. == Manazarta == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130403121512/http://www.cryptojews.com/Amatus%20Lusitanus.htm Amatus Lusitanus discovered valves in veins and arteries; by David Hashavit], citation: "There's a reasonable basis to assume that it was Dr. Amatus who first discovered the "Blood circulation" phenomena." * Harry Friedenwald: ''Amatus Lusitanus''. In: Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, vol. 5, no. 7, July 1937, p.&nbsp;603-653 *[[Johann Christoph Wolf|Wolf, Johann Christoph]], ''Bibliotheca Hebræa'' i. 200 *[[Eliakim Carmoly|Carmoly, Eliakim]], in ''Revue Orientale'', ii. 200 *David, Ernest, in ''Archives Israélites'', 1880 *''Allg. Zeit. des Jud.'' 1880, pp.&nbsp;668, 684, 749 *[[Moritz Steinschneider|Steinschneider, Moritz]], ''Die Hebräischen Übersetzungen'' p.&nbsp;686; *[[Hermann Vogelstein]] and [[Paul Rieger]], ''Geschichte der Juden in Rom'', ii. 256 ==Hanyoyin haɗi na waje== *{{in lang|pt}} [http://www.arlindo-correia.org/090506.html Short biography] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lusitano, Amatus}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] a4qq4gdugitwp6ijp3ake8ay5tk96ox 0 134955 885099 777030 2026-07-20T09:10:15Z BnHamid 12586 885099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zvi Kolitz''' (Ibraniyawa; 14 ga Disamba, 1912 - 29 ga Satumba, 2002) ya kasance fim din Yahudawa da aka haifa a Lithuania kuma mai shirya wasan kwaikwayo kuma marubuci wanda ɗan gajeren labarinsa Yosl Rakover Talks to God ya zama classic na wallafe-wallafen Holocaust . == Rayuwa == Zvi Kolitz, ɗan sanannen iyalin malamai, an haife shi a Alytus, [[Lithuania]] . Ya yi karatu a Yeshiva na Slobodka da ke kusa sannan ya zauna shekaru da yawa a Italiya, inda ya halarci Jami'ar Florence da Kwalejin Sojan Ruwa a Civitavecchia . Ya yi hijira zuwa [[Falasdinu]] a 1936 kuma ya jagoranci kokarin daukar ma'aikata ga ƙungiyar Zionist Revisionist. 'Yan Burtaniya sun kama shi kuma sun tsare shi saboda ayyukansa na siyasa. Bayan samun 'yancin Isra'ila a 1948, Kolitz ya zama mai aiki a rayuwar wallafe-wallafen da al'adu ta jihar. A shekara ta 2002, Kolitz ya mutu ne sakamakon halitta a New York, NY.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oliver |first=Myrna |date=October 29, 2009 |title=Zvi Kolitz, 89; Produced Israel's First Film, Wrote Fictional Holocaust Story |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-oct-09-me-kolitz9-story.html |access-date=20 August 2013 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> == ''Yosl Rakover Yana Magana da Allah'' == Kolitz an fi saninsa da Yosl Rakover Talks to God, wani ɗan gajeren labari da ya rubuta a 1946 don jaridar Yahudawa a [[Buenos Aires]]. A cikin labarin, wanda aka kafa a kwanakin ƙarshe na Warsaw Ghetto, wani Bayahude mai ibada ya kalubalanci Allah. Don haka, Allahna, kafin na mutu, an 'yantar da shi daga dukkan tsoro, fiye da duk tsoro, a cikin cikakkiyar zaman lafiya da amincewa ta ciki, zan ba kaina damar kiran kai ka lissafa a karo na karshe a rayuwata, Rakover ya ce, daga baya na yi imani da Allah na Isra'ila, koda kuwa ya yi komai don ya sa ni daina gaskata da shi.''Na yi imani da Allah na Isra'ila, koda lokacin da ya yi komai don ya sa ni daina gaskata da shi.'' Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan an buga shi, an fassara labarin zuwa [[Turanci]] da [[Ibrananci]] amma ba tare da sunan Kolitz a matsayin marubucin ba. An ba da shi a matsayin ainihin shaidar Warsaw Ghetto kuma ya ƙare a cikin litattafan Holocaust da yawa har ma a matsayin tunani a cikin littattafan addu'o'in Yahudawa. Shekaru da yawa kafin Kolitz ya sami damar sake dawo da labarinsa kuma ya yi ikirarin cewa nasa ne. Daga baya aka fassara shi a ƙarƙashin sunansa a cikin bugu a cikin yaren Polish, Faransanci, Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Mutanen Espanya, Danish da Yaren mutanen Sweden. A cikin 1999, Littattafan Pantheon sun buga labarin a cikin wani karamin girma tare da kalmomin da [[Paul Badde]], Emmanuel Levinas da Leon Wieseltier suka yi. Dokta Levinas ya kira shi ''rubutu mai kyau da gaskiya, gaskiya kamar yadda kawai fiction zai iya zama.'' == Sauran ayyukan == Yayinda yake zaune a Isra'ila a farkon shekarun 1950, Kolitz ya kasance marubuci da kuma mai samar da Hill 24 Doesn't Answer (1954), fim din yaƙi na Falasdinu na 1947-1949, wanda shine fim din motsi na farko na Isra'ila. Daga baya ya koma Amurka kuma ya kasance mai samar da Rolf Hochhuth's The Deputy, daya daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo na farko da ya kalubalanci Shiru na Vatican a lokacin Holocaust, wanda ya gudana a Broadway, a cikin babban gardama, na watanni tara a 1964. Kolitz ya kasance mai samar da wasu shirye-shiryen Broadway da yawa, ciki har da The ''[[The Megilla of Itzik Manger|Megilla na Itzik Manger]]'' (1968), da kuma kiɗa, ''Ni Solomon ne'', mai tsada wanda ya gudana don wasanni bakwai a shekarar 1968. Kolitz ya kuma rubuta littattafai da yawa na fiction da falsafar Yahudawa, gami da The Tiger Beneath the Skin: Stories and Parables of the Years of Death (Creative Age Press, 1947), Survival for What? (The Philosophical Library, 1969), Malami: Hanyar Rayuwa ga Littafi Mai-Tsarki (Jason Aronson, 1982) da Tattaunawa: Tunanin Rayuwa na Rabbi J. B. Soloveitchik (Ktav, 1993). Har zuwa 'yan makonni kafin mutuwarsa, Kolitz ya rubuta wani shafi na mako-mako don jaridar Yiddish Algemeiner Journal . Wannan shafi ya bayyana a ƙarƙashin sunansa na tsawon shekaru 32. Ya kuma koyar da darussan tunanin Yahudawa na shekaru da yawa a Jami'ar Yeshiva. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 2002]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1912]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] p7vcatm06ljlt5gp2xvyh5hn7i1ooyv 0 135489 885113 778000 2026-07-20T09:24:48Z BnHamid 12586 885113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Maria Desylla-Kapodistria {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898]] 4sx6pdp6q7n6gzv76owkjkllari28ml 885114 885113 2026-07-20T09:27:09Z BnHamid 12586 885114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Maria Desylla-Kapodistria (Girkanci: Μαρία Δεσύλλα Καποδίστρια, 1898-1980) ita ce magajin garin Corfu daga 1956 har zuwa 1959. Zabenta a matsayin magajin gari a ranar 15 ga Afrilu ya yi silar kasancewarta mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a wannan matsayi na magajiyar garin a ranar 15 ga Afrilu. {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898]] 2kohaevy6lqqk5er81dx2evrfdc1s1i 885115 885114 2026-07-20T09:31:44Z BnHamid 12586 885115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Maria Desylla-Kapodistria (Girkanci: Μαρία Δεσύλλα Καποδίστρια, 1898-1980) ita ce magajin garin Corfu daga 1956 har zuwa 1959. Zabenta a matsayin magajin gari a ranar 15 ga Afrilu ya yi silar kasancewarta mace ta farko da aka zaɓa a matsayin magajiyar gari a zamanin Girka ta yau.<ref name="allcorfu">{{cite web|url=http://www.allcorfu.com/in-trivia.html|title=Corfu Trivia|publisher=allcorfu.com|accessdate=2015-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Municipality of Corfu |url=http://www.corfu.gr/en/proties/desila.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041015102214/http://www.corfu.gr/en/proties/desila.htm |archive-date=15 October 2004 |website=corfu.gr}}</ref> {{Stub}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1980]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1898]] 2ab19f3itxdvtbzknlcbd5dg16cazex 0 136407 884901 779615 2026-07-19T12:43:32Z Pharouqenr 25549 884901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William J. Gordy''' (18 ga Mayu, 1910 - 19 ga Agusta, 1993 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gordy's Obituary on GenealogyBank.com |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/ssdi/news/v1%3A112F62FFAE26AE98 |website=GenealogyBank.com}}</ref> ) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai ginin tukwane da ke zaune a Cartersville, [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinsa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Gordy a Aberdeen, Georgia a shekarar 1910. Mahaifinsa maginin tukwane ne wanda ke da nasa kasuwancin a Alvaton, Georgia . [undefined] Ya koyi yin tukwane ta hanyar kallon mutanen da mahaifinsa ya yi hayar su daga ko'ina cikin Amurka yayin da suke yin man shanu, tukwane, tukwane da tukwane. Ya bar shagon mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a kasuwancin tukwane da dama a North Carolina da Georgia, yana gani da koyon sabbin dabaru. Ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai lalata a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma yana jin daɗin tafiya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban da kuma ganin tukwane na gida. Gordy ya auri Jewell Gordy kuma tare, suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ya buɗe ɗakin studio nasa tukwane a shekarar 1935, a Cartersville, inda yake yin tukwane yayin da matarsa ke gudanar da kasuwanci da tallace-tallace. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta Southern Highland, kuma ya kasance malami a Makarantar Jama'a ta John C. Campbell da ke Brasstown, North Carolina . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] e3an4g2nqmm4rt8xulonz0qwkz17pw1 884902 884901 2026-07-19T12:43:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 884902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William J. Gordy''' (18 ga Mayu, 1910 - 19 ga Agusta, 1993 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gordy's Obituary on GenealogyBank.com |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/ssdi/news/v1%3A112F62FFAE26AE98 |website=GenealogyBank.com}}</ref> ) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai ginin tukwane da ke zaune a Cartersville, [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinsa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Gordy a Aberdeen, Georgia a shekarar 1910. Mahaifinsa maginin tukwane ne wanda ke da nasa kasuwancin a Alvaton, Georgia. Ya koyi yin tukwane ta hanyar kallon mutanen da mahaifinsa ya yi hayar su daga ko'ina cikin Amurka yayin da suke yin man shanu, tukwane, tukwane da tukwane. Ya bar shagon mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a kasuwancin tukwane da dama a North Carolina da Georgia, yana gani da koyon sabbin dabaru. Ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai lalata a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma yana jin daɗin tafiya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban da kuma ganin tukwane na gida. Gordy ya auri Jewell Gordy kuma tare, suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ya buɗe ɗakin studio nasa tukwane a shekarar 1935, a Cartersville, inda yake yin tukwane yayin da matarsa ke gudanar da kasuwanci da tallace-tallace. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta Southern Highland, kuma ya kasance malami a Makarantar Jama'a ta John C. Campbell da ke Brasstown, North Carolina . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] d4fs0c34go329w078okym1gpdvem8pw 884903 884902 2026-07-19T12:44:12Z Pharouqenr 25549 884903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William J. Gordy''' (18 ga Mayu, 1910 - 19 ga Agusta, 1993 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gordy's Obituary on GenealogyBank.com |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/ssdi/news/v1%3A112F62FFAE26AE98 |website=GenealogyBank.com}}</ref> ) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai ginin tukwane da ke zaune a Cartersville, [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinsa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Gordy a Aberdeen, Georgia a shekarar 1910. Mahaifinsa maginin tukwane ne wanda ke da nasa kasuwancin a Alvaton, Georgia. Ya koyi yin tukwane ta hanyar kallon mutanen da mahaifinsa ya yi hayar su daga ko'ina cikin Amurka yayin da suke yin man shanu, tukwane, tukwane da tukwane. Ya bar shagon mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a kasuwancin tukwane da dama a North Carolina da Georgia, yana gani da koyon sabbin dabaru. Ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai lalata a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma yana jin daɗin tafiya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban da kuma ganin tukwane na gida. Gordy ya auri Jewell Gordy kuma tare, suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ya buɗe ɗakin studio nasa tukwane a shekarar 1935, a Cartersville, inda yake yin tukwane yayin da matarsa ke gudanar da kasuwanci da tallace-tallace. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta Southern Highland, kuma ya kasance malami a Makarantar Jama'a ta John C. Campbell da ke Brasstown, North Carolina . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] je8eny958yza8c993iv9kyyqeizd7kn 884904 884903 2026-07-19T12:44:33Z Pharouqenr 25549 884904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William J. Gordy''' (18 ga Mayu, 1910 - 19 ga Agusta, 1993 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gordy's Obituary on GenealogyBank.com |url=https://www.genealogybank.com/doc/ssdi/news/v1%3A112F62FFAE26AE98 |website=GenealogyBank.com}}</ref> ) wani ɗan ƙasar Amurka ne mai ginin tukwane da ke zaune a Cartersville, [[Georgia (Tarayyar Amurka)|Georgia]], wanda ya lashe kyaututtuka da dama saboda aikinsa. == Tarihin Rayuwa == An haifi Gordy a Aberdeen, Georgia a shekarar 1910. Mahaifinsa maginin tukwane ne wanda ke da nasa kasuwancin a Alvaton, Georgia. Ya koyi yin tukwane ta hanyar kallon mutanen da mahaifinsa ya yi hayar su daga ko'ina cikin Amurka yayin da suke yin man shanu, tukwane, tukwane da tukwane. Ya bar shagon mahaifinsa ya yi aiki a kasuwancin tukwane da dama a North Carolina da Georgia, yana gani da koyon sabbin dabaru. Ya yi aiki a cikin jirgin ruwa mai lalata a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kuma yana jin daɗin tafiya zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa daban-daban da kuma ganin tukwane na gida. Gordy ya auri Jewell Gordy kuma tare, suna da 'ya'ya mata uku da 'ya'ya maza biyu. Ya buɗe ɗakin studio nasa tukwane a shekarar 1935, a Cartersville, inda yake yin tukwane yayin da matarsa ke gudanar da kasuwanci da tallace-tallace. Ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar fasaha ta Southern Highland, kuma ya kasance malami a Makarantar Jama'a ta John C. Campbell da ke Brasstown, North Carolina. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1993]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1910]] 1romre4tohcly58ppf992iz2r6qysf5 0 136557 885089 779829 2026-07-20T09:04:08Z BnHamid 12586 885089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bakht-ur-Rehman Sharafat''' ɗan siyasan Taliban ne na Afghanistan wanda ke aiki a matsayin shugaban gwamnatin jirgin ƙasa tun daga ranar 14 ga Maris 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2022 |title=جمهور - تعیینات جدید از سوی رهبر طالبان انجام شد |url=http://jomhornews.com/fa/news/148732/}}</ref> Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin Mataimakin Ministan Gudanarwa da Kudi a Ma'aikatar Ayyukan Jama'a <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2021 |title=د ټولګټو وزارت سرپرست: طالبان د هېواد بیارغونې ته ژمن دي |url=https://www.etilaatroz.com/ps/2021/08/21/acting-minister-of-public-works-the-taliban-are-committed-to-rebuilding-the-country/}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] hk1o4n2y95u1rnhwxruuk4mfazdu3pl 0 136891 885239 780376 2026-07-20T11:53:08Z BnHamid 12586 885239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christodoulos''' (17 Janairu 1939 - 28 Janairu 2008) ([[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]]: , an haife shi '''Christos Paraskevaidis''', ''Χρήστος Παρασκευαΐδης'') ya kasance Babban bishop na Athens da Duk Girka kuma saboda haka shugaban Cocin Orthodox na Girka, daga 1998 har zuwa mutuwarsa, a 2008. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == An haifi Christodoulos a Xanthi, Thrace, Arewacin Girka a shekara ta 1939. Sunansa na farar hula shine Christos Paraskevaidis . <ref name="ReutersChristodoulos" /> Lokacin da yake dan shekara biyu, iyalinsa sun koma Athens don tserewa daga mamayar Jamus da Bulgarian a yankin a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu . Mahaifinsa daga baya ya koma Xanthi bayan yakin kuma ya yi nasara a matsayin magajin gari. Christodoulos ya halarci makarantar sakandare a Roman Katolika Marist Leonteion Lyceum na Athens . Daga nan ya yi karatun shari'a a Jami'ar Athens, ya kammala a 1962, bayan an naɗa shi mai hidima a Cocin Orthodox a 1961. Ya kuma halarci makarantar digiri a Jami'ar Athens don digiri a fannin tauhidi. An naɗa Christodoulos firist a shekarar 1965 kuma ya kammala karatu daga Makarantar tauhidin a shekarar 1967. Ya yi aiki a matsayin firist na Ikklisiya a Palaio Faliro, wani yanki na Athens, tsakanin 1965 da 1974. A wannan lokacin ya kuma zama Babban Sakataren Majalisar Dattijai Mai Tsarki na Cocin Girka. A shekara ta 1974, an zabe shi bishop na Demetriyas a Volos, Thessaly, mukamin da ya rike har zuwa lokacin da aka zabe shi a matsayin Archbishop na Athens a shekara ta 1998. Christodoulos ya kasance Dokta na tauhidin, yana da digiri a Faransanci da Ingilishi, kuma yana magana da Italiyanci da Jamusanci. Shi ne marubucin littattafan tauhidi da yawa kuma ya sami Dokta na girmamawa daga Jami'ar Craiova da Jami'ar Iasi . Saboda Christodoulos ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Katolika, ya ji a bude don tattaunawa tsakanin cocin Orthodox da Katolika bayan sun sami gwagwarmaya a bangarorin biyu. == Matsayi a matsayin Babban Bishop == Christodoulos ya gaji Archbishop Seraphim zuwa wurin zama na Prelate na cocin Girka a shekarar 1998. <ref name="ReutersChristodoulos" /> A shekara 59 da haihuwa, shi ne mafi ƙanƙanta Archbishop da ya jagoranci Cocin Girka. Manyan abokan hamayyarsa a cikin kuri'un sune Metropolitan Anthimos na Alexandroupolis da Metropolitan Ieronymos na Thebes . Wannan na ƙarshe zai gaji shi a cikin 2008. Da yake tallafawa ayyukan zamantakewar Ikilisiya da ke akwai, ya ƙaddamar da sabbin ayyuka don fuskantar batutuwan zamantakewa kamar jin daɗin masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi da baƙi, tallafi ga uwaye marasa aure da mata masu cin zarafi, kula da wadanda ke fama da fataucin mutane, kafa jerin wuraren kula da yara da makarantun jarirai, taimakon da aka ba wa iyalai matalauta da iyalai da yara da yawa. Ya kuma kafa "Solidarity", wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Ikilisiyar Girka, wacce ta ba da damar shiga tsakani na Ikilisiya a matakin kasa da kasa a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, Asiya, da Gabashin Turai. "Solidarity" ya haifar da rikice-rikice da yawa, kamar shari'ar inda ta karbi Yuro miliyan 5.6 daga Jihar Girka don aika taimakon jin kai zuwa Iraki. Maimakon haka, "Solidarity" kawai ya kashe Yuro dubu 740 don sayen abinci, wanda ya ajiye a cikin ɗakunan ajiya ba tare da aika shi zuwa Iraki ba, kuma ya ajiye sauran a cikin asusun banki. Bayan mutuwar Archbishop Christodoulos, Cocin Girka ya fara bincike kan ayyukan kudi na "Solidarity" kuma ya sami manyan rashin daidaito. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1939]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5x7w2mujq5th9im0rkyj40uo06tuo34 0 137208 885238 781079 2026-07-20T11:52:35Z BnHamid 12586 885238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Eugene Lee-Hamilton''' (6 ga Janairu 1845 - 9 ga Satumba 1907) mawaƙin Ingilishi ne [[Zamanin Victorian|na Victoria]] . Ayyukansa sun haɗa da wasu fitattun [[Sonnet|waƙoƙin sonnets]] a cikin salon Petrarch . Ya ba da kyautar adabi da Kwalejin Oriel da ke [[Jami'ar Oxford]] ke gudanarwa, inda yake ɗalibi. Kyautar a buɗe take ga ɗaliban Oxford da na Jami'ar Cambridge kuma har zuwa yau. == Rayuwa da ayyuka == An haifi Eugene Lee-Hamilton a Landan a ranar 6 ga Janairu 1845; iyayensa sune James Lee-Hamilton, wanda ya mutu a 1852, da Matilda (ɗan Abadam, daga baya Paget) (1815–1896), 'yar Edward Hamlyn Adams . Yana da ƙanwarsa Violet Paget, wacce ta rubuta a matsayin Vernon Lee. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paget, Violet [pseud. Vernon Lee] (1856–1935), art historian and writer |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-35361 |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/35361}}</ref> 'Yar uwa ce ta uwa Alice Abadam, 'yar Birtaniya mai ra'ayin mazan jiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abadam, Alice (1856–1940), suffrage activist and women’s rights campaigner |url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-112786 |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |language=en |doi=10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.112786}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-01 |title=“Violet Paget’s Cousin: Alice Abadam, an Active Suffragist”, by Jill Davies |url=https://thesibylblog.com/violet-pagets-cousin-alice-abadam-an-active-suffragist-by-jill-davies/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=The Sibyl, A Journal of Vernon Lee Studies |language=en-GB}}</ref> Lee-Hamilton ya yi karatu ne musamman a Faransa da Jamus. A shekarar 1864 aka tura shi Jami'ar Oxford . A shekarar 1869 ya shiga aikin diflomasiyya na Burtaniya. An fara aiki da shi a Ofishin Jakadancin da ke Paris, inda, saboda kwarewarsa ta farko a rayuwar Faransa, da kuma ƙwarewar harshen Faransanci, ya dace sosai. Bayan Yaƙin Faransa da Jamus ya ɓarke, ya shiga cikin sulhu a Alabama da ke Geneva . Daga baya aka naɗa shi sakatare a ƙungiyar Burtaniya da ke Lisbon . Dole ne ya yi watsi da wannan matsayi na biyu a shekarar 1873, lokacin da, ba zato ba tsammani, ya faɗi gaba ɗaya, ya rasa amfani da ƙafafunsa, kuma yana fama da azaba mai tsanani. [1] Ya bayyana hakan a ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa,<blockquote>"Domin kiyaye yanayin kabari a rayuwa, Yayin da wasu ke tafiya da gudu suna rawa da tsalle.</blockquote>Ya fara rubuta baitukan wakokinsa na wannan lokacin ba tare da alkalami ko takarda mai taɓawa ba, sannan daga baya aka rubuta su. <ref>''The Encyclopedia Americana'' (1919)</ref> === Waƙoƙin farko === Waƙoƙin Hamilton iri-iri na farko sun bayyana a shekarar 1878, kuma ba su jawo hankali ba; kuma sai da buga littafin ''The New Medusa'' ne waƙarsa ta fara samun kulawa. An bi wannan kundin, a shekarar 1885, wanda aka yi wa laƙabi da ''Apollo da Marsyas'', kuma littafinsa na gaba, mai suna ''Imaginary Sonnets'', ya fito a kaka ta 1888. A matsayinsa na marubucin sonnets, ya fi ban mamaki. Ya shafe mafi yawan rayuwarsa ta girma yana fama da cututtukan tabin hankali. Mahaifiyarsa ce ta shayar da shi nono, kuma 'yar uwarsa, Violet Paget, wacce ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan Vernon Lee, ta yi masa renon lokaci-lokaci. Lee-Hamilton ya zauna tare da mahaifiyarsa da kuma mahaifinsa a Florence, Italiya, a lokacin rashin lafiyarsa, kuma sai bayan da mahaifiyarsa ta mutu a shekarar 1896 kuma ya warke ne ya sake yin tafiya, daga ƙarshe ya auri marubuciya Annie E. Holdsworth a shekarar 1898 kuma ya haifi ɗa, Persis Margaret, a shekarar 1903, amma ta mutu sakamakon cutar sankarau tun tana ƙarama. Wannan ya sa ya rubuta waƙar, ''Mimma Bella; In Memory of a Little Life'' . === Bincike === [[Fayil:Eugene_Lee-Hamilton_001.jpg|right|thumb|330x330px|Eugene Lee-Hamilton a lokacin da yake matashi]] Lee-Hamilton ya rubuta a cikin al'adar gajeriyar baiti ta Victorian, musamman sonnet mai ban mamaki. Robert Browning ya kasance mai tasiri, amma Lee-Hamilton ya inganta fasahar magana mai ban mamaki, kuma akwai tunanin da ba shi da tabbas ga sonnets ɗinsa. Wasu siffofi suna sake faruwa, kamar nutsewa cikin ruwa, binnewa a cikin ƙasa, ɗaurewa, rikici tsakanin jiki da tunani, nau'ikan baka masu duhu na mata kamar gorgon, da nau'ikan baka na maza kamar mahaukaci ko masoyi mai kisan kai. Lee-Hamilton yana da gazawa lokacin da hoto ko makircin da ya rasa ƙarfi saboda ba shi da kamewa. Manyan ayyukansa sune sonnets ɗinsa, kuma nasarorin da ya samu sun dogara ne akan ƙwarewar fasaha. Ya tattara tattaunawar wasan kwaikwayo zuwa tsarin sonnet, kuma ya sami iko, a cikin sonnets masu taƙaice kuma masu kamewa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} o12gmvnan4if4ao45z4tcr3y3wje9ru 0 138260 884860 783089 2026-07-19T12:27:07Z Pharouqenr 25549 884860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Leksaksmuseet,_Stockholm.jpg|right|thumb|303x303px|Ƙofar ciki zuwa Leksaksmuseet]] '''Gidan kayan gargajiya na Toy''' (Yaren Swedish ) wani gidan kayan tarihi ne na kayan wasan yara wanda ke (tun 2005) a Spårvägsmuseet a Södermalm, Stockholm . Asalinsa yana cikin Mariatorget, inda aka fara buɗe shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1980. Wani abin jan hankali mai ban sha'awa shine tarin ƙirar layin dogo na Ƙungiyar Railways (Järnvägssällskapet). An mayar da hankali kan "ƙarni na 20, tare da mai da hankali kan kayan wasan fasaha". Yanzu Leksaksmuseet yana cikin Nacka a Saltsjö-Pir a cikin sabon wuri. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.leksaksmuseet.se/ Yanar Gizon Leksaksmuseet na hukuma] irmn5y6vi2lwu62tf0su750wn8z9qgx 884861 884860 2026-07-19T12:27:45Z Pharouqenr 25549 884861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Leksaksmuseet,_Stockholm.jpg|right|thumb|303x303px|Ƙofar ciki zuwa Leksaksmuseet]] '''Gidan kayan gargajiya na Toy''' (Yaren Swedish ) wani gidan kayan tarihi ne na kayan wasan yara wanda ke (tun 2005) a Spårvägsmuseet a Södermalm, Stockholm. Asalinsa yana cikin Mariatorget, inda aka fara buɗe shi a ranar 30 ga Agusta, 1980. Wani abin jan hankali mai ban sha'awa shine tarin ƙirar layin dogo na Ƙungiyar Railways (Järnvägssällskapet). An mayar da hankali kan "ƙarni na 20, tare da mai da hankali kan kayan wasan fasaha". Yanzu Leksaksmuseet yana cikin Nacka a Saltsjö-Pir a cikin sabon wuri. == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.leksaksmuseet.se/ Yanar Gizon Leksaksmuseet na hukuma] tawcowvs49ib2ywcd4jj45m0dkiwo2k 0 140924 885228 796320 2026-07-20T11:47:52Z BnHamid 12586 885228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi (Larabci: عبد واحد المراكشي; c. 1185 – c. 1262) masanin tarihin Maghrebi ne wanda ya rayu a zamanin Almohad. == Rayuwa == An haifi Abdelwahid a Marrakesh a c. A shekarar 1185 a zamanin Yaqub al-Mansur, a shekara ta 1194 ya koma Fez don ci gaba da karatunsa, amma ya ci gaba da tafiye-tafiye tsakanin garuruwan biyu don neman ilimi. A shekara ta 1206 ya tafi Al-Andalus inda ya zauna na tsawon shekaru tara kafin ya koma Marrakesh. A shekara ta 1224 ya kammala Kitab al-mujib fi talkhis akhbar ahl-maghrib (Littafi mai dadi a cikin takaita tarihin Maghrib), tarihin daular Almohad da kuma daular Almoravid da ta gabata tare da takaitaccen tarihin Andalus tun daga yakin musulmi har zuwa 12. An rubuta littafin a cikin ruhu mai haske tare da labarai masu yawa; Abdelwahid ya bayyana cewa manufarsa ita ce fadakarwa da kuma nishadantar da daliban ta hanyar takaitaccen bayani tun da littattafan tarihin ilimi sukan yi tsayi fiye da kima wanda wani lokaci kan iya gajiyar da mai karatu. Littafin ya kunshi bayanai masu kima game da Ibn Rushd (wanda ya yi zamani da Abdelwahid) da kuma bayanan da aka dauko kai tsaye daga rumbun adana bayanai na Almohad, da sarakuna daban-daban da kuma bayanan abubuwan da marubucin ya gani. Kodayake ya yi rantsuwa da girmamawa ga ƙungiyar Almohad da ƙabilar da ta kafa, Masmuda, littafin ya kasance mai ma'ana saboda ya ƙunshi zargi game da ayyukan wasu sarakuna da kuma labarin tsaka-tsaki na wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar Ibn Tumart da koyarwarsa. Wani bangare na wannan shine labarin game da Almoravids, wadanda suka kasance abokan hamayya na Almohads, amma an yaba musu da kyawawan ayyukansu. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da rahoton abubuwan da suka faru tsakanin sarakunan Almohad yadda ya kamata, sabanin [[Ibn Abi Zar]], ya rubuta ƙarni guda daga baya a ƙarƙashin Marinids, wanda ya bar bayar da rahoto game da manyan makirci da tawaye da suka faru a lokacin rayuwarsa. Abdelwahid ya gama rayuwarsa a [[Misra|Misira]], kamar yadda ya ruwaito a cikin littafinsa cewa abubuwan da suka faru daga baya na Almohads ba su kai masa ga cikakkun bayanai ba tun lokacin da ya tafi. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Bayanan littattafai == * Abdel Wahid al-Marrakushi, Tarihin Almohades, wanda ya riga ya wuce ta hanyar zane-zane na tarihin Spain daga lokacin cin nasara har zuwa mulkin Yúsof ibn-Téshúfin, da kuma tarihin Almoravides, ed. R.P.A. Dozy, 1968 (sake buga bugu na biyu, Leyden 1881; bugu na farko, Leyden 1847) {{Authority control}} rjdv06me24ym2x4mvak6570nd9c51e8 0 141140 885088 796980 2026-07-20T09:03:45Z BnHamid 12586 885088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī''' (Arabic; ya mutu c. 915) ya kasance masanin tauhidi da falsafa na Mu'tazili na [[Larabawa]] na ƙarni na 10. An haife shi a Khuzistan, ya yi karatu a [[Basra]] inda ya horar da [[Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari|Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari]], wanda ya ci gaba da kafa al'adar tauhidin kansa, da ɗansa Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī . == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} jllnzhm7x2hyr0w8g4devvq4u5zkzn7 0 143940 884862 805499 2026-07-19T12:29:02Z Pharouqenr 25549 884862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 8p9bxjarid1dit6r753uqitffmojr9i 884863 884862 2026-07-19T12:29:16Z Pharouqenr 25549 884863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] by2zdh63c7geqsh82p2pwior7w4tr66 884864 884863 2026-07-19T12:29:28Z Pharouqenr 25549 884864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 23kbqr8x9p5u4dzrkubs8a1ml6paxoz 884865 884864 2026-07-19T12:29:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 884865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] h264a68d983b987drps3xogna1rbpto 884866 884865 2026-07-19T12:29:58Z Pharouqenr 25549 884866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] m31dqbcjxdm5dx7425mxyr4l2veeo4v 884867 884866 2026-07-19T12:30:21Z Pharouqenr 25549 884867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro'' . <ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref> <ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jyb09kb42otsid26iq1x5p3vy6su648 884868 884867 2026-07-19T12:31:05Z Pharouqenr 25549 884868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen . Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] i3fa2l61qzyct2jzzikniuhpp4q3w2i 884869 884868 2026-07-19T12:31:31Z Pharouqenr 25549 884869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen. Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] l632ansdiqrk1h2hf3d2fhqle116290 884870 884869 2026-07-19T12:31:52Z Pharouqenr 25549 884870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Silvia Monfort''' ( ; an haifi '''Simone Marguerite Favre-Bertin''' ; 6 ga Yuni 1923 - 30 ga Maris 1991) ta kasance 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta [[Faransa]] a fagen wasanni da fina-finai, daraktan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma mai shirya al'adu. An san ta da rawar da ta taka a cikin bala'in gargajiya, jagorancinta wajen kafa cibiyoyin wasan kwaikwayo na fannoni daban-daban, da kuma karrama ta da lambar yabo ta ƙasa. <ref name="IMDb">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort – Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> An naɗa ta a matsayin jarumin ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1973, kuma jami'in ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1979, sannan kuma Kwamandan ƙungiyar sojoji a shekarar 1983. Ta mutu sakamakon [[Ciwon Huhun Daji|cutar kansar huhu]] a shekarar 1991 kuma an binne ta a makabartar Père Lachaise da ke [[Faris|birnin Paris]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=La comédienne Silvia Monfort, 1953, vintage silver print |url=https://www.abebooks.com/photographs/com%C3%A9dienne-Silvia-Monfort-1953-vintage-silver/30636127819/bd |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=abebooks.com}}</ref> Ita 'yar [[:fr:Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin|Charles-Maurice Favre-Bertin]] ce, wacce ta lashe kyautar, kuma ta auri Pierre Gruneberg . == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Silvia Monfort a gundumar Le Marais da ke [[Faris|Paris]], a kan Rue Elzévir, kusa da [[:fr:Rue_de_Thorigny|Rue de Thorigny]] . Iyalinta sun zauna a can tsawon tsararraki da dama. Bayan rasuwar mahaifiyarta, an yi wa Monfort rajista a [[Makarantar allo|makarantar kwana]], inda ta fara zuwa makarantar Lycée Victor-Hugo kafin ta kammala karatun sakandare a Lycée Victor-Duruy . A lokacin da take da shekaru 14, an ba Monfort damar yin jarrabawar Baccalaureate da wuri saboda ƙwarewarta a fannin karatu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort |url=https://blog.indiecinema.co/name/silvia-monfort/ |access-date=2025-09-26 |website=Indiecinema |language=en-US}}</ref> Duk da cewa mahaifinta ya yi niyyar yin aiki a Gobelins Manufactory, maimakon haka ta zaɓi yin karatun wasan kwaikwayo. Daga nan ta fara ɗaukar darussan wasan kwaikwayo tare da Jean Hervé da Jean Valcourt. == Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da Juyin Juya Halin Faransa == Monfort ta kasance mai himma a cikin Juyin Juya Halin Faransa a lokacin [[Yaƙin Duniya na II|Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu]] ; saboda wannan auren ta karɓi Croix de Guerre da Tauraron Tagulla . Bayan yaƙin, ta auri Maurice Clavel.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}.</ref> == Cocteau, Vilar, da Théâtre National Populaire == A cikin 1945, Monfort ya bayyana a cikin Federico García Lorca 's ''La casa de Bernarda Alba'' . Ayyukanta sun jawo hankalin Edwige Feuillère, wanda ta raba mataki a ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'' ta Jean Cocteau . An fara wasan ne a cikin 1946 a [https://www.grsh.be/en/entertainment/theatre-royal-des-galeries/ Théâtre Royal des Galeries] a Brussels.<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Silvia Monfort - Biography |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0597985/bio/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ta hanyar Clavel, ta haɗu da daraktan wasan kwaikwayo Jean Vilar a shekarar 1947 kuma ta shiga cikin ƙungiyar Théâtre National Populaire (TNP). A wannan shekarar, ta yi wasa a bikin farko na Avignon, inda ta fito a cikin ''The Story of Tobias and Sarah.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}</ref> Monfort ya taka rawar Chimène tare da jarumi Gérard Philipe a cikin ''Le Cid'', ya taka rawar a cikin shirin Vilar na ''Cinna ,'' da kuma ''The Marriage of Figaro.''<ref name="silviabio">{{Cite web |title=Biography of Silvia Monfort |url=http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc |archive-date=May 10, 2006 |access-date=2007-09-20 |publisher=[[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20060510000913/http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc "Biography of Silvia Monfort"]. [[Théâtre Silvia-Monfort]]. Archived from [http://www.theatresilviamonfort.com/docs/Biographie%20de%20Silvia%20Monfort.doc the original] on May 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-20</span></span>.</cite>.</ref><ref name="avignon">{{Cite web |title=History and archives |url=https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Festival Avignon}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://festival-avignon.com/en/archives "History and archives"]. ''Festival Avignon''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-09</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Sinima == Monfort ta fara fitowa a fim a ''Les Anges du péché'' ( ''Mala'iku na Zunubi'' ) wanda Robert Bresson ya jagoranta, wanda sau da yawa zai jefa 'yan wasan da ba ƙwararru ba. A cikin 1948, ta nuna Édith de Berg a cikin daidaitawar Jean Cocteau na ''L'Aigle à deux têtes'', yana bayyana tare da Edwige Feuillère da Jean Marais . A shekarar 1955, Agnès Varda, wacce take daukar hoto a TNP a lokacin, ta jagoranci fim dinta na farko, ''La Pointe Courte'' - wanda galibi ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya fara shirya fim din Faransa New Wave . Da take tunawa da shigar Monfort, Varda ta ce: "Ta shiga aikin da sha'awa da kwarewa," ta kara da cewa, "Ina da yakinin cewa ta yi farin cikin yin fafutukar neman sinima ta gaba." Bayan rabuwarta da Maurice Clavel, Monfort ya raba rayuwarta tare da darektan fim Jean-Paul Le Chanois kuma ya bayyana a yawancin ayyukansa. Duk da raunin da ta samu a hannu, ta buga fursunonin Poland a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Le Chanois a Les Évadés (1955) a gaban François Périer da Pierre Fresnay . Ta kuma yi tauraro tare da Jean Gabin da Nicole Courcel a cikin Le Cas du Docteur Laurent (1957) kuma ta fito a cikin Par-dessus le mur (1961), wasan kwaikwayo da ke bincika dangantakar iyaye da yara. Monfort ta kuma fito a matsayin Éponine a cikin ''Les Misérables'' (1958), wanda Le Chanois ya ba da umarni, tare da Gabin da Bourvil . A shekarar 1962, ta taka rawar Myrtille, wata yarinya 'yar Romani, a ''Mandrin'' tare da Georges Rivière da Georges Wilson . Wannan fim ɗin ya kammala aikinta na sinima <ref>{{IMDb name|0597985}}</ref> da haɗin gwiwarta da Le Chanois. == A kan hanya == A shekarun 1960, Monfort ya yi rangadin yawon shakatawa tare da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Jean Danet, [https://www.treteauxdefrance.com/ Tréteaux de France], yana yin wasannin gargajiya da na zamani. A ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1965, Silvia ta rubuta wa Pierre Gruneberg : "Na shawo kan Danet ya tsara jerin wasannin kwaikwayo a watan Satumba na ''The Prostitute'' kuma ''Nan da nan, bazara ta ƙarshe'' a ƙarƙashin babban abin alfahari a kusa da Paris (ta wannan hanyar, daraktocin da suka dawo ba tare da wata matsala ba za su iya ganin sa a can idan ya cancanta). Oh, da na yi abin da zan iya." Monfort ta ci gaba da yin wasiƙu masu yawa, tana rubuta wa abokiyar zamanta Pierre Gruneberg kowace rana, wanda daga baya aka buga a matsayin ''Wasiƙu zuwa ga Pierre.'' Danielle Netter, mataimakiyar darakta, ta rubuta: "Tréteaux de France, kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne na musamman wanda ya ba mu damar gabatar da Sophocles da sauran mawakan wasan kwaikwayo a gaban masu haya na HLM . Kuma jin mai kallo yana cewa wa Silvia: 'Yana da kyau kamar na Yamma!' Wata rana da yamma, a ƙarshen ''Electra ,'' ya cika bala'inmu da farin ciki." == Tragedienne == Tsakanin 1945 da 1989, Monfort ta fito a cikin wasu ayyukan gargajiya da na zamani na marubuta kamar Racine, Corneille, [[Sophocles]] da Ibsen. Ta taka rawar Phèdre a cikin shirye-shirye guda biyar daban-daban. Ta yi wasa a wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma wasannin kwaikwayo na Maurice Clavel, kamar ''The Isle of Goats'' da ''The Noon Terrace'' . Roger Planchon ne ya ba ta umarni a Villeurbanne a shekarar 1959 a cikin ''Love's Second Surprise'' da kuma Luchino Visconti a birnin Paris a shekarar 1961 a cikin ''<nowiki/>'Tis Pity She's a Whore' ,'' tare da [[Alain Delon]] da Romy Schneider . Ta fito a cikin ''Summer and Smoke'' (1953) da kuma ''Suddenly, Last Summer'' (1965) ta Tennessee Williams . Ta fito a cikin Sphinx na Cocteau's ''The Infernal Machine'' a cikin bukukuwa da kuma talabijin tare da Claude Giraud a shekarar 1963. Ta kasance ''Karuwa Mai Girmamawa'' ta Jean-Paul Sartre (1965) da kuma ''Duchess na Malfi'' tare da Raf Vallone (1981). A gidan wasan kwaikwayo nata, Carré Thorigny, ta taimaka wajen ƙaddamar da aikin Bernard Giraudeau, wanda ya fara fitowa a cikin fim ɗin Tom Eyen mai suna ''Why Doesn's Dress Want to Come off'' (1974). Ta kuma fito a cikin ''fim ɗin The Oresteia'' (1962) da ''The Persians'' of Aeschylus (1984). Ta fito a cikin fim ɗin ''Lucrezia Borgia'' a cikin fim ɗin Victor Hugo (1975), Marguerite de Bourgogne a cikin ''The Tower of Nesle'' na Alexandre Dumas, père (1986), Alarica a cikin ''fim ɗin The Evil Is Spreading'' (1963), ''[[Joan of Arc|Maid]]'' a cikin fim ɗin Jacques Audiberti (1971) da Ethel a cikin ''fim ɗin The Rosenbergs Should Not Die'' (1968) na Alain Decaux . Ta fafata da Ionesco tare da Jacques, ko kuma Submission (1971), When We Dead Awaken na Henrik Ibsen (1976) da kuma The Lady from the Sea (1977). Domin murnar cika shekaru 100 da haihuwar Cocteau, ta bayyana a matakin ƙarshe a kan dandamalin Vaugirard a cikin fim ɗin ''The Two Ways'' a shekarar 1989. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Mutuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1923]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] t5rypigg95fgiryi9zpqoemjv4q0w5y 0 146380 884872 869112 2026-07-19T12:32:22Z Pharouqenr 25549 884872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Stack_of_Adire_,_a_local_Fabric_from_Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Tarin Adire]] [[Fayil:Maiden_yoruba_outfit.jpg|thumb|Matan Yarbawa sanye da kayan ado a kan saitin fina-finan gargajiya]] Yadi '''na Adire''' ( [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] : Àdìrè) wani nau'in yadi ne [[Rini|da aka rina]] da aka saba yi da matan [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], ta amfani da dabarun rina iri-iri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Norma Wolff |title=Adire |url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Fashion History:Love to know |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/ |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Vam}}</ref> Kalmar 'Adire' ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Yarabawa 'adi' wanda ke nufin ɗaurewa da kuma 're' ma'anar rina. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani abu ne da aka tsara da hanyoyin hana kakin zuma waɗanda ke samar da zane-zane masu tsari a cikin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin [[mutanen Egba]] na [[Jihar Ogun]] . Masu sana'ar Adire sun shahara da ƙwarewarsu a rina kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa, inda suke ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman da rikitarwa akan yadi ta hanyar rina su. Suna canza yadi na yau da kullun zuwa zane mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a al'ada wanda galibi ya ƙunshi Alamomin Adire masu ma'ana. == Tarihi == Da farko ana samar da yadi na adire a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ana yin sa ne a yankin arewacin Afirka ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da iyalan 'yan kasuwa na Yarbawa. Wasu iyalai da suka zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa arewa sun fara ƙirƙirar yadi na adire don tallata wa wasu mata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Saboda yawanci mata ne ke yin sa, alamu da jigogi na Adire ana raba su ne daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace a cikin iyalai. Duk da haka, wasu siffofi na iya dogara ne akan iyawar mai zane da ƙwarewarsa, da kuma ƙwarewar da aka koya daga tsofaffin tsararraki. Tsarin Adire galibi wakilci ne na shuke-shuke, dabbobi, kayan aiki, da jigogi na ra'ayi. Jigogi na gargajiya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan siffofi na geometric, siffa, skewmorphic, haruffa, da celestiomorphic. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=''Adire'' in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kayan farko na wannan nau'in wataƙila ƙira ne masu sauƙi da aka ɗaure a kan auduga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hannu kuma [[Saƙa|aka saka]] a cikin gida (kamar waɗanda har yanzu ake samarwa a [[Mali]] ). A farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20, an sami sabbin damar samun adadi mai yawa na kayan [[Taguwa|riguna]] da aka shigo da su ta hanyar yaɗuwar 'yan kasuwar yadi na Turai a [[Abeokuta]] da sauran garuruwan Yarbawa waɗanda suka haifar da bunƙasa a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin mata na kasuwanci da fasaha, wanda ya sa adire ta zama babban sana'a a Abeokuta da [[Ibadan]] wanda ya jawo hankalin masu siye daga ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ɗaukar Abeokuta a matsayin babban birnin yin adire a Najeriya; duk da haka, wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa manyan biranen [[Ibadan]] da [[Osogbo]] (ƙasar Yarabawa) sun fi mahimmanci wajen yin adire saboda rini na adire ya fara ne a Abeokuta lokacin da matan Egba daga Ibadan suka dawo da wannan ilimin. Siffar asali ta yadin ta zama ta kayan riguna guda biyu da aka ɗinka tare don ƙirƙirar yadin nade na mace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adire Cloth of the Yorubas |url=https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/some-major-west-african-textile-traditions/adire-cloth-of-the-yorubas/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Adire African Textiles |language=en-US}}</ref> An haɓaka sabbin dabarun rini na juriya . Al'adar rini ta indigo ta samo asali ne tun ƙarni da yawa a Yammacin Afirka. Misalin da aka fi sani shine hula daga [[Mutanen Dogon|masarautar Dogon]] a [[Mali]] tun ƙarni na 11, wanda aka rina a salon ''oniko'' . [[Fayil:Adire_Market_Week.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da matarsa, tare da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Ogun]], [[Olusegun Osoba|Segun Osoba]], da matarsa, da kuma Gwamna [[Dapo Abiodun]] na jihar Ogun da matarsa [[Bamidele Abiodun]] a babban dandali na Makon Kasuwar Adire, 9 ga Afrilu 2022]] Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, yaɗuwar indigo na roba, soda mai tsami, da kuma kwararar sabbin masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa sun haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da kuma rugujewar da ake buƙata a yanzu. Duk da cewa an ci gaba da samar da ƙira masu rikitarwa da kyau na juriyar sitaci har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kuma duk da farfaɗowar da ma'aikatan Peace Corps na Amurka suka yi a shekarun 1960, ba su sake samun shaharar su ba a baya. A halin yanzu, ana samar da ƙira masu sauƙi da wasu ƙira masu inganci na oniko da alabere, amma ɗanɗanon gida yana fifita "kampala" (zane masu launuka da yawa na kakin zuma, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin adire). Duk da haka, an sake farfaɗo da fasahar Adire kwanan nan ta ƙwararrun 'yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje kamar Dr Toyosi Craig, ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira da makamashi, da kuma masu fasaha na Najeriya kamar [[Nike Davies-Okundaye]], waɗanda ke zaburar da ƙananan masu ƙira kamar [[Amaka Osakwe]] (tare da lakabinta Maki-Oh). Manyan 'yan siyasa da fitattun mutane kamar Michelle Obama da Lupita Nyong'o sun sanya tufafi masu kayatarwa kwanan nan. Haka kuma, [[Bamidele Abiodun]], matar gwamnan jihar Ogun, ta ƙaddamar da Makon Kasuwar Adire <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun {{!}} Business Post Nigeria |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/foreign-manufacturers-killing-local-adire-fabric-industry-abiodun/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani shiri da aka yi niyya don tallata ado da kuma kare masana'antun masaku na gida. == Dabaru == [[Fayil:Tie_and_Dye_to_the_rescue_(Adire).jpg|thumb|Mace tana rina auduga]] A yau, akwai manyan dabarun hana amfani da su a Najeriya guda uku: * '''Oniko''' : wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ɗaura raffia a kusa da ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin masara ko duwatsu daban-daban don samar da ƙananan da'irori fari a kan bango mai shuɗi. Haka kuma ana iya murɗa masakar a ɗaure ta a kanta ko a naɗe ta a layi-layi. * '''Alabere''' : Ana dinka raffia a kan masakar a cikin tsari kafin a rina ta. Ana cire tafin hannun raffia, sannan a dinka kashin baya a cikin masakar. Bayan an rina raffia yawanci ana yage shi, kodayake wasu suna barin sa a ciki kuma a bar shi ya lalace a kan tufafin a hankali yana bayyana ƙirar. * '''Eleko''' : Ba a yarda a rina shi da man rogo da aka fenti a kan masakar ba. A al'adance ana yin sa da gashin kaza masu girma daban-daban, ana kuma amfani da calabash da aka sassaka a cikin ƙira daban-daban, kamar yadda ake yi da bulo . Tun daga farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ana amfani da stencils na ƙarfe da aka yanke daga zanen tin da aka lulluɓe da akwatunan shayi. An sanya wa yawancin zane-zane suna, waɗanda suka shahara sun haɗa da tsarin jubili (wanda aka fara yi don bikin jubili na azurfa na [[George V]] da Sarauniya Mary a 1935), Olokun ("allahiyar teku"), Sunbebe ("ɗaga duwatsu") da Ibadandun ("Ibadan yana da daɗi"). Najeriya kuma ta shahara da zane-zanen indigo masu launuka biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar rini akai-akai na zane da aka fenti da tushen rogo don ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai zurfi; sannan a wanke manna sannan a rina masa zane a karo na ƙarshe. Ana rina masa zane mai inganci sau 25 ko fiye don ƙirƙirar launin shuɗi mai zurfi da baƙi kafin a wanke manna. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan rini na indigo-resistant-rediers a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka; misali, Bamana na Mali suna amfani da laka mai ƙarfi, yayin da masu rini na Senegal suna amfani da manna shinkafa maimakon tushen rogo, kuma Ndop na Kamaru suna amfani da duka == Manazarta == m8d1lpzk4txn8i0zksmbfnljbpwegbd 884873 884872 2026-07-19T12:32:41Z Pharouqenr 25549 884873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Stack_of_Adire_,_a_local_Fabric_from_Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Tarin Adire]] [[Fayil:Maiden_yoruba_outfit.jpg|thumb|Matan Yarbawa sanye da kayan ado a kan saitin fina-finan gargajiya]] Yadi '''na Adire''' ( [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] : Àdìrè) wani nau'in yadi ne [[Rini|da aka rina]] da aka saba yi da matan [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], ta amfani da dabarun rina iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norma Wolff |title=Adire |url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Fashion History:Love to know |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/ |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Vam}}</ref> Kalmar 'Adire' ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Yarabawa 'adi' wanda ke nufin ɗaurewa da kuma 're' ma'anar rina. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani abu ne da aka tsara da hanyoyin hana kakin zuma waɗanda ke samar da zane-zane masu tsari a cikin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin [[mutanen Egba]] na [[Jihar Ogun]] . Masu sana'ar Adire sun shahara da ƙwarewarsu a rina kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa, inda suke ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman da rikitarwa akan yadi ta hanyar rina su. Suna canza yadi na yau da kullun zuwa zane mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a al'ada wanda galibi ya ƙunshi Alamomin Adire masu ma'ana. == Tarihi == Da farko ana samar da yadi na adire a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ana yin sa ne a yankin arewacin Afirka ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da iyalan 'yan kasuwa na Yarbawa. Wasu iyalai da suka zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa arewa sun fara ƙirƙirar yadi na adire don tallata wa wasu mata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Saboda yawanci mata ne ke yin sa, alamu da jigogi na Adire ana raba su ne daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace a cikin iyalai. Duk da haka, wasu siffofi na iya dogara ne akan iyawar mai zane da ƙwarewarsa, da kuma ƙwarewar da aka koya daga tsofaffin tsararraki. Tsarin Adire galibi wakilci ne na shuke-shuke, dabbobi, kayan aiki, da jigogi na ra'ayi. Jigogi na gargajiya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan siffofi na geometric, siffa, skewmorphic, haruffa, da celestiomorphic. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=''Adire'' in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kayan farko na wannan nau'in wataƙila ƙira ne masu sauƙi da aka ɗaure a kan auduga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hannu kuma [[Saƙa|aka saka]] a cikin gida (kamar waɗanda har yanzu ake samarwa a [[Mali]] ). A farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20, an sami sabbin damar samun adadi mai yawa na kayan [[Taguwa|riguna]] da aka shigo da su ta hanyar yaɗuwar 'yan kasuwar yadi na Turai a [[Abeokuta]] da sauran garuruwan Yarbawa waɗanda suka haifar da bunƙasa a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin mata na kasuwanci da fasaha, wanda ya sa adire ta zama babban sana'a a Abeokuta da [[Ibadan]] wanda ya jawo hankalin masu siye daga ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ɗaukar Abeokuta a matsayin babban birnin yin adire a Najeriya; duk da haka, wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa manyan biranen [[Ibadan]] da [[Osogbo]] (ƙasar Yarabawa) sun fi mahimmanci wajen yin adire saboda rini na adire ya fara ne a Abeokuta lokacin da matan Egba daga Ibadan suka dawo da wannan ilimin. Siffar asali ta yadin ta zama ta kayan riguna guda biyu da aka ɗinka tare don ƙirƙirar yadin nade na mace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adire Cloth of the Yorubas |url=https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/some-major-west-african-textile-traditions/adire-cloth-of-the-yorubas/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Adire African Textiles |language=en-US}}</ref> An haɓaka sabbin dabarun rini na juriya . Al'adar rini ta indigo ta samo asali ne tun ƙarni da yawa a Yammacin Afirka. Misalin da aka fi sani shine hula daga [[Mutanen Dogon|masarautar Dogon]] a [[Mali]] tun ƙarni na 11, wanda aka rina a salon ''oniko'' . [[Fayil:Adire_Market_Week.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da matarsa, tare da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Ogun]], [[Olusegun Osoba|Segun Osoba]], da matarsa, da kuma Gwamna [[Dapo Abiodun]] na jihar Ogun da matarsa [[Bamidele Abiodun]] a babban dandali na Makon Kasuwar Adire, 9 ga Afrilu 2022]] Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, yaɗuwar indigo na roba, soda mai tsami, da kuma kwararar sabbin masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa sun haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da kuma rugujewar da ake buƙata a yanzu. Duk da cewa an ci gaba da samar da ƙira masu rikitarwa da kyau na juriyar sitaci har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kuma duk da farfaɗowar da ma'aikatan Peace Corps na Amurka suka yi a shekarun 1960, ba su sake samun shaharar su ba a baya. A halin yanzu, ana samar da ƙira masu sauƙi da wasu ƙira masu inganci na oniko da alabere, amma ɗanɗanon gida yana fifita "kampala" (zane masu launuka da yawa na kakin zuma, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin adire). Duk da haka, an sake farfaɗo da fasahar Adire kwanan nan ta ƙwararrun 'yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje kamar Dr Toyosi Craig, ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira da makamashi, da kuma masu fasaha na Najeriya kamar [[Nike Davies-Okundaye]], waɗanda ke zaburar da ƙananan masu ƙira kamar [[Amaka Osakwe]] (tare da lakabinta Maki-Oh). Manyan 'yan siyasa da fitattun mutane kamar Michelle Obama da Lupita Nyong'o sun sanya tufafi masu kayatarwa kwanan nan. Haka kuma, [[Bamidele Abiodun]], matar gwamnan jihar Ogun, ta ƙaddamar da Makon Kasuwar Adire <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun {{!}} Business Post Nigeria |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/foreign-manufacturers-killing-local-adire-fabric-industry-abiodun/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani shiri da aka yi niyya don tallata ado da kuma kare masana'antun masaku na gida. == Dabaru == [[Fayil:Tie_and_Dye_to_the_rescue_(Adire).jpg|thumb|Mace tana rina auduga]] A yau, akwai manyan dabarun hana amfani da su a Najeriya guda uku: * '''Oniko''' : wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ɗaura raffia a kusa da ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin masara ko duwatsu daban-daban don samar da ƙananan da'irori fari a kan bango mai shuɗi. Haka kuma ana iya murɗa masakar a ɗaure ta a kanta ko a naɗe ta a layi-layi. * '''Alabere''' : Ana dinka raffia a kan masakar a cikin tsari kafin a rina ta. Ana cire tafin hannun raffia, sannan a dinka kashin baya a cikin masakar. Bayan an rina raffia yawanci ana yage shi, kodayake wasu suna barin sa a ciki kuma a bar shi ya lalace a kan tufafin a hankali yana bayyana ƙirar. * '''Eleko''' : Ba a yarda a rina shi da man rogo da aka fenti a kan masakar ba. A al'adance ana yin sa da gashin kaza masu girma daban-daban, ana kuma amfani da calabash da aka sassaka a cikin ƙira daban-daban, kamar yadda ake yi da bulo . Tun daga farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ana amfani da stencils na ƙarfe da aka yanke daga zanen tin da aka lulluɓe da akwatunan shayi. An sanya wa yawancin zane-zane suna, waɗanda suka shahara sun haɗa da tsarin jubili (wanda aka fara yi don bikin jubili na azurfa na [[George V]] da Sarauniya Mary a 1935), Olokun ("allahiyar teku"), Sunbebe ("ɗaga duwatsu") da Ibadandun ("Ibadan yana da daɗi"). Najeriya kuma ta shahara da zane-zanen indigo masu launuka biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar rini akai-akai na zane da aka fenti da tushen rogo don ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai zurfi; sannan a wanke manna sannan a rina masa zane a karo na ƙarshe. Ana rina masa zane mai inganci sau 25 ko fiye don ƙirƙirar launin shuɗi mai zurfi da baƙi kafin a wanke manna. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan rini na indigo-resistant-rediers a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka; misali, Bamana na Mali suna amfani da laka mai ƙarfi, yayin da masu rini na Senegal suna amfani da manna shinkafa maimakon tushen rogo, kuma Ndop na Kamaru suna amfani da duka == Manazarta == ru7kp2by9yev9b45grn0168q3udku2n 884874 884873 2026-07-19T12:32:53Z Pharouqenr 25549 884874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Stack_of_Adire_,_a_local_Fabric_from_Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Tarin Adire]] [[Fayil:Maiden_yoruba_outfit.jpg|thumb|Matan Yarbawa sanye da kayan ado a kan saitin fina-finan gargajiya]] Yadi '''na Adire''' ( [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] : Àdìrè) wani nau'in yadi ne [[Rini|da aka rina]] da aka saba yi da matan [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], ta amfani da dabarun rina iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norma Wolff |title=Adire |url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Fashion History:Love to know |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/ |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Vam}}</ref> Kalmar 'Adire' ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Yarabawa 'adi' wanda ke nufin ɗaurewa da kuma 're' ma'anar rina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani abu ne da aka tsara da hanyoyin hana kakin zuma waɗanda ke samar da zane-zane masu tsari a cikin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin [[mutanen Egba]] na [[Jihar Ogun]] . Masu sana'ar Adire sun shahara da ƙwarewarsu a rina kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa, inda suke ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman da rikitarwa akan yadi ta hanyar rina su. Suna canza yadi na yau da kullun zuwa zane mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a al'ada wanda galibi ya ƙunshi Alamomin Adire masu ma'ana. == Tarihi == Da farko ana samar da yadi na adire a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ana yin sa ne a yankin arewacin Afirka ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da iyalan 'yan kasuwa na Yarbawa. Wasu iyalai da suka zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa arewa sun fara ƙirƙirar yadi na adire don tallata wa wasu mata. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Saboda yawanci mata ne ke yin sa, alamu da jigogi na Adire ana raba su ne daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace a cikin iyalai. Duk da haka, wasu siffofi na iya dogara ne akan iyawar mai zane da ƙwarewarsa, da kuma ƙwarewar da aka koya daga tsofaffin tsararraki. Tsarin Adire galibi wakilci ne na shuke-shuke, dabbobi, kayan aiki, da jigogi na ra'ayi. Jigogi na gargajiya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan siffofi na geometric, siffa, skewmorphic, haruffa, da celestiomorphic. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=''Adire'' in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kayan farko na wannan nau'in wataƙila ƙira ne masu sauƙi da aka ɗaure a kan auduga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hannu kuma [[Saƙa|aka saka]] a cikin gida (kamar waɗanda har yanzu ake samarwa a [[Mali]] ). A farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20, an sami sabbin damar samun adadi mai yawa na kayan [[Taguwa|riguna]] da aka shigo da su ta hanyar yaɗuwar 'yan kasuwar yadi na Turai a [[Abeokuta]] da sauran garuruwan Yarbawa waɗanda suka haifar da bunƙasa a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin mata na kasuwanci da fasaha, wanda ya sa adire ta zama babban sana'a a Abeokuta da [[Ibadan]] wanda ya jawo hankalin masu siye daga ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ɗaukar Abeokuta a matsayin babban birnin yin adire a Najeriya; duk da haka, wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa manyan biranen [[Ibadan]] da [[Osogbo]] (ƙasar Yarabawa) sun fi mahimmanci wajen yin adire saboda rini na adire ya fara ne a Abeokuta lokacin da matan Egba daga Ibadan suka dawo da wannan ilimin. Siffar asali ta yadin ta zama ta kayan riguna guda biyu da aka ɗinka tare don ƙirƙirar yadin nade na mace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adire Cloth of the Yorubas |url=https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/some-major-west-african-textile-traditions/adire-cloth-of-the-yorubas/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Adire African Textiles |language=en-US}}</ref> An haɓaka sabbin dabarun rini na juriya . Al'adar rini ta indigo ta samo asali ne tun ƙarni da yawa a Yammacin Afirka. Misalin da aka fi sani shine hula daga [[Mutanen Dogon|masarautar Dogon]] a [[Mali]] tun ƙarni na 11, wanda aka rina a salon ''oniko'' . [[Fayil:Adire_Market_Week.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da matarsa, tare da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Ogun]], [[Olusegun Osoba|Segun Osoba]], da matarsa, da kuma Gwamna [[Dapo Abiodun]] na jihar Ogun da matarsa [[Bamidele Abiodun]] a babban dandali na Makon Kasuwar Adire, 9 ga Afrilu 2022]] Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, yaɗuwar indigo na roba, soda mai tsami, da kuma kwararar sabbin masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa sun haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da kuma rugujewar da ake buƙata a yanzu. Duk da cewa an ci gaba da samar da ƙira masu rikitarwa da kyau na juriyar sitaci har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kuma duk da farfaɗowar da ma'aikatan Peace Corps na Amurka suka yi a shekarun 1960, ba su sake samun shaharar su ba a baya. A halin yanzu, ana samar da ƙira masu sauƙi da wasu ƙira masu inganci na oniko da alabere, amma ɗanɗanon gida yana fifita "kampala" (zane masu launuka da yawa na kakin zuma, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin adire). Duk da haka, an sake farfaɗo da fasahar Adire kwanan nan ta ƙwararrun 'yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje kamar Dr Toyosi Craig, ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira da makamashi, da kuma masu fasaha na Najeriya kamar [[Nike Davies-Okundaye]], waɗanda ke zaburar da ƙananan masu ƙira kamar [[Amaka Osakwe]] (tare da lakabinta Maki-Oh). Manyan 'yan siyasa da fitattun mutane kamar Michelle Obama da Lupita Nyong'o sun sanya tufafi masu kayatarwa kwanan nan. Haka kuma, [[Bamidele Abiodun]], matar gwamnan jihar Ogun, ta ƙaddamar da Makon Kasuwar Adire <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun {{!}} Business Post Nigeria |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/foreign-manufacturers-killing-local-adire-fabric-industry-abiodun/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani shiri da aka yi niyya don tallata ado da kuma kare masana'antun masaku na gida. == Dabaru == [[Fayil:Tie_and_Dye_to_the_rescue_(Adire).jpg|thumb|Mace tana rina auduga]] A yau, akwai manyan dabarun hana amfani da su a Najeriya guda uku: * '''Oniko''' : wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ɗaura raffia a kusa da ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin masara ko duwatsu daban-daban don samar da ƙananan da'irori fari a kan bango mai shuɗi. Haka kuma ana iya murɗa masakar a ɗaure ta a kanta ko a naɗe ta a layi-layi. * '''Alabere''' : Ana dinka raffia a kan masakar a cikin tsari kafin a rina ta. Ana cire tafin hannun raffia, sannan a dinka kashin baya a cikin masakar. Bayan an rina raffia yawanci ana yage shi, kodayake wasu suna barin sa a ciki kuma a bar shi ya lalace a kan tufafin a hankali yana bayyana ƙirar. * '''Eleko''' : Ba a yarda a rina shi da man rogo da aka fenti a kan masakar ba. A al'adance ana yin sa da gashin kaza masu girma daban-daban, ana kuma amfani da calabash da aka sassaka a cikin ƙira daban-daban, kamar yadda ake yi da bulo . Tun daga farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ana amfani da stencils na ƙarfe da aka yanke daga zanen tin da aka lulluɓe da akwatunan shayi. An sanya wa yawancin zane-zane suna, waɗanda suka shahara sun haɗa da tsarin jubili (wanda aka fara yi don bikin jubili na azurfa na [[George V]] da Sarauniya Mary a 1935), Olokun ("allahiyar teku"), Sunbebe ("ɗaga duwatsu") da Ibadandun ("Ibadan yana da daɗi"). Najeriya kuma ta shahara da zane-zanen indigo masu launuka biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar rini akai-akai na zane da aka fenti da tushen rogo don ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai zurfi; sannan a wanke manna sannan a rina masa zane a karo na ƙarshe. Ana rina masa zane mai inganci sau 25 ko fiye don ƙirƙirar launin shuɗi mai zurfi da baƙi kafin a wanke manna. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan rini na indigo-resistant-rediers a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka; misali, Bamana na Mali suna amfani da laka mai ƙarfi, yayin da masu rini na Senegal suna amfani da manna shinkafa maimakon tushen rogo, kuma Ndop na Kamaru suna amfani da duka == Manazarta == g0p8g3gddxtvma3vw1cx2m2qvwsgpar 884875 884874 2026-07-19T12:33:11Z Pharouqenr 25549 884875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Stack_of_Adire_,_a_local_Fabric_from_Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Tarin Adire]] [[Fayil:Maiden_yoruba_outfit.jpg|thumb|Matan Yarbawa sanye da kayan ado a kan saitin fina-finan gargajiya]] Yadi '''na Adire''' ( [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] : Àdìrè) wani nau'in yadi ne [[Rini|da aka rina]] da aka saba yi da matan [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], ta amfani da dabarun rina iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norma Wolff |title=Adire |url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Fashion History:Love to know |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/ |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Vam}}</ref> Kalmar 'Adire' ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Yarabawa 'adi' wanda ke nufin ɗaurewa da kuma 're' ma'anar rina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani abu ne da aka tsara da hanyoyin hana kakin zuma waɗanda ke samar da zane-zane masu tsari a cikin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin [[mutanen Egba]] na [[Jihar Ogun]] . Masu sana'ar Adire sun shahara da ƙwarewarsu a rina kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa, inda suke ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman da rikitarwa akan yadi ta hanyar rina su. Suna canza yadi na yau da kullun zuwa zane mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a al'ada wanda galibi ya ƙunshi Alamomin Adire masu ma'ana. == Tarihi == Da farko ana samar da yadi na adire a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ana yin sa ne a yankin arewacin Afirka ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da iyalan 'yan kasuwa na Yarbawa. Wasu iyalai da suka zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa arewa sun fara ƙirƙirar yadi na adire don tallata wa wasu mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Saboda yawanci mata ne ke yin sa, alamu da jigogi na Adire ana raba su ne daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace a cikin iyalai. Duk da haka, wasu siffofi na iya dogara ne akan iyawar mai zane da ƙwarewarsa, da kuma ƙwarewar da aka koya daga tsofaffin tsararraki. Tsarin Adire galibi wakilci ne na shuke-shuke, dabbobi, kayan aiki, da jigogi na ra'ayi. Jigogi na gargajiya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan siffofi na geometric, siffa, skewmorphic, haruffa, da celestiomorphic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=''Adire'' in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kayan farko na wannan nau'in wataƙila ƙira ne masu sauƙi da aka ɗaure a kan auduga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hannu kuma [[Saƙa|aka saka]] a cikin gida (kamar waɗanda har yanzu ake samarwa a [[Mali]] ). A farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20, an sami sabbin damar samun adadi mai yawa na kayan [[Taguwa|riguna]] da aka shigo da su ta hanyar yaɗuwar 'yan kasuwar yadi na Turai a [[Abeokuta]] da sauran garuruwan Yarbawa waɗanda suka haifar da bunƙasa a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin mata na kasuwanci da fasaha, wanda ya sa adire ta zama babban sana'a a Abeokuta da [[Ibadan]] wanda ya jawo hankalin masu siye daga ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ɗaukar Abeokuta a matsayin babban birnin yin adire a Najeriya; duk da haka, wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa manyan biranen [[Ibadan]] da [[Osogbo]] (ƙasar Yarabawa) sun fi mahimmanci wajen yin adire saboda rini na adire ya fara ne a Abeokuta lokacin da matan Egba daga Ibadan suka dawo da wannan ilimin. Siffar asali ta yadin ta zama ta kayan riguna guda biyu da aka ɗinka tare don ƙirƙirar yadin nade na mace. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Adire Cloth of the Yorubas |url=https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/some-major-west-african-textile-traditions/adire-cloth-of-the-yorubas/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Adire African Textiles |language=en-US}}</ref> An haɓaka sabbin dabarun rini na juriya . Al'adar rini ta indigo ta samo asali ne tun ƙarni da yawa a Yammacin Afirka. Misalin da aka fi sani shine hula daga [[Mutanen Dogon|masarautar Dogon]] a [[Mali]] tun ƙarni na 11, wanda aka rina a salon ''oniko'' . [[Fayil:Adire_Market_Week.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da matarsa, tare da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Ogun]], [[Olusegun Osoba|Segun Osoba]], da matarsa, da kuma Gwamna [[Dapo Abiodun]] na jihar Ogun da matarsa [[Bamidele Abiodun]] a babban dandali na Makon Kasuwar Adire, 9 ga Afrilu 2022]] Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, yaɗuwar indigo na roba, soda mai tsami, da kuma kwararar sabbin masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa sun haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da kuma rugujewar da ake buƙata a yanzu. Duk da cewa an ci gaba da samar da ƙira masu rikitarwa da kyau na juriyar sitaci har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kuma duk da farfaɗowar da ma'aikatan Peace Corps na Amurka suka yi a shekarun 1960, ba su sake samun shaharar su ba a baya. A halin yanzu, ana samar da ƙira masu sauƙi da wasu ƙira masu inganci na oniko da alabere, amma ɗanɗanon gida yana fifita "kampala" (zane masu launuka da yawa na kakin zuma, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin adire). Duk da haka, an sake farfaɗo da fasahar Adire kwanan nan ta ƙwararrun 'yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje kamar Dr Toyosi Craig, ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira da makamashi, da kuma masu fasaha na Najeriya kamar [[Nike Davies-Okundaye]], waɗanda ke zaburar da ƙananan masu ƙira kamar [[Amaka Osakwe]] (tare da lakabinta Maki-Oh). Manyan 'yan siyasa da fitattun mutane kamar Michelle Obama da Lupita Nyong'o sun sanya tufafi masu kayatarwa kwanan nan. Haka kuma, [[Bamidele Abiodun]], matar gwamnan jihar Ogun, ta ƙaddamar da Makon Kasuwar Adire <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun {{!}} Business Post Nigeria |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/foreign-manufacturers-killing-local-adire-fabric-industry-abiodun/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani shiri da aka yi niyya don tallata ado da kuma kare masana'antun masaku na gida. == Dabaru == [[Fayil:Tie_and_Dye_to_the_rescue_(Adire).jpg|thumb|Mace tana rina auduga]] A yau, akwai manyan dabarun hana amfani da su a Najeriya guda uku: * '''Oniko''' : wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ɗaura raffia a kusa da ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin masara ko duwatsu daban-daban don samar da ƙananan da'irori fari a kan bango mai shuɗi. Haka kuma ana iya murɗa masakar a ɗaure ta a kanta ko a naɗe ta a layi-layi. * '''Alabere''' : Ana dinka raffia a kan masakar a cikin tsari kafin a rina ta. Ana cire tafin hannun raffia, sannan a dinka kashin baya a cikin masakar. Bayan an rina raffia yawanci ana yage shi, kodayake wasu suna barin sa a ciki kuma a bar shi ya lalace a kan tufafin a hankali yana bayyana ƙirar. * '''Eleko''' : Ba a yarda a rina shi da man rogo da aka fenti a kan masakar ba. A al'adance ana yin sa da gashin kaza masu girma daban-daban, ana kuma amfani da calabash da aka sassaka a cikin ƙira daban-daban, kamar yadda ake yi da bulo . Tun daga farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ana amfani da stencils na ƙarfe da aka yanke daga zanen tin da aka lulluɓe da akwatunan shayi. An sanya wa yawancin zane-zane suna, waɗanda suka shahara sun haɗa da tsarin jubili (wanda aka fara yi don bikin jubili na azurfa na [[George V]] da Sarauniya Mary a 1935), Olokun ("allahiyar teku"), Sunbebe ("ɗaga duwatsu") da Ibadandun ("Ibadan yana da daɗi"). Najeriya kuma ta shahara da zane-zanen indigo masu launuka biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar rini akai-akai na zane da aka fenti da tushen rogo don ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai zurfi; sannan a wanke manna sannan a rina masa zane a karo na ƙarshe. Ana rina masa zane mai inganci sau 25 ko fiye don ƙirƙirar launin shuɗi mai zurfi da baƙi kafin a wanke manna. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan rini na indigo-resistant-rediers a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka; misali, Bamana na Mali suna amfani da laka mai ƙarfi, yayin da masu rini na Senegal suna amfani da manna shinkafa maimakon tushen rogo, kuma Ndop na Kamaru suna amfani da duka == Manazarta == efmscn5lyx65dib586dka6xkr535cqq 884876 884875 2026-07-19T12:33:27Z Pharouqenr 25549 884876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Stack_of_Adire_,_a_local_Fabric_from_Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Tarin Adire]] [[Fayil:Maiden_yoruba_outfit.jpg|thumb|Matan Yarbawa sanye da kayan ado a kan saitin fina-finan gargajiya]] Yadi '''na Adire''' ( [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] : Àdìrè) wani nau'in yadi ne [[Rini|da aka rina]] da aka saba yi da matan [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], ta amfani da dabarun rina iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norma Wolff |title=Adire |url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Fashion History:Love to know |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/ |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Vam}}</ref> Kalmar 'Adire' ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Yarabawa 'adi' wanda ke nufin ɗaurewa da kuma 're' ma'anar rina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani abu ne da aka tsara da hanyoyin hana kakin zuma waɗanda ke samar da zane-zane masu tsari a cikin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin [[mutanen Egba]] na [[Jihar Ogun]] . Masu sana'ar Adire sun shahara da ƙwarewarsu a rina kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa, inda suke ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman da rikitarwa akan yadi ta hanyar rina su. Suna canza yadi na yau da kullun zuwa zane mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a al'ada wanda galibi ya ƙunshi Alamomin Adire masu ma'ana. == Tarihi == Da farko ana samar da yadi na adire a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ana yin sa ne a yankin arewacin Afirka ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da iyalan 'yan kasuwa na Yarbawa. Wasu iyalai da suka zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa arewa sun fara ƙirƙirar yadi na adire don tallata wa wasu mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Saboda yawanci mata ne ke yin sa, alamu da jigogi na Adire ana raba su ne daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace a cikin iyalai. Duk da haka, wasu siffofi na iya dogara ne akan iyawar mai zane da ƙwarewarsa, da kuma ƙwarewar da aka koya daga tsofaffin tsararraki. Tsarin Adire galibi wakilci ne na shuke-shuke, dabbobi, kayan aiki, da jigogi na ra'ayi. Jigogi na gargajiya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan siffofi na geometric, siffa, skewmorphic, haruffa, da celestiomorphic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=''Adire'' in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kayan farko na wannan nau'in wataƙila ƙira ne masu sauƙi da aka ɗaure a kan auduga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hannu kuma [[Saƙa|aka saka]] a cikin gida (kamar waɗanda har yanzu ake samarwa a [[Mali]] ). A farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20, an sami sabbin damar samun adadi mai yawa na kayan [[Taguwa|riguna]] da aka shigo da su ta hanyar yaɗuwar 'yan kasuwar yadi na Turai a [[Abeokuta]] da sauran garuruwan Yarbawa waɗanda suka haifar da bunƙasa a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin mata na kasuwanci da fasaha, wanda ya sa adire ta zama babban sana'a a Abeokuta da [[Ibadan]] wanda ya jawo hankalin masu siye daga ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ɗaukar Abeokuta a matsayin babban birnin yin adire a Najeriya; duk da haka, wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa manyan biranen [[Ibadan]] da [[Osogbo]] (ƙasar Yarabawa) sun fi mahimmanci wajen yin adire saboda rini na adire ya fara ne a Abeokuta lokacin da matan Egba daga Ibadan suka dawo da wannan ilimin. Siffar asali ta yadin ta zama ta kayan riguna guda biyu da aka ɗinka tare don ƙirƙirar yadin nade na mace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adire Cloth of the Yorubas |url=https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/some-major-west-african-textile-traditions/adire-cloth-of-the-yorubas/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Adire African Textiles |language=en-US}}</ref> An haɓaka sabbin dabarun rini na juriya . Al'adar rini ta indigo ta samo asali ne tun ƙarni da yawa a Yammacin Afirka. Misalin da aka fi sani shine hula daga [[Mutanen Dogon|masarautar Dogon]] a [[Mali]] tun ƙarni na 11, wanda aka rina a salon ''oniko'' . [[Fayil:Adire_Market_Week.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da matarsa, tare da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Ogun]], [[Olusegun Osoba|Segun Osoba]], da matarsa, da kuma Gwamna [[Dapo Abiodun]] na jihar Ogun da matarsa [[Bamidele Abiodun]] a babban dandali na Makon Kasuwar Adire, 9 ga Afrilu 2022]] Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, yaɗuwar indigo na roba, soda mai tsami, da kuma kwararar sabbin masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa sun haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da kuma rugujewar da ake buƙata a yanzu. Duk da cewa an ci gaba da samar da ƙira masu rikitarwa da kyau na juriyar sitaci har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kuma duk da farfaɗowar da ma'aikatan Peace Corps na Amurka suka yi a shekarun 1960, ba su sake samun shaharar su ba a baya. A halin yanzu, ana samar da ƙira masu sauƙi da wasu ƙira masu inganci na oniko da alabere, amma ɗanɗanon gida yana fifita "kampala" (zane masu launuka da yawa na kakin zuma, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin adire). Duk da haka, an sake farfaɗo da fasahar Adire kwanan nan ta ƙwararrun 'yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje kamar Dr Toyosi Craig, ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira da makamashi, da kuma masu fasaha na Najeriya kamar [[Nike Davies-Okundaye]], waɗanda ke zaburar da ƙananan masu ƙira kamar [[Amaka Osakwe]] (tare da lakabinta Maki-Oh). Manyan 'yan siyasa da fitattun mutane kamar Michelle Obama da Lupita Nyong'o sun sanya tufafi masu kayatarwa kwanan nan. Haka kuma, [[Bamidele Abiodun]], matar gwamnan jihar Ogun, ta ƙaddamar da Makon Kasuwar Adire <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun {{!}} Business Post Nigeria |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/foreign-manufacturers-killing-local-adire-fabric-industry-abiodun/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani shiri da aka yi niyya don tallata ado da kuma kare masana'antun masaku na gida. == Dabaru == [[Fayil:Tie_and_Dye_to_the_rescue_(Adire).jpg|thumb|Mace tana rina auduga]] A yau, akwai manyan dabarun hana amfani da su a Najeriya guda uku: * '''Oniko''' : wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ɗaura raffia a kusa da ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin masara ko duwatsu daban-daban don samar da ƙananan da'irori fari a kan bango mai shuɗi. Haka kuma ana iya murɗa masakar a ɗaure ta a kanta ko a naɗe ta a layi-layi. * '''Alabere''' : Ana dinka raffia a kan masakar a cikin tsari kafin a rina ta. Ana cire tafin hannun raffia, sannan a dinka kashin baya a cikin masakar. Bayan an rina raffia yawanci ana yage shi, kodayake wasu suna barin sa a ciki kuma a bar shi ya lalace a kan tufafin a hankali yana bayyana ƙirar. * '''Eleko''' : Ba a yarda a rina shi da man rogo da aka fenti a kan masakar ba. A al'adance ana yin sa da gashin kaza masu girma daban-daban, ana kuma amfani da calabash da aka sassaka a cikin ƙira daban-daban, kamar yadda ake yi da bulo . Tun daga farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ana amfani da stencils na ƙarfe da aka yanke daga zanen tin da aka lulluɓe da akwatunan shayi. An sanya wa yawancin zane-zane suna, waɗanda suka shahara sun haɗa da tsarin jubili (wanda aka fara yi don bikin jubili na azurfa na [[George V]] da Sarauniya Mary a 1935), Olokun ("allahiyar teku"), Sunbebe ("ɗaga duwatsu") da Ibadandun ("Ibadan yana da daɗi"). Najeriya kuma ta shahara da zane-zanen indigo masu launuka biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar rini akai-akai na zane da aka fenti da tushen rogo don ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai zurfi; sannan a wanke manna sannan a rina masa zane a karo na ƙarshe. Ana rina masa zane mai inganci sau 25 ko fiye don ƙirƙirar launin shuɗi mai zurfi da baƙi kafin a wanke manna. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan rini na indigo-resistant-rediers a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka; misali, Bamana na Mali suna amfani da laka mai ƙarfi, yayin da masu rini na Senegal suna amfani da manna shinkafa maimakon tushen rogo, kuma Ndop na Kamaru suna amfani da duka == Manazarta == spgpx781ng3ayt90cvwrj0opc0t9fh1 884877 884876 2026-07-19T12:33:48Z Pharouqenr 25549 884877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:Stack_of_Adire_,_a_local_Fabric_from_Abeoukuta.JPG|thumb|Tarin Adire]] [[Fayil:Maiden_yoruba_outfit.jpg|thumb|Matan Yarbawa sanye da kayan ado a kan saitin fina-finan gargajiya]] Yadi '''na Adire''' ( [[Yarbanci|Yoruba]] : Àdìrè) wani nau'in yadi ne [[Rini|da aka rina]] da aka saba yi da matan [[Yarbawa|Yarabawa]], ta amfani da dabarun rina iri-iri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Norma Wolff |title=Adire |url=http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Fashion History:Love to know |archive-date=31 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831015609/http://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/fabrics-fibers/adire |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2013 |title=Adire – Indigo Resist Dyed Cloth From Yorubaland, Nigeria |url=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/a/adire-indigo-resist-dyed-cloth-from-yorubaland-nigeria/ |access-date=25 December 2014 |website=Vam}}</ref> Kalmar 'Adire' ta samo asali ne daga kalmomin Yarabawa 'adi' wanda ke nufin ɗaurewa da kuma 're' ma'anar rina.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=BRAIDE |first=O. O. |date=2017-11-22 |title=STYLISTIC FEATURES OF CONTEMPORARY ADIRE IN NIGERIAN TEXTILE PRACTICE |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |journal=Journal of Humanities, Social Science and Creative Arts |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=106–118 |doi=10.51406/jhssca.v11i1.1698 |issn=2315-747X |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Wani abu ne da aka tsara da hanyoyin hana kakin zuma waɗanda ke samar da zane-zane masu tsari a cikin launuka masu ban sha'awa. Ya zama ruwan dare a tsakanin [[mutanen Egba]] na [[Jihar Ogun]] . Masu sana'ar Adire sun shahara da ƙwarewarsu a rina kayan gargajiya na Yarabawa, inda suke ƙirƙirar ƙira na musamman da rikitarwa akan yadi ta hanyar rina su. Suna canza yadi na yau da kullun zuwa zane mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci a al'ada wanda galibi ya ƙunshi Alamomin Adire masu ma'ana. == Tarihi == Da farko ana samar da yadi na adire a kudu maso yammacin Najeriya, ana yin sa ne a yankin arewacin Afirka ta hanyar 'yan kasuwa da iyalan 'yan kasuwa na Yarbawa. Wasu iyalai da suka zaɓi yin ƙaura zuwa arewa sun fara ƙirƙirar yadi na adire don tallata wa wasu mata.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Renne |first=Elisha P. |date=2020-01-02 |title=Reinterpreting Adire Cloth in Northern Nigeria |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |journal=Textile History |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=60–85 |doi=10.1080/00404969.2020.1747372 |issn=0040-4969 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Saboda yawanci mata ne ke yin sa, alamu da jigogi na Adire ana raba su ne daga uwa zuwa 'ya mace a cikin iyalai. Duk da haka, wasu siffofi na iya dogara ne akan iyawar mai zane da ƙwarewarsa, da kuma ƙwarewar da aka koya daga tsofaffin tsararraki. Tsarin Adire galibi wakilci ne na shuke-shuke, dabbobi, kayan aiki, da jigogi na ra'ayi. Jigogi na gargajiya ana rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan siffofi na geometric, siffa, skewmorphic, haruffa, da celestiomorphic.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Areo |first=MO |last2=Kalilu |first2=ROR |date=2013-05-03 |title=''Adire'' in South-western Nigeria: Geography of the Centres |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |journal=African Research Review |volume=7 |issue=2 |doi=10.4314/afrrev.v7i2.22 |issn=2070-0083 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kayan farko na wannan nau'in wataƙila ƙira ne masu sauƙi da aka ɗaure a kan auduga, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da hannu kuma [[Saƙa|aka saka]] a cikin gida (kamar waɗanda har yanzu ake samarwa a [[Mali]] ). A farkon shekarun ƙarni na 20, an sami sabbin damar samun adadi mai yawa na kayan [[Taguwa|riguna]] da aka shigo da su ta hanyar yaɗuwar 'yan kasuwar yadi na Turai a [[Abeokuta]] da sauran garuruwan Yarbawa waɗanda suka haifar da bunƙasa a cikin waɗannan ƙoƙarin mata na kasuwanci da fasaha, wanda ya sa adire ta zama babban sana'a a Abeokuta da [[Ibadan]] wanda ya jawo hankalin masu siye daga ko'ina cikin [[Afirka ta Yamma|Yammacin Afirka]] . Ana ɗaukar Abeokuta a matsayin babban birnin yin adire a Najeriya; duk da haka, wasu suna ba da shawarar cewa manyan biranen [[Ibadan]] da [[Osogbo]] (ƙasar Yarabawa) sun fi mahimmanci wajen yin adire saboda rini na adire ya fara ne a Abeokuta lokacin da matan Egba daga Ibadan suka dawo da wannan ilimin. Siffar asali ta yadin ta zama ta kayan riguna guda biyu da aka ɗinka tare don ƙirƙirar yadin nade na mace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adire Cloth of the Yorubas |url=https://www.adireafricantextiles.com/textiles-resources-sub-saharan-africa/some-major-west-african-textile-traditions/adire-cloth-of-the-yorubas/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |website=Adire African Textiles |language=en-US}}</ref> An haɓaka sabbin dabarun rini na juriya . Al'adar rini ta indigo ta samo asali ne tun ƙarni da yawa a Yammacin Afirka. Misalin da aka fi sani shine hula daga [[Mutanen Dogon|masarautar Dogon]] a [[Mali]] tun ƙarni na 11, wanda aka rina a salon ''oniko'' . [[Fayil:Adire_Market_Week.jpg|thumb|Tsohon shugaban Najeriya [[Olusegun Obasanjo]] da matarsa, tare da tsohon gwamnan [[jihar Ogun]], [[Olusegun Osoba|Segun Osoba]], da matarsa, da kuma Gwamna [[Dapo Abiodun]] na jihar Ogun da matarsa [[Bamidele Abiodun]] a babban dandali na Makon Kasuwar Adire, 9 ga Afrilu 2022]] Duk da haka, a ƙarshen shekarun 1930, yaɗuwar indigo na roba, soda mai tsami, da kuma kwararar sabbin masu ƙarancin ƙwarewa sun haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da kuma rugujewar da ake buƙata a yanzu. Duk da cewa an ci gaba da samar da ƙira masu rikitarwa da kyau na juriyar sitaci har zuwa farkon shekarun 1970, kuma duk da farfaɗowar da ma'aikatan Peace Corps na Amurka suka yi a shekarun 1960, ba su sake samun shaharar su ba a baya. A halin yanzu, ana samar da ƙira masu sauƙi da wasu ƙira masu inganci na oniko da alabere, amma ɗanɗanon gida yana fifita "kampala" (zane masu launuka da yawa na kakin zuma, wanda wani lokacin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin adire). Duk da haka, an sake farfaɗo da fasahar Adire kwanan nan ta ƙwararrun 'yan Najeriya a ƙasashen waje kamar Dr Toyosi Craig, ƙwararriyar mai ƙirƙira da makamashi, da kuma masu fasaha na Najeriya kamar [[Nike Davies-Okundaye]], waɗanda ke zaburar da ƙananan masu ƙira kamar [[Amaka Osakwe]] (tare da lakabinta Maki-Oh). Manyan 'yan siyasa da fitattun mutane kamar Michelle Obama da Lupita Nyong'o sun sanya tufafi masu kayatarwa kwanan nan. Haka kuma, [[Bamidele Abiodun]], matar gwamnan jihar Ogun, ta ƙaddamar da Makon Kasuwar Adire <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 April 2022 |title=Foreign Manufacturers Killing Local Adire Fabric Industry—Abiodun {{!}} Business Post Nigeria |url=https://businesspost.ng/economy/foreign-manufacturers-killing-local-adire-fabric-industry-abiodun/ |access-date=31 May 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> a shekarar 2022 a matsayin wani shiri da aka yi niyya don tallata ado da kuma kare masana'antun masaku na gida. == Dabaru == [[Fayil:Tie_and_Dye_to_the_rescue_(Adire).jpg|thumb|Mace tana rina auduga]] A yau, akwai manyan dabarun hana amfani da su a Najeriya guda uku: * '''Oniko''' : wannan tsari ya ƙunshi ɗaura raffia a kusa da ɗaruruwan ƙwayoyin masara ko duwatsu daban-daban don samar da ƙananan da'irori fari a kan bango mai shuɗi. Haka kuma ana iya murɗa masakar a ɗaure ta a kanta ko a naɗe ta a layi-layi. * '''Alabere''' : Ana dinka raffia a kan masakar a cikin tsari kafin a rina ta. Ana cire tafin hannun raffia, sannan a dinka kashin baya a cikin masakar. Bayan an rina raffia yawanci ana yage shi, kodayake wasu suna barin sa a ciki kuma a bar shi ya lalace a kan tufafin a hankali yana bayyana ƙirar. * '''Eleko''' : Ba a yarda a rina shi da man rogo da aka fenti a kan masakar ba. A al'adance ana yin sa da gashin kaza masu girma daban-daban, ana kuma amfani da calabash da aka sassaka a cikin ƙira daban-daban, kamar yadda ake yi da bulo . Tun daga farkon ƙarni na ashirin, ana amfani da stencils na ƙarfe da aka yanke daga zanen tin da aka lulluɓe da akwatunan shayi. An sanya wa yawancin zane-zane suna, waɗanda suka shahara sun haɗa da tsarin jubili (wanda aka fara yi don bikin jubili na azurfa na [[George V]] da Sarauniya Mary a 1935), Olokun ("allahiyar teku"), Sunbebe ("ɗaga duwatsu") da Ibadandun ("Ibadan yana da daɗi"). Najeriya kuma ta shahara da zane-zanen indigo masu launuka biyu, waɗanda aka ƙirƙira ta hanyar rini akai-akai na zane da aka fenti da tushen rogo don ƙirƙirar shuɗi mai zurfi; sannan a wanke manna sannan a rina masa zane a karo na ƙarshe. Ana rina masa zane mai inganci sau 25 ko fiye don ƙirƙirar launin shuɗi mai zurfi da baƙi kafin a wanke manna. Akwai ƙarin nau'ikan rini na indigo-resistant-rediers a wasu sassan Yammacin Afirka; misali, Bamana na Mali suna amfani da laka mai ƙarfi, yayin da masu rini na Senegal suna amfani da manna shinkafa maimakon tushen rogo, kuma Ndop na Kamaru suna amfani da duka == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} r471n82eddge1mp277ddmahms55rvip 3 146398 885040 871988 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885040 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Shafiu Garbah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Shafiu Garbah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 23 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> 7c6cxy0wsc5x0cvvsh6n5m31w0jdsr5 3 146410 885044 871982 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885044 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kabir Sani Citta! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kabir Sani Citta|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 ga Maris, 2026 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> b90h6hnpbqxzyd0ducesw9r7scl9hef 3 148513 885023 871970 2026-07-19T20:52:04Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885023 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Mammysou17! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Mammysou17|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 23 ga Afirilu, 2026 (UTC) == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> fc8tknxkj61ofaht5ecockwxqzsm1x0 0 148681 885092 827363 2026-07-20T09:06:28Z BnHamid 12586 Redirected page to [[Tekun Pacific]] 885092 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tekun Pacific]] s868diog571zgkfzckofcptyoajazf7 0 149197 884888 835455 2026-07-19T12:37:59Z Pharouqenr 25549 884888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Wannan jerin sunayen manajojin '''[[Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta mata ta Najeriya]]''' ne, wanda ya fara daga wasan farko na kasa da kasa a 1991 har zuwa yau. Babban kocin na yanzu shi ne Ba'amurke Randy Waldrum. == Tarihin manajan == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Sunan !Ranar farawa !Ranar ƙarshe !Bayani !Ref |- |Jo Bonfrere | | |ta jagoranci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 1991, a lokaci guda tare da tawagar maza ta Najeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony |first=Janine |date=14 April 2016 |title=China '91, 25 years on: Celebrating the Nigeria Super Falcons |url=http://www.unusualefforts.com/nigeria-super-falcons/ |access-date=20 August 2019 |publisher=Unusual Efforts |archive-date=18 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618224434/http://www.unusualefforts.com/nigeria-super-falcons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |- |[[Paul Hamilton (Ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa)|Paul Hamilton]] | | |an dauke shi a matsayin kocin farko na tawagar mata ta kasa; ya jagoranci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 1995 | |- |[[Mabo Ismaila|Ismaila Mabo]] | | |ya jagoranci Najeriya zuwa wasan karshe na kwata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 1999, don haka an dauke shi a matsayin kocin da ya fi cin nasara; ya jagoranci Najeriya ga Wasannin Olympics na 2004 da 2004<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 June 1999 |title=WOMEN'S WORLD CUP; Flamboyant Nigeria Plays Exuberantly |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/23/sports/women-s-world-cup-flamboyant-nigeria-plays-exuberantly.html |access-date=2018-05-27 |website=New York Times}}</ref> | |- |[[Samuel Okpodu]] |2002 | |ya jagoranci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2003Kofin Duniya na Mata na FIFA na 2003 | |- |[[Godwin Izilien]] | | |ya gudanar da Najeriya don lashe gasar zakarun mata ta Afirka ta 2004 | |- |[[Ntiero Effiom]] | | |ya jagoranci Najeriya a gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata ta FIFA ta 2007; ya jagoranci Najeriya ta lashe Wasannin Afirka na 2003 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sotuminu |first=Dapo |date=14 January 2018 |title=Nigerian national team coaches that died in penury |url=https://newtelegraphonline.com/2018/01/nigerian-national-team-coaches-died-penury/ |access-date=2018-05-10 |website=New Telegraph}}</ref> | |- |[[Joseph Ladipo]] | | |ya jagoranci Najeriya a Wasannin Olympics na 2008; ya jagoranci Najeriya ta lashe Wasannin Afirka na 2007; ya jagoranci Najeriya zuwa matsayi na uku a gasar zakarun mata ta Afirka ta 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria/Ghana: 2008 African Women Championship - Super Falcons Begin Campaign Against Ghana Today |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200811180993.html |access-date=2018-05-11 |website=Leadership}}</ref> | |- |[[Ngozi Eucharia Uche|Uche Eucharia]] | |Oktoba 2011 |ya jagoranci Najeriya ta lashe gasar zakarun mata ta Afirka ta 2010; ya jagoranci Najeriya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2011 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 October 2011 |title=Eucharia Uche, Super Falcons Coach, Sacked |url=https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/117201-eucharia-uche-super-falcons-coach-sacked.html |access-date=5 May 2026 |archive-date=10 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110052706/https://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/top-stories/117201-eucharia-uche-super-falcons-coach-sacked.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Kadiri Ikhana]] |Afrilu 2012 |Nuwamba 2012 |ya jagoranci Najeriya zuwa matsayi na huɗu a Gasar Cin Kofin Mata ta Afirka ta 2012 | |- |Edwin Okon | |Yuni 2015 |ya jagoranci Najeriya ta lashe gasar zakarun mata ta Afirka ta 2014; ya jagoranci Najeriya a Gasar Cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta FIFA ta 2015 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edwin Okon fired, interim coach Danjuma takes over Super Falcons {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/12072/nigeria-women/2015/06/29/13149412/edwin-okon-fired-interim-coach-danjuma-takes-over-super}}</ref> |- |[[Christopher Danjuma]] | |Satumba 2015 |ya jagoranci Najeriya zuwa matsayi na huɗu a Wasannin Afirka na 2015 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2016 |title=NFF Appoints Florence Omagbemi Super Falcons Coach |url=https://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/25095/nff-appoints-florence-omagbemi-super-falcons-coach/ |access-date=5 May 2026 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226162123/https://silverbirdtv.com/nff-appoints-florence-omagbemi-super-falcons-coach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |[[Florence Omagbemi]] |Fabrairu 2016 |Disamba 2016 |ya jagoranci Najeriya ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta Afirka ta 2016Kofin Kasashen Mata na Afirka na 2016 |<ref>https://sg.news.yahoo.com/florence-omagbemi-appointed-interim-coach-071200397.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> |- |Thomas Dennerby |Janairu 2018 |Oktoba 2019 |ya jagoranci Najeriya ta lashe gasar cin kofin mata ta WAFU ta 20192019 WAFU Yankin B Kofin Mata |<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=25 January 2018 |title=NFF signs top Swedish coach, Dennerby, for Super Falcons |url=http://www.thenff.com/2018/01/nff-signs-top-swedish-coach-dennerby-for-super-falcons/ |access-date=2018-04-30 |website=[[Nigeria Football Federation]] |archive-date=2021-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617154514/https://www.thenff.com/2018/01/nff-signs-top-swedish-coach-dennerby-for-super-falcons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Randy Waldrum |Oktoba 2020 |2024 |ya jagoranci Najeriya zuwa matsayi na huɗu a gasar cin kofin Afirka ta mata ta 2022; ya jagoranci Najeriya a gasar cin Kofin Duniya ta Mata ta 2023 da kuma gasar Olympics ta 2024, ta farko tun 2008. |<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=OFFICIAL: NFF Announce Randy Waldrum AS New Super Falcons Head Coach |url=https://www.mysportdab.com/2020/10/nff-announce-waldrum-as-new-super-falcons-head-coach/ |access-date=6 October 2020 |website=MySportDab |publisher=Adedotun}}</ref> |} == Manazarta == 1jpvac6m1n6tmjk9puwl0r5dfxwr97a 0 150380 885118 833690 2026-07-20T09:34:25Z BnHamid 12586 885118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Fayil:Meret FC Salzburg versus SSC Napoli.jpg|thumb]] '''Alessandro Meret''' (an haife shi ranar 22 ga Maris, 1997), wanda aka fi sani da '''Alex Meret''', ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Italiya wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron gida ga ƙungiyar [[Napoli]] da kuma tawagar ƙasar [[Italiya]]. Ana kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun masu tsaron gida na ƙarni na zamani a Italiya saboda ƙwarewarsa wajen tare ƙwallaye, saurin motsi da kuma iya fara gini daga baya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sscnapoli.it/|title=Alex Meret Profile|publisher=SSC Napoli}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alex Meret a garin Udine da ke yankin Friuli-Venezia Giulia na ƙasar Italiya. Tun yana ƙarami ya nuna sha’awa sosai ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, musamman a matsayin mai tsaron gida. Ya fara taka leda a makarantar matasa ta kulob ɗin Udinese inda ya samu horo mai zurfi wanda ya taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙwarewarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.udinese.it/|title=Udinese Youth Academy Players|publisher=Udinese Calcio}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Udinese === Meret ya fara taka rawa a tsarin matasa na Udinese kafin daga bisani ya samu damar shiga babbar ƙungiyar a shekarar 2015. Duk da cewa bai samu damar buga wasanni da yawa ba a farkon aikinsa, masu horarwa da dama sun yaba masa saboda kwazon sa da kuma hazakarsa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.transfermarkt.com/alex-meret/profil/spieler/240414|title=Alex Meret Career Stats|publisher=Transfermarkt}}</ref> === Aro zuwa SPAL === A shekarar 2016, an bayar da shi aro zuwa ƙungiyar SPAL domin samun ƙarin lokacin wasa. A can ne ya fara haskakawa sosai bayan ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen samun nasarori a gasar Serie B. Kyakkyawan rawar da ya taka ya sanya aka ci gaba da aro nasa zuwa kakar wasa ta gaba bayan SPAL ta samu gurbi a Serie A.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/alex-meret/315564/|title=Alex Meret Soccerway Profile|publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> A lokacin da yake SPAL, Meret ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun matasan masu tsaron gida a Italiya. Duk da ya fuskanci wasu raunuka, ya ci gaba da nuna ƙwarewa wajen dakatar da hare-haren abokan hamayya da kuma tsare raga cikin natsuwa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gazzetta.it/|title=Meret impresses at SPAL|publisher=La Gazzetta dello Sport}}</ref> === Napoli === A shekarar 2018, Napoli ta sayi Alex Meret domin ƙarfafa ɓangaren masu tsaron gida. Ya fara fuskantar ƙalubale saboda raunuka a farkon zamansa, amma daga baya ya samu damar zama zaɓi na farko a wasu lokuta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sscnapoli.it/|title=Napoli signs Alex Meret|publisher=SSC Napoli}}</ref> Meret ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen taimaka wa Napoli lashe kofin Coppa Italia na shekarar 2019–20 bayan ya nuna bajinta musamman a bugun fanareti. Daga baya kuma ya taimaka wa ƙungiyar wajen lashe gasar Serie A a kakar 2022–23, nasarar da ta kawo ƙarshen dogon jiran kofin lig ga Napoli.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football|title=Napoli win Serie A title|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref> An yaba masa saboda saurin reflex dinsa, iya kama ƙwallaye masu wahala da kuma nutsuwarsa yayin manyan wasanni. Duk da kasancewar yana fuskantar gasa daga sauran masu tsaron gida, Meret ya ci gaba da kasancewa muhimmiyar jigo a Napoli.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/|title=Alex Meret UEFA Profile|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa == Meret ya wakilci Italiya a matakan matasa daban-daban ciki har da U17, U19 da U21. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Italiya da ta fafata a gasar UEFA European Under-21 Championship, inda ya nuna bajinta sosai.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.figc.it/|title=Italy National Team Profile: Meret|publisher=FIGC}}</ref> Ya fara buga wa babbar tawagar Italiya wasa a shekarar 2019. Haka kuma yana cikin ‘yan wasan da suka taimaka wa Italiya wajen samun nasara a gasar UEFA Euro 2020, duk da cewa bai kasance mai tsaron gida na farko ba.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro-2020/|title=Italy win UEFA Euro 2020|publisher=UEFA}}</ref> == Salon wasa == Alex Meret sananne ne saboda tsayinsa da kuma saurin motsi duk da girman jikinsa. Yana da ƙwarewa wajen tare bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida, sannan yana iya sarrafa ƙwallo da ƙafafunsa cikin natsuwa. Masana ƙwallon ƙafa da dama sun kwatanta shi da tsofaffin manyan masu tsaron gida na Italiya saboda salon wasansa mai cike da nutsuwa da ƙwarewa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/|title=Why Alex Meret is highly rated|publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Napoli === * '''Serie A''': 2022–23 * '''Coppa Italia''': 2019–20 === Italiya === * '''UEFA Euro''': 2020 == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://www.sscnapoli.it/ Alex Meret a shafin Napoli] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/alex-meret/profil/spieler/240414 Alex Meret a Transfermarkt] * [https://www.uefa.com/ Alex Meret a UEFA] {{DEFAULTSORT:Meret, Alex}} [[Category:1997 births]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Yan kwallon kafar Italiya]] [[Category:Masu tsaron gida]] [[Category:Yan wasan Napoli]] [[Category:Yan wasan Udinese]] [[Category:Yan wasan SPAL]] [[Category:Yan wasan Serie A]] nbyrsgkvgdllohvdjoii8cn5b2wjea8 0 150977 885098 835210 2026-07-20T09:09:27Z BnHamid 12586 885098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Tuğrul Şener''' tsohon ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne daga ƙasar [[Turkiyya]]. An haife shi a ranar 19 ga watan Mayu shekara ta 1952 a birnin Yalova na Turkiyya. Ya yi suna sosai musamman a lokacin da yake bugawa kungiyar [[Beşiktaş JK|Beşiktaş]], inda ake kallonsa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ‘yan wasan kungiyar a shekarun 1970.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Eener |title=Tuğrul Şener |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> Şener ya fara buga ƙwallo tun yana ƙarami a yankinsu kafin daga bisani ya shiga makarantar horas da matasa ta Esnafspor. Daga baya ya koma kungiyar Yalovaspor, wacce mahaifinsa Ali Şener ya taimaka wajen kafawa. Bayan nuna ƙwarewa a kungiyar, ya koma Bandırmaspor inda ya yi fice sosai a gasar rukuni na biyu ta Turkiyya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Eener |title=Football career of Tuğrul Şener |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> A shekarar 1971 ne kungiyar Beşiktaş ta ɗauke shi bayan bajintarsa a Bandırmaspor. Ya shafe kusan shekaru bakwai yana taka leda a kungiyar ta Beşiktaş, inda ya taimaka mata wajen lashe kofuna daban-daban ciki har da kofin Turkiyya. A wannan lokaci ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin ‘yan wasan tsakiya masu muhimmanci a kungiyar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sport.de/fussball/pe131652/tugrul-sener/ |title=Tuğrul Şener Karriere |website=Sport.de |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> Bayan barinsa Beşiktaş, Şener ya ci gaba da taka leda a kungiyoyin Mersin İdman Yurdu da Kocaelispor kafin daga ƙarshe ya koma Yalovaspor, inda ya kammala rayuwarsa ta ƙwallon ƙafa. Bayan ritayarsa, ya ci gaba da aiki a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa ta hanyar horaswa da gudanar da ayyuka daban-daban a kungiyoyin yankin Yalova.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tff.org/Default.aspx?antId=5818&pageId=219 |title=TUĞRUL ŞENER - Teknik Adam Bilgileri |website=Turkish Football Federation |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> A matakin ƙasa da ƙasa, Tuğrul Şener ya wakilci tawagar ƙasar Turkiyya sau biyu, sannan ya kuma buga wasa a tawagar ‘yan ƙasa da shekaru 21. Ya kasance cikin tawagar Turkiyya da ta halarci gasar RCD Cup a shekarar 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Eener |title=National team career of Tuğrul Şener |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> A shekarar 2013, an gina mutum-mutumi domin girmama Tuğrul Şener a garinsu na Yalova saboda gudunmawar da ya bayar ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma tarihin wasanni a yankin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Eener |title=Statue of Tuğrul Şener in Yalova |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Nasarori == === Beşiktaş === * Kofin Turkiyya: 1975 * Prime Minister's Cup: 1974 * Presidential Cup: 1974<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Eener |title=Honours of Tuğrul Şener |website=Wikipedia |access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C4%9Frul_%C5%9Eener Tuğrul Şener a Wikipedia ta Turanci] * [https://tff.org/Default.aspx?antId=5818&pageId=219 Bayaninsa a TFF] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sener, Tugrul}} [[Category:Yan wasan kwallon kafa na Turkiyya]] [[Category:Haihuwa a 1952]] [[Category:Mutanen Turkiyya]] k0gu8ah8f4s9bt6bh7zoyfpz0ksmphp 0 151749 885116 837938 2026-07-20T09:32:22Z BnHamid 12586 885116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Musa Dung Davou''' alkalin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ya ƙware a wasan ''futsal''. Ya kasance cikin jerin alkalan wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa da [[FIFA]] da [[CAF]] suka amince da su domin jagorantar wasannin duniya da na nahiyar Afirka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://von.gov.ng/fifa-releases-nigerias-2026-international-referees-list/ |title=FIFA Releases Nigeria’s 2026 International Referees List |website=Voice of Nigeria |date=3 Janairu 2026 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref> An san Musa Dung Davou a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin alkalan wasan ''futsal'' mafi shahara daga Najeriya, musamman bayan samun amincewar FIFA a matsayin alkalin wasa na ƙasa da ƙasa tun shekarar 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://businessday.ng/sports/article/nff-to-decorate-30-referees-with-fifa-badges-for-2025/ |title=NFF to decorate 30 referees with FIFA badges for 2025 |website=BusinessDay Nigeria |date=26 Fabrairu 2025 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A shekarar 2020, FIFA ta zaɓi Musa Dung Davou domin jagorantar wasannin gasar ''Total Africa Futsal Championship'' da aka gudanar a ƙasar Morocco. Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa ya samu nasarar wuce gwaje-gwajen lafiya da ƙwarewa kafin zaɓensa domin gudanar da gasar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://blueprint.ng/fifa-picked-nigeria-referee-for-futsal/ |title=FIFA picks Nigeria referee for Futsal tourney |website=Blueprint Newspapers |date=26 Janairu 2020 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref> A watan Afrilu na shekarar 2024, [[Confederation of African Football|CAF]] ta sanya Musa Dung Davou cikin jerin alkalan wasan da za su jagoranci gasar ''2024 Futsal Africa Cup of Nations'' da aka gudanar a Morocco. Wannan mataki ya jawo yabon magoya bayan ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya saboda ƙarancin alkalan wasan Najeriya da ake samu a manyan gasa na duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.legit.ng/sports/football/1587437-nawao-reactions-nigerian-referees-listed-international-tournament/ |title=Reactions as Nigerian Referee Listed for International Tournament |website=Legit.ng |date=12 Afrilu 2024 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Rahotanni daga kafafen yaɗa labarai sun bayyana cewa Musa Dung Davou ya fito ne daga Jihar Plateau, inda ya fara aikin alkalancin wasa kafin ya kai matakin duniya a fannin ''futsal''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://soccernet.ng/2024/04/humble-beginnings-caf-finally-list-nigerian-male-referee-for-international-event.html |title=CAF finally list Nigerian male referee for international event |website=Soccernet.ng |date=12 Afrilu 2024 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref> Musa Dung Davou ya ci gaba da kasancewa cikin jerin alkalan wasan ''futsal'' na Najeriya da FIFA ta amince da su a shekarun 2024, 2025 da kuma 2026, lamarin da ya nuna yadda yake da ƙwarewa da kwarewar gudanar da wasanni a matakin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/fifa-picks-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistants-for-2024-games/ |title=FIFA picks 11 Nigerian referees, 11 assistants for 2024 games |website=The Guardian Nigeria |date=15 Disamba 2023 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sportsvillagesquare.com/2023/12/14/fifa-places-11-nigerian-referees-11-assistant-referees-on-2024-international-lists/ |title=FIFA places 11 Nigerian referees on international lists |website=Sports Village Square |date=14 Disamba 2023 |access-date=19 Mayu 2026}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[FIFA]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[Najeriya]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Alkalan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na Najeriya]] [[Category:Mutanen Plateau State]] [[Category:Masu ruwa da tsaki a futsal]] tp9w6kqndpwjzesvo4uovce8c57id3n 0 151904 885097 838770 2026-07-20T09:09:03Z BnHamid 12586 885097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Muhammad Yakubu''' ɗan ƙasar Najeriya ne wanda ke aiki a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa (Assistant Referee) a harkar ƙwallon ƙafa. Ya samu karɓuwa a matakin nahiyar Afirka bayan hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka (CAF) ta zaɓe shi cikin jerin matasan alkalan wasa da aka gayyata zuwa shirin horaswa na musamman na shekarar 2025.<ref>Sports247 Nigeria, "CAF Unveils Young Referees For 2025 Training Course; Nigeria’s Muhammad Yakubu Included As Assistant Referee", an wallafa ranar 31 Janairu 2025.</ref> Muhammad Yakubu yana cikin jerin alkalan wasan da aka tantance a ƙarƙashin tsarin hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya ([[FIFA]]) da kuma CAF. A bayanan FIFA, an bayyana shi a matsayin mataimakin alkalin wasa daga Najeriya wanda ke aiki ƙarƙashin CAF tun daga shekarar 2023.<ref>FIFA Inside, "Nigeria Referees List", bayanan alkalan wasan Najeriya a shafin FIFA.</ref> A shekarar 2025, CAF ta haɗa sunansa cikin jerin matasan alkalan wasa da za su halarci ''Young Talents Referee Course'' da aka shirya gudanarwa a birnin Abidjan na ƙasar Côte d’Ivoire. Wannan shiri yana daga cikin dabarun CAF na bunƙasa sababbin alkalan wasa domin samun ƙwarewa a manyan gasa na nahiyar Afirka.<ref>Sports247 Nigeria, "CAF Unveils Young Referees For 2025 Training Course; Nigeria’s Muhammad Yakubu Included As Assistant Referee", 2025.</ref> Muhammad Yakubu na daga cikin sababbin alkalan wasan Najeriya da ake sa ran za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa harkar alƙalanci a ƙasar, musamman a matakan gasar CAF da sauran wasannin ƙasa da ƙasa.<ref>FIFA Inside, "Nigeria Referees List".</ref> == Duba kuma == * [[Nigeria Football Federation]] * [[Confederation of African Football]] * [[FIFA]] == Manazarta == <references/> [[Category: Mutanen Najeriya]] aljpt6e9b0q0a12sdtde0vekh056sor 0 152998 885223 842239 2026-07-20T11:45:53Z BnHamid 12586 885223 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Professor Ezekiel Femi Adebiyi''' ɗan Najeriya ne kuma farfesa a fannin [[Bioinformatics]] da [[Computer science]]. An san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin jagororin binciken bioinformatics a Afirka ta Yamma, kuma ya zama farfesan bioinformatics na farko a yankin Afirka ta Yamma bayan naɗa shi a [[Covenant University]] a shekarar 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.h3abionet.org/index.php/nodes/cu |title=Prof. Ezekiel Adebiyi : Head of CUBRe |website=H3ABioNet |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Ya taba zama mataimakin shugaban kungiyar African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, sannan kuma shugaban Nigerian Society of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-2359 |title=Ezekiel Femi Adebiyi |website=ORCID |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da karatu == An haifi Ezekiel Adebiyi a ranar 28 ga Yulin shekarar 1970 a birnin Ibadan da ke jihar Oyo, Najeriya. Asalinsa daga yankin Boluwaduro na jihar Osun yake.<ref>{{cite news |title=We Aim to Eradicate Malaria in Africa - Ezekiel Adebiyi |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=2012-10-25}}</ref> Ya yi karatun sakandare a makarantar United Community Secondary School da ke Ilorin. Daga shekarar 1987 zuwa 1991 ya yi karatun lissafi a [[University of Ilorin]], inda ya kammala a matsayin mafi ƙwazon ɗalibi a ajinsa. Daga baya ya samu digirin digirgir (M.Sc) a wannan jami'a a shekarar 1995.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-2359 |title=Ezekiel Femi Adebiyi |website=ORCID |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> A shekarar 2002 ya samu digirin PhD a fannin Computer Science – Algorithms and Bioinformatics daga [[University of Tübingen]] da ke ƙasar Jamus ta karkashin tallafin karatu na DAAD.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.h3abionet.org/index.php/nodes/cu |title=Prof. Ezekiel Adebiyi : Head of CUBRe |website=H3ABioNet |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Aiki == Adebiyi ya fara aikin koyarwa a [[University of Ilorin]] a matsayin Graduate Assistant a shekarar 1992. Daga baya ya yi aiki a matsayin visiting scientist a cibiyoyi daban-daban na bincike a Turai da Amurka, ciki har da San Diego Supercomputer Center da German Cancer Research Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-2359 |title=Ezekiel Femi Adebiyi |website=ORCID |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> A shekarar 2008 ya koma [[Covenant University]], sannan aka naɗa shi farfesa a shekarar 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cubre.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/previous-team/ |title=Previous CUBRe Team |website=Covenant University Bioinformatics Research |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> Shi ne shugaban farko na Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), wata cibiyar bincike da ke mayar da hankali kan bioinformatics, genomics, da nazarin cututtuka irin su malaria da cututtukan gado.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.h3abionet.org/nodes/cu |title=Building Pan-African Bioinformatics Capacity |website=H3ABioNet |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Bincike == Babban fannin bincikensa ya haɗa da: * Computational molecular biology * Bioinformatics * Human genetics * Genomics * Nazarin malaria ta hanyar amfani da kwamfuta Adebiyi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ayyukan binciken malaria a Afirka, tare da amfani da dabarun bioinformatics wajen gano hanyoyin magance cutar.<ref>{{cite news |title=Covenant varsity don discovers way to eradicate malaria |work=Vanguard Newspaper |date=2011-04-07}}</ref> Har ila yau ya kasance cikin jagororin aikin NIH H3ABioNet Consortium, wanda ke tallafa wa binciken genomics da bioinformatics a Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.h3abionet.org/index.php/nodes/cu |title=Prof. Ezekiel Adebiyi : Head of CUBRe |website=H3ABioNet |access-date=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Mukamai == * Shugaban Nigerian Society of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology * Mataimakin shugaban African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (2007–2011) * Jagoran Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe) == Duba kuma == * [[Covenant University]] * [[Bioinformatics]] * [[University of Ilorin]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin waje == * [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1390-2359 ORCID Profile] * [https://www.h3abionet.org/index.php/nodes/cu H3ABioNet Profile] [[Category:Haifaffun 1970]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] eb6lt0uwn6xzm4nmpm43pu8xhpg7jpt 0 153456 885096 843372 2026-07-20T09:08:36Z BnHamid 12586 885096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ValueJet Cup Organising Committee | image = | caption = Kwamitin shirya gasar ValueJet Cup | formation = 2022 | type = Kwamitin shirya gasar ƙwallon ƙafa | headquarters = Ikenne, Jihar Ogun, Najeriya | region_served = Najeriya | leader_title = Shugaba | leader_name = Marigayi Otunba Tade Azeez | key_people = Tobi Adepoju (Shugaban Sadarwa), Oye Bawala (Daraktan Gasa) | website = }} '''ValueJet Cup Organising Committee''' (Kwamitin Shirya Gasar ValueJet Cup) ƙungiya ce da ke da alhakin tsara, gudanarwa da kuma kula da gasar '''ValueJet Cup''', wata babbar gasar shirye-shiryen kakar wasa (pre-season tournament) ta ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya. An kafa kwamitin ne domin samar wa ƙungiyoyin gasar Firimiya ta Najeriya (NPFL) da masu wakiltar ƙasar a gasannin nahiyar Afirka wata dama ta shirya kakar wasa cikin yanayi mai inganci da gasa mai ƙarfi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Organisers of ValueJet Cup 2.0 announces Aug. 4 as kick-off date |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/organisers-of-valuejet-cup-20-announces-aug-4-as-kick-off-date |work=Africa Sport Network |date=18 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Pre-season football Championship returns with top NPFL clubs |url=https://www.sports247.ng/valuejet-pre-season-football-championship-returns-with-top-npfl-clubs/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=29 July 2023}}</ref> == Tarihi == An fara gudanar da gasar ValueJet Cup a shekarar 2022 bayan haɗin gwiwa tsakanin masu shirya gasar da kamfanin jiragen sama na ValueJet Airline a matsayin babban mai ɗaukar nauyi. Kwamitin shirya gasar ya bayyana cewa manufarsa ita ce mayar da gasar ta zama wani babban abin tarihi da zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya tare da samar da yanayi mai kyau ga ƙungiyoyi kafin fara kakar wasa. A lokacin ƙaddamar da tambarin gasar, shugaban kwamitin, Otunba Tade Azeez, ya bayyana cewa an yi shekaru ana shirya irin wannan gasa domin tallata martabar Jihar Ogun kafin daga bisani aka mayar da ita wani aiki na dindindin mai ƙima.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Organizers Launch ValueJet Cup Brand Identity |url=https://www.sports247.ng/organizers-launch-valuejet-cup-brand-identity/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=22 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Organisers plans big for Valuejet Cup, launch identity |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/organisers-plans-big-for-valuejet-cup-launch-identity/ |work=New Telegraph |date=23 August 2022}}</ref> == Manufofi == Babbar manufar kwamitin ita ce samar da wata gasa mai inganci da za ta taimaka wa ƙungiyoyin Najeriya da ke shirin shiga gasannin cikin gida da na nahiyar Afirka. Haka kuma kwamitin yana da burin gina gasar da za ta zama ɗaya daga cikin fitattun gasannin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa a Afirka, tare da jawo masu ɗaukar nauyi, kafafen yaɗa labarai da magoya baya daga sassa daban-daban na nahiyar.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Cup 2023 announces N2m bounty for Champions |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/valuejet-cup-2023-announces-n2m-bounty-for-champions |work=Africa Sport Network |date=29 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Cup: Organisers earmark N2M for 2023 winners |url=https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/valuejet-cup-organisers-earmark-n2m-for-2023-winners/ |work=National Accord |date=30 July 2023}}</ref> == Jagoranci == Daga cikin fitattun shugabannin kwamitin akwai '''Otunba Tade Azeez''', wanda ya kasance shugaban kwamitin tun farkon gasar. Azeez tsohon mataimakin shugaban Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Jihar Legas ne kuma tsohon shugaban Ƙungiyar Alƙalan Wasan Ƙwallon Ƙafa ta Najeriya. A ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, gasar ta samu ci gaba a fannoni da dama ciki har da yawan ƙungiyoyin da ke halarta, kuɗaɗen lada da kuma yada wasanni kai tsaye ga masu kallo.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Pre-season football Championship returns with top NPFL clubs |url=https://www.sports247.ng/valuejet-pre-season-football-championship-returns-with-top-npfl-clubs/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=29 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Cup: Organisers earmark N2M for 2023 winners |url=https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/valuejet-cup-organisers-earmark-n2m-for-2023-winners/ |work=National Accord |date=30 July 2023}}</ref> Shugaban sashen sadarwa na gasar, '''Tobi Adepoju''', ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina martabar gasar da kuma tallata ta a kafafen yaɗa labarai. Ya bayyana cewa kwamitin ya yi nazari kan yadda manyan gasannin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa na duniya ke gudana domin ɗaukar darussa da za su taimaka wajen bunƙasa ValueJet Cup zuwa matakin duniya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Organizers Launch ValueJet Cup Brand Identity |url=https://www.sports247.ng/organizers-launch-valuejet-cup-brand-identity/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=22 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Organisers plans big for Valuejet Cup, launch identity |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/organisers-plans-big-for-valuejet-cup-launch-identity/ |work=New Telegraph |date=23 August 2022}}</ref> == Ci gaban gasar == A shekarar 2023, kwamitin ya ƙara yawan kuɗaɗen lada da tallafin shiga gasar ga ƙungiyoyin da suka halarta. An ware Naira miliyan 2 ga zakarun gasar, yayin da sauran ƙungiyoyi suka samu kuɗaɗen halarta da na sufuri. Hakan ya nuna ƙoƙarin kwamitin na ƙara darajar gasar a kowace shekara.<ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Cup: Organisers earmark N2M for 2023 winners |url=https://www.nationalaccordnewspaper.com/valuejet-cup-organisers-earmark-n2m-for-2023-winners/ |work=National Accord |date=30 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ValueJet Cup 2023 announces N2m bounty for Champions |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/valuejet-cup-2023-announces-n2m-bounty-for-champions |work=Africa Sport Network |date=29 July 2023}}</ref> A shekarar 2024 kuma, kwamitin ya sanar da ƙarin kusan kashi 300 cikin 100 na kuɗaɗen lada, inda jimillar kuɗaɗen da aka ware wa gasar suka kai Naira miliyan 16. Haka kuma an faɗaɗa gasar ta yadda ƙungiyoyi daga wajen Najeriya suka samu damar shiga, lamarin da ya ƙara wa gasar armashi da martaba a yankin Afirka ta Yamma.<ref>{{Cite news |title=2024 Valuejet Preseason Tournament gets 300% increment in prize money |url=https://www.africasport.net/article/football/2024-valuejet-preseason-tournament-gets-300-increment-in-prize-money |work=Africa Sport Network |date=19 July 2024}}</ref> == Bayan rasuwar Tade Azeez == A shekarar 2025, masu shirya gasar sun sanar da cewa za a gudanar da ValueJet Cup na shekarar a matsayin tunawa da marigayi Otunba Tade Azeez, wanda ya rasu bayan ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa da bunƙasa gasar. Daraktan gasar, Oye Bawala, ya bayyana cewa za a ci gaba da tafiyar da manufofin da marigayin ya shimfiɗa domin tabbatar da cewa gasar ta ci gaba da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan gasannin shirye-shiryen kakar wasa a Najeriya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Value Jet Cup 2025 Pre-season Tournament set to honour Otunba Tade Azeez |url=https://www.sports247.ng/value-jet-cup-2025-pre-season-tournament-set-to-honour-otunba-tade-azeez/ |work=Sports247 Nigeria |date=30 July 2025}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * ValueJet Cup * Najeriya Premier Football League * Remo Stars F.C. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Kungiyoyi ]] [[Category:Kungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa a Najeriya]] [[Category:Wasanni a Najeriya]] [[Category:An kafa su a shekarar 2022]] khnm86zbbdba2mdm6fmtbv1bq084tu3 0 154938 885119 847341 2026-07-20T09:35:16Z BnHamid 12586 885119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jude Dibia | birth_date = 5 January 1975 | birth_place = Lagos, Nigeria | nationality = Nigerian | occupation = Novelist, short story writer, human rights activist | known_for = ''Walking With Shadows'' }} '''Jude Dibia''' marubuci ne ɗan Najeriya kuma mai fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam. An fi saninsa da littafinsa mai suna ''Walking With Shadows'', wanda aka ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin farkon litattafan Afirka ta Yamma da suka mayar da hankali kan rayuwar wani ɗan luwadi a matsayin babban jarumi. Wannan littafi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen buɗe tattaunawa kan batutuwan jinsi da ainihi a adabin Najeriya.<ref>{{cite web |title=‘Queer people were living, loving, suffering, surviving - but invisible’: West Africa’s groundbreaking gay novel 20 years on |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/jul/21/west-africa-gay-novel-jude-dibia-walking-with-shadows |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Jude Dibia a birnin Lagos na Najeriya a ranar 5 ga Janairu 1975. Ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Ibadan inda ya karanta harshen Jamusanci (German). Tun yana matashi yana sha'awar rubuce-rubuce, wanda daga baya ya zama sana'arsa ta adabi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jude Dibia – ICORN profile |url=https://www.icorn.org/writers-artists-journalists/jude-dibia |website=ICORN}}</ref> == Aikin rubuce-rubuce == Dibia ya fara samun shahara ne bayan wallafa littafinsa ''Walking With Shadows'' a shekarar 2005. Littafin ya bayyana rayuwar Adrian Njoko, wani mutum mai aure wanda ke fama da rikicin bayyana ainihin sha'awarsa a cikin al'umma mai tsananin ƙin ɗan luwadi. Masana adabi sun bayyana wannan littafi a matsayin wani muhimmin aiki da ya kawo sabon salo a adabin Afirka ta Yamma saboda yadda ya nuna rayuwar LGBTQ+ cikin tausayi maimakon hukunci.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jude Dibia – ICORN profile |url=https://www.icorn.org/writers-artists-journalists/jude-dibia |website=ICORN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Queer representation in African literature |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362157695_Jude_Dibia%27s_Walking_with_Shadows_and_the_Representation_of_Queerness_in_the_Nigerian_Context |website=ResearchGate}}</ref> Bayan haka ya rubuta: * ''Unbridled'' (2007) * ''Blackbird'' (2011) Waɗannan ayyuka sun ci gaba da binciko batutuwan zamantakewa kamar cin zarafi, rashin adalci, da haƙƙin ɗan Adam.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jude Dibia bibliography |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jude_Dibia |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> == Kyaututtuka == A shekarar 2007, Jude Dibia ya lashe kyautar Ken Saro-Wiwa Prize for Prose saboda littafinsa ''Unbridled''. Wannan ya ƙara tabbatar da matsayinsa a adabin Najeriya da Afirka gaba ɗaya.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICORN profile of Jude Dibia |url=https://www.icorn.org/writers-artists-journalists/jude-dibia |website=ICORN}}</ref> == Fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam == Bayan wallafa ayyukansa, Dibia ya shiga cikin tattaunawa kan haƙƙin LGBTQ+ a Najeriya. Bayan kafa dokar hana auren jinsi ɗaya a 2014, ya bayyana damuwarsa kan tasirin wannan doka ga rayuwar mutane LGBTQ+. Daga baya ya bar Najeriya kuma ya zauna a Sweden a ƙarƙashin shirin ICORN na marubutan da ke fuskantar barazana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nigerian writer speaks on LGBTQ rights and exile |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/nigerian-writer-countrys-anti-gay-law-driving-gays-into-shadows/2540025.html |website=Voice of America}}</ref> == Tasiri == Ana kallon Jude Dibia a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin marubutan da suka fara kawo labaran LGBTQ+ cikin adabin Najeriya ta hanyar da ke nuna mutumtaka da ƙalubale. Littafinsa ''Walking With Shadows'' ya zama abin nazari a jami'o'i da cibiyoyin bincike saboda muhimmancinsa a tarihin adabin zamani na Afirka.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Guardian feature on Walking With Shadows |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2025/jul/21/west-africa-gay-novel-jude-dibia-walking-with-shadows |website=The Guardian}}</ref> == Ayyuka == * ''Walking With Shadows'' (2005) * ''Unbridled'' (2007) * ''Blackbird'' (2011) == Manazarta== {{Reflist}} [[Category: Haifaffun 1975]] [[Category:Rayayyun Mutane]] [[Category: Marubutan Najeriya]] [[Category:Human rights activists]] [[Category:People from Lagos]] kga9oleidbyf1aer20ttdvv8b30fi7y 0 155840 885109 851275 2026-07-20T09:20:51Z BnHamid 12586 885109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cut Hill''' wani tudu ne a Arewacin Dartmoor a kudu maso yammacin Ingila na Devon . A mita 603 a tsawo, shi ne haɗin gwiwa na uku mafi girma a Devon da Dartmoor, tare da Hangingstone Hill, wanda ke kusa da kilomita 4 zuwa arewa maso gabas. Dutsen yana cikin Yankin horar da sojoji a kan Dartmoor kuma ba a iya isa ga jama'a sai dai a wasu lokuta. Yana daya daga cikin wuraren da ke nesa da Dartmoor kuma yana da sa'a da rabi daga Postbridge. Akwai ra'ayoyi masu kyau daga saman da ke "tsakanin mafi kyawun da Dartmoor ke bayarwa". Dutsen yana kewaye da ƙasa mai laushi da tussocky, <ref name="DW" /> da kuma turf hags. Sunan tudun ya samo asali ne daga hanyar tsohuwar makiyayi - Cut Lane - wanda ke yankewa ta hanyar fen da ke raba kwarin Dart da Tavy kuma ana amfani da shi don sauƙaƙe motsi na dabbobi a fadin moor. == Rukunin dutse == A shekara ta 2004, an gano wani layi na dutse a Cut Hill wanda ya kai shekaru 3,500 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (AS) kuma ya haskaka wani yanki inda har yanzu babu wata shaida ta rayuwar tarihi. Akwai duwatsu tara na dutse da aka mayar da hankali a arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma kamar yadda yake a Stonehenge kuma masanin ilmin kayan tarihi, Dr. Tom Greeves, ya bayyana su a matsayin "masu mahimmanci a duniya".<ref name="BBC Devon" /> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2e6q0kyfn8bb44t2jqf7ameprn5g0po 0 155972 885106 851759 2026-07-20T09:17:51Z BnHamid 12586 885106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Gyara mukala}} A cikin ilmin annoba, annobar budurwa ce ta annoba inda mutanen da a baya suka kasance a ware daga kwayar cuta ba su da shiri a kan rigakafi bayan sun haɗu da sabon kwayar cutaa. Cutar ƙasa ta budurwa ta faru ne tare da mazaunin Turai, musamman lokacin da masu binciken Turai da masu mulkin mallaka suka dauki cututtuka zuwa ƙasashen da suka zauna a [[Turawa ta mallaki Amurka|Amurka]], Ostiraliya da [[Jerin tsibirai a cikin Tekun Pacific|Tsibirin Pacific]]. Lokacin da aka ware yawan jama'a daga wani kwayar cuta ba tare da wani hulɗa ba, mutane a cikin wannan yawan ba su gina wani rigakafi ga wannan kwayar ba kuma ba su sami rigakafi da aka wuce daga uwa zuwa yaro ba. Masanin cututtukan cututtuka Francis Black ya ba da shawarar cewa wasu al'ummomin da aka ware bazai haɗu da su isa su zama masu [[Bambancin muhalli|bambancin]] kwayar halitta kamar masu mulkin mallaka, wanda kuma zai shafi rigakafin su na halitta, saboda yiwuwar fa'idodi ga aikin tsarin rigakafi saboda bambancin kwaya. Wannan na iya faruwa kuma lokacin da irin wannan lokaci mai yawa ya wuce tsakanin barkewar cutar cewa babu wanda a cikin wata al'umma da ya taɓa fuskantar cutar don samun rigakafi. Sakamakon haka, lokacin da aka gabatar da cutar da ba a sani ba a baya ga irin wannan yawan jama'a, akwai karuwa a cikin cututtuka da Yawan mace-mace. A tarihi, wannan karuwar sau da yawa tana da lalacewa kuma koyaushe ana iya lura da ita. Cututtukan da aka gabatar a Amurka ta hanyar Turawa da 'yan Afirka sun hada da [[Baƙondoro|kyanda]], zazzabi mai launin rawaya, kyanda da [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da sabbin nau'ikan [[typhus]] da [[Influenza|mura]]. Har ila yau, annobar ƙasa ta budurwa ta faru a wasu yankuna. Misali, Daular Romawa ta yada kyanda ga sababbin mutane a Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya a karni na 2 AD, kuma [[Masarautar Mongol|Daular Mongol]] ta kawo annoba ta bubonic zuwa Turai da Gabashin Tsakiya a ƙarni na 14. == Tarihin kalmar == Kalmar nan "tsarin budurwa" an kirkireshi ne daga Alfred Crosby a matsayin annoba "wanda mutanen da ke cikin haɗari ba su da wata hulɗa ta baya da cututtukan da suka addabe su kuma saboda haka kusan ba su da kariya. " Tunaninsa yana da alaƙa da wanda William McNeill ya kirkira, wanda ya haɗa ci gaban noma da rayuwa mai zaman kanta tare da fitowar sabbin cututtuka yayin da suka tashi daga dabbobi na gida zuwa mutane. A cikin amfani da kalmar farko, a cikin 1973, Peter Moodie ya ce kyanda da chickenpox, waɗanda yawanci cututtukan yara ne, na iya haifar da cututtukani masu haɗari a cikin 'ƙasa' na 'budurwa', kuma suna iya haifar da haɗari mai haɗari kamar cutar huhu. Daga baya Jared Diamond zai karɓi ra'ayin a matsayin babban jigon a cikin sanannen littafinsa Guns, Germs and Steel a matsayin bayani game da nasarar fadada Turai.<ref name="jones2003">{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=David |date=2003 |title=Virgin Soils Revisited |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=703–742 |doi=10.2307/3491697 |jstor=3491697}}</ref> == Tarihin tarihi == === Yaduwar 'yan asalin Amurka === Saboda iyakantaccen hulɗa tsakanin al'ummomi da kuma iyakantacciyar lokuta na zoonosis, yaduwar cututtukan cututtuka masu yaduwa gabaɗaya an hana su a cikin al'ummomin 'yan asalin Amurka. Wannan ya bambanta da Eurasia, inda yawancin dabbobi masu gida da ke kusa da yawan mutane zasu haifar da cututtukan zoonotic akai-akai, wanda hakan zai bazu tsakanin yawan mutane cikin sauƙi saboda kasuwanci da yaƙi. Ba a fallasa 'yan asalin ƙasar Amirka ga wannan tafkin da ke tattare da cututtukan Eurasia ba har sai da Turawa suka mallaki Amurka, wanda hakan ya haifar da annobar ƙasa ta budurwa tsakanin' yan asalin ƙasar Amirka.[1] == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] kfx413rntwqve0dasmsw8515wnepvry 0 158197 885101 859491 2026-07-20T09:11:57Z BnHamid 12586 Redirected page to [[Zazzabin Rawaya]] 885101 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Zazzabin Rawaya]] d7cx1bcnrgn2m6zdl5t9h7nduuvh1jh 0 158265 885093 859608 2026-07-20T09:06:55Z BnHamid 12586 885093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dam din Manchira''' dam ne a gundumar Serengeti, yankin Mara na Tanzaniya. Manufar aikin ita ce samar da isasshen ruwa mai tsafta ga mazauna garin Mugumu da kauyukan Kebosongo da Rwamchanga da Morotonga da Bwitengi da Kisangura da kuma Matare da ke makwabtaka da su. == Tarihi == An fara gina madatsar ruwa ta Manchira a shekarar 1980. An yi kiyasin farko da aikin zai kai TZS 32m/-. Ya zuwa yanzu gwamnatin Tanzaniya ta kashe TZS 2.4bn/-. Ministan Ruwa, Stephen Wassira, ya bayyana cewa gwamnati za ta yi iya kokarinta don samun TZS 2.2bn/- don kammala aikin dam a cikin shekaru biyar masu zuwa. A ranar 2 ga Yuli, 2010, shugaban Tanzaniya, Jakaya Kikwete ya kaddamar da madatsar ruwa a hukumance. Aikin ya dauki shekaru 30 ana kammala shi kuma ya kashe al'ummar kasa sama da biliyan TZS10.<ref>The Guardian.</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Teku]] otxfoyabpoztgyo6hmr4nj8vqoh8qho 0 158613 885084 861223 2026-07-20T09:01:25Z BnHamid 12586 885084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Voacangine''' (12-methoxyibogamine-18-carboxylic acid methyl ester) wani alkaloid ne da aka samo mafi yawa a cikin tushen itacen Voacanga africana, da kuma wasu tsire-tsire kamar ''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]'', Tabernaemontana africana, ''Trachelospermum jasminoides'', ''Tabernaemontana divaricata'' da ''Ervatamia yunnanensis''. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fatima |first=T. |last2=Ijaz |first2=S. |last3=Crank |first3=G. |last4=Wasti |first4=S. |year=1987 |title=Indole Alkaloids from ''Trachelospermum jasminoides'' |journal=Planta Medica |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=57–59 |bibcode=1987PlMed..53...57F |doi=10.1055/s-2006-962620 |pmid=17268963 |s2cid=910492}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liu |first=G. |last2=Liu |first2=X. |last3=Feng |first3=X. Z. |year=1988 |title=Ervayunine: A New Indole Alkaloid from ''Ervatamia yunnanensis'' |journal=Planta Medica |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=519–521 |bibcode=1988PlMed..54..519G |doi=10.1055/s-2006-962535 |pmid=3212080 |s2cid=84629414}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jenks |first=C. W. |year=2002 |title=Extraction Studies of ''Tabernanthe iboga'' and ''Voacanga africana'' |journal=Natural Product Letters |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=71–76 |doi=10.1080/1057563029001/4881 |pmid=11942686 |s2cid=23390825}}</ref> Yana da alkaloid na iboga wanda yawanci ke aiki a matsayin mai gabatarwa ga rabin-synthesis na Ibogaine. A karkashin UV-A da UV-B hasken lu'ulu'u suna haskakawa mai launin shudi-kore, kuma yana narkewa cikin ethanol. == Ilimin Magunguna == === Pharmacodynamics === Voacangine yana nuna ayyukan hanawa AChE.[1][2] Docking simulation yana nuna cewa yana da tasirin hanawa akan VEGF2 kinase[3] kuma yana rage angiogenesis.[4] [5] Kamar ibogaine, babban mai hana HERG a cikin vitro.[6] Hakanan yana aiki azaman antagonist zuwa TRPM8 da TRPV1 mai karɓa, amma agonist na TRPA1.[7] [8] === Magunguna === Cikakken bioavailability na voacangine yana kusa da 11-13% . <ref name="pmid27257769">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Mair CE, de Miranda Silva C, Grienke U, Kratz JM, Carreño F, Zimmermann ES, de Araújo BV, Dalla Costa T, Rollinger JM |date=July 2016 |title=Pharmacokinetics of hERG Channel Blocking Voacangine in Wistar Rats Applying a Validated LC-ESI-MS/MS Method |url= |journal=[[Planta Medica]] |volume=82 |issue=11–12 |pages=1030–8 |bibcode=2016PlMed..82.1030M |doi=10.1055/s-0042-107800 |issn= |pmid=27257769 |s2cid=24504763}}</ref> == Sakamakon sakamako == Babban allurai na voacangine yana haifar da convulsions da asphyxia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Erowid Voacanga africana Vault : Info #1 |url=https://www.erowid.org/plants/voacanga_africana/voacanga_africana_info1.shtml}}</ref> == Sanyen sunadarai == === Biosynthesis === Sakamakon biosynthesis na (-) -voacangine a cikin ''[[Tabernanthe iboga]]'', wani (-) -ibogamine-type alkaloid, an bayyana shi ta hanyar hakar ma'adinai na homology-guided transcriptome.<ref name="pmid31364847">{{Cite journal |last=Farrow |first=Scott C. |last2=Kamileen |first2=Mohamed O. |last3=Caputi |first3=Lorenzo |last4=Bussey |first4=Kate |last5=Munday |first5=Julia E. A. |last6=McAtee |first6=Rory C. |last7=Stephenson |first7=Corey R. J. |last8=O'Connor |first8=Sarah E. |date=31 July 2019 |title=Biosynthesis of an Anti-Addiction Agent from the Iboga Plant |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |volume=141 |issue=33 |pages=12979–12983 |bibcode=2019JAChS.14112979F |doi=10.1021/jacs.9b05999 |pmc=6706869 |pmid=31364847}}</ref> An gano rubutun RNA da ake zargi da ke cikin (-) -voacangine biosynthesis ta hanyar jerin homology zuwa enzymes da aka bayyana a baya wanda ya ƙunshi (+) -catharanthine biosynthes, a (+) -ibogamine-type alkaloid daga tsire-tsire masu alaƙa da lissafi ''Catharanthus roseus''.<ref name="pmid29511102">{{Cite journal |last=Qu |first=Yang |last2=Easson |first2=Micahel E. A. M. |last3=Simionescu |first3=Razvan |last4=Hajicek |first4=Josef |last5=Thamm |first5=Antje M. K. |last6=Salim |first6=Vonny |last7=De Luca |first7=Vicenzo |date=March 6, 2018 |title=Solution of the multistep pathway for assembly of corynanthean, strychnos, iboga, and aspidosperma monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from 19E-geissoschizine |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=115 |issue=12 |pages=3180–3185 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.3180Q |doi=10.1073/pnas.1719979115 |pmc=5866588 |pmid=29511102 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ibogamine-type alkaloids ne biosynthesized daga ƙarshen mataki na tsakiya na stemmadenine acetate, wani tsakiya na tsakiya mai tsakiya na strictosidine don adadi mai yawa na kayan halitta na shuka. An bayyana biosynthesis na stemmadenine acetate a cikin ''C. roseus'' <ref name="pmid29511102">{{Cite journal |last=Qu |first=Yang |last2=Easson |first2=Micahel E. A. M. |last3=Simionescu |first3=Razvan |last4=Hajicek |first4=Josef |last5=Thamm |first5=Antje M. K. |last6=Salim |first6=Vonny |last7=De Luca |first7=Vicenzo |date=March 6, 2018 |title=Solution of the multistep pathway for assembly of corynanthean, strychnos, iboga, and aspidosperma monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from 19E-geissoschizine |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=115 |issue=12 |pages=3180–3185 |bibcode=2018PNAS..115.3180Q |doi=10.1073/pnas.1719979115 |pmc=5866588 |pmid=29511102 |doi-access=free}}</ref> amma ya kasance ba a bayyana shi ba a cikin ''T. Iboga''. [[Fayil:Late-stage_voacangine_biosynthesis.svg|center|class=skin-invert-image|frame|Tsarin ƙarshen ƙarshen biosynthesis na (-) -voacangine a cikin Tabernanthe iboga]] Juyawa na stemmadenine acetate zuwa (-) -voacangine a cikin ''T. Iboga'' ya ƙunshi enzymes biyar. Na farko, an canza stemmadenine acetate (1) zuwa precondylocarpine acetate (2) ta ɗaya daga cikin uku na ''T. Iboga'' precondyloccarpine acetame synthases (TiPAS1/2/3), mai dogara da flavin. Na gaba, 2 an rage shi zuwa enamine (3), dihydroprecondylocarpine acetate, ta ɗaya daga cikin ''T. Iboga'' dihydroprocondylocharpine acetate synthase (TiDPAS1/2). Har zuwa wannan lokacin, hanyar biosynthetic zuwa (-) -ibogamine alkaloids da (+) -ibogamin alkaloids iri ɗaya ne. Bambancin Stereochemical yana faruwa a lokacin mataki na cyclization, inda ''T. Iboga'' coronaridine synthase (TiCorS), homologue na catharanthine synthase, yana haifar da amsawar Diels-Alder na stereoselective akan dehydrosecodine (4) don SAM da coronaridin iminium (5). Hanyar da aka gabatar don samar da dehydrosecodine daga 3 ya haɗa da iminium-formation / deacetylation, enamine-formation, da isomerization na gaba. Rage 5 zuwa (-) -coronaridine (6) an ba da shawarar TiDPAS ta haɓaka shi, kodayake ba a san ko raguwar a zahiri enzymatic ne saboda rashin gwajin amsawa tare da NADPH kawai. [Lura 1] Bayan kafa 6, ana amfani da substratum 10-hydroxylated ta hanyar ibogamine 10-hydroxylase (I10H), Enzyme na CYP450, sannan kuma 10-O-methylated ta hanyar noribogaine-10-O-methyltransferase (N10OMT), enzyme mai dogara da SAM, <ref name="pmid30030374">{{Cite journal |last=Farrow |first=Scott C. |last2=Kamileen |first2=Mohamed O. |last3=Meades |first3=Jessica |last4=Ameyaw |first4=Belinda |last5=Xiao |first5=Youli |last6=O'Connor |first6=Sarah E. |date=September 7, 2018 |title=Cytochrome P450 and O-methyltransferase catalyze the final steps in the biosynthesis of the anti-addictive alkaloid ibogaine from Tabernanthe iboga |journal=J Biol Chem |volume=293 |issue=36 |pages=13821–13833 |doi=10.1074/jbc.RA118.004060 |pmc=6130943 |pmid=30030374 |doi-access=free}}</ref> don samar da (-) -voacangine (7). == Dubi kuma == * 18-Methoxycoronaridine * Coronaridine * Ibogaine * Noribogaine * [[Voacamine]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9qizvf83b6whqgf5obm05gxtdbcf99a 2 158843 885082 864890 2026-07-20T07:22:25Z Isanwanka 46169 /* */ Isan Wanka Mahuta 885082 wikitext text/x-wiki Isan Wanka Mahuta sunan da ka fi amfani da shi a harkar kiɗa ne. An bayyana shi a baya a matsayin mawakin Hausa daga Mahuta, ƙaramar hukumar Dandume, Jihar Katsina, Najeriya. An san Isan Wanka Mahuta da: Waƙoƙin soyayya. Waƙoƙin fadakarwa. Waƙoƙin al'adu da suka shafi rayuwar Hausawa. Rubuta waƙoƙi da nishaɗantar da jama'a. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka ambata akwai: Shahararriya waƙarsa "Madubin Raina". Shirin matasa na MAHUTA YOUTH CONNECT. A takaice, Isan Wanka Mahuta mawaki ne kuma marubucin waƙoƙin Hausa wanda yake amfani da fasahar zamani wajen yaɗa ayyukansa na kiɗa da nishaɗantarwa. rxvgko48bjox9n0qeeehna52cqu91ln 0 159180 885102 863485 2026-07-20T09:12:35Z BnHamid 12586 885102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Kula da cutar kanjamau''''' (subtitle: Psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of AIDS / HIV) wata mujallar kiwon lafiya ce da ake nazari da ita wanda ke buga binciken kanjamau / AIDS daga fannoni daban-daban, gami da [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|ilimin halayyar dan adam]] da zamantakewa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aims & scope |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=aimsScope&journalCode=caic20 |access-date=12 June 2016 |website=AIDS Care website}}</ref> An kafa shi a cikin 1989 kuma Taylor & Francis ne ke buga shi sau goma a kowace shekara. Babban edita shine Lorraine Sherr (Jami'ar Jami'ar London). A cewar Jaridar Citation Reports, mujallar tana da tasirin tasirin 2021 na 1.887. Ciwon rashin lafiya (AIDS), ci gaba ne, wanda ake kira na yau da kullun. Kwayar cutar rigakafin mutum ce ta haifar da shi, wanda ake kira HIV. Kwayar cutar HIV tana lalata tsarin rigakafi don jiki ba zai iya yaki da kamuwa da cuta da cututtuka ba. Idan ba a kula da kwayar cutar kanjamau ba, zai iya ɗaukar shekaru kafin ya raunana tsarin rigakafin ya isa ya zama cutar kanjamaun daji. Godiya ga magani, yawancin mutane a Amurka ba sa samun cutar kanjamau. A cewar Wikipedia HIV galibi ana yaduwa ta hanyar jima'i ta hanyar jini, maniyyi, ko ruwa na farji. Hakanan yana iya yaduwa daga uwa zuwa yaro yayin daukar ciki, haihuwa, ko shayarwa. HIV yana cikin ruwa a matsayin kwayar cuta kyauta da kuma a cikin ƙwayoyin da suka kamu da cuta. Hadarin yaduwar cutar ba shi da mahimmanci idan abokin tarayya mai kamuwa da cutar yana da nauyin kwayar cuta da ba a iya ganowa ba. Kula da cutar kanjamau ya haɗa da maganin antiretroviral (ART) don kawar da kwayar cutar da ƙarfafa tsarin rigakafi. Binciken likitanci na yau da kullun yana sa ido kan lafiya da kuma kula da cututtukan da suka dace. Abinci mai gina jiki, tsabta, da tallafin lafiyar kwakwalwa suna da mahimmanci. Ayyuka masu aminci suna hana yaduwa ga wasu. Ƙungiyoyin tallafi suna ba da taimako na motsin rai da na zamantakewa. Biya magani yana inganta ingancin rayuwa da tsammanin rayuwa. Kulawa kuma ya haɗa da sarrafa yanayin da ke tattare da shi kamar tarin fuka ko hepatitis. Ilimi da ba da shawara suna ba da damar mutane su rayu da kyau kuma su yanke shawara game da kiwon lafiya. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website|http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/caic20}} [[Category: Mujallu]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 4ezm7s4tr5ybuwaf7hnkb1p1ullp24x 3 160284 885039 871991 2026-07-19T20:52:05Z MediaWiki message delivery 3927 /* Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! */ sabon sashe 885039 wikitext text/x-wiki == Thank you for joining Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! == Dear Participant, Thank you so much for participating in the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 campaign! Whether you were writing articles or uploading photos to Wikimedia Commons, your contributions have helped share beautiful traditions, Islamic history, and cultural heritage with the rest of the world. We want to make sure next year's campaign is even better, and we need your help to do it! We would love it if you could take 3–5 minutes to fill out our quick '''Participant Feedback Form'''. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform Thank you again for sharing your knowledge and creativity with the Wikimedia movement. Keep an eye on your talk page and our social media for the final winner announcements soon! Happy editing, Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:13, 29 ga Yuni, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30750498 --> == Gentle Reminder: Share your Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 experience with us! == Dear Participant Hope this message finds you in good health and high spirits. First of all, a massive thank you for participating in Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026! Whether you enriched Wikipedia with new articles or added beautiful photos to Wikimedia Commons, your valuable contributions have played a great role in preserving Ramadan traditions and heritage for the world to see. To help us understand your experience and improve our future campaigns, we kindly request you to share your thoughts through our short feedback form. * '''Link to form''': https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScw_bPHsVzpby50jc2_syJD5-mS9scnRL5BLv9UXH2tK3Mr8w/viewform * '''Deadline''': 31 July 2026 It will only take about 3 to 5 minutes of your time. You can tell us what you loved, what difficulties you faced, and even help us translate a short banner message into your native language for next year! Your voice matters a lot to us. Thank you once again for your wonderful contributions and for being such an active part of the Wikimedia movement. Warm Regards, [[m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] (Project Lead) for the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 International Team. 20:52, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2026/Participants&oldid=30831892 --> q19vv0r56gtk1gb04oa88ivbv1w6myh 0 160876 884978 877200 2026-07-19T16:59:13Z Lilovic 46646 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360691582|Paracelsus]]" 884978 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim'''<sup class="mw-ref reference" mwhw="">Paracelsus, genannt Bombast von Hohenheim: ein schweizerischer Medicus, gestorben 1541<nowiki>''</nowiki>], Hilscher, 1764, p. 13.<nowiki></ref></nowiki><nowiki><ref>The name ''Philippus'' is only found posthumously, first on Paracelsus's tombstone. Publications during his lifetime appeared under the name ''Theophrastus ab Hohenheim'' or ''Theophrastus Paracelsus''. The additional name ''Aureolus'' is recorded in 1538. Pagel (1982), 5ff.</ref></nowiki>"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./Paracelsus#cite_note-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> (10 Nuwamba 1493 - 24 Satumba 1541), wanda aka fi sani da Paracelsus, {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|r|ə|ˈ|s|ɛ|l|s|ə|s}}; {{IPA|de|paʁaˈtsɛlzʊs|lang}}}} likita ne na Switzerland , masanin ilimin sunadarai, masanin tauhidi, kuma masanin falsafa na Renaissance na Jamus. Ya kasance majagaba a fannoni da yawa na [[Renaissance]]" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Medical Renaissance">juyin juya halin kiwon lafiya na Renaissance, yana jaddada darajar lura tare da haɗuwa da hikima da aka karɓa. An lasafta shi a matsayin "mahaifin ilimin toxicology".<ref name="toxsci.oxfordjournals.org">{{Cite web |title=Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology |url=http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/1/2.full |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324033717/http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/1/2.full |archive-date=24 March 2013 |access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref> Paracelsus kuma yana da tasiri sosai a matsayin annabi ko mai duba, "Prognostications" da Rosicrucians ke nazarin su a karni na 17. Paracelsianism shine farkon yunkurin kiwon lafiya na zamani wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar nazarin ayyukansa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Vries |first=Lyke |last2=Spruit |first2=Leen |year=2017 |title=Paracelsus and Roman censorship – Johannes Faber's 1616 report in context |journal=Intellectual History Review |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=5 |doi=10.1080/17496977.2017.1361060 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Paracelsus a [[Bombast von Hohenheim]]">daga&#x5D;-linkid="411" href="./Einsiedeln" id="mwRA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Einsiedeln">Einsiedeln, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Etzel Pass a cikin Canton na Schwyz . An haife shi a cikin gidan da ke kusa da gada da ke tsallaka Kogin Sihl . Mahaifinsa Wilhelm (ya mutu a shekara ta 1534) masanin kimiyyar sunadarai ne kuma likita, ɗan asalin ɗan Swabian mai suna {{Interlanguage link|Georg Bombast von Hohenheim|de}} [de] Bombast von Hohenheim (1453-1499), kwamandan Order of Saint John a Rohrdorf . Mahaifiyar Paracelsus mai yiwuwa 'yar asalin yankin Einsiedeln ce kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na Einsiedelin Abbey, wanda kafin aurenta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula a asibitin abbey. Paracelsus a cikin rubuce-rubucensa akai-akai ya yi nassoshi game da asalinsa kuma a wasu lokuta yana amfani da Eremita ("''Mai zaman kanta''", daga sunan Einsiedeln, ma'ana "mai zaman kansa") a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunansa. Wataƙila mahaifiyar Paracelsus ta mutu a shekara ta 1502, bayan haka mahaifin Paracelsum ya koma [[Villach]], Carinthia, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin likita, yana kula da bukatun kiwon lafiya na mahajjata da mazaunan gidan. Paracelsus mahaifinsa ne ya ilimantar da shi a fannin ilimin shuke-shuke, magani, ilimin ma'adinai, hakar ma'adanai, da falsafar halitta. Ya sami ilimi mai zurfi na ɗan adam da tauhidi daga malamai na gida da makarantar St. Paul's Abbey a Lavanttal . <ref name="BBKL" /> Wataƙila Paracelsus ya sami ilimin farko galibi daga mahaifinsa. Wasu masu ba da labari sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami koyarwa daga bishops huɗu da Johannes Trithemius, masanin Sponheim.<ref name=":9" /> Koyaya, babu wani rikodin Trithemius da ya shafe lokaci mai yawa a Einsiedeln, ko kuma Paracelsus ya ziyarci Sponheim ko [[Würzburg]] kafin mutuwar Trithemium a cikin 1516.<ref name=":9" /> Duk abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su, Paracelsus kusan tabbas ya sami umarni daga rubuce-rubucen su, kuma ba daga koyarwa kai tsaye ba.<ref name=":9" /> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya fara karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Basel, daga baya ya koma [[Vienna]]. Ya sami digirin digirinsa na likita daga Jami'ar Ferrara a 1515 ko 1516. <ref name="BBKL" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall James L |last2=Marshall Virginia R |year=2005 |title=Rediscovery of the Elements: Paracelsus |url=http://web.unife.it/centro/paracelsus/archivi/c_2005_hexagon_winter2005.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=The Hexagon of Alpha Chi Sigma |issue=Winter |pages=71–8 |issn=0164-6109 |oclc=4478114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928105224/http://web.unife.it/centro/paracelsus/archivi/c_2005_hexagon_winter2005.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2006}}</ref> === Farkon aiki === [[Fayil:Paracelsus.jpg|thumb|Kwafin Louvre na hoton da ya ɓace na Quentin Matsys, tushen al'adar "fat" Paracelsus ]] "Paracelsus ya nemi ilimin duniya" wanda ba a samu a cikin littattafai ko ƙwarewa ba. Don haka, tsakanin 1517 da 1524, ya fara jerin tafiye-tafiye masu yawa a Turai. Tafiya ta kai shi daga [[Italiya]] zuwa [[Faransa]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Ingila]], [[Jamus]], Scandinavia, [[Poland]], [[Rasha]], [[Hungariya|Hungary]], [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], Rhodes, Constantinople, kuma mai yiwuwa ma da Masar.<ref name=":05" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Borzelleca |first=Joseph |date=January 2000 |title=Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology |journal=Toxicological Sciences |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=2–4 |doi=10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2 |pmid=10653514 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Hargrave |first=John G. |date=December 2019 |title=Parcelsus |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=9 April 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> A wannan lokacin tafiya, Paracelsus ya shiga aikin likita na soja kuma ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da Venice, Holland, [[Denmark]], da Tatars suka yi. Sa'an nan kuma Paracelsus ya koma gida daga tafiye-tafiyensa.<ref name=":05" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":22" /> Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kafa kansa a Salzburg (Austria) amma nan da nan ya gudu don kauce wa kamawa da tsanantawa saboda shiga cikin Fasinjojin Manoma. Daga baya ya sami 'yan ƙasa a Strasburg . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Michaleas |first=S. N. |last2=Laios |first2=K. |last3=Tsoucalas |first3=G. |last4=Androutsos |first4=G. |date=2021 |title=Theophrastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim (Paracelsus) (1493–1541): The eminent physician and pioneer of toxicology |journal=Toxicology Reports |volume=8 |pages=411–414 |bibcode=2021ToxR....8..411M |doi=10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.012 |pmc=7920879 |pmid=33717994}}</ref> A shekara ta 1524, "[bayan ya ziyarci mahaifinsa a [[Villach]] kuma bai sami damar yin aiki ba, sai ya zauna a [[Salzburg]]" a matsayin likita, <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Borzelleca |first=Joseph |date=January 2000 |title=Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology |journal=Toxicological Sciences |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=2–4 |doi=10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2 |pmid=10653514 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorzelleca2000">Borzelleca, Joseph (January 2000). [[doi:10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2|"Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology"]]. ''Toxicological Sciences''. '''53''' (1): <span class="nowrap">2–</span>4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2|10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10653514 10653514].</cite></ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Hargrave |first=John G. |date=December 2019 |title=Parcelsus |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=9 April 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHargrave2019">Hargrave, John G. (December 2019). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus "Parcelsus"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus Archived] from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> kuma ya kasance a can har zuwa 1527.[a] "Tun daga 1519/20 yana aiki a kan rubuce-rubucen likita na farko, kuma yanzu ya kammala ''Elf Traktat'' da ''Volume medicinae Paramirum'', wanda ke bayyana cututtuka goma sha ɗaya na yau da kullun da maganin su, da ka'idodin likitancinsa na farko. " <ref name=":03" /> Yayinda yake komawa [[Villach]] kuma yayin da yake aiki a kan rubutun likita na farko. <ref name=":13" /> Ya yi la'akari da batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar ma'anar rayuwa da mutuwa, kiwon lafiya, abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka (rashin daidaituwa na ciki ko ikon waje), wurin mutane a duniya da kansa.<ref name=":22" /> === Basel (1526-1528) === [[Fayil:11-11-24-basel-by-ralfr-035.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Basel, inda Paracelsus ya fara aiki a matsayin farfesa a shekara ta 1527]] A shekara ta 1526, ya sayi haƙƙin zama ɗan ƙasa a Strasbourg don kafa aikinsa. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, an kira shi zuwa Basel zuwa gadon mai bugawa Johann Frobenius kuma an ruwaito ya warkar da shi.[1] A wannan lokacin, masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Renaissance na Holland Erasmus na Rotterdam, kuma a Jami'ar Basel, ya shaida ƙwarewar likita na Paracelsus, kuma malaman biyu sun fara tattaunawa, suna musayar wasiƙu kan batutuwan likita da tauhidi.[2] A shekara ta 1527, Paracelsus likita ne na gari ({{Lang|de|Stadtarzt}}) a Basel tare da damar yin lacca a Jami'ar Basel . A wannan lokacin, Basel cibiyar Renaissance ce, kuma Paracelsus a nan ya sadu da Erasmus na Rotterdam, Wolfgang Lachner, da Johannes Oekolampad. Lokacin da Erasmus ya yi rashin lafiya yayin da yake zaune a Basel, ya rubuta wa Paracelsus: "Ba zan iya ba ka lada daidai da fasaharka da iliminka ba - tabbas ina ba ka rai mai godiya. Ka tuno daga inuwa Frobenius wanda shine ɗayan rabi: idan ka maido da ni kuma ka maido wa juna. " An ba da laccocin Paracelsus a jami'ar Basel ba tare da saba ba a Jamusanci, ba Latin ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drago |first=Elisabeth |date=3 March 2020 |title=Paracelsus, the Alchemist Who Wed Medicine to Magic |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/paracelsus-the-alchemist-who-wed-medicine-to-magic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617234405/https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/paracelsus-the-alchemist-who-wed-medicine-to-magic |archive-date=17 June 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |publisher=Science History Institute}}</ref> Ya bayyana cewa yana son laccocinsa ya kasance ga kowa da kowa. Ya wallafa mummunan zargi game da likitocin Basel da apothecaries, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen siyasa har ya kai ga barazanar rayuwarsa. A cikin nuni da raina maganin gargajiya, Paracelsus ya ƙonewa bugu na ayyukan Galen da [[Ibn Sina|Avicenna]] a fili. A ranar 23 ga Yuni 1527, ya ƙone kwafin Canon of Medicine na Avicenna, babban littafi wanda ya kasance ginshiƙi na nazarin ilimi, a kasuwa. Yana da saurin yin amfani da harshe mai banƙyama, ya ƙi ka'idar da ba a gwada ba, kuma ya yi wa duk wanda ya sanya muhimmancin lakabi fiye da aiki ba'a: 'idan cutar ta sanya mu a gwaji, duk darajarmu, lakabi, zobe, da sunan za su zama taimako kamar wutsiyar doki'.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book}}</ref> A lokacin da yake farfesa a Jami'ar Basel, ya gayyaci likitocin gyaran gashi, alchemists, apothecaries, da sauransu da ba su da masaniya game da imaninsa cewa wadanda kawai suka yi fasaha sun san shi: "Masu lafiya litattafan ku ne, gadon rashin lafiya shine karatun ku. " An kwatanta Paracelsus da Martin Luther saboda ayyukansa na rashin amincewa da hukumomin da ke akwai a fannin kiwon lafiya. Amma Paracelsus ya ki amincewa da wannan kwatancin, wanda ya shahara yana cewa: "Na bar shi ga Luther don kare abin da ya ce kuma ni ne zai zama da alhakin abin da na ce. Abin da kuke so a gare ni, kuna kuma so a gare mu duka biyu a cikin wuta. " Wani aboki a cikin shekarun Basel ya nuna ra'ayi mara kyau game da Paracelsis: "Shekaru biyu da ya yi a cikin kamfaninsa ya kwashe a shan giya da cin abinci, rana da dare. Ba za a iya samun sa'a daya ko biyu tare da Alsace ba, musamman bayan ya bar Basel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity School at the University of Chicago &#124; Publications |url=http://divinity.uchicago.edu/martycenter/publications/sightings/archive_2006/1023.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610120041/http://divinity.uchicago.edu/martycenter/publications/sightings/archive_2006/1023.shtml |archive-date=10 June 2010 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=divinity.uchicago.edu}}</ref>  === Ayyukansa na baya === [[Fayil:300704_beratzhausen-oberpfalz-paracelsus-denkmal_1-480x640.jpg|thumb|Abin tunawa ga Paracelsus a Beratzhausen, Bavaria]] A Alsace, Paracelsus ya sake zama likitan mai balaguro. Bayan ya zauna a Colmar tare da Lorenz Fries, kuma a takaice a Esslingen, ya koma [[Nuremberg]] a 1529. Sunansa ya tafi gabansa, kuma ƙwararrun likitoci sun cire shi daga aiki. An fara tabbatar da sunan ''Para''[[Aulus Cornelius Celsus|Celsus]]" id="mwAWc" rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" title="wikt:celsus">celsus'''' a wannan shekarar, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman sunan sirri [[wiktionary:παρά|don]] buga wani Practica na halin siyasa-astrological a Nuremberg . Pagel (1982) ya yi zaton cewa an yi amfani da sunan ne a matsayin marubucin ayyukan da ba na likita ba, yayin da aka yi amfani da sunansa na ainihi ''Theophrastus von ''Hohenheim'''' don wallafe-wallafen likita. Amfani na farko da Doctor Paracelsus a ''Aiki'' littafin likita ya kasance a cikin 1536, a matsayin marubucin Grosse Wundartznei . Ana fassara sunan a matsayin ko dai Latinization na Hohenheim (bisa ga celsus "babban, tsayi") ko kuma a matsayin da'awar "fiye da Celsus". An yi jayayya cewa sunan ba ƙirƙirar Paracelsus da kansa ba ne, wanda zai yi tsayayya da salon ɗan adam na sunayen Latinized, amma ƙungiyar abokansa a Colmar ta ba shi a cikin 1528. Yana da wahala a fassara amma ya bayyana don bayyana halin "paradoxical" na mutumin, prefix "para" yana nunawa a cikin sunayen sarauta na manyan ayyukan falsafar Paracelsus, ''Paragranum'' da ''''paramiric'''' (kamar yadda yake, "bayan hatsi" da "bayan mamaki"), wani rubutun da Paracelsos ya sanar tun farkon 1520. Babban matsalar kiwon lafiya ta wannan lokacin ita ce [[Tunjere|syphilis]], mai yiwuwa kwanan nan an shigo da ita daga West Indies kuma tana gudana a matsayin annobar ba tare da magani ba. A cikin wallafe-wallafe biyu a kan batun, Paracelsus ya kai farmaki ga maganin da itace na guaiac kamar yadda ba shi da amfani, zamba da Fugger na Augsburg ya yi a matsayin manyan masu shigo da itace. Lokacin da ya ci gaba da zama a Nuremberg ya zama ba zai yiwu ba, sai ya yi ritaya zuwa Beratzhausen, yana fatan komawa Nuremberg kuma ya buga wani littafi mai tsawo game da "Rashin lafiya na Faransa"; amma dokar makarantar likitancin Leipzig ta hana bugawa, wanda Heinrich Stromer, babban aboki da abokin tarayya na iyalin Fugger ya wakilta. A Beratzhausen, Paracelsus ya shirya Paragranum, babban aikinsa a kan Falsafar likita, ya kammala 1530. Ya ci gaba zuwa St. Gall, sai ya kammala Opus Paramirum a 1531, wanda ya keɓe wa Joachim Vadian. Daga St. Gall, ya koma ƙasar Appenzell, inda ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin mai wa'azi da mai warkarwa tsakanin manoma. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ziyarci ma'adanai a Schwaz da Hall a Tyrol, yana aiki a kan littafinsa game da cututtukan ma'adinai. Ya koma Innsbruck, inda aka sake hana shi yin aiki. Ya wuce Sterzing a shekara ta 1534, ya ci gaba zuwa Meran, Veltlin, da St. Moritz, wanda ya yaba da maɓuɓɓugar warkarwa. A Meran, ya sadu da shirye-shiryen zamantakewa da addini na Anabaptists. Ya ziyarci Pfäfers Abbey, ya keɓe wata takarda daban ga wanka (1535). Ya wuce Kempten, Memmingen, Ulm, da Augsburg a cikin 1536. Daga karshe ya sami nasarar buga littafinsa Die grosse Wundartznei ("The Great Surgery Book"), wanda aka buga a Ulm, Augsburg, da Frankfurt a wannan shekarar.[1] An kammala littafinsa na Astronomia magna (wanda aka fi sani da Philosophia sagax) a shekara ta 1537 amma ba a buga shi ba har zuwa shekara ta 1571. Littafin ne game da hermeticism, astrology, duba, tauhidin, da aljanu wanda ya kafa tushen shahararren Paracelsus a matsayin "annabci". Taken sa Alterius non sit qui suus esse potest ("Babu wani mutum na wani wanda zai iya zama nasa") an rubuta shi a kan hoto na 1538 na Augustin Hirschvogel . === Mutuwa da gado === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>A shekara ta 1541, Paracelsus ya koma [[Salzburg]] inda ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Satumba. An binne shi a makabartar St. Sebastian a Salzburg . An sake mayar da gawarsa cikin cocin St. Sebastian a cikin 1752. Bayan mutuwarsa, mutane da yawa da ke son rushe ilimin kimiyyar Galenic na gargajiya sun kama motsi na Paracelsianism, kuma hanyoyinsa sun zama sanannun kuma ana amfani da su. An rasa rubuce-rubucensa, amma yawancin ayyukansa waɗanda ba a buga su ba a lokacin rayuwarsa Johannes Huser na Basel ne ya gyara su a lokacin 1589 zuwa 1591. Ana sake buga ayyukansa akai-akai kuma ana karanta su ko'ina a ƙarshen ƙarni na 16 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 17, kuma kodayake sunansa na "ɓoye" ya kasance mai rikitarwa, an san gudummawar likitancinsa a duk duniya: 1618 pharmacopeia ta Royal College of Physicians a London sun haɗa da ''magunguna'' "Paracelsian".<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Dominiczak |first=Marek H. |date=1 June 2011 |title=International Year of Chemistry 2011: Paracelsus: In Praise of Mavericks |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=932–934 |doi=10.1373/clinchem.2011.165894 |issn=0009-9147 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 16 an ga samar da rubuce-rubucen Pseudo-Paracelsian, musamman haruffa da aka danganta ga Paracelsus, har zuwa inda masu ba da labari suka ga ba zai yiwu a zana layin bayyane tsakanin al'ada da labari ba. == Falsafa == <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Manazarta == *   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 3nh1m77laubdztdtg9r91h26z3r3ty0 884980 884978 2026-07-19T17:01:17Z Lilovic 46646 884980 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Theophrastus Bombast von Hohenheim'''<sup class="mw-ref reference" mwhw="">Paracelsus, genannt Bombast von Hohenheim: ein schweizerischer Medicus, gestorben 1541<nowiki>''</nowiki>], Hilscher, 1764, p. 13.<nowiki></ref></nowiki><nowiki><ref>The name ''Philippus'' is only found posthumously, first on Paracelsus's tombstone. Publications during his lifetime appeared under the name ''Theophrastus ab Hohenheim'' or ''Theophrastus Paracelsus''. The additional name ''Aureolus'' is recorded in 1538. Pagel (1982), 5ff.</ref></nowiki>"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-5" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./Paracelsus#cite_note-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> (10 Nuwamba 1493 - 24 Satumba 1541), wanda aka fi sani da Paracelsus, {{Efn|{{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|r|ə|ˈ|s|ɛ|l|s|ə|s}}; {{IPA|de|paʁaˈtsɛlzʊs|lang}}}} likita ne na Switzerland , masanin ilimin sunadarai, masanin tauhidi, kuma masanin falsafa na Renaissance na Jamus. Ya kasance majagaba a fannoni da yawa na [[Renaissance]]" id="mwNA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Medical Renaissance">juyin juya halin kiwon lafiya na Renaissance, yana jaddada darajar lura tare da haɗuwa da hikima da aka karɓa. An lasafta shi a matsayin "mahaifin ilimin toxicology".<ref name="toxsci.oxfordjournals.org">{{Cite web |title=Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology |url=http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/1/2.full |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324033717/http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/53/1/2.full |archive-date=24 March 2013 |access-date=23 September 2014}}</ref> Paracelsus kuma yana da tasiri sosai a matsayin annabi ko mai duba, "Prognostications" da Rosicrucians ke nazarin su a karni na 17. Paracelsianism shine farkon yunkurin kiwon lafiya na zamani wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar nazarin ayyukansa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Vries |first=Lyke |last2=Spruit |first2=Leen |year=2017 |title=Paracelsus and Roman censorship – Johannes Faber's 1616 report in context |journal=Intellectual History Review |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=5 |doi=10.1080/17496977.2017.1361060 |doi-access=free |hdl-access=free}}</ref> == Tarihin rayuwa == An haifi Paracelsus a [[Bombast von Hohenheim]]">daga&#x5D;-linkid="411" href="./Einsiedeln" id="mwRA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Einsiedeln">Einsiedeln, ƙauyen da ke kusa da Etzel Pass a cikin Canton na Schwyz . An haife shi a cikin gidan da ke kusa da gada da ke tsallaka Kogin Sihl . Mahaifinsa Wilhelm (ya mutu a shekara ta 1534) masanin kimiyyar sunadarai ne kuma likita, ɗan asalin ɗan Swabian mai suna {{Interlanguage link|Georg Bombast von Hohenheim|de}} [de] Bombast von Hohenheim (1453-1499), kwamandan Order of Saint John a Rohrdorf . Mahaifiyar Paracelsus mai yiwuwa 'yar asalin yankin Einsiedeln ce kuma mai haɗin gwiwa na Einsiedelin Abbey, wanda kafin aurenta ya yi aiki a matsayin mai kula a asibitin abbey. Paracelsus a cikin rubuce-rubucensa akai-akai ya yi nassoshi game da asalinsa kuma a wasu lokuta yana amfani da Eremita ("''Mai zaman kanta''", daga sunan Einsiedeln, ma'ana "mai zaman kansa") a matsayin wani ɓangare na sunansa. Wataƙila mahaifiyar Paracelsus ta mutu a shekara ta 1502, bayan haka mahaifin Paracelsum ya koma [[Villach]], Carinthia, inda ya yi aiki a matsayin likita, yana kula da bukatun kiwon lafiya na mahajjata da mazaunan gidan. Paracelsus mahaifinsa ne ya ilimantar da shi a fannin ilimin shuke-shuke, magani, ilimin ma'adinai, hakar ma'adanai, da falsafar halitta. Ya sami ilimi mai zurfi na ɗan adam da tauhidi daga malamai na gida da makarantar St. Paul's Abbey a Lavanttal . <ref name="BBKL" /> Wataƙila Paracelsus ya sami ilimin farko galibi daga mahaifinsa. Wasu masu ba da labari sun yi iƙirarin cewa ya sami koyarwa daga bishops huɗu da Johannes Trithemius, masanin Sponheim.<ref name=":9" /> Koyaya, babu wani rikodin Trithemius da ya shafe lokaci mai yawa a Einsiedeln, ko kuma Paracelsus ya ziyarci Sponheim ko [[Würzburg]] kafin mutuwar Trithemium a cikin 1516.<ref name=":9" /> Duk abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su, Paracelsus kusan tabbas ya sami umarni daga rubuce-rubucen su, kuma ba daga koyarwa kai tsaye ba.<ref name=":9" /> A lokacin da yake da shekaru 16, ya fara karatun likitanci a Jami'ar Basel, daga baya ya koma [[Vienna]]. Ya sami digirin digirinsa na likita daga Jami'ar Ferrara a 1515 ko 1516. <ref name="BBKL" /> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marshall James L |last2=Marshall Virginia R |year=2005 |title=Rediscovery of the Elements: Paracelsus |url=http://web.unife.it/centro/paracelsus/archivi/c_2005_hexagon_winter2005.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=The Hexagon of Alpha Chi Sigma |issue=Winter |pages=71–8 |issn=0164-6109 |oclc=4478114 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928105224/http://web.unife.it/centro/paracelsus/archivi/c_2005_hexagon_winter2005.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2006}}</ref> === Farkon aiki === [[Fayil:Paracelsus.jpg|thumb|Kwafin Louvre na hoton da ya ɓace na Quentin Matsys, tushen al'adar "fat" Paracelsus ]] "Paracelsus ya nemi ilimin duniya" wanda ba a samu a cikin littattafai ko ƙwarewa ba. Don haka, tsakanin 1517 da 1524, ya fara jerin tafiye-tafiye masu yawa a Turai. Tafiya ta kai shi daga [[Italiya]] zuwa [[Faransa]], [[Ispaniya|Spain]], [[Portugal]], [[Ingila]], [[Jamus]], Scandinavia, [[Poland]], [[Rasha]], [[Hungariya|Hungary]], [[Kroatiya|Croatia]], Rhodes, Constantinople, kuma mai yiwuwa ma da Masar.<ref name=":05" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Borzelleca |first=Joseph |date=January 2000 |title=Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology |journal=Toxicological Sciences |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=2–4 |doi=10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2 |pmid=10653514 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Hargrave |first=John G. |date=December 2019 |title=Parcelsus |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=9 April 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}</ref> A wannan lokacin tafiya, Paracelsus ya shiga aikin likita na soja kuma ya shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da Venice, Holland, [[Denmark]], da Tatars suka yi. Sa'an nan kuma Paracelsus ya koma gida daga tafiye-tafiyensa.<ref name=":05" /><ref name=":13" /><ref name=":22" /> Ya yi ƙoƙari ya kafa kansa a Salzburg (Austria) amma nan da nan ya gudu don kauce wa kamawa da tsanantawa saboda shiga cikin Fasinjojin Manoma. Daga baya ya sami 'yan ƙasa a Strasburg . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Michaleas |first=S. N. |last2=Laios |first2=K. |last3=Tsoucalas |first3=G. |last4=Androutsos |first4=G. |date=2021 |title=Theophrastus Bombastus Von Hohenheim (Paracelsus) (1493–1541): The eminent physician and pioneer of toxicology |journal=Toxicology Reports |volume=8 |pages=411–414 |bibcode=2021ToxR....8..411M |doi=10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.012 |pmc=7920879 |pmid=33717994}}</ref> A shekara ta 1524, "[bayan ya ziyarci mahaifinsa a [[Villach]] kuma bai sami damar yin aiki ba, sai ya zauna a [[Salzburg]]" a matsayin likita, <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last=Borzelleca |first=Joseph |date=January 2000 |title=Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology |journal=Toxicological Sciences |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=2–4 |doi=10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2 |pmid=10653514 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBorzelleca2000">Borzelleca, Joseph (January 2000). [[doi:10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2|"Paracelsus: Herald of Modern Toxicology"]]. ''Toxicological Sciences''. '''53''' (1): <span class="nowrap">2–</span>4. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2|10.1093/toxsci/53.1.2]]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10653514 10653514].</cite></ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |last=Hargrave |first=John G. |date=December 2019 |title=Parcelsus |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=9 April 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHargrave2019">Hargrave, John G. (December 2019). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus "Parcelsus"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025758/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paracelsus Archived] from the original on 26 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> kuma ya kasance a can har zuwa 1527.[a] "Tun daga 1519/20 yana aiki a kan rubuce-rubucen likita na farko, kuma yanzu ya kammala ''Elf Traktat'' da ''Volume medicinae Paramirum'', wanda ke bayyana cututtuka goma sha ɗaya na yau da kullun da maganin su, da ka'idodin likitancinsa na farko. " <ref name=":03" /> Yayinda yake komawa [[Villach]] kuma yayin da yake aiki a kan rubutun likita na farko. <ref name=":13" /> Ya yi la'akari da batutuwa masu mahimmanci kamar ma'anar rayuwa da mutuwa, kiwon lafiya, abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka (rashin daidaituwa na ciki ko ikon waje), wurin mutane a duniya da kansa.<ref name=":22" /> === Basel (1526-1528) === [[Fayil:11-11-24-basel-by-ralfr-035.jpg|thumb|Jami'ar Basel, inda Paracelsus ya fara aiki a matsayin farfesa a shekara ta 1527]] A shekara ta 1526, ya sayi haƙƙin zama ɗan ƙasa a Strasbourg don kafa aikinsa. Amma ba da daɗewa ba, an kira shi zuwa Basel zuwa gadon mai bugawa Johann Frobenius kuma an ruwaito ya warkar da shi.[1] A wannan lokacin, masanin ilimin ɗan adam na Renaissance na Holland Erasmus na Rotterdam, kuma a Jami'ar Basel, ya shaida ƙwarewar likita na Paracelsus, kuma malaman biyu sun fara tattaunawa, suna musayar wasiƙu kan batutuwan likita da tauhidi.[2] A shekara ta 1527, Paracelsus likita ne na gari ({{Lang|de|Stadtarzt}}) a Basel tare da damar yin lacca a Jami'ar Basel . A wannan lokacin, Basel cibiyar Renaissance ce, kuma Paracelsus a nan ya sadu da Erasmus na Rotterdam, Wolfgang Lachner, da Johannes Oekolampad. Lokacin da Erasmus ya yi rashin lafiya yayin da yake zaune a Basel, ya rubuta wa Paracelsus: "Ba zan iya ba ka lada daidai da fasaharka da iliminka ba - tabbas ina ba ka rai mai godiya. Ka tuno daga inuwa Frobenius wanda shine ɗayan rabi: idan ka maido da ni kuma ka maido wa juna. " An ba da laccocin Paracelsus a jami'ar Basel ba tare da saba ba a Jamusanci, ba Latin ba.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Drago |first=Elisabeth |date=3 March 2020 |title=Paracelsus, the Alchemist Who Wed Medicine to Magic |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/paracelsus-the-alchemist-who-wed-medicine-to-magic |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617234405/https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/paracelsus-the-alchemist-who-wed-medicine-to-magic |archive-date=17 June 2022 |access-date=6 May 2022 |publisher=Science History Institute}}</ref> Ya bayyana cewa yana son laccocinsa ya kasance ga kowa da kowa. Ya wallafa mummunan zargi game da likitocin Basel da apothecaries, wanda ya haifar da rikice-rikicen siyasa har ya kai ga barazanar rayuwarsa. A cikin nuni da raina maganin gargajiya, Paracelsus ya ƙonewa bugu na ayyukan Galen da [[Ibn Sina|Avicenna]] a fili. A ranar 23 ga Yuni 1527, ya ƙone kwafin Canon of Medicine na Avicenna, babban littafi wanda ya kasance ginshiƙi na nazarin ilimi, a kasuwa. Yana da saurin yin amfani da harshe mai banƙyama, ya ƙi ka'idar da ba a gwada ba, kuma ya yi wa duk wanda ya sanya muhimmancin lakabi fiye da aiki ba'a: 'idan cutar ta sanya mu a gwaji, duk darajarmu, lakabi, zobe, da sunan za su zama taimako kamar wutsiyar doki'.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book}}</ref> A lokacin da yake farfesa a Jami'ar Basel, ya gayyaci likitocin gyaran gashi, alchemists, apothecaries, da sauransu da ba su da masaniya game da imaninsa cewa wadanda kawai suka yi fasaha sun san shi: "Masu lafiya litattafan ku ne, gadon rashin lafiya shine karatun ku. " An kwatanta Paracelsus da Martin Luther saboda ayyukansa na rashin amincewa da hukumomin da ke akwai a fannin kiwon lafiya. Amma Paracelsus ya ki amincewa da wannan kwatancin, wanda ya shahara yana cewa: "Na bar shi ga Luther don kare abin da ya ce kuma ni ne zai zama da alhakin abin da na ce. Abin da kuke so a gare ni, kuna kuma so a gare mu duka biyu a cikin wuta. " Wani aboki a cikin shekarun Basel ya nuna ra'ayi mara kyau game da Paracelsis: "Shekaru biyu da ya yi a cikin kamfaninsa ya kwashe a shan giya da cin abinci, rana da dare. Ba za a iya samun sa'a daya ko biyu tare da Alsace ba, musamman bayan ya bar Basel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Divinity School at the University of Chicago &#124; Publications |url=http://divinity.uchicago.edu/martycenter/publications/sightings/archive_2006/1023.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610120041/http://divinity.uchicago.edu/martycenter/publications/sightings/archive_2006/1023.shtml |archive-date=10 June 2010 |access-date=15 January 2022 |website=divinity.uchicago.edu}}</ref>  === Ayyukansa na baya === [[Fayil:300704_beratzhausen-oberpfalz-paracelsus-denkmal_1-480x640.jpg|thumb|Abin tunawa ga Paracelsus a Beratzhausen, Bavaria]] A Alsace, Paracelsus ya sake zama likitan mai balaguro. Bayan ya zauna a Colmar tare da Lorenz Fries, kuma a takaice a Esslingen, ya koma [[Nuremberg]] a 1529. Sunansa ya tafi gabansa, kuma ƙwararrun likitoci sun cire shi daga aiki. An fara tabbatar da sunan ''Para''[[Aulus Cornelius Celsus|Celsus]]" id="mwAWc" rel="mw:WikiLink/Interwiki" title="wikt:celsus">celsus'''' a wannan shekarar, wanda aka yi amfani da shi azaman sunan sirri [[wiktionary:παρά|don]] buga wani Practica na halin siyasa-astrological a Nuremberg . Pagel (1982) ya yi zaton cewa an yi amfani da sunan ne a matsayin marubucin ayyukan da ba na likita ba, yayin da aka yi amfani da sunansa na ainihi ''Theophrastus von ''Hohenheim'''' don wallafe-wallafen likita. Amfani na farko da Doctor Paracelsus a ''Aiki'' littafin likita ya kasance a cikin 1536, a matsayin marubucin Grosse Wundartznei . Ana fassara sunan a matsayin ko dai Latinization na Hohenheim (bisa ga celsus "babban, tsayi") ko kuma a matsayin da'awar "fiye da Celsus". An yi jayayya cewa sunan ba ƙirƙirar Paracelsus da kansa ba ne, wanda zai yi tsayayya da salon ɗan adam na sunayen Latinized, amma ƙungiyar abokansa a Colmar ta ba shi a cikin 1528. Yana da wahala a fassara amma ya bayyana don bayyana halin "paradoxical" na mutumin, prefix "para" yana nunawa a cikin sunayen sarauta na manyan ayyukan falsafar Paracelsus, ''Paragranum'' da ''''paramiric'''' (kamar yadda yake, "bayan hatsi" da "bayan mamaki"), wani rubutun da Paracelsos ya sanar tun farkon 1520. Babban matsalar kiwon lafiya ta wannan lokacin ita ce [[Tunjere|syphilis]], mai yiwuwa kwanan nan an shigo da ita daga West Indies kuma tana gudana a matsayin annobar ba tare da magani ba. A cikin wallafe-wallafe biyu a kan batun, Paracelsus ya kai farmaki ga maganin da itace na guaiac kamar yadda ba shi da amfani, zamba da Fugger na Augsburg ya yi a matsayin manyan masu shigo da itace. Lokacin da ya ci gaba da zama a Nuremberg ya zama ba zai yiwu ba, sai ya yi ritaya zuwa Beratzhausen, yana fatan komawa Nuremberg kuma ya buga wani littafi mai tsawo game da "Rashin lafiya na Faransa"; amma dokar makarantar likitancin Leipzig ta hana bugawa, wanda Heinrich Stromer, babban aboki da abokin tarayya na iyalin Fugger ya wakilta. A Beratzhausen, Paracelsus ya shirya Paragranum, babban aikinsa a kan Falsafar likita, ya kammala 1530. Ya ci gaba zuwa St. Gall, sai ya kammala Opus Paramirum a 1531, wanda ya keɓe wa Joachim Vadian. Daga St. Gall, ya koma ƙasar Appenzell, inda ya kasance mai aiki a matsayin mai wa'azi da mai warkarwa tsakanin manoma. A cikin wannan shekarar, ya ziyarci ma'adanai a Schwaz da Hall a Tyrol, yana aiki a kan littafinsa game da cututtukan ma'adinai. Ya koma Innsbruck, inda aka sake hana shi yin aiki. Ya wuce Sterzing a shekara ta 1534, ya ci gaba zuwa Meran, Veltlin, da St. Moritz, wanda ya yaba da maɓuɓɓugar warkarwa. A Meran, ya sadu da shirye-shiryen zamantakewa da addini na Anabaptists. Ya ziyarci Pfäfers Abbey, ya keɓe wata takarda daban ga wanka (1535). Ya wuce Kempten, Memmingen, Ulm, da Augsburg a cikin 1536. Daga karshe ya sami nasarar buga littafinsa Die grosse Wundartznei ("The Great Surgery Book"), wanda aka buga a Ulm, Augsburg, da Frankfurt a wannan shekarar.[1] An kammala littafinsa na Astronomia magna (wanda aka fi sani da Philosophia sagax) a shekara ta 1537 amma ba a buga shi ba har zuwa shekara ta 1571. Littafin ne game da hermeticism, astrology, duba, tauhidin, da aljanu wanda ya kafa tushen shahararren Paracelsus a matsayin "annabci". Taken sa Alterius non sit qui suus esse potest ("Babu wani mutum na wani wanda zai iya zama nasa") an rubuta shi a kan hoto na 1538 na Augustin Hirschvogel . === Mutuwa da gado === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>A shekara ta 1541, Paracelsus ya koma [[Salzburg]] inda ya mutu a ranar 24 ga Satumba. An binne shi a makabartar St. Sebastian a Salzburg . An sake mayar da gawarsa cikin cocin St. Sebastian a cikin 1752. Bayan mutuwarsa, mutane da yawa da ke son rushe ilimin kimiyyar Galenic na gargajiya sun kama motsi na Paracelsianism, kuma hanyoyinsa sun zama sanannun kuma ana amfani da su. An rasa rubuce-rubucensa, amma yawancin ayyukansa waɗanda ba a buga su ba a lokacin rayuwarsa Johannes Huser na Basel ne ya gyara su a lokacin 1589 zuwa 1591. Ana sake buga ayyukansa akai-akai kuma ana karanta su ko'ina a ƙarshen ƙarni na 16 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 17, kuma kodayake sunansa na "ɓoye" ya kasance mai rikitarwa, an san gudummawar likitancinsa a duk duniya: 1618 pharmacopeia ta Royal College of Physicians a London sun haɗa da ''magunguna'' "Paracelsian".<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Dominiczak |first=Marek H. |date=1 June 2011 |title=International Year of Chemistry 2011: Paracelsus: In Praise of Mavericks |journal=Clinical Chemistry |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=932–934 |doi=10.1373/clinchem.2011.165894 |issn=0009-9147 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A ƙarshen karni na 16 an ga samar da rubuce-rubucen Pseudo-Paracelsian, musamman haruffa da aka danganta ga Paracelsus, har zuwa inda masu ba da labari suka ga ba zai yiwu a zana layin bayyane tsakanin al'ada da labari ba. == Falsafa == <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Manazarta == *   [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] mhj3w0irbgwb000xq0wvd2qe9rq4jkq 0 161532 885227 882547 2026-07-20T11:47:16Z BnHamid 12586 885227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The Wedding March wani fim ne na Amurka da Kanada wanda aka yi don jerin fina-finai na wasan kwaikwayo na talabijin wanda [[Jack Wagner (actor)|Jack Wagner]] da [[Josie Bissett]] suka fito. Neal H. Dobrofsky da Tippi Dobrofsky ne suka rubuta fina-finai, an fara watsa su ne a [[Hallmark Channel|Tashar Hallmark]] daga 2016 zuwa 2021. == Masu ba da labari == * Jack Wagner a matsayin Mick Turner, mawaƙi ne kuma gwauruwa wanda ke da Willow Lake Inn a Vermont * Josie Bissett a matsayin Olivia "Livvy" Phillips-Pershing, budurwar kwalejin Mick kuma mahaifiyar da ba ta da aure * Emily Tennant a matsayin Grace Pershing, 'yar Olivia * Aaron Pearl a matsayin Duke, tsohon aboki na Mick da Olivia wanda kuma shine babban mai dafa abinci a Inn * Sarah Grey a matsayin Julie Turner, 'yar Mick * Mitch Ainley a matsayin Wyatt, saurayin Julie * Susan Hogan a matsayin Nora Phillips, mahaifiyar Olivia * Serge Houde a matsayin Johnny, saurayin Nora == Fim din == {{Episode table}} eaw2geetdd5mt9j8lgt1p9jp3pv6xu5 0 161835 885019 884708 2026-07-19T20:10:00Z Mahuta 11340 885019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} General hospital bodinga Asibiti ce baba dake gari bodinga,wannan Asibiti dake kula da mara lafiya da suka fito dukan kauyen kukan bodiñga, wannan Asibiti ce da ta kun shi Mara lafiya,da nurses da midwife, medical laboratory, medical doctor,da Ward servants da Yan kasuwa administration, wurin dake bada training dà dalibai kiyon lafiya, Asibiti ce matakin farko, akwai dakin aje Yara, akwai dakin Mata, akwai dakin karba haihuwa, akwai dakin masu karba kati, akwai dakin karba hadari.ana kula da mara lafiya tsowon hour ashirin da hudu. ecodi5pcojs3nauae4uutweyoxhstv5 0 161837 885232 884712 2026-07-20T11:50:06Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Gardens''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : '''''Escuela Superior University Gardens''''', wacce aka rage mata suna '''UGHS''' ), a hukumance '''Makarantar Al'umma ta Jami'ar Gardens wacce ta ƙware a [[Kimiyya]] da Lissafi''', makarantar magnet ce ta sakandare da ke Hato Rey Sur, San Juan, Puerto Rico . Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico ne ke gudanar da Jami'ar Gardens kuma Sashen Makarantun Musamman (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentín González |first=Harry |date=2016-09-01 |title=Reuniones de directores de escuelas especializadas o proyectos educativos innovadores por especialidad |trans-title=Meetings of directors of specialized schools or innovative educational projects by specialty |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912195606/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=7-7 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens ta shahara da manyan matsayi, al'adarta ta "aiki tukuru" tana shiga cikin al'adun ƙasa. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci . == Tarihi == Tun aƙalla 1972, makarantar sakandare da sakandare ta riga ta wanzu a cikin al'ummar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya, da ke cikin gundumar Río Piedras . Unguwar Jami'ar Gardens tana kusa da PR-52, kuma kusa da Jami'ar Puerto Rico, harabar Río Piedras . A tarihi, galibin gidajen sun ƙunshi iyalai na matsakaicin matsayi da na ƙasa, kuma tana aiki a matsayin "yankin kariya tsakanin yankunan masu arziki da ƙananan matsayi na San Juan". A halin yanzu, akwai kwararar mutane na manyan matsayi, waɗanda suka mayar da wasu gidaje zuwa manyan gidaje. A shekarar 1976, an mayar da ita makarantar maganadisu. Roxánna I. Duntley-Matos ta bayyana yadda makarantar ta kasance a shekarar 1981 kamar haka: === Guguwar María, girgizar ƙasa da COVID-19 === Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico ta 2019-20, an tantance girgizar ƙasa ta UGHS, kuma yayin da mai duba filin ya ayyana makarantar "ta dace da aiki da zama nan take," sun lura cewa akwai tsage-tsage a bangon, da kuma fuskar bangon da ke kusa da karyewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaya Gil |first=José R. |date=2020-01-16 |title=Certificacion de Escuelas 2020: 61531-University Gardens |trans-title=2020 School Certification: 61531-University Gardens |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200107/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |pages=9–11 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun gwamnati 172 da aka gano a matsayin "masu dacewa a buɗe" ne ya zama wani ɓangare na matakin farko da Ma'aikatar ta gabatar na ci gaba da koyarwa ta kai tsaye daga watan Maris. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan shirin, kuma azuzuwan da ake yi a kai tsaye ba su faru ba sai a ranar 13 ga Mayu. A ranar farko ta ɗaliban aji, ɗaliban aji za su zo da ayari a ranar farko ta makaranta, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin gargajiya na farkon shekararsu ta ƙarshe. Saboda annobar COVID-19, daga watan Agusta na 2021 zuwa gaba, za a fara azuzuwan da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare&nbsp;safe kuma ya ƙare da ƙarfe 1:00&nbsp;yamma, bayan ɗalibai sun karɓi abincin rana nasu na kai-da-kai kawai. == Al'ummar makaranta == === Amincewa === [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] An sami takardar shaidar karatu daga Majalisar Ilimi ta Puerto Rico tsawon shekaru shida. Duk da haka, a cikin 2014, Majalisar ta amince da ita, amma ba ta amince da ita ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Instituciones de Educacion Básica Pública al 30 de mayo de 2014 |trans-title=Institutions of Public Basic Education as of May 30, 2014 |url=https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf#page=85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619232556/https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Education Council]] |page=85 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Makarantu na Musamman na Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci), <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Christian Herrero |first=María C. |date=2017-11-15 |title=Segunda reunión profesional para directores de escuelas especializadas |trans-title=Second Professional Meeting for Directors of Specialized Schools |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619230209/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1 |language=es}}</ref> wanda a wasu lokutan yana ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Sakataren Ayyukan Ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muñoz Marrero |first=Grisel |date=2012-05-14 |title=Recertificación en educación bilingüe para maestros del plan de trabajo "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |trans-title=Recertification in bilingual education for teachers of the work plan "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620150041/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=2 |language=es}}</ref> Ayyukan Canjin Ilimi, <ref name=":2" /> Sashen Manhaja da Ƙirƙirar Ilimi, da kuma Babban Sakatare na Harkokin Ilimi da Shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1990, an rarraba Lambunan Jami'a a matsayin "Makarantar Inganci", kamar yadda koyarwar ta dogara ne akan samfurin Ronald Edmonds . Kasancewar makarantar da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke ɗauka a matsayin makaranta mai taurari biyar, tana samun ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ake bai wa makarantar da ba ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin kuɗi don ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci, tun daga shekarar 2018,  ƙasa da kashi 32.3% a shekarar makaranta ta 1997-1998, lokacin da aka ƙidaya ta da jimillar ɗalibai 758.  === Manyan abubuwa === A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi ɗalibai shida daga UGHS don shiga cikin Shirin Bututun Injiniyan Grid na Ƙasa a Syracuse, wanda National Grid ta ɗauki nauyinsa, wanda ya ba su tafiyar kuɗi mai yawa don ziyartar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Rana ta Fruit Belt, Aikin Wutar Lantarki na Niagara da Jami'ar Syracuse . === Filin makaranta === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fi amfani da makarantar don yin hira da masu neman mukamai a wasu makarantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=del Valle Meléndez |first=Juan A. |date=2016-07-13 |title=Convocatoria por Reclutamiento Especial Escuelas Montessori Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |trans-title=Call for Special Recruitment Montessori Schools Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912201105/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1-1 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko na makarantun sakandare uku da aka zaɓa don shiga cikin Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani da Takardu ta Laburare ta Puerto Rico (PRILINET) a cikin 1979. === Ma'aikatan makaranta === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;" !Shugabannin makarantu | Denisse Valderrama Cintron | Agusta 2019 | ''Mai ci a yanzu'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ksun6xvw7yj5ayja6r6io9usdwjr0h8 885233 885232 2026-07-20T11:50:50Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Gardens''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : '''''Escuela Superior University Gardens''''', wacce aka rage mata suna '''UGHS''' ), a hukumance '''Makarantar Al'umma ta Jami'ar Gardens wacce ta ƙware a [[Kimiyya]] da Lissafi''', makarantar magnet ce ta sakandare da ke Hato Rey Sur, San Juan, Puerto Rico . Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico ne ke gudanar da Jami'ar Gardens kuma Sashen Makarantun Musamman (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentín González |first=Harry |date=2016-09-01 |title=Reuniones de directores de escuelas especializadas o proyectos educativos innovadores por especialidad |trans-title=Meetings of directors of specialized schools or innovative educational projects by specialty |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912195606/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=7-7 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens ta shahara da manyan matsayi, al'adarta ta "aiki tukuru" tana shiga cikin al'adun ƙasa. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci . == Tarihi == Tun aƙalla 1972, [[Makarantar sakandare|makarantarsakandare]] da sakandare ta riga ta wanzu a cikin al'ummar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya, da ke cikin gundumar Río Piedras . Unguwar Jami'ar Gardens tana kusa da PR-52, kuma kusa da Jami'ar Puerto Rico, harabar Río Piedras . A tarihi, galibin gidajen sun ƙunshi iyalai na matsakaicin matsayi da na ƙasa, kuma tana aiki a matsayin "yankin kariya tsakanin yankunan masu arziki da ƙananan matsayi na San Juan". A halin yanzu, akwai kwararar mutane na manyan matsayi, waɗanda suka mayar da wasu gidaje zuwa manyan gidaje. A shekarar 1976, an mayar da ita makarantar maganadisu. Roxánna I. Duntley-Matos ta bayyana yadda makarantar ta kasance a shekarar 1981 kamar haka: === Guguwar María, girgizar ƙasa da COVID-19 === Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico ta 2019-20, an tantance girgizar ƙasa ta UGHS, kuma yayin da mai duba filin ya ayyana makarantar "ta dace da aiki da zama nan take," sun lura cewa akwai tsage-tsage a bangon, da kuma fuskar bangon da ke kusa da karyewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaya Gil |first=José R. |date=2020-01-16 |title=Certificacion de Escuelas 2020: 61531-University Gardens |trans-title=2020 School Certification: 61531-University Gardens |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200107/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |pages=9–11 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun gwamnati 172 da aka gano a matsayin "masu dacewa a buɗe" ne ya zama wani ɓangare na matakin farko da Ma'aikatar ta gabatar na ci gaba da koyarwa ta kai tsaye daga watan Maris. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan shirin, kuma azuzuwan da ake yi a kai tsaye ba su faru ba sai a ranar 13 ga Mayu. A ranar farko ta ɗaliban aji, ɗaliban aji za su zo da ayari a ranar farko ta makaranta, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin gargajiya na farkon shekararsu ta ƙarshe. Saboda annobar COVID-19, daga watan Agusta na 2021 zuwa gaba, za a fara azuzuwan da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare&nbsp;safe kuma ya ƙare da ƙarfe 1:00&nbsp;yamma, bayan ɗalibai sun karɓi abincin rana nasu na kai-da-kai kawai. == Al'ummar makaranta == === Amincewa === [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] An sami takardar shaidar karatu daga Majalisar Ilimi ta Puerto Rico tsawon shekaru shida. Duk da haka, a cikin 2014, Majalisar ta amince da ita, amma ba ta amince da ita ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Instituciones de Educacion Básica Pública al 30 de mayo de 2014 |trans-title=Institutions of Public Basic Education as of May 30, 2014 |url=https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf#page=85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619232556/https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Education Council]] |page=85 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Makarantu na Musamman na Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci), <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Christian Herrero |first=María C. |date=2017-11-15 |title=Segunda reunión profesional para directores de escuelas especializadas |trans-title=Second Professional Meeting for Directors of Specialized Schools |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619230209/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1 |language=es}}</ref> wanda a wasu lokutan yana ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Sakataren Ayyukan Ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muñoz Marrero |first=Grisel |date=2012-05-14 |title=Recertificación en educación bilingüe para maestros del plan de trabajo "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |trans-title=Recertification in bilingual education for teachers of the work plan "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620150041/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=2 |language=es}}</ref> Ayyukan Canjin Ilimi, <ref name=":2" /> Sashen Manhaja da Ƙirƙirar Ilimi, da kuma Babban Sakatare na Harkokin Ilimi da Shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1990, an rarraba Lambunan Jami'a a matsayin "Makarantar Inganci", kamar yadda koyarwar ta dogara ne akan samfurin Ronald Edmonds . Kasancewar makarantar da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke ɗauka a matsayin makaranta mai taurari biyar, tana samun ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ake bai wa makarantar da ba ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin kuɗi don ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci, tun daga shekarar 2018,  ƙasa da kashi 32.3% a shekarar makaranta ta 1997-1998, lokacin da aka ƙidaya ta da jimillar ɗalibai 758.  === Manyan abubuwa === A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi ɗalibai shida daga UGHS don shiga cikin Shirin Bututun Injiniyan Grid na Ƙasa a Syracuse, wanda National Grid ta ɗauki nauyinsa, wanda ya ba su tafiyar kuɗi mai yawa don ziyartar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Rana ta Fruit Belt, Aikin Wutar Lantarki na Niagara da Jami'ar Syracuse . === Filin makaranta === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fi amfani da makarantar don yin hira da masu neman mukamai a wasu makarantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=del Valle Meléndez |first=Juan A. |date=2016-07-13 |title=Convocatoria por Reclutamiento Especial Escuelas Montessori Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |trans-title=Call for Special Recruitment Montessori Schools Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912201105/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1-1 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko na makarantun sakandare uku da aka zaɓa don shiga cikin Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani da Takardu ta Laburare ta Puerto Rico (PRILINET) a cikin 1979. === Ma'aikatan makaranta === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;" !Shugabannin makarantu | Denisse Valderrama Cintron | Agusta 2019 | ''Mai ci a yanzu'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q10jbm2t5fmmx911ty2lwxswgqwgll0 885234 885233 2026-07-20T11:51:08Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Gardens''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : '''''Escuela Superior University Gardens''''', wacce aka rage mata suna '''UGHS''' ), a hukumance '''Makarantar Al'umma ta Jami'ar Gardens wacce ta ƙware a [[Kimiyya]] da Lissafi''', makarantar magnet ce ta sakandare da ke Hato Rey Sur, San Juan, Puerto Rico . Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico ne ke gudanar da Jami'ar Gardens kuma Sashen Makarantun Musamman (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentín González |first=Harry |date=2016-09-01 |title=Reuniones de directores de escuelas especializadas o proyectos educativos innovadores por especialidad |trans-title=Meetings of directors of specialized schools or innovative educational projects by specialty |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912195606/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=7-7 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens ta shahara da manyan matsayi, al'adarta ta "aiki tukuru" tana shiga cikin al'adun ƙasa. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci . == Tarihi == Tun aƙalla 1972, [[makarantar sakandare]] da sakandare ta riga ta wanzu a cikin al'ummar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya, da ke cikin gundumar Río Piedras . Unguwar Jami'ar Gardens tana kusa da PR-52, kuma kusa da Jami'ar Puerto Rico, harabar Río Piedras . A tarihi, galibin gidajen sun ƙunshi iyalai na matsakaicin matsayi da na ƙasa, kuma tana aiki a matsayin "yankin kariya tsakanin yankunan masu arziki da ƙananan matsayi na San Juan". A halin yanzu, akwai kwararar mutane na manyan matsayi, waɗanda suka mayar da wasu gidaje zuwa manyan gidaje. A shekarar 1976, an mayar da ita makarantar maganadisu. Roxánna I. Duntley-Matos ta bayyana yadda makarantar ta kasance a shekarar 1981 kamar haka: === Guguwar María, girgizar ƙasa da COVID-19 === Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico ta 2019-20, an tantance girgizar ƙasa ta UGHS, kuma yayin da mai duba filin ya ayyana makarantar "ta dace da aiki da zama nan take," sun lura cewa akwai tsage-tsage a bangon, da kuma fuskar bangon da ke kusa da karyewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaya Gil |first=José R. |date=2020-01-16 |title=Certificacion de Escuelas 2020: 61531-University Gardens |trans-title=2020 School Certification: 61531-University Gardens |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200107/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |pages=9–11 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun gwamnati 172 da aka gano a matsayin "masu dacewa a buɗe" ne ya zama wani ɓangare na matakin farko da Ma'aikatar ta gabatar na ci gaba da koyarwa ta kai tsaye daga watan Maris. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan shirin, kuma azuzuwan da ake yi a kai tsaye ba su faru ba sai a ranar 13 ga Mayu. A ranar farko ta ɗaliban aji, ɗaliban aji za su zo da ayari a ranar farko ta makaranta, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin gargajiya na farkon shekararsu ta ƙarshe. Saboda annobar COVID-19, daga watan Agusta na 2021 zuwa gaba, za a fara azuzuwan da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare&nbsp;safe kuma ya ƙare da ƙarfe 1:00&nbsp;yamma, bayan ɗalibai sun karɓi abincin rana nasu na kai-da-kai kawai. == Al'ummar makaranta == === Amincewa === [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] An sami takardar shaidar karatu daga Majalisar Ilimi ta Puerto Rico tsawon shekaru shida. Duk da haka, a cikin 2014, Majalisar ta amince da ita, amma ba ta amince da ita ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Instituciones de Educacion Básica Pública al 30 de mayo de 2014 |trans-title=Institutions of Public Basic Education as of May 30, 2014 |url=https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf#page=85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619232556/https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Education Council]] |page=85 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Makarantu na Musamman na Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci), <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Christian Herrero |first=María C. |date=2017-11-15 |title=Segunda reunión profesional para directores de escuelas especializadas |trans-title=Second Professional Meeting for Directors of Specialized Schools |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619230209/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1 |language=es}}</ref> wanda a wasu lokutan yana ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Sakataren Ayyukan Ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muñoz Marrero |first=Grisel |date=2012-05-14 |title=Recertificación en educación bilingüe para maestros del plan de trabajo "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |trans-title=Recertification in bilingual education for teachers of the work plan "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620150041/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=2 |language=es}}</ref> Ayyukan Canjin Ilimi, <ref name=":2" /> Sashen Manhaja da Ƙirƙirar Ilimi, da kuma Babban Sakatare na Harkokin Ilimi da Shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1990, an rarraba Lambunan Jami'a a matsayin "Makarantar Inganci", kamar yadda koyarwar ta dogara ne akan samfurin Ronald Edmonds . Kasancewar makarantar da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke ɗauka a matsayin makaranta mai taurari biyar, tana samun ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ake bai wa makarantar da ba ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin kuɗi don ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci, tun daga shekarar 2018,  ƙasa da kashi 32.3% a shekarar makaranta ta 1997-1998, lokacin da aka ƙidaya ta da jimillar ɗalibai 758.  === Manyan abubuwa === A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi ɗalibai shida daga UGHS don shiga cikin Shirin Bututun Injiniyan Grid na Ƙasa a Syracuse, wanda National Grid ta ɗauki nauyinsa, wanda ya ba su tafiyar kuɗi mai yawa don ziyartar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Rana ta Fruit Belt, Aikin Wutar Lantarki na Niagara da Jami'ar Syracuse . === Filin makaranta === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fi amfani da makarantar don yin hira da masu neman mukamai a wasu makarantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=del Valle Meléndez |first=Juan A. |date=2016-07-13 |title=Convocatoria por Reclutamiento Especial Escuelas Montessori Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |trans-title=Call for Special Recruitment Montessori Schools Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912201105/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1-1 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko na makarantun sakandare uku da aka zaɓa don shiga cikin Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani da Takardu ta Laburare ta Puerto Rico (PRILINET) a cikin 1979. === Ma'aikatan makaranta === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;" !Shugabannin makarantu | Denisse Valderrama Cintron | Agusta 2019 | ''Mai ci a yanzu'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] alhs8ql4w5vk2ed5a41ntcc0rqvsl6a 885236 885234 2026-07-20T11:51:40Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Gardens''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : '''''Escuela Superior University Gardens''''', wacce aka rage mata suna '''UGHS''' ), a hukumance '''Makarantar Al'umma ta Jami'ar Gardens wacce ta ƙware a [[Kimiyya]] da Lissafi''', makarantar magnet ce ta sakandare da ke Hato Rey Sur, San Juan, Puerto Rico . Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico ne ke gudanar da Jami'ar Gardens kuma Sashen Makarantun Musamman (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentín González |first=Harry |date=2016-09-01 |title=Reuniones de directores de escuelas especializadas o proyectos educativos innovadores por especialidad |trans-title=Meetings of directors of specialized schools or innovative educational projects by specialty |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912195606/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=7-7 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens ta shahara da manyan matsayi, al'adarta ta "aiki tukuru" tana shiga cikin al'adun ƙasa. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci . == Tarihi == Tun aƙalla 1972, [[makarantar sakandare]] da sakandare ta riga ta wanzu a cikin al'ummar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya, da ke cikin gundumar Río Piedras . Unguwar Jami'ar Gardens tana kusa da PR-52, kuma kusa da Jami'ar Puerto Rico, harabar Río Piedras . A tarihi, galibin gidajen sun ƙunshi iyalai na matsakaicin matsayi da na ƙasa, kuma tana aiki a matsayin "yankin kariya tsakanin yankunan masu [[arziki]] da ƙananan matsayi na San Juan". A halin yanzu, akwai kwararar mutane na manyan matsayi, waɗanda suka mayar da wasu gidaje zuwa manyan gidaje. A shekarar 1976, an mayar da ita makarantar maganadisu. Roxánna I. Duntley-Matos ta bayyana yadda makarantar ta kasance a shekarar 1981 kamar haka: === Guguwar María, girgizar ƙasa da COVID-19 === Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico ta 2019-20, an tantance girgizar ƙasa ta UGHS, kuma yayin da mai duba filin ya ayyana makarantar "ta dace da aiki da zama nan take," sun lura cewa akwai tsage-tsage a bangon, da kuma fuskar bangon da ke kusa da karyewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaya Gil |first=José R. |date=2020-01-16 |title=Certificacion de Escuelas 2020: 61531-University Gardens |trans-title=2020 School Certification: 61531-University Gardens |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200107/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |pages=9–11 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun gwamnati 172 da aka gano a matsayin "masu dacewa a buɗe" ne ya zama wani ɓangare na matakin farko da Ma'aikatar ta gabatar na ci gaba da koyarwa ta kai tsaye daga watan Maris. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan shirin, kuma azuzuwan da ake yi a kai tsaye ba su faru ba sai a ranar 13 ga Mayu. A ranar farko ta ɗaliban aji, ɗaliban aji za su zo da ayari a ranar farko ta makaranta, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin gargajiya na farkon shekararsu ta ƙarshe. Saboda annobar COVID-19, daga watan Agusta na 2021 zuwa gaba, za a fara azuzuwan da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare&nbsp;safe kuma ya ƙare da ƙarfe 1:00&nbsp;yamma, bayan ɗalibai sun karɓi abincin rana nasu na kai-da-kai kawai. == Al'ummar makaranta == === Amincewa === [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] An sami takardar shaidar karatu daga Majalisar Ilimi ta Puerto Rico tsawon shekaru shida. Duk da haka, a cikin 2014, Majalisar ta amince da ita, amma ba ta amince da ita ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Instituciones de Educacion Básica Pública al 30 de mayo de 2014 |trans-title=Institutions of Public Basic Education as of May 30, 2014 |url=https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf#page=85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619232556/https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Education Council]] |page=85 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Makarantu na Musamman na Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci), <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Christian Herrero |first=María C. |date=2017-11-15 |title=Segunda reunión profesional para directores de escuelas especializadas |trans-title=Second Professional Meeting for Directors of Specialized Schools |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619230209/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1 |language=es}}</ref> wanda a wasu lokutan yana ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Sakataren Ayyukan Ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muñoz Marrero |first=Grisel |date=2012-05-14 |title=Recertificación en educación bilingüe para maestros del plan de trabajo "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |trans-title=Recertification in bilingual education for teachers of the work plan "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620150041/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=2 |language=es}}</ref> Ayyukan Canjin Ilimi, <ref name=":2" /> Sashen Manhaja da Ƙirƙirar Ilimi, da kuma Babban Sakatare na Harkokin Ilimi da Shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1990, an rarraba Lambunan Jami'a a matsayin "Makarantar Inganci", kamar yadda koyarwar ta dogara ne akan samfurin Ronald Edmonds . Kasancewar makarantar da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke ɗauka a matsayin makaranta mai taurari biyar, tana samun ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ake bai wa makarantar da ba ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin kuɗi don ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci, tun daga shekarar 2018,  ƙasa da kashi 32.3% a shekarar makaranta ta 1997-1998, lokacin da aka ƙidaya ta da jimillar ɗalibai 758.  === Manyan abubuwa === A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi ɗalibai shida daga UGHS don shiga cikin Shirin Bututun Injiniyan Grid na Ƙasa a Syracuse, wanda National Grid ta ɗauki nauyinsa, wanda ya ba su tafiyar kuɗi mai yawa don ziyartar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Rana ta Fruit Belt, Aikin Wutar Lantarki na Niagara da Jami'ar Syracuse . === Filin makaranta === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fi amfani da makarantar don yin hira da masu neman mukamai a wasu makarantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=del Valle Meléndez |first=Juan A. |date=2016-07-13 |title=Convocatoria por Reclutamiento Especial Escuelas Montessori Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |trans-title=Call for Special Recruitment Montessori Schools Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912201105/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1-1 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko na makarantun sakandare uku da aka zaɓa don shiga cikin Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani da Takardu ta Laburare ta Puerto Rico (PRILINET) a cikin 1979. === Ma'aikatan makaranta === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;" !Shugabannin makarantu | Denisse Valderrama Cintron | Agusta 2019 | ''Mai ci a yanzu'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] ofqgtb4rx0ds23l9orw72gjta8syg18 885237 885236 2026-07-20T11:52:20Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Gardens''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : '''''Escuela Superior University Gardens''''', wacce aka rage mata suna '''UGHS''' ), a hukumance '''Makarantar Al'umma ta Jami'ar Gardens wacce ta ƙware a [[Kimiyya]] da Lissafi''', makarantar magnet ce ta sakandare da ke Hato Rey Sur, San Juan, Puerto Rico . Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico ne ke gudanar da Jami'ar Gardens kuma Sashen Makarantun Musamman (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentín González |first=Harry |date=2016-09-01 |title=Reuniones de directores de escuelas especializadas o proyectos educativos innovadores por especialidad |trans-title=Meetings of directors of specialized schools or innovative educational projects by specialty |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912195606/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=7-7 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens ta shahara da manyan matsayi, al'adarta ta "aiki tukuru" tana shiga cikin al'adun ƙasa. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin [[talauci]] . == Tarihi == Tun aƙalla 1972, [[makarantar sakandare]] da sakandare ta riga ta wanzu a cikin al'ummar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya, da ke cikin gundumar Río Piedras . Unguwar Jami'ar Gardens tana kusa da PR-52, kuma kusa da Jami'ar Puerto Rico, harabar Río Piedras . A tarihi, galibin gidajen sun ƙunshi iyalai na matsakaicin matsayi da na ƙasa, kuma tana aiki a matsayin "yankin kariya tsakanin yankunan masu [[arziki]] da ƙananan matsayi na San Juan". A halin yanzu, akwai kwararar mutane na manyan matsayi, waɗanda suka mayar da wasu gidaje zuwa manyan gidaje. A shekarar 1976, an mayar da ita makarantar maganadisu. Roxánna I. Duntley-Matos ta bayyana yadda makarantar ta kasance a shekarar 1981 kamar haka: === Guguwar María, girgizar ƙasa da COVID-19 === Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico ta 2019-20, an tantance girgizar ƙasa ta UGHS, kuma yayin da mai duba filin ya ayyana makarantar "ta dace da aiki da zama nan take," sun lura cewa akwai tsage-tsage a bangon, da kuma fuskar bangon da ke kusa da karyewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaya Gil |first=José R. |date=2020-01-16 |title=Certificacion de Escuelas 2020: 61531-University Gardens |trans-title=2020 School Certification: 61531-University Gardens |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200107/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |pages=9–11 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun gwamnati 172 da aka gano a matsayin "masu dacewa a buɗe" ne ya zama wani ɓangare na matakin farko da Ma'aikatar ta gabatar na ci gaba da koyarwa ta kai tsaye daga watan Maris. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan shirin, kuma azuzuwan da ake yi a kai tsaye ba su faru ba sai a ranar 13 ga Mayu. A ranar farko ta ɗaliban aji, ɗaliban aji za su zo da ayari a ranar farko ta makaranta, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin gargajiya na farkon shekararsu ta ƙarshe. Saboda annobar COVID-19, daga watan Agusta na 2021 zuwa gaba, za a fara azuzuwan da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare&nbsp;safe kuma ya ƙare da ƙarfe 1:00&nbsp;yamma, bayan ɗalibai sun karɓi abincin rana nasu na kai-da-kai kawai. == Al'ummar makaranta == === Amincewa === [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] An sami takardar shaidar karatu daga Majalisar Ilimi ta Puerto Rico tsawon shekaru shida. Duk da haka, a cikin 2014, Majalisar ta amince da ita, amma ba ta amince da ita ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Instituciones de Educacion Básica Pública al 30 de mayo de 2014 |trans-title=Institutions of Public Basic Education as of May 30, 2014 |url=https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf#page=85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619232556/https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Education Council]] |page=85 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Makarantu na Musamman na Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci), <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Christian Herrero |first=María C. |date=2017-11-15 |title=Segunda reunión profesional para directores de escuelas especializadas |trans-title=Second Professional Meeting for Directors of Specialized Schools |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619230209/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1 |language=es}}</ref> wanda a wasu lokutan yana ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Sakataren Ayyukan Ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muñoz Marrero |first=Grisel |date=2012-05-14 |title=Recertificación en educación bilingüe para maestros del plan de trabajo "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |trans-title=Recertification in bilingual education for teachers of the work plan "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620150041/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=2 |language=es}}</ref> Ayyukan Canjin Ilimi, <ref name=":2" /> Sashen Manhaja da Ƙirƙirar Ilimi, da kuma Babban Sakatare na Harkokin Ilimi da Shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1990, an rarraba Lambunan Jami'a a matsayin "Makarantar Inganci", kamar yadda koyarwar ta dogara ne akan samfurin Ronald Edmonds . Kasancewar makarantar da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke ɗauka a matsayin makaranta mai taurari biyar, tana samun ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ake bai wa makarantar da ba ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin kuɗi don ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci, tun daga shekarar 2018,  ƙasa da kashi 32.3% a shekarar makaranta ta 1997-1998, lokacin da aka ƙidaya ta da jimillar ɗalibai 758.  === Manyan abubuwa === A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi ɗalibai shida daga UGHS don shiga cikin Shirin Bututun Injiniyan Grid na Ƙasa a Syracuse, wanda National Grid ta ɗauki nauyinsa, wanda ya ba su tafiyar kuɗi mai yawa don ziyartar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Rana ta Fruit Belt, Aikin Wutar Lantarki na Niagara da Jami'ar Syracuse . === Filin makaranta === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fi amfani da makarantar don yin hira da masu neman mukamai a wasu makarantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=del Valle Meléndez |first=Juan A. |date=2016-07-13 |title=Convocatoria por Reclutamiento Especial Escuelas Montessori Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |trans-title=Call for Special Recruitment Montessori Schools Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912201105/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1-1 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko na makarantun sakandare uku da aka zaɓa don shiga cikin Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani da Takardu ta Laburare ta Puerto Rico (PRILINET) a cikin 1979. === Ma'aikatan makaranta === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;" !Shugabannin makarantu | Denisse Valderrama Cintron | Agusta 2019 | ''Mai ci a yanzu'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hafvsy8u2r12fmdig8jd9o6gl76dmjo 885240 885237 2026-07-20T11:54:19Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Jami'ar Gardens''' ( [[Yaren Sifen|Spanish]] : '''''Escuela Superior University Gardens''''', wacce aka rage mata suna '''UGHS''' ), a hukumance '''Makarantar Al'umma ta Jami'ar Gardens wacce ta ƙware a [[Kimiyya]] da Lissafi''', makarantar magnet ce ta sakandare da ke Hato Rey Sur, San Juan, Puerto Rico . Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico ne ke gudanar da Jami'ar Gardens kuma Sashen Makarantun Musamman (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentín González |first=Harry |date=2016-09-01 |title=Reuniones de directores de escuelas especializadas o proyectos educativos innovadores por especialidad |trans-title=Meetings of directors of specialized schools or innovative educational projects by specialty |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912195606/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201609070010.pdf |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=7-7 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens ta shahara da manyan matsayi, al'adarta ta "aiki tukuru" tana shiga cikin al'adun ƙasa. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin [[talauci]] . == Tarihi == Tun aƙalla 1972, [[makarantar sakandare]] da sakandare ta riga ta wanzu a cikin al'ummar da ke da sunan iri ɗaya, da ke cikin gundumar Río Piedras . Unguwar Jami'ar Gardens tana kusa da PR-52, kuma kusa da Jami'ar Puerto Rico, harabar Río Piedras . A tarihi, galibin gidajen sun ƙunshi iyalai na matsakaicin matsayi da na ƙasa, kuma tana aiki a matsayin "yankin kariya tsakanin yankunan masu [[arziki]] da ƙananan matsayi na San Juan". A halin yanzu, akwai kwararar mutane na manyan matsayi, waɗanda suka mayar da wasu gidaje zuwa manyan gidaje. A shekarar 1976, an mayar da ita makarantar maganadisu. Roxánna I. Duntley-Matos ta bayyana yadda makarantar ta kasance a shekarar 1981 kamar haka: === Guguwar María, girgizar ƙasa da COVID-19 === Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta Puerto Rico ta 2019-20, an tantance girgizar ƙasa ta UGHS, kuma yayin da mai duba filin ya ayyana makarantar "ta dace da aiki da zama nan take," sun lura cewa akwai tsage-tsage a bangon, da kuma fuskar bangon da ke kusa da karyewa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaya Gil |first=José R. |date=2020-01-16 |title=Certificacion de Escuelas 2020: 61531-University Gardens |trans-title=2020 School Certification: 61531-University Gardens |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F%5Flayouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform%2Easpx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912200107/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Certificacion%20de%20Escuelas%202020/Region%20San%20Juan/61531-University%20Gardens.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D1cdfeb74%252D73a0%252D44cb%252Dab0c%252D4f4d90b98738%26View%3D5f4b160b%252D5c52%252D44e4%252D9dec%252Dbec59931378f%26RootFolder%3D%252FCertificacion%2520de%2520Escuelas%25202020%252FRegion%2520San%2520Juan%26ID%3D1555%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |pages=9–11 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2021, ɗaya daga cikin makarantun gwamnati 172 da aka gano a matsayin "masu dacewa a buɗe" ne ya zama wani ɓangare na matakin farko da Ma'aikatar ta gabatar na ci gaba da koyarwa ta kai tsaye daga watan Maris. Duk da haka, an yi watsi da wannan shirin, kuma azuzuwan da ake yi a kai tsaye ba su faru ba sai a ranar 13 ga Mayu. A ranar farko ta ɗaliban aji, ɗaliban aji za su zo da ayari a ranar farko ta makaranta, a matsayin wani ɓangare na bikin gargajiya na farkon shekararsu ta ƙarshe. Saboda annobar [[Annobar COVID-19 a Afrika|COVID]]-19, daga watan Agusta na 2021 zuwa gaba, za a fara azuzuwan da ƙarfe 8:00 na dare&nbsp;safe kuma ya ƙare da ƙarfe 1:00&nbsp;yamma, bayan ɗalibai sun karɓi abincin rana nasu na kai-da-kai kawai. == Al'ummar makaranta == === Amincewa === [[File:Puerto_Rico_Specialized_School_Unit_Logo.png|alt=Capital <nowiki>''U'' with red and color sections, denoting a magnet, followed by a minuscule ''n'' and two capital ''E''s in black. Under all are the words '''Unidad de Escuelas Especializadas''</nowiki> ("Specialized Schools Unit").|thumb| Tambarin Sashen Makarantu na Musamman, sashen [[Magnet school|makarantar maganadisu na Ma'aikatar Ilimi]]]] An sami takardar shaidar karatu daga Majalisar Ilimi ta Puerto Rico tsawon shekaru shida. Duk da haka, a cikin 2014, Majalisar ta amince da ita, amma ba ta amince da ita ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-30 |title=Instituciones de Educacion Básica Pública al 30 de mayo de 2014 |trans-title=Institutions of Public Basic Education as of May 30, 2014 |url=https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf#page=85 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619232556/https://agencias.pr.gov/agencias/cepr/inicio/licenciamiento/Documents/Lista%20de%20Instituciones%20Pk-12/Instituciones%20de%20Educacion%20Basica%20Publicas%20mayo%202014.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Education Council]] |page=85 |language=es}}</ref> Jami'ar Gardens wani ɓangare ne na Sashen Makarantu na Musamman na Sashen Ilimi na Puerto Rico (UnEE, don farkon haruffansa a cikin Sifaniyanci), <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Christian Herrero |first=María C. |date=2017-11-15 |title=Segunda reunión profesional para directores de escuelas especializadas |trans-title=Second Professional Meeting for Directors of Specialized Schools |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210619230209/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/201711170119-FIRMADO.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-19 |access-date=2021-06-19 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1 |language=es}}</ref> wanda a wasu lokutan yana ƙarƙashin Mataimakin Sakataren Ayyukan Ilimi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Muñoz Marrero |first=Grisel |date=2012-05-14 |title=Recertificación en educación bilingüe para maestros del plan de trabajo "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |trans-title=Recertification in bilingual education for teachers of the work plan "Student Empowerment for the 21st Century" |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210620150041/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Comunicados%20Oficiales/20120515154303113.pdf |archive-date=2021-06-20 |access-date=2021-06-20 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=2 |language=es}}</ref> Ayyukan Canjin Ilimi, <ref name=":2" /> Sashen Manhaja da Ƙirƙirar Ilimi, da kuma Babban Sakatare na Harkokin Ilimi da Shirye-shirye. A shekarar 1990, an rarraba Lambunan Jami'a a matsayin "Makarantar Inganci", kamar yadda koyarwar ta dogara ne akan samfurin Ronald Edmonds . Kasancewar makarantar da Ma'aikatar Ilimi ke ɗauka a matsayin makaranta mai taurari biyar, tana samun ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da waɗanda ake bai wa makarantar da ba ta yi aiki yadda ya kamata ba, waɗanda ke samun ƙarin kuɗi don ci gaban ƙwararru na malamai. An san ta da nuna wasu daga cikin mafi girman maki na jarrabawa a Puerto Rico, an soki ta da samun kashi 27.8% na ɗalibanta sun fito ne daga rayuwa ƙasa da layin talauci, tun daga shekarar 2018,  ƙasa da kashi 32.3% a shekarar makaranta ta 1997-1998, lokacin da aka ƙidaya ta da jimillar ɗalibai 758.  === Manyan abubuwa === A shekarar 2018, an zaɓi ɗalibai shida daga UGHS don shiga cikin Shirin Bututun Injiniyan Grid na Ƙasa a Syracuse, wanda National Grid ta ɗauki nauyinsa, wanda ya ba su tafiyar kuɗi mai yawa don ziyartar Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Rana ta Fruit Belt, Aikin Wutar Lantarki na Niagara da Jami'ar Syracuse . === Filin makaranta === Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta fi amfani da makarantar don yin hira da masu neman mukamai a wasu makarantu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=del Valle Meléndez |first=Juan A. |date=2016-07-13 |title=Convocatoria por Reclutamiento Especial Escuelas Montessori Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |trans-title=Call for Special Recruitment Montessori Schools Eduardo J. Saldaña, Luis Llorens Torres, Santa Rosa III & Eduardo Rexach |url=http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912201105/http://intraedu.dde.pr/Convocatorias/201607130006.pdf?Mobile=1&Source=%2F_layouts%2Fmobile%2Fdispform.aspx%3FList%3D5f237b54-ef0a-414b-8aae-e21f94460946%26View%3D1f6d83d7-8a8a-459c-bcd1-e91003180d45%26ID%3D4850%26CurrentPage%3D1 |archive-date=2021-09-12 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=[[Puerto Rico Department of Education]] |page=1-1 |language=es |format=PDF}}</ref> Laburaren makarantar yana ɗaya daga cikin ɗakunan karatu na farko na makarantun sakandare uku da aka zaɓa don shiga cikin Cibiyar Bayar da Bayani da Takardu ta Laburare ta Puerto Rico (PRILINET) a cikin 1979. === Ma'aikatan makaranta === {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center;" !Shugabannin makarantu | Denisse Valderrama Cintron | Agusta 2019 | ''Mai ci a yanzu'' |} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] jepgrzch2z9hm3kmmh20lunnjbeovpm 0 161866 884931 884792 2026-07-19T14:58:35Z EmausBot 1782 Fixing double redirect from [[Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba (fim - Kashi na 1)]] to [[Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba (fim - Zango na 1)]] 884931 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba (fim - Zango na 1)]] 4czz6r4behlyoftzh08adhymxypuapa 0 161871 884918 2026-07-19T13:23:58Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359997527|Tyler Brown (American football)]]" 884918 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai Tyler Brown''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Clemson Tigers . == Rayuwa ta farko == Brown ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Greenville a Greenville, ta Kudu Carolina . A lokacin aikinsa, yana da liyafa 148 don yadudduka 2,501 da kuma touchdowns 32. Da farko ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Minnesota don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji kafin ya canza zuwa Jami'ar Clemson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dandron |first=Joe |date=August 1, 2022 |title=What defines Minnesota football commit Tyler Brown, a Greenville WR who had Ivy League options |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/08/02/tyler-brown-football-recruiting-minnesota-commit-greenville/10110687002/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Greenville News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greder |first=Andy |date=June 20, 2022 |title=Gophers football adds fast South Carolina receiver Tyler Brown |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/06/20/gophers-football-adds-fast-south-carolina-receiver-tyler-brown/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=Twin Cities |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="p122">{{Cite web |last=Priester |first=JP |date=2022-11-24 |title=2023 In-State WR Tyler Brown Commits to Clemson |url=https://www.si.com/college/clemson/recruiting/2023-in-state-wr-tyler-brown-commits-to-clemson |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=SI.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Brown ya sami lokacin wasa nan take a shekarar farko ta gaskiya tare da Tigers a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blau |first=Jon |date=September 21, 2023 |title=Clemson frosh Tyler Brown flashes fearlessness, playmaking |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/sports/clemson/clemson-frosh-tyler-brown-flashes-fearlessness-playmaking/article_0633e5e4-57c8-11ee-add7-cb1defa948f5.html |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=Post and Courier |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Christina |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Clemson football: How Tyler Brown is getting playing time as freshman |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/college/clemson/2023/09/14/tyler-brown-clemson-football-receiver-greenville-high-school/70794343007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=false&gca-epti=z116046u118146e004600v116046&gca-ft=181&gca-ds=sophi&gnt-djm=1 |access-date=May 21, 2026 |website=Greenville Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Christina |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Clemson OC Garrett Riley open to getting freshman receiver Tyler Brown more snaps vs Florida State |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/college/clemson/2023/09/18/clemson-football-tyler-brown-garrett-riley-antonio-williams/70794419007/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Greenville News |language=en-US}}</ref> A wasan farko na aikinsa, yana da liyafa biyu don yadudduka 21. === Kididdigar kwaleji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar ! colspan="4" |Gudun daji ! colspan="4" |Komawa |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD !Mataki !Yds !Avg !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2023 !Clemson |'''13''' |'''52''' |'''531''' |'''10.2''' |'''4''' |2 |41 |'''20.5''' |0 |'''5''' |'''74''' |'''14.8''' |0 |- !2024 !Clemson |6 |5 |30 |6.0 |0 |1 | -2 | -2.0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !Clemson |13 |22 |191 |8.7 |0 |'''6''' |'''71''' |11.8 |'''1''' |2 |41 |20.5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/tyler-brown-7.html Ayyuka] !32 !79 !752 !9.5 !4 !9 !110 !12.2 !1 !7 !115 !16.4 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://clemsontigers.com/sports/football/roster/tyler-brown-wr/ Tarihin Clemson Tigers] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 08wt84w580u0lpejy5trcs28suv08et 884919 884918 2026-07-19T13:24:52Z Aluja 30485 884919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tyler Brown''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Clemson Tigers . == Rayuwa ta farko == Brown ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Greenville a Greenville, ta Kudu Carolina . A lokacin aikinsa, yana da liyafa 148 don yadudduka 2,501 da kuma touchdowns 32. Da farko ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Minnesota don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji kafin ya canza zuwa Jami'ar Clemson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dandron |first=Joe |date=August 1, 2022 |title=What defines Minnesota football commit Tyler Brown, a Greenville WR who had Ivy League options |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/08/02/tyler-brown-football-recruiting-minnesota-commit-greenville/10110687002/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Greenville News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greder |first=Andy |date=June 20, 2022 |title=Gophers football adds fast South Carolina receiver Tyler Brown |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/06/20/gophers-football-adds-fast-south-carolina-receiver-tyler-brown/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=Twin Cities |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="p122">{{Cite web |last=Priester |first=JP |date=2022-11-24 |title=2023 In-State WR Tyler Brown Commits to Clemson |url=https://www.si.com/college/clemson/recruiting/2023-in-state-wr-tyler-brown-commits-to-clemson |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=SI.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Brown ya sami lokacin wasa nan take a shekarar farko ta gaskiya tare da Tigers a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blau |first=Jon |date=September 21, 2023 |title=Clemson frosh Tyler Brown flashes fearlessness, playmaking |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/sports/clemson/clemson-frosh-tyler-brown-flashes-fearlessness-playmaking/article_0633e5e4-57c8-11ee-add7-cb1defa948f5.html |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=Post and Courier |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Christina |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Clemson football: How Tyler Brown is getting playing time as freshman |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/college/clemson/2023/09/14/tyler-brown-clemson-football-receiver-greenville-high-school/70794343007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=false&gca-epti=z116046u118146e004600v116046&gca-ft=181&gca-ds=sophi&gnt-djm=1 |access-date=May 21, 2026 |website=Greenville Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Christina |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Clemson OC Garrett Riley open to getting freshman receiver Tyler Brown more snaps vs Florida State |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/college/clemson/2023/09/18/clemson-football-tyler-brown-garrett-riley-antonio-williams/70794419007/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Greenville News |language=en-US}}</ref> A wasan farko na aikinsa, yana da liyafa biyu don yadudduka 21. === Kididdigar kwaleji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar ! colspan="4" |Gudun daji ! colspan="4" |Komawa |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD !Mataki !Yds !Avg !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2023 !Clemson |'''13''' |'''52''' |'''531''' |'''10.2''' |'''4''' |2 |41 |'''20.5''' |0 |'''5''' |'''74''' |'''14.8''' |0 |- !2024 !Clemson |6 |5 |30 |6.0 |0 |1 | -2 | -2.0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !Clemson |13 |22 |191 |8.7 |0 |'''6''' |'''71''' |11.8 |'''1''' |2 |41 |20.5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/tyler-brown-7.html Ayyuka] !32 !79 !752 !9.5 !4 !9 !110 !12.2 !1 !7 !115 !16.4 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://clemsontigers.com/sports/football/roster/tyler-brown-wr/ Tarihin Clemson Tigers] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] 8cmkxk0kodpk5pmng559tfos5dab1a5 884920 884919 2026-07-19T13:25:36Z Aluja 30485 884920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Tyler Brown''' (an haife shi a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Clemson Tigers . == Rayuwa ta farko == Brown ya halarci makarantar sakandare ta Greenville a Greenville, ta Kudu Carolina . A lokacin aikinsa, yana da liyafa 148 don yadudduka 2,501 da kuma touchdowns 32. Da farko ya himmatu ga Jami'ar Minnesota don buga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji kafin ya canza zuwa Jami'ar Clemson . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dandron |first=Joe |date=August 1, 2022 |title=What defines Minnesota football commit Tyler Brown, a Greenville WR who had Ivy League options |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/08/02/tyler-brown-football-recruiting-minnesota-commit-greenville/10110687002/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Greenville News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greder |first=Andy |date=June 20, 2022 |title=Gophers football adds fast South Carolina receiver Tyler Brown |url=https://www.twincities.com/2022/06/20/gophers-football-adds-fast-south-carolina-receiver-tyler-brown/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=Twin Cities |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="p122">{{Cite web |last=Priester |first=JP |date=2022-11-24 |title=2023 In-State WR Tyler Brown Commits to Clemson |url=https://www.si.com/college/clemson/recruiting/2023-in-state-wr-tyler-brown-commits-to-clemson |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=SI.com}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == Brown ya sami lokacin wasa nan take a shekarar farko ta gaskiya tare da Tigers a 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blau |first=Jon |date=September 21, 2023 |title=Clemson frosh Tyler Brown flashes fearlessness, playmaking |url=https://www.postandcourier.com/sports/clemson/clemson-frosh-tyler-brown-flashes-fearlessness-playmaking/article_0633e5e4-57c8-11ee-add7-cb1defa948f5.html |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=Post and Courier |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Christina |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Clemson football: How Tyler Brown is getting playing time as freshman |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/college/clemson/2023/09/14/tyler-brown-clemson-football-receiver-greenville-high-school/70794343007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=false&gca-epti=z116046u118146e004600v116046&gca-ft=181&gca-ds=sophi&gnt-djm=1 |access-date=May 21, 2026 |website=Greenville Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Long |first=Christina |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Clemson OC Garrett Riley open to getting freshman receiver Tyler Brown more snaps vs Florida State |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/sports/college/clemson/2023/09/18/clemson-football-tyler-brown-garrett-riley-antonio-williams/70794419007/ |access-date=July 5, 2024 |website=The Greenville News |language=en-US}}</ref> A wasan farko na aikinsa, yana da liyafa biyu don yadudduka 21. === Kididdigar kwaleji === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar ! colspan="4" |Gudun daji ! colspan="4" |Komawa |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD !Mataki !Yds !Avg !TD !Ret !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2023 !Clemson |'''13''' |'''52''' |'''531''' |'''10.2''' |'''4''' |2 |41 |'''20.5''' |0 |'''5''' |'''74''' |'''14.8''' |0 |- !2024 !Clemson |6 |5 |30 |6.0 |0 |1 | -2 | -2.0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |- !2025 !Clemson |13 |22 |191 |8.7 |0 |'''6''' |'''71''' |11.8 |'''1''' |2 |41 |20.5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/tyler-brown-7.html Ayyuka] !32 !79 !752 !9.5 !4 !9 !110 !12.2 !1 !7 !115 !16.4 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://clemsontigers.com/sports/football/roster/tyler-brown-wr/ Tarihin Clemson Tigers] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2005]] gykau0g0hihj6addfplnhj68nvmj0i0 0 161872 884921 2026-07-19T13:50:33Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336461349|1891 North Carolina Tar Heels football team]]" 884921 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1891 ta wakilci Jami'ar North Carolina a lokacin Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji na 1891. Sun buga wasanni biyu tare da rikodin karshe na 0-2. Babu wata kungiya ta kwallon kafa tun 1889 kafin wannan kakar. Kyaftin din tawagar a kakar 1891 sune Michael Hoke da George Graham . An ruwaito William P. Graves a matsayin kocin wannan tawagar, amma shi ne kocin a cikin bazara na 1891 lokacin da aka shirya UNC don yin wasa, amma bai yi ba. UNC tana jagorantar gasar tare da Wake Forest amma an rasa ta kafin wasan ya ƙare.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1895 |title=Outing; Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sJNAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA261 |website=google.com}}</ref> == Shiri == == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 33ugncait69isjhi8s2qqkb4ztm9ekd 884922 884921 2026-07-19T13:51:19Z Aluja 30485 884922 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1891 ta wakilci Jami'ar North Carolina a lokacin Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji na 1891. Sun buga wasanni biyu tare da rikodin karshe na 0-2. Babu wata kungiya ta kwallon kafa tun 1889 kafin wannan kakar. Kyaftin din tawagar a kakar 1891 sune Michael Hoke da George Graham . An ruwaito William P. Graves a matsayin kocin wannan tawagar, amma shi ne kocin a cikin bazara na 1891 lokacin da aka shirya UNC don yin wasa, amma bai yi ba. UNC tana jagorantar gasar tare da Wake Forest amma an rasa ta kafin wasan ya ƙare.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1895 |title=Outing; Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sJNAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA261 |website=google.com}}</ref> == Shiri == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} irrsa4gzzmtxfoecmvopehraxl1qlff 884923 884922 2026-07-19T13:51:57Z Aluja 30485 884923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina ta 1891 ta wakilci Jami'ar North Carolina a lokacin Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji na 1891. Sun buga wasanni biyu tare da rikodin karshe na 0-2. Babu wata kungiya ta kwallon kafa tun 1889 kafin wannan kakar. Kyaftin din tawagar a kakar 1891 sune Michael Hoke da George Graham . An ruwaito William P. Graves a matsayin kocin wannan tawagar, amma shi ne kocin a cikin bazara na 1891 lokacin da aka shirya UNC don yin wasa, amma bai yi ba. UNC tana jagorantar gasar tare da Wake Forest amma an rasa ta kafin wasan ya ƙare.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1895 |title=Outing; Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sJNAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA261 |website=google.com}}</ref> == Shiri == == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} imuxae0vvc94egc3kd5i4sop62e958w 0 161873 884924 2026-07-19T13:56:47Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1360056709|London Humphreys]]" 884924 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka London Humphreys (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Georgia Bulldogs na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). Ya taba buga wa Vanderbilt Commodores wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Humphreys ya halarci Christ Presbyterian Academy a Nashville, Tennessee . Yayinda yake a makarantar sakandare, Humphreys ya gudu ban da buga wasan baseball da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Ba har sai da yake ƙaramin shekara a makarantar sakandare ba ne Humphreys ya buga kakar wasa ta farko ta Kwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare, inda ya yi rikodin liyafa 45 don yadudduka 1,100 da kuma 12 touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raynor |first=Grace |title=Vanderbilt commit London Humphreys is not your typical Power 5 prospect |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3529067/2022/08/23/football-recruiting-vanderbilt-london-humphreys/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu karbuwa 60 don yadudduka 1,099 da kuma touchdowns 15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Vanderbilt football signee London Humphreys of CPA will miss track and field |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/04/24/london-humphreys-cpa-vanderbilt-football-track/70140995007/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani tauraron taurari uku, ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Vanderbilt a kan tayin daga Memphis, [[Kwallon kafa ta Tsakiyar Tennessee Blue Raiders|Jihar Tennessee ta Tsakiya]], da Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreager |first=Tom |title=London Humphreys stars in two spring sports, but after one varsity season football is likely his future |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/04/27/london-humphreys-football-recruiting-tssaa-cpa-baseball-track-field/7414204001/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Vanderbilt === Humphreys ya sami lokacin wasa nan take a cikin shekara ta farko, inda ya fara taka leda a wasan farko na aikinsa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudolph |first=Justin |date=2023-08-27 |title=True freshman London Humphreys hauls in first career catch and touchdown |url=https://www.on3.com/college/vanderbilt-commodores/news/true-freshman-london-humphreys-hauls-in-first-career-catch-and-touchdown/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=On3 |language=en}}</ref> A kan Wake Forest, ya samu karbuwa hudu don yadudduka 109 da kuma touchdown, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kira shi SEC Freshman of the Week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glennon |first=John |date=2023-09-11 |title=Vanderbilt's Humphreys named SEC freshman of the week |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/sports/football/vanderbilts-humphreys-named-sec-freshman-of-the-week/article_e040806e-50eb-11ee-a032-db6b979a9250.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Nashville Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wethington |first=Caleb |date=2023-09-11 |title=Vanderbilt WR earns SEC Freshman of the Week honors |url=https://www.wsmv.com/2023/09/11/vanderbilt-wr-earns-sec-freshman-week-honors/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=WSMV |language=en}}</ref> Humphreys ya gama kakar wasa tare da yadudduka 439 da kuma touchdowns hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt football wide receiver London Humphreys expected to enter transfer portal {{!}} Report |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2023/12/01/london-humphreys-vanderbilt-football-transfer-portal-wide-receiver/71775481007/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2023, Humphreys ya sanar da cewa zai shiga tashar canja wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vannozzi |first=Russell |date=2023-12-04 |title=Former CPA star, Vanderbilt wide receiver London Humphreys enters NCAA transfer portal |url=https://mainstreetmediatn.com/articles/christ-presbyterian-academy/former-cpa-star-vanderbilt-wide-receiver-london-humphreys-enters-ncaa-transfer-portal/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Main Street Media of Tennessee}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2023, Humphreys ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai koma Jami'ar Georgia, don buga wa Georgia Bulldogs wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt football receiver London Humphreys will transfer to Georgia |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/12/19/london-humphreys-georgia-football-transfer-vanderbilt-cpa/71912902007/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2023 !Vanderbilt |12 |22 |439 |20.0 |4 |- !2024 !Georgia |13 |15 |244 |16.3 |2 |- !2025 !Georgia |10 |18 |276 |15.3 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/london-humphreys-1.html Ayyuka] !35 !55 !959 !17.4 !9 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://georgiadogs.com/sports/football/roster/london-humphreys/8158 Tarihin Bulldogs na Georgia] * [https://vucommodores.com/roster/london-humphreys/ Vanderbilt Commodores bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] f4vp9igntenkwgtw80ertir9gib2hjw 884925 884924 2026-07-19T13:57:33Z Aluja 30485 884925 wikitext text/x-wiki London Humphreys (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Georgia Bulldogs na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). Ya taba buga wa Vanderbilt Commodores wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Humphreys ya halarci Christ Presbyterian Academy a Nashville, Tennessee . Yayinda yake a makarantar sakandare, Humphreys ya gudu ban da buga wasan baseball da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Ba har sai da yake ƙaramin shekara a makarantar sakandare ba ne Humphreys ya buga kakar wasa ta farko ta Kwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare, inda ya yi rikodin liyafa 45 don yadudduka 1,100 da kuma 12 touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raynor |first=Grace |title=Vanderbilt commit London Humphreys is not your typical Power 5 prospect |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3529067/2022/08/23/football-recruiting-vanderbilt-london-humphreys/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu karbuwa 60 don yadudduka 1,099 da kuma touchdowns 15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Vanderbilt football signee London Humphreys of CPA will miss track and field |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/04/24/london-humphreys-cpa-vanderbilt-football-track/70140995007/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani tauraron taurari uku, ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Vanderbilt a kan tayin daga Memphis, [[Kwallon kafa ta Tsakiyar Tennessee Blue Raiders|Jihar Tennessee ta Tsakiya]], da Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreager |first=Tom |title=London Humphreys stars in two spring sports, but after one varsity season football is likely his future |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/04/27/london-humphreys-football-recruiting-tssaa-cpa-baseball-track-field/7414204001/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Vanderbilt === Humphreys ya sami lokacin wasa nan take a cikin shekara ta farko, inda ya fara taka leda a wasan farko na aikinsa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudolph |first=Justin |date=2023-08-27 |title=True freshman London Humphreys hauls in first career catch and touchdown |url=https://www.on3.com/college/vanderbilt-commodores/news/true-freshman-london-humphreys-hauls-in-first-career-catch-and-touchdown/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=On3 |language=en}}</ref> A kan Wake Forest, ya samu karbuwa hudu don yadudduka 109 da kuma touchdown, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kira shi SEC Freshman of the Week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glennon |first=John |date=2023-09-11 |title=Vanderbilt's Humphreys named SEC freshman of the week |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/sports/football/vanderbilts-humphreys-named-sec-freshman-of-the-week/article_e040806e-50eb-11ee-a032-db6b979a9250.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Nashville Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wethington |first=Caleb |date=2023-09-11 |title=Vanderbilt WR earns SEC Freshman of the Week honors |url=https://www.wsmv.com/2023/09/11/vanderbilt-wr-earns-sec-freshman-week-honors/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=WSMV |language=en}}</ref> Humphreys ya gama kakar wasa tare da yadudduka 439 da kuma touchdowns hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt football wide receiver London Humphreys expected to enter transfer portal {{!}} Report |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2023/12/01/london-humphreys-vanderbilt-football-transfer-portal-wide-receiver/71775481007/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2023, Humphreys ya sanar da cewa zai shiga tashar canja wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vannozzi |first=Russell |date=2023-12-04 |title=Former CPA star, Vanderbilt wide receiver London Humphreys enters NCAA transfer portal |url=https://mainstreetmediatn.com/articles/christ-presbyterian-academy/former-cpa-star-vanderbilt-wide-receiver-london-humphreys-enters-ncaa-transfer-portal/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Main Street Media of Tennessee}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2023, Humphreys ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai koma Jami'ar Georgia, don buga wa Georgia Bulldogs wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt football receiver London Humphreys will transfer to Georgia |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/12/19/london-humphreys-georgia-football-transfer-vanderbilt-cpa/71912902007/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2023 !Vanderbilt |12 |22 |439 |20.0 |4 |- !2024 !Georgia |13 |15 |244 |16.3 |2 |- !2025 !Georgia |10 |18 |276 |15.3 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/london-humphreys-1.html Ayyuka] !35 !55 !959 !17.4 !9 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://georgiadogs.com/sports/football/roster/london-humphreys/8158 Tarihin Bulldogs na Georgia] * [https://vucommodores.com/roster/london-humphreys/ Vanderbilt Commodores bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7tluix1dlwvhtjwbeqstm5qsos7k942 884926 884925 2026-07-19T13:58:28Z Aluja 30485 884926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} London Humphreys (an haife shi a ranar 13 ga watan Mayu, shekara ta 2005) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na Georgia Bulldogs na Taron Kudu maso Gabas (SEC). Ya taba buga wa Vanderbilt Commodores wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Humphreys ya halarci Christ Presbyterian Academy a Nashville, Tennessee . Yayinda yake a makarantar sakandare, Humphreys ya gudu ban da buga wasan baseball da [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]]. Ba har sai da yake ƙaramin shekara a makarantar sakandare ba ne Humphreys ya buga kakar wasa ta farko ta Kwallon ƙafa ta makarantar sakandare, inda ya yi rikodin liyafa 45 don yadudduka 1,100 da kuma 12 touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raynor |first=Grace |title=Vanderbilt commit London Humphreys is not your typical Power 5 prospect |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/3529067/2022/08/23/football-recruiting-vanderbilt-london-humphreys/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Athletic |language=en}}</ref> A matsayinsa na babban jami'i, ya samu karbuwa 60 don yadudduka 1,099 da kuma touchdowns 15.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Vanderbilt football signee London Humphreys of CPA will miss track and field |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/04/24/london-humphreys-cpa-vanderbilt-football-track/70140995007/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> Wani tauraron taurari uku, ya himmatu ga buga wasan Kwallon ƙafa na kwaleji a Jami'ar Vanderbilt a kan tayin daga Memphis, [[Kwallon kafa ta Tsakiyar Tennessee Blue Raiders|Jihar Tennessee ta Tsakiya]], da Minnesota.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kreager |first=Tom |title=London Humphreys stars in two spring sports, but after one varsity season football is likely his future |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2022/04/27/london-humphreys-football-recruiting-tssaa-cpa-baseball-track-field/7414204001/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Vanderbilt === Humphreys ya sami lokacin wasa nan take a cikin shekara ta farko, inda ya fara taka leda a wasan farko na aikinsa na kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rudolph |first=Justin |date=2023-08-27 |title=True freshman London Humphreys hauls in first career catch and touchdown |url=https://www.on3.com/college/vanderbilt-commodores/news/true-freshman-london-humphreys-hauls-in-first-career-catch-and-touchdown/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=On3 |language=en}}</ref> A kan Wake Forest, ya samu karbuwa hudu don yadudduka 109 da kuma touchdown, kuma a sakamakon haka, an kira shi SEC Freshman of the Week.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glennon |first=John |date=2023-09-11 |title=Vanderbilt's Humphreys named SEC freshman of the week |url=https://www.nashvillepost.com/sports/football/vanderbilts-humphreys-named-sec-freshman-of-the-week/article_e040806e-50eb-11ee-a032-db6b979a9250.html |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Nashville Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Wethington |first=Caleb |date=2023-09-11 |title=Vanderbilt WR earns SEC Freshman of the Week honors |url=https://www.wsmv.com/2023/09/11/vanderbilt-wr-earns-sec-freshman-week-honors/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=WSMV |language=en}}</ref> Humphreys ya gama kakar wasa tare da yadudduka 439 da kuma touchdowns hudu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt football wide receiver London Humphreys expected to enter transfer portal {{!}} Report |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/college/vanderbilt/2023/12/01/london-humphreys-vanderbilt-football-transfer-portal-wide-receiver/71775481007/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2023, Humphreys ya sanar da cewa zai shiga tashar canja wuri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vannozzi |first=Russell |date=2023-12-04 |title=Former CPA star, Vanderbilt wide receiver London Humphreys enters NCAA transfer portal |url=https://mainstreetmediatn.com/articles/christ-presbyterian-academy/former-cpa-star-vanderbilt-wide-receiver-london-humphreys-enters-ncaa-transfer-portal/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=Main Street Media of Tennessee}}</ref> A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 2023, Humphreys ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai koma Jami'ar Georgia, don buga wa Georgia Bulldogs wasa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vanderbilt football receiver London Humphreys will transfer to Georgia |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/sports/high-school/2023/12/19/london-humphreys-georgia-football-transfer-vanderbilt-cpa/71912902007/ |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Tennessean |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Lokacin ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! rowspan="2" |GP ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !Rec !Yds !Avg !TD |- !2023 !Vanderbilt |12 |22 |439 |20.0 |4 |- !2024 !Georgia |13 |15 |244 |16.3 |2 |- !2025 !Georgia |10 |18 |276 |15.3 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/london-humphreys-1.html Ayyuka] !35 !55 !959 !17.4 !9 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://georgiadogs.com/sports/football/roster/london-humphreys/8158 Tarihin Bulldogs na Georgia] * [https://vucommodores.com/roster/london-humphreys/ Vanderbilt Commodores bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] 7olqnc1f11814xd8dwe5afni4ezsaun 0 161874 884927 2026-07-19T14:08:21Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353600937|Michael Harrison (American football)]]" 884927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Harrison''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na San Diego State Aztecs . Ya taba buga wa Colorado Buffaloes wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Harrison ya girma a San Francisco kuma ya halarci Shirye-shiryen Kwalejin St. Ignatius inda ya yi rubuce-rubuce a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa, tsere da filin wasa, ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma wasan baseball. Ya kasance ɗan wasa mai matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji kuma ya kuduri aniyar buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Colorado a matsayin mai karɓar ƙwallon ƙafa mai faɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Harrison, St. Ignatius College Preparatory, Tight End |url=https://247sports.com/Player/michael-harrison-46144219/high-school-302444/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=247sports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Praveen |first=Nagma |title=Who Is Colorado Buffaloes Tight End Michael Harrison? |url=https://sportsmanor.com/nfl-who-is-colorado-buffaloes-tight-end-michael-harrison/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=Sportsmanor}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Colorado === Harrison bai yi wasa ba a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko a shekarar 2020. A cikin 2021 ya buga dukkan wasanni 12 kuma ya gama kakar wasa tare da maki hudu na musamman tare da knockdown uku ko springing blocks a kan dawowar kickoff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Harrison |url=https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/michael-harrison/16370 |website=[[Colorado Buffaloes]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Harrison ya buga dukkan wasanni 12, galibi a kan kungiyoyi na musamman, kuma ya gama kakar wasa tare da maki bakwai na kungiyoyi na Musamman tare da tilasta kamawa daya da kuma buga kwallo biyar a kan dawowar kiɗa tare da liyafa biyu don yadudduka 12.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Harrison 2022 Gamelog |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/michael-harrison-2/gamelog/2022/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=[[Sports Reference]]}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Harrison ya sauya daga mai karɓa mai faɗi zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshe kuma ya sami wuri na ƙarshe na farawa don kakar 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Tyler |title=CU Buffs walk-on Michael Harrison has quickly gone from reserve wide receiver to starting tight end |url=https://denvergazette.com/sports/cu-buffs/cu-buffs-walk-on-michael-harrison-has-quickly-gone-from-reserve-wide-receiver-to-starting/article_87dd8a1a-3d41-11ee-8ecd-e3f2a204db55.html |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=Denver Gazette}}</ref> A cikin mako na 3 a kan Jihar Colorado, ya yi kamawa bakwai don yadudduka 76 da kuma touchdowns biyu, gami da jujjuyawar maki biyu don aika wasan zuwa karin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarles |first=Jesse |title=Deion Sanders: Walk-on tight end Michael Harrison "didn't flinch" during Colorado roster overhaul |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/michael-harrison-tight-end-colorado-buffaloes-coach-deion-sanders-touchdowns-walk-on/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=CBS News}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2023, Harrison ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai shiga tashar canja wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazmierczak |first=Anthony |date=December 4, 2023 |title=Colorado's Michael Harrison enters transfer portal |url=https://www.si.com/college/colorado/football/colorados-michael-harrison-enters-transfer-portal |access-date=December 6, 2023 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> === Jihar San Diego === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2023, Harrison ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai koma Jihar San Diego.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakos |first=Pete |date=December 18, 2023 |title=Colorado transfer TE Michael Harrison commits to San Diego State |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/michael-harrison-colorado-buffaloes-san-diego-state-transfer-portal-commitment-sean-lewis/ |access-date=December 18, 2023 |website=On3.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !GP !GS !Rec !Yards !Avg !TD |- !2020 !Colorado | colspan="8" |''Redshirt[[Fayil:Redshirt.svg|15x15px|Redshirt]]'' |- !2021 !Colorado |12 |0 |0 |0 |0.0 |0 |- !2022 !Colorado |12 |0 |2 |12 |6.0 |0 |- !2023 !Colorado |12 |4 |31 |284 |9.2 |5 |- !2024 !Jihar San Diego |12 |4 |18 |150 |8.3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/michael-harrison-2.html Ayyuka] !48 !8 !51 !446 !8.7 !5 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/michael-harrison/16370 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] * [https://goaztecs.com/sports/football/roster/player/michael-harrison San Diego Jihar Aztecs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] sgfijkk18yxfb3l568ffdhe0t5qv3d2 884928 884927 2026-07-19T14:09:06Z Aluja 30485 884928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Michael Harrison''' (an haife shi a ranar 19 ga Oktoba, 2001) ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na kwalejin Amurka na San Diego State Aztecs . Ya taba buga wa Colorado Buffaloes wasa a baya. == Rayuwa ta farko == Harrison ya girma a San Francisco kuma ya halarci Shirye-shiryen Kwalejin St. Ignatius inda ya yi rubuce-rubuce a fannin ƙwallon ƙafa, tsere da filin wasa, ƙwallon ƙafa da kuma wasan baseball. Ya kasance ɗan wasa mai matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji kuma ya kuduri aniyar buga ƙwallon ƙafa a Colorado a matsayin mai karɓar ƙwallon ƙafa mai faɗi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Harrison, St. Ignatius College Preparatory, Tight End |url=https://247sports.com/Player/michael-harrison-46144219/high-school-302444/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=247sports.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Praveen |first=Nagma |title=Who Is Colorado Buffaloes Tight End Michael Harrison? |url=https://sportsmanor.com/nfl-who-is-colorado-buffaloes-tight-end-michael-harrison/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=Sportsmanor}}</ref> == Ayyukan kwaleji == === Colorado === Harrison bai yi wasa ba a lokacin kakar wasa ta farko a shekarar 2020. A cikin 2021 ya buga dukkan wasanni 12 kuma ya gama kakar wasa tare da maki hudu na musamman tare da knockdown uku ko springing blocks a kan dawowar kickoff.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Harrison |url=https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/michael-harrison/16370 |website=[[Colorado Buffaloes]]}}</ref> A cikin 2022, Harrison ya buga dukkan wasanni 12, galibi a kan kungiyoyi na musamman, kuma ya gama kakar wasa tare da maki bakwai na kungiyoyi na Musamman tare da tilasta kamawa daya da kuma buga kwallo biyar a kan dawowar kiɗa tare da liyafa biyu don yadudduka 12.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael Harrison 2022 Gamelog |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/michael-harrison-2/gamelog/2022/ |access-date=October 4, 2023 |website=[[Sports Reference]]}}</ref> A cikin 2023, Harrison ya sauya daga mai karɓa mai faɗi zuwa ƙarshen ƙarshe kuma ya sami wuri na ƙarshe na farawa don kakar 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Tyler |title=CU Buffs walk-on Michael Harrison has quickly gone from reserve wide receiver to starting tight end |url=https://denvergazette.com/sports/cu-buffs/cu-buffs-walk-on-michael-harrison-has-quickly-gone-from-reserve-wide-receiver-to-starting/article_87dd8a1a-3d41-11ee-8ecd-e3f2a204db55.html |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=Denver Gazette}}</ref> A cikin mako na 3 a kan Jihar Colorado, ya yi kamawa bakwai don yadudduka 76 da kuma touchdowns biyu, gami da jujjuyawar maki biyu don aika wasan zuwa karin lokaci.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sarles |first=Jesse |title=Deion Sanders: Walk-on tight end Michael Harrison "didn't flinch" during Colorado roster overhaul |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/colorado/news/michael-harrison-tight-end-colorado-buffaloes-coach-deion-sanders-touchdowns-walk-on/ |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=CBS News}}</ref> A ranar 4 ga Disamba, 2023, Harrison ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai shiga tashar canja wurin.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kazmierczak |first=Anthony |date=December 4, 2023 |title=Colorado's Michael Harrison enters transfer portal |url=https://www.si.com/college/colorado/football/colorados-michael-harrison-enters-transfer-portal |access-date=December 6, 2023 |website=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> === Jihar San Diego === A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2023, Harrison ya ba da sanarwar cewa zai koma Jihar San Diego.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nakos |first=Pete |date=December 18, 2023 |title=Colorado transfer TE Michael Harrison commits to San Diego State |url=https://www.on3.com/transfer-portal/news/michael-harrison-colorado-buffaloes-san-diego-state-transfer-portal-commitment-sean-lewis/ |access-date=December 18, 2023 |website=On3.com}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" |Shekara ! rowspan="2" |Kungiyar ! colspan="2" |Wasanni ! colspan="4" |Karɓar |- !GP !GS !Rec !Yards !Avg !TD |- !2020 !Colorado | colspan="8" |''Redshirt[[Fayil:Redshirt.svg|15x15px|Redshirt]]'' |- !2021 !Colorado |12 |0 |0 |0 |0.0 |0 |- !2022 !Colorado |12 |0 |2 |12 |6.0 |0 |- !2023 !Colorado |12 |4 |31 |284 |9.2 |5 |- !2024 !Jihar San Diego |12 |4 |18 |150 |8.3 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |[https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/michael-harrison-2.html Ayyuka] !48 !8 !51 !446 !8.7 !5 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * [https://cubuffs.com/sports/football/roster/michael-harrison/16370 Rayuwa ta Colorado Buffaloes] * [https://goaztecs.com/sports/football/roster/player/michael-harrison San Diego Jihar Aztecs bio] [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] n2p2kw8aseu5zf82b4wnmvlz9ragrsc 0 161875 884933 2026-07-19T15:08:46Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312616996|Peaking power plant]]" 884933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:PSEG_Kearny_Peak_across_Hacky_jeh.jpg|thumb|Kearny Generating Station, tsohuwar tashar wutar lantarki mai amfani da kwal, yanzu mai amfani da gas, a kan Kogin Hackensack a New Jersey]] '''Tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi''', waɗanda aka fi sani da tsire-tsalle masu ƙarfi, kuma a wasu lokuta kawai "masu ƙarfi", tsire-shuke ne na wutar lantarki waɗanda galibi ke gudana ne kawai lokacin da akwai babban buƙata, wanda aka sani da buƙata mafi girma, don wutar lantarki. Saboda suna ba da wutar lantarki ne kawai a wasu lokuta, wutar da aka bayar tana ba da umarni mafi girma a kowace kilowatt awa fiye da ƙarfin [[Nauyin kaya|nauyin tushe]]. Ana aikawa tashoshin wutar lantarki na sama a hade tare da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke samar da wutar wutar lantarki mai dogaro da daidaituwa, don biyan mafi ƙarancin buƙata.<ref name="t160">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Peaker Plants |url=https://www.siemens-energy.com/us/en/home/products-services/product/peaker-plants.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Siemens Energy – A global leader in energy technology}}</ref> Kodayake ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi a tarihi akai-akai tare da tsire'o'in baseload na kwal, yanzu ana amfani da shuke-shuke masu yawa. Tsire-tsire masu amfani da iskar gas suna da zagaye biyu ko fiye, na farko wanda yayi kama da tsire-tsalle mai girma, tare da na biyu yana gudana akan zafin sharar na farko. Irin wannan shuka sau da yawa yana iya farawa da sauri, duk da cewa a rage inganci, sannan a cikin wasu sa'o'i yana canzawa zuwa yanayin ƙarni mafi inganci. Tsire-tsire masu haɗuwa suna da irin wannan farashin kuɗi a kowace watt zuwa tsire-tsires masu tasowa, amma suna gudana na dogon lokaci, kuma suna amfani da ƙananan man fetur gaba ɗaya, sabili da haka suna ba da wutar lantarki mai rahusa. Ya zuwa 2020, turbines na iskar gas suna ba da farashin wutar lantarki kusan $ 151-198/MWh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Levelized Cost of Energy and of Storage |url=https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-and-levelized-cost-of-storage-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220121649/https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-and-levelized-cost-of-storage-2020/ |archive-date=2021-02-20 |access-date=2021-01-05}}</ref> An maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu tsayi tare da ajiyar batir a wasu wurare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Andy |date=2022-04-22 |title=Drive to rehabilitate New York City fossil fuel peaker plant sites with battery storage |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/drive-to-rehabilitate-new-york-city-fossil-fuel-peaker-plant-sites-with-battery-storage/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Energy Storage News |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta New York (NYPA) tana neman maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu tsayi na gas tare da ajiyar batir, <ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Smart Energy |date=2022-04-28 |title=NYPA seeks to replace gas peaker plants with battery storage |url=https://www.smart-energy.com/storage/nypa-seeks-to-replace-gas-peaker-plants-with-battery-storage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428162122/https://www.smart-energy.com/storage/nypa-seeks-to-replace-gas-peaker-plants-with-battery-storage/ |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Smart Energy International |language=en-ZA}}</ref> 142 Tesla Megapaks (bayar da 100 MW) sun maye gurbin tashar gas mai tsayi a Ventura County, California <ref>{{Cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Andy |date=2022-04-22 |title=Drive to rehabilitate New York City fossil fuel peaker plant sites with battery storage |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/drive-to-rehabilitate-new-york-city-fossil-fuel-peaker-plant-sites-with-battery-storage/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Energy Storage News |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma a Lessines, Belgium 40 Tesla Megapack (50 MW) sun dochie janareta turbojet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=2021-06-30 |title=142 Tesla Megapacks power on to create giant new battery, replacing gas peaker plant in California |url=https://electrek.co/2021/06/30/tesla-megapacks-power-on-battery-replacing-gas-peaker-plant-california/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=142 Tesla Megapacks Replace Fossil Fuel-Powered Peaker Plant in California, Shows Company Video |url=https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/142-tesla-megapacks-replace-fossil-fuel-powered-peaker-plant-in-california-shows-companys-video |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=TESMANIAN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=2022-12-10 |title=Tesla unveils new biggest Megapack project in Europe |url=https://electrek.co/2022/12/10/tesla-unveils-biggest-megapack-project-in-europe/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar Tsabtace Makamashi ta Ostiraliya ta gano a watan Afrilun 2021 cewa ajiyar batir na iya zama 30% mai rahusa fiye da tsire-tsire masu tsayi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Andy |date=2021-04-12 |title=Battery storage 30% cheaper than new gas peaker plants, Australian study finds |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/battery-storage-30-cheaper-than-new-gas-peaker-plants-australian-study-finds/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Energy Storage News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sa'o'i masu yawa == Lokacin kololuwa yawanci yakan faru ne da safe ko da yamma/dare ya danganta da wurin da ake. A yanayin zafi, lokutan kololuwa galibi suna faruwa ne lokacin da ake amfani da kayan gida sosai da yamma bayan lokutan aiki. A yanayin zafi, yawanci yakan faru ne da yamma lokacin da kayan sanyaya iska suka yi yawa, a wannan lokacin wurare da yawa suna buɗe kuma suna cinye wutar lantarki. A yanayin sanyi, kololuwa yana faruwa ne da safe lokacin da dumama sararin samaniya da masana'antu ke farawa. Tsire-tsire mafi girma na iya aiki da sa'o'i da yawa a rana, ko kuma yana iya aiki ne kawai da 'yan sa'o-i a kowace shekara, dangane da yanayin wutar lantarki na yankin. Saboda farashin gina ingantaccen tashar wutar lantarki, idan za a gudanar da tashar mafi ƙanƙanta na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko mai sauyawa sosai, ba shi da ma'anar tattalin arziki don yin shi da inganci kamar tashar wutar wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, kayan aiki da man fetur da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire masu nauyin tushe galibi ba su dace da amfani a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi ba saboda yanayin canji zai lalata kayan aiki sosai. Saboda wadannan dalilai, [[Makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]], [[Samar da makamashi ta hanyar shara|sharar gida zuwa makamashi]], kwal da [[Biofuel|biomass]] ba su da yawa, idan sun kasance, ana aiki a matsayin tsire-tsire masu yawa. [[Fayil:Tagesgang_engl.png|right|thumb|Samar da wutar lantarki a Jamus a rana daya a shekara ta 2005, ba tare da hasken rana da wutar lantarki ba]] == Makamashi mai sabuntawa == Yayinda kasashe ke nisanta daga tsire-tsire masu amfani da man fetur da kuma zuwa ga hanyoyin samar da makamashi masu sabuntawa amma masu saurin amfani da su kamar iska da hasken rana, akwai karuwar da ta dace da buƙatar tsarin adana makamashi, a matsayin hanyoyin sabuntawa don gina ƙarin ƙaruwa ko nauyin bin tsire-shuke na wutar lantarki. Wani zaɓi shine rarrabawar samar da damar, ta hanyar amfani da grid interties, kamar WECC Intertie Paths. == Nau'o'in == Masana'antar Peaker galibi injinan turbine na gas ne ko injunan iskar gas waɗanda ke ƙona iskar gas. Wasu daga cikinsu suna ƙone iskar gas ko ruwa daga man fetur, kamar man dizal da man fetur na jet, amma galibi sun fi tsada fiye da iskar gas, don haka amfaninsu ya takaita ne ga yankunan da ba a samar da iskar gas ba. Baya ga iskar gas, masana'antun peaker da yawa suna iya amfani da man fetur a matsayin maido da mai, suna adana mai a cikin tankuna a wurin. Ingancin thermodynamic na tashoshin wutar lantarki na turbine na gas mai sauƙi yana tsakanin kashi 20 zuwa 42%, tare da tsakanin kashi 30 zuwa 42% matsakaici ne ga sabuwar masana'anta. Don ingantaccen aiki, an kara janareta na tururi (HRSG) a cikin fitarwa. Wannan an san shi da tsire-tsire masu haɗuwa. Cogeneration yana amfani da zafin fitarwa don tsari, dumama gundumar ko wasu amfani da dumama. Dukkanin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ana amfani da su ne kawai a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda aka nufa don aiki na dogon lokaci fiye da yadda aka saba. Ana amfani da janareto na iskar gas da dizal tare da injuna masu juyawa a wasu lokuta don tallafawa grid ta amfani da ƙananan tsire-tsire. Wani zaɓi don ƙara inganci da fitar da wutar lantarki a cikin turbines na gas shine shigar da tsarin sanyaya iska na turbine, wanda ke sanyaya yanayin zafi na iska wanda ke kara yawan kwararar taro. Wannan zaɓi, a hade tare da tankin ajiyar makamashi mai zafi, na iya ƙara fitar da wutar lantarki a cikin lokutan da suka fi girma har zuwa 30%. [[Fayil:Baltwg.png|thumb|BPA Babban nauyin yau da kullun tare da babban hydro / tushe na ƙarfin zafi da ƙarfin iska. Hydro tana sarrafa tsaunuka, tare da wasu martani daga zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BPA Balancing Authority Load and Total Wind Generation |url=https://transmission.bpa.gov/business/operations/wind/baltwg.aspx |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=transmission.bpa.gov}}</ref>]] Madatsun ruwa na lantarki suna da sauƙin canzawa da gangan. Suna iya samar da ƙarancin makamashi a lokacin da babu isasshen ruwa kuma suna amsawa da sauri ga buƙatun kololuwa, saboda haka wutar lantarki ta hydroelectric na iya aiki azaman mai bin kaya ko kuma injin da ke tashi sama da kuma isasshen ruwa, injin ɗaukar nauyi na tushe. Sau da yawa ana amfani da injinan iskar gas ko ajiyar famfo inda babu isasshen wutar lantarki don amsawa ga canje-canjen yau da kullun da na mako-mako a samarwa da amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=California drought leads to less hydropower, increased natural gas generation - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=18271 |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=www.eia.gov}}</ref> Ba sabon abu ba ne don a gina madatsar ruwa tare da ƙarin ƙarfin da za a iya kiyayewa ta hanyar samar da ruwa, yana ba da damar fitarwa mafi girma. Inganta kayan aiki a madatsun ruwa na yanzu na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ba su da tsada don ƙara ƙarni. Ikon bambanta adadin wutar lantarki da aka samar sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar abin da ake buƙata cewa mafi ƙarancin ko matsakaicin gudana a ƙasa sun gamsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NC DEQ: Instream Flow Unit |url=https://deq.nc.gov/instream-flow-unit |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=deq.nc.gov}}</ref> Hydroelectricity na ajiya shine mafi girman nau'in ajiyar wutar lantarki, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don matsakaicin buƙatun wutar lantarki. Shafin yana adana makamashi ta amfani da ƙarfin ruwa da aka adana a cikin tafki. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai tsada daga nauyin tushe ko tushen lokaci-lokaci don yin amfani da ruwa a ƙasa zuwa ajiya a cikin babban tafki. A lokacin babban bukatar lantarki, ana fitar da ruwan da aka adana ta hanyar turbines don samar da wutar lantarki. Lokaci na farawa shine kawai 'yan mintoci kaɗan, kuma wasu na iya farawa a cikin 'yan sakanni.<ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022|reason=The claim that start up times range from a few minutes to tens of seconds doesn't have a source, and I wasn't able to find one in the linked article.}}</ref> Ana amfani da Batir a wasu lokuta inda yanayin ya goyi bayansa don daidaita kwarara, guje wa inganta layin wutar lantarki mai tsada, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi <ref name="gupta2016">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Mitsubishi Electric Delivers High-capacity Energy-storage System to Kyushu Electric Power's Buzen Substation |url=http://www.eqmagpro.com/mitsubishi-electric-delivers-high-capacity-energy-storage-system-to-kyushu-electric-powers-buzen-substation/ |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=EQ Int'l Magazine |quote=The facility offers energy-storage capabilities similar to those of pumped hydro facilities while helping to improve the balance of supply and demand}}</ref> da sauran Ayyukan grid <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=23 January 2017 |title=Tesla quietly brings online its massive – biggest in the world – 80 MWh Powerpack station with Southern California Edison |url=https://electrek.co/2017/01/23/tesla-mira-loma-powerpack-station-southern-california-edison/ |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=Electrek |quote=capacity of 20 MW/80 MWh . the system will charge using electricity from the grid during off-peak hours, when demand is low, and then deliver electricity during peak hours}}</ref> kamar ajiyar aiki, wani lokacin a cikin tsari na matasan tare da turbines <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shallenberger |first=Krysti |date=30 November 2015 |title=5 battery energy storage projects to watch in 2016 |url=http://www.utilitydive.com/news/5-battery-energy-storage-projects-to-watch-in-2016/409624/ |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=Utility Dive |quote=manage demand during peak periods, provide reliable back-up power, and reduce their peak demand charges during the day. The project also aims to sell frequency regulation . The utility is leveraging multiple value streams}}</ref> ko injunan diesel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-18 |title=Inside GE and SoCal Edison's First-of-a-Kind Hybrid Peaker Plant With Batteries and Gas Turbines |url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/inside-ge-and-socal-edisons-battery-integrated-gas-fired-peaker-plants |access-date=19 April 2017 |quote=two hybrid electric gas turbine (EGT) units . Each peaker plant is in the 50-megawatt range, and is outfitted with a set of batteries capable of providing 10 megawatts and 4 megawatt-hours of power. the trick here is how you coordinate the control system, so from the grid operation standpoint, you see a black box that delivers power how they need it, when they need it}}</ref> Batir din shine mafi saurin amsawa daga dukkan wutar lantarki, kuma yana iya amsawa ga yanayin grid a lokutan millisecond, yana ba da kayan aiki masu saurin amsa damar amsawa ga katsewa. Adanawa da batir masu amfani ne, saboda ba su da tushen makamashi, kuma juyawa tsakanin wutar lantarki da ajiya da baya yana haifar da wasu asarar. An gabatar da tsire-tsire masu zafi na hasken rana a cikin 2017, a ƙarƙashin lambar yabo ta Ma'aikatar Fasahar Makamashi ta Amurka 2 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology to Market {{!}} Department of Energy |url=https://energy.gov/eere/solar/technology-market |access-date=2018-01-09 |website=energy.gov}}</ref> ga Hank Price na SolarDynamics, wanda takarda "Dispatchable Solar Power Plant" An yi shawarar amfani da ajiyar makamashin zafi da ke cikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, wanda ke ba da damar wannan nau'in hasken rana mai amfani da zafi ya samar da kamar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta iskar gas, don samar da wutar lantarki da ake buƙata dare ko rana, sannan a mayar da shi ƙarƙashin ikon kamfanin kuma a biya kuɗin wutar lantarki don samuwa lokacin da ake buƙata, kamar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta gargajiya ta peaker. Na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana tana samar da wutar lantarki a cikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta tururi kamar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta gargajiya amma ana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar dumama kayan aiki kamar gishirin da aka narke da adana wutar har sai an buƙata don yin tururi don samar da wutar lantarki. == Cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki == Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na tattalin arziki zai hada da tashoshin wutar lantarki. Wadannan raka'a masu samarwa za su jaddada ƙarancin farashin man fetur, amma suna iya amfani da babban saka hannun jari don inganta inganci. Misali, tsire-tsire masu tasowa na iya amfani da turbine na gas kawai, yayin da tsire-tire na tushe na iya ƙara "tsire-tsalle na ƙasa" don inganta yawan man fetur na tsire-shuke a kowane ɗayan wutar lantarki da aka samar. Tsire-tsire masu cin wuta na nukiliya da kwal suna aiki a kai a kai, suna tsayawa kawai don kulawa ko ɓarna ba zato ba tsammani.<ref>Donald G. Fink, H. Wayne Beaty, ''Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition'', McGraw Hill, 1978, {{ISBN|0-07-020974-X}}, "Generating Capacity Mix" page 12–18 </ref> Ƙarancin farashin mai na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na nukiliya idan aka kwatanta da babban farashin jari, ya sa ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da su don samar da kayan aiki na tushe. Ana iya amfani da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙuntatawa kan samar da ruwa don ɗaukar kayan aiki na tushe saboda farashin mai na ƙaruwa ba shi da yawa. Tunda tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta tururi na iya ɗaukar awanni kafin ta tashi daga lokacin sanyi zuwa cikakken ƙimar, ba a saba amfani da su don samar da sabis na ɗaukar kaya mafi girma ba.<ref>Donald G. Fink, H. Wayne Beaty, ''Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition'', McGraw Hill, 1978, {{ISBN|0-07-020974-X}}, "Generating Capacity Mix" page 12–18 </ref> Matsakaicin nauyin da ke bin tashoshin wutar lantarki kamar hydroelectric suna aiki tsakanin waɗannan matsanancin, suna rage fitar da su a daren da karshen mako lokacin da buƙata ba ta da yawa. Ana amfani da nauyin tushe da tsire-tsire na tsakiya don biyan buƙatun lantarki saboda ƙarancin ƙwarewar tsire-shuke masu tsayi ya sa su fi tsada don aiki.<ref name="Oglethorpe">{{Cite web |title=Peaking Plants |url=http://www.opc.com/PoweringGeorgia/TypesofPowerPlants/PeakingPlants/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101220232/http://www.opc.com/PoweringGeorgia/TypesofPowerPlants/PeakingPlants/index.htm |archive-date=2009-11-01 |access-date=2016-08-22 |publisher=Oglethorpe Power Corporation}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ikon geothermal * Jerin ayyukan adana makamashi * Gidan yanar gizo mai hankali * Mota zuwa grid * Turbine inlet iska sanyaya * Load bayan tashar wutar lantarki == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] g6eocydl5albesrd88bpgwn9x09xg1g 884934 884933 2026-07-19T15:09:13Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 884934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}<code>Computer code</code> [[Fayil:PSEG_Kearny_Peak_across_Hacky_jeh.jpg|thumb|Kearny Generating Station, tsohuwar tashar wutar lantarki mai amfani da kwal, yanzu mai amfani da gas, a kan Kogin Hackensack a New Jersey]] '''Tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi''', waɗanda aka fi sani da tsire-tsalle masu ƙarfi, kuma a wasu lokuta kawai "masu ƙarfi", tsire-shuke ne na wutar lantarki waɗanda galibi ke gudana ne kawai lokacin da akwai babban buƙata, wanda aka sani da buƙata mafi girma, don wutar lantarki. Saboda suna ba da wutar lantarki ne kawai a wasu lokuta, wutar da aka bayar tana ba da umarni mafi girma a kowace kilowatt awa fiye da ƙarfin [[Nauyin kaya|nauyin tushe]]. Ana aikawa tashoshin wutar lantarki na sama a hade tare da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke samar da wutar wutar lantarki mai dogaro da daidaituwa, don biyan mafi ƙarancin buƙata.<ref name="t160">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-11 |title=Peaker Plants |url=https://www.siemens-energy.com/us/en/home/products-services/product/peaker-plants.html |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=Siemens Energy – A global leader in energy technology}}</ref> Kodayake ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi a tarihi akai-akai tare da tsire'o'in baseload na kwal, yanzu ana amfani da shuke-shuke masu yawa. Tsire-tsire masu amfani da iskar gas suna da zagaye biyu ko fiye, na farko wanda yayi kama da tsire-tsalle mai girma, tare da na biyu yana gudana akan zafin sharar na farko. Irin wannan shuka sau da yawa yana iya farawa da sauri, duk da cewa a rage inganci, sannan a cikin wasu sa'o'i yana canzawa zuwa yanayin ƙarni mafi inganci. Tsire-tsire masu haɗuwa suna da irin wannan farashin kuɗi a kowace watt zuwa tsire-tsires masu tasowa, amma suna gudana na dogon lokaci, kuma suna amfani da ƙananan man fetur gaba ɗaya, sabili da haka suna ba da wutar lantarki mai rahusa. Ya zuwa 2020, turbines na iskar gas suna ba da farashin wutar lantarki kusan $ 151-198/MWh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Levelized Cost of Energy and of Storage |url=https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-and-levelized-cost-of-storage-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210220121649/https://www.lazard.com/perspective/levelized-cost-of-energy-and-levelized-cost-of-storage-2020/ |archive-date=2021-02-20 |access-date=2021-01-05}}</ref> An maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu tsayi tare da ajiyar batir a wasu wurare.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Andy |date=2022-04-22 |title=Drive to rehabilitate New York City fossil fuel peaker plant sites with battery storage |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/drive-to-rehabilitate-new-york-city-fossil-fuel-peaker-plant-sites-with-battery-storage/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Energy Storage News |language=en-US}}</ref> Hukumar Kula da Wutar Lantarki ta New York (NYPA) tana neman maye gurbin tsire-tsire masu tsayi na gas tare da ajiyar batir, <ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Smart Energy |date=2022-04-28 |title=NYPA seeks to replace gas peaker plants with battery storage |url=https://www.smart-energy.com/storage/nypa-seeks-to-replace-gas-peaker-plants-with-battery-storage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428162122/https://www.smart-energy.com/storage/nypa-seeks-to-replace-gas-peaker-plants-with-battery-storage/ |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Smart Energy International |language=en-ZA}}</ref> 142 Tesla Megapaks (bayar da 100 MW) sun maye gurbin tashar gas mai tsayi a Ventura County, California <ref>{{Cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Andy |date=2022-04-22 |title=Drive to rehabilitate New York City fossil fuel peaker plant sites with battery storage |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/drive-to-rehabilitate-new-york-city-fossil-fuel-peaker-plant-sites-with-battery-storage/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Energy Storage News |language=en-US}}</ref> kuma a Lessines, Belgium 40 Tesla Megapack (50 MW) sun dochie janareta turbojet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=2021-06-30 |title=142 Tesla Megapacks power on to create giant new battery, replacing gas peaker plant in California |url=https://electrek.co/2021/06/30/tesla-megapacks-power-on-battery-replacing-gas-peaker-plant-california/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=142 Tesla Megapacks Replace Fossil Fuel-Powered Peaker Plant in California, Shows Company Video |url=https://www.tesmanian.com/blogs/tesmanian-blog/142-tesla-megapacks-replace-fossil-fuel-powered-peaker-plant-in-california-shows-companys-video |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=TESMANIAN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=2022-12-10 |title=Tesla unveils new biggest Megapack project in Europe |url=https://electrek.co/2022/12/10/tesla-unveils-biggest-megapack-project-in-europe/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Electrek |language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar Tsabtace Makamashi ta Ostiraliya ta gano a watan Afrilun 2021 cewa ajiyar batir na iya zama 30% mai rahusa fiye da tsire-tsire masu tsayi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Colthorpe |first=Andy |date=2021-04-12 |title=Battery storage 30% cheaper than new gas peaker plants, Australian study finds |url=https://www.energy-storage.news/battery-storage-30-cheaper-than-new-gas-peaker-plants-australian-study-finds/ |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Energy Storage News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Sa'o'i masu yawa == Lokacin kololuwa yawanci yakan faru ne da safe ko da yamma/dare ya danganta da wurin da ake. A yanayin zafi, lokutan kololuwa galibi suna faruwa ne lokacin da ake amfani da kayan gida sosai da yamma bayan lokutan aiki. A yanayin zafi, yawanci yakan faru ne da yamma lokacin da kayan sanyaya iska suka yi yawa, a wannan lokacin wurare da yawa suna buɗe kuma suna cinye wutar lantarki. A yanayin sanyi, kololuwa yana faruwa ne da safe lokacin da dumama sararin samaniya da masana'antu ke farawa. Tsire-tsire mafi girma na iya aiki da sa'o'i da yawa a rana, ko kuma yana iya aiki ne kawai da 'yan sa'o-i a kowace shekara, dangane da yanayin wutar lantarki na yankin. Saboda farashin gina ingantaccen tashar wutar lantarki, idan za a gudanar da tashar mafi ƙanƙanta na ɗan gajeren lokaci ko mai sauyawa sosai, ba shi da ma'anar tattalin arziki don yin shi da inganci kamar tashar wutar wutar lantarki. Bugu da kari, kayan aiki da man fetur da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire masu nauyin tushe galibi ba su dace da amfani a cikin tsirrai masu tsayi ba saboda yanayin canji zai lalata kayan aiki sosai. Saboda wadannan dalilai, [[Makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]], [[Samar da makamashi ta hanyar shara|sharar gida zuwa makamashi]], kwal da [[Biofuel|biomass]] ba su da yawa, idan sun kasance, ana aiki a matsayin tsire-tsire masu yawa. [[Fayil:Tagesgang_engl.png|right|thumb|Samar da wutar lantarki a Jamus a rana daya a shekara ta 2005, ba tare da hasken rana da wutar lantarki ba]] == Makamashi mai sabuntawa == Yayinda kasashe ke nisanta daga tsire-tsire masu amfani da man fetur da kuma zuwa ga hanyoyin samar da makamashi masu sabuntawa amma masu saurin amfani da su kamar iska da hasken rana, akwai karuwar da ta dace da buƙatar tsarin adana makamashi, a matsayin hanyoyin sabuntawa don gina ƙarin ƙaruwa ko nauyin bin tsire-shuke na wutar lantarki. Wani zaɓi shine rarrabawar samar da damar, ta hanyar amfani da grid interties, kamar WECC Intertie Paths. == Nau'o'in == Masana'antar Peaker galibi injinan turbine na gas ne ko injunan iskar gas waɗanda ke ƙona iskar gas. Wasu daga cikinsu suna ƙone iskar gas ko ruwa daga man fetur, kamar man dizal da man fetur na jet, amma galibi sun fi tsada fiye da iskar gas, don haka amfaninsu ya takaita ne ga yankunan da ba a samar da iskar gas ba. Baya ga iskar gas, masana'antun peaker da yawa suna iya amfani da man fetur a matsayin maido da mai, suna adana mai a cikin tankuna a wurin. Ingancin thermodynamic na tashoshin wutar lantarki na turbine na gas mai sauƙi yana tsakanin kashi 20 zuwa 42%, tare da tsakanin kashi 30 zuwa 42% matsakaici ne ga sabuwar masana'anta. Don ingantaccen aiki, an kara janareta na tururi (HRSG) a cikin fitarwa. Wannan an san shi da tsire-tsire masu haɗuwa. Cogeneration yana amfani da zafin fitarwa don tsari, dumama gundumar ko wasu amfani da dumama. Dukkanin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka ana amfani da su ne kawai a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda aka nufa don aiki na dogon lokaci fiye da yadda aka saba. Ana amfani da janareto na iskar gas da dizal tare da injuna masu juyawa a wasu lokuta don tallafawa grid ta amfani da ƙananan tsire-tsire. Wani zaɓi don ƙara inganci da fitar da wutar lantarki a cikin turbines na gas shine shigar da tsarin sanyaya iska na turbine, wanda ke sanyaya yanayin zafi na iska wanda ke kara yawan kwararar taro. Wannan zaɓi, a hade tare da tankin ajiyar makamashi mai zafi, na iya ƙara fitar da wutar lantarki a cikin lokutan da suka fi girma har zuwa 30%. [[Fayil:Baltwg.png|thumb|BPA Babban nauyin yau da kullun tare da babban hydro / tushe na ƙarfin zafi da ƙarfin iska. Hydro tana sarrafa tsaunuka, tare da wasu martani daga zafi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BPA Balancing Authority Load and Total Wind Generation |url=https://transmission.bpa.gov/business/operations/wind/baltwg.aspx |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=transmission.bpa.gov}}</ref>]] Madatsun ruwa na lantarki suna da sauƙin canzawa da gangan. Suna iya samar da ƙarancin makamashi a lokacin da babu isasshen ruwa kuma suna amsawa da sauri ga buƙatun kololuwa, saboda haka wutar lantarki ta hydroelectric na iya aiki azaman mai bin kaya ko kuma injin da ke tashi sama da kuma isasshen ruwa, injin ɗaukar nauyi na tushe. Sau da yawa ana amfani da injinan iskar gas ko ajiyar famfo inda babu isasshen wutar lantarki don amsawa ga canje-canjen yau da kullun da na mako-mako a samarwa da amfani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=California drought leads to less hydropower, increased natural gas generation - Today in Energy - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=18271 |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=www.eia.gov}}</ref> Ba sabon abu ba ne don a gina madatsar ruwa tare da ƙarin ƙarfin da za a iya kiyayewa ta hanyar samar da ruwa, yana ba da damar fitarwa mafi girma. Inganta kayan aiki a madatsun ruwa na yanzu na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ba su da tsada don ƙara ƙarni. Ikon bambanta adadin wutar lantarki da aka samar sau da yawa yana iyakance ta hanyar abin da ake buƙata cewa mafi ƙarancin ko matsakaicin gudana a ƙasa sun gamsu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NC DEQ: Instream Flow Unit |url=https://deq.nc.gov/instream-flow-unit |access-date=16 November 2019 |website=deq.nc.gov}}</ref> Hydroelectricity na ajiya shine mafi girman nau'in ajiyar wutar lantarki, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don matsakaicin buƙatun wutar lantarki. Shafin yana adana makamashi ta amfani da ƙarfin ruwa da aka adana a cikin tafki. Ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai tsada daga nauyin tushe ko tushen lokaci-lokaci don yin amfani da ruwa a ƙasa zuwa ajiya a cikin babban tafki. A lokacin babban bukatar lantarki, ana fitar da ruwan da aka adana ta hanyar turbines don samar da wutar lantarki. Lokaci na farawa shine kawai 'yan mintoci kaɗan, kuma wasu na iya farawa a cikin 'yan sakanni.<ref>{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=September 2022|reason=The claim that start up times range from a few minutes to tens of seconds doesn't have a source, and I wasn't able to find one in the linked article.}}</ref> Ana amfani da Batir a wasu lokuta inda yanayin ya goyi bayansa don daidaita kwarara, guje wa inganta layin wutar lantarki mai tsada, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi <ref name="gupta2016">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Mitsubishi Electric Delivers High-capacity Energy-storage System to Kyushu Electric Power's Buzen Substation |url=http://www.eqmagpro.com/mitsubishi-electric-delivers-high-capacity-energy-storage-system-to-kyushu-electric-powers-buzen-substation/ |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=EQ Int'l Magazine |quote=The facility offers energy-storage capabilities similar to those of pumped hydro facilities while helping to improve the balance of supply and demand}}</ref> da sauran Ayyukan grid <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lambert |first=Fred |date=23 January 2017 |title=Tesla quietly brings online its massive – biggest in the world – 80 MWh Powerpack station with Southern California Edison |url=https://electrek.co/2017/01/23/tesla-mira-loma-powerpack-station-southern-california-edison/ |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=Electrek |quote=capacity of 20 MW/80 MWh . the system will charge using electricity from the grid during off-peak hours, when demand is low, and then deliver electricity during peak hours}}</ref> kamar ajiyar aiki, wani lokacin a cikin tsari na matasan tare da turbines <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shallenberger |first=Krysti |date=30 November 2015 |title=5 battery energy storage projects to watch in 2016 |url=http://www.utilitydive.com/news/5-battery-energy-storage-projects-to-watch-in-2016/409624/ |access-date=24 January 2017 |website=Utility Dive |quote=manage demand during peak periods, provide reliable back-up power, and reduce their peak demand charges during the day. The project also aims to sell frequency regulation . The utility is leveraging multiple value streams}}</ref> ko injunan diesel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-18 |title=Inside GE and SoCal Edison's First-of-a-Kind Hybrid Peaker Plant With Batteries and Gas Turbines |url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/inside-ge-and-socal-edisons-battery-integrated-gas-fired-peaker-plants |access-date=19 April 2017 |quote=two hybrid electric gas turbine (EGT) units . Each peaker plant is in the 50-megawatt range, and is outfitted with a set of batteries capable of providing 10 megawatts and 4 megawatt-hours of power. the trick here is how you coordinate the control system, so from the grid operation standpoint, you see a black box that delivers power how they need it, when they need it}}</ref> Batir din shine mafi saurin amsawa daga dukkan wutar lantarki, kuma yana iya amsawa ga yanayin grid a lokutan millisecond, yana ba da kayan aiki masu saurin amsa damar amsawa ga katsewa. Adanawa da batir masu amfani ne, saboda ba su da tushen makamashi, kuma juyawa tsakanin wutar lantarki da ajiya da baya yana haifar da wasu asarar. An gabatar da tsire-tsire masu zafi na hasken rana a cikin 2017, a ƙarƙashin lambar yabo ta Ma'aikatar Fasahar Makamashi ta Amurka 2 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology to Market {{!}} Department of Energy |url=https://energy.gov/eere/solar/technology-market |access-date=2018-01-09 |website=energy.gov}}</ref> ga Hank Price na SolarDynamics, wanda takarda "Dispatchable Solar Power Plant" An yi shawarar amfani da ajiyar makamashin zafi da ke cikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, wanda ke ba da damar wannan nau'in hasken rana mai amfani da zafi ya samar da kamar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta iskar gas, don samar da wutar lantarki da ake buƙata dare ko rana, sannan a mayar da shi ƙarƙashin ikon kamfanin kuma a biya kuɗin wutar lantarki don samuwa lokacin da ake buƙata, kamar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta gargajiya ta peaker. Na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana tana samar da wutar lantarki a cikin tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta tururi kamar na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta gargajiya amma ana samar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar dumama kayan aiki kamar gishirin da aka narke da adana wutar har sai an buƙata don yin tururi don samar da wutar lantarki. == Cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki == Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na tattalin arziki zai hada da tashoshin wutar lantarki. Wadannan raka'a masu samarwa za su jaddada ƙarancin farashin man fetur, amma suna iya amfani da babban saka hannun jari don inganta inganci. Misali, tsire-tsire masu tasowa na iya amfani da turbine na gas kawai, yayin da tsire-tire na tushe na iya ƙara "tsire-tsalle na ƙasa" don inganta yawan man fetur na tsire-shuke a kowane ɗayan wutar lantarki da aka samar. Tsire-tsire masu cin wuta na nukiliya da kwal suna aiki a kai a kai, suna tsayawa kawai don kulawa ko ɓarna ba zato ba tsammani.<ref>Donald G. Fink, H. Wayne Beaty, ''Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition'', McGraw Hill, 1978, {{ISBN|0-07-020974-X}}, "Generating Capacity Mix" page 12–18 </ref> Ƙarancin farashin mai na tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na nukiliya idan aka kwatanta da babban farashin jari, ya sa ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da su don samar da kayan aiki na tushe. Ana iya amfani da tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki na ruwa waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ƙuntatawa kan samar da ruwa don ɗaukar kayan aiki na tushe saboda farashin mai na ƙaruwa ba shi da yawa. Tunda tashar samar da wutar lantarki ta tururi na iya ɗaukar awanni kafin ta tashi daga lokacin sanyi zuwa cikakken ƙimar, ba a saba amfani da su don samar da sabis na ɗaukar kaya mafi girma ba.<ref>Donald G. Fink, H. Wayne Beaty, ''Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, Eleventh Edition'', McGraw Hill, 1978, {{ISBN|0-07-020974-X}}, "Generating Capacity Mix" page 12–18 </ref> Matsakaicin nauyin da ke bin tashoshin wutar lantarki kamar hydroelectric suna aiki tsakanin waɗannan matsanancin, suna rage fitar da su a daren da karshen mako lokacin da buƙata ba ta da yawa. Ana amfani da nauyin tushe da tsire-tsire na tsakiya don biyan buƙatun lantarki saboda ƙarancin ƙwarewar tsire-shuke masu tsayi ya sa su fi tsada don aiki.<ref name="Oglethorpe">{{Cite web |title=Peaking Plants |url=http://www.opc.com/PoweringGeorgia/TypesofPowerPlants/PeakingPlants/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101220232/http://www.opc.com/PoweringGeorgia/TypesofPowerPlants/PeakingPlants/index.htm |archive-date=2009-11-01 |access-date=2016-08-22 |publisher=Oglethorpe Power Corporation}}</ref> == Dubi kuma == * Ikon geothermal * Jerin ayyukan adana makamashi * Gidan yanar gizo mai hankali * Mota zuwa grid * Turbine inlet iska sanyaya * Load bayan tashar wutar lantarki == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] skes6sodyfnwo8mftbymiji2m7k2qv6 0 161876 884935 2026-07-19T15:41:50Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351695661|Haemadipsa]]" 884935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|image=Haemadipsa picta.jpg|taxon=Haemadipsa|authority=Tennent, 1859|subdivision=See text}} '''''Haemadipsa''''' nau'in tsutsotsi ne na leeches, tare da mambobi da aka fi sani da jaw land leeches. Waɗannan annelids an san su ne daga yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin zafi da na wurare masu zafi a kusa da Tekun Indiya da Pacific. Shahararrun Haemadipsa sune misali Indian Leech (Haemadipsa sylvestris) da yamabiru ko Japan Mountain Leech (Haemadipsa zeylanica). Membobin wannan nau'in suna cin jini. [ma'anar zagaye] Suna da matsala ga mutane da dabbobi musamman saboda cizon su yana haifar da zubar jini na dogon lokaci. .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical Definition of HAEMADIPSA |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/Haemadipsa |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> == Nau'o'in == Ya zuwa 2025, jinsin ''Haemadipsa'' ya hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Haemadipsa Tennent, 1859 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/4810276 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EOL">{{Cite web |last=Encyclopedia of Life |author-link=eol.org |title=Details for: ''Haemadipsa '' |url=http://eol.org/pages/3140025/ |access-date=2013-07-23 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Life]]}}</ref> # ''[[Haemadipsa crenata]]'' Ngamprasertwong, 2007 # ''[[Haemadipsa hainana]]'' (Song, Zhang da Tan, 1977) - Tsibirin Hainan, China # Haemadipsa ya katse Moore, 1935 - Thailand # ''[[Haemadipsa japonica]]'' Yang, 1996 # ''[[Haemadipsa limuna]]''  # ''[[Haemadipsa montana]]'' Moore, 1927 # ''[[Haemadipsa morsitans|Haemadipsa Morsitans]]'' Blanchard, 1917 # ''[[Haemadipsa ornata]]'' Moore, 1927 # ''Haemadipsa picta'' Moore, 1929 (Tiger leech) # ''Haemadipsa rjukjuana'' Oka, 1910 - Taiwan # ''[[Haemadipsa sumatrana]]'' Horst, 1883 - Borneo, Sumatra # ''Haemadipsa sylvestris'' Blanchard, 1894 - Indiya, Indochina, Malesia # ''[[Haemadipsa trimaculosa]]'' Ngamprasertwong, 2007 # ''[[Haemadipsa yanyuanensis]]'' Liu & Song, 1977 - Sichuan, Yunnan # ''[[Haemadipsa zeylanica]]'' (Moquin-Tandon, 1827) (Japanese mountain leech) - na iya ƙunsar ƙananan nau'o'i: ''''H.'' zeylanica japonica''. ''zeylanica cochiniana'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Haemadipsa zeylanica cochiniana {{!}} Smithsonian Institution |url=https://www.si.edu/object/haemadipsa-zeylanica-cochiniana:nmnhinvertebratezoology_726856 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.si.edu}}</ref><br /> ; An ƙaura zuwa wani wuri * ''Haemadipsa cavatuses'' Yang et al., 2009 yanzu yana cikin ''Sinospelaeobdella'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 03lxkfzo33itu7leesx4lv2u3l1upj9 884936 884935 2026-07-19T15:42:44Z Umar A Muhammad 22698 884936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Automatic taxobox|image=Haemadipsa picta.jpg|taxon=Haemadipsa|authority=Tennent, 1859|subdivision=See text}} '''''Haemadipsa''''' nau'in tsutsotsi ne na leeches, tare da mambobi da aka fi sani da jaw land leeches. Waɗannan annelids an san su ne daga yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin zafi da na wurare masu zafi a kusa da Tekun Indiya da Pacific. Shahararrun Haemadipsa sune misali Indian Leech (Haemadipsa sylvestris) da yamabiru ko Japan Mountain Leech (Haemadipsa zeylanica). Membobin wannan nau'in suna cin jini. [ma'anar zagaye] Suna da matsala ga mutane da dabbobi musamman saboda cizon su yana haifar da zubar jini na dogon lokaci. .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical Definition of HAEMADIPSA |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/Haemadipsa |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref> == Nau'o'in == Ya zuwa 2025, jinsin ''Haemadipsa'' ya hada da: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Haemadipsa Tennent, 1859 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/4810276 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EOL">{{Cite web |last=Encyclopedia of Life |author-link=eol.org |title=Details for: ''Haemadipsa '' |url=http://eol.org/pages/3140025/ |access-date=2013-07-23 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia of Life]]}}</ref> # ''[[Haemadipsa crenata]]'' Ngamprasertwong, 2007 # ''[[Haemadipsa hainana]]'' (Song, Zhang da Tan, 1977) - Tsibirin Hainan, China # Haemadipsa ya katse Moore, 1935 - Thailand # ''[[Haemadipsa japonica]]'' Yang, 1996 # ''[[Haemadipsa limuna]]''  # ''[[Haemadipsa montana]]'' Moore, 1927 # ''[[Haemadipsa morsitans|Haemadipsa Morsitans]]'' Blanchard, 1917 # ''[[Haemadipsa ornata]]'' Moore, 1927 # ''Haemadipsa picta'' Moore, 1929 (Tiger leech) # ''Haemadipsa rjukjuana'' Oka, 1910 - Taiwan # ''[[Haemadipsa sumatrana]]'' Horst, 1883 - Borneo, Sumatra # ''Haemadipsa sylvestris'' Blanchard, 1894 - Indiya, Indochina, Malesia # ''[[Haemadipsa trimaculosa]]'' Ngamprasertwong, 2007 # ''[[Haemadipsa yanyuanensis]]'' Liu & Song, 1977 - Sichuan, Yunnan # ''[[Haemadipsa zeylanica]]'' (Moquin-Tandon, 1827) (Japanese mountain leech) - na iya ƙunsar ƙananan nau'o'i: ''''H.'' zeylanica japonica''. ''zeylanica cochiniana'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Haemadipsa zeylanica cochiniana {{!}} Smithsonian Institution |url=https://www.si.edu/object/haemadipsa-zeylanica-cochiniana:nmnhinvertebratezoology_726856 |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=www.si.edu}}</ref><br /> ; An ƙaura zuwa wani wuri * ''Haemadipsa cavatuses'' Yang et al., 2009 yanzu yana cikin ''Sinospelaeobdella'' == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} fhr42pler6zlsebp5c6bgzijelnsdp0 0 161877 884937 2026-07-19T15:48:34Z Pretty Fulani 44366 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341896105|Going Mobile]]" 884937 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Going Mobile" waƙa ce da Pete Townshend ya rubuta kuma an fitar da ita ne daga Who a cikin kundi na biyar na Who's Next (1971). Da farko an rubuta shi ne don aikin Lifehouse da Townshend ya watsar, tare da kalmomin da ke murna da farin ciki na samun gidan tafi-da-gidanka da kuma iya tafiya a kan hanya. Mawallafin mawaƙa na Who Roger Daltrey bai shiga cikin rikodin waƙar ba, ya bar sauran ƙungiyar don yin rikodin shi a matsayin mai iko guda uku; Townshend yana kula da muryoyin jagora, katako, da masu haɗawa, tare da John Entwistle a kan bass guitar da Keith Moon a kan drum. Waƙar ta jawo hankalin sake dubawa daga masu sukar kiɗa. Wannan yana daya daga cikin waƙoƙi biyu kawai a kan Who's Next ba don nuna Daltrey ba. (Wani John Entwistle ya rubuta "Matata" shi ne ɗayan) == Kalmomin da kiɗa == "Going Mobile" yana daya daga cikin lokutan haske a kan Who's Next . <ref name="allmusic" /> Da farko an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Lifehouse da aka watsar da Townshend.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Maginnis, T. |title=Going Mobile |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Townshend ya bayyana amfani da waƙar a cikin aikin da aka gabatar kamar haka: "Yayin da labarin ya bayyana, saboda rashin daidaituwa na duniyar zamani, saboda gurɓataccen da ke haifar da bukatar mutane suyi tafiya, su kasance a wani wuri. (Mutane) an gaya musu, 'Ba za ku iya yin hakan ba. Dole ne ku zauna inda kake.' Amma mutane sun sami wannan sha'awar rayuwa, da kasada, kuma ɗan launi. <ref name="allmusic" /> Yana murna da farin ciki na samun gidan hannu kuma ya sami damar yin tafiya a kan manyan hanyoyi a Townsh<ref name="numbers" /> Misali na taken an kwatanta shi da irin waɗannan kalmomin kamar: <ref name="allmusic" />   " An yi rikodin Going Mobile" ba tare da mawaƙin da ya fi kowa ba Roger Daltrey. Maimakon haka, mawaƙin guitar da mawaƙi Townshend sun sarrafa muryoyin da ke cikin waƙar. Kayan kida sun haɗa da guitar acoustic, guitar bass da ganguna. An kuma yi wa wani ɓangare na waƙar lakabi da VCS 3 synthesizer. Bugu da ƙari, a kan guitar ɗinsa, Townshend yana buga kayan kida ta hanyar mai bin ambulaf, wani fasali na ARP synthesizer wanda ke samar da abin da Townshend ya bayyana a matsayin "sautin wah-wah mai ban sha'awa". Marubuci Chris Charlesworth ya bayyana tasirin kamar Townshend yana buga waƙa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Mai sukar Allmusic Tom Maginnis ya bayyana bass na Entwistle da ke bugawa a kan waƙar a matsayin "mai matuƙar ruwa" da kuma gangunan Moon a matsayin "mai daɗi". <ref name="allmusic" /> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == John Mendelsohn na Rolling Stone ya bayyana waƙar a matsayin "mai hankali", ya kara da cewa "yana murna da farin ciki na, ho hum, kasancewa da 'yanci don yawo a kan manyan hanyoyi da kuma ta hanyar a cikin motar mutum". Koyaya, a cikin The Rolling Stone Record Guide, John Swenson ya bayyana "Going Mobile" a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Waƙoƙin da suka fi kyau a Townshend".<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dave Marsh}}</ref> Allmusic's Tom Maginnis ya bayyana cewa "Going Mobile" "yana nuna babbar makamashi na ƙungiyar ba tare da goyon bayan ƙarfin guitar ba".<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Maginnis, T. |title=Going Mobile |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMaginnis,_T.">Maginnis, T. [http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 "Going Mobile"]. ''[[Allmusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> Charlesworth ya bayyana cewa "Going Mobile" "ba shi da girman" na wasu waƙoƙin Who's Next, amma duk da haka ya dauke shi "mai basira da mai cancanta". == Sauran bayyanar == Townshend ya haɗa da wani nau'i na "Going Mobile" a cikin kundin sa na solo The Lifehouse Chronicles . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurek, T. |title=The Lifehouse Chronicles |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/scoop-r20359 |access-date=2011-11-30 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> A cikin 2011, Simon Townshend ya yi waƙar tare da ƙungiyar Roger Daltrey ta No Plan B a kan yawon shakatawa na "Tommy Reborn". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] rj8kezcmhhcbj2vbrmwc1xc57mjxnaz 884938 884937 2026-07-19T15:49:04Z Pretty Fulani 44366 Gyara 884938 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Going Mobile" waƙa ce da Pete Townshend ya rubuta kuma an fitar da ita ne daga Who a cikin kundi na biyar na Who's Next (1971). Da farko an rubuta shi ne don aikin Lifehouse da Townshend ya watsar, tare da kalmomin da ke murna da farin ciki na samun gidan tafi-da-gidanka da kuma iya tafiya a kan hanya. Mawallafin mawaƙa na Who Roger Daltrey bai shiga cikin rikodin waƙar ba, ya bar sauran ƙungiyar don yin rikodin shi a matsayin mai iko guda uku; Townshend yana kula da muryoyin jagora, katako, da masu haɗawa, tare da John Entwistle a kan bass guitar da Keith Moon a kan drum. Waƙar ta jawo hankalin sake dubawa daga masu sukar kiɗa. Wannan yana daya daga cikin waƙoƙi biyu kawai a kan Who's Next ba don nuna Daltrey ba. (Wani John Entwistle ya rubuta "Matata" shi ne ɗayan) == Kalmomin da kiɗa == "Going Mobile" yana daya daga cikin lokutan haske a kan Who's Next . <ref name="allmusic" /> Da farko an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Lifehouse da aka watsar da Townshend.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Maginnis, T. |title=Going Mobile |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Townshend ya bayyana amfani da waƙar a cikin aikin da aka gabatar kamar haka: "Yayin da labarin ya bayyana, saboda rashin daidaituwa na duniyar zamani, saboda gurɓataccen da ke haifar da bukatar mutane suyi tafiya, su kasance a wani wuri. (Mutane) an gaya musu, 'Ba za ku iya yin hakan ba. Dole ne ku zauna inda kake.' Amma mutane sun sami wannan sha'awar rayuwa, da kasada, kuma ɗan launi. <ref name="allmusic" /> Yana murna da farin ciki na samun gidan hannu kuma ya sami damar yin tafiya a kan manyan hanyoyi a Townsh<ref name="numbers" /> Misali na taken an kwatanta shi da irin waɗannan kalmomin kamar: <ref name="allmusic" />   " An yi rikodin Going Mobile" ba tare da mawaƙin da ya fi kowa ba Roger Daltrey. Maimakon haka, mawaƙin guitar da mawaƙi Townshend sun sarrafa muryoyin da ke cikin waƙar. Kayan kida sun haɗa da guitar acoustic, guitar bass da ganguna. An kuma yi wa wani ɓangare na waƙar lakabi da VCS 3 synthesizer. Bugu da ƙari, a kan guitar ɗinsa, Townshend yana buga kayan kida ta hanyar mai bin ambulaf, wani fasali na ARP synthesizer wanda ke samar da abin da Townshend ya bayyana a matsayin "sautin wah-wah mai ban sha'awa". Marubuci Chris Charlesworth ya bayyana tasirin kamar Townshend yana buga waƙa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Mai sukar Allmusic Tom Maginnis ya bayyana bass na Entwistle da ke bugawa a kan waƙar a matsayin "mai matuƙar ruwa" da kuma gangunan Moon a matsayin "mai daɗi". <ref name="allmusic" /> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == John Mendelsohn na Rolling Stone ya bayyana waƙar a matsayin "mai hankali", ya kara da cewa "yana murna da farin ciki na, ho hum, kasancewa da 'yanci don yawo a kan manyan hanyoyi da kuma ta hanyar a cikin motar mutum". Koyaya, a cikin The Rolling Stone Record Guide, John Swenson ya bayyana "Going Mobile" a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Waƙoƙin da suka fi kyau a Townshend".<ref>6</ref> Allmusic's Tom Maginnis ya bayyana cewa "Going Mobile" "yana nuna babbar makamashi na ƙungiyar ba tare da goyon bayan ƙarfin guitar ba".<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Maginnis, T. |title=Going Mobile |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMaginnis,_T.">Maginnis, T. [http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 "Going Mobile"]. ''[[Allmusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> Charlesworth ya bayyana cewa "Going Mobile" "ba shi da girman" na wasu waƙoƙin Who's Next, amma duk da haka ya dauke shi "mai basira da mai cancanta". == Sauran bayyanar == Townshend ya haɗa da wani nau'i na "Going Mobile" a cikin kundin sa na solo The Lifehouse Chronicles . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurek, T. |title=The Lifehouse Chronicles |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/scoop-r20359 |access-date=2011-11-30 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> A cikin 2011, Simon Townshend ya yi waƙar tare da ƙungiyar Roger Daltrey ta No Plan B a kan yawon shakatawa na "Tommy Reborn". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] efd94y229u9rpph5lun2pzbbil7e8m4 884939 884938 2026-07-19T15:49:41Z Pretty Fulani 44366 884939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>"Going Mobile" waƙa ce da Pete Townshend ya rubuta kuma an fitar da ita ne daga Who a cikin kundi na biyar na Who's Next (1971). Da farko an rubuta shi ne don aikin Lifehouse da Townshend ya watsar, tare da kalmomin da ke murna da farin ciki na samun gidan tafi-da-gidanka da kuma iya tafiya a kan hanya. Mawallafin mawaƙa na Who Roger Daltrey bai shiga cikin rikodin waƙar ba, ya bar sauran ƙungiyar don yin rikodin shi a matsayin mai iko guda uku; Townshend yana kula da muryoyin jagora, katako, da masu haɗawa, tare da John Entwistle a kan bass guitar da Keith Moon a kan drum. Waƙar ta jawo hankalin sake dubawa daga masu sukar kiɗa. Wannan yana daya daga cikin waƙoƙi biyu kawai a kan Who's Next ba don nuna Daltrey ba. (Wani John Entwistle ya rubuta "Matata" shi ne ɗayan) == Kalmomin da kiɗa == "Going Mobile" yana daya daga cikin lokutan haske a kan Who's Next . <ref name="allmusic" /> Da farko an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin Lifehouse da aka watsar da Townshend.<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Maginnis, T. |title=Going Mobile |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> Townshend ya bayyana amfani da waƙar a cikin aikin da aka gabatar kamar haka: "Yayin da labarin ya bayyana, saboda rashin daidaituwa na duniyar zamani, saboda gurɓataccen da ke haifar da bukatar mutane suyi tafiya, su kasance a wani wuri. (Mutane) an gaya musu, 'Ba za ku iya yin hakan ba. Dole ne ku zauna inda kake.' Amma mutane sun sami wannan sha'awar rayuwa, da kasada, kuma ɗan launi. <ref name="allmusic" /> Yana murna da farin ciki na samun gidan hannu kuma ya sami damar yin tafiya a kan manyan hanyoyi a Townsh<ref name="numbers" /> Misali na taken an kwatanta shi da irin waɗannan kalmomin kamar: <ref name="allmusic" />   " An yi rikodin Going Mobile" ba tare da mawaƙin da ya fi kowa ba Roger Daltrey. Maimakon haka, mawaƙin guitar da mawaƙi Townshend sun sarrafa muryoyin da ke cikin waƙar. Kayan kida sun haɗa da guitar acoustic, guitar bass da ganguna. An kuma yi wa wani ɓangare na waƙar lakabi da VCS 3 synthesizer. Bugu da ƙari, a kan guitar ɗinsa, Townshend yana buga kayan kida ta hanyar mai bin ambulaf, wani fasali na ARP synthesizer wanda ke samar da abin da Townshend ya bayyana a matsayin "sautin wah-wah mai ban sha'awa". Marubuci Chris Charlesworth ya bayyana tasirin kamar Townshend yana buga waƙa a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Mai sukar Allmusic Tom Maginnis ya bayyana bass na Entwistle da ke bugawa a kan waƙar a matsayin "mai matuƙar ruwa" da kuma gangunan Moon a matsayin "mai daɗi". <ref name="allmusic" /> == Karɓar karɓa mai mahimmanci == John Mendelsohn na Rolling Stone ya bayyana waƙar a matsayin "mai hankali", ya kara da cewa "yana murna da farin ciki na, ho hum, kasancewa da 'yanci don yawo a kan manyan hanyoyi da kuma ta hanyar a cikin motar mutum". Koyaya, a cikin The Rolling Stone Record Guide, John Swenson ya bayyana "Going Mobile" a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin "Waƙoƙin da suka fi kyau a Townshend".<ref>6</ref> Allmusic's Tom Maginnis ya bayyana cewa "Going Mobile" "yana nuna babbar makamashi na ƙungiyar ba tare da goyon bayan ƙarfin guitar ba".<ref name="allmusic">{{Cite web |last=Maginnis, T. |title=Going Mobile |url=http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 |access-date=2011-12-01 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMaginnis,_T.">Maginnis, T. [http://www.allmusic.com/song/going-mobile-t3567165 "Going Mobile"]. ''[[Allmusic]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-12-01</span></span>.</cite></ref> Charlesworth ya bayyana cewa "Going Mobile" "ba shi da girman" na wasu waƙoƙin Who's Next, amma duk da haka ya dauke shi "mai basira da mai cancanta". == Sauran bayyanar == Townshend ya haɗa da wani nau'i na "Going Mobile" a cikin kundin sa na solo The Lifehouse Chronicles . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jurek, T. |title=The Lifehouse Chronicles |url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/scoop-r20359 |access-date=2011-11-30 |website=[[Allmusic]]}}</ref> A cikin 2011, Simon Townshend ya yi waƙar tare da ƙungiyar Roger Daltrey ta No Plan B a kan yawon shakatawa na "Tommy Reborn". == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Articles with hAudio microformats]] basu5a1q0g79hkpxk9i4o7etqj60k92 0 161878 884940 2026-07-19T15:49:48Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336101056|1947 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team]]" 884940 wikitext text/x-wiki Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1947 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Wake Forest a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1947. A kakar wasa ta 11 a ƙarƙashin kocin Peahead Walker, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-4 kuma ta gama a matsayi na goma a Kudancin Kudancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1947 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1947-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Mai tsaron Edward Royston ne Associated Press ta zaɓa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta All-Southern Conference ta 1947. Wake Forest ya kasance a No. 57 (daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kwaleji 500) a cikin Litkenhous Ratings na karshe na shekara ta 1947. == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 27||[[1947 Georgetown Hoyas football team|Georgetown]]<ncg>||[[Groves Stadium (1940)|Groves Stadium]]|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 6-0|12,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Demon Deacons Plaster Hoyas For 6 To 0 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=September 28, 1947|page=D2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28371951/demon_deacons_plaster_hoyas_for_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 4|at|[[1947 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]]||[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|W 16-14|14,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Shade Clemson In Gruelling Game, 16-14: 14,000 Watch Battle|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Anton Foy|date=October 5, 1947|page=Sports 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28309677/deacons_shade_clemson_in_gruelling/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 11|at|No. 19 [[1947 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]||[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|W 19-7|35,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=National Limelight Fades For Tar Heels As Deacons Win, 19-7|newspaper=The Daily Tar Heel|date=October 12, 1947|pages=1, 3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28410075/national_limelight_fades_for_tar_heels/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 18|at|[[1947 George Washington Colonials football team|George Washington]]|14|[[Griffith Stadium]]|[[Washington D.C.]]|W 39-0|9,500|<ref>{{cite news|title=Fetzer Leads Deacons To 39-7 Triumph|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=October 19, 1947|page=33|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28374052/fetzer_leads_deacons_to_397_triumph/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 25||No. 15 [[1947 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|11|Groves Stadium|Wake Forest, NC ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 6-13|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Duke Tops Deacs: Folger Paces Big Blues To Rousing 13 To 6 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|author=Ralph Howland|date=October 26, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28202839/duke_tops_deacs_folger_paces_big_blues/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 1|at|[[1947 William & Mary Tribe football team|William & Mary]]|15|[[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]|[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]|L 0-21|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indians Top Deacons 21-0; Cloud Scores On Thriller|newspaper=Daily Press (Newport news, Virginia)|date=November 2, 1947|page=10A|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409482/indians_top_deacons_210_cloud_scores/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 8|at|[[1947 Boston College Eagles football team|Boston College]]<ncg>||[[Braves Field]]|[[Boston|Boston, MA]]|W 14-13|30,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Wake Forest Handed 14-13 Triumph by Fumbling Eagles|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Jerry Nason|date=November 9, 1947|pages=29, 32|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409611/wake_forest_handed_1413_triumph_by/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 15|at|[[1947 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]||[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0-20|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC and State Roll To Victories: Demon Deacs Bow, 20-0; Justice Rambles Again|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|author=Noel Yancy|date=November 16, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28402890/unc_and_state_roll_to_victories_demon/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 21|vs|[[1947 Duquesne Dukes football team|Duquesne]]<ncg>||[[Bowman Gray Stadium]]|[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]]|W 33-0|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Ramble Over Duquesne By 33-0 Count|newspaper=The Ashville Citizen|date=November 22, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28001164/deacons_ramble_over_duquesne_by_330/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|vs|[[1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]||[[American Legion Memorial Stadium]]|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]]|L 0-6|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Birds Bleach Demon Deacons|newspaper=The Times and Democrat|date=November 28, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28610635/birds_bleach_demon_deacons/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Upset Wake Forest, 6 To 0|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=November 28, 1947|page=25|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409702/gamecocks_upset_wake_forest_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1947|poll=AP|rank=yes|attend=yes|source=yes}} == Matsayi ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gkqcx2tcj4375hxs94uge62cd0ojx7r 884941 884940 2026-07-19T15:51:31Z Aluja 30485 884941 wikitext text/x-wiki Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1947 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Wake Forest a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1947. A kakar wasa ta 11 a ƙarƙashin kocin Peahead Walker, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-4 kuma ta gama a matsayi na goma a Kudancin Kudancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1947 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1947-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Mai tsaron Edward Royston ne Associated Press ta zaɓa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta All-Southern Conference ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cloud Is Captain Of All-Southern|newspaper=The Cumberland News|date=November 29, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3903521/cloud_is_captain_of_all_southern/}}</ref> Wake Forest ya kasance a No. 57 (daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kwaleji 500) a cikin Litkenhous Ratings na karshe na shekara ta 1947. == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 27||[[1947 Georgetown Hoyas football team|Georgetown]]<ncg>||[[Groves Stadium (1940)|Groves Stadium]]|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 6-0|12,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Demon Deacons Plaster Hoyas For 6 To 0 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=September 28, 1947|page=D2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28371951/demon_deacons_plaster_hoyas_for_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 4|at|[[1947 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]]||[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|W 16-14|14,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Shade Clemson In Gruelling Game, 16-14: 14,000 Watch Battle|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Anton Foy|date=October 5, 1947|page=Sports 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28309677/deacons_shade_clemson_in_gruelling/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 11|at|No. 19 [[1947 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]||[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|W 19-7|35,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=National Limelight Fades For Tar Heels As Deacons Win, 19-7|newspaper=The Daily Tar Heel|date=October 12, 1947|pages=1, 3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28410075/national_limelight_fades_for_tar_heels/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 18|at|[[1947 George Washington Colonials football team|George Washington]]|14|[[Griffith Stadium]]|[[Washington D.C.]]|W 39-0|9,500|<ref>{{cite news|title=Fetzer Leads Deacons To 39-7 Triumph|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=October 19, 1947|page=33|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28374052/fetzer_leads_deacons_to_397_triumph/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 25||No. 15 [[1947 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|11|Groves Stadium|Wake Forest, NC ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 6-13|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Duke Tops Deacs: Folger Paces Big Blues To Rousing 13 To 6 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|author=Ralph Howland|date=October 26, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28202839/duke_tops_deacs_folger_paces_big_blues/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 1|at|[[1947 William & Mary Tribe football team|William & Mary]]|15|[[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]|[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]|L 0-21|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indians Top Deacons 21-0; Cloud Scores On Thriller|newspaper=Daily Press (Newport news, Virginia)|date=November 2, 1947|page=10A|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409482/indians_top_deacons_210_cloud_scores/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 8|at|[[1947 Boston College Eagles football team|Boston College]]<ncg>||[[Braves Field]]|[[Boston|Boston, MA]]|W 14-13|30,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Wake Forest Handed 14-13 Triumph by Fumbling Eagles|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Jerry Nason|date=November 9, 1947|pages=29, 32|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409611/wake_forest_handed_1413_triumph_by/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 15|at|[[1947 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]||[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0-20|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC and State Roll To Victories: Demon Deacs Bow, 20-0; Justice Rambles Again|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|author=Noel Yancy|date=November 16, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28402890/unc_and_state_roll_to_victories_demon/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 21|vs|[[1947 Duquesne Dukes football team|Duquesne]]<ncg>||[[Bowman Gray Stadium]]|[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]]|W 33-0|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Ramble Over Duquesne By 33-0 Count|newspaper=The Ashville Citizen|date=November 22, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28001164/deacons_ramble_over_duquesne_by_330/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|vs|[[1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]||[[American Legion Memorial Stadium]]|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]]|L 0-6|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Birds Bleach Demon Deacons|newspaper=The Times and Democrat|date=November 28, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28610635/birds_bleach_demon_deacons/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Upset Wake Forest, 6 To 0|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=November 28, 1947|page=25|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409702/gamecocks_upset_wake_forest_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1947|poll=AP|rank=yes|attend=yes|source=yes}} == Matsayi ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} q4qsgkhqcg4r1ygvxxh5gaqw746hxje 884942 884941 2026-07-19T15:52:27Z Aluja 30485 884942 wikitext text/x-wiki Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1947 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Wake Forest a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1947. A kakar wasa ta 11 a ƙarƙashin kocin Peahead Walker, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-4 kuma ta gama a matsayi na goma a Kudancin Kudancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1947 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1947-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Mai tsaron Edward Royston ne Associated Press ta zaɓa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta All-Southern Conference ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cloud Is Captain Of All-Southern|newspaper=The Cumberland News|date=November 29, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3903521/cloud_is_captain_of_all_southern/}}</ref> Wake Forest ya kasance a No. 57 (daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kwaleji 500) a cikin Litkenhous Ratings na karshe na shekara ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Michigan National Champion in Final Litkenhous Ratings|newspaper=Times|author=Dr. E. E. Litkenhous|date=December 18, 1947|page=47|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123152970/michigan-national-champion-in-final/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 27||[[1947 Georgetown Hoyas football team|Georgetown]]<ncg>||[[Groves Stadium (1940)|Groves Stadium]]|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 6-0|12,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Demon Deacons Plaster Hoyas For 6 To 0 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=September 28, 1947|page=D2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28371951/demon_deacons_plaster_hoyas_for_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 4|at|[[1947 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]]||[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|W 16-14|14,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Shade Clemson In Gruelling Game, 16-14: 14,000 Watch Battle|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Anton Foy|date=October 5, 1947|page=Sports 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28309677/deacons_shade_clemson_in_gruelling/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 11|at|No. 19 [[1947 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]||[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|W 19-7|35,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=National Limelight Fades For Tar Heels As Deacons Win, 19-7|newspaper=The Daily Tar Heel|date=October 12, 1947|pages=1, 3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28410075/national_limelight_fades_for_tar_heels/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 18|at|[[1947 George Washington Colonials football team|George Washington]]|14|[[Griffith Stadium]]|[[Washington D.C.]]|W 39-0|9,500|<ref>{{cite news|title=Fetzer Leads Deacons To 39-7 Triumph|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=October 19, 1947|page=33|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28374052/fetzer_leads_deacons_to_397_triumph/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 25||No. 15 [[1947 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|11|Groves Stadium|Wake Forest, NC ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 6-13|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Duke Tops Deacs: Folger Paces Big Blues To Rousing 13 To 6 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|author=Ralph Howland|date=October 26, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28202839/duke_tops_deacs_folger_paces_big_blues/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 1|at|[[1947 William & Mary Tribe football team|William & Mary]]|15|[[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]|[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]|L 0-21|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indians Top Deacons 21-0; Cloud Scores On Thriller|newspaper=Daily Press (Newport news, Virginia)|date=November 2, 1947|page=10A|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409482/indians_top_deacons_210_cloud_scores/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 8|at|[[1947 Boston College Eagles football team|Boston College]]<ncg>||[[Braves Field]]|[[Boston|Boston, MA]]|W 14-13|30,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Wake Forest Handed 14-13 Triumph by Fumbling Eagles|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Jerry Nason|date=November 9, 1947|pages=29, 32|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409611/wake_forest_handed_1413_triumph_by/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 15|at|[[1947 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]||[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0-20|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC and State Roll To Victories: Demon Deacs Bow, 20-0; Justice Rambles Again|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|author=Noel Yancy|date=November 16, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28402890/unc_and_state_roll_to_victories_demon/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 21|vs|[[1947 Duquesne Dukes football team|Duquesne]]<ncg>||[[Bowman Gray Stadium]]|[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]]|W 33-0|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Ramble Over Duquesne By 33-0 Count|newspaper=The Ashville Citizen|date=November 22, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28001164/deacons_ramble_over_duquesne_by_330/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|vs|[[1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]||[[American Legion Memorial Stadium]]|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]]|L 0-6|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Birds Bleach Demon Deacons|newspaper=The Times and Democrat|date=November 28, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28610635/birds_bleach_demon_deacons/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Upset Wake Forest, 6 To 0|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=November 28, 1947|page=25|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409702/gamecocks_upset_wake_forest_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1947|poll=AP|rank=yes|attend=yes|source=yes}} == Matsayi ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ce0p9kqtbrbsnav71kn0lajtac80fjb 884943 884942 2026-07-19T15:52:50Z Aluja 30485 884943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1947 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Wake Forest a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1947. A kakar wasa ta 11 a ƙarƙashin kocin Peahead Walker, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-4 kuma ta gama a matsayi na goma a Kudancin Kudancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1947 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1947-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Mai tsaron Edward Royston ne Associated Press ta zaɓa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta All-Southern Conference ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cloud Is Captain Of All-Southern|newspaper=The Cumberland News|date=November 29, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3903521/cloud_is_captain_of_all_southern/}}</ref> Wake Forest ya kasance a No. 57 (daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kwaleji 500) a cikin Litkenhous Ratings na karshe na shekara ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Michigan National Champion in Final Litkenhous Ratings|newspaper=Times|author=Dr. E. E. Litkenhous|date=December 18, 1947|page=47|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123152970/michigan-national-champion-in-final/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 27||[[1947 Georgetown Hoyas football team|Georgetown]]<ncg>||[[Groves Stadium (1940)|Groves Stadium]]|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 6-0|12,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Demon Deacons Plaster Hoyas For 6 To 0 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=September 28, 1947|page=D2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28371951/demon_deacons_plaster_hoyas_for_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 4|at|[[1947 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]]||[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|W 16-14|14,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Shade Clemson In Gruelling Game, 16-14: 14,000 Watch Battle|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Anton Foy|date=October 5, 1947|page=Sports 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28309677/deacons_shade_clemson_in_gruelling/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 11|at|No. 19 [[1947 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]||[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|W 19-7|35,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=National Limelight Fades For Tar Heels As Deacons Win, 19-7|newspaper=The Daily Tar Heel|date=October 12, 1947|pages=1, 3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28410075/national_limelight_fades_for_tar_heels/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 18|at|[[1947 George Washington Colonials football team|George Washington]]|14|[[Griffith Stadium]]|[[Washington D.C.]]|W 39-0|9,500|<ref>{{cite news|title=Fetzer Leads Deacons To 39-7 Triumph|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=October 19, 1947|page=33|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28374052/fetzer_leads_deacons_to_397_triumph/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 25||No. 15 [[1947 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|11|Groves Stadium|Wake Forest, NC ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 6-13|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Duke Tops Deacs: Folger Paces Big Blues To Rousing 13 To 6 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|author=Ralph Howland|date=October 26, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28202839/duke_tops_deacs_folger_paces_big_blues/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 1|at|[[1947 William & Mary Tribe football team|William & Mary]]|15|[[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]|[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]|L 0-21|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indians Top Deacons 21-0; Cloud Scores On Thriller|newspaper=Daily Press (Newport news, Virginia)|date=November 2, 1947|page=10A|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409482/indians_top_deacons_210_cloud_scores/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 8|at|[[1947 Boston College Eagles football team|Boston College]]<ncg>||[[Braves Field]]|[[Boston|Boston, MA]]|W 14-13|30,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Wake Forest Handed 14-13 Triumph by Fumbling Eagles|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Jerry Nason|date=November 9, 1947|pages=29, 32|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409611/wake_forest_handed_1413_triumph_by/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 15|at|[[1947 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]||[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0-20|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC and State Roll To Victories: Demon Deacs Bow, 20-0; Justice Rambles Again|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|author=Noel Yancy|date=November 16, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28402890/unc_and_state_roll_to_victories_demon/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 21|vs|[[1947 Duquesne Dukes football team|Duquesne]]<ncg>||[[Bowman Gray Stadium]]|[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]]|W 33-0|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Ramble Over Duquesne By 33-0 Count|newspaper=The Ashville Citizen|date=November 22, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28001164/deacons_ramble_over_duquesne_by_330/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|vs|[[1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]||[[American Legion Memorial Stadium]]|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]]|L 0-6|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Birds Bleach Demon Deacons|newspaper=The Times and Democrat|date=November 28, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28610635/birds_bleach_demon_deacons/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Upset Wake Forest, 6 To 0|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=November 28, 1947|page=25|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409702/gamecocks_upset_wake_forest_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1947|poll=AP|rank=yes|attend=yes|source=yes}} == Matsayi ==   == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 0n6m4215wicem9sfh3mizsf1c7k6mol 884944 884943 2026-07-19T15:53:30Z Aluja 30485 /* Matsayi */ 884944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Wake Forest Demon Deacons ta 1947 ƙungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Wake Forest a lokacin kakar ƙwallon ƙafa ta kwaleji ta 1947. A kakar wasa ta 11 a ƙarƙashin kocin Peahead Walker, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin 6-4 kuma ta gama a matsayi na goma a Kudancin Kudancin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1947 Wake Forest Demon Deacons Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/wake-forest/1947-schedule.html |access-date=December 24, 2015 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> Mai tsaron Edward Royston ne Associated Press ta zaɓa shi a matsayin ɗan wasa na farko a ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta All-Southern Conference ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cloud Is Captain Of All-Southern|newspaper=The Cumberland News|date=November 29, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3903521/cloud_is_captain_of_all_southern/}}</ref> Wake Forest ya kasance a No. 57 (daga cikin kungiyoyin kwallon kafa na kwaleji 500) a cikin Litkenhous Ratings na karshe na shekara ta 1947.<ref>{{cite news|title=Michigan National Champion in Final Litkenhous Ratings|newspaper=Times|author=Dr. E. E. Litkenhous|date=December 18, 1947|page=47|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/123152970/michigan-national-champion-in-final/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 27||[[1947 Georgetown Hoyas football team|Georgetown]]<ncg>||[[Groves Stadium (1940)|Groves Stadium]]|[[Wake Forest, North Carolina|Wake Forest, NC]]|W 6-0|12,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Demon Deacons Plaster Hoyas For 6 To 0 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=September 28, 1947|page=D2|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28371951/demon_deacons_plaster_hoyas_for_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 4|at|[[1947 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]]||[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|W 16-14|14,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Shade Clemson In Gruelling Game, 16-14: 14,000 Watch Battle|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Anton Foy|date=October 5, 1947|page=Sports 1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28309677/deacons_shade_clemson_in_gruelling/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 11|at|No. 19 [[1947 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]||[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] ([[North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|W 19-7|35,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=National Limelight Fades For Tar Heels As Deacons Win, 19-7|newspaper=The Daily Tar Heel|date=October 12, 1947|pages=1, 3|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28410075/national_limelight_fades_for_tar_heels/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 18|at|[[1947 George Washington Colonials football team|George Washington]]|14|[[Griffith Stadium]]|[[Washington D.C.]]|W 39-0|9,500|<ref>{{cite news|title=Fetzer Leads Deacons To 39-7 Triumph|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|date=October 19, 1947|page=33|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28374052/fetzer_leads_deacons_to_397_triumph/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 25||No. 15 [[1947 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|11|Groves Stadium|Wake Forest, NC ([[Tobacco Road (rivalry)#Football|rivalry]])|L 6-13|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Duke Tops Deacs: Folger Paces Big Blues To Rousing 13 To 6 Win|newspaper=Ashville Citizen-Times|author=Ralph Howland|date=October 26, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28202839/duke_tops_deacs_folger_paces_big_blues/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 1|at|[[1947 William & Mary Tribe football team|William & Mary]]|15|[[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]|[[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]|L 0-21|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Indians Top Deacons 21-0; Cloud Scores On Thriller|newspaper=Daily Press (Newport news, Virginia)|date=November 2, 1947|page=10A|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409482/indians_top_deacons_210_cloud_scores/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 8|at|[[1947 Boston College Eagles football team|Boston College]]<ncg>||[[Braves Field]]|[[Boston|Boston, MA]]|W 14-13|30,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Wake Forest Handed 14-13 Triumph by Fumbling Eagles|newspaper=The Boston Globe|author=Jerry Nason|date=November 9, 1947|pages=29, 32|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409611/wake_forest_handed_1413_triumph_by/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 15|at|[[1947 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]||[[Riddick Stadium]]|[[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] ([[NC State–Wake Forest rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0-20|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC and State Roll To Victories: Demon Deacs Bow, 20-0; Justice Rambles Again|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|author=Noel Yancy|date=November 16, 1947|page=D1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28402890/unc_and_state_roll_to_victories_demon/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 21|vs|[[1947 Duquesne Dukes football team|Duquesne]]<ncg>||[[Bowman Gray Stadium]]|[[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem, NC]]|W 33-0|10,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Deacons Ramble Over Duquesne By 33-0 Count|newspaper=The Ashville Citizen|date=November 22, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28001164/deacons_ramble_over_duquesne_by_330/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|vs|[[1947 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]||[[American Legion Memorial Stadium]]|[[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte, NC]]|L 0-6|17,000|<ref>{{cite news|title=Birds Bleach Demon Deacons|newspaper=The Times and Democrat|date=November 28, 1947|page=11|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28610635/birds_bleach_demon_deacons/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Upset Wake Forest, 6 To 0|newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times|date=November 28, 1947|page=25|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/28409702/gamecocks_upset_wake_forest_6_to_0/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1947|poll=AP|rank=yes|attend=yes|source=yes}} == Matsayi == {{see also|1947 college football rankings}} {{Ranking movements | poll1title = [[AP poll|AP]] | poll1firstweek = 1 | poll1lastweek = 10 | poll1_1=NR | poll1_2=14 {{small|(2)}} | poll1_3=11 | poll1_4=15 | poll1_5=NR | poll1_6=NR | poll1_7=NR | poll1_8=NR | poll1_9=NR | poll1_10=NR }} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 3q6ix83n85vxns4x3dsj30dcl1le9ft 0 161879 884945 2026-07-19T16:00:28Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340902874|1943 VMI Keydets football team]]" 884945 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta VMI Keydets ta 1943 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka]] wacce ke wakiltar Cibiyar Sojojin Virginia (VMI) a lokacin kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ta 1943 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin . A shekara ta bakwai a ƙarƙashin kocin Pooley Hubert, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 2-6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1943 VMI Keydets football schedule |url=https://vmikeydets.com/sports/football/schedule/1943 |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=VMI Athletics}}</ref> A cikin Litkenhous Ratings na ƙarshe, VMI ta kasance ta 180 a cikin kwalejin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin sabis tare da ƙimar 44.5. == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 24 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Temple Owls football team|Temple]] | site_stadium = [[Temple Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 10,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=10,000 see Temple eleven win, 27–0|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=September 25, 1943|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758132/10000-see-temple-eleven-win-270/|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1943 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 13–0 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758379/vmi-cadets-beat-davidson-by-130/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=VMI Cadets beat Davidson by 13–0|date=October 3, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Victory Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] | score = 12–7 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758561/vmi-wins-thriller-from-clemson-127/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=V.M.I. wins thriller from Clemson, 12–7|date=October 10, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1943 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]] | site_stadium = [[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] | gamename = [[Richmond–VMI football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 4,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758794/richmonds-spiders-knock-vmi-out-of-conf/|work=Daily News|title=Richmond's Spiders knock VMI out of conference lead, 27–0|date=October 17, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Municipal Stadium | site_cityst = [[Lynchburg, Virginia|Lynchburg, VA]] | score = 0–21 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Wake Forest relies on breaks to lick V.M.I., 21 To 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77627393/asheville-citizen-times/ |newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 24, 1943 |page=15 |access-date=May 13, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = Lexington, VA | score = 0–34 | attend = 2,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91759330/virginia-overwhelms-vmi-keydets-by-340/|work=The Daily News Leader|title=Virginia overwhelms VMI Keydets by 34–0|date=October 31, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 13 | w/l = l | neutral = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 7–46 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761301/cook-runs-wild-as-bulldogs-triumph-46-t/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=Cook runs wild as Bulldogs triumph, 46 to 7|date=November 14, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Victory Stadium | site_cityst = Roanoke, VA | score = 14–21 | attend = 7,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761540/vmi-beaten-by-maryland/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=V.M.I. beaten by Maryland|date=November 26, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1943|poll=AP}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 92fnp2z0mzgvelfl5zsfd2t63uw98m2 884946 884945 2026-07-19T16:00:49Z Aluja 30485 884946 wikitext text/x-wiki Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta VMI Keydets ta 1943 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka]] wacce ke wakiltar Cibiyar Sojojin Virginia (VMI) a lokacin kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ta 1943 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin . A shekara ta bakwai a ƙarƙashin kocin Pooley Hubert, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 2-6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1943 VMI Keydets football schedule |url=https://vmikeydets.com/sports/football/schedule/1943 |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=VMI Athletics}}</ref> A cikin Litkenhous Ratings na ƙarshe, VMI ta kasance ta 180 a cikin kwalejin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin sabis tare da ƙimar 44.5. == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 24 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Temple Owls football team|Temple]] | site_stadium = [[Temple Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 10,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=10,000 see Temple eleven win, 27–0|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=September 25, 1943|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758132/10000-see-temple-eleven-win-270/|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1943 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 13–0 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758379/vmi-cadets-beat-davidson-by-130/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=VMI Cadets beat Davidson by 13–0|date=October 3, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Victory Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] | score = 12–7 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758561/vmi-wins-thriller-from-clemson-127/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=V.M.I. wins thriller from Clemson, 12–7|date=October 10, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1943 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]] | site_stadium = [[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] | gamename = [[Richmond–VMI football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 4,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758794/richmonds-spiders-knock-vmi-out-of-conf/|work=Daily News|title=Richmond's Spiders knock VMI out of conference lead, 27–0|date=October 17, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Municipal Stadium | site_cityst = [[Lynchburg, Virginia|Lynchburg, VA]] | score = 0–21 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Wake Forest relies on breaks to lick V.M.I., 21 To 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77627393/asheville-citizen-times/ |newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 24, 1943 |page=15 |access-date=May 13, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = Lexington, VA | score = 0–34 | attend = 2,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91759330/virginia-overwhelms-vmi-keydets-by-340/|work=The Daily News Leader|title=Virginia overwhelms VMI Keydets by 34–0|date=October 31, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 13 | w/l = l | neutral = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 7–46 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761301/cook-runs-wild-as-bulldogs-triumph-46-t/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=Cook runs wild as Bulldogs triumph, 46 to 7|date=November 14, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Victory Stadium | site_cityst = Roanoke, VA | score = 14–21 | attend = 7,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761540/vmi-beaten-by-maryland/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=V.M.I. beaten by Maryland|date=November 26, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1943|poll=AP}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mo28sg2p1ynrib5nwbsd87588icl56u 884947 884946 2026-07-19T16:01:39Z Aluja 30485 884947 wikitext text/x-wiki Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta VMI Keydets ta 1943 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka]] wacce ke wakiltar Cibiyar Sojojin Virginia (VMI) a lokacin kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ta 1943 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin . A shekara ta bakwai a ƙarƙashin kocin Pooley Hubert, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 2-6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1943 VMI Keydets football schedule |url=https://vmikeydets.com/sports/football/schedule/1943 |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=VMI Athletics}}</ref> A cikin Litkenhous Ratings na ƙarshe, VMI ta kasance ta 180 a cikin kwalejin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin sabis tare da ƙimar 44.5.<ref>{{cite news |last=Litkenhous |first=E. E. |authorlink=Edward E. Litkenhous |title=Litkenhouse Selects U. S. Grid Leaders |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune/122968858/ |newspaper=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |location=[[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, Utah]] |date=December 17, 1943 |page=18 |access-date=April 16, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 24 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Temple Owls football team|Temple]] | site_stadium = [[Temple Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 10,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=10,000 see Temple eleven win, 27–0|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=September 25, 1943|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758132/10000-see-temple-eleven-win-270/|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1943 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 13–0 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758379/vmi-cadets-beat-davidson-by-130/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=VMI Cadets beat Davidson by 13–0|date=October 3, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Victory Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] | score = 12–7 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758561/vmi-wins-thriller-from-clemson-127/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=V.M.I. wins thriller from Clemson, 12–7|date=October 10, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1943 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]] | site_stadium = [[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] | gamename = [[Richmond–VMI football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 4,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758794/richmonds-spiders-knock-vmi-out-of-conf/|work=Daily News|title=Richmond's Spiders knock VMI out of conference lead, 27–0|date=October 17, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Municipal Stadium | site_cityst = [[Lynchburg, Virginia|Lynchburg, VA]] | score = 0–21 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Wake Forest relies on breaks to lick V.M.I., 21 To 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77627393/asheville-citizen-times/ |newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 24, 1943 |page=15 |access-date=May 13, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = Lexington, VA | score = 0–34 | attend = 2,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91759330/virginia-overwhelms-vmi-keydets-by-340/|work=The Daily News Leader|title=Virginia overwhelms VMI Keydets by 34–0|date=October 31, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 13 | w/l = l | neutral = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 7–46 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761301/cook-runs-wild-as-bulldogs-triumph-46-t/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=Cook runs wild as Bulldogs triumph, 46 to 7|date=November 14, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Victory Stadium | site_cityst = Roanoke, VA | score = 14–21 | attend = 7,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761540/vmi-beaten-by-maryland/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=V.M.I. beaten by Maryland|date=November 26, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1943|poll=AP}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 9dhmyyh9lbtsl3fu5u2uy4a7vup78at 884948 884947 2026-07-19T16:02:48Z Aluja 30485 884948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta VMI Keydets ta 1943 ta kasance ƙungiyar [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka|Ƙwallon ƙafa ta Amurka]] wacce ke wakiltar Cibiyar Sojojin Virginia (VMI) a lokacin kakar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na kwaleji ta 1943 a matsayin memba na Kudancin Kudancin . A shekara ta bakwai a ƙarƙashin kocin Pooley Hubert, ƙungiyar ta tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 2-6.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1943 VMI Keydets football schedule |url=https://vmikeydets.com/sports/football/schedule/1943 |access-date=January 3, 2022 |website=VMI Athletics}}</ref> A cikin Litkenhous Ratings na ƙarshe, VMI ta kasance ta 180 a cikin kwalejin ƙasa da ƙungiyoyin sabis tare da ƙimar 44.5.<ref>{{cite news |last=Litkenhous |first=E. E. |authorlink=Edward E. Litkenhous |title=Litkenhouse Selects U. S. Grid Leaders |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune/122968858/ |newspaper=[[The Salt Lake Tribune]] |location=[[Salt Lake City|Salt Lake City, Utah]] |date=December 17, 1943 |page=18 |access-date=April 16, 2023 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] {{Open access}} }}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 24 | w/l = l | away = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Temple Owls football team|Temple]] | site_stadium = [[Temple Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Philadelphia|Philadelphia, PA]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 10,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=10,000 see Temple eleven win, 27–0|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=September 25, 1943|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758132/10000-see-temple-eleven-win-270/|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 2 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1943 Davidson Wildcats football team|Davidson]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = [[Lexington, Virginia|Lexington, VA]] | score = 13–0 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758379/vmi-cadets-beat-davidson-by-130/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=VMI Cadets beat Davidson by 13–0|date=October 3, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 9 | w/l = w | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Victory Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Roanoke, Virginia|Roanoke, VA]] | score = 12–7 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758561/vmi-wins-thriller-from-clemson-127/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=V.M.I. wins thriller from Clemson, 12–7|date=October 10, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 16 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1943 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]] | site_stadium = [[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] | gamename = [[Richmond–VMI football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 0–27 | attend = 4,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91758794/richmonds-spiders-knock-vmi-out-of-conf/|work=Daily News|title=Richmond's Spiders knock VMI out of conference lead, 27–0|date=October 17, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 23 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = Municipal Stadium | site_cityst = [[Lynchburg, Virginia|Lynchburg, VA]] | score = 0–21 | attend = 3,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news |title=Wake Forest relies on breaks to lick V.M.I., 21 To 0 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77627393/asheville-citizen-times/ |newspaper=Asheville Citizen-Times |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=October 24, 1943 |page=15 |access-date=May 13, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 30 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]] | site_stadium = Alumni Field | site_cityst = Lexington, VA | score = 0–34 | attend = 2,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91759330/virginia-overwhelms-vmi-keydets-by-340/|work=The Daily News Leader|title=Virginia overwhelms VMI Keydets by 34–0|date=October 31, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 13 | w/l = l | neutral = y | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1943 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 7–46 | attend = 5,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761301/cook-runs-wild-as-bulldogs-triumph-46-t/|work=The Atlanta Constitution|title=Cook runs wild as Bulldogs triumph, 46 to 7|date=November 14, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 25 | w/l = l | neutral = y | opponent = [[1943 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = Victory Stadium | site_cityst = Roanoke, VA | score = 14–21 | attend = 7,000 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/91761540/vmi-beaten-by-maryland/|work=The Baltimore Sun|title=V.M.I. beaten by Maryland|date=November 26, 1943|accessdate=January 3, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|rankyear=1943|poll=AP}} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} jrnhsqwj5c375royt87ufdtp55igoue 0 161880 884949 2026-07-19T16:06:27Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335885498|1971 Clemson Tigers football team]]" 884949 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Clemson Tigers ta 1971 kungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Clemson a taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1971. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Hootie Ingram, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 5-6 (4-2 a kan abokan adawar taron), ta kammala ta biyu a cikin ACC, kuma an ci ta da jimlar 202 zuwa 155. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=2016 Media Guide |url=https://issuu.com/clemsontigers/docs/2016_guide |access-date=June 23, 2017 |website=clemsontigers.com |publisher=Clemson Athletics |pages=200–208 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971-schedule.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kungiyar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Memorial a Clemson, South Carolina . Larry Hefner da John McMakin sun kasance kyaftin din tawagar. Shugabannin ƙididdigar ƙungiyar sun haɗa da mai tsaron gida Tommy Kendrick tare da yadudduka 1,040 masu wucewa, mai gudu Rick Gilstrap tare da yadadduka 514 masu gudu, Don Kelley tare da yaduttuka 505, da John McMakin tare da maki 30 da aka zira (5 touchdowns). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press ya zaɓi 'yan wasan Clemson guda biyu a matsayin' yan wasan farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta All-Atlantic Coast Conference ta 1971: John McMakin mai tsaron gida, Wayne Baker mai tsaron baya, da Larry Hefner. == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 11|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Kentucky Wildcats football team|Kentucky]]<ncg>|[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|L 10–13|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-kirk-kick-in-four/133873797/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Kirk kick in fourth kills Tigers|date=September 12, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|September 25|1:30 p.m.||No. 14 [[1971 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]]<ncg>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Clemson–Georgia football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0–28|38,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-georgia-wallops-clem/133885601/|work=The Palm Beach Post-Times|title=Georgia wallops Clemson|date=September 26, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 2|2:00 p.m.|at|[[1971 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]]<ncg>|[[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]]|[[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] ([[Clemson–Georgia Tech football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 14–24|50,239|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-mcashan-directs-t/139416332/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=McAshan directs Tech past Clemson, 24–14|date=October 3, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 9|2:00 p.m.|vs|No. 14 [[1971 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|[[S.B. Ballard Stadium|Foreman Field]]|[[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] ([[Oyster Bowl]])|W 3–0|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-press-clemson-stuns-duke-30/139416471/|work=Daily Press|title=Clemson stuns Duke, 3–0|date=October 10, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 16|1:30 p.m.|vs|[[1971 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]]|[[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] ([[Tobacco Bowl]])|W 35–15|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-tigers-on-a-tea/139416588/|work=The Atlanta Journal & Constitution|title=Tigers on a tear, roll over Virginia|date=October 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 23|1:30 p.m.|at|No. 5 [[1971 Auburn Tigers football team|Auburn]]<ncg>|[[Jordan-Hare Stadium|Cliff Hare Stadium]]|[[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn, AL]] ([[Auburn–Clemson football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 13–35|55,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-auburn-closes-doo/133884624/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Auburn closes door on scrappy Clemson|date=October 24, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 30|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]]<hc>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 10–9|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-and-democrat-sieglers-toe-lif/139416742/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Siegler's toe lifts Clemson|date=October 31, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 6|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]]|L 13–26|45,500|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-north-carolina-pre/139415868/|work=The Commercial Appeal|title=North Carolina prevails on Craven's field goals|date=November 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 13|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 20–14|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-clemson-triumphs/139416878/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Clemson triumphs, can tie for title|date=November 14, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 20|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Textile Bowl|rivalry]])|L 23–31|28,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florence-morning-news-state-stuns-clemso/139417066/|work=Florence Morning News|title=State stuns Clemson, 31–23|date=November 21, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]<ncg>|[[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]]|[[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] ([[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]])|W 17–7|57,242|<ref>{{cite news|title=Savage Tigers Slash Gamecocks Before Record 57,242 Crowd|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Dan Foster|date=November 28, 1971|pages=1A, 2C|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36784667/savage_tigers_slash_gamecocks_before/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1971|poll=AP|timezone=Eastern|time=y|attend=y|source=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=1971 |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |access-date=November 9, 2023 |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |page=2}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} rrn47ihyy2v1v0zpxwonndr7ujwf2kc 884950 884949 2026-07-19T16:06:53Z Aluja 30485 884950 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Clemson Tigers ta 1971 kungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Clemson a taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1971. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Hootie Ingram, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 5-6 (4-2 a kan abokan adawar taron), ta kammala ta biyu a cikin ACC, kuma an ci ta da jimlar 202 zuwa 155. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=2016 Media Guide |url=https://issuu.com/clemsontigers/docs/2016_guide |access-date=June 23, 2017 |website=clemsontigers.com |publisher=Clemson Athletics |pages=200–208 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971-schedule.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kungiyar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Memorial a Clemson, South Carolina . Larry Hefner da John McMakin sun kasance kyaftin din tawagar. Shugabannin ƙididdigar ƙungiyar sun haɗa da mai tsaron gida Tommy Kendrick tare da yadudduka 1,040 masu wucewa, mai gudu Rick Gilstrap tare da yadadduka 514 masu gudu, Don Kelley tare da yaduttuka 505, da John McMakin tare da maki 30 da aka zira (5 touchdowns). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press ya zaɓi 'yan wasan Clemson guda biyu a matsayin' yan wasan farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta All-Atlantic Coast Conference ta 1971: John McMakin mai tsaron gida, Wayne Baker mai tsaron baya, da Larry Hefner. == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 11|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Kentucky Wildcats football team|Kentucky]]<ncg>|[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|L 10–13|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-kirk-kick-in-four/133873797/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Kirk kick in fourth kills Tigers|date=September 12, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|September 25|1:30 p.m.||No. 14 [[1971 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]]<ncg>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Clemson–Georgia football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0–28|38,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-georgia-wallops-clem/133885601/|work=The Palm Beach Post-Times|title=Georgia wallops Clemson|date=September 26, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 2|2:00 p.m.|at|[[1971 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]]<ncg>|[[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]]|[[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] ([[Clemson–Georgia Tech football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 14–24|50,239|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-mcashan-directs-t/139416332/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=McAshan directs Tech past Clemson, 24–14|date=October 3, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 9|2:00 p.m.|vs|No. 14 [[1971 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|[[S.B. Ballard Stadium|Foreman Field]]|[[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] ([[Oyster Bowl]])|W 3–0|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-press-clemson-stuns-duke-30/139416471/|work=Daily Press|title=Clemson stuns Duke, 3–0|date=October 10, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 16|1:30 p.m.|vs|[[1971 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]]|[[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] ([[Tobacco Bowl]])|W 35–15|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-tigers-on-a-tea/139416588/|work=The Atlanta Journal & Constitution|title=Tigers on a tear, roll over Virginia|date=October 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 23|1:30 p.m.|at|No. 5 [[1971 Auburn Tigers football team|Auburn]]<ncg>|[[Jordan-Hare Stadium|Cliff Hare Stadium]]|[[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn, AL]] ([[Auburn–Clemson football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 13–35|55,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-auburn-closes-doo/133884624/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Auburn closes door on scrappy Clemson|date=October 24, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 30|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]]<hc>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 10–9|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-and-democrat-sieglers-toe-lif/139416742/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Siegler's toe lifts Clemson|date=October 31, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 6|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]]|L 13–26|45,500|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-north-carolina-pre/139415868/|work=The Commercial Appeal|title=North Carolina prevails on Craven's field goals|date=November 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 13|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 20–14|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-clemson-triumphs/139416878/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Clemson triumphs, can tie for title|date=November 14, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 20|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Textile Bowl|rivalry]])|L 23–31|28,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florence-morning-news-state-stuns-clemso/139417066/|work=Florence Morning News|title=State stuns Clemson, 31–23|date=November 21, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]<ncg>|[[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]]|[[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] ([[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]])|W 17–7|57,242|<ref>{{cite news|title=Savage Tigers Slash Gamecocks Before Record 57,242 Crowd|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Dan Foster|date=November 28, 1971|pages=1A, 2C|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36784667/savage_tigers_slash_gamecocks_before/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1971|poll=AP|timezone=Eastern|time=y|attend=y|source=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=1971 |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |access-date=November 9, 2023 |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |page=2}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} ei3ysixos2ap97t50ecwmt5ynrp3aq2 884951 884950 2026-07-19T16:08:43Z Aluja 30485 884951 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Clemson Tigers ta 1971 kungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Clemson a taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1971. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Hootie Ingram, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 5-6 (4-2 a kan abokan adawar taron), ta kammala ta biyu a cikin ACC, kuma an ci ta da jimlar 202 zuwa 155. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=2016 Media Guide |url=https://issuu.com/clemsontigers/docs/2016_guide |access-date=June 23, 2017 |website=clemsontigers.com |publisher=Clemson Athletics |pages=200–208 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971-schedule.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kungiyar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Memorial a Clemson, South Carolina . Larry Hefner da John McMakin sun kasance kyaftin din tawagar. Shugabannin ƙididdigar ƙungiyar sun haɗa da mai tsaron gida Tommy Kendrick tare da yadudduka 1,040 masu wucewa, mai gudu Rick Gilstrap tare da yadadduka 514 masu gudu, Don Kelley tare da yaduttuka 505, da John McMakin tare da maki 30 da aka zira (5 touchdowns). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press ya zaɓi 'yan wasan Clemson guda biyu a matsayin' yan wasan farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta All-Atlantic Coast Conference ta 1971: John McMakin mai tsaron gida, Wayne Baker mai tsaron baya, da Larry Hefner.<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC Places Nine Men On All ACC Team|newspaper=The Asheville (NC) Citizen|date=November 25, 1971|page=54|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7208333/unc_places_nine_men_on_allacc_team/}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 11|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Kentucky Wildcats football team|Kentucky]]<ncg>|[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|L 10–13|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-kirk-kick-in-four/133873797/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Kirk kick in fourth kills Tigers|date=September 12, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|September 25|1:30 p.m.||No. 14 [[1971 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]]<ncg>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Clemson–Georgia football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0–28|38,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-georgia-wallops-clem/133885601/|work=The Palm Beach Post-Times|title=Georgia wallops Clemson|date=September 26, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 2|2:00 p.m.|at|[[1971 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]]<ncg>|[[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]]|[[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] ([[Clemson–Georgia Tech football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 14–24|50,239|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-mcashan-directs-t/139416332/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=McAshan directs Tech past Clemson, 24–14|date=October 3, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 9|2:00 p.m.|vs|No. 14 [[1971 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|[[S.B. Ballard Stadium|Foreman Field]]|[[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] ([[Oyster Bowl]])|W 3–0|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-press-clemson-stuns-duke-30/139416471/|work=Daily Press|title=Clemson stuns Duke, 3–0|date=October 10, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 16|1:30 p.m.|vs|[[1971 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]]|[[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] ([[Tobacco Bowl]])|W 35–15|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-tigers-on-a-tea/139416588/|work=The Atlanta Journal & Constitution|title=Tigers on a tear, roll over Virginia|date=October 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 23|1:30 p.m.|at|No. 5 [[1971 Auburn Tigers football team|Auburn]]<ncg>|[[Jordan-Hare Stadium|Cliff Hare Stadium]]|[[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn, AL]] ([[Auburn–Clemson football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 13–35|55,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-auburn-closes-doo/133884624/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Auburn closes door on scrappy Clemson|date=October 24, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 30|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]]<hc>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 10–9|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-and-democrat-sieglers-toe-lif/139416742/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Siegler's toe lifts Clemson|date=October 31, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 6|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]]|L 13–26|45,500|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-north-carolina-pre/139415868/|work=The Commercial Appeal|title=North Carolina prevails on Craven's field goals|date=November 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 13|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 20–14|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-clemson-triumphs/139416878/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Clemson triumphs, can tie for title|date=November 14, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 20|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Textile Bowl|rivalry]])|L 23–31|28,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florence-morning-news-state-stuns-clemso/139417066/|work=Florence Morning News|title=State stuns Clemson, 31–23|date=November 21, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]<ncg>|[[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]]|[[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] ([[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]])|W 17–7|57,242|<ref>{{cite news|title=Savage Tigers Slash Gamecocks Before Record 57,242 Crowd|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Dan Foster|date=November 28, 1971|pages=1A, 2C|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36784667/savage_tigers_slash_gamecocks_before/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1971|poll=AP|timezone=Eastern|time=y|attend=y|source=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=1971 |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |access-date=November 9, 2023 |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |page=2}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} dady8f2v8eidabzqdt9151dk914qkog 884952 884951 2026-07-19T16:09:02Z Aluja 30485 884952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Clemson Tigers ta 1971 kungiya ce ta [[Kwallon ƙafa na Amurka]] wacce ta wakilci Jami'ar Clemson a taron Atlantic Coast (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1971. A kakar wasa ta biyu a karkashin kocin Hootie Ingram, kungiyar ta tara rikodin 5-6 (4-2 a kan abokan adawar taron), ta kammala ta biyu a cikin ACC, kuma an ci ta da jimlar 202 zuwa 155. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=2016 Media Guide |url=https://issuu.com/clemsontigers/docs/2016_guide |access-date=June 23, 2017 |website=clemsontigers.com |publisher=Clemson Athletics |pages=200–208 |format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Schedule and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971-schedule.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kungiyar ta buga wasanninta na gida a filin wasa na Memorial a Clemson, South Carolina . Larry Hefner da John McMakin sun kasance kyaftin din tawagar. Shugabannin ƙididdigar ƙungiyar sun haɗa da mai tsaron gida Tommy Kendrick tare da yadudduka 1,040 masu wucewa, mai gudu Rick Gilstrap tare da yadadduka 514 masu gudu, Don Kelley tare da yaduttuka 505, da John McMakin tare da maki 30 da aka zira (5 touchdowns). <ref>{{Cite web |title=1971 Clemson Tigers Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/clemson/1971.html |access-date=October 4, 2019 |website=SR/College Football |publisher=Sports Reference LLC |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Associated Press ya zaɓi 'yan wasan Clemson guda biyu a matsayin' yan wasan farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta All-Atlantic Coast Conference ta 1971: John McMakin mai tsaron gida, Wayne Baker mai tsaron baya, da Larry Hefner.<ref>{{cite news|title=UNC Places Nine Men On All ACC Team|newspaper=The Asheville (NC) Citizen|date=November 25, 1971|page=54|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/7208333/unc_places_nine_men_on_allacc_team/}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|September 11|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Kentucky Wildcats football team|Kentucky]]<ncg>|[[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]]|[[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]]|L 10–13|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-kirk-kick-in-four/133873797/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Kirk kick in fourth kills Tigers|date=September 12, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|September 25|1:30 p.m.||No. 14 [[1971 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]]<ncg>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Clemson–Georgia football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 0–28|38,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-georgia-wallops-clem/133885601/|work=The Palm Beach Post-Times|title=Georgia wallops Clemson|date=September 26, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 2|2:00 p.m.|at|[[1971 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]]<ncg>|[[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]]|[[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] ([[Clemson–Georgia Tech football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 14–24|50,239|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-mcashan-directs-t/139416332/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=McAshan directs Tech past Clemson, 24–14|date=October 3, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 9|2:00 p.m.|vs|No. 14 [[1971 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]]|[[S.B. Ballard Stadium|Foreman Field]]|[[Norfolk, Virginia|Norfolk, VA]] ([[Oyster Bowl]])|W 3–0|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-press-clemson-stuns-duke-30/139416471/|work=Daily Press|title=Clemson stuns Duke, 3–0|date=October 10, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 16|1:30 p.m.|vs|[[1971 Virginia Cavaliers football team|Virginia]]|[[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]|[[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]] ([[Tobacco Bowl]])|W 35–15|20,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-tigers-on-a-tea/139416588/|work=The Atlanta Journal & Constitution|title=Tigers on a tear, roll over Virginia|date=October 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 23|1:30 p.m.|at|No. 5 [[1971 Auburn Tigers football team|Auburn]]<ncg>|[[Jordan-Hare Stadium|Cliff Hare Stadium]]|[[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn, AL]] ([[Auburn–Clemson football rivalry|rivalry]])|L 13–35|55,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer-auburn-closes-doo/133884624/|work=The Charlotte Observer|title=Auburn closes door on scrappy Clemson|date=October 24, 1971|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|October 30|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]]<hc>|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 10–9|34,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-and-democrat-sieglers-toe-lif/139416742/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Siegler's toe lifts Clemson|date=October 31, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 6|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]]|[[Kenan Memorial Stadium]]|[[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]]|L 13–26|45,500|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-commercial-appeal-north-carolina-pre/139415868/|work=The Commercial Appeal|title=North Carolina prevails on Craven's field goals|date=November 7, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 13|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC|W 20–14|25,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-clemson-triumphs/139416878/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Clemson triumphs, can tie for title|date=November 14, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 20|1:30 p.m.||[[1971 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]]|Memorial Stadium|Clemson, SC ([[Textile Bowl|rivalry]])|L 23–31|28,000|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florence-morning-news-state-stuns-clemso/139417066/|work=Florence Morning News|title=State stuns Clemson, 31–23|date=November 21, 1971|accessdate=January 23, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|November 27|1:30 p.m.|at|[[1971 South Carolina Gamecocks football team|South Carolina]]<ncg>|[[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]]|[[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] ([[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]])|W 17–7|57,242|<ref>{{cite news|title=Savage Tigers Slash Gamecocks Before Record 57,242 Crowd|newspaper=The Greenville News|author=Dan Foster|date=November 28, 1971|pages=1A, 2C|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36784667/savage_tigers_slash_gamecocks_before/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>|rankyear=1971|poll=AP|timezone=Eastern|time=y|attend=y|source=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=1971 |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |access-date=November 9, 2023 |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |page=2}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} mr5pa56zgpq182ky4pyxi3wdewfao5i 0 161881 884953 2026-07-19T16:15:40Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340703145|1970 South Carolina Gamecocks football team]]" 884953 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta South Carolina Gamecocks ta 1970 ta wakilci Jami'ar South Carolina a matsayin memba na Taron Tekun Atlantika (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1970. Kocin shekara biyar Paul Dietzel ne ya jagoranci tawagar kuma ya buga wasannin gida a Filin wasa na Carolina a Columbia, South Carolina . Kudancin Carolina sun yi ƙoƙari su kare taken ACC na 1969, a cikin shekararsu ta ƙarshe a taron, amma an dakatar da su ta hanyar raunin. Gamecocks sun tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 4-6-1 tare da alamar 3-2-1 a wasan taro, sun sanya na huɗu a cikin ACC. Nasarar da aka samu a kan Clemson ta bar babban mai tsaron gida Tommy Suggs tare da rikodin 3-0 a kan Tigers, wanda ya kasance mafi kyawun rikodin da duk wani mai tsaron gidan Gamecock ya samu a cikin kishiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruse |first=Josh |date=November 11, 2011 |title=1970: Suggs finishes with a perfect record against Tigers |url=https://www.thecolumbiastar.com/articles/1970-suggs-finishes-with-a-perfect-record-against-tigers/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=Columbia Star}}</ref> Daraktan wasanni kuma babban kocin kwallon kafa Paul Dietzel ya kuma sanya hannu kan dan wasan baki na farko zuwa tallafin kwallon kafa a shekarar 1970, bayan ya ba da umarnin daukar 'yan wasan baki a duk wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-24 |title=Gamecocks Mourn the Passing of Paul Dietzel |url=https://gamecocksonline.com/news/2013/09/24/gamecocks-mourn-the-passing-of-paul-dietzel/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=University of South Carolina Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 12 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | rank = 17 | opponent = [[1970 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 20–23 | attend = 51,206 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today-jackets-sting-south-caroli/139360858/|work=Florida Today|title=Jackets sting South Carolina|date=September 13, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 19 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1970 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = [[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] | score = 43–7 | attend = 42,219 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-suggs-paces-gamecocks-past-wa/139357168/|work=The Sunday Record|title=Suggs paces Gamecocks past Wake Forest, 43–7|date=September 20, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 26 | w/l = t | away = y | opponent = [[1970 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Carter–Finley Stadium|Carter Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 7–7 | attend = 25,200 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-underdog-wolfpack-gains-7/139360999/|work=Durham Morning Herald|title=Underdog Wolfpack gains 7–7 deadlock with South Carolina|date=September 27, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 3 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team|Virginia Tech]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 24–7 | attend = 41,563 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90579862/young-directs-gamecocks-pat-va-tech/|work=The State|title=Young directs Gamecocks pat Va. Tech|date=October 4, 1970|accessdate=December 14, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 10 | w/l = w | rank = | opponent = [[1970 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | opprank = 18 | site_stadium = [[Kenan Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 35–21 | attend = 47,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-town-talk-south-carolinas-late-rall/139358694/|work=Alexandria Daily Town Talk|title=South Carolina's late rally tops North Carolina, 35–21|date=October 11, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 17 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = [[SECU Stadium|Byrd Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[College Park, Maryland|College Park, MD]] | score = 15–21 | attend = 15,400 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-advertiser-maryland-upsets-sou/139361141/|work=The Daily Advertiser|title=Maryland upsets South Carolina|date=October 18, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 24 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Florida State Seminoles football team|Florida State]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 13–21 | attend = 42,537 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-football-in-florida/139361266/|work=The Palm Beach Post|title=Football in Florida: FSU lone bright spot|date=October 25, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 31 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Sanford Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Athens, Georgia|Athens, GA]] | gamename = [[Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | tv = [[College Football on ABC|ABC]] | score = 34–52 | attend = 57,391 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-gilberts-heroics-lead-ge/133868581/|work=The Clarion-Ledger|title=Gilbert's heroics lead Georgia past SC, 52–34|date=November 1, 1970|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 7 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Tennessee Volunteers football team|Tennessee]] | opprank = 8 | gamename = rivalry | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 18–20 | attend = 42,788 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101321744/last-grasp-tennessee-fg-spoils-sc-upse/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Last-grasp Tennessee FG spoils S.C. upset bid|date=November 8, 1970|accessdate=May 7, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 14 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1970 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 38–42 | attend = 42,454 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-blue-devils-post-4/139360442/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Blue Devils post 42–38 triumph|date=November 15, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 21 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]] | gamename = [[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 38–32 | attend = 50,949 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Nip Tigers 38–32 In Seesaw Clash|newspaper=The Greenville News|date=November 22, 1970|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36709389/gamecocks_nip_tigers_3832_in_seesaw/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |journal=Football Media Guides |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |date=1971 |page=4 |access-date=November 9, 2023 }}</ref> }}|rankyear=1970|poll=AP}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1970 Football Schedule |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/south-carolina/1970.html |access-date=July 14, 2017 |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 73sv3ua04g6boyhvb6nwxznuwdwweam 884955 884953 2026-07-19T16:16:44Z Aluja 30485 884955 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta South Carolina Gamecocks ta 1970 ta wakilci Jami'ar South Carolina a matsayin memba na Taron Tekun Atlantika (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1970. Kocin shekara biyar Paul Dietzel ne ya jagoranci tawagar kuma ya buga wasannin gida a Filin wasa na Carolina a Columbia, South Carolina . Kudancin Carolina sun yi ƙoƙari su kare taken ACC na 1969, a cikin shekararsu ta ƙarshe a taron, amma an dakatar da su ta hanyar raunin. Gamecocks sun tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 4-6-1 tare da alamar 3-2-1 a wasan taro, sun sanya na huɗu a cikin ACC. Nasarar da aka samu a kan Clemson ta bar babban mai tsaron gida Tommy Suggs tare da rikodin 3-0 a kan Tigers, wanda ya kasance mafi kyawun rikodin da duk wani mai tsaron gidan Gamecock ya samu a cikin kishiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruse |first=Josh |date=November 11, 2011 |title=1970: Suggs finishes with a perfect record against Tigers |url=https://www.thecolumbiastar.com/articles/1970-suggs-finishes-with-a-perfect-record-against-tigers/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=Columbia Star}}</ref> Daraktan wasanni kuma babban kocin kwallon kafa Paul Dietzel ya kuma sanya hannu kan dan wasan baki na farko zuwa tallafin kwallon kafa a shekarar 1970, bayan ya ba da umarnin daukar 'yan wasan baki a duk wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-24 |title=Gamecocks Mourn the Passing of Paul Dietzel |url=https://gamecocksonline.com/news/2013/09/24/gamecocks-mourn-the-passing-of-paul-dietzel/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=University of South Carolina Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 12 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | rank = 17 | opponent = [[1970 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 20–23 | attend = 51,206 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today-jackets-sting-south-caroli/139360858/|work=Florida Today|title=Jackets sting South Carolina|date=September 13, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 19 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1970 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = [[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] | score = 43–7 | attend = 42,219 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-suggs-paces-gamecocks-past-wa/139357168/|work=The Sunday Record|title=Suggs paces Gamecocks past Wake Forest, 43–7|date=September 20, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 26 | w/l = t | away = y | opponent = [[1970 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Carter–Finley Stadium|Carter Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 7–7 | attend = 25,200 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-underdog-wolfpack-gains-7/139360999/|work=Durham Morning Herald|title=Underdog Wolfpack gains 7–7 deadlock with South Carolina|date=September 27, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 3 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team|Virginia Tech]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 24–7 | attend = 41,563 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90579862/young-directs-gamecocks-pat-va-tech/|work=The State|title=Young directs Gamecocks pat Va. Tech|date=October 4, 1970|accessdate=December 14, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 10 | w/l = w | rank = | opponent = [[1970 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | opprank = 18 | site_stadium = [[Kenan Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 35–21 | attend = 47,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-town-talk-south-carolinas-late-rall/139358694/|work=Alexandria Daily Town Talk|title=South Carolina's late rally tops North Carolina, 35–21|date=October 11, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 17 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = [[SECU Stadium|Byrd Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[College Park, Maryland|College Park, MD]] | score = 15–21 | attend = 15,400 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-advertiser-maryland-upsets-sou/139361141/|work=The Daily Advertiser|title=Maryland upsets South Carolina|date=October 18, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 24 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Florida State Seminoles football team|Florida State]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 13–21 | attend = 42,537 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-football-in-florida/139361266/|work=The Palm Beach Post|title=Football in Florida: FSU lone bright spot|date=October 25, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 31 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Sanford Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Athens, Georgia|Athens, GA]] | gamename = [[Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | tv = [[College Football on ABC|ABC]] | score = 34–52 | attend = 57,391 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-gilberts-heroics-lead-ge/133868581/|work=The Clarion-Ledger|title=Gilbert's heroics lead Georgia past SC, 52–34|date=November 1, 1970|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 7 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Tennessee Volunteers football team|Tennessee]] | opprank = 8 | gamename = rivalry | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 18–20 | attend = 42,788 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101321744/last-grasp-tennessee-fg-spoils-sc-upse/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Last-grasp Tennessee FG spoils S.C. upset bid|date=November 8, 1970|accessdate=May 7, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 14 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1970 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 38–42 | attend = 42,454 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-blue-devils-post-4/139360442/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Blue Devils post 42–38 triumph|date=November 15, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 21 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]] | gamename = [[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 38–32 | attend = 50,949 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Nip Tigers 38–32 In Seesaw Clash|newspaper=The Greenville News|date=November 22, 1970|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36709389/gamecocks_nip_tigers_3832_in_seesaw/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |journal=Football Media Guides |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |date=1971 |page=4 |access-date=November 9, 2023 }}</ref> }}|rankyear=1970|poll=AP}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1970 Football Schedule |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/south-carolina/1970.html |access-date=July 14, 2017 |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 108ahft5r0a7f5cm20b29vvmuomnc0z 884956 884955 2026-07-19T16:17:20Z Aluja 30485 884956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon kafa ta South Carolina Gamecocks ta 1970 ta wakilci Jami'ar South Carolina a matsayin memba na Taron Tekun Atlantika (ACC) a lokacin kakar wasan kwallon kafa ta Jami'ar NCAA ta 1970. Kocin shekara biyar Paul Dietzel ne ya jagoranci tawagar kuma ya buga wasannin gida a Filin wasa na Carolina a Columbia, South Carolina . Kudancin Carolina sun yi ƙoƙari su kare taken ACC na 1969, a cikin shekararsu ta ƙarshe a taron, amma an dakatar da su ta hanyar raunin. Gamecocks sun tara rikodin gaba ɗaya na 4-6-1 tare da alamar 3-2-1 a wasan taro, sun sanya na huɗu a cikin ACC. Nasarar da aka samu a kan Clemson ta bar babban mai tsaron gida Tommy Suggs tare da rikodin 3-0 a kan Tigers, wanda ya kasance mafi kyawun rikodin da duk wani mai tsaron gidan Gamecock ya samu a cikin kishiya.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cruse |first=Josh |date=November 11, 2011 |title=1970: Suggs finishes with a perfect record against Tigers |url=https://www.thecolumbiastar.com/articles/1970-suggs-finishes-with-a-perfect-record-against-tigers/ |access-date=September 6, 2024 |website=Columbia Star}}</ref> Daraktan wasanni kuma babban kocin kwallon kafa Paul Dietzel ya kuma sanya hannu kan dan wasan baki na farko zuwa tallafin kwallon kafa a shekarar 1970, bayan ya ba da umarnin daukar 'yan wasan baki a duk wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-24 |title=Gamecocks Mourn the Passing of Paul Dietzel |url=https://gamecocksonline.com/news/2013/09/24/gamecocks-mourn-the-passing-of-paul-dietzel/ |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=University of South Carolina Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> == Shirin == {{CFB schedule|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 12 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | rank = 17 | opponent = [[1970 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team|Georgia Tech]] | site_stadium = [[Bobby Dodd Stadium|Grant Field]] | site_cityst = [[Atlanta|Atlanta, GA]] | score = 20–23 | attend = 51,206 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/florida-today-jackets-sting-south-caroli/139360858/|work=Florida Today|title=Jackets sting South Carolina|date=September 13, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 19 | w/l = w | opponent = [[1970 Wake Forest Demon Deacons football team|Wake Forest]] | site_stadium = [[Williams–Brice Stadium|Carolina Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia, SC]] | score = 43–7 | attend = 42,219 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-record-suggs-paces-gamecocks-past-wa/139357168/|work=The Sunday Record|title=Suggs paces Gamecocks past Wake Forest, 43–7|date=September 20, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = September 26 | w/l = t | away = y | opponent = [[1970 NC State Wolfpack football team|NC State]] | site_stadium = [[Carter–Finley Stadium|Carter Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Raleigh, North Carolina|Raleigh, NC]] | score = 7–7 | attend = 25,200 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun-underdog-wolfpack-gains-7/139360999/|work=Durham Morning Herald|title=Underdog Wolfpack gains 7–7 deadlock with South Carolina|date=September 27, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 3 | w/l = w | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team|Virginia Tech]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 24–7 | attend = 41,563 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/90579862/young-directs-gamecocks-pat-va-tech/|work=The State|title=Young directs Gamecocks pat Va. Tech|date=October 4, 1970|accessdate=December 14, 2021|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 10 | w/l = w | rank = | opponent = [[1970 North Carolina Tar Heels football team|North Carolina]] | opprank = 18 | site_stadium = [[Kenan Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill, NC]] | gamename = [[North Carolina–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 35–21 | attend = 47,500 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-town-talk-south-carolinas-late-rall/139358694/|work=Alexandria Daily Town Talk|title=South Carolina's late rally tops North Carolina, 35–21|date=October 11, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 17 | w/l = l | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Maryland Terrapins football team|Maryland]] | site_stadium = [[SECU Stadium|Byrd Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[College Park, Maryland|College Park, MD]] | score = 15–21 | attend = 15,400 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-advertiser-maryland-upsets-sou/139361141/|work=The Daily Advertiser|title=Maryland upsets South Carolina|date=October 18, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 24 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Florida State Seminoles football team|Florida State]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 13–21 | attend = 42,537 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-football-in-florida/139361266/|work=The Palm Beach Post|title=Football in Florida: FSU lone bright spot|date=October 25, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = October 31 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Georgia Bulldogs football team|Georgia]] | site_stadium = [[Sanford Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Athens, Georgia|Athens, GA]] | gamename = [[Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry|rivalry]] | tv = [[College Football on ABC|ABC]] | score = 34–52 | attend = 57,391 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/clarion-ledger-gilberts-heroics-lead-ge/133868581/|work=The Clarion-Ledger|title=Gilbert's heroics lead Georgia past SC, 52–34|date=November 1, 1970|accessdate=October 22, 2023|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 7 | w/l = l | nonconf = y | opponent = [[1970 Tennessee Volunteers football team|Tennessee]] | opprank = 8 | gamename = rivalry | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 18–20 | attend = 42,788 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/101321744/last-grasp-tennessee-fg-spoils-sc-upse/|work=The Times and Democrat|title=Last-grasp Tennessee FG spoils S.C. upset bid|date=November 8, 1970|accessdate=May 7, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 14 | w/l = l | opponent = [[1970 Duke Blue Devils football team|Duke]] | site_stadium = Carolina Stadium | site_cityst = Columbia, SC | score = 38–42 | attend = 42,454 | source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/winston-salem-journal-blue-devils-post-4/139360442/|work=Winston-Salem Journal & Sentinel|title=Blue Devils post 42–38 triumph|date=November 15, 1970|accessdate=January 22, 2024|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> }}|{{CFB schedule entry | date = November 21 | w/l = w | away = y | opponent = [[1970 Clemson Tigers football team|Clemson]] | site_stadium = [[Memorial Stadium (Clemson)|Memorial Stadium]] | site_cityst = [[Clemson, South Carolina|Clemson, SC]] | gamename = [[Clemson–South Carolina rivalry|rivalry]] | score = 38–32 | attend = 50,949 | source = <ref>{{cite news|title=Gamecocks Nip Tigers 38–32 In Seesaw Clash|newspaper=The Greenville News|date=November 22, 1970|page=1|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36709389/gamecocks_nip_tigers_3832_in_seesaw/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Clemson Football Media Guide - 1971 |journal=Football Media Guides |url=https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/fball_media/65/ |publisher=[[Clemson University]] |date=1971 |page=4 |access-date=November 9, 2023 }}</ref> }}|rankyear=1970|poll=AP}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=1970 Football Schedule |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/south-carolina/1970.html |access-date=July 14, 2017 |publisher=Sports Reference LLC}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 2kyupjv1tvivt6zvm7t43u9j8f563mh 0 161882 884962 2026-07-19T16:26:10Z Aluja 30485 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353995981|North Carolina Tar Heels junior varsity basketball]]" 884962 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza a [[jami'a]] North Carolina wani shiri ne na shekaru biyu wanda ya ba wa ɗaliban da ba na ilimi damar ci gaba da aikin kwando a matakin kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=O'Neil: UNC's JV plays for the love of the game |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/columns/story?columnist=oneil_dana&id=3231442 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na ƙungiyar JV sun faru a kowace shekara kafin farkon lokacin kwando a watan Oktoba. An ba 'yan wasa damar yin wasa ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan kuma an ba su damar gwadawa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin mai tafiya. Tare da jarrabawar jiki mai inganci, duk wani dalibi da ya halarci jami'a zai iya gwadawa don ƙungiyar JV. Mataimakin masu horar da 'yan wasa JV ne suka horar da tawagar, wadanda aka ba su damar samun kwarewar horar da su yayin da suke cika ayyukan mataimakin su a matakin 'yan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP: Tar Heels' JV Team Continues Playing In Anonymity - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020115706/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |archive-date=2009-10-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Hubert Davis, kafin ci gaba da shi zuwa babban kocin kungiyar varsity, shi ne babban kocin tawagar JV. Bayan annobar COVID-19 ta rufe wasanni a cikin bazara 2020, ƙungiyar JV ba ta sake yin gasa ba har zuwa kakar 2022-23. Shekarar 2024-25 ita ce kakar karshe ta tawagar JV. == Tarihin shirin == Kungiyar JV ta samo asali ne a matsayin tawagar sabbin 'yan wasa lokacin da ba a yarda da sabbin' yan karatun su yi wasa a shekara ta farko a matsayin dalibi bisa ga dokokin NCAA ba.<ref>[http://www.realsportsheroes.com/?p=115, Article title]{{Dead link|date=March 2025}} NCAA Rules Changes</ref> Bayan canjin dokar NCAA ta 1972 wanda ya sa sabbin dalibai suka cancanci aikin varsity, Jami'ar North Carolina ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙaramar ƙungiyar ta a maimakon ƙungiyar sabbin daliban yayin da yawancin sauran makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suka rushe ƙungiyoyin sabbin dalilan su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site - JV Men's Basketball |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001316/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Don bin yarjejeniyar House v. NCAA, wanda ke iyakance jerin sunayen kwando na NCAA ga 'yan wasa 15, UNC Basketball ta rushe tawagar JV bayan shekaru 53. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title='You're the last of it': Former junior varsity players reflect after team is cut |url=https://dailytarheel.com/article/sports-basketball-preview-mens-jv-basketball-team-eliminated-oct-2025-20251028 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Daily Tar Heel |language=en}}</ref> == Gasa == A cikin shekarunta na baya, ƙungiyar JV ta buga dukkan wasanninta a Cibiyar Dean Smith sa'o'i uku kafin wasan varsity. Shirin ya kunshi tsakanin wasanni 14 zuwa 18 na yau da kullun. Kungiyar JV ta taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin Division II da Division III da kuma ƙananan kwalejoji, Makarantun shirye-shirye, da [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwalejojin al'umma]]. Shirin kwando na maza na UNC shine na karshe a filin taron Atlantic Coast a kungiyar JV. Manyan abokan hamayya ga ƙungiyar JV sune Kwalejin Soja ta Hargrave da Kwalejin Milligan. An buga wasannin ne bisa ga dokokin NCAA, amma babu Gasar NCAA ko gasar gayyatar kasa ga ƙungiyar JV. == Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi == Roy Williams, tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza a Jami'ar North Carolina, ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru takwas yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Dean Smith. Jerod Haase, tsohon kocin kungiyar Kwallon kwando na maza na Stanford Cardinal, ya horar da kungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru uku yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Williams. Phil Ford, mai zira kwallaye na biyu a tarihin Arewacin Carolina, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin tawagar JV. Tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina, Mike Fox, ya buga wa tawagar JV wasa a 1975 da 1976. <ref>http://www.newsobserver.com/front/story/604954.html Mixing hoops with hits{{Dead link|date=November 2025}}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin Tar Heel Doug Wojcik ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin JV. Uku daga cikin masu tafiya na ƙungiyar zakarun kasa ta 2008-09, J. B. Tanner, Jack Wooten, da Patrick Moody (ɗan'uwan Christian Moody), sun kammala karatun shirin JV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moody’s little brother joins Tar Heels’ JV team |url=https://www2.kusports.com/news/2005/oct/22/moodys_little_brother_joins_tar_heels_jv_team/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=KU Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Hubert Davis ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru shida daga 2013-2019 kafin Roy Williams ya yi ritaya ya haifar da ci gaba da Davis zuwa kocin varsity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubert Davis - JV Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/jv-mens-basketball/roster/coaches/hubert-davis/2050 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Marcus Paige ya horar da tawagar a lokacin kakar wasa ta karshe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ "End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season"]. </cite></ref> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} eoy6e7x04d2omx14ykyvxxo0jk62ird 884963 884962 2026-07-19T16:27:37Z Aluja 30485 884963 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza a [[jami'a]] North Carolina wani shiri ne na shekaru biyu wanda ya ba wa ɗaliban da ba na ilimi damar ci gaba da aikin kwando a matakin kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=O'Neil: UNC's JV plays for the love of the game |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/columns/story?columnist=oneil_dana&id=3231442 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na ƙungiyar JV sun faru a kowace shekara kafin farkon lokacin kwando a watan Oktoba. An ba 'yan wasa damar yin wasa ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan kuma an ba su damar gwadawa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin mai tafiya. Tare da jarrabawar jiki mai inganci, duk wani dalibi da ya halarci jami'a zai iya gwadawa don ƙungiyar JV. Mataimakin masu horar da 'yan wasa JV ne suka horar da tawagar, wadanda aka ba su damar samun kwarewar horar da su yayin da suke cika ayyukan mataimakin su a matakin 'yan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP: Tar Heels' JV Team Continues Playing In Anonymity - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020115706/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |archive-date=2009-10-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Hubert Davis, kafin ci gaba da shi zuwa babban kocin kungiyar varsity, shi ne babban kocin tawagar JV. Bayan annobar COVID-19 ta rufe wasanni a cikin bazara 2020, ƙungiyar JV ba ta sake yin gasa ba har zuwa kakar 2022-23. Shekarar 2024-25 ita ce kakar karshe ta tawagar JV. == Tarihin shirin == Kungiyar JV ta samo asali ne a matsayin tawagar sabbin 'yan wasa lokacin da ba a yarda da sabbin' yan karatun su yi wasa a shekara ta farko a matsayin dalibi bisa ga dokokin NCAA ba.<ref>[http://www.realsportsheroes.com/?p=115, Article title]{{Dead link|date=March 2025}} NCAA Rules Changes</ref> Bayan canjin dokar NCAA ta 1972 wanda ya sa sabbin dalibai suka cancanci aikin varsity, Jami'ar North Carolina ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙaramar ƙungiyar ta a maimakon ƙungiyar sabbin daliban yayin da yawancin sauran makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suka rushe ƙungiyoyin sabbin dalilan su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site - JV Men's Basketball |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001316/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Don bin yarjejeniyar House v. NCAA, wanda ke iyakance jerin sunayen kwando na NCAA ga 'yan wasa 15, UNC Basketball ta rushe tawagar JV bayan shekaru 53. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title='You're the last of it': Former junior varsity players reflect after team is cut |url=https://dailytarheel.com/article/sports-basketball-preview-mens-jv-basketball-team-eliminated-oct-2025-20251028 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Daily Tar Heel |language=en}}</ref> == Gasa == A cikin shekarunta na baya, ƙungiyar JV ta buga dukkan wasanninta a Cibiyar Dean Smith sa'o'i uku kafin wasan varsity. Shirin ya kunshi tsakanin wasanni 14 zuwa 18 na yau da kullun. Kungiyar JV ta taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin Division II da Division III da kuma ƙananan kwalejoji, Makarantun shirye-shirye, da [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwalejojin al'umma]]. Shirin kwando na maza na UNC shine na karshe a filin taron Atlantic Coast a kungiyar JV. Manyan abokan hamayya ga ƙungiyar JV sune Kwalejin Soja ta Hargrave da Kwalejin Milligan. An buga wasannin ne bisa ga dokokin NCAA, amma babu Gasar NCAA ko gasar gayyatar kasa ga ƙungiyar JV. == Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi == Roy Williams, tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza a Jami'ar North Carolina, ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru takwas yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Dean Smith. Jerod Haase, tsohon kocin kungiyar Kwallon kwando na maza na Stanford Cardinal, ya horar da kungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru uku yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Williams. Phil Ford, mai zira kwallaye na biyu a tarihin Arewacin Carolina, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin tawagar JV. Tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina, Mike Fox, ya buga wa tawagar JV wasa a 1975 da 1976. <ref>http://www.newsobserver.com/front/story/604954.html Mixing hoops with hits{{Dead link|date=November 2025}}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin Tar Heel Doug Wojcik ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin JV. Uku daga cikin masu tafiya na ƙungiyar zakarun kasa ta 2008-09, J. B. Tanner, Jack Wooten, da Patrick Moody (ɗan'uwan Christian Moody), sun kammala karatun shirin JV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moody’s little brother joins Tar Heels’ JV team |url=https://www2.kusports.com/news/2005/oct/22/moodys_little_brother_joins_tar_heels_jv_team/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=KU Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Hubert Davis ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru shida daga 2013-2019 kafin Roy Williams ya yi ritaya ya haifar da ci gaba da Davis zuwa kocin varsity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubert Davis - JV Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/jv-mens-basketball/roster/coaches/hubert-davis/2050 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Marcus Paige ya horar da tawagar a lokacin kakar wasa ta karshe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} d3y61mjwyz0j4q0yq4mwd94wap9d8aq 884965 884963 2026-07-19T16:28:51Z Aluja 30485 /* Gasa */ 884965 wikitext text/x-wiki Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza a [[jami'a]] North Carolina wani shiri ne na shekaru biyu wanda ya ba wa ɗaliban da ba na ilimi damar ci gaba da aikin kwando a matakin kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=O'Neil: UNC's JV plays for the love of the game |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/columns/story?columnist=oneil_dana&id=3231442 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na ƙungiyar JV sun faru a kowace shekara kafin farkon lokacin kwando a watan Oktoba. An ba 'yan wasa damar yin wasa ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan kuma an ba su damar gwadawa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin mai tafiya. Tare da jarrabawar jiki mai inganci, duk wani dalibi da ya halarci jami'a zai iya gwadawa don ƙungiyar JV. Mataimakin masu horar da 'yan wasa JV ne suka horar da tawagar, wadanda aka ba su damar samun kwarewar horar da su yayin da suke cika ayyukan mataimakin su a matakin 'yan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP: Tar Heels' JV Team Continues Playing In Anonymity - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020115706/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |archive-date=2009-10-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Hubert Davis, kafin ci gaba da shi zuwa babban kocin kungiyar varsity, shi ne babban kocin tawagar JV. Bayan annobar COVID-19 ta rufe wasanni a cikin bazara 2020, ƙungiyar JV ba ta sake yin gasa ba har zuwa kakar 2022-23. Shekarar 2024-25 ita ce kakar karshe ta tawagar JV. == Tarihin shirin == Kungiyar JV ta samo asali ne a matsayin tawagar sabbin 'yan wasa lokacin da ba a yarda da sabbin' yan karatun su yi wasa a shekara ta farko a matsayin dalibi bisa ga dokokin NCAA ba.<ref>[http://www.realsportsheroes.com/?p=115, Article title]{{Dead link|date=March 2025}} NCAA Rules Changes</ref> Bayan canjin dokar NCAA ta 1972 wanda ya sa sabbin dalibai suka cancanci aikin varsity, Jami'ar North Carolina ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙaramar ƙungiyar ta a maimakon ƙungiyar sabbin daliban yayin da yawancin sauran makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suka rushe ƙungiyoyin sabbin dalilan su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site - JV Men's Basketball |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001316/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Don bin yarjejeniyar House v. NCAA, wanda ke iyakance jerin sunayen kwando na NCAA ga 'yan wasa 15, UNC Basketball ta rushe tawagar JV bayan shekaru 53. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title='You're the last of it': Former junior varsity players reflect after team is cut |url=https://dailytarheel.com/article/sports-basketball-preview-mens-jv-basketball-team-eliminated-oct-2025-20251028 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Daily Tar Heel |language=en}}</ref> == Gasa == A cikin shekarunta na baya, ƙungiyar JV ta buga dukkan wasanninta a Cibiyar Dean Smith sa'o'i uku kafin wasan varsity. Shirin ya kunshi tsakanin wasanni 14 zuwa 18 na yau da kullun. Kungiyar JV ta taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin Division II da Division III da kuma ƙananan kwalejoji, Makarantun shirye-shirye, da [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwalejojin al'umma]].<ref>http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935UNC's JV Team the last of its kind {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040608/http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935 |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> Shirin kwando na maza na UNC shine na karshe a filin taron Atlantic Coast a kungiyar JV. Manyan abokan hamayya ga ƙungiyar JV sune Kwalejin Soja ta Hargrave da Kwalejin Milligan. An buga wasannin ne bisa ga dokokin NCAA, amma babu Gasar NCAA ko gasar gayyatar kasa ga ƙungiyar JV. == Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi == Roy Williams, tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza a Jami'ar North Carolina, ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru takwas yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Dean Smith. Jerod Haase, tsohon kocin kungiyar Kwallon kwando na maza na Stanford Cardinal, ya horar da kungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru uku yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Williams. Phil Ford, mai zira kwallaye na biyu a tarihin Arewacin Carolina, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin tawagar JV. Tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina, Mike Fox, ya buga wa tawagar JV wasa a 1975 da 1976. <ref>http://www.newsobserver.com/front/story/604954.html Mixing hoops with hits{{Dead link|date=November 2025}}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin Tar Heel Doug Wojcik ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin JV. Uku daga cikin masu tafiya na ƙungiyar zakarun kasa ta 2008-09, J. B. Tanner, Jack Wooten, da Patrick Moody (ɗan'uwan Christian Moody), sun kammala karatun shirin JV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moody’s little brother joins Tar Heels’ JV team |url=https://www2.kusports.com/news/2005/oct/22/moodys_little_brother_joins_tar_heels_jv_team/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=KU Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Hubert Davis ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru shida daga 2013-2019 kafin Roy Williams ya yi ritaya ya haifar da ci gaba da Davis zuwa kocin varsity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubert Davis - JV Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/jv-mens-basketball/roster/coaches/hubert-davis/2050 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Marcus Paige ya horar da tawagar a lokacin kakar wasa ta karshe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} 0qpxds93k1l4fy60d97k4qlcche0bgf 884966 884965 2026-07-19T16:29:09Z Aluja 30485 884966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza a [[jami'a]] North Carolina wani shiri ne na shekaru biyu wanda ya ba wa ɗaliban da ba na ilimi damar ci gaba da aikin kwando a matakin kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=O'Neil: UNC's JV plays for the love of the game |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/columns/story?columnist=oneil_dana&id=3231442 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na ƙungiyar JV sun faru a kowace shekara kafin farkon lokacin kwando a watan Oktoba. An ba 'yan wasa damar yin wasa ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan kuma an ba su damar gwadawa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin mai tafiya. Tare da jarrabawar jiki mai inganci, duk wani dalibi da ya halarci jami'a zai iya gwadawa don ƙungiyar JV. Mataimakin masu horar da 'yan wasa JV ne suka horar da tawagar, wadanda aka ba su damar samun kwarewar horar da su yayin da suke cika ayyukan mataimakin su a matakin 'yan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP: Tar Heels' JV Team Continues Playing In Anonymity - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020115706/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |archive-date=2009-10-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Hubert Davis, kafin ci gaba da shi zuwa babban kocin kungiyar varsity, shi ne babban kocin tawagar JV. Bayan annobar COVID-19 ta rufe wasanni a cikin bazara 2020, ƙungiyar JV ba ta sake yin gasa ba har zuwa kakar 2022-23. Shekarar 2024-25 ita ce kakar karshe ta tawagar JV. == Tarihin shirin == Kungiyar JV ta samo asali ne a matsayin tawagar sabbin 'yan wasa lokacin da ba a yarda da sabbin' yan karatun su yi wasa a shekara ta farko a matsayin dalibi bisa ga dokokin NCAA ba.<ref>[http://www.realsportsheroes.com/?p=115, Article title]{{Dead link|date=March 2025}} NCAA Rules Changes</ref> Bayan canjin dokar NCAA ta 1972 wanda ya sa sabbin dalibai suka cancanci aikin varsity, Jami'ar North Carolina ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙaramar ƙungiyar ta a maimakon ƙungiyar sabbin daliban yayin da yawancin sauran makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suka rushe ƙungiyoyin sabbin dalilan su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site - JV Men's Basketball |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001316/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Don bin yarjejeniyar House v. NCAA, wanda ke iyakance jerin sunayen kwando na NCAA ga 'yan wasa 15, UNC Basketball ta rushe tawagar JV bayan shekaru 53. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title='You're the last of it': Former junior varsity players reflect after team is cut |url=https://dailytarheel.com/article/sports-basketball-preview-mens-jv-basketball-team-eliminated-oct-2025-20251028 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Daily Tar Heel |language=en}}</ref> == Gasa == A cikin shekarunta na baya, ƙungiyar JV ta buga dukkan wasanninta a Cibiyar Dean Smith sa'o'i uku kafin wasan varsity. Shirin ya kunshi tsakanin wasanni 14 zuwa 18 na yau da kullun. Kungiyar JV ta taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin Division II da Division III da kuma ƙananan kwalejoji, Makarantun shirye-shirye, da [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwalejojin al'umma]].<ref>http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935UNC's JV Team the last of its kind {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040608/http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935 |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> Shirin kwando na maza na UNC shine na karshe a filin taron Atlantic Coast a kungiyar JV. Manyan abokan hamayya ga ƙungiyar JV sune Kwalejin Soja ta Hargrave da Kwalejin Milligan. An buga wasannin ne bisa ga dokokin NCAA, amma babu Gasar NCAA ko gasar gayyatar kasa ga ƙungiyar JV. == Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi == Roy Williams, tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza a Jami'ar North Carolina, ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru takwas yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Dean Smith. Jerod Haase, tsohon kocin kungiyar Kwallon kwando na maza na Stanford Cardinal, ya horar da kungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru uku yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Williams. Phil Ford, mai zira kwallaye na biyu a tarihin Arewacin Carolina, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin tawagar JV. Tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina, Mike Fox, ya buga wa tawagar JV wasa a 1975 da 1976. <ref>http://www.newsobserver.com/front/story/604954.html Mixing hoops with hits{{Dead link|date=November 2025}}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin Tar Heel Doug Wojcik ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin JV. Uku daga cikin masu tafiya na ƙungiyar zakarun kasa ta 2008-09, J. B. Tanner, Jack Wooten, da Patrick Moody (ɗan'uwan Christian Moody), sun kammala karatun shirin JV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moody’s little brother joins Tar Heels’ JV team |url=https://www2.kusports.com/news/2005/oct/22/moodys_little_brother_joins_tar_heels_jv_team/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=KU Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Hubert Davis ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru shida daga 2013-2019 kafin Roy Williams ya yi ritaya ya haifar da ci gaba da Davis zuwa kocin varsity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubert Davis - JV Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/jv-mens-basketball/roster/coaches/hubert-davis/2050 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Marcus Paige ya horar da tawagar a lokacin kakar wasa ta karshe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} 87j0rvhoyvp5lcgxhjqb276l1j7csie 884967 884966 2026-07-19T16:31:16Z Aluja 30485 /* Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi */ 884967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza a [[jami'a]] North Carolina wani shiri ne na shekaru biyu wanda ya ba wa ɗaliban da ba na ilimi damar ci gaba da aikin kwando a matakin kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=O'Neil: UNC's JV plays for the love of the game |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/columns/story?columnist=oneil_dana&id=3231442 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na ƙungiyar JV sun faru a kowace shekara kafin farkon lokacin kwando a watan Oktoba. An ba 'yan wasa damar yin wasa ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan kuma an ba su damar gwadawa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin mai tafiya. Tare da jarrabawar jiki mai inganci, duk wani dalibi da ya halarci jami'a zai iya gwadawa don ƙungiyar JV. Mataimakin masu horar da 'yan wasa JV ne suka horar da tawagar, wadanda aka ba su damar samun kwarewar horar da su yayin da suke cika ayyukan mataimakin su a matakin 'yan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP: Tar Heels' JV Team Continues Playing In Anonymity - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020115706/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |archive-date=2009-10-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Hubert Davis, kafin ci gaba da shi zuwa babban kocin kungiyar varsity, shi ne babban kocin tawagar JV. Bayan annobar COVID-19 ta rufe wasanni a cikin bazara 2020, ƙungiyar JV ba ta sake yin gasa ba har zuwa kakar 2022-23. Shekarar 2024-25 ita ce kakar karshe ta tawagar JV. == Tarihin shirin == Kungiyar JV ta samo asali ne a matsayin tawagar sabbin 'yan wasa lokacin da ba a yarda da sabbin' yan karatun su yi wasa a shekara ta farko a matsayin dalibi bisa ga dokokin NCAA ba.<ref>[http://www.realsportsheroes.com/?p=115, Article title]{{Dead link|date=March 2025}} NCAA Rules Changes</ref> Bayan canjin dokar NCAA ta 1972 wanda ya sa sabbin dalibai suka cancanci aikin varsity, Jami'ar North Carolina ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙaramar ƙungiyar ta a maimakon ƙungiyar sabbin daliban yayin da yawancin sauran makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suka rushe ƙungiyoyin sabbin dalilan su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site - JV Men's Basketball |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001316/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Don bin yarjejeniyar House v. NCAA, wanda ke iyakance jerin sunayen kwando na NCAA ga 'yan wasa 15, UNC Basketball ta rushe tawagar JV bayan shekaru 53. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title='You're the last of it': Former junior varsity players reflect after team is cut |url=https://dailytarheel.com/article/sports-basketball-preview-mens-jv-basketball-team-eliminated-oct-2025-20251028 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Daily Tar Heel |language=en}}</ref> == Gasa == A cikin shekarunta na baya, ƙungiyar JV ta buga dukkan wasanninta a Cibiyar Dean Smith sa'o'i uku kafin wasan varsity. Shirin ya kunshi tsakanin wasanni 14 zuwa 18 na yau da kullun. Kungiyar JV ta taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin Division II da Division III da kuma ƙananan kwalejoji, Makarantun shirye-shirye, da [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwalejojin al'umma]].<ref>http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935UNC's JV Team the last of its kind {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040608/http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935 |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> Shirin kwando na maza na UNC shine na karshe a filin taron Atlantic Coast a kungiyar JV. Manyan abokan hamayya ga ƙungiyar JV sune Kwalejin Soja ta Hargrave da Kwalejin Milligan. An buga wasannin ne bisa ga dokokin NCAA, amma babu Gasar NCAA ko gasar gayyatar kasa ga ƙungiyar JV. == Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi == Roy Williams, tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza a Jami'ar North Carolina, ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru takwas yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Dean Smith. Jerod Haase, tsohon kocin kungiyar Kwallon kwando na maza na Stanford Cardinal, ya horar da kungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru uku yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Williams. Phil Ford, mai zira kwallaye na biyu a tarihin Arewacin Carolina, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin tawagar JV. Tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina, Mike Fox, ya buga wa tawagar JV wasa a 1975 da 1976. <ref>http://www.newsobserver.com/front/story/604954.html Mixing hoops with hits{{Dead link|date=November 2025}}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin Tar Heel Doug Wojcik ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin JV.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E0DD123FF93AA15750C0A9639C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=8&sq=UNC%20JV%20Basketball&st=cse|title=A Spartan Helped Join Them and Has to Try to Beat Them (Published 2005)|work=The New York Times |date=29 March 2005|last1=Thamel |first1=Pete }}</ref> Uku daga cikin masu tafiya na ƙungiyar zakarun kasa ta 2008-09, J. B. Tanner, Jack Wooten, da Patrick Moody (ɗan'uwan Christian Moody), sun kammala karatun shirin JV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moody’s little brother joins Tar Heels’ JV team |url=https://www2.kusports.com/news/2005/oct/22/moodys_little_brother_joins_tar_heels_jv_team/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=KU Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Hubert Davis ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru shida daga 2013-2019 kafin Roy Williams ya yi ritaya ya haifar da ci gaba da Davis zuwa kocin varsity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubert Davis - JV Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/jv-mens-basketball/roster/coaches/hubert-davis/2050 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Marcus Paige ya horar da tawagar a lokacin kakar wasa ta karshe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Bayanai == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} 2sv3zxh6nxr7yj0ouhaoitx5upq7mg6 884968 884967 2026-07-19T16:31:41Z Aluja 30485 /* Bayanai */ 884968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} Kungiyar kwallon [[Kwallon kwando|Kwando]] ta maza a [[jami'a]] North Carolina wani shiri ne na shekaru biyu wanda ya ba wa ɗaliban da ba na ilimi damar ci gaba da aikin kwando a matakin kwaleji.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-02-06 |title=O'Neil: UNC's JV plays for the love of the game |url=https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/columns/story?columnist=oneil_dana&id=3231442 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ESPN.com |language=en}}</ref> Gwaje-gwaje na ƙungiyar JV sun faru a kowace shekara kafin farkon lokacin kwando a watan Oktoba. An ba 'yan wasa damar yin wasa ne kawai a cikin ƙungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru biyu sannan kuma an ba su damar gwadawa ga ƙungiyar varsity a matsayin mai tafiya. Tare da jarrabawar jiki mai inganci, duk wani dalibi da ya halarci jami'a zai iya gwadawa don ƙungiyar JV. Mataimakin masu horar da 'yan wasa JV ne suka horar da tawagar, wadanda aka ba su damar samun kwarewar horar da su yayin da suke cika ayyukan mataimakin su a matakin 'yan wasan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=AP: Tar Heels' JV Team Continues Playing In Anonymity - NORTH CAROLINA OFFICIAL ATHLETIC SITE |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020115706/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/spec-rel/022709aab.html |archive-date=2009-10-20 |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Hubert Davis, kafin ci gaba da shi zuwa babban kocin kungiyar varsity, shi ne babban kocin tawagar JV. Bayan annobar COVID-19 ta rufe wasanni a cikin bazara 2020, ƙungiyar JV ba ta sake yin gasa ba har zuwa kakar 2022-23. Shekarar 2024-25 ita ce kakar karshe ta tawagar JV. == Tarihin shirin == Kungiyar JV ta samo asali ne a matsayin tawagar sabbin 'yan wasa lokacin da ba a yarda da sabbin' yan karatun su yi wasa a shekara ta farko a matsayin dalibi bisa ga dokokin NCAA ba.<ref>[http://www.realsportsheroes.com/?p=115, Article title]{{Dead link|date=March 2025}} NCAA Rules Changes</ref> Bayan canjin dokar NCAA ta 1972 wanda ya sa sabbin dalibai suka cancanci aikin varsity, Jami'ar North Carolina ta kafa ƙungiyar ƙaramar ƙungiyar ta a maimakon ƙungiyar sabbin daliban yayin da yawancin sauran makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suka rushe ƙungiyoyin sabbin dalilan su.<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of North Carolina Tar Heels Official Athletic Site - JV Men's Basketball |url=http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928001316/http://tarheelblue.cstv.com/sports/m-baskbl-jv/unc-m-baskbl-jv-body.html |archive-date=2011-09-28 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=tarheelblue.cstv.com |language=en}}</ref> Don bin yarjejeniyar House v. NCAA, wanda ke iyakance jerin sunayen kwando na NCAA ga 'yan wasa 15, UNC Basketball ta rushe tawagar JV bayan shekaru 53. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-28 |title='You're the last of it': Former junior varsity players reflect after team is cut |url=https://dailytarheel.com/article/sports-basketball-preview-mens-jv-basketball-team-eliminated-oct-2025-20251028 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=Daily Tar Heel |language=en}}</ref> == Gasa == A cikin shekarunta na baya, ƙungiyar JV ta buga dukkan wasanninta a Cibiyar Dean Smith sa'o'i uku kafin wasan varsity. Shirin ya kunshi tsakanin wasanni 14 zuwa 18 na yau da kullun. Kungiyar JV ta taka leda a kungiyoyin yankin Division II da Division III da kuma ƙananan kwalejoji, Makarantun shirye-shirye, da [[Kwalejin Al'umma|kwalejojin al'umma]].<ref>http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935UNC's JV Team the last of its kind {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040608/http://www.fayobserver.com/article?id=319935 |date=2017-12-01 }}</ref> Shirin kwando na maza na UNC shine na karshe a filin taron Atlantic Coast a kungiyar JV. Manyan abokan hamayya ga ƙungiyar JV sune Kwalejin Soja ta Hargrave da Kwalejin Milligan. An buga wasannin ne bisa ga dokokin NCAA, amma babu Gasar NCAA ko gasar gayyatar kasa ga ƙungiyar JV. == Shahararrun masu horar da tsofaffi == Roy Williams, tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta maza a Jami'ar North Carolina, ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru takwas yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Dean Smith. Jerod Haase, tsohon kocin kungiyar Kwallon kwando na maza na Stanford Cardinal, ya horar da kungiyar JV na tsawon shekaru uku yayin da yake aiki a matsayin mataimakin Williams. Phil Ford, mai zira kwallaye na biyu a tarihin Arewacin Carolina, ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin tawagar JV. Tsohon kocin kungiyar kwallon kwando ta Tar Heels ta Arewacin Carolina, Mike Fox, ya buga wa tawagar JV wasa a 1975 da 1976. <ref>http://www.newsobserver.com/front/story/604954.html Mixing hoops with hits{{Dead link|date=November 2025}}</ref> Tsohon mataimakin Tar Heel Doug Wojcik ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin kocin JV.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E0DD123FF93AA15750C0A9639C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=8&sq=UNC%20JV%20Basketball&st=cse|title=A Spartan Helped Join Them and Has to Try to Beat Them (Published 2005)|work=The New York Times |date=29 March 2005|last1=Thamel |first1=Pete }}</ref> Uku daga cikin masu tafiya na ƙungiyar zakarun kasa ta 2008-09, J. B. Tanner, Jack Wooten, da Patrick Moody (ɗan'uwan Christian Moody), sun kammala karatun shirin JV.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Moody’s little brother joins Tar Heels’ JV team |url=https://www2.kusports.com/news/2005/oct/22/moodys_little_brother_joins_tar_heels_jv_team/ |access-date=2025-11-10 |website=KU Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Hubert Davis ya horar da tawagar JV na tsawon shekaru shida daga 2013-2019 kafin Roy Williams ya yi ritaya ya haifar da ci gaba da Davis zuwa kocin varsity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hubert Davis - JV Men's Basketball Coach |url=https://goheels.com/sports/jv-mens-basketball/roster/coaches/hubert-davis/2050 |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=University of North Carolina Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Marcus Paige ya horar da tawagar a lokacin kakar wasa ta karshe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=End of an Era? UNC JV Basketball Concludes Likely Final Season |url=https://247sports.com/college/north-carolina/article/unc-jv-basketball-concludes-what-could-be-final-season-246128965/ |access-date=2025-11-09 |website=247Sports |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * {{Official website}} ce5bw8257v8xvnx76mord7hpmhx65qd 2 161883 884994 2026-07-19T17:55:19Z Fatima9212 47117 Brief introduction 884994 wikitext text/x-wiki Sunana Fatima ni ’yar Nigeria ce. Na bude Wikipedia a ranar 19 ga watan Yuly, 2026. Zan bada gudummawa sosai a Wikipedia, Nagode. ix3qx4w1mvcf9egi7fdrbou9za8fu2s 0 161884 884995 2026-07-19T18:23:18Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353794708|Heimo Schwilk]]" 884995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:HeimoSchwilk.jpg|thumb|Heimo Schwilk a cikin 2008]] '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da Heimo Schwilk''' (an haife shi a 23 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan jaridar Jamus ne kuma marubuci. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Heimo Schwilk a [[Stuttgart]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci, mai aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga ''Welt ne Sonntag'' . <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last3=Roger Woods}}</ref> Tare da Ulrich Schacht [de], Schwilk ya hada da tarihin Die selbstbewusste Nation [de] (1994), wanda aka karɓa a matsayin wani abu daga ''Neue Rechte'', wanda za'a iya ɗaukar Schwilk a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dacewa. Roger Woods ya rubuta cewa ra'ayoyin siyasa na Schwilk suna bayyane a cikin aikin jarida, inda ya "rubuce game da faduwar al'umma zuwa son kai da rikici, da kuma yiwuwar sake farfado da al'umma bisa ga ra'ayoyi na girmamawa, aiki da sadaukarwa".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last3=Roger Woods}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWoods2007">[[Roger Woods|Woods, Roger]] (2007). ''Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics''. Palgrave Macmillan. p.&nbsp;149. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-230-50672-5|<bdi>978-0-230-50672-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Schwilk ya wallafa tarihin [[Ernst Jünger|Ernst Jünger ">Ernst Jünger]] a cikin 2007, Ernst Jü Unger . Ein Jahrhundertleben. Ya mutu Biografie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tihanov |first=Galin |year=2010 |title=Ernst Jünger: Ein Jahrhundertleben. Die Biografie by Heimo Schwilk (review) |journal=[[Modern Language Review]] |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=284-285 |doi=10.1353/mlr.2010.0284}}</ref> A cikin 2012 ya wallafa wani littafi game da [[Hermann Hesse|Hermann Hesse ">Hermann Hesse]], Hermann Hess . ''Das Leben na Glasperlenspielers'' . == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Ernst Jünger Leben und Werk a cikin Bildern und Texten'', Klett-Cotta 1988 * ''Da Echo der Bilder. Ernst Jünger zu Ehren'', Klett-Cotta 1990 * ''Wendezeit - Zeitenwende. Beiträge zur Literatur der achtziger Jahre'', Bouvier 1991 * ''Ya kasance mutum ne wanda ba a yi ba. Der Golfkrieg a cikin der Zensur'', Ullstein 1991 * Ka mutu a matsayin Al'umma. An An An An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Bocksgesang, kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin Deutschen Debatte, Ullstein 1994 * ''Magie der Heiterkeit. Ernst Jünger zum Hundertsten'', Klett-Cotta 1995 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * Herausgeber der Reihe Dichter sehen ihre Stadt u. a. m. Walter Kempowski, Jürgen Hultenreich, Ulrich Schacht, Ullstein 1994 * Für eine Berliner Republik. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka samo asali ne a lokacin da ba a san shi ba * ''Hans-Georg Gadamer. Falsafa a cikin rikicin zamani'', Herrenhaus 2000 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * ''Ya yi farin ciki. Passaggi a cikin fuoco da ghiaccio'', Herrenhaus 2001 * ''Die Stadt der Kinder'', Littafin da ake buƙata 2003 * [Hasiya] * Ernst Jünger Ein Jahrhundertleben. [Hasiya] * An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * ''Ernst Jünger: Feldpostbriefe an die Familie 1915-1918'', Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-608-93950-7</nowiki>. * Rilke und die Frauen. Biografie eines Liebenden, Piper 2015, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-492-05637-3</nowiki>. * Luther Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * [I] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] k9yqg9j8r5n5p7c3e07gmobyvnqtwg1 884996 884995 2026-07-19T18:24:14Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 884996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:HeimoSchwilk.jpg|thumb|Heimo Schwilk a cikin 2008]] '''Heimo Schwilk''' (an haife shi a 23 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan jaridar Jamus ne kuma marubuci. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Heimo Schwilk a [[Stuttgart]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci, mai aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga ''Welt ne Sonntag'' . <ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last3=Roger Woods}}</ref> Tare da Ulrich Schacht [de], Schwilk ya hada da tarihin Die selbstbewusste Nation [de] (1994), wanda aka karɓa a matsayin wani abu daga ''Neue Rechte'', wanda za'a iya ɗaukar Schwilk a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dacewa. Roger Woods ya rubuta cewa ra'ayoyin siyasa na Schwilk suna bayyane a cikin aikin jarida, inda ya "rubuce game da faduwar al'umma zuwa son kai da rikici, da kuma yiwuwar sake farfado da al'umma bisa ga ra'ayoyi na girmamawa, aiki da sadaukarwa".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last3=Roger Woods}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWoods2007">[[Roger Woods|Woods, Roger]] (2007). ''Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics''. Palgrave Macmillan. p.&nbsp;149. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-230-50672-5|<bdi>978-0-230-50672-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Schwilk ya wallafa tarihin [[Ernst Jünger|Ernst Jünger ">Ernst Jünger]] a cikin 2007, Ernst Jü Unger . Ein Jahrhundertleben. Ya mutu Biografie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tihanov |first=Galin |year=2010 |title=Ernst Jünger: Ein Jahrhundertleben. Die Biografie by Heimo Schwilk (review) |journal=[[Modern Language Review]] |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=284-285 |doi=10.1353/mlr.2010.0284}}</ref> A cikin 2012 ya wallafa wani littafi game da [[Hermann Hesse|Hermann Hesse ">Hermann Hesse]], Hermann Hess . ''Das Leben na Glasperlenspielers'' . == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Ernst Jünger Leben und Werk a cikin Bildern und Texten'', Klett-Cotta 1988 * ''Da Echo der Bilder. Ernst Jünger zu Ehren'', Klett-Cotta 1990 * ''Wendezeit - Zeitenwende. Beiträge zur Literatur der achtziger Jahre'', Bouvier 1991 * ''Ya kasance mutum ne wanda ba a yi ba. Der Golfkrieg a cikin der Zensur'', Ullstein 1991 * Ka mutu a matsayin Al'umma. An An An An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Bocksgesang, kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin Deutschen Debatte, Ullstein 1994 * ''Magie der Heiterkeit. Ernst Jünger zum Hundertsten'', Klett-Cotta 1995 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * Herausgeber der Reihe Dichter sehen ihre Stadt u. a. m. Walter Kempowski, Jürgen Hultenreich, Ulrich Schacht, Ullstein 1994 * Für eine Berliner Republik. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka samo asali ne a lokacin da ba a san shi ba * ''Hans-Georg Gadamer. Falsafa a cikin rikicin zamani'', Herrenhaus 2000 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * ''Ya yi farin ciki. Passaggi a cikin fuoco da ghiaccio'', Herrenhaus 2001 * ''Die Stadt der Kinder'', Littafin da ake buƙata 2003 * [Hasiya] * Ernst Jünger Ein Jahrhundertleben. [Hasiya] * An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * ''Ernst Jünger: Feldpostbriefe an die Familie 1915-1918'', Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-608-93950-7</nowiki>. * Rilke und die Frauen. Biografie eines Liebenden, Piper 2015, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-492-05637-3</nowiki>. * Luther Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * [I] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] luqlp2icq6pcfdryg143quztmtzvi2z 884997 884996 2026-07-19T18:25:30Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 884997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:HeimoSchwilk.jpg|thumb|Heimo Schwilk a cikin 2008]] '''Heimo Schwilk''' (an haife shi a 23 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan jaridar Jamus ne kuma marubuci. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Heimo Schwilk a [[Stuttgart]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci, mai aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga ''Welt ne Sonntag'' . <ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Woods |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Woods |year=2007 |title=Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics |location= |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=149 |isbn=978-0-230-50672-5 }}</ref> Tare da Ulrich Schacht [de], Schwilk ya hada da tarihin Die selbstbewusste Nation [de] (1994), wanda aka karɓa a matsayin wani abu daga ''Neue Rechte'', wanda za'a iya ɗaukar Schwilk a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dacewa. Roger Woods ya rubuta cewa ra'ayoyin siyasa na Schwilk suna bayyane a cikin aikin jarida, inda ya "rubuce game da faduwar al'umma zuwa son kai da rikici, da kuma yiwuwar sake farfado da al'umma bisa ga ra'ayoyi na girmamawa, aiki da sadaukarwa".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last3=Roger Woods}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWoods2007">[[Roger Woods|Woods, Roger]] (2007). ''Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics''. Palgrave Macmillan. p.&nbsp;149. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-230-50672-5|<bdi>978-0-230-50672-5</bdi>]].</cite></ref> Schwilk ya wallafa tarihin [[Ernst Jünger|Ernst Jünger ">Ernst Jünger]] a cikin 2007, Ernst Jü Unger . Ein Jahrhundertleben. Ya mutu Biografie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tihanov |first=Galin |year=2010 |title=Ernst Jünger: Ein Jahrhundertleben. Die Biografie by Heimo Schwilk (review) |journal=[[Modern Language Review]] |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=284-285 |doi=10.1353/mlr.2010.0284}}</ref> A cikin 2012 ya wallafa wani littafi game da [[Hermann Hesse|Hermann Hesse ">Hermann Hesse]], Hermann Hess . ''Das Leben na Glasperlenspielers'' . == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Ernst Jünger Leben und Werk a cikin Bildern und Texten'', Klett-Cotta 1988 * ''Da Echo der Bilder. Ernst Jünger zu Ehren'', Klett-Cotta 1990 * ''Wendezeit - Zeitenwende. Beiträge zur Literatur der achtziger Jahre'', Bouvier 1991 * ''Ya kasance mutum ne wanda ba a yi ba. Der Golfkrieg a cikin der Zensur'', Ullstein 1991 * Ka mutu a matsayin Al'umma. An An An An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Bocksgesang, kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin Deutschen Debatte, Ullstein 1994 * ''Magie der Heiterkeit. Ernst Jünger zum Hundertsten'', Klett-Cotta 1995 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * Herausgeber der Reihe Dichter sehen ihre Stadt u. a. m. Walter Kempowski, Jürgen Hultenreich, Ulrich Schacht, Ullstein 1994 * Für eine Berliner Republik. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka samo asali ne a lokacin da ba a san shi ba * ''Hans-Georg Gadamer. Falsafa a cikin rikicin zamani'', Herrenhaus 2000 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * ''Ya yi farin ciki. Passaggi a cikin fuoco da ghiaccio'', Herrenhaus 2001 * ''Die Stadt der Kinder'', Littafin da ake buƙata 2003 * [Hasiya] * Ernst Jünger Ein Jahrhundertleben. [Hasiya] * An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * ''Ernst Jünger: Feldpostbriefe an die Familie 1915-1918'', Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-608-93950-7</nowiki>. * Rilke und die Frauen. Biografie eines Liebenden, Piper 2015, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-492-05637-3</nowiki>. * Luther Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * [I] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] 5cxs8ibpqxt7bu7ioa4qo99rr5x61xg 884998 884997 2026-07-19T18:26:11Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 884998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:HeimoSchwilk.jpg|thumb|Heimo Schwilk a cikin 2008]] '''Heimo Schwilk''' (an haife shi a 23 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan jaridar Jamus ne kuma marubuci. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Heimo Schwilk a [[Stuttgart]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci, mai aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga ''Welt ne Sonntag'' . <ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Woods |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Woods |year=2007 |title=Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics |location= |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=149 |isbn=978-0-230-50672-5 }}</ref> Tare da Ulrich Schacht [de], Schwilk ya hada da tarihin Die selbstbewusste Nation [de] (1994), wanda aka karɓa a matsayin wani abu daga ''Neue Rechte'', wanda za'a iya ɗaukar Schwilk a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dacewa. Roger Woods ya rubuta cewa ra'ayoyin siyasa na Schwilk suna bayyane a cikin aikin jarida, inda ya "rubuce game da faduwar al'umma zuwa son kai da rikici, da kuma yiwuwar sake farfado da al'umma bisa ga ra'ayoyi na girmamawa, aiki da sadaukarwa".<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last3=Roger Woods}}</ref> Schwilk ya wallafa tarihin [[Ernst Jünger|Ernst Jünger ">Ernst Jünger]] a cikin 2007, Ernst Jü Unger . Ein Jahrhundertleben. Ya mutu Biografie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tihanov |first=Galin |year=2010 |title=Ernst Jünger: Ein Jahrhundertleben. Die Biografie by Heimo Schwilk (review) |journal=[[Modern Language Review]] |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=284-285 |doi=10.1353/mlr.2010.0284}}</ref> A cikin 2012 ya wallafa wani littafi game da [[Hermann Hesse|Hermann Hesse ">Hermann Hesse]], Hermann Hess . ''Das Leben na Glasperlenspielers'' . == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Ernst Jünger Leben und Werk a cikin Bildern und Texten'', Klett-Cotta 1988 * ''Da Echo der Bilder. Ernst Jünger zu Ehren'', Klett-Cotta 1990 * ''Wendezeit - Zeitenwende. Beiträge zur Literatur der achtziger Jahre'', Bouvier 1991 * ''Ya kasance mutum ne wanda ba a yi ba. Der Golfkrieg a cikin der Zensur'', Ullstein 1991 * Ka mutu a matsayin Al'umma. An An An An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Bocksgesang, kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin Deutschen Debatte, Ullstein 1994 * ''Magie der Heiterkeit. Ernst Jünger zum Hundertsten'', Klett-Cotta 1995 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * Herausgeber der Reihe Dichter sehen ihre Stadt u. a. m. Walter Kempowski, Jürgen Hultenreich, Ulrich Schacht, Ullstein 1994 * Für eine Berliner Republik. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka samo asali ne a lokacin da ba a san shi ba * ''Hans-Georg Gadamer. Falsafa a cikin rikicin zamani'', Herrenhaus 2000 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * ''Ya yi farin ciki. Passaggi a cikin fuoco da ghiaccio'', Herrenhaus 2001 * ''Die Stadt der Kinder'', Littafin da ake buƙata 2003 * [Hasiya] * Ernst Jünger Ein Jahrhundertleben. [Hasiya] * An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * ''Ernst Jünger: Feldpostbriefe an die Familie 1915-1918'', Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-608-93950-7</nowiki>. * Rilke und die Frauen. Biografie eines Liebenden, Piper 2015, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-492-05637-3</nowiki>. * Luther Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * [I] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] fansqfz80xkz1vcfmeuq2lcpanylghl 884999 884998 2026-07-19T18:26:57Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 884999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:HeimoSchwilk.jpg|thumb|Heimo Schwilk a cikin 2008]] '''Heimo Schwilk''' (an haife shi a 23 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan jaridar Jamus ne kuma marubuci. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Heimo Schwilk a [[Stuttgart]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci, mai aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga ''Welt ne Sonntag'' . <ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Woods |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Woods |year=2007 |title=Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics |location= |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=149 |isbn=978-0-230-50672-5 }}</ref> Tare da Ulrich Schacht [de], Schwilk ya hada da tarihin Die selbstbewusste Nation [de] (1994), wanda aka karɓa a matsayin wani abu daga ''Neue Rechte'', wanda za'a iya ɗaukar Schwilk a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dacewa. Roger Woods ya rubuta cewa ra'ayoyin siyasa na Schwilk suna bayyane a cikin aikin jarida, inda ya "rubuce game da faduwar al'umma zuwa son kai da rikici, da kuma yiwuwar sake farfado da al'umma bisa ga ra'ayoyi na girmamawa, aiki da sadaukarwa". Schwilk ya wallafa tarihin [[Ernst Jünger|Ernst Jünger ">Ernst Jünger]] a cikin 2007, Ernst Jü Unger . Ein Jahrhundertleben. Ya mutu Biografie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tihanov |first=Galin |year=2010 |title=Ernst Jünger: Ein Jahrhundertleben. Die Biografie by Heimo Schwilk (review) |journal=[[Modern Language Review]] |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=284-285 |doi=10.1353/mlr.2010.0284}}</ref> A cikin 2012 ya wallafa wani littafi game da [[Hermann Hesse|Hermann Hesse ">Hermann Hesse]], Hermann Hess . ''Das Leben na Glasperlenspielers'' . == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Ernst Jünger Leben und Werk a cikin Bildern und Texten'', Klett-Cotta 1988 * ''Da Echo der Bilder. Ernst Jünger zu Ehren'', Klett-Cotta 1990 * ''Wendezeit - Zeitenwende. Beiträge zur Literatur der achtziger Jahre'', Bouvier 1991 * ''Ya kasance mutum ne wanda ba a yi ba. Der Golfkrieg a cikin der Zensur'', Ullstein 1991 * Ka mutu a matsayin Al'umma. An An An An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Bocksgesang, kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin Deutschen Debatte, Ullstein 1994 * ''Magie der Heiterkeit. Ernst Jünger zum Hundertsten'', Klett-Cotta 1995 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * Herausgeber der Reihe Dichter sehen ihre Stadt u. a. m. Walter Kempowski, Jürgen Hultenreich, Ulrich Schacht, Ullstein 1994 * Für eine Berliner Republik. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka samo asali ne a lokacin da ba a san shi ba * ''Hans-Georg Gadamer. Falsafa a cikin rikicin zamani'', Herrenhaus 2000 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * ''Ya yi farin ciki. Passaggi a cikin fuoco da ghiaccio'', Herrenhaus 2001 * ''Die Stadt der Kinder'', Littafin da ake buƙata 2003 * [Hasiya] * Ernst Jünger Ein Jahrhundertleben. [Hasiya] * An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * ''Ernst Jünger: Feldpostbriefe an die Familie 1915-1918'', Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-608-93950-7</nowiki>. * Rilke und die Frauen. Biografie eines Liebenden, Piper 2015, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-492-05637-3</nowiki>. * Luther Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * [I] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] t7sp800dlysfqxom00mxcjr4r96owf5 885000 884999 2026-07-19T18:28:26Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rayuwa da ayyukanta */ 885000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Fayil:HeimoSchwilk.jpg|thumb|Heimo Schwilk a cikin 2008]] '''Heimo Schwilk''' (an haife shi a 23 ga Oktoba 1952) ɗan jaridar Jamus ne kuma marubuci. == Rayuwa da ayyukanta == An haifi Heimo Schwilk a [[Stuttgart]] a ranar 23 ga Oktoba 1952. Shi ɗan jarida ne kuma marubuci, mai aiki a matsayin babban mai ba da rahoto ga ''Welt ne Sonntag'' . <ref name=":1">{{cite book |last=Woods |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Woods |year=2007 |title=Germany's New Right as Culture and Politics |location= |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |page=149 |isbn=978-0-230-50672-5 }}</ref> Tare da Ulrich Schacht [de], Schwilk ya hada da tarihin Die selbstbewusste Nation [de] (1994), wanda aka karɓa a matsayin wani abu daga ''Neue Rechte'', wanda za'a iya ɗaukar Schwilk a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin membobin da suka fi dacewa. Roger Woods ya rubuta cewa ra'ayoyin siyasa na Schwilk suna bayyane a cikin aikin jarida, inda ya "rubuce game da faduwar al'umma zuwa son kai da rikici, da kuma yiwuwar sake farfado da al'umma bisa ga ra'ayoyi na girmamawa, aiki da sadaukarwa". Schwilk ya wallafa tarihin [[Ernst Jünger|Ernst Jünger ">Ernst Jünger]] a cikin 2007, Ernst Jü Unger . Ein Jahrhundertleben. Ya mutu Biografie . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tihanov |first=Galin |year=2010 |title=Ernst Jünger: Ein Jahrhundertleben. Die Biografie by Heimo Schwilk (review) |journal=[[Modern Language Review]] |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=284-285 |doi=10.1353/mlr.2010.0284}}</ref> A cikin 2012 ya wallafa wani littafi game da [[Hermann Hesse|Hermann Hesse ">Hermann Hesse]], Hermann Hess . ''Das Leben na Glasperlenspielers'' .<ref>{{cite news |last=Solbach |first=Andreas |date=23 July 2012 |url=https://literaturkritik.de/id/16887 |title=Dichten und Dienen - Heimo Schwilk über das Leben Hermann Hesse |newspaper={{ill|literaturkritik.de|de}} |language=de |access-date=14 October 2023 }}</ref> == Ayyukan da aka buga == * ''Ernst Jünger Leben und Werk a cikin Bildern und Texten'', Klett-Cotta 1988 * ''Da Echo der Bilder. Ernst Jünger zu Ehren'', Klett-Cotta 1990 * ''Wendezeit - Zeitenwende. Beiträge zur Literatur der achtziger Jahre'', Bouvier 1991 * ''Ya kasance mutum ne wanda ba a yi ba. Der Golfkrieg a cikin der Zensur'', Ullstein 1991 * Ka mutu a matsayin Al'umma. An An An An yi amfani da shi a matsayin Bocksgesang, kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin Deutschen Debatte, Ullstein 1994 * ''Magie der Heiterkeit. Ernst Jünger zum Hundertsten'', Klett-Cotta 1995 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * Herausgeber der Reihe Dichter sehen ihre Stadt u. a. m. Walter Kempowski, Jürgen Hultenreich, Ulrich Schacht, Ullstein 1994 * Für eine Berliner Republik. [Hasiya] An samo asali ne daga rubutun da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin da aka samo asali ne a lokacin da ba a san shi ba * ''Hans-Georg Gadamer. Falsafa a cikin rikicin zamani'', Herrenhaus 2000 (zusammen mit Günter Figal) * ''Ya yi farin ciki. Passaggi a cikin fuoco da ghiaccio'', Herrenhaus 2001 * ''Die Stadt der Kinder'', Littafin da ake buƙata 2003 * [Hasiya] * Ernst Jünger Ein Jahrhundertleben. [Hasiya] * An samo asali ne daga littafin nan. * ''Ernst Jünger: Feldpostbriefe an die Familie 1915-1918'', Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2014, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-608-93950-7</nowiki>. * Rilke und die Frauen. Biografie eines Liebenden, Piper 2015, <nowiki>ISBN 978-3-492-05637-3</nowiki>. * Luther Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani a wannan talifin a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. * [I] An samo asali ne daga littafin nan kuma an samo asali ne a dandalin www.jw.org/ha. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1952]] g98ikuhhvrsvycwcmgi7vp6ypp67gc1 0 161885 885001 2026-07-19T18:34:42Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354646608|Marion E. Warner]]" 885001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''My phone is the same shi I want to see you in the morning and I will be there in a few minutes to get the attached to the current location kuma an gina shi ne a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar Marion E. '''Warner'''''' (sunan rubutu, '''M. E. W.'''; née, '''Knowlton'''; bayan auren farko, '''SeCheverll'''; bayan auren na biyu, Warner; Yuni 15, 1839 - 1918) mawaki ne na Amurka kuma marubucin gajeren labari. Ayyukanta, waɗanda aka yaba da su saboda kyawawan rubuce-rubucensa, 'yan jarida ne suka buga su maimakon a tattara su a cikin littafi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marion (ko Marrion) E. Knowlton a Geneva, Ashtabula County, Ohio, 15 ga Yuni, 1839. Ta kasance mazaunin rayuwarta na Yammacin Ohio, kusa da Tafkin Erie . A wani lokaci, gidanta yana Unionville, Lake County, Ohio. Ta kasance zuriyar asalin mazauna mulkin mallaka na Dutch na New Netherland da waɗanda suka shiga cikin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. Mahaifinta, Charles B. Knowlton (1810-1870), <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> an haife shi ne a Brookfield, Massachusetts, ɗan Jonathan Knowlton, kuma zuriyar Kyaftin William Knowlton ne, wanda ya tashi a cikin jirginsa daga Ingila, amma ya mutu kafin ya isa Amurka. Iyalinsa sun zauna a Ipswich, Massachusetts, a cikin 1635. Jonathan Knowlton yayin da yake zaune a Kanada, an matsa masa cikin aikin Burtaniya a karkashin Janar McKenzie, amma ya tsere kuma ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali. Charles Knowlton ya zo Ohio lokacin da yake saurayi, kuma a nan ya auri Harriet Evans (1818-1885), wanda aka haife shi a Geneva, gundumar Ashtabula, 'yar Ora da Sally Snediker Evans, wanda ya zo daga Schoharie County, New York, zuwa Yammacin Yamma a 1812. Sally Snediker ta kasance zuriyar kai tsaye ta John Snediker, mai kula da asali a Brooklyn, New York. Ora Evans ya yi aiki a Yaƙin 1812, yana cikin aikin a Sackets Harbor, New York da sauransu da yawa. Ya zauna a arewacin Unionville, a kan layin gundumar (Ashtabula County / Lake County), inda ya gina gida. Daga baya ya koma Harpersfield Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. Mahaifinsa, Ora Evans Sr., da kakansa, Moses Evans, dukansu sojoji ne a yakin juyin juya hali, matar Moses Evans tana aiki sosai a lokacin yakin, tana ɗauke da sakonni zuwa da kuma daga wurare da yawa, a wani lokaci tana harbi doki na mai bin. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ita da mijinta sun zauna a tsohuwar fagen yaƙi na Harlem Heights, inda ta mutu tana da shekaru 108. Wani lokaci bayan aurensa, Charles Knowlton ya koma gidansa na farko a Arewacin Brookfield, Massachusetts, kuma ya mutu a can game da 1840, ya bar yara uku, wato: Ora E., wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin basasar Amurka kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 45; Kyaftin Emery E., lauya a Canfield, Ohio, ya yi aiki da yakin basasa kuma ya mutu da shekaru 37; da Marion E. == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake matashi, Warner ya nuna ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafen, kuma ya haɓaka ɗanɗano ga daidaitattun wallafe-finai. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, an buga labarinta na farko a cikin [[Cleveland]] Gleaner, wasu suka biyo baya a lokuta masu yawa. Labarun ta sun bayyana a cikin takardun gida, suna ba da shaida game da fiye da matsakaicin iyawa da jan hankali. Kimanin lokaci guda, ta fara rubuta waka. Warner ya sha wahala da ciwo mai tsanani da kuma ciwo mai yawa. Gwauruwa sau biyu, an kashe yawancin lokacinta wajen kula da dukiyar mijinta na biyu da kuma kula da 'yarsu. Bugu da kari, Warner ya ba da lokaci don ayyukan wallafe-wallafen. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tarin waƙoƙi, waɗanda aka buga daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, gabaɗaya akan sa hannun "M. E. W. ". == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mijin farko na Marion shine Henry Gustavus SeCheverll (1834-1871). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR "Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 1874, a Lake County, Ohio, ta auri Elbridge Oliver Warner (1811-1884), kasancewarsa matarsa ta uku. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, 'yar, Marjorie Olivia Warner (1875-1949). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR "Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Marjorie ta sami ilimi a cikin kiɗa da al'adun murya. Warner memba ne na cocin Episcopal na St. Michael . Ta yi sha'awar aikin YWCA, kuma tana da sha'awar al'amuran asali da tarihi. Marion Warner ta mutu a Elyria, Ohio, a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1918. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR "Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 315aqu59f259i9ny25pz89cxzsur6l6 885002 885001 2026-07-19T18:35:28Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 885002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marion E. '''Warner'''''' (sunan rubutu, '''M. E. W.'''; née, '''Knowlton'''; bayan auren farko, '''SeCheverll'''; bayan auren na biyu, Warner; Yuni 15, 1839 - 1918) mawaki ne na Amurka kuma marubucin gajeren labari. Ayyukanta, waɗanda aka yaba da su saboda kyawawan rubuce-rubucensa, 'yan jarida ne suka buga su maimakon a tattara su a cikin littafi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marion (ko Marrion) E. Knowlton a Geneva, Ashtabula County, Ohio, 15 ga Yuni, 1839. Ta kasance mazaunin rayuwarta na Yammacin Ohio, kusa da Tafkin Erie . A wani lokaci, gidanta yana Unionville, Lake County, Ohio. Ta kasance zuriyar asalin mazauna mulkin mallaka na Dutch na New Netherland da waɗanda suka shiga cikin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. Mahaifinta, Charles B. Knowlton (1810-1870), <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> an haife shi ne a Brookfield, Massachusetts, ɗan Jonathan Knowlton, kuma zuriyar Kyaftin William Knowlton ne, wanda ya tashi a cikin jirginsa daga Ingila, amma ya mutu kafin ya isa Amurka. Iyalinsa sun zauna a Ipswich, Massachusetts, a cikin 1635. Jonathan Knowlton yayin da yake zaune a Kanada, an matsa masa cikin aikin Burtaniya a karkashin Janar McKenzie, amma ya tsere kuma ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali. Charles Knowlton ya zo Ohio lokacin da yake saurayi, kuma a nan ya auri Harriet Evans (1818-1885), wanda aka haife shi a Geneva, gundumar Ashtabula, 'yar Ora da Sally Snediker Evans, wanda ya zo daga Schoharie County, New York, zuwa Yammacin Yamma a 1812. Sally Snediker ta kasance zuriyar kai tsaye ta John Snediker, mai kula da asali a Brooklyn, New York. Ora Evans ya yi aiki a Yaƙin 1812, yana cikin aikin a Sackets Harbor, New York da sauransu da yawa. Ya zauna a arewacin Unionville, a kan layin gundumar (Ashtabula County / Lake County), inda ya gina gida. Daga baya ya koma Harpersfield Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. Mahaifinsa, Ora Evans Sr., da kakansa, Moses Evans, dukansu sojoji ne a yakin juyin juya hali, matar Moses Evans tana aiki sosai a lokacin yakin, tana ɗauke da sakonni zuwa da kuma daga wurare da yawa, a wani lokaci tana harbi doki na mai bin. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ita da mijinta sun zauna a tsohuwar fagen yaƙi na Harlem Heights, inda ta mutu tana da shekaru 108. Wani lokaci bayan aurensa, Charles Knowlton ya koma gidansa na farko a Arewacin Brookfield, Massachusetts, kuma ya mutu a can game da 1840, ya bar yara uku, wato: Ora E., wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin basasar Amurka kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 45; Kyaftin Emery E., lauya a Canfield, Ohio, ya yi aiki da yakin basasa kuma ya mutu da shekaru 37; da Marion E. == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake matashi, Warner ya nuna ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafen, kuma ya haɓaka ɗanɗano ga daidaitattun wallafe-finai. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, an buga labarinta na farko a cikin [[Cleveland]] Gleaner, wasu suka biyo baya a lokuta masu yawa. Labarun ta sun bayyana a cikin takardun gida, suna ba da shaida game da fiye da matsakaicin iyawa da jan hankali. Kimanin lokaci guda, ta fara rubuta waka. Warner ya sha wahala da ciwo mai tsanani da kuma ciwo mai yawa. Gwauruwa sau biyu, an kashe yawancin lokacinta wajen kula da dukiyar mijinta na biyu da kuma kula da 'yarsu. Bugu da kari, Warner ya ba da lokaci don ayyukan wallafe-wallafen. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tarin waƙoƙi, waɗanda aka buga daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, gabaɗaya akan sa hannun "M. E. W. ". == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mijin farko na Marion shine Henry Gustavus SeCheverll (1834-1871). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR "Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 1874, a Lake County, Ohio, ta auri Elbridge Oliver Warner (1811-1884), kasancewarsa matarsa ta uku. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, 'yar, Marjorie Olivia Warner (1875-1949). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR "Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Marjorie ta sami ilimi a cikin kiɗa da al'adun murya. Warner memba ne na cocin Episcopal na St. Michael . Ta yi sha'awar aikin YWCA, kuma tana da sha'awar al'amuran asali da tarihi. Marion Warner ta mutu a Elyria, Ohio, a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1918. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR "Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918"]. ''www.familysearch.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} gj6lpu1xg8hilv0rptd9644vlvv7zpe 885003 885002 2026-07-19T18:36:30Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rayuwa ta mutum */ 885003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marion E. '''Warner'''''' (sunan rubutu, '''M. E. W.'''; née, '''Knowlton'''; bayan auren farko, '''SeCheverll'''; bayan auren na biyu, Warner; Yuni 15, 1839 - 1918) mawaki ne na Amurka kuma marubucin gajeren labari. Ayyukanta, waɗanda aka yaba da su saboda kyawawan rubuce-rubucensa, 'yan jarida ne suka buga su maimakon a tattara su a cikin littafi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marion (ko Marrion) E. Knowlton a Geneva, Ashtabula County, Ohio, 15 ga Yuni, 1839. Ta kasance mazaunin rayuwarta na Yammacin Ohio, kusa da Tafkin Erie . A wani lokaci, gidanta yana Unionville, Lake County, Ohio. Ta kasance zuriyar asalin mazauna mulkin mallaka na Dutch na New Netherland da waɗanda suka shiga cikin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. Mahaifinta, Charles B. Knowlton (1810-1870), <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> an haife shi ne a Brookfield, Massachusetts, ɗan Jonathan Knowlton, kuma zuriyar Kyaftin William Knowlton ne, wanda ya tashi a cikin jirginsa daga Ingila, amma ya mutu kafin ya isa Amurka. Iyalinsa sun zauna a Ipswich, Massachusetts, a cikin 1635. Jonathan Knowlton yayin da yake zaune a Kanada, an matsa masa cikin aikin Burtaniya a karkashin Janar McKenzie, amma ya tsere kuma ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali. Charles Knowlton ya zo Ohio lokacin da yake saurayi, kuma a nan ya auri Harriet Evans (1818-1885), wanda aka haife shi a Geneva, gundumar Ashtabula, 'yar Ora da Sally Snediker Evans, wanda ya zo daga Schoharie County, New York, zuwa Yammacin Yamma a 1812. Sally Snediker ta kasance zuriyar kai tsaye ta John Snediker, mai kula da asali a Brooklyn, New York. Ora Evans ya yi aiki a Yaƙin 1812, yana cikin aikin a Sackets Harbor, New York da sauransu da yawa. Ya zauna a arewacin Unionville, a kan layin gundumar (Ashtabula County / Lake County), inda ya gina gida. Daga baya ya koma Harpersfield Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. Mahaifinsa, Ora Evans Sr., da kakansa, Moses Evans, dukansu sojoji ne a yakin juyin juya hali, matar Moses Evans tana aiki sosai a lokacin yakin, tana ɗauke da sakonni zuwa da kuma daga wurare da yawa, a wani lokaci tana harbi doki na mai bin. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ita da mijinta sun zauna a tsohuwar fagen yaƙi na Harlem Heights, inda ta mutu tana da shekaru 108. Wani lokaci bayan aurensa, Charles Knowlton ya koma gidansa na farko a Arewacin Brookfield, Massachusetts, kuma ya mutu a can game da 1840, ya bar yara uku, wato: Ora E., wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin basasar Amurka kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 45; Kyaftin Emery E., lauya a Canfield, Ohio, ya yi aiki da yakin basasa kuma ya mutu da shekaru 37; da Marion E. == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake matashi, Warner ya nuna ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafen, kuma ya haɓaka ɗanɗano ga daidaitattun wallafe-finai. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, an buga labarinta na farko a cikin [[Cleveland]] Gleaner, wasu suka biyo baya a lokuta masu yawa. Labarun ta sun bayyana a cikin takardun gida, suna ba da shaida game da fiye da matsakaicin iyawa da jan hankali. Kimanin lokaci guda, ta fara rubuta waka. Warner ya sha wahala da ciwo mai tsanani da kuma ciwo mai yawa. Gwauruwa sau biyu, an kashe yawancin lokacinta wajen kula da dukiyar mijinta na biyu da kuma kula da 'yarsu. Bugu da kari, Warner ya ba da lokaci don ayyukan wallafe-wallafen. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tarin waƙoƙi, waɗanda aka buga daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, gabaɗaya akan sa hannun "M. E. W. ". == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mijin farko na Marion shine Henry Gustavus SeCheverll (1834-1871). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 1874, a Lake County, Ohio, ta auri Elbridge Oliver Warner (1811-1884), kasancewarsa matarsa ta uku. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, 'yar, Marjorie Olivia Warner (1875-1949). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Marjorie ta sami ilimi a cikin kiɗa da al'adun murya. Warner memba ne na cocin Episcopal na St. Michael . Ta yi sha'awar aikin YWCA, kuma tana da sha'awar al'amuran asali da tarihi. Marion Warner ta mutu a Elyria, Ohio, a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1918. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 4cu8kkt5vvfuef9qogih0n025k2bfpc 885004 885003 2026-07-19T18:38:44Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rayuwa ta farko */ 885004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marion E. '''Warner'''''' (sunan rubutu, '''M. E. W.'''; née, '''Knowlton'''; bayan auren farko, '''SeCheverll'''; bayan auren na biyu, Warner; Yuni 15, 1839 - 1918) mawaki ne na Amurka kuma marubucin gajeren labari. Ayyukanta, waɗanda aka yaba da su saboda kyawawan rubuce-rubucensa, 'yan jarida ne suka buga su maimakon a tattara su a cikin littafi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marion (ko Marrion) E. Knowlton a Geneva, Ashtabula County, Ohio, 15 ga Yuni, 1839. Ta kasance mazaunin rayuwarta na Yammacin Ohio, kusa da Tafkin Erie . A wani lokaci, gidanta yana Unionville, Lake County, Ohio. Ta kasance zuriyar asalin mazauna mulkin mallaka na Dutch na New Netherland da waɗanda suka shiga cikin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. Mahaifinta, Charles B. Knowlton (1810-1870), <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> an haife shi ne a Brookfield, Massachusetts, ɗan Jonathan Knowlton, kuma zuriyar Kyaftin William Knowlton ne, wanda ya tashi a cikin jirginsa daga Ingila, amma ya mutu kafin ya isa Amurka. Iyalinsa sun zauna a Ipswich, Massachusetts, a cikin 1635. Jonathan Knowlton yayin da yake zaune a Kanada, an matsa masa cikin aikin Burtaniya a karkashin Janar McKenzie, amma ya tsere kuma ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali. Charles Knowlton ya zo Ohio lokacin da yake saurayi, kuma a nan ya auri Harriet Evans (1818-1885), wanda aka haife shi a Geneva, gundumar Ashtabula, 'yar Ora da Sally Snediker Evans, wanda ya zo daga Schoharie County, New York, zuwa Yammacin Yamma a 1812. Sally Snediker ta kasance zuriyar kai tsaye ta John Snediker, mai kula da asali a Brooklyn, New York. Ora Evans ya yi aiki a Yaƙin 1812, yana cikin aikin a Sackets Harbor, New York da sauransu da yawa. Ya zauna a arewacin Unionville, a kan layin gundumar (Ashtabula County / Lake County), inda ya gina gida. Daga baya ya koma Harpersfield Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. Mahaifinsa, Ora Evans Sr., da kakansa, Moses Evans, dukansu sojoji ne a yakin juyin juya hali, matar Moses Evans tana aiki sosai a lokacin yakin, tana ɗauke da sakonni zuwa da kuma daga wurare da yawa, a wani lokaci tana harbi doki na mai bin. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ita da mijinta sun zauna a tsohuwar fagen yaƙi na Harlem Heights, inda ta mutu tana da shekaru 108. Wani lokaci bayan aurensa, Charles Knowlton ya koma gidansa na farko a Arewacin Brookfield, Massachusetts, kuma ya mutu a can game da 1840, ya bar yara uku, wato: Ora E., wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin basasar Amurka kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 45; Kyaftin Emery E., lauya a Canfield, Ohio, ya yi aiki da yakin basasa kuma ya mutu da shekaru 37; da Marion E.<ref name="Upton1910">{{cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Harriet Taylor |title=History of the Western Reserve |date=1910 |publisher=Lewis publishing Company |page=1709 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtcyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1709 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake matashi, Warner ya nuna ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafen, kuma ya haɓaka ɗanɗano ga daidaitattun wallafe-finai. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, an buga labarinta na farko a cikin [[Cleveland]] Gleaner, wasu suka biyo baya a lokuta masu yawa. Labarun ta sun bayyana a cikin takardun gida, suna ba da shaida game da fiye da matsakaicin iyawa da jan hankali. Kimanin lokaci guda, ta fara rubuta waka. Warner ya sha wahala da ciwo mai tsanani da kuma ciwo mai yawa. Gwauruwa sau biyu, an kashe yawancin lokacinta wajen kula da dukiyar mijinta na biyu da kuma kula da 'yarsu. Bugu da kari, Warner ya ba da lokaci don ayyukan wallafe-wallafen. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tarin waƙoƙi, waɗanda aka buga daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, gabaɗaya akan sa hannun "M. E. W. ". == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mijin farko na Marion shine Henry Gustavus SeCheverll (1834-1871). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 1874, a Lake County, Ohio, ta auri Elbridge Oliver Warner (1811-1884), kasancewarsa matarsa ta uku. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, 'yar, Marjorie Olivia Warner (1875-1949). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Marjorie ta sami ilimi a cikin kiɗa da al'adun murya. Warner memba ne na cocin Episcopal na St. Michael . Ta yi sha'awar aikin YWCA, kuma tana da sha'awar al'amuran asali da tarihi. Marion Warner ta mutu a Elyria, Ohio, a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1918. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} isuig1jguo2oj77l7pq7xvi9rfbyp3r 885005 885004 2026-07-19T18:40:41Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 885005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Marion E. '''Warner'''''' (sunan rubutu, '''M. E. W.'''; née, '''Knowlton'''; bayan auren farko, '''SeCheverll'''; bayan auren na biyu, Warner; Yuni 15, 1839 - 1918) mawaki ne na Amurka kuma marubucin gajeren labari.<ref name="WillardLivermore-1893">{{cite book |last1=Willard |first1=Frances Elizabeth |author1-link=Frances Willard |last2=Livermore |first2=Mary Ashton Rice |author2-link=Mary Livermore |title=A Woman of the Century: Fourteen Hundred-seventy Biographical Sketches Accompanied by Portraits of Leading American Women in All Walks of Life |year=1893 |publisher=[[Charles Wells Moulton]] |url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Woman_of_the_Century/Marion_E._Knowlton_Warner |page=749 |chapter=WARNER, Mrs. Marion E. Knowlton }} {{Source-attribution}}</ref> Ayyukanta, waɗanda aka yaba da su saboda kyawawan rubuce-rubucensa, 'yan jarida ne suka buga su maimakon a tattara su a cikin littafi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haifi Marion (ko Marrion) E. Knowlton a Geneva, Ashtabula County, Ohio, 15 ga Yuni, 1839. Ta kasance mazaunin rayuwarta na Yammacin Ohio, kusa da Tafkin Erie . A wani lokaci, gidanta yana Unionville, Lake County, Ohio. Ta kasance zuriyar asalin mazauna mulkin mallaka na Dutch na New Netherland da waɗanda suka shiga cikin Yaƙin Juyin Juya Halin Amurka. Mahaifinta, Charles B. Knowlton (1810-1870), <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> an haife shi ne a Brookfield, Massachusetts, ɗan Jonathan Knowlton, kuma zuriyar Kyaftin William Knowlton ne, wanda ya tashi a cikin jirginsa daga Ingila, amma ya mutu kafin ya isa Amurka. Iyalinsa sun zauna a Ipswich, Massachusetts, a cikin 1635. Jonathan Knowlton yayin da yake zaune a Kanada, an matsa masa cikin aikin Burtaniya a karkashin Janar McKenzie, amma ya tsere kuma ya yi aiki a cikin sojojin mulkin mallaka a lokacin yakin juyin juya hali. Charles Knowlton ya zo Ohio lokacin da yake saurayi, kuma a nan ya auri Harriet Evans (1818-1885), wanda aka haife shi a Geneva, gundumar Ashtabula, 'yar Ora da Sally Snediker Evans, wanda ya zo daga Schoharie County, New York, zuwa Yammacin Yamma a 1812. Sally Snediker ta kasance zuriyar kai tsaye ta John Snediker, mai kula da asali a Brooklyn, New York. Ora Evans ya yi aiki a Yaƙin 1812, yana cikin aikin a Sackets Harbor, New York da sauransu da yawa. Ya zauna a arewacin Unionville, a kan layin gundumar (Ashtabula County / Lake County), inda ya gina gida. Daga baya ya koma Harpersfield Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, inda ya zauna har zuwa mutuwarsa. Mahaifinsa, Ora Evans Sr., da kakansa, Moses Evans, dukansu sojoji ne a yakin juyin juya hali, matar Moses Evans tana aiki sosai a lokacin yakin, tana ɗauke da sakonni zuwa da kuma daga wurare da yawa, a wani lokaci tana harbi doki na mai bin. A ƙarshen yaƙin, ita da mijinta sun zauna a tsohuwar fagen yaƙi na Harlem Heights, inda ta mutu tana da shekaru 108. Wani lokaci bayan aurensa, Charles Knowlton ya koma gidansa na farko a Arewacin Brookfield, Massachusetts, kuma ya mutu a can game da 1840, ya bar yara uku, wato: Ora E., wanda ya yi aiki a Yaƙin basasar Amurka kuma ya mutu yana da shekaru 45; Kyaftin Emery E., lauya a Canfield, Ohio, ya yi aiki da yakin basasa kuma ya mutu da shekaru 37; da Marion E.<ref name="Upton1910">{{cite book |last1=Upton |first1=Harriet Taylor |title=History of the Western Reserve |date=1910 |publisher=Lewis publishing Company |page=1709 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtcyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1709 |access-date=20 November 2023 |language=en}} {{Source-attribution}}</ref> == Ayyuka == Yayinda yake matashi, Warner ya nuna ƙwarewar wallafe-wallafen, kuma ya haɓaka ɗanɗano ga daidaitattun wallafe-finai. A lokacin da take da shekaru 18, an buga labarinta na farko a cikin [[Cleveland]] Gleaner, wasu suka biyo baya a lokuta masu yawa. Labarun ta sun bayyana a cikin takardun gida, suna ba da shaida game da fiye da matsakaicin iyawa da jan hankali. Kimanin lokaci guda, ta fara rubuta waka. Warner ya sha wahala da ciwo mai tsanani da kuma ciwo mai yawa. Gwauruwa sau biyu, an kashe yawancin lokacinta wajen kula da dukiyar mijinta na biyu da kuma kula da 'yarsu. Bugu da kari, Warner ya ba da lokaci don ayyukan wallafe-wallafen. Ta ba da gudummawa ga tarin waƙoƙi, waɗanda aka buga daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, gabaɗaya akan sa hannun "M. E. W. ". == Rayuwa ta mutum == Mijin farko na Marion shine Henry Gustavus SeCheverll (1834-1871). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> A ranar 18 ga Maris, 1874, a Lake County, Ohio, ta auri Elbridge Oliver Warner (1811-1884), kasancewarsa matarsa ta uku. Suna da ɗa ɗaya, 'yar, Marjorie Olivia Warner (1875-1949). <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> Marjorie ta sami ilimi a cikin kiɗa da al'adun murya. Warner memba ne na cocin Episcopal na St. Michael . Ta yi sha'awar aikin YWCA, kuma tana da sha'awar al'amuran asali da tarihi. Marion Warner ta mutu a Elyria, Ohio, a ranar 19 ga Mayu, 1918. <ref name="familysearch">{{Cite web |title=Marrion Knowlton Female - 10 June 1839 – 19 May 1918 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/tree/person/details/GM2G-2VR |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 5vtw6w7tydi08x8xxcyzllreyvlm0qo 0 161886 885006 2026-07-19T18:49:56Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1364353248|Cansel Kiziltepe]]" 885006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ya ba da wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne ya sanya mu na zamani bisa al'adar da wuri ba a yanzu haka dai wannan lokaci ne Cansel Kiziltepe''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1975) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Anti-Discrimination a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner tun 2023. Kafin ya shiga gwamnatin jihar, Kiziltepe ya kasance memba na Bundestag daga jihar [[Berlin]] daga [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|2013]] zuwa 2023. Baya ga aikinta na majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki a Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Ci gaban Birane da Gine-gine a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] daga 2021 zuwa 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Daga asalin kabilanci na Turkiyya, Kiziltepe ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Technische Universität Berlin . Daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ottmar Schreiner . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatan memba na kwamitin Horst Neumann a [[Volkswagen]] daga 2012 har zuwa 2013. == Ayyukan siyasa == === Dan majalisa na Jamus, 2013-2023 === Kiziltepe ya zama memba na Bundestag a [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Cansel Kiziltepe, MdB |url=https://www.spdfraktion.de/abgeordnete/kiziltepe |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=SPD-Bundestagsfraktion |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2013 zuwa 2021, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kudi; a wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa kan shirye-shiryen gabatar da harajin ma'amala na kuɗi. A cikin 2018, ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Finance |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a07 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Sports |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a05 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta SPD, Kiziltepe ta kasance a cikin Hagu na Majalisar, ƙungiyar hagu. A cikin tattaunawar da aka yi don kafa hadin gwiwar da ake kira hadin gwilar hasken zirga-zirga na SPD, Green Party da Free Democratic Party (FDP) bayan Zaben tarayya na 2021, Kiziltepe ta kasance daga cikin tawagar jam'iyyarta a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan tsarin kudi da kasafin kudin kasa, wanda Doris Ahnen, Lisa Paus da Christian Dürr suka jagoranci. <ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ampel-koalition-das-sind-die-verhandlungsteams-von-spd.1939.de.html Ampel-Koalition: Das sind die Verhandlungsteams von SPD, Grünen und FDP]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'', October 27, 2021.</ref> === Ayyuka a cikin siyasa === Bayan Zaben jihar Berlin na 2023, an nada Kiziltepe a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Rashin Nuna Bambanci a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner . A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan jihar a Bundesrat tun 2023, tana aiki a Kwamitin kan Harkokin Iyali da Manyan Jama'a, Kwamitin kan Ayyuka, Haɗin kai da Manufofin Jama'a. Kwamitin Mata da Matasa. A cikin tattaunawar don kafa Babban Haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan Democrat Kirista na Friedrich Merz (CDU tare da CSU na Bavaria) da SPD bayan [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2025|Zaben Jamus na 2025]], Kiziltepe ya kasance daga cikin tawagar SPD a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan harkokin aiki da zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Carsten Linnemann, Stephan Stracke da Katja Mast. == Sauran ayyukan == * Gidauniyar Muhalli ta Tarayyar Jamus (DBU), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (tun 2022) * Taron Kasuwanci na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany, memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki (tun daga 2020) * Asusun Kashe Kashe Nukiliya (KENFO), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2018-2022) * IG Metall, memba == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci) * [https://www.bundestag.de/en/members/kiziltepe_cansel-521022 Tarihin Bundestag] (a Turanci) {{In lang|en}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] he4zcn199o02lewx666z759nicit57d 885007 885006 2026-07-19T18:50:49Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 885007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Cansel Kiziltepe''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1975) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Anti-Discrimination a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner tun 2023. Kafin ya shiga gwamnatin jihar, Kiziltepe ya kasance memba na Bundestag daga jihar [[Berlin]] daga [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|2013]] zuwa 2023. Baya ga aikinta na majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki a Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Ci gaban Birane da Gine-gine a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] daga 2021 zuwa 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Daga asalin kabilanci na Turkiyya, Kiziltepe ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Technische Universität Berlin . Daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ottmar Schreiner . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatan memba na kwamitin Horst Neumann a [[Volkswagen]] daga 2012 har zuwa 2013. == Ayyukan siyasa == === Dan majalisa na Jamus, 2013-2023 === Kiziltepe ya zama memba na Bundestag a [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Cansel Kiziltepe, MdB |url=https://www.spdfraktion.de/abgeordnete/kiziltepe |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=SPD-Bundestagsfraktion |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2013 zuwa 2021, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kudi; a wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa kan shirye-shiryen gabatar da harajin ma'amala na kuɗi. A cikin 2018, ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Finance |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a07 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Sports |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a05 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta SPD, Kiziltepe ta kasance a cikin Hagu na Majalisar, ƙungiyar hagu. A cikin tattaunawar da aka yi don kafa hadin gwiwar da ake kira hadin gwilar hasken zirga-zirga na SPD, Green Party da Free Democratic Party (FDP) bayan Zaben tarayya na 2021, Kiziltepe ta kasance daga cikin tawagar jam'iyyarta a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan tsarin kudi da kasafin kudin kasa, wanda Doris Ahnen, Lisa Paus da Christian Dürr suka jagoranci. <ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ampel-koalition-das-sind-die-verhandlungsteams-von-spd.1939.de.html Ampel-Koalition: Das sind die Verhandlungsteams von SPD, Grünen und FDP]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'', October 27, 2021.</ref> === Ayyuka a cikin siyasa === Bayan Zaben jihar Berlin na 2023, an nada Kiziltepe a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Rashin Nuna Bambanci a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner . A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan jihar a Bundesrat tun 2023, tana aiki a Kwamitin kan Harkokin Iyali da Manyan Jama'a, Kwamitin kan Ayyuka, Haɗin kai da Manufofin Jama'a. Kwamitin Mata da Matasa. A cikin tattaunawar don kafa Babban Haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan Democrat Kirista na Friedrich Merz (CDU tare da CSU na Bavaria) da SPD bayan [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2025|Zaben Jamus na 2025]], Kiziltepe ya kasance daga cikin tawagar SPD a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan harkokin aiki da zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Carsten Linnemann, Stephan Stracke da Katja Mast. == Sauran ayyukan == * Gidauniyar Muhalli ta Tarayyar Jamus (DBU), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (tun 2022) * Taron Kasuwanci na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany, memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki (tun daga 2020) * Asusun Kashe Kashe Nukiliya (KENFO), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2018-2022) * IG Metall, memba == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci) * [https://www.bundestag.de/en/members/kiziltepe_cansel-521022 Tarihin Bundestag] (a Turanci) {{In lang|en}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] sytjvkjzy96ufxp0dqmt5qb9no4ohcx 885008 885007 2026-07-19T18:51:08Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 885008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Cansel Kiziltepe''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1975) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Anti-Discrimination a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner tun 2023. Kafin ya shiga gwamnatin jihar, Kiziltepe ya kasance memba na Bundestag daga jihar [[Berlin]] daga [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|2013]] zuwa 2023. Baya ga aikinta na majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki a Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Ci gaban Birane da Gine-gine a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] daga 2021 zuwa 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Daga asalin kabilanci na Turkiyya, Kiziltepe ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Technische Universität Berlin . Daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ottmar Schreiner . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatan memba na kwamitin Horst Neumann a [[Volkswagen]] daga 2012 har zuwa 2013. == Ayyukan siyasa == === Dan majalisa na Jamus, 2013-2023 === Kiziltepe ya zama memba na Bundestag a [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Cansel Kiziltepe, MdB |url=https://www.spdfraktion.de/abgeordnete/kiziltepe |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=SPD-Bundestagsfraktion |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2013 zuwa 2021, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kudi; a wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa kan shirye-shiryen gabatar da harajin ma'amala na kuɗi. A cikin 2018, ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Finance |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a07 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Sports |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a05 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta SPD, Kiziltepe ta kasance a cikin Hagu na Majalisar, ƙungiyar hagu. A cikin tattaunawar da aka yi don kafa hadin gwiwar da ake kira hadin gwilar hasken zirga-zirga na SPD, Green Party da Free Democratic Party (FDP) bayan Zaben tarayya na 2021, Kiziltepe ta kasance daga cikin tawagar jam'iyyarta a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan tsarin kudi da kasafin kudin kasa, wanda Doris Ahnen, Lisa Paus da Christian Dürr suka jagoranci. <ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ampel-koalition-das-sind-die-verhandlungsteams-von-spd.1939.de.html Ampel-Koalition: Das sind die Verhandlungsteams von SPD, Grünen und FDP]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'', October 27, 2021.</ref> === Ayyuka a cikin siyasa === Bayan Zaben jihar Berlin na 2023, an nada Kiziltepe a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Rashin Nuna Bambanci a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner . A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan jihar a Bundesrat tun 2023, tana aiki a Kwamitin kan Harkokin Iyali da Manyan Jama'a, Kwamitin kan Ayyuka, Haɗin kai da Manufofin Jama'a. Kwamitin Mata da Matasa. A cikin tattaunawar don kafa Babban Haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan Democrat Kirista na Friedrich Merz (CDU tare da CSU na Bavaria) da SPD bayan [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2025|Zaben Jamus na 2025]], Kiziltepe ya kasance daga cikin tawagar SPD a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan harkokin aiki da zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Carsten Linnemann, Stephan Stracke da Katja Mast. == Sauran ayyukan == * Gidauniyar Muhalli ta Tarayyar Jamus (DBU), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (tun 2022) * Taron Kasuwanci na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany, memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki (tun daga 2020) * Asusun Kashe Kashe Nukiliya (KENFO), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2018-2022) * IG Metall, memba == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci) * [https://www.bundestag.de/en/members/kiziltepe_cansel-521022 Tarihin Bundestag] (a Turanci) {{In lang|en}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] lh661dqr3cehei1yvml564eqrhj618h 885009 885008 2026-07-19T18:53:14Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 885009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Cansel Kiziltepe''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1975) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Anti-Discrimination a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner tun 2023.<ref>Julius Betschka (7 April 2023, [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schwarz-bleibt-wirtschaftssenator-in-berlin-cansel-kiziltepe-konnte-wichtiges-senatorenamt-besetzen-9629744.html Schwarz soll Wirtschaftssenator in Berlin bleiben, Cansel Kiziltepe könnte wichtiges Senatorenamt besetzen] ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''.</ref> Kafin ya shiga gwamnatin jihar, Kiziltepe ya kasance memba na Bundestag daga jihar [[Berlin]] daga [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|2013]] zuwa 2023. Baya ga aikinta na majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki a Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Ci gaban Birane da Gine-gine a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] daga 2021 zuwa 2023. == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Daga asalin kabilanci na Turkiyya, Kiziltepe ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Technische Universität Berlin . Daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ottmar Schreiner . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatan memba na kwamitin Horst Neumann a [[Volkswagen]] daga 2012 har zuwa 2013. == Ayyukan siyasa == === Dan majalisa na Jamus, 2013-2023 === Kiziltepe ya zama memba na Bundestag a [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Cansel Kiziltepe, MdB |url=https://www.spdfraktion.de/abgeordnete/kiziltepe |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=SPD-Bundestagsfraktion |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2013 zuwa 2021, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kudi; a wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa kan shirye-shiryen gabatar da harajin ma'amala na kuɗi. A cikin 2018, ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Finance |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a07 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Sports |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a05 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta SPD, Kiziltepe ta kasance a cikin Hagu na Majalisar, ƙungiyar hagu. A cikin tattaunawar da aka yi don kafa hadin gwiwar da ake kira hadin gwilar hasken zirga-zirga na SPD, Green Party da Free Democratic Party (FDP) bayan Zaben tarayya na 2021, Kiziltepe ta kasance daga cikin tawagar jam'iyyarta a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan tsarin kudi da kasafin kudin kasa, wanda Doris Ahnen, Lisa Paus da Christian Dürr suka jagoranci. <ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ampel-koalition-das-sind-die-verhandlungsteams-von-spd.1939.de.html Ampel-Koalition: Das sind die Verhandlungsteams von SPD, Grünen und FDP]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'', October 27, 2021.</ref> === Ayyuka a cikin siyasa === Bayan Zaben jihar Berlin na 2023, an nada Kiziltepe a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Rashin Nuna Bambanci a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner . A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan jihar a Bundesrat tun 2023, tana aiki a Kwamitin kan Harkokin Iyali da Manyan Jama'a, Kwamitin kan Ayyuka, Haɗin kai da Manufofin Jama'a. Kwamitin Mata da Matasa. A cikin tattaunawar don kafa Babban Haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan Democrat Kirista na Friedrich Merz (CDU tare da CSU na Bavaria) da SPD bayan [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2025|Zaben Jamus na 2025]], Kiziltepe ya kasance daga cikin tawagar SPD a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan harkokin aiki da zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Carsten Linnemann, Stephan Stracke da Katja Mast. == Sauran ayyukan == * Gidauniyar Muhalli ta Tarayyar Jamus (DBU), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (tun 2022) * Taron Kasuwanci na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany, memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki (tun daga 2020) * Asusun Kashe Kashe Nukiliya (KENFO), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2018-2022) * IG Metall, memba == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci) * [https://www.bundestag.de/en/members/kiziltepe_cansel-521022 Tarihin Bundestag] (a Turanci) {{In lang|en}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] c4nzcjmwkwwdbi2himhlur6anz1ey2g 885010 885009 2026-07-19T18:55:22Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 885010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Cansel Kiziltepe''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1975) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Anti-Discrimination a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner tun 2023.<ref>Julius Betschka (7 April 2023, [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schwarz-bleibt-wirtschaftssenator-in-berlin-cansel-kiziltepe-konnte-wichtiges-senatorenamt-besetzen-9629744.html Schwarz soll Wirtschaftssenator in Berlin bleiben, Cansel Kiziltepe könnte wichtiges Senatorenamt besetzen] ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''.</ref> Kafin ya shiga gwamnatin jihar, Kiziltepe ya kasance memba na Bundestag daga jihar [[Berlin]] daga [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|2013]] zuwa 2023. Baya ga aikinta na majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki a Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Ci gaban Birane da Gine-gine a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] daga 2021 zuwa 2023.<ref>Stephan Radomsky (7 December 2021), [https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/ampel-ministerium-bauen-geywitz-1.5482357 Klara Geywitz: Eine Frau für den Bau] ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]''.</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Daga asalin kabilanci na Turkiyya, Kiziltepe ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Technische Universität Berlin . Daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ottmar Schreiner . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatan memba na kwamitin Horst Neumann a [[Volkswagen]] daga 2012 har zuwa 2013. == Ayyukan siyasa == === Dan majalisa na Jamus, 2013-2023 === Kiziltepe ya zama memba na Bundestag a [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Cansel Kiziltepe, MdB |url=https://www.spdfraktion.de/abgeordnete/kiziltepe |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=SPD-Bundestagsfraktion |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2013 zuwa 2021, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kudi; a wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa kan shirye-shiryen gabatar da harajin ma'amala na kuɗi. A cikin 2018, ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Finance |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a07 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Sports |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a05 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta SPD, Kiziltepe ta kasance a cikin Hagu na Majalisar, ƙungiyar hagu. A cikin tattaunawar da aka yi don kafa hadin gwiwar da ake kira hadin gwilar hasken zirga-zirga na SPD, Green Party da Free Democratic Party (FDP) bayan Zaben tarayya na 2021, Kiziltepe ta kasance daga cikin tawagar jam'iyyarta a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan tsarin kudi da kasafin kudin kasa, wanda Doris Ahnen, Lisa Paus da Christian Dürr suka jagoranci. <ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ampel-koalition-das-sind-die-verhandlungsteams-von-spd.1939.de.html Ampel-Koalition: Das sind die Verhandlungsteams von SPD, Grünen und FDP]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'', October 27, 2021.</ref> === Ayyuka a cikin siyasa === Bayan Zaben jihar Berlin na 2023, an nada Kiziltepe a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Rashin Nuna Bambanci a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner . A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan jihar a Bundesrat tun 2023, tana aiki a Kwamitin kan Harkokin Iyali da Manyan Jama'a, Kwamitin kan Ayyuka, Haɗin kai da Manufofin Jama'a. Kwamitin Mata da Matasa. A cikin tattaunawar don kafa Babban Haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan Democrat Kirista na Friedrich Merz (CDU tare da CSU na Bavaria) da SPD bayan [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2025|Zaben Jamus na 2025]], Kiziltepe ya kasance daga cikin tawagar SPD a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan harkokin aiki da zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Carsten Linnemann, Stephan Stracke da Katja Mast. == Sauran ayyukan == * Gidauniyar Muhalli ta Tarayyar Jamus (DBU), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (tun 2022) * Taron Kasuwanci na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany, memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki (tun daga 2020) * Asusun Kashe Kashe Nukiliya (KENFO), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2018-2022) * IG Metall, memba == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci) * [https://www.bundestag.de/en/members/kiziltepe_cansel-521022 Tarihin Bundestag] (a Turanci) {{In lang|en}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] qcfdtlak4ucn4el11mi4ccizau897p6 885011 885010 2026-07-19T18:57:28Z A'isha A Ibrahim 22074 /* Rayuwa ta farko da aiki */ 885011 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox|2}} '''Cansel Kiziltepe''' (an haife shi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1975) masanin tattalin arziki ne kuma ɗan siyasa na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party (SPD) wanda ke aiki a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Anti-Discrimination a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner tun 2023.<ref>Julius Betschka (7 April 2023, [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/schwarz-bleibt-wirtschaftssenator-in-berlin-cansel-kiziltepe-konnte-wichtiges-senatorenamt-besetzen-9629744.html Schwarz soll Wirtschaftssenator in Berlin bleiben, Cansel Kiziltepe könnte wichtiges Senatorenamt besetzen] ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''.</ref> Kafin ya shiga gwamnatin jihar, Kiziltepe ya kasance memba na Bundestag daga jihar [[Berlin]] daga [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013|2013]] zuwa 2023. Baya ga aikinta na majalisa, ta yi aiki a matsayin Sakatariyar Majalisar Dokoki a Ma'aikatar Gidaje, Ci gaban Birane da Gine-gine a cikin gwamnatin hadin gwiwa ta Chancellor [[Olaf Scholz]] daga 2021 zuwa 2023.<ref>Stephan Radomsky (7 December 2021), [https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/ampel-ministerium-bauen-geywitz-1.5482357 Klara Geywitz: Eine Frau für den Bau] ''[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]''.</ref> == Rayuwa ta farko da aiki == Daga asalin kabilanci na Turkiyya,<ref>{{citation|last=Rennefanz|first=Sabine|date=2013|title=SPD-Kandidatin in Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg Cansel Kiziltepe : Mein Vater, meine Tochter, mein Weg|url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/mensch-metropole/spd-kandidatin-in-friedrichshain-kreuzberg-cansel-kiziltepe-mein-vater-meine-tochter-mein-weg-li.54345|publisher=[[Berliner Zeitung]]|access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Abbott|first=Anna-Lena|date=2013|title=Mama Kiziltepe erklärt die Welt|url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/cansel-kiziltepe-werbespot-der-spd-bundestagskandidatin-a-917711.html|publisher=[[Der Spiegel (website)|Der Spiegel]]|access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{citation|last=Kuhla|first=Karoline|date=2013|title=Kampf um Wähler mit Migrationshintergrund|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/mehrsprachige-wahlwerbung-in-berlin-kampf-um-waehler-mit-migrationshintergrund/8812038.html|publisher=[[Der Tagesspiegel]]|access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref> Kiziltepe ya yi karatun tattalin arziki a Technische Universität Berlin . Daga 2005 har zuwa 2012, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara ga Ottmar Schreiner . Daga baya ta yi aiki a matsayin masanin tattalin arziki a ma'aikatan memba na kwamitin Horst Neumann a [[Volkswagen]] daga 2012 har zuwa 2013. == Ayyukan siyasa == === Dan majalisa na Jamus, 2013-2023 === Kiziltepe ya zama memba na Bundestag a [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2013]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-23 |title=Cansel Kiziltepe, MdB |url=https://www.spdfraktion.de/abgeordnete/kiziltepe |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=SPD-Bundestagsfraktion |language=de}}</ref> Daga 2013 zuwa 2021, ta kasance memba na Kwamitin Kudi; a wannan matsayin, ta yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da rahoto na ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa kan shirye-shiryen gabatar da harajin ma'amala na kuɗi. A cikin 2018, ta kuma shiga Kwamitin Wasanni.<ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Finance |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a07 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=German Bundestag - Sports |url=https://www.bundestag.de/en/committees/a05 |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=German Bundestag |language=en}}</ref> A cikin ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta SPD, Kiziltepe ta kasance a cikin Hagu na Majalisar, ƙungiyar hagu. A cikin tattaunawar da aka yi don kafa hadin gwiwar da ake kira hadin gwilar hasken zirga-zirga na SPD, Green Party da Free Democratic Party (FDP) bayan Zaben tarayya na 2021, Kiziltepe ta kasance daga cikin tawagar jam'iyyarta a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan tsarin kudi da kasafin kudin kasa, wanda Doris Ahnen, Lisa Paus da Christian Dürr suka jagoranci. <ref>[https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/ampel-koalition-das-sind-die-verhandlungsteams-von-spd.1939.de.html Ampel-Koalition: Das sind die Verhandlungsteams von SPD, Grünen und FDP]{{Dead link|date=November 2023|fix-attempted=yes}} ''[[Deutschlandfunk]]'', October 27, 2021.</ref> === Ayyuka a cikin siyasa === Bayan Zaben jihar Berlin na 2023, an nada Kiziltepe a matsayin Ministan Jiha (Sanata) na Kwadago, Harkokin Jama'a, Daidaitawa, Haɗin kai, Bambanci da Rashin Nuna Bambanci a cikin gwamnati Babban Birnin Kai Wegner . A matsayinta na ɗaya daga cikin wakilan jihar a Bundesrat tun 2023, tana aiki a Kwamitin kan Harkokin Iyali da Manyan Jama'a, Kwamitin kan Ayyuka, Haɗin kai da Manufofin Jama'a. Kwamitin Mata da Matasa. A cikin tattaunawar don kafa Babban Haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin 'yan Democrat Kirista na Friedrich Merz (CDU tare da CSU na Bavaria) da SPD bayan [[Zaben tarayya na Jamus na 2025|Zaben Jamus na 2025]], Kiziltepe ya kasance daga cikin tawagar SPD a cikin ƙungiyar aiki kan harkokin aiki da zamantakewa, karkashin jagorancin Carsten Linnemann, Stephan Stracke da Katja Mast. == Sauran ayyukan == * Gidauniyar Muhalli ta Tarayyar Jamus (DBU), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (tun 2022) * Taron Kasuwanci na Jam'iyyar Social Democratic Party of Germany, memba na Kwamitin Ba da Shawara kan Manufofin Tattalin Arziki (tun daga 2020) * Asusun Kashe Kashe Nukiliya (KENFO), memba na Kwamitin Amintattun (2018-2022) * IG Metall, memba == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Haɗin waje == * Shafin yanar gizon hukuma (a cikin Jamusanci) * [https://www.bundestag.de/en/members/kiziltepe_cansel-521022 Tarihin Bundestag] (a Turanci) {{In lang|en}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1975]] o8aics7semiip4lkvbq70ksyxm06a71 0 161887 885017 2026-07-19T19:52:45Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Wadanan nana sune jerin local government din jahar sokoto, sokoto north, sokoto south,gada local government, tambuwal local government, Sabon birni local government,kebbe local government, kware lokal government, gwadabawa local government, ilela local government,binji local government,isa local government, goronyo local government, tangaza local government, silami local government, wurno local government,raba local government, gudu local government wamako local government,dang... 885017 wikitext text/x-wiki Wadanan nana sune jerin local government din jahar sokoto, sokoto north, sokoto south,gada local government, tambuwal local government, Sabon birni local government,kebbe local government, kware lokal government, gwadabawa local government, ilela local government,binji local government,isa local government, goronyo local government, tangaza local government, silami local government, wurno local government,raba local government, gudu local government wamako local government,dange shuni local government, tureta local government.bodinga local government.yabo local government, shagari local government, s14awvzpfyul44jjgpjrkmtejddeggz 0 161889 885020 2026-07-19T20:10:36Z Kaddi123 38060 Sabon shafi: Wadanan sune jerin sunaye kauyuka gada local government, kaddi,gidan Hashim, tsitse,gada, gilbadi, kyadawa,waru, dukamaje, kaffe,kadasaka,kurmar alkali, Rafi duma. 885020 wikitext text/x-wiki Wadanan sune jerin sunaye kauyuka gada local government, kaddi,gidan Hashim, tsitse,gada, gilbadi, kyadawa,waru, dukamaje, kaffe,kadasaka,kurmar alkali, Rafi duma. l8kdirc3hektkcm74xd8jgk9f9n121f 3 161890 885046 2026-07-19T21:23:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885046 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, 7enouf! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/7enouf|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) d7eb8cs2832mrgnmh0d0uws1r1f8g8o 3 161891 885047 2026-07-19T21:23:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885047 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alexbucks! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alexbucks|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) l6130yj7xwxev5h5fcwb86igh85yzda 3 161892 885048 2026-07-19T21:23:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885048 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Huamar! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Huamar|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 9ennpsd2sp682dqiugtalkx9ni9ot6m 3 161893 885049 2026-07-19T21:23:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885049 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fatima9212! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fatima9212|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 72t2toaz9sa1zpvgo92za11eu89z0n2 3 161894 885050 2026-07-19T21:23:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885050 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Anon0004! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Anon0004|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:23, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) h8i1e364kb69erwv4s4xlr0xtffbahs 3 161895 885051 2026-07-19T21:24:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885051 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Fran.clique! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Fran.clique|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 9f5nuwfypsm0dti2vpmhpnga2qv1aal 3 161896 885052 2026-07-19T21:24:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885052 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, RUWANBORE GUSAU! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/RUWANBORE GUSAU|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 4u8kgbuhfwl2o7x2chqdvp22ckutygb 3 161897 885053 2026-07-19T21:24:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885053 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SADIQ ALKANIMI! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SADIQ ALKANIMI|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 9gb8b5y527smycf15rfxytryhl49zm9 3 161898 885054 2026-07-19T21:24:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885054 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, DaizY! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/DaizY|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 6wktbn8oe9x2xt4ildhzbzx077aqbe6 3 161899 885055 2026-07-19T21:24:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885055 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Nyanardsan! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Nyanardsan|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 8ine17r15cetqsx8wwdon3uyy58wrt4 3 161900 885056 2026-07-19T21:24:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885056 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Dipfrozen! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Dipfrozen|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:24, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) t6pqz5khe490dppgnz2jeis8vugr9s1 3 161901 885057 2026-07-19T21:25:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885057 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, RobynAnarchist! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/RobynAnarchist|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) k2z7sbn7s3uqh0j9qrwwbmwmezgpv2b 3 161902 885058 2026-07-19T21:25:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885058 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Lampica! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Lampica|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) mtnr4cghqnr91aqitr60jthfgx8leni 3 161903 885059 2026-07-19T21:25:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885059 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, SeanR1990! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/SeanR1990|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 9ag6hx4m9s1vs67nl5vhvbgv9mvgqzj 3 161904 885060 2026-07-19T21:25:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885060 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Muhammad Goni Bashir! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Muhammad Goni Bashir|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 2nm2b1ngxxsxnmduez23emf8jkrjkvz 3 161905 885061 2026-07-19T21:25:45Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885061 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Itskahuna! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Itskahuna|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) rnpof01d89vgaagk89f0qjnshmrmezr 3 161906 885062 2026-07-19T21:25:55Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885062 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Alyzaandleah! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Alyzaandleah|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:25, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) r0vhepdcebuy5aur3ykwkdgfbezcytv 3 161907 885063 2026-07-19T21:26:05Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885063 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, TheFairyTaleLover! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/TheFairyTaleLover|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) hymwtphobvqvga426m0cs36sxrud9zr 3 161908 885064 2026-07-19T21:26:15Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885064 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, EzabellaWrites! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/EzabellaWrites|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) 8txn20yop7vi16wby0wmdj78rnnw5av 3 161909 885065 2026-07-19T21:26:25Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885065 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, LandmarkFir1800! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/LandmarkFir1800|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) k5m83jyuzndj6xhzvojnsjvyrm53019 3 161910 885066 2026-07-19T21:26:35Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! 885066 wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, RandallVonIvory! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/RandallVonIvory|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:26, 19 ga Yuli, 2026 (UTC) isyjar9skfm2frpj1huxa5ophqwuvhm 0 161911 885068 2026-07-20T01:31:39Z Sieryta 47125 Sabon abun ciki 885068 wikitext text/x-wiki Littafin Rat Scabies And The Holy Grail littafi ne da Christopher Dawes ya rubuta a shekarar 2005, wanda Scepter Books a Burtaniya da Thunder's Mouth Press suka buga a Amurka. Wannan wani nau'in bincike ne na neman Holy Grail da fitaccen mawakin rock Rat Scabies ya yi, wanda a da ya taɓa yin ganga a The Damned, wanda Dawes suka ƙulla abota da shi lokacin da su biyun suka zama maƙwabta a yankin Brentford da ke wajen birnin London.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinclair |first1=Tom |title='Rat Scabies and the Holy Grail' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/books/07/15/ew.books.irving/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=15 July 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sawyers |first1=June |title=Rat Scabies and the Holy Grail. |journal=[[Booklist]] |date=1 June 2005 |volume=101 |page=1742 |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lkh&AN=17440596&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site |issn=0006-7385}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Christopher Dawes: Rat Scabies and the Holy Grail. |journal=[[The Bookseller]] |date=4 February 2005 |volume=5164 |page=37 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A129356470/EAIM?u=anon~30ed1a04&sid=sitemap&xid=cb284736}}</ref> cesisu944dbwxeothsqfa3g269nyqs3 885069 885068 2026-07-20T01:34:00Z Sieryta 47125 885069 wikitext text/x-wiki Littafin Rat Scabies And The Holy Grail littafi ne da Christopher Dawes ya rubuta a shekarar 2005, wanda Scepter Books a Burtaniya da Thunder's Mouth Press suka buga a Amurka. Wannan wani nau'in bincike ne na neman Holy Grail da fitaccen mawakin rock Rat Scabies ya yi, wanda a da ya taɓa yin ganga a The Damned, wanda Dawes suka ƙulla abota da shi lokacin da su biyun suka zama maƙwabta a yankin Brentford da ke wajen birnin London.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sinclair |first1=Tom |title='Rat Scabies and the Holy Grail' |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/books/07/15/ew.books.irving/ |access-date=14 June 2024 |work=[[CNN]] |date=15 July 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sawyers |first1=June |title=Rat Scabies and the Holy Grail. |journal=[[Booklist]] |date=1 June 2005 |volume=101 |page=1742 |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lkh&AN=17440596&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site |issn=0006-7385}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Christopher Dawes: Rat Scabies and the Holy Grail. |journal=[[The Bookseller]] |date=4 February 2005 |volume=5164 |page=37 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A129356470/EAIM?u=anon~30ed1a04&sid=sitemap&xid=cb284736}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} 9yqjofe1f339n8i6f3w2bf7ybxfts72 2 161912 885070 2026-07-20T01:35:56Z Sieryta 47125 Sabon shafi: Abu mafi muhimmanci ga mutum shine ya bayar. 885070 wikitext text/x-wiki Abu mafi muhimmanci ga mutum shine ya bayar. fvm8arpl4mnbsk9e7as9iihx9x6y8oz 0 161913 885071 2026-07-20T01:38:43Z Sieryta 47125 Sabon shafi: '''Elizabeth Neumann''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1979) tsohuwar jami'ar tsaron cikin gida ce ta Amurka. A gwamnatin Trump ta yi aiki daga watan Fabrairun 2017 zuwa Afrilun 2020 a matsayin babbar mai ba da shawara da mataimakiyar Shugabar Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida (DHS) ga Sakataren DHS John Kelly da Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Elaine Duke, da kuma Mataimakin Sakataren DHS kan Rigakafin Barazana da Manufofin Tsaro ga Sakataren DHS Kirstjen Nielsen, Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Kevin... 885071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Neumann''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1979) tsohuwar jami'ar tsaron cikin gida ce ta Amurka. A gwamnatin Trump ta yi aiki daga watan Fabrairun 2017 zuwa Afrilun 2020 a matsayin babbar mai ba da shawara da mataimakiyar Shugabar Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida (DHS) ga Sakataren DHS John Kelly da Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Elaine Duke, da kuma Mataimakin Sakataren DHS kan Rigakafin Barazana da Manufofin Tsaro ga Sakataren DHS Kirstjen Nielsen, Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Kevin McAleenan, da Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Chad Wolf.<ref >{{Cite web|last=Solender|first=Andrew|title=Trump's 'Racist' Actions 'Gave Permission' To White Supremacists, An Ex-DHS Official Now Says|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/08/26/trumps-racist-actions-gave-permission-to-white-supremacists-an-ex-dhs-official-now-says/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref >{{Cite magazine|last1=Dickinson|first1=Tim|date=2020-08-26|title=Former Trump Homeland Security Official Blasts President As a Threat to America: 'We Are Less Safe Today'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/trump-homeland-security-official-endorse-biden-blame-trump-covid-1050281/|access-date=2020-09-20|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Trump Homeland Security Official Blasts President As a Threat to America: 'We Are Less Safe Today'|url=https://money.yahoo.com/former-trump-homeland-security-official-191959533.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=money.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329204352/https://money.yahoo.com/former-trump-homeland-security-official-191959533.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 15mlfj1dj8opswpxw2v1p89m0f8iij0 885072 885071 2026-07-20T01:40:16Z Sieryta 47125 885072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Neumann''' (an haife ta a shekara ta 1979) tsohuwar jami'ar tsaron cikin gida ce ta Amurka. A gwamnatin Trump ta yi aiki daga watan Fabrairun 2017 zuwa Afrilun 2020 a matsayin babbar mai ba da shawara da mataimakiyar Shugabar Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida (DHS) ga Sakataren DHS John Kelly da Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Elaine Duke, da kuma Mataimakin Sakataren DHS kan Rigakafin Barazana da Manufofin Tsaro ga Sakataren DHS Kirstjen Nielsen, Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Kevin McAleenan, da Sakataren DHS mai riƙo Chad Wolf.<ref >{{Cite web|last=Solender|first=Andrew|title=Trump's 'Racist' Actions 'Gave Permission' To White Supremacists, An Ex-DHS Official Now Says|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2020/08/26/trumps-racist-actions-gave-permission-to-white-supremacists-an-ex-dhs-official-now-says/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref >{{Cite magazine|last1=Dickinson|first1=Tim|date=2020-08-26|title=Former Trump Homeland Security Official Blasts President As a Threat to America: 'We Are Less Safe Today'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/trump-homeland-security-official-endorse-biden-blame-trump-covid-1050281/|access-date=2020-09-20|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Former Trump Homeland Security Official Blasts President As a Threat to America: 'We Are Less Safe Today'|url=https://money.yahoo.com/former-trump-homeland-security-official-191959533.html|access-date=2020-09-20|website=money.yahoo.com|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210329204352/https://money.yahoo.com/former-trump-homeland-security-official-191959533.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} aij7ij6eoy2ju8hs1wwphaja511nxdm 0 161914 885077 2026-07-20T06:50:05Z Saad Nuhu 43323 wallafa sabon shafi 885077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johnson Eguakhide Oghuma''' ɗan siyasa ne daga Najeriya wanda ya taɓa zama mamba a [[Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayyar Najeriya]] mai wakiltar mazabar tarayya ta Etsako (Etsako East/Etsako West/Etsako Central) a [[Jihar Edo]]. Ya gaji kujerar ne bayan zaɓen cike gurbi na shekarar 2017, sannan daga baya [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] ya gaje shi bayan zaɓen shekarar 2023.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=vanguard |date=2017-01-29 |title=APC candidate Oghuma wins Edo state bye election |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/01/apc-candidate-oghuma-wins-edo-state-bye-election/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-14 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=APC wins Etsako Federal Constituency by-election in Edo |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/01/29/apc-wins-etsako-federal-constituency-by-election-in-edo/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-14 |language=en-US|newspaper=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Odunsi |first=Wale |date=2022-05-27 |title=Edo Rep Oghuma floored by Anamero in APC Etsako primary |url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/05/27/edo-rep-oghuma-floored-by-anamero-in-apc-etsako-primary/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-14 |newspaper=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Johnson Egwakhide Oghuma a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1960, a garin Fugar da ke ƙaramar hukumar Etsako Central a [[Jihar Edo]], Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na sakandare a makarantar St. John's Grammar School da ke Fugar. Daga baya ya samu digirin farko na Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki (B.Sc. Economics) daga Bendel State University (wacce yanzu ake kira [[Ambrose Alli University]]) a shekarar 1985, sannan ya samu digirin biyu na Kimiyyar Tattalin Arziki (M.Sc. Economics) daga [[Jami'ar Legas]] a shekarar 1990. Haka kuma, ɗan'uwa ne na Cibiyar Institute of Chartered Economists of Nigeria.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Aikin siyasa == Oghuma ya fara riƙe muƙamin mamba a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Edo kafin daga bisani a zaɓe shi a zaɓen cike gurbi na shekarar 2017 zuwa Majalisar Wakilai ta Tarayya domin wakiltar mazabar Etsako East/Etsako West/Etsako Central. An sake zaɓensa a babban zaɓen shekarar 2019, inda ya yi aiki a Majalisar Tarayya ta tara (9th National Assembly). Bayan babban zaɓen shekarar 2023, [[Anamero Sunday Dekeri]] ne ya gaje shi a matsayin wakilin mazabar.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> == Takaddama == A shekarar 2020, Hukumar Yaƙi da Cin Hanci da Rashawa Mai Zaman Kanta (ICPC) ta gurfanar da Johnson Oghuma a gaban kotu bisa zargin karɓar cin hancin naira miliyan 1.6 daga 'yan kwangilar kamfanin Feola Ventures Nigeria Ltd. Sai dai daga baya an janye shari'ar, inda Mai Shari'a [[Adebukola Banjoko]] ta sallame shi tare da wanke shi daga dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake masa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Omohomhion |first=Felix |date=2020-10-23 |title=N1.6m bribe: ICPC arraigns reps member |url=https://businessday.ng/news/article/n1-6m-bribe-icpc-arraigns-rep-over-n1-6m-bribe-icpc-arraigns-reps-member/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-14 |newspaper=[[BusinessDay (Nigeria)|BusinessDay]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Elegbede |first=Austin |date=2020-10-22 |title=ICPC arraigns rep over 'N1.6m bribe' on school project |url=https://www.thecable.ng/icpc-arraigns-rep-over-n1-6m-bribe-on-school-project/ |access-date=2025-01-14 |newspaper=[[TheCable]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=sunnews |date=2020-11-20 |title=Grassroot Association appeals to lawmaker, as ICPC clears him of bribery |url=https://thesun.ng/grassroot-association-appeals-to-lawmaker-as-icpc-clears-him-of-bribery/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=2025-01-14 |newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == 0ebxpa8z1wnk5vti26g03chvc3s9nad 0 161915 885080 2026-07-20T06:59:59Z Saad Nuhu 43323 wallafa sabon shafi 885080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Jonathan Ibhamawu Aigbokhan | image = | office = Member of the Edo State House of Assembly | term_start = 2023 | office2 = Majority Leader of the Edo State House of Assembly | term_start2 = 7 April 2025 | party = [[All Progressives Congress]] | constituency = Esan West Constituency | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|7|10|df=y}} | birth_place = Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria | alma_mater = [[Ambrose Alli University]] | occupation = Politician }} '''Jonathan Ibhamawu Aigbokhan''' (an haife shi a ranar 10 ga Yuli, 1966) ɗan siyasa ne ɗan Najeriya wanda ke riƙe da muƙamin Jagoran Masu Rinjaye (Majority Leader) na Majalisar Dokokin [[Jihar Edo]] ta takwas. Mamba ne na jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC), inda yake wakiltar mazaɓar Esan West a Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Edo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo Assembly gets new majority leader, chief whip |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/edo-assembly-gets-new-majority-leader-chief-whip/ |website=The Guardian (Nigeria) |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APC takes over Edo Assembly leadership |url=https://punchng.com/apc-takes-over-edo-assembly-leadership/ |website=Punch Newspapers |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 State Houses of Assembly results - Edo state |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/2023/state-houses-of-assembly/ED/?constituency=SC%2F299%2FED |website=Stears |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> == Rayuwar farko da ilimi == An haifi Aigbokhan kuma ya taso ne a garin Ekpoma da ke ƙaramar hukumar Esan West a [[Jihar Edo]], Najeriya. Ya yi karatunsa na firamare da sakandare a garin Ekpoma, sannan ya karanci fannin lissafin kuɗi (Accounting) a [[Ambrose Alli University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibhamawu Jonathan Aigbokhan |url=https://ngelections.com/person/ibhamawu-jonathan-aigbokhan/ |website=ngelections.com |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> == Aikin siyasa == Aigbokhan ya fara harkokin siyasa ne bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aji (Treasurer) na ƙaramar hukumar Esan West. A shekarar 2016, an ruwaito cewa an karrama shi da lambar yabo ta **Best Local Government Staff in Nigeria** saboda ƙwazonsa a aikin gwamnati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ibhamawu Jonathan Aigbokhan |url=https://ngelections.com/person/ibhamawu-jonathan-aigbokhan/ |website=ngelections.com |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> A babban zaɓen shekarar 2023, ya tsaya takara a ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar [[All Progressives Congress]] (APC) kuma ya lashe zaɓen kujerar Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Edo domin wakiltar mazaɓar Esan West.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 State Houses of Assembly results - Edo state |url=https://www.stears.co/elections/2023/state-houses-of-assembly/ED/?constituency=SC%2F299%2FED |website=Stears |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Afrilu, 2025, an naɗa shi Jagoran Masu Rinjaye (Majority Leader) na Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Edo ta takwas, bayan jam'iyyar APC ta karɓi rinjaye a majalisar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Edo Assembly gets new majority leader, chief whip |url=https://guardian.ng/politics/edo-assembly-gets-new-majority-leader-chief-whip/ |website=The Guardian (Nigeria) |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=APC takes over Edo Assembly leadership |url=https://punchng.com/apc-takes-over-edo-assembly-leadership/ |website=Punch Newspapers |access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref> == Manazarta == 78n992g2o695mg2u1zdxd9buvuqegio 0 161916 885091 2026-07-20T09:06:02Z BnHamid 12586 BnHamid moved page [[Pacific Ocean]] to [[Tekun Pacific]] 885091 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Tekun Pacific]] s868diog571zgkfzckofcptyoajazf7 0 161917 885128 2026-07-20T09:56:57Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361673877|Hugo Ahl]]" 885128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nils Raul Hugo Ahl''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2001) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Sweden wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . A halin yanzu yana bugawa FK Jablonec wasa. == Aikin kulob == Shi ɗa ne ga ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Roger Ahl. Hugo Ahl ya girma a Värnamo, amma ya fara buga wasa a babban ƙungiyar Ljungby IF tun lokacin da mahaifinsa ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a lokacin. Daga 2017 zuwa 2020 ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya kowannensu a Ljungby, Värnamo Södra FF, Dalstorps IF da Ullareds IK . Ya koma Torns IF a 2021, amma sai ya koma ƙungiyar Division 2 ta Ytterhogdals IK a lokacin bazara na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugo Ahl |url=https://fotbolltransfers.com/spelare/hugo-ahl/11201 |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Fotbolltransfers |language=sv}}</ref> === Spartak Trnava === Spartak Trnava ya sanar da siyan Ahl daga ƙungiyar Humenné ta Slovak a gasar rukuni na biyu a watan Yulin 2024. Ahl ya fara buga wasa a gasar Trnava da AS Trenčín a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a ranar 28 ga Yulin 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Spartak Trnava vs. Trenčín 0 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/07/28/slovakia/super-liga/fc-spartak-trnava/fk-as-trencin/4370540/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamban 2024, an dakatar da kwangilar Ahl a yarjejeniyar da suka cimma da ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=V Spartaku skončil Hugo Ahl, budúcnosť Róberta Picha je otvorená |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/38623-v-spartaku-skoncil-hugo-ahl,-buducnost-roberta-picha-je-otvorena/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] ejmr597f12q7f24llsj128944ippymu 885129 885128 2026-07-20T09:57:22Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1361673877|Hugo Ahl]]" 885129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nils Raul Hugo Ahl''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2001) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Sweden wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . A halin yanzu yana bugawa FK Jablonec wasa. == Aikin kulob == Shi ɗa ne ga ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Roger Ahl. Hugo Ahl ya girma a Värnamo, amma ya fara buga wasa a babban ƙungiyar Ljungby IF tun lokacin da mahaifinsa ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a lokacin. Daga 2017 zuwa 2020 ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya kowannensu a Ljungby, Värnamo Södra FF, Dalstorps IF da Ullareds IK . Ya koma Torns IF a 2021, amma sai ya koma ƙungiyar Division 2 ta Ytterhogdals IK a lokacin bazara na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugo Ahl |url=https://fotbolltransfers.com/spelare/hugo-ahl/11201 |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Fotbolltransfers |language=sv}}</ref> === Spartak Trnava === Spartak Trnava ya sanar da siyan Ahl daga ƙungiyar Humenné ta Slovak a gasar rukuni na biyu a watan Yulin 2024. Ahl ya fara buga wasa a gasar Trnava da AS Trenčín a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a ranar 28 ga Yulin 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Spartak Trnava vs. Trenčín 0 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/07/28/slovakia/super-liga/fc-spartak-trnava/fk-as-trencin/4370540/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamban 2024, an dakatar da kwangilar Ahl a yarjejeniyar da suka cimma da ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=V Spartaku skončil Hugo Ahl, budúcnosť Róberta Picha je otvorená |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/38623-v-spartaku-skoncil-hugo-ahl,-buducnost-roberta-picha-je-otvorena/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> === Tatran Prešov === A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2025, an sanar da cewa Hugo Ahl zai shiga Tatran Prešov . === Michalovce === A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2025, an sanar da cewa Ahl za ta koma ƙungiyar Slovak ta MFK Zemplín Michalovce . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugo Ahl novou posilou MFK Zemplín Michalovce- Noviny Zemplína |url=https://www.novinyzemplina.sk/clanky.php?id=19907 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=novinyzemplina.sk}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, inda ya fara wasan kuma daga ƙarshe ya dawo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda - MFK Zemplín Michalovce {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/2618-dac-mic |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> == Nassoshi == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|hugo-ahl/696353}} * [https://sportnet.sme.sk/futbalnet/clen/1478624/ Futbalnet profile] {{In lang|sk}} * Hugo Ahl at the Slovak First Football League (in Slovak) {{In lang|sk}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] hipuprinw6sk3y5mocasz24omiiuydi 885153 885129 2026-07-20T10:32:10Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 885153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nils Raul Hugo Ahl''' (an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2001) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Sweden wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . A halin yanzu yana bugawa FK Jablonec wasa. == Aikin kulob == Shi ɗa ne ga ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa Roger Ahl. Hugo Ahl ya girma a Värnamo, amma ya fara buga wasa a babban ƙungiyar Ljungby IF tun lokacin da mahaifinsa ya jagoranci ƙungiyar a lokacin. Daga 2017 zuwa 2020 ya buga kakar wasa ɗaya kowannensu a Ljungby, Värnamo Södra FF, Dalstorps IF da Ullareds IK . Ya koma Torns IF a 2021, amma sai ya koma ƙungiyar Division 2 ta Ytterhogdals IK a lokacin bazara na 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugo Ahl |url=https://fotbolltransfers.com/spelare/hugo-ahl/11201 |access-date=15 August 2024 |publisher=Fotbolltransfers |language=sv}}</ref> === Spartak Trnava === Spartak Trnava ya sanar da siyan Ahl daga ƙungiyar Humenné ta Slovak a gasar rukuni na biyu a watan Yulin 2024. Ahl ya fara buga wasa a gasar Trnava da AS Trenčín a wasan da suka tashi babu ci a ranar 28 ga Yulin 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2024 |title=Spartak Trnava vs. Trenčín 0 - 0 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2024/07/28/slovakia/super-liga/fc-spartak-trnava/fk-as-trencin/4370540/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Disamban 2024, an dakatar da kwangilar Ahl a yarjejeniyar da suka cimma da ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=V Spartaku skončil Hugo Ahl, budúcnosť Róberta Picha je otvorená |url=https://www.trnavskyhlas.sk/c/38623-v-spartaku-skoncil-hugo-ahl,-buducnost-roberta-picha-je-otvorena/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=Trnavský Hlas}}</ref> === Tatran Prešov === A ranar 31 ga Janairu 2025, an sanar da cewa Hugo Ahl zai shiga Tatran Prešov . === Michalovce === A ranar 27 ga Yuni 2025, an sanar da cewa Ahl za ta koma ƙungiyar Slovak ta MFK Zemplín Michalovce . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hugo Ahl novou posilou MFK Zemplín Michalovce- Noviny Zemplína |url=https://www.novinyzemplina.sk/clanky.php?id=19907 |access-date=2025-06-27 |website=novinyzemplina.sk}}</ref> Ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda, inda ya fara wasan kuma daga ƙarshe ya dawo a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda - MFK Zemplín Michalovce {{!}} Detail zápasu |url=http://www.nikeliga.sk/zapas/2618-dac-mic |access-date=2025-07-27 |website=Niké liga}}</ref> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|hugo-ahl/696353}} * [https://sportnet.sme.sk/futbalnet/clen/1478624/ Futbalnet profile] {{In lang|sk}} * Hugo Ahl at the Slovak First Football League (in Slovak) {{In lang|sk}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2001]] == Manazarta == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 0xdv2m7hv67u77lremjzospvtkxog1j 0 161918 885131 2026-07-20T10:00:00Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362786949|Alexandre Lacazette]]" 885131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] qmtzij2fcafzeajb6lmjm4efyzixl4m 885134 885131 2026-07-20T10:03:19Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362786949|Alexandre Lacazette]]" 885134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alexandre Armand Lacazette <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Squad List: Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: France (FRA) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/131752/alexandre-lacazette |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> a [[Lyon]], ga dangin asalin Guadeloupe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: 5 things on Lyon's returning star |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2022/06/16/alexandre-lacazette-5-things-on-lyon-s-returning-star |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara maza huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, Benoît, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a rukuni na biyu na Switzerland da rukuni na huɗu na Faransa . Ɗan uwansa, Romuald, shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Romuald Lacazette s'engage à Darmstadt pour trois ans |trans-title=Romuald Lacazette commits to Darmstadt for three years |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Romuald-lacazette-s-engage-a-darmstadt-pour-trois-ans/812689 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Da isowarsa kulob din, Lacazette ya fara horo a Centre Tola Vologe, cibiyar horar da kulob din. Yayin da yake horo, masu horarwa da yawa sun kwatanta shi da tsohon dan wasan gaba na Lyon Sonny Anderson, ciki har da dan wasan da kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2010 |title=Les débuts d'Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.leprogres.fr/fr/permalien/article/3093043/Les-debuts-d-Alexandre-Lacazette.html |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Le Progrès |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinsa na matashi, Lacazette ya buga wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da ta kare a matsayi na uku a <nowiki><i id="mwYA">gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 'yan shekara 18</i></nowiki> a kakar wasa ta 2007-08. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya fara bugawa kungiyar reserve ta Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), inda ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni 19 na CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national">{{Cite web |title=Statistiques détaillées de Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.foot-national.com/4377-joueur-football-Lacazette-Alexandre.html |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Foot-National}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22 a gasar CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> ==== 2009–11: Ci gaba da ci gaba ==== A lokacin rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2009-10, manaja Claude Puel ya kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Montpellier da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2010 |title=Montpellier v. Lyon Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204035/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan gida da suka buga da Auxerre a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Lyon v. Auxerre Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204107/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2010, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, yana amincewa da kwangilar shekaru uku. Saboda har yanzu yana da sauran shekara guda a kwangilarsa ta ''matasa'', kwangilar za ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2010 |title=Lacazette passe pro... dans un an |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704200916/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[France Football]] |language=fr}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 9z29m5upd32r7fxo3we4orlzap856au 885136 885134 2026-07-20T10:04:16Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362786949|Alexandre Lacazette]]" 885136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alexandre Armand Lacazette <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Squad List: Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: France (FRA) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/131752/alexandre-lacazette |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> a [[Lyon]], ga dangin asalin Guadeloupe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: 5 things on Lyon's returning star |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2022/06/16/alexandre-lacazette-5-things-on-lyon-s-returning-star |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara maza huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, Benoît, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a rukuni na biyu na Switzerland da rukuni na huɗu na Faransa . Ɗan uwansa, Romuald, shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Romuald Lacazette s'engage à Darmstadt pour trois ans |trans-title=Romuald Lacazette commits to Darmstadt for three years |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Romuald-lacazette-s-engage-a-darmstadt-pour-trois-ans/812689 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Da isowarsa kulob din, Lacazette ya fara horo a Centre Tola Vologe, cibiyar horar da kulob din. Yayin da yake horo, masu horarwa da yawa sun kwatanta shi da tsohon dan wasan gaba na Lyon Sonny Anderson, ciki har da dan wasan da kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2010 |title=Les débuts d'Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.leprogres.fr/fr/permalien/article/3093043/Les-debuts-d-Alexandre-Lacazette.html |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Le Progrès |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinsa na matashi, Lacazette ya buga wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da ta kare a matsayi na uku a <nowiki><i id="mwYA">gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 'yan shekara 18</i></nowiki> a kakar wasa ta 2007-08. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya fara bugawa kungiyar reserve ta Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), inda ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni 19 na CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national">{{Cite web |title=Statistiques détaillées de Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.foot-national.com/4377-joueur-football-Lacazette-Alexandre.html |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Foot-National}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22 a gasar CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> ==== 2009–11: Ci gaba da ci gaba ==== A lokacin rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2009-10, manaja Claude Puel ya kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Montpellier da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2010 |title=Montpellier v. Lyon Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204035/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan gida da suka buga da Auxerre a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Lyon v. Auxerre Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204107/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2010, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, yana amincewa da kwangilar shekaru uku. Saboda har yanzu yana da sauran shekara guda a kwangilarsa ta ''matasa'', kwangilar za ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2010 |title=Lacazette passe pro... dans un an |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704200916/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[France Football]] |language=fr}}</ref> Nasarar da Lacazette ya samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010 ta sa dan wasan ya jawo hankalin kulob din Roma na Italiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=Lyon: Lacazette ne partira pas |url=http://www.maxifoot.fr/football-rss120639/lyon-lacazette.php |publisher=Maxifoot.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya kuma samu yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai, tare da abokan wasansa na kasa da kasa Yannis Tafer da Clément Grenier, saboda sadaukarwar da ya yi wa kulob din bayan ya buga wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates ta 2010 a wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]], sa'o'i bayan ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=The Epitome of Dedication? How France Under-19 Hero Alexandre Lacazette Played Three Matches in Three Days |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3358/uefa-european-under-19-championships/2010/08/02/2052505/the-epitome-of-dedication-how-france-under-19-hero-alexandre |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara atisayen kakar wasa ta 2010-11 na cikakken lokaci tare da kungiyar farko. Ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 12 na CFA na 2010-11 ga kungiyar reserve ta kulob din. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 30 ga Oktoba a wasan gida na Ligue 1 da Sochaux . <ref name="lacazette_football">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=L'heure de Lacazette |url=http://www.football.fr/lyon/articles/alexandre-lacazette-debute-sa-carriere-sous-les-meilleures-auspices-297335/ |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Football.fr}}</ref> Kwallon da ya ci a minti na 69 ta bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, wanda zai zama maki na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2010 |title=Lyon v. Sochaux Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102150951/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |archive-date=2 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai da kungiyar Benfica ta Portugal a wasan da suka buga a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a rukunin B na 2010-11, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu inda Lyon ta sha kashi da ci 4-0. Minti bayan ya shigo filin wasa, ya taimaka wa Lyon ta fara zura kwallo, wanda Yoann Gourcuff ya ci a minti na 75. Ya kuma taimaka wa Lyon ta biyu, wadda Bafétimbi Gomis ya ci a minti na 85. <ref name="lacazette_football" /> Duk da haka, Lyon ba ta iya kammala dawowar ba, inda ta sha kashi da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Coentrão inspires Benfica revival |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2002876--benfica-vs-lyon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105010750/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/matches/season%3D2011/round%3D2000118/match%3D2002876/index.html |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a rayuwarsa a wasan karshe na rukunin B na Lyon, wanda ya yi daidai da minti na 88 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da kungiyar Isra'ila Hapoel Tel Aviv . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ==== 2011–16: Tashi zuwa ga fitaccen ɗan wasa kuma ta lashe kyautar Golden Boot ==== [[Fayil:Lacazette,_Zenit-OL_2015_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2015]] Lacazette ne ya ci ƙwallon da Lyon ta ci a wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de la Ligue na 2014 da Paris Saint-Germain; duk da haka ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A watan Satumba na 2014, Lacazette ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda hakan ya sa ya koma kulob din har zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs two-year contract extension with Lyon |url=http://www.espnfc.com/french-ligue-1/story/2030874/alexandre-lacazette-signs-contract-extension-with-lyon |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da ya ci a wasan da Lille ta doke Lille da ci 3-0 a gida. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2015, Lacazette ya karya tarihin Lyon na kwallayen [[Ligue 1]] ko na Division 1 da aka ci a kakar wasa daya da kwallaye 26 a wasan da Ligue 1 ta doke Reims da ci 4-2 a waje; André Guy ya zura kwallaye 25 a Division 1 a kakar wasa ta 1968-69 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OL Keep Hat In The Ring |url=http://www.olweb.fr/en/article/ol-keep-hat-in-the-ring-67957.html |website=OL Web.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=Lyon: Alexandre Lacazette égale André Guy avec 25 buts en Ligue 1 cette saison |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2014-2015/lyon-alexandre-lacazette-egale-andre-guy-avec-25-buts-en-ligue-1-cette-saison_sto4679046/story.shtml |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2014-15 a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a Ligue 1, inda ya zura kwallaye 27. <ref name="lg1">{{Cite web |title=Official top scorer chart 2014–15 |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710062621/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Lique 1}}</ref> Lacazette ya kammala kakar wasa mai kyau ta hanyar zabensa a matsayin dan wasan Ligue 1 na Shekara a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. <ref name="poy">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2015 |title=Lacazette wins player of the year |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/lacazette-wins-player-of-year.htm |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] 2mtmc4fx6178ubre418gcp8lbg03mkj 885138 885136 2026-07-20T10:05:35Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362786949|Alexandre Lacazette]]" 885138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alexandre Armand Lacazette <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Squad List: Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: France (FRA) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/131752/alexandre-lacazette |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> a [[Lyon]], ga dangin asalin Guadeloupe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: 5 things on Lyon's returning star |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2022/06/16/alexandre-lacazette-5-things-on-lyon-s-returning-star |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara maza huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, Benoît, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a rukuni na biyu na Switzerland da rukuni na huɗu na Faransa . Ɗan uwansa, Romuald, shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Romuald Lacazette s'engage à Darmstadt pour trois ans |trans-title=Romuald Lacazette commits to Darmstadt for three years |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Romuald-lacazette-s-engage-a-darmstadt-pour-trois-ans/812689 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Da isowarsa kulob din, Lacazette ya fara horo a Centre Tola Vologe, cibiyar horar da kulob din. Yayin da yake horo, masu horarwa da yawa sun kwatanta shi da tsohon dan wasan gaba na Lyon Sonny Anderson, ciki har da dan wasan da kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2010 |title=Les débuts d'Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.leprogres.fr/fr/permalien/article/3093043/Les-debuts-d-Alexandre-Lacazette.html |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Le Progrès |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinsa na matashi, Lacazette ya buga wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da ta kare a matsayi na uku a <nowiki><i id="mwYA">gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 'yan shekara 18</i></nowiki> a kakar wasa ta 2007-08. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya fara bugawa kungiyar reserve ta Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), inda ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni 19 na CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national">{{Cite web |title=Statistiques détaillées de Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.foot-national.com/4377-joueur-football-Lacazette-Alexandre.html |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Foot-National}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22 a gasar CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> ==== 2009–11: Ci gaba da ci gaba ==== A lokacin rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2009-10, manaja Claude Puel ya kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Montpellier da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2010 |title=Montpellier v. Lyon Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204035/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan gida da suka buga da Auxerre a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Lyon v. Auxerre Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204107/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2010, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, yana amincewa da kwangilar shekaru uku. Saboda har yanzu yana da sauran shekara guda a kwangilarsa ta ''matasa'', kwangilar za ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2010 |title=Lacazette passe pro... dans un an |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704200916/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[France Football]] |language=fr}}</ref> Nasarar da Lacazette ya samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010 ta sa dan wasan ya jawo hankalin kulob din Roma na Italiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=Lyon: Lacazette ne partira pas |url=http://www.maxifoot.fr/football-rss120639/lyon-lacazette.php |publisher=Maxifoot.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya kuma samu yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai, tare da abokan wasansa na kasa da kasa Yannis Tafer da Clément Grenier, saboda sadaukarwar da ya yi wa kulob din bayan ya buga wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates ta 2010 a wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]], sa'o'i bayan ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=The Epitome of Dedication? How France Under-19 Hero Alexandre Lacazette Played Three Matches in Three Days |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3358/uefa-european-under-19-championships/2010/08/02/2052505/the-epitome-of-dedication-how-france-under-19-hero-alexandre |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara atisayen kakar wasa ta 2010-11 na cikakken lokaci tare da kungiyar farko. Ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 12 na CFA na 2010-11 ga kungiyar reserve ta kulob din. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 30 ga Oktoba a wasan gida na Ligue 1 da Sochaux . <ref name="lacazette_football">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=L'heure de Lacazette |url=http://www.football.fr/lyon/articles/alexandre-lacazette-debute-sa-carriere-sous-les-meilleures-auspices-297335/ |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Football.fr}}</ref> Kwallon da ya ci a minti na 69 ta bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, wanda zai zama maki na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2010 |title=Lyon v. Sochaux Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102150951/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |archive-date=2 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai da kungiyar Benfica ta Portugal a wasan da suka buga a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a rukunin B na 2010-11, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu inda Lyon ta sha kashi da ci 4-0. Minti bayan ya shigo filin wasa, ya taimaka wa Lyon ta fara zura kwallo, wanda Yoann Gourcuff ya ci a minti na 75. Ya kuma taimaka wa Lyon ta biyu, wadda Bafétimbi Gomis ya ci a minti na 85. <ref name="lacazette_football" /> Duk da haka, Lyon ba ta iya kammala dawowar ba, inda ta sha kashi da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Coentrão inspires Benfica revival |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2002876--benfica-vs-lyon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105010750/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/matches/season%3D2011/round%3D2000118/match%3D2002876/index.html |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a rayuwarsa a wasan karshe na rukunin B na Lyon, wanda ya yi daidai da minti na 88 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da kungiyar Isra'ila Hapoel Tel Aviv . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ==== 2011–16: Tashi zuwa ga fitaccen ɗan wasa kuma ta lashe kyautar Golden Boot ==== [[Fayil:Lacazette,_Zenit-OL_2015_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2015]] Lacazette ne ya ci ƙwallon da Lyon ta ci a wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de la Ligue na 2014 da Paris Saint-Germain; duk da haka ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A watan Satumba na 2014, Lacazette ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda hakan ya sa ya koma kulob din har zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs two-year contract extension with Lyon |url=http://www.espnfc.com/french-ligue-1/story/2030874/alexandre-lacazette-signs-contract-extension-with-lyon |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da ya ci a wasan da Lille ta doke Lille da ci 3-0 a gida. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2015, Lacazette ya karya tarihin Lyon na kwallayen [[Ligue 1]] ko na Division 1 da aka ci a kakar wasa daya da kwallaye 26 a wasan da Ligue 1 ta doke Reims da ci 4-2 a waje; André Guy ya zura kwallaye 25 a Division 1 a kakar wasa ta 1968-69 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OL Keep Hat In The Ring |url=http://www.olweb.fr/en/article/ol-keep-hat-in-the-ring-67957.html |website=OL Web.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=Lyon: Alexandre Lacazette égale André Guy avec 25 buts en Ligue 1 cette saison |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2014-2015/lyon-alexandre-lacazette-egale-andre-guy-avec-25-buts-en-ligue-1-cette-saison_sto4679046/story.shtml |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2014-15 a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a Ligue 1, inda ya zura kwallaye 27. <ref name="lg1">{{Cite web |title=Official top scorer chart 2014–15 |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710062621/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Lique 1}}</ref> Lacazette ya kammala kakar wasa mai kyau ta hanyar zabensa a matsayin dan wasan Ligue 1 na Shekara a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. <ref name="poy">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2015 |title=Lacazette wins player of the year |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/lacazette-wins-player-of-year.htm |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> A tsakiyar rade-radin da ake yi na sayen 'yan wasa daga wasu kungiyoyin [[Premier League|Premier]] kamar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] bayan kakar wasa ta bana, a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya, inda ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon har zuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs new contract with Lyon through to 2019 |url=http://www.espnfc.com.ve/story/2552588/alexandre-lacazette-signs-new-contract-with-lyon |access-date=8 August 2015 |publisher=[[ESPN FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2015, ya zura dukkan kwallayen a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 9 ga Janairu 2016, ya zura kwallo ta farko a sabon filin wasa na Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a wasan da suka doke Troyes da ci 4-1 a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyon vs. Troyes - Football Match Report - January 9, 2016 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/french-ligue-1/match/424554/lyon-troyes/report}}</ref> ==== 2016–17: Kakar wasan ƙarshe a Lyon ==== A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2016, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Lyon ta doke Toulouse da ci 2-1 a gasar Ligue 1, wanda hakan ya sa ya zira kwallaye na 100 da na 101 a dukkan gasannin da Lyon ta fafata, inda ya zarce Juninho Pernambucano (wanda ya zira kwallaye 100 a wasanni 350 na gasa a Lyon) don zama na huɗu mafi yawan kwallaye a tarihin Lyon. A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon da Rafael ya zira daga nesa a minti na 72 na nasarar da UEFA Champions League ta samu a rukunin rukuni na 2016-17 a wasan rukuni na rukuni na H da ci 1-0 a waje da Dinamo Zagreb don ci gaba da haskaka fatan Lyon na ci gaba zuwa matakin knockout na gasar UEFA Champions League ta 2016-17. A farkon watan Fabrairun 2017, an ruwaito cewa Lacazette ya bayyana wa shirin talabijin na Canal Football Club cewa yana da niyyar barin Olympique Lyonnais a lokacin bazara na 2017. A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, Jean-Michel Aulas, shugaban kungiyar, ya musanta cewa Lacazette ya nemi ya tafi a wannan bazarar kuma ya ce kafofin watsa labarai sun dauke kalaman Lacazette ba bisa ka'ida ba. === Arsenal === A watan Mayun 2017, an ruwaito cewa an cimma yarjejeniya ta baki don Lacazette ya koma [[Atlético Madrid]] a lokacin bazara na 2017, amma hakan ya faskara a ranar 1 ga Yunin 2017, bayan da Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni ta amince da haramcin da Atlético ta yi na yin rijistar 'yan wasa na tsawon lokacin canja wuri guda biyu (1 ga Janairu - 2 ga Fabrairun 2017 da 1 ga Yuni - 31 ga Agustan 2017) wanda [[FIFA]] ta sanya wa kungiyar a watan Yulin 2016 saboda karya dokokin [[FIFA]] kan sayen 'yan wasa masu shekaru 20. A ranar 5 ga Yulin 2017, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da aka ruwaito ta sayo shi daga kulob din Premier League na Arsenal kan kudin da ya fi kowanne tsada a kulob din; <ref name="BBC" /> Lyon ta bayyana cewa kudin farko €53 ne.&nbsp;miliyan (£46.5)&nbsp;miliyan) da kuma har zuwa €7&nbsp;miliyan (£6.1)&nbsp;miliyan) a cikin ƙarin kari. <ref name="BBC" /> <ref name="Lyonpress" /> Kuɗin shine mafi girma da Lyon ta taɓa samu daga sayar da ɗan wasa, wanda ya zarce €41.5&nbsp;miliyan (£37.7)&nbsp;miliyan) tarihin da Corentin Tolisso ya kafa makonni uku da suka gabata na canja wurinsa zuwa [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Communiqué : Transfert de Corentin Tolisso au Bayern Munich {{!}} OLWeb.fr |url=http://www.olweb.fr/fr/article/communique-transfert-de-corentin-tolisso-au-bayern-munich-31268.html |publisher=Olympique Lyon |language=fr}}</ref> Kudin canja wurin ya kuma zarce tarihin da Arsenal ta kafa a baya na €50&nbsp;miliyan (£42.5)&nbsp;miliyan) cewa Arsenal ta biya [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] don sayen [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]] a shekarar 2013. An bai wa Lacazette rigar lamba 9. ==== 2017–18: Yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko ==== [[Fayil:Alexandre_Lacazette_2018_May.jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] wasa a shekarar 2018]] A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2017, Lacazette ya fara bugawa Arsenal wasa a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2017 da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] . Duk da cewa ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a tsakiyar rabin farko, Arsenal ta yi nasara da ci 4-1 a bugun fenariti bayan wasan ya kare da ci 1-1 a cikakken lokaci. Wannan nasarar ta zama nasararsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Arsenal. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar Premier da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] kuma ya zura kwallo bayan dakika 94 wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar cin nasara da ci 1-0 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-3. Lacazette ya kuma sami damar zura kwallo a wasanni biyu na gaba na Arsenal a gida, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Bournemouth da ci 3-0, kafin ya zura kwallo biyu a raga a wasan da suka yi da West Bromwich Albion da ci 2-0. Da kwallayen da ya ci a kan West Brom, Lacazette ya zama dan wasan Arsenal na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni uku na farko da ya buga a gida a kungiyar tun bayan Brian Marwood a watan Satumbar 1988. [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 7lhfut8sy1q0hecxmq3jixilclra7x6 885141 885138 2026-07-20T10:06:40Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362786949|Alexandre Lacazette]]" 885141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alexandre Armand Lacazette <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Squad List: Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: France (FRA) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/131752/alexandre-lacazette |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> a [[Lyon]], ga dangin asalin Guadeloupe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: 5 things on Lyon's returning star |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2022/06/16/alexandre-lacazette-5-things-on-lyon-s-returning-star |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara maza huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, Benoît, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a rukuni na biyu na Switzerland da rukuni na huɗu na Faransa . Ɗan uwansa, Romuald, shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Romuald Lacazette s'engage à Darmstadt pour trois ans |trans-title=Romuald Lacazette commits to Darmstadt for three years |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Romuald-lacazette-s-engage-a-darmstadt-pour-trois-ans/812689 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Da isowarsa kulob din, Lacazette ya fara horo a Centre Tola Vologe, cibiyar horar da kulob din. Yayin da yake horo, masu horarwa da yawa sun kwatanta shi da tsohon dan wasan gaba na Lyon Sonny Anderson, ciki har da dan wasan da kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2010 |title=Les débuts d'Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.leprogres.fr/fr/permalien/article/3093043/Les-debuts-d-Alexandre-Lacazette.html |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Le Progrès |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinsa na matashi, Lacazette ya buga wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da ta kare a matsayi na uku a <nowiki><i id="mwYA">gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 'yan shekara 18</i></nowiki> a kakar wasa ta 2007-08. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya fara bugawa kungiyar reserve ta Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), inda ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni 19 na CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national">{{Cite web |title=Statistiques détaillées de Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.foot-national.com/4377-joueur-football-Lacazette-Alexandre.html |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Foot-National}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22 a gasar CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> ==== 2009–11: Ci gaba da ci gaba ==== A lokacin rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2009-10, manaja Claude Puel ya kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Montpellier da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2010 |title=Montpellier v. Lyon Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204035/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan gida da suka buga da Auxerre a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Lyon v. Auxerre Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204107/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2010, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, yana amincewa da kwangilar shekaru uku. Saboda har yanzu yana da sauran shekara guda a kwangilarsa ta ''matasa'', kwangilar za ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2010 |title=Lacazette passe pro... dans un an |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704200916/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[France Football]] |language=fr}}</ref> Nasarar da Lacazette ya samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010 ta sa dan wasan ya jawo hankalin kulob din Roma na Italiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=Lyon: Lacazette ne partira pas |url=http://www.maxifoot.fr/football-rss120639/lyon-lacazette.php |publisher=Maxifoot.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya kuma samu yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai, tare da abokan wasansa na kasa da kasa Yannis Tafer da Clément Grenier, saboda sadaukarwar da ya yi wa kulob din bayan ya buga wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates ta 2010 a wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]], sa'o'i bayan ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=The Epitome of Dedication? How France Under-19 Hero Alexandre Lacazette Played Three Matches in Three Days |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3358/uefa-european-under-19-championships/2010/08/02/2052505/the-epitome-of-dedication-how-france-under-19-hero-alexandre |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara atisayen kakar wasa ta 2010-11 na cikakken lokaci tare da kungiyar farko. Ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 12 na CFA na 2010-11 ga kungiyar reserve ta kulob din. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 30 ga Oktoba a wasan gida na Ligue 1 da Sochaux . <ref name="lacazette_football">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=L'heure de Lacazette |url=http://www.football.fr/lyon/articles/alexandre-lacazette-debute-sa-carriere-sous-les-meilleures-auspices-297335/ |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Football.fr}}</ref> Kwallon da ya ci a minti na 69 ta bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, wanda zai zama maki na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2010 |title=Lyon v. Sochaux Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102150951/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |archive-date=2 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai da kungiyar Benfica ta Portugal a wasan da suka buga a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a rukunin B na 2010-11, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu inda Lyon ta sha kashi da ci 4-0. Minti bayan ya shigo filin wasa, ya taimaka wa Lyon ta fara zura kwallo, wanda Yoann Gourcuff ya ci a minti na 75. Ya kuma taimaka wa Lyon ta biyu, wadda Bafétimbi Gomis ya ci a minti na 85. <ref name="lacazette_football" /> Duk da haka, Lyon ba ta iya kammala dawowar ba, inda ta sha kashi da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Coentrão inspires Benfica revival |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2002876--benfica-vs-lyon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105010750/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/matches/season%3D2011/round%3D2000118/match%3D2002876/index.html |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a rayuwarsa a wasan karshe na rukunin B na Lyon, wanda ya yi daidai da minti na 88 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da kungiyar Isra'ila Hapoel Tel Aviv . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ==== 2011–16: Tashi zuwa ga fitaccen ɗan wasa kuma ta lashe kyautar Golden Boot ==== [[Fayil:Lacazette,_Zenit-OL_2015_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2015]] Lacazette ne ya ci ƙwallon da Lyon ta ci a wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de la Ligue na 2014 da Paris Saint-Germain; duk da haka ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A watan Satumba na 2014, Lacazette ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda hakan ya sa ya koma kulob din har zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs two-year contract extension with Lyon |url=http://www.espnfc.com/french-ligue-1/story/2030874/alexandre-lacazette-signs-contract-extension-with-lyon |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da ya ci a wasan da Lille ta doke Lille da ci 3-0 a gida. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2015, Lacazette ya karya tarihin Lyon na kwallayen [[Ligue 1]] ko na Division 1 da aka ci a kakar wasa daya da kwallaye 26 a wasan da Ligue 1 ta doke Reims da ci 4-2 a waje; André Guy ya zura kwallaye 25 a Division 1 a kakar wasa ta 1968-69 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OL Keep Hat In The Ring |url=http://www.olweb.fr/en/article/ol-keep-hat-in-the-ring-67957.html |website=OL Web.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=Lyon: Alexandre Lacazette égale André Guy avec 25 buts en Ligue 1 cette saison |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2014-2015/lyon-alexandre-lacazette-egale-andre-guy-avec-25-buts-en-ligue-1-cette-saison_sto4679046/story.shtml |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2014-15 a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a Ligue 1, inda ya zura kwallaye 27. <ref name="lg1">{{Cite web |title=Official top scorer chart 2014–15 |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710062621/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Lique 1}}</ref> Lacazette ya kammala kakar wasa mai kyau ta hanyar zabensa a matsayin dan wasan Ligue 1 na Shekara a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. <ref name="poy">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2015 |title=Lacazette wins player of the year |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/lacazette-wins-player-of-year.htm |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> A tsakiyar rade-radin da ake yi na sayen 'yan wasa daga wasu kungiyoyin [[Premier League|Premier]] kamar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] bayan kakar wasa ta bana, a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya, inda ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon har zuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs new contract with Lyon through to 2019 |url=http://www.espnfc.com.ve/story/2552588/alexandre-lacazette-signs-new-contract-with-lyon |access-date=8 August 2015 |publisher=[[ESPN FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2015, ya zura dukkan kwallayen a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 9 ga Janairu 2016, ya zura kwallo ta farko a sabon filin wasa na Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a wasan da suka doke Troyes da ci 4-1 a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyon vs. Troyes - Football Match Report - January 9, 2016 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/french-ligue-1/match/424554/lyon-troyes/report}}</ref> ==== 2016–17: Kakar wasan ƙarshe a Lyon ==== A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2016, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Lyon ta doke Toulouse da ci 2-1 a gasar Ligue 1, wanda hakan ya sa ya zira kwallaye na 100 da na 101 a dukkan gasannin da Lyon ta fafata, inda ya zarce Juninho Pernambucano (wanda ya zira kwallaye 100 a wasanni 350 na gasa a Lyon) don zama na huɗu mafi yawan kwallaye a tarihin Lyon. A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon da Rafael ya zira daga nesa a minti na 72 na nasarar da UEFA Champions League ta samu a rukunin rukuni na 2016-17 a wasan rukuni na rukuni na H da ci 1-0 a waje da Dinamo Zagreb don ci gaba da haskaka fatan Lyon na ci gaba zuwa matakin knockout na gasar UEFA Champions League ta 2016-17. A farkon watan Fabrairun 2017, an ruwaito cewa Lacazette ya bayyana wa shirin talabijin na Canal Football Club cewa yana da niyyar barin Olympique Lyonnais a lokacin bazara na 2017. A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, Jean-Michel Aulas, shugaban kungiyar, ya musanta cewa Lacazette ya nemi ya tafi a wannan bazarar kuma ya ce kafofin watsa labarai sun dauke kalaman Lacazette ba bisa ka'ida ba. === Arsenal === A watan Mayun 2017, an ruwaito cewa an cimma yarjejeniya ta baki don Lacazette ya koma [[Atlético Madrid]] a lokacin bazara na 2017, amma hakan ya faskara a ranar 1 ga Yunin 2017, bayan da Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni ta amince da haramcin da Atlético ta yi na yin rijistar 'yan wasa na tsawon lokacin canja wuri guda biyu (1 ga Janairu - 2 ga Fabrairun 2017 da 1 ga Yuni - 31 ga Agustan 2017) wanda [[FIFA]] ta sanya wa kungiyar a watan Yulin 2016 saboda karya dokokin [[FIFA]] kan sayen 'yan wasa masu shekaru 20. A ranar 5 ga Yulin 2017, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da aka ruwaito ta sayo shi daga kulob din Premier League na Arsenal kan kudin da ya fi kowanne tsada a kulob din; <ref name="BBC" /> Lyon ta bayyana cewa kudin farko €53 ne.&nbsp;miliyan (£46.5)&nbsp;miliyan) da kuma har zuwa €7&nbsp;miliyan (£6.1)&nbsp;miliyan) a cikin ƙarin kari. <ref name="BBC" /> <ref name="Lyonpress" /> Kuɗin shine mafi girma da Lyon ta taɓa samu daga sayar da ɗan wasa, wanda ya zarce €41.5&nbsp;miliyan (£37.7)&nbsp;miliyan) tarihin da Corentin Tolisso ya kafa makonni uku da suka gabata na canja wurinsa zuwa [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Communiqué : Transfert de Corentin Tolisso au Bayern Munich {{!}} OLWeb.fr |url=http://www.olweb.fr/fr/article/communique-transfert-de-corentin-tolisso-au-bayern-munich-31268.html |publisher=Olympique Lyon |language=fr}}</ref> Kudin canja wurin ya kuma zarce tarihin da Arsenal ta kafa a baya na €50&nbsp;miliyan (£42.5)&nbsp;miliyan) cewa Arsenal ta biya [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] don sayen [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]] a shekarar 2013. An bai wa Lacazette rigar lamba 9. ==== 2017–18: Yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko ==== [[Fayil:Alexandre_Lacazette_2018_May.jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] wasa a shekarar 2018]] A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2017, Lacazette ya fara bugawa Arsenal wasa a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2017 da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] . Duk da cewa ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a tsakiyar rabin farko, Arsenal ta yi nasara da ci 4-1 a bugun fenariti bayan wasan ya kare da ci 1-1 a cikakken lokaci. Wannan nasarar ta zama nasararsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Arsenal. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar Premier da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] kuma ya zura kwallo bayan dakika 94 wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar cin nasara da ci 1-0 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-3. Lacazette ya kuma sami damar zura kwallo a wasanni biyu na gaba na Arsenal a gida, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Bournemouth da ci 3-0, kafin ya zura kwallo biyu a raga a wasan da suka yi da West Bromwich Albion da ci 2-0. Da kwallayen da ya ci a kan West Brom, Lacazette ya zama dan wasan Arsenal na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni uku na farko da ya buga a gida a kungiyar tun bayan Brian Marwood a watan Satumbar 1988. Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a waje ga Arsenal, a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Everton da ci 5-2 a Goodison Park, inda ya ci kwallo ta uku daga [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]], wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar zura kwallo ta uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2017 |title=Everton 2–5 Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41625741 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta shida a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da Arsenal ta sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da ci 3-1 a waje bayan ya ci kwallon da Aaron Ramsey ya ba shi, duk da cewa bai fara wasan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title=Manchester City 3–1 Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41792812 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallon farko ta Arsenal a wasan da suka doke Huddersfield Town da ci 5-0, kuma a watan Disamba, ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Arsenal ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 3-1 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2017 |title=Arsenal 1–3 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42119930 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan wani lokaci mai tsawo yana jinya, Lacazette ya dawo cikin tawagar Arsenal a wasan da suka doke Stoke City da ci 3-0 a gida a watan Maris, inda ya maye gurbin Danny Welbeck a minti na 61 kuma ya zura kwallo ta uku ta Gunners a wasan, bayan sabon dan wasan da aka nada kuma mai tsaron raga Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, ya ba Lacazette damar daukar fanareti. Lacazette zai zura kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a gasar Europa League ga Arsenal, a wasan da suka doke CSKA Moscow da ci 4-1, wanda hakan ya zama kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Turai ga kungiyar. Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta uku a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai ga Arsenal, ta hanyar zura kwallo a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Atlético Madrid. Kwallon ita ce kwallo ta bakwai da Lacazette ya zura a wasanni bakwai da ya buga wa kungiyar tun bayan dawowa daga rauni. Lacazette ya zura kwallo a wasan karshe na Arsenal a gida, inda ya doke Burnley da ci 5-0, kwallo ta biyu da kungiyar ta zura a gasar da kuma kwallonsa ta sha hudu a kakar wasa ta bana, Lacazette shi ma ya samu taimako a kwallon farko da kungiyar ta zura. ==== 2018–22: Ɗan wasan Arsenal mafi kyau a kakar wasa, lashe Kofin FA, kyaftin da kuma barinsa ==== Bayan tafiyar koci Arsene Wenger, Lacazette ya samu kansa a benci a karkashin sabon koci [[Unai Emery]], inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2018 |title=Arsenal 0–2 Man City: Unai Emery's opener is a reality check for Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45138012 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2018 |title=Chelsea 3–2 Arsenal: 'Chaotic classic exposes both sides' title limitations' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45236243 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2018 |title=Arsenal 3–1 West Ham United: Unai Emery secures first win as Gunners boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45230637 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara wasa a karkashin Emery a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Cardiff City da ci 3-2 a waje a ranar 2 ga Satumba, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo sannan ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2018 |title=Cardiff 2–3 Arsenal: Gunners win through Alexandre Lacazette's late strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45312124 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Afrilun 2019, Lacazette ya ci kwallo ta biyu a Arsenal a wasan da suka doke [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sa Arsenal ta koma matsayi na uku da maki biyu a bayan abokan hamayyarta [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], Chelsea da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] . Kwallon ta nuna kwallo ta goma sha uku da Lacazette ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana a gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Arsenal 2–0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47688981 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Mayun 2019, magoya bayan Arsenal suka zabi Lacazette a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi kowanne a kungiyar. <ref name="arsenalpots">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Rob |date=4 May 2019 |title=2018/19 Player of the Season: Alex Lacazette |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/201819-player-season-alex-lacazette |access-date=5 May 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2019-20 a wasan farko da Arsenal ta buga a gida, inda ta yi nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Burnley a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2019. A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2020, an zabi Lacazette don fara wasa a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2020 da Chelsea, yayin da Arsenal ta lashe Kofin FA na 14. Lacazette ya ci kwallon farko ta Arsenal a kakar wasa ta 2020-21 a wasan da suka doke Fulham da ci 3-0 a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2020. Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni uku da aka fara a gasar a watan Satumba, kuma an zabe shi a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu a matsayin dan wasan wata a shafin yanar gizon Arsenal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vote for your September Player of the Month! |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/vote-your-september-player-month-0 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabriel is our September Player of the Month! |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/gabriel-our-september-player-month |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2021, Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan da suka doke Tottenham Hotspur da ci 2-1 a wasan hamayya na Arewacin London, wanda ya zama dan wasa na farko da Arsenal ta ci kwallo a wasanni uku a jere a gasar lig a gida da abokin hamayyarsu na Arewacin London tun daga 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Arsenal 2–1 Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/56247541 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya zura kwallonsa ta 50 a gasar Premier a wasan da suka doke Sheffield United da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2021 |title=Match report: Sheffield United 0-3 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2021-Apr-11/sheffield-united-0-3-arsenal-match-report |access-date=13 April 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> Da kwallaye 13, ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a Arsenal a gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |title=English Premier League Scoring Stats 2020-21 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/stats/_/league/ENG.1/season/2020 |website=ESPN}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0n1u0pudwv1bpe6y5w0loifv3jhh24u 885142 885141 2026-07-20T10:08:40Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362786949|Alexandre Lacazette]]" 885142 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alexandre Armand Lacazette <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Squad List: Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: France (FRA) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/131752/alexandre-lacazette |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> a [[Lyon]], ga dangin asalin Guadeloupe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: 5 things on Lyon's returning star |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2022/06/16/alexandre-lacazette-5-things-on-lyon-s-returning-star |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara maza huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, Benoît, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a rukuni na biyu na Switzerland da rukuni na huɗu na Faransa . Ɗan uwansa, Romuald, shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Romuald Lacazette s'engage à Darmstadt pour trois ans |trans-title=Romuald Lacazette commits to Darmstadt for three years |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Romuald-lacazette-s-engage-a-darmstadt-pour-trois-ans/812689 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Da isowarsa kulob din, Lacazette ya fara horo a Centre Tola Vologe, cibiyar horar da kulob din. Yayin da yake horo, masu horarwa da yawa sun kwatanta shi da tsohon dan wasan gaba na Lyon Sonny Anderson, ciki har da dan wasan da kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2010 |title=Les débuts d'Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.leprogres.fr/fr/permalien/article/3093043/Les-debuts-d-Alexandre-Lacazette.html |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Le Progrès |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinsa na matashi, Lacazette ya buga wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da ta kare a matsayi na uku a <nowiki><i id="mwYA">gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 'yan shekara 18</i></nowiki> a kakar wasa ta 2007-08. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya fara bugawa kungiyar reserve ta Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), inda ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni 19 na CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national">{{Cite web |title=Statistiques détaillées de Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.foot-national.com/4377-joueur-football-Lacazette-Alexandre.html |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Foot-National}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22 a gasar CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> ==== 2009–11: Ci gaba da ci gaba ==== A lokacin rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2009-10, manaja Claude Puel ya kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Montpellier da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2010 |title=Montpellier v. Lyon Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204035/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan gida da suka buga da Auxerre a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Lyon v. Auxerre Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204107/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2010, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, yana amincewa da kwangilar shekaru uku. Saboda har yanzu yana da sauran shekara guda a kwangilarsa ta ''matasa'', kwangilar za ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2010 |title=Lacazette passe pro... dans un an |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704200916/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[France Football]] |language=fr}}</ref> Nasarar da Lacazette ya samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010 ta sa dan wasan ya jawo hankalin kulob din Roma na Italiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=Lyon: Lacazette ne partira pas |url=http://www.maxifoot.fr/football-rss120639/lyon-lacazette.php |publisher=Maxifoot.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya kuma samu yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai, tare da abokan wasansa na kasa da kasa Yannis Tafer da Clément Grenier, saboda sadaukarwar da ya yi wa kulob din bayan ya buga wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates ta 2010 a wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]], sa'o'i bayan ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=The Epitome of Dedication? How France Under-19 Hero Alexandre Lacazette Played Three Matches in Three Days |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3358/uefa-european-under-19-championships/2010/08/02/2052505/the-epitome-of-dedication-how-france-under-19-hero-alexandre |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara atisayen kakar wasa ta 2010-11 na cikakken lokaci tare da kungiyar farko. Ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 12 na CFA na 2010-11 ga kungiyar reserve ta kulob din. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 30 ga Oktoba a wasan gida na Ligue 1 da Sochaux . <ref name="lacazette_football">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=L'heure de Lacazette |url=http://www.football.fr/lyon/articles/alexandre-lacazette-debute-sa-carriere-sous-les-meilleures-auspices-297335/ |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Football.fr}}</ref> Kwallon da ya ci a minti na 69 ta bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, wanda zai zama maki na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2010 |title=Lyon v. Sochaux Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102150951/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |archive-date=2 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai da kungiyar Benfica ta Portugal a wasan da suka buga a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a rukunin B na 2010-11, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu inda Lyon ta sha kashi da ci 4-0. Minti bayan ya shigo filin wasa, ya taimaka wa Lyon ta fara zura kwallo, wanda Yoann Gourcuff ya ci a minti na 75. Ya kuma taimaka wa Lyon ta biyu, wadda Bafétimbi Gomis ya ci a minti na 85. <ref name="lacazette_football" /> Duk da haka, Lyon ba ta iya kammala dawowar ba, inda ta sha kashi da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Coentrão inspires Benfica revival |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2002876--benfica-vs-lyon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105010750/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/matches/season%3D2011/round%3D2000118/match%3D2002876/index.html |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a rayuwarsa a wasan karshe na rukunin B na Lyon, wanda ya yi daidai da minti na 88 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da kungiyar Isra'ila Hapoel Tel Aviv . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ==== 2011–16: Tashi zuwa ga fitaccen ɗan wasa kuma ta lashe kyautar Golden Boot ==== [[Fayil:Lacazette,_Zenit-OL_2015_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2015]] Lacazette ne ya ci ƙwallon da Lyon ta ci a wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de la Ligue na 2014 da Paris Saint-Germain; duk da haka ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A watan Satumba na 2014, Lacazette ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda hakan ya sa ya koma kulob din har zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs two-year contract extension with Lyon |url=http://www.espnfc.com/french-ligue-1/story/2030874/alexandre-lacazette-signs-contract-extension-with-lyon |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da ya ci a wasan da Lille ta doke Lille da ci 3-0 a gida. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2015, Lacazette ya karya tarihin Lyon na kwallayen [[Ligue 1]] ko na Division 1 da aka ci a kakar wasa daya da kwallaye 26 a wasan da Ligue 1 ta doke Reims da ci 4-2 a waje; André Guy ya zura kwallaye 25 a Division 1 a kakar wasa ta 1968-69 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OL Keep Hat In The Ring |url=http://www.olweb.fr/en/article/ol-keep-hat-in-the-ring-67957.html |website=OL Web.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=Lyon: Alexandre Lacazette égale André Guy avec 25 buts en Ligue 1 cette saison |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2014-2015/lyon-alexandre-lacazette-egale-andre-guy-avec-25-buts-en-ligue-1-cette-saison_sto4679046/story.shtml |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2014-15 a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a Ligue 1, inda ya zura kwallaye 27. <ref name="lg1">{{Cite web |title=Official top scorer chart 2014–15 |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710062621/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Lique 1}}</ref> Lacazette ya kammala kakar wasa mai kyau ta hanyar zabensa a matsayin dan wasan Ligue 1 na Shekara a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. <ref name="poy">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2015 |title=Lacazette wins player of the year |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/lacazette-wins-player-of-year.htm |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> A tsakiyar rade-radin da ake yi na sayen 'yan wasa daga wasu kungiyoyin [[Premier League|Premier]] kamar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] bayan kakar wasa ta bana, a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya, inda ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon har zuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs new contract with Lyon through to 2019 |url=http://www.espnfc.com.ve/story/2552588/alexandre-lacazette-signs-new-contract-with-lyon |access-date=8 August 2015 |publisher=[[ESPN FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2015, ya zura dukkan kwallayen a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 9 ga Janairu 2016, ya zura kwallo ta farko a sabon filin wasa na Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a wasan da suka doke Troyes da ci 4-1 a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyon vs. Troyes - Football Match Report - January 9, 2016 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/french-ligue-1/match/424554/lyon-troyes/report}}</ref> ==== 2016–17: Kakar wasan ƙarshe a Lyon ==== A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2016, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Lyon ta doke Toulouse da ci 2-1 a gasar Ligue 1, wanda hakan ya sa ya zira kwallaye na 100 da na 101 a dukkan gasannin da Lyon ta fafata, inda ya zarce Juninho Pernambucano (wanda ya zira kwallaye 100 a wasanni 350 na gasa a Lyon) don zama na huɗu mafi yawan kwallaye a tarihin Lyon. A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon da Rafael ya zira daga nesa a minti na 72 na nasarar da UEFA Champions League ta samu a rukunin rukuni na 2016-17 a wasan rukuni na rukuni na H da ci 1-0 a waje da Dinamo Zagreb don ci gaba da haskaka fatan Lyon na ci gaba zuwa matakin knockout na gasar UEFA Champions League ta 2016-17. A farkon watan Fabrairun 2017, an ruwaito cewa Lacazette ya bayyana wa shirin talabijin na Canal Football Club cewa yana da niyyar barin Olympique Lyonnais a lokacin bazara na 2017. A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, Jean-Michel Aulas, shugaban kungiyar, ya musanta cewa Lacazette ya nemi ya tafi a wannan bazarar kuma ya ce kafofin watsa labarai sun dauke kalaman Lacazette ba bisa ka'ida ba. === Arsenal === A watan Mayun 2017, an ruwaito cewa an cimma yarjejeniya ta baki don Lacazette ya koma [[Atlético Madrid]] a lokacin bazara na 2017, amma hakan ya faskara a ranar 1 ga Yunin 2017, bayan da Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni ta amince da haramcin da Atlético ta yi na yin rijistar 'yan wasa na tsawon lokacin canja wuri guda biyu (1 ga Janairu - 2 ga Fabrairun 2017 da 1 ga Yuni - 31 ga Agustan 2017) wanda [[FIFA]] ta sanya wa kungiyar a watan Yulin 2016 saboda karya dokokin [[FIFA]] kan sayen 'yan wasa masu shekaru 20. A ranar 5 ga Yulin 2017, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da aka ruwaito ta sayo shi daga kulob din Premier League na Arsenal kan kudin da ya fi kowanne tsada a kulob din; <ref name="BBC" /> Lyon ta bayyana cewa kudin farko €53 ne.&nbsp;miliyan (£46.5)&nbsp;miliyan) da kuma har zuwa €7&nbsp;miliyan (£6.1)&nbsp;miliyan) a cikin ƙarin kari. <ref name="BBC" /> <ref name="Lyonpress" /> Kuɗin shine mafi girma da Lyon ta taɓa samu daga sayar da ɗan wasa, wanda ya zarce €41.5&nbsp;miliyan (£37.7)&nbsp;miliyan) tarihin da Corentin Tolisso ya kafa makonni uku da suka gabata na canja wurinsa zuwa [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Communiqué : Transfert de Corentin Tolisso au Bayern Munich {{!}} OLWeb.fr |url=http://www.olweb.fr/fr/article/communique-transfert-de-corentin-tolisso-au-bayern-munich-31268.html |publisher=Olympique Lyon |language=fr}}</ref> Kudin canja wurin ya kuma zarce tarihin da Arsenal ta kafa a baya na €50&nbsp;miliyan (£42.5)&nbsp;miliyan) cewa Arsenal ta biya [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] don sayen [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]] a shekarar 2013. An bai wa Lacazette rigar lamba 9. ==== 2017–18: Yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko ==== [[Fayil:Alexandre_Lacazette_2018_May.jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] wasa a shekarar 2018]] A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2017, Lacazette ya fara bugawa Arsenal wasa a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2017 da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] . Duk da cewa ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a tsakiyar rabin farko, Arsenal ta yi nasara da ci 4-1 a bugun fenariti bayan wasan ya kare da ci 1-1 a cikakken lokaci. Wannan nasarar ta zama nasararsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Arsenal. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar Premier da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] kuma ya zura kwallo bayan dakika 94 wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar cin nasara da ci 1-0 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-3. Lacazette ya kuma sami damar zura kwallo a wasanni biyu na gaba na Arsenal a gida, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Bournemouth da ci 3-0, kafin ya zura kwallo biyu a raga a wasan da suka yi da West Bromwich Albion da ci 2-0. Da kwallayen da ya ci a kan West Brom, Lacazette ya zama dan wasan Arsenal na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni uku na farko da ya buga a gida a kungiyar tun bayan Brian Marwood a watan Satumbar 1988. Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a waje ga Arsenal, a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Everton da ci 5-2 a Goodison Park, inda ya ci kwallo ta uku daga [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]], wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar zura kwallo ta uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2017 |title=Everton 2–5 Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41625741 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta shida a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da Arsenal ta sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da ci 3-1 a waje bayan ya ci kwallon da Aaron Ramsey ya ba shi, duk da cewa bai fara wasan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title=Manchester City 3–1 Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41792812 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallon farko ta Arsenal a wasan da suka doke Huddersfield Town da ci 5-0, kuma a watan Disamba, ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Arsenal ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 3-1 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2017 |title=Arsenal 1–3 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42119930 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan wani lokaci mai tsawo yana jinya, Lacazette ya dawo cikin tawagar Arsenal a wasan da suka doke Stoke City da ci 3-0 a gida a watan Maris, inda ya maye gurbin Danny Welbeck a minti na 61 kuma ya zura kwallo ta uku ta Gunners a wasan, bayan sabon dan wasan da aka nada kuma mai tsaron raga Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, ya ba Lacazette damar daukar fanareti. Lacazette zai zura kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a gasar Europa League ga Arsenal, a wasan da suka doke CSKA Moscow da ci 4-1, wanda hakan ya zama kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Turai ga kungiyar. Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta uku a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai ga Arsenal, ta hanyar zura kwallo a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Atlético Madrid. Kwallon ita ce kwallo ta bakwai da Lacazette ya zura a wasanni bakwai da ya buga wa kungiyar tun bayan dawowa daga rauni. Lacazette ya zura kwallo a wasan karshe na Arsenal a gida, inda ya doke Burnley da ci 5-0, kwallo ta biyu da kungiyar ta zura a gasar da kuma kwallonsa ta sha hudu a kakar wasa ta bana, Lacazette shi ma ya samu taimako a kwallon farko da kungiyar ta zura. ==== 2018–22: Ɗan wasan Arsenal mafi kyau a kakar wasa, lashe Kofin FA, kyaftin da kuma barinsa ==== Bayan tafiyar koci Arsene Wenger, Lacazette ya samu kansa a benci a karkashin sabon koci [[Unai Emery]], inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2018 |title=Arsenal 0–2 Man City: Unai Emery's opener is a reality check for Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45138012 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2018 |title=Chelsea 3–2 Arsenal: 'Chaotic classic exposes both sides' title limitations' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45236243 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2018 |title=Arsenal 3–1 West Ham United: Unai Emery secures first win as Gunners boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45230637 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara wasa a karkashin Emery a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Cardiff City da ci 3-2 a waje a ranar 2 ga Satumba, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo sannan ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2018 |title=Cardiff 2–3 Arsenal: Gunners win through Alexandre Lacazette's late strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45312124 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Afrilun 2019, Lacazette ya ci kwallo ta biyu a Arsenal a wasan da suka doke [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sa Arsenal ta koma matsayi na uku da maki biyu a bayan abokan hamayyarta [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], Chelsea da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] . Kwallon ta nuna kwallo ta goma sha uku da Lacazette ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana a gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Arsenal 2–0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47688981 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Mayun 2019, magoya bayan Arsenal suka zabi Lacazette a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi kowanne a kungiyar. <ref name="arsenalpots">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Rob |date=4 May 2019 |title=2018/19 Player of the Season: Alex Lacazette |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/201819-player-season-alex-lacazette |access-date=5 May 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2019-20 a wasan farko da Arsenal ta buga a gida, inda ta yi nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Burnley a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2019. A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2020, an zabi Lacazette don fara wasa a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2020 da Chelsea, yayin da Arsenal ta lashe Kofin FA na 14. Lacazette ya ci kwallon farko ta Arsenal a kakar wasa ta 2020-21 a wasan da suka doke Fulham da ci 3-0 a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2020. Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni uku da aka fara a gasar a watan Satumba, kuma an zabe shi a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu a matsayin dan wasan wata a shafin yanar gizon Arsenal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vote for your September Player of the Month! |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/vote-your-september-player-month-0 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabriel is our September Player of the Month! |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/gabriel-our-september-player-month |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2021, Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan da suka doke Tottenham Hotspur da ci 2-1 a wasan hamayya na Arewacin London, wanda ya zama dan wasa na farko da Arsenal ta ci kwallo a wasanni uku a jere a gasar lig a gida da abokin hamayyarsu na Arewacin London tun daga 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Arsenal 2–1 Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/56247541 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya zura kwallonsa ta 50 a gasar Premier a wasan da suka doke Sheffield United da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2021 |title=Match report: Sheffield United 0-3 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2021-Apr-11/sheffield-united-0-3-arsenal-match-report |access-date=13 April 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> Da kwallaye 13, ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a Arsenal a gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |title=English Premier League Scoring Stats 2020-21 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/stats/_/league/ENG.1/season/2020 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2022, Arsenal ta sanar da cewa Lacazette zai bar kulob din bayan karewar kwantiraginsa a ranar 30 ga Yuni. === Komawa Lyon === [[Fayil:Lacazette_vs_MHSC_7_May_2023.png|thumb|Lacazette zai buga wa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2023]] A ranar 9 ga Yuni 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette revient à l'OL et s'engage jusqu'en 2025 |trans-title=Alexandre Lacazette returns to OL and signs until 2025 |url=https://www.ol.fr/fr-fr/contenus/articles/2022/06/08/alexandre-lacazette-revient-a-l-ol-et-s-engage-jusqu-en-2025 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta biyu da kulob din daga bugun fenariti a wasan da suka yi da Ajaccio a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a gida a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2022 |title=Lyon edge Ajaccio in opening game of new French season |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/639617 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Maris 2023, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 da Lille, inda ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin Lyon, wanda ya yi kunnen doki da Bernard Lacombe da kwallaye 149. <ref>{{Cite web |title=L'OL arrache le nul à Lille après un scénario fou |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/L-ol-arrache-le-nul-a-lille-apres-un-scenario-fou/1385196 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana shida, ya zura kwallaye a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Nantes, kwallo ta 150 da ya zura a kulob din wanda hakan ya sanya shi dan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin kulob din, bayan Fleury Di Nallo da kwallaye 222. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette deuxième meilleur buteur de l'histoire de l'OL |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Alexandre-lacazette-deuxieme-meilleur-buteur-de-l-histoire-de-l-ol/1386514 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallaye hudu a wasan da suka yi da Montpellier da ci 5-4, ciki har da bugun fenariti da ya ci a minti na karshe, uku daga cikin kwallayen da ya ci an taimaka musu da abokin wasansa Bradley Barcola . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2023 |title=L'OL arrache une victoire complètement folle face à Montpellier (5-4) |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/L-ol-arrache-une-victoire-completement-folle-face-a-montpellier-5-4/1395355 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> Lacazette ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe a Lyon a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2025 inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Angers da ci 2-0, inda ya zira kwallaye na 200 da na 201 a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PLAYER RATINGS {{!}} Lyon 2-0 Angers: Alexandre Lacazette bids farewell with his 200th goal as OL secure European qualification |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/player-ratings-lyon-2-0-210900248.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> === Neom SC === Lacazette ya koma kulob din Saudi Pro League Neom SC kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2025. <ref name=":0" /> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 14 ga Satumba, ya zura kwallayensa na farko ta hanyar zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Damac da ci 2-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2025 |title=Damac 1–2 Neom SC |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/755920 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === [[Fayil:Alexandre_Lacazette.jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa U21 a shekarar 2011]] Lacazette ya buga wa dukkan ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasar Faransa wasa, tun daga lokacin da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|Kamaru]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2007 a gasar Montaigu . Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni huɗu a gasar. Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, Lacazette ya kasance ɗan wasa na yau da kullun kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga cancantar ƙungiyar don shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2008. A gasar, ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Jamhuriyar Ireland a matakin rukuni. Daga baya Faransa ta kai wasan ƙarshe inda Spain ta doke ƙungiyar da ci 4-0. Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da Ukraine . Ya buga wasanni goma cikin goma sha ɗaya da ƙungiyar ta fafata inda ya zura ƙwallo ɗaya, wanda ya zo da Denmark a gasar Tournoi de Limoges. A matsayinsa na ɗan ƙasa da shekara 19, kocin ƙungiyar Francis Smerecki ya sake kiran Lacazette, inda ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 4-2 da Netherlands a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2009. Ya zura ƙwallo ta farko ga ƙungiyar a ranar 4 ga Maris 2010 a wasan da suka yi da Ukraine da ci 2-1. A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2010, an naɗa Lacazette a matsayin kocin tawagar Smerecki mai mutum 18 don shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA European Under-19 ta 2010. A gasar, ya zura ƙwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da Austria da ci 5-0 a rukunin A. Daga baya Faransa ta kai wasan karshe inda ta fafata da Spain, wacce ta kunshi 'yan wasan da suka doke Faransa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2008. A wasan, Faransa ta dawo daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ta lashe 2-1, inda Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba ta nasara a wasan a minti na 85 bayan da [[Gaël Kakuta]] ya yi karo da wata kwallo da ta bugi kwallo. Ta haka Faransa ta lashe kofin gasar UEFA ta Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 karo na biyu. Saboda nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA, kasar ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta 2011. Wannan ya sa Lacazette ya buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 wasa. Ya fara buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 wasa a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2010 a wasan sada zumunta da Portugal . Wasan ya kare da ci 3-3, inda Lacazette ya zura kwallon farko a wasan. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da kungiyar ta doke kungiyar Juventus Primavera da ci 5-0. Wasan ba a hukumance ba ne kuma an fafata shi ne a bikin Yarjejeniyar Turin . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa Ingila nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A watan Maris na 2011, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye a wasanni biyu da suka yi da Peru . A ranar 10 ga Yuni 2011, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 21 da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta 2011. Ya fara buga gasar a wasan farko na rukuni na A da Faransa ta buga a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2011 da kasar mai masaukin baki Colombia (Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 4-1), inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2011 |title=Colombia 4–1 France |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145857/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919232048/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145857/index.html |archive-date=19 September 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]]}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na gaba na rukunin A da Koriya ta Kudu, Lacazette ya sake bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa kuma ya zura kwallon karshe (a lokacin raunin da ya samu a rabin lokaci na biyu) na wasan, wanda Faransa ta yi nasara da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2011 |title=France 3–1 South Korea |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145855/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122062406/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145855/index.html |archive-date=22 November 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallo daya a wasan karshe na rukuni na A da Faransa ta yi nasara da ci 2-0 a kan Mali . Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan kwata-kwata da [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Maza ta Najeriya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20|Najeriya]] da kuma kwallo daya a wasan da ya zo na uku da Mexico . Ya kare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 5, tare da Henrique Almeida da Álvaro Vázquez . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Babban ɗalibi === A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2013, Lacazette ya sami kiran farko zuwa manyan 'yan wasa bayan da aka cire Jérémy Ménez daga buga wasa saboda rauni. <ref name="ESPN FC" /> Ya fara buga wa Faransa wasa a ranar 5 ga Yuni, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin [[Olivier Giroud]] a minti na 58 a wasan sada zumunta da Uruguay suka sha kashi 0-1 a Estadio Centenario a Montevideo. Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ta kasa da kasa a ranar 29 ga Maris 2015, inda ya bude wasan sada zumunci da Denmark da ci 2-0 a Stade Geoffroy-Guichard da ke Saint-Étienne . A lokacin wasan, wasu magoya bayan gida sun yi masa ihu saboda hamayyarsu da Lyon . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2015 |title=France recover from Brazil loss with 2-0 win over Denmark |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150330-football-france-denmark-friendly-win |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=France24}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2017, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Faransa a wasan sada zumunci da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 2-2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany 2–2 France |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/international-friendlies/2017/live-germany-france_mtc998614/live.shtml |website=Eurosport.com}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2018, an sanya shi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke jiran a fara [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018]] a Rasha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette and Anthony Martial on standby for France World Cup squad and Dimitri Payet out |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12025/11376691/alexandre-lacazette-and-anthony-martial-on-standby-for-france-world-cup-squad-and-dimitri-payet-out |website=skysports.com |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> An sanya shi a cikin 'yan wasan da za su wakilci Faransa a lokacin gasar Olympics ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Paris, kuma an nada shi kyaftin na ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=X (twitter)- National Football Team of France Page - Olympics team sheet |url=https://x.com/equipedefrance/status/1810268841097724078 |website=}}</ref> Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da aka ba wa izinin shiga ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Faransa (waɗanda ke wakiltar Faransa a gasar Olympics), a lokacin da ake sa ran za a fafata da Jamhuriyar Dominican a wani wasan sada zumunci na ƙasa da ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=365 scores - u23 friendly international - France U23 vs Dominican Republic U23. |url=https://www.365scores.com/football/match/u23-friendly-international-7267/dominican-republic-u23-france-u23-57836-68162-7267 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.365scores.com}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Lacazette ya taɓa buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] a Lyon, kafin ya zama ɗan wasan gaba . <ref name="Sky_14Jul2015">{{Cite web |last=Laurence |first=Martin |title=Lyon's Alexandre Lacazette could be solution to Arsenal's striker dilemma |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/9912559/lyons-alexandre-lacazette-could-be-solution-to-arsenals-striker-dilemma |access-date=3 July 2017 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Baya ga iya cin kwallaye da kuma iya kammala wasa, halayen wasansa sun haɗa da ƙarfi, daidaito, dabara, dribbling, haɗa ƙwallon, da kuma iyawa da ƙafa ɗaya. Shi ma ɗan wasa ne mai aiki tuƙuru, wanda ke matsa wa abokan hamayya lamba kuma ya dawo da ƙwallon ta hanyar amfani da ƙwarewarsa ta kariya da kuma iyawar tunkarar wasa. <ref name="FFT_22Aug2014">{{Cite web |last=LeGrand |first=Dylan |date=22 August 2014 |title=Everything you need to know about... Alexandre Lacazette |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/everything-you-need-know-about-alexandre-lacazette |access-date=3 July 2017 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dorrington |first=Nick |date=23 December 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Could the Lyon forward spark Liverpool's firepower? |url=http://www.espn.in/soccer/blog/name/78/post/2213097/headline |access-date=19 January 2019 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> <ref name="Lacazette Wright">{{Cite web |last=Karen |first=Mattias |date=5 July 2017 |title=Alexandre Lacazette can be 'like Ian Wright' for Arsenal – Gerard Houllier |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3153525/alexandre-lacazette-can-be-like-ian-wright-for-arsenal-gerard-houllier |access-date=19 January 2019 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ɗan wasan Faransa Gérard Houllier ya ce a watan Yulin 2017 cewa Lacazette "ya yi kama da" tsohon ɗan wasan Arsenal Ian Wright . <ref name="metro.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=5 July 2017 |title=Alexandre Lacazette is like Ian Wright, says Gerard Houllier |url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/07/05/arsenal-transfer-target-alexandre-lacazette-is-like-ian-wright-says-gerard-houllier-6757159/ |website=Metro}}</ref> <ref name="Lacazette Wright" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] gxlgih7sx9mnmq6ko6fzxx4w1wcajmf 885154 885142 2026-07-20T10:33:47Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 885154 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Alexandre Armand Lacazette''' ( ; an haife shi a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga ƙwallon gaba a ƙungiyar Neom ta Saudi Pro League . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 July 2025 |title=Alexandre Lacazette joins Neom SC |url=https://www.getfootballnewsfrance.com/2025/official-alexandre-lacazette-joins-neom-sc/ |access-date=1 July 2025 |website=Get French Football News}}</ref> Yana buga wasa galibi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba, amma kuma an tura shi a matsayin ɗan wasan gaba na biyu da kuma [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gaba mai faɗi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arteta believes new position suits Lacazette after standout Europa League effort {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-us/news/arteta-believes-new-position-suits-lacazette-after-standout/llvzsjzvc2411cah1ad4pui5b |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara aikinsa na babban matsayi tare da ƙungiyar Lyon ta garinsu a shekarar 2010, yana da shekaru 19. Da farko ɗan [[Mai buga tsakiya|wasan gaba ne mai faɗi]], an mayar da shi ɗan wasan gaba, kuma ya kammala a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar Ligue 1 kuma ya lashe kyautar ɗan wasan shekara ta Ligue 1 a kakar wasa ta 2014-15 . A shekarar 2017, Lacazette ya kasance wanda aka yi wa canjin ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta tarihi lokacin da ya sanya hannu a [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] a kan yarjejeniyar da ta kai fam miliyan 46.5 (€53 miliyan), wanda ya lashe Kofin FA a 2020 kuma ya kai wasan ƙarshe na gasar UEFA Europa League ta 2019. A shekarar 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon da yarjejeniyar kyauta, kuma ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Lacazette ya fara buga wa babbar ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Faransa wasa a shekarar 2013, bayan da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a dukkan matakan matasa. Lacazette ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 19 ta UEFA a shekarar 2010, inda ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe da Spain. <ref name="ESPN FC">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2013 |title=France calls on Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.espnfc.com/story/1457666/france-subs-in-alexandre-lacazette-for-injured-jeremy-menez |access-date=11 August 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni goma sha shida. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Alexandre Armand Lacazette <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2024 |title=Squad List: Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: France (FRA) |url=https://fdp.fifa.org/assetspublic/ce158/pdf/SquadLists-English.pdf |access-date=21 April 2025 |publisher=FIFA |page=4}}</ref> a ranar 28 ga Mayu 1991 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Overview |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/131752/alexandre-lacazette |access-date=28 December 2020 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> a [[Lyon]], ga dangin asalin Guadeloupe . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: 5 things on Lyon's returning star |url=https://www.ligue1.com/Articles/NEWS/2022/06/16/alexandre-lacazette-5-things-on-lyon-s-returning-star |access-date=9 May 2023 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara maza huɗu. Ɗaya daga cikin 'yan uwansa, Benoît, ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a rukuni na biyu na Switzerland da rukuni na huɗu na Faransa . Ɗan uwansa, Romuald, shi ma ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2017 |title=Romuald Lacazette s'engage à Darmstadt pour trois ans |trans-title=Romuald Lacazette commits to Darmstadt for three years |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Romuald-lacazette-s-engage-a-darmstadt-pour-trois-ans/812689 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> == Aikin kulob == === Lyon === Da isowarsa kulob din, Lacazette ya fara horo a Centre Tola Vologe, cibiyar horar da kulob din. Yayin da yake horo, masu horarwa da yawa sun kwatanta shi da tsohon dan wasan gaba na Lyon Sonny Anderson, ciki har da dan wasan da kansa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2010 |title=Les débuts d'Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.leprogres.fr/fr/permalien/article/3093043/Les-debuts-d-Alexandre-Lacazette.html |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Le Progrès |language=fr}}</ref> A matsayinsa na matashi, Lacazette ya buga wasa a kungiyar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 da ta kare a matsayi na uku a <nowiki><i id="mwYA">gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai ta 'yan shekara 18</i></nowiki> a kakar wasa ta 2007-08. A kakar wasa mai zuwa, ya fara bugawa kungiyar reserve ta Championnat de France Amateur (CFA), inda ya zira kwallaye biyar a wasanni 19 na CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national">{{Cite web |title=Statistiques détaillées de Alexandre Lacazette |url=http://www.foot-national.com/4377-joueur-football-Lacazette-Alexandre.html |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Foot-National}}</ref> A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye 12 a wasanni 22 a gasar CFA. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> ==== 2009–11: Ci gaba da ci gaba ==== A lokacin rabin lokaci na biyu na kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2009-10, manaja Claude Puel ya kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar farko kuma ya bayyana a benci a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke Montpellier da ci 1-0 a ranar 2 ga Mayu 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2010 |title=Montpellier v. Lyon Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204035/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/45019 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a ƙungiyar farko a wasan gida da suka buga da Auxerre a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2010 |title=Lyon v. Auxerre Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313204107/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/44957 |archive-date=13 March 2012 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuli 2010, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru, yana amincewa da kwangilar shekaru uku. Saboda har yanzu yana da sauran shekara guda a kwangilarsa ta ''matasa'', kwangilar za ta fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Yuli 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2010 |title=Lacazette passe pro... dans un an |url=http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704200916/http://www.francefootball.fr/FF/breves2010/20100703_145617_lacazette-passe-pro-dans-un-an.html |archive-date=4 July 2010 |access-date=3 July 2010 |publisher=[[France Football]] |language=fr}}</ref> Nasarar da Lacazette ya samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010 ta sa dan wasan ya jawo hankalin kulob din Roma na Italiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=Lyon: Lacazette ne partira pas |url=http://www.maxifoot.fr/football-rss120639/lyon-lacazette.php |publisher=Maxifoot.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Ya kuma samu yabo daga kafofin watsa labarai, tare da abokan wasansa na kasa da kasa Yannis Tafer da Clément Grenier, saboda sadaukarwar da ya yi wa kulob din bayan ya buga wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates ta 2010 a wasan share fagen shiga gasar cin kofin Emirates da [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa ta Celtic|Celtic]], sa'o'i bayan ya buga wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA ta 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2010 |title=The Epitome of Dedication? How France Under-19 Hero Alexandre Lacazette Played Three Matches in Three Days |url=http://www.goal.com/en/news/3358/uefa-european-under-19-championships/2010/08/02/2052505/the-epitome-of-dedication-how-france-under-19-hero-alexandre |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara atisayen kakar wasa ta 2010-11 na cikakken lokaci tare da kungiyar farko. Ya zura kwallaye shida a wasanni 12 na CFA na 2010-11 ga kungiyar reserve ta kulob din. <ref name="lacazette_national" /> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a ranar 30 ga Oktoba a wasan gida na Ligue 1 da Sochaux . <ref name="lacazette_football">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2010 |title=L'heure de Lacazette |url=http://www.football.fr/lyon/articles/alexandre-lacazette-debute-sa-carriere-sous-les-meilleures-auspices-297335/ |access-date=5 November 2009 |publisher=Football.fr}}</ref> Kwallon da ya ci a minti na 69 ta bai wa Lyon damar ci 2-1, wanda zai zama maki na karshe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2010 |title=Lyon v. Sochaux Match Report |url=http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101102150951/http://new.lfp.fr/ligue1/feuille_match/53732 |archive-date=2 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[Ligue de Football Professionnel]] |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana uku, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar zakarun Turai da kungiyar Benfica ta Portugal a wasan da suka buga a gasar zakarun Turai ta UEFA a rukunin B na 2010-11, inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a rabin lokaci na biyu inda Lyon ta sha kashi da ci 4-0. Minti bayan ya shigo filin wasa, ya taimaka wa Lyon ta fara zura kwallo, wanda Yoann Gourcuff ya ci a minti na 75. Ya kuma taimaka wa Lyon ta biyu, wadda Bafétimbi Gomis ya ci a minti na 85. <ref name="lacazette_football" /> Duk da haka, Lyon ba ta iya kammala dawowar ba, inda ta sha kashi da ci 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2010 |title=Coentrão inspires Benfica revival |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/match/2002876--benfica-vs-lyon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101105010750/http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/matches/season%3D2011/round%3D2000118/match%3D2002876/index.html |archive-date=5 November 2010 |access-date=5 November 2010 |publisher=[[UEFA|Union of European Football Associations]]}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Disamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta farko a gasar zakarun Turai a rayuwarsa a wasan karshe na rukunin B na Lyon, wanda ya yi daidai da minti na 88 a wasan da suka tashi 2-2 da kungiyar Isra'ila Hapoel Tel Aviv . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ==== 2011–16: Tashi zuwa ga fitaccen ɗan wasa kuma ta lashe kyautar Golden Boot ==== [[Fayil:Lacazette,_Zenit-OL_2015_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2015]] Lacazette ne ya ci ƙwallon da Lyon ta ci a wasan ƙarshe na Coupe de la Ligue na 2014 da Paris Saint-Germain; duk da haka ƙungiyarsa ta sha kashi da ci 2-1. A watan Satumba na 2014, Lacazette ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa na tsawon shekaru biyu, wanda hakan ya sa ya koma kulob din har zuwa 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs two-year contract extension with Lyon |url=http://www.espnfc.com/french-ligue-1/story/2030874/alexandre-lacazette-signs-contract-extension-with-lyon |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ya zura kwallaye uku a karon farko a ranar 5 ga Oktoba 2014, inda ya zura dukkan kwallayen da ya ci a wasan da Lille ta doke Lille da ci 3-0 a gida. A ranar 26 ga Afrilu 2015, Lacazette ya karya tarihin Lyon na kwallayen [[Ligue 1]] ko na Division 1 da aka ci a kakar wasa daya da kwallaye 26 a wasan da Ligue 1 ta doke Reims da ci 4-2 a waje; André Guy ya zura kwallaye 25 a Division 1 a kakar wasa ta 1968-69 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=OL Keep Hat In The Ring |url=http://www.olweb.fr/en/article/ol-keep-hat-in-the-ring-67957.html |website=OL Web.fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=Lyon: Alexandre Lacazette égale André Guy avec 25 buts en Ligue 1 cette saison |url=http://www.eurosport.fr/football/ligue-1/2014-2015/lyon-alexandre-lacazette-egale-andre-guy-avec-25-buts-en-ligue-1-cette-saison_sto4679046/story.shtml |website=Eurosport}}</ref> Ya kammala kakar wasa ta Ligue 1 ta 2014-15 a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a Ligue 1, inda ya zura kwallaye 27. <ref name="lg1">{{Cite web |title=Official top scorer chart 2014–15 |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710062621/http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/classementButeurs#sai=83&journee1=1&journee2=38&cat=G&poste=Tous |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=9 July 2015 |website=Lique 1}}</ref> Lacazette ya kammala kakar wasa mai kyau ta hanyar zabensa a matsayin dan wasan Ligue 1 na Shekara a kakar wasa ta 2014-15. <ref name="poy">{{Cite web |date=18 May 2015 |title=Lacazette wins player of the year |url=http://www.ligue1.com/ligue1/article/lacazette-wins-player-of-year.htm |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=Ligue de Football Professionnel}}</ref> A tsakiyar rade-radin da ake yi na sayen 'yan wasa daga wasu kungiyoyin [[Premier League|Premier]] kamar [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] bayan kakar wasa ta bana, a ranar 8 ga Agusta 2015, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar yarjejeniya, inda ya tsawaita kwantiraginsa da Lyon har zuwa 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2015 |title=Alexandre Lacazette signs new contract with Lyon through to 2019 |url=http://www.espnfc.com.ve/story/2552588/alexandre-lacazette-signs-new-contract-with-lyon |access-date=8 August 2015 |publisher=[[ESPN FC]]}}</ref> A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 2015, ya zura dukkan kwallayen a wasan da suka doke Saint-Étienne da ci 3-0 a gasar Ligue 1 a gida. A ranar 9 ga Janairu 2016, ya zura kwallo ta farko a sabon filin wasa na Parc Olympique Lyonnais, a wasan da suka doke Troyes da ci 4-1 a gasar Ligue 1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyon vs. Troyes - Football Match Report - January 9, 2016 - ESPN |url=https://www.espn.com.au/football/french-ligue-1/match/424554/lyon-troyes/report}}</ref> ==== 2016–17: Kakar wasan ƙarshe a Lyon ==== A ranar 29 ga Oktoba, 2016, Lacazette ya zira kwallaye biyu a wasan da Lyon ta doke Toulouse da ci 2-1 a gasar Ligue 1, wanda hakan ya sa ya zira kwallaye na 100 da na 101 a dukkan gasannin da Lyon ta fafata, inda ya zarce Juninho Pernambucano (wanda ya zira kwallaye 100 a wasanni 350 na gasa a Lyon) don zama na huɗu mafi yawan kwallaye a tarihin Lyon. A ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo ta hanyar jefa ƙwallon da Rafael ya zira daga nesa a minti na 72 na nasarar da UEFA Champions League ta samu a rukunin rukuni na 2016-17 a wasan rukuni na rukuni na H da ci 1-0 a waje da Dinamo Zagreb don ci gaba da haskaka fatan Lyon na ci gaba zuwa matakin knockout na gasar UEFA Champions League ta 2016-17. A farkon watan Fabrairun 2017, an ruwaito cewa Lacazette ya bayyana wa shirin talabijin na Canal Football Club cewa yana da niyyar barin Olympique Lyonnais a lokacin bazara na 2017. A ranar 10 ga watan Fabrairu, Jean-Michel Aulas, shugaban kungiyar, ya musanta cewa Lacazette ya nemi ya tafi a wannan bazarar kuma ya ce kafofin watsa labarai sun dauke kalaman Lacazette ba bisa ka'ida ba. === Arsenal === A watan Mayun 2017, an ruwaito cewa an cimma yarjejeniya ta baki don Lacazette ya koma [[Atlético Madrid]] a lokacin bazara na 2017, amma hakan ya faskara a ranar 1 ga Yunin 2017, bayan da Kotun Sasantawa ta Wasanni ta amince da haramcin da Atlético ta yi na yin rijistar 'yan wasa na tsawon lokacin canja wuri guda biyu (1 ga Janairu - 2 ga Fabrairun 2017 da 1 ga Yuni - 31 ga Agustan 2017) wanda [[FIFA]] ta sanya wa kungiyar a watan Yulin 2016 saboda karya dokokin [[FIFA]] kan sayen 'yan wasa masu shekaru 20. A ranar 5 ga Yulin 2017, Lacazette ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar da aka ruwaito ta sayo shi daga kulob din Premier League na Arsenal kan kudin da ya fi kowanne tsada a kulob din; <ref name="BBC" /> Lyon ta bayyana cewa kudin farko €53 ne.&nbsp;miliyan (£46.5)&nbsp;miliyan) da kuma har zuwa €7&nbsp;miliyan (£6.1)&nbsp;miliyan) a cikin ƙarin kari. <ref name="BBC" /> <ref name="Lyonpress" /> Kuɗin shine mafi girma da Lyon ta taɓa samu daga sayar da ɗan wasa, wanda ya zarce €41.5&nbsp;miliyan (£37.7)&nbsp;miliyan) tarihin da Corentin Tolisso ya kafa makonni uku da suka gabata na canja wurinsa zuwa [[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Communiqué : Transfert de Corentin Tolisso au Bayern Munich {{!}} OLWeb.fr |url=http://www.olweb.fr/fr/article/communique-transfert-de-corentin-tolisso-au-bayern-munich-31268.html |publisher=Olympique Lyon |language=fr}}</ref> Kudin canja wurin ya kuma zarce tarihin da Arsenal ta kafa a baya na €50&nbsp;miliyan (£42.5)&nbsp;miliyan) cewa Arsenal ta biya [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] don sayen [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]] a shekarar 2013. An bai wa Lacazette rigar lamba 9. ==== 2017–18: Yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko ==== [[Fayil:Alexandre_Lacazette_2018_May.jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] wasa a shekarar 2018]] A ranar 6 ga Agusta 2017, Lacazette ya fara bugawa Arsenal wasa a gasar FA Community Shield ta 2017 da [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] . Duk da cewa ya buga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida a tsakiyar rabin farko, Arsenal ta yi nasara da ci 4-1 a bugun fenariti bayan wasan ya kare da ci 1-1 a cikakken lokaci. Wannan nasarar ta zama nasararsa ta farko a gasar cin kofin zakarun Turai a Arsenal. A ranar 11 ga Agusta, Lacazette ya fara buga gasar Premier da [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] kuma ya zura kwallo bayan dakika 94 wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar cin nasara da ci 1-0 a wasan da suka yi nasara da ci 4-3. Lacazette ya kuma sami damar zura kwallo a wasanni biyu na gaba na Arsenal a gida, inda ya zura kwallo ta biyu a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Bournemouth da ci 3-0, kafin ya zura kwallo biyu a raga a wasan da suka yi da West Bromwich Albion da ci 2-0. Da kwallayen da ya ci a kan West Brom, Lacazette ya zama dan wasan Arsenal na farko da ya zura kwallo a wasanni uku na farko da ya buga a gida a kungiyar tun bayan Brian Marwood a watan Satumbar 1988. Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a waje ga Arsenal, a wasan da kungiyar ta doke Everton da ci 5-2 a Goodison Park, inda ya ci kwallo ta uku daga [[Mesut Ozil|Mesut Özil]], wanda hakan ya bai wa Arsenal damar zura kwallo ta uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2017 |title=Everton 2–5 Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41625741 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta shida a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da Arsenal ta sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] da ci 3-1 a waje bayan ya ci kwallon da Aaron Ramsey ya ba shi, duk da cewa bai fara wasan ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2017 |title=Manchester City 3–1 Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/41792812 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A watan Nuwamba, Lacazette ya zura kwallon farko ta Arsenal a wasan da suka doke Huddersfield Town da ci 5-0, kuma a watan Disamba, ya zura kwallo daya tilo da Arsenal ta ci a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] da ci 3-1 a gida. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 December 2017 |title=Arsenal 1–3 Manchester United |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42119930 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Bayan wani lokaci mai tsawo yana jinya, Lacazette ya dawo cikin tawagar Arsenal a wasan da suka doke Stoke City da ci 3-0 a gida a watan Maris, inda ya maye gurbin Danny Welbeck a minti na 61 kuma ya zura kwallo ta uku ta Gunners a wasan, bayan sabon dan wasan da aka nada kuma mai tsaron raga Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, ya ba Lacazette damar daukar fanareti. Lacazette zai zura kwallaye biyu a wasansa na farko a gasar Europa League ga Arsenal, a wasan da suka doke CSKA Moscow da ci 4-1, wanda hakan ya zama kwallonsa ta farko a gasar Turai ga kungiyar. Lacazette ya zura kwallo ta uku a gasar kwallon kafa ta Turai ga Arsenal, ta hanyar zura kwallo a wasan kusa da na karshe na gasar Europa League da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Atlético Madrid. Kwallon ita ce kwallo ta bakwai da Lacazette ya zura a wasanni bakwai da ya buga wa kungiyar tun bayan dawowa daga rauni. Lacazette ya zura kwallo a wasan karshe na Arsenal a gida, inda ya doke Burnley da ci 5-0, kwallo ta biyu da kungiyar ta zura a gasar da kuma kwallonsa ta sha hudu a kakar wasa ta bana, Lacazette shi ma ya samu taimako a kwallon farko da kungiyar ta zura. ==== 2018–22: Ɗan wasan Arsenal mafi kyau a kakar wasa, lashe Kofin FA, kyaftin da kuma barinsa ==== Bayan tafiyar koci Arsene Wenger, Lacazette ya samu kansa a benci a karkashin sabon koci [[Unai Emery]], inda ya buga wasa a madadinsa da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] da [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 August 2018 |title=Arsenal 0–2 Man City: Unai Emery's opener is a reality check for Arsenal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45138012 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 August 2018 |title=Chelsea 3–2 Arsenal: 'Chaotic classic exposes both sides' title limitations' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45236243 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2018 |title=Arsenal 3–1 West Ham United: Unai Emery secures first win as Gunners boss |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45230637 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Lacazette ya fara wasa a karkashin Emery a wasan da Arsenal ta doke Cardiff City da ci 3-2 a waje a ranar 2 ga Satumba, inda ya taimaka aka ci kwallo sannan ya ci kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2018 |title=Cardiff 2–3 Arsenal: Gunners win through Alexandre Lacazette's late strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/45312124 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 1 ga Afrilun 2019, Lacazette ya ci kwallo ta biyu a Arsenal a wasan da suka doke [[Newcastle United FC|Newcastle United]] da ci 2-0, wanda hakan ya sa Arsenal ta koma matsayi na uku da maki biyu a bayan abokan hamayyarta [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham Hotspur]], Chelsea da [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] . Kwallon ta nuna kwallo ta goma sha uku da Lacazette ya ci a kakar wasa ta bana a gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2019 |title=Arsenal 2–0 Newcastle |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47688981 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Mayun 2019, magoya bayan Arsenal suka zabi Lacazette a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi kowanne a kungiyar. <ref name="arsenalpots">{{Cite web |last=Kelly |first=Rob |date=4 May 2019 |title=2018/19 Player of the Season: Alex Lacazette |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/201819-player-season-alex-lacazette |access-date=5 May 2019 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta 2019-20 a wasan farko da Arsenal ta buga a gida, inda ta yi nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Burnley a ranar 17 ga Agusta 2019. A ranar 1 ga Agusta 2020, an zabi Lacazette don fara wasa a wasan karshe na Kofin FA na 2020 da Chelsea, yayin da Arsenal ta lashe Kofin FA na 14. Lacazette ya ci kwallon farko ta Arsenal a kakar wasa ta 2020-21 a wasan da suka doke Fulham da ci 3-0 a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2020. Ya zura kwallaye uku a wasanni uku da aka fara a gasar a watan Satumba, kuma an zabe shi a matsayin wanda ya zo na biyu a matsayin dan wasan wata a shafin yanar gizon Arsenal. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vote for your September Player of the Month! |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/vote-your-september-player-month-0 |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gabriel is our September Player of the Month! |url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/gabriel-our-september-player-month |access-date=5 March 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Maris, 2021, Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba shi nasara a wasan da suka doke Tottenham Hotspur da ci 2-1 a wasan hamayya na Arewacin London, wanda ya zama dan wasa na farko da Arsenal ta ci kwallo a wasanni uku a jere a gasar lig a gida da abokin hamayyarsu na Arewacin London tun daga 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2021 |title=Arsenal 2–1 Tottenham Hotspur |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/56247541 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> A ranar 11 ga Afrilu, ya zura kwallonsa ta 50 a gasar Premier a wasan da suka doke Sheffield United da ci 3-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2021 |title=Match report: Sheffield United 0-3 Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/fixture/arsenal/2021-Apr-11/sheffield-united-0-3-arsenal-match-report |access-date=13 April 2021 |website=www.arsenal.com}}</ref> Da kwallaye 13, ya kammala kakar wasa a matsayin dan wasan da ya fi zura kwallaye a Arsenal a gasar Premier. <ref>{{Cite web |title=English Premier League Scoring Stats 2020-21 |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/stats/_/league/ENG.1/season/2020 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 3 ga Yuni 2022, Arsenal ta sanar da cewa Lacazette zai bar kulob din bayan karewar kwantiraginsa a ranar 30 ga Yuni. === Komawa Lyon === [[Fayil:Lacazette_vs_MHSC_7_May_2023.png|thumb|Lacazette zai buga wa Lyon wasa a shekarar 2023]] A ranar 9 ga Yuni 2022, Lacazette ya koma Lyon, inda ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru uku da kulob din. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2022 |title=Alexandre Lacazette revient à l'OL et s'engage jusqu'en 2025 |trans-title=Alexandre Lacazette returns to OL and signs until 2025 |url=https://www.ol.fr/fr-fr/contenus/articles/2022/06/08/alexandre-lacazette-revient-a-l-ol-et-s-engage-jusqu-en-2025 |access-date=9 June 2022 |website= |publisher=[[Olympique Lyonnais]] |language=fr}}</ref> Ya zura kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta biyu da kulob din daga bugun fenariti a wasan da suka yi da Ajaccio a wasan da suka tashi 2-1 a gida a ranar 5 ga Agusta 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2022 |title=Lyon edge Ajaccio in opening game of new French season |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/report/_/gameId/639617 |access-date=24 August 2022 |website=ESPN}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Maris 2023, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka tashi 3-3 da Lille, inda ya zama dan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin Lyon, wanda ya yi kunnen doki da Bernard Lacombe da kwallaye 149. <ref>{{Cite web |title=L'OL arrache le nul à Lille après un scénario fou |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/L-ol-arrache-le-nul-a-lille-apres-un-scenario-fou/1385196 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan kwana shida, ya zura kwallaye a wasan da suka tashi 1-1 da Nantes, kwallo ta 150 da ya zura a kulob din wanda hakan ya sanya shi dan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin kulob din, bayan Fleury Di Nallo da kwallaye 222. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette deuxième meilleur buteur de l'histoire de l'OL |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Alexandre-lacazette-deuxieme-meilleur-buteur-de-l-histoire-de-l-ol/1386514 |access-date=17 March 2023 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> A ranar 7 ga Mayu, ya zura kwallaye hudu a wasan da suka yi da Montpellier da ci 5-4, ciki har da bugun fenariti da ya ci a minti na karshe, uku daga cikin kwallayen da ya ci an taimaka musu da abokin wasansa Bradley Barcola . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 May 2023 |title=L'OL arrache une victoire complètement folle face à Montpellier (5-4) |url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/L-ol-arrache-une-victoire-completement-folle-face-a-montpellier-5-4/1395355 |website=L'Équipe |language=fr}}</ref> Lacazette ya buga wasansa na ƙarshe a Lyon a ranar 17 ga Mayu 2025 inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Angers da ci 2-0, inda ya zira kwallaye na 200 da na 201 a ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=PLAYER RATINGS {{!}} Lyon 2-0 Angers: Alexandre Lacazette bids farewell with his 200th goal as OL secure European qualification |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/article/player-ratings-lyon-2-0-210900248.html |access-date=18 May 2025 |publisher=Yahoo! Sports}}</ref> === Neom SC === Lacazette ya koma kulob din Saudi Pro League Neom SC kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu a ranar 1 ga Yulin 2025. <ref name=":0" /> Daga baya a wannan shekarar, a ranar 14 ga Satumba, ya zura kwallayensa na farko ta hanyar zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da suka doke Damac da ci 2-1 a waje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2025 |title=Damac 1–2 Neom SC |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/match/_/gameId/755920 |publisher=ESPN}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == === Matasa === [[Fayil:Alexandre_Lacazette.jpg|thumb|Lacazette yana bugawa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Faransa U21 a shekarar 2011]] Lacazette ya buga wa dukkan ƙungiyoyin matasa na ƙasar Faransa wasa, tun daga lokacin da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 ta fara buga wasa a karon farko a wasan da ƙungiyar ta doke [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafar Kamaru|Kamaru]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2007 a gasar Montaigu . Ya kammala kakar wasa da wasanni huɗu a gasar. Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17, Lacazette ya kasance ɗan wasa na yau da kullun kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga cancantar ƙungiyar don shiga gasar cin kofin Turai ta UEFA ta 'yan ƙasa da shekara 17 ta 2008. A gasar, ya zura ƙwallon da ta lashe wasa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi nasara da ci 2-1 a kan Jamhuriyar Ireland a matakin rukuni. Daga baya Faransa ta kai wasan ƙarshe inda Spain ta doke ƙungiyar da ci 4-0. Tare da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18, Lacazette ya fara buga wasa a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da Ukraine . Ya buga wasanni goma cikin goma sha ɗaya da ƙungiyar ta fafata inda ya zura ƙwallo ɗaya, wanda ya zo da Denmark a gasar Tournoi de Limoges. A matsayinsa na ɗan ƙasa da shekara 19, kocin ƙungiyar Francis Smerecki ya sake kiran Lacazette, inda ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a wasan da suka sha kashi 4-2 da Netherlands a ranar 9 ga Nuwamba 2009. Ya zura ƙwallo ta farko ga ƙungiyar a ranar 4 ga Maris 2010 a wasan da suka yi da Ukraine da ci 2-1. A ranar 7 ga Yuni 2010, an naɗa Lacazette a matsayin kocin tawagar Smerecki mai mutum 18 don shiga gasar cin kofin UEFA European Under-19 ta 2010. A gasar, ya zura ƙwallaye biyu a wasan da ƙungiyar ta yi da Austria da ci 5-0 a rukunin A. Daga baya Faransa ta kai wasan karshe inda ta fafata da Spain, wacce ta kunshi 'yan wasan da suka doke Faransa a wasan karshe na gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 17 ta UEFA a shekarar 2008. A wasan, Faransa ta dawo daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida ta lashe 2-1, inda Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba ta nasara a wasan a minti na 85 bayan da [[Gaël Kakuta]] ya yi karo da wata kwallo da ta bugi kwallo. Ta haka Faransa ta lashe kofin gasar UEFA ta Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 karo na biyu. Saboda nasarar da Faransa ta samu a gasar cin kofin Turai ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 19 ta UEFA, kasar ta cancanci shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 ta 2011. Wannan ya sa Lacazette ya buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 wasa. Ya fara buga wa tawagar 'yan kasa da shekaru 20 wasa a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2010 a wasan sada zumunta da Portugal . Wasan ya kare da ci 3-3, inda Lacazette ya zura kwallon farko a wasan. Kwanaki uku bayan haka, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan da kungiyar ta doke kungiyar Juventus Primavera da ci 5-0. Wasan ba a hukumance ba ne kuma an fafata shi ne a bikin Yarjejeniyar Turin . A ranar 9 ga Fabrairu, 2011, Lacazette ya zura kwallon da ta ba wa Ingila nasara a wasan da ci 2-1. A watan Maris na 2011, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye a wasanni biyu da suka yi da Peru . A ranar 10 ga Yuni 2011, an sanya shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasa 21 da za su fafata a gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 'yan kasa da shekara 20 ta 2011. Ya fara buga gasar a wasan farko na rukuni na A da Faransa ta buga a ranar 30 ga Yuli 2011 da kasar mai masaukin baki Colombia (Faransa ta sha kashi a wasan da ci 4-1), inda ya bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2011 |title=Colombia 4–1 France |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145857/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110919232048/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145857/index.html |archive-date=19 September 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]]}}</ref> A wasan rukuni na gaba na rukunin A da Koriya ta Kudu, Lacazette ya sake bayyana a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa kuma ya zura kwallon karshe (a lokacin raunin da ya samu a rabin lokaci na biyu) na wasan, wanda Faransa ta yi nasara da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2011 |title=France 3–1 South Korea |url=https://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145855/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111122062406/http://www.fifa.com/u20worldcup/matches/round=255641/match=300145855/index.html |archive-date=22 November 2011 |access-date=2 August 2011 |publisher=[[FIFA|Fédération Internationale de Football Association]]}}</ref> Ya zura kwallo daya a wasan karshe na rukuni na A da Faransa ta yi nasara da ci 2-0 a kan Mali . Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasan kwata-kwata da [[Ƙungiyar kwallon kafa ta Maza ta Najeriya ta 'yan kasa da shekaru 20|Najeriya]] da kuma kwallo daya a wasan da ya zo na uku da Mexico . Ya kare a matsayin wanda ya fi zura kwallaye a gasar da kwallaye 5, tare da Henrique Almeida da Álvaro Vázquez . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Babban ɗalibi === A ranar 23 ga Mayu 2013, Lacazette ya sami kiran farko zuwa manyan 'yan wasa bayan da aka cire Jérémy Ménez daga buga wasa saboda rauni. <ref name="ESPN FC" /> Ya fara buga wa Faransa wasa a ranar 5 ga Yuni, a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbin [[Olivier Giroud]] a minti na 58 a wasan sada zumunta da Uruguay suka sha kashi 0-1 a Estadio Centenario a Montevideo. Lacazette ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ta kasa da kasa a ranar 29 ga Maris 2015, inda ya bude wasan sada zumunci da Denmark da ci 2-0 a Stade Geoffroy-Guichard da ke Saint-Étienne . A lokacin wasan, wasu magoya bayan gida sun yi masa ihu saboda hamayyarsu da Lyon . <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2015 |title=France recover from Brazil loss with 2-0 win over Denmark |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20150330-football-france-denmark-friendly-win |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=France24}}</ref> A ranar 14 ga Nuwamba 2017, Lacazette ya zura kwallaye biyu a ragar Faransa a wasan sada zumunci da Jamus a wasan da suka tashi 2-2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany 2–2 France |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/international-friendlies/2017/live-germany-france_mtc998614/live.shtml |website=Eurosport.com}}</ref> A ranar 17 ga Mayu 2018, an sanya shi a cikin jerin 'yan wasan da ke jiran a fara [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2018]] a Rasha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandre Lacazette and Anthony Martial on standby for France World Cup squad and Dimitri Payet out |url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12025/11376691/alexandre-lacazette-and-anthony-martial-on-standby-for-france-world-cup-squad-and-dimitri-payet-out |website=skysports.com |publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref> An sanya shi a cikin 'yan wasan da za su wakilci Faransa a lokacin gasar Olympics ta 2024 da aka gudanar a Paris, kuma an nada shi kyaftin na ƙungiyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2024 |title=X (twitter)- National Football Team of France Page - Olympics team sheet |url=https://x.com/equipedefrance/status/1810268841097724078 |website=}}</ref> Ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin 'yan wasan da aka ba wa izinin shiga ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 23 ta Faransa (waɗanda ke wakiltar Faransa a gasar Olympics), a lokacin da ake sa ran za a fafata da Jamhuriyar Dominican a wani wasan sada zumunci na ƙasa da ƙasa . <ref>{{Cite web |title=365 scores - u23 friendly international - France U23 vs Dominican Republic U23. |url=https://www.365scores.com/football/match/u23-friendly-international-7267/dominican-republic-u23-france-u23-57836-68162-7267 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=www.365scores.com}}</ref> == Salon wasan == Lacazette ya taɓa buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] a Lyon, kafin ya zama ɗan wasan gaba . <ref name="Sky_14Jul2015">{{Cite web |last=Laurence |first=Martin |title=Lyon's Alexandre Lacazette could be solution to Arsenal's striker dilemma |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11670/9912559/lyons-alexandre-lacazette-could-be-solution-to-arsenals-striker-dilemma |access-date=3 July 2017 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> Baya ga iya cin kwallaye da kuma iya kammala wasa, halayen wasansa sun haɗa da ƙarfi, daidaito, dabara, dribbling, haɗa ƙwallon, da kuma iyawa da ƙafa ɗaya. Shi ma ɗan wasa ne mai aiki tuƙuru, wanda ke matsa wa abokan hamayya lamba kuma ya dawo da ƙwallon ta hanyar amfani da ƙwarewarsa ta kariya da kuma iyawar tunkarar wasa. <ref name="FFT_22Aug2014">{{Cite web |last=LeGrand |first=Dylan |date=22 August 2014 |title=Everything you need to know about... Alexandre Lacazette |url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/everything-you-need-know-about-alexandre-lacazette |access-date=3 July 2017 |website=FourFourTwo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dorrington |first=Nick |date=23 December 2014 |title=Alexandre Lacazette: Could the Lyon forward spark Liverpool's firepower? |url=http://www.espn.in/soccer/blog/name/78/post/2213097/headline |access-date=19 January 2019 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> <ref name="Lacazette Wright">{{Cite web |last=Karen |first=Mattias |date=5 July 2017 |title=Alexandre Lacazette can be 'like Ian Wright' for Arsenal – Gerard Houllier |url=http://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3153525/alexandre-lacazette-can-be-like-ian-wright-for-arsenal-gerard-houllier |access-date=19 January 2019 |publisher=ESPN FC}}</ref> Ɗan wasan Faransa Gérard Houllier ya ce a watan Yulin 2017 cewa Lacazette "ya yi kama da" tsohon ɗan wasan Arsenal Ian Wright . <ref name="metro.co.uk">{{Cite web |date=5 July 2017 |title=Alexandre Lacazette is like Ian Wright, says Gerard Houllier |url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/07/05/arsenal-transfer-target-alexandre-lacazette-is-like-ian-wright-says-gerard-houllier-6757159/ |website=Metro}}</ref> <ref name="Lacazette Wright" /> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1991]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 6fa61wpics1i3m38drg5ft435vlaclb 0 161919 885146 2026-07-20T10:16:11Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344121147|Lovers Mohlala]]" 885146 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jethro Mohlala''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Lovers Mohlala''', (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1975) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na hagu a [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Ya buga wasanni tara a [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar cin kofin COSAFA ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-09-13 |title=SA name Cosafa squad |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/2255617.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haife shi a Alexandra, Mohlala ya zama ƙwararre a Jami'ar Wits a shekarar 1992. Bayan shekaru biyar da Wits, ya koma Mamelodi Sundowns . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2008 |title=Mohlala wants to become a Leopard |url=http://www.sport24.co.za/Soccer/PSL/Mohlala-wants-to-become-a-Leopard-20080909 |publisher=Sport24.co.za}}</ref> Bayan rashin nasarar komawarsa FC Copenhagen, Mohlala ya tilasta komawa AmaZulu . Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sake rattaba hannu da Wits, kafin ya koma Jomo Cosmos . <ref name="Sowetan">{{Cite web |last=Nchabeleng, Mcelwa |date=23 August 2012 |title=Legends Corner: Mohlala recalls glory days |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/08/23/legends-corner-mohlala-recalls-glory-days |publisher=The Sowetan}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2004, Mohlala ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Aris ta ƙasar Girka ta Super League, amma ya buga wasanni biyu kacal a gasar kafin ya koma Afirka ta Kudu bayan watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrogiannopoulos, Alexander |date=19 September 2004 |title=Greece 2003/04 (First and Second Level Details) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grk04det.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Zai buga wa Jomo Cosmos, Silver Stars, Moroka Swallows, AmaZulu da Black Leopards wasa kafin ya yi ritaya a 2009. <ref name="Sowetan">{{Cite web |last=Nchabeleng, Mcelwa |date=23 August 2012 |title=Legends Corner: Mohlala recalls glory days |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/08/23/legends-corner-mohlala-recalls-glory-days |publisher=The Sowetan}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNchabeleng,_Mcelwa2012">Nchabeleng, Mcelwa (23 August 2012). </cite></ref> Mohlala ya wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a kowane mataki na shekaru. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar COSAFA Cup a wasan da suka yi da Botswana a shekarar 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikulski, Dirk |last2=Tabeira, Martín |name-list-style=amp |date=28 May 2006 |title=South Africa - International Matches 1996-2000 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf-intres2000.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] hw6i8b15v1ne7d5l0rvv54hiodluwz8 885157 885146 2026-07-20T10:35:44Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 885157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jethro Mohlala''', wanda aka fi sani da '''Lovers Mohlala''', (an haife shi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu 1975) tsohon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Afirka ta Kudu wanda ya buga wasa a matsayin ɗan wasan baya na hagu a [[Girka (ƙasa)|Girka]] da [[Afirka ta Kudu]] . Ya buga wasanni tara a [[Tawagar Kwallon kafar Afirka ta Kudu|ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Afirka ta Kudu]], kuma an sanya shi cikin tawagar da za ta fafata a gasar cin kofin COSAFA ta 2002. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-09-13 |title=SA name Cosafa squad |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/2255617.stm |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Sana'a == An haife shi a Alexandra, Mohlala ya zama ƙwararre a Jami'ar Wits a shekarar 1992. Bayan shekaru biyar da Wits, ya koma Mamelodi Sundowns . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2008 |title=Mohlala wants to become a Leopard |url=http://www.sport24.co.za/Soccer/PSL/Mohlala-wants-to-become-a-Leopard-20080909 |publisher=Sport24.co.za}}</ref> Bayan rashin nasarar komawarsa FC Copenhagen, Mohlala ya tilasta komawa AmaZulu . Ba da daɗewa ba, ya sake rattaba hannu da Wits, kafin ya koma Jomo Cosmos . <ref name="Sowetan">{{Cite web |last=Nchabeleng, Mcelwa |date=23 August 2012 |title=Legends Corner: Mohlala recalls glory days |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/08/23/legends-corner-mohlala-recalls-glory-days |publisher=The Sowetan}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2004, Mohlala ya rattaba hannu da ƙungiyar Aris ta ƙasar Girka ta Super League, amma ya buga wasanni biyu kacal a gasar kafin ya koma Afirka ta Kudu bayan watanni shida. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mastrogiannopoulos, Alexander |date=19 September 2004 |title=Greece 2003/04 (First and Second Level Details) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesg/grk04det.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Zai buga wa Jomo Cosmos, Silver Stars, Moroka Swallows, AmaZulu da Black Leopards wasa kafin ya yi ritaya a 2009. <ref name="Sowetan">{{Cite web |last=Nchabeleng, Mcelwa |date=23 August 2012 |title=Legends Corner: Mohlala recalls glory days |url=http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2012/08/23/legends-corner-mohlala-recalls-glory-days |publisher=The Sowetan}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNchabeleng,_Mcelwa2012">Nchabeleng, Mcelwa (23 August 2012). </cite></ref> Mohlala ya wakilci Afirka ta Kudu a kowane mataki na shekaru. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a gasar COSAFA Cup a wasan da suka yi da Botswana a shekarar 1999. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikulski, Dirk |last2=Tabeira, Martín |name-list-style=amp |date=28 May 2006 |title=South Africa - International Matches 1996-2000 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesz/zaf-intres2000.html |website=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1976]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qhd79iqwccys3m8abgrl1ffprydu4dm 0 161920 885147 2026-07-20T10:17:19Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307067544|Ibrahim Said (footballer, born 1979)]]" 885147 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ibrahim Said''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1979) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Masar mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile |url=http://www.toffeeweb.com/players/profiles/Saeed.php |access-date=7 February 2014 |publisher=toffeeweb.com}}</ref> == Sana'a == === A Masar === Said ya fara aikinsa a Al Ahly . A ƙarshen shekarar 2002 an ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar [[Everton FC|Everton]] ta Ingila [[Premier League|a gasar Premier]], amma ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Afrilun 2003 bayan bai buga mata wasa ba. Bayan dogon hutun da aka yi daga filin wasa, Said ya fara nuna hazakarsa a hankali, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Zamalek. Godiya ga kyakkyawan yanayinsa da Zamalek, an kira "Heema" (kamar yadda magoya baya ke kiransa) zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar a lokacin gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2006 wanda za a buga a Masar. Said ya yi wasu wasanni masu ban mamaki a gasar, inda ya ƙarfafa layin tsaron Masar a matsayin mai tsaron gida da kuma mai tsaron gida. === A Turkiyya === Buɗe kasuwar musayar 'yan wasa ta hunturu ta 2007 ya sa Said ya koma Turkiyya, inda ya koma Caykur Rizespor . A lokacin bazara a wannan shekarar, Ankaragücü ta ɗauki Sa'id saboda nasarar da ya samu a Caykur Rizespor . === Komawa Masar === A farkon kakar wasa ta 2008-09, Said ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ismaila SC|Ismaily]] ta Masar. Amma saboda rashin jituwa da hukumar gudanarwa, ya soke kwangilarsa. === A Libya === A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Said ya koma kulob din [[Al Ahli SC (Tripoli)|Al-Ahly Tripoli]] . === Amirka ta Arewa === Tare da taimakon kocin mai tsaron gida Zaki Abdul Fattah a Amurka, Said ya yi gwaji na kwanaki 14 tare da Toronto FC . Ya buga wasanni uku na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa tare da tawagar Kanada, amma saboda rashin jituwa kan batutuwan kuɗi, ya yanke shawarar kin sanya hannu a kansu. Ya koma [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], duk da cewa Philadelphia Union ta ba shi kwangila, ya yanke shawarar kada ya sanya hannu a kansu, sannan ya koma [[Misra|Masar]] . === Komawa Masar tare da Al-Ittihad Al-Sakandary === Ya koma Masar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2010-11 ya koma [[Al-Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al-Ittihad Al-Sakndary]] amma bayan takaddama da babban kocin wancan lokacin Carlos Cabral, an dakatar da shi a mafi yawan rabin farko na kakar wasa, amma ya dawo bayan murabus din Cabral a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa Al Ahly. == Aikin manaja == === Goldi SC === A watan Janairun 2016, an dauke shi a matsayin dan wasa da manaja a kungiyar Goldi ta rukuni na uku ta Masar . [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] 2cqtqqhqry0p3usvs3qpovsgifhacv1 885148 885147 2026-07-20T10:18:17Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1307067544|Ibrahim Said (footballer, born 1979)]]" 885148 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ibrahim Said''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1979) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Masar mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile |url=http://www.toffeeweb.com/players/profiles/Saeed.php |access-date=7 February 2014 |publisher=toffeeweb.com}}</ref> == Sana'a == === A Masar === Said ya fara aikinsa a Al Ahly . A ƙarshen shekarar 2002 an ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar [[Everton FC|Everton]] ta Ingila [[Premier League|a gasar Premier]], amma ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Afrilun 2003 bayan bai buga mata wasa ba. Bayan dogon hutun da aka yi daga filin wasa, Said ya fara nuna hazakarsa a hankali, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Zamalek. Godiya ga kyakkyawan yanayinsa da Zamalek, an kira "Heema" (kamar yadda magoya baya ke kiransa) zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar a lokacin gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2006 wanda za a buga a Masar. Said ya yi wasu wasanni masu ban mamaki a gasar, inda ya ƙarfafa layin tsaron Masar a matsayin mai tsaron gida da kuma mai tsaron gida. === A Turkiyya === Buɗe kasuwar musayar 'yan wasa ta hunturu ta 2007 ya sa Said ya koma Turkiyya, inda ya koma Caykur Rizespor . A lokacin bazara a wannan shekarar, Ankaragücü ta ɗauki Sa'id saboda nasarar da ya samu a Caykur Rizespor . === Komawa Masar === A farkon kakar wasa ta 2008-09, Said ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ismaila SC|Ismaily]] ta Masar. Amma saboda rashin jituwa da hukumar gudanarwa, ya soke kwangilarsa. === A Libya === A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Said ya koma kulob din [[Al Ahli SC (Tripoli)|Al-Ahly Tripoli]] . === Amirka ta Arewa === Tare da taimakon kocin mai tsaron gida Zaki Abdul Fattah a Amurka, Said ya yi gwaji na kwanaki 14 tare da Toronto FC . Ya buga wasanni uku na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa tare da tawagar Kanada, amma saboda rashin jituwa kan batutuwan kuɗi, ya yanke shawarar kin sanya hannu a kansu. Ya koma [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], duk da cewa Philadelphia Union ta ba shi kwangila, ya yanke shawarar kada ya sanya hannu a kansu, sannan ya koma [[Misra|Masar]] . === Komawa Masar tare da Al-Ittihad Al-Sakandary === Ya koma Masar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2010-11 ya koma [[Al-Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al-Ittihad Al-Sakndary]] amma bayan takaddama da babban kocin wancan lokacin Carlos Cabral, an dakatar da shi a mafi yawan rabin farko na kakar wasa, amma ya dawo bayan murabus din Cabral a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa Al Ahly. == Aikin manaja == === Goldi SC === A watan Janairun 2016, an dauke shi a matsayin dan wasa da manaja a kungiyar Goldi ta rukuni na uku ta Masar . == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa === ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun nuna adadin kwallayen da Masar ta ci a karon farko:'' {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | align="center" | 1. | 24 Fabrairu 2001 | Sam Nujoma Stadium, [[Windhoek]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] |{{Fb|Namibia}} | align="center" | 1–1 | align="center" | 1–1 | Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002 |- | align="center" | 2. | 17 Yuni 2001 | Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, [[Abidjan]], [[Ivory Coast]] |{{Fb|Ivory Coast}} | align="center" | 2–2 | align="center" | 2–2 | Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2002 |} == Lakabi == ; Kulob '''Al Ahly''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Masar : 1998–99, 1999–2000 * Kofin Masar : 2000–01, 2002–03 * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF : 2001 * [[CAF Super Cup]] : 2002 ; Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa '''Misira''' * [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka]] : 2006, 2008 * Lambar Zinare ta Wasannin Pan Arab : 2007 == Majiyoyi == * [http://www.bluekipper.com/players/ibrahim_said/said.htm/ Takaitaccen Tarihin Rayuwar Said A Everton] * Ibrahim Said == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] cyqpbtfv1xkxg25mdks350vimwkou3x 885160 885148 2026-07-20T10:39:13Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 885160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ibrahim Said''' ( Arabic ; an haife shi a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 1979) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] ɗan ƙasar Masar mai ritaya wanda ya taka leda a matsayin ɗan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na tsakiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile |url=http://www.toffeeweb.com/players/profiles/Saeed.php |access-date=7 February 2014 |publisher=toffeeweb.com}}</ref> == Sana'a == === A Masar === Said ya fara aikinsa a Al Ahly . A ƙarshen shekarar 2002 an ba shi aro ga ƙungiyar [[Everton FC|Everton]] ta Ingila [[Premier League|a gasar Premier]], amma ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Afrilun 2003 bayan bai buga mata wasa ba. Bayan dogon hutun da aka yi daga filin wasa, Said ya fara nuna hazakarsa a hankali, kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan Zamalek. Godiya ga kyakkyawan yanayinsa da Zamalek, an kira "Heema" (kamar yadda magoya baya ke kiransa) zuwa ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta Masar a lokacin gasar cin kofin ƙasashen Afirka ta 2006 wanda za a buga a Masar. Said ya yi wasu wasanni masu ban mamaki a gasar, inda ya ƙarfafa layin tsaron Masar a matsayin mai tsaron gida da kuma mai tsaron gida. === A Turkiyya === Buɗe kasuwar musayar 'yan wasa ta hunturu ta 2007 ya sa Said ya koma Turkiyya, inda ya koma Caykur Rizespor . A lokacin bazara a wannan shekarar, Ankaragücü ta ɗauki Sa'id saboda nasarar da ya samu a Caykur Rizespor . === Komawa Masar === A farkon kakar wasa ta 2008-09, Said ya koma ƙungiyar [[Ismaila SC|Ismaily]] ta Masar. Amma saboda rashin jituwa da hukumar gudanarwa, ya soke kwangilarsa. === A Libya === A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Said ya koma kulob din [[Al Ahli SC (Tripoli)|Al-Ahly Tripoli]] . === Amirka ta Arewa === Tare da taimakon kocin mai tsaron gida Zaki Abdul Fattah a Amurka, Said ya yi gwaji na kwanaki 14 tare da Toronto FC . Ya buga wasanni uku na shirye-shiryen fara kakar wasa tare da tawagar Kanada, amma saboda rashin jituwa kan batutuwan kuɗi, ya yanke shawarar kin sanya hannu a kansu. Ya koma [[New York (birni)|birnin New York]], duk da cewa Philadelphia Union ta ba shi kwangila, ya yanke shawarar kada ya sanya hannu a kansu, sannan ya koma [[Misra|Masar]] . === Komawa Masar tare da Al-Ittihad Al-Sakandary === Ya koma Masar a farkon kakar wasa ta 2010-11 ya koma [[Al-Ittihad Alexandria Club|Al-Ittihad Al-Sakndary]] amma bayan takaddama da babban kocin wancan lokacin Carlos Cabral, an dakatar da shi a mafi yawan rabin farko na kakar wasa, amma ya dawo bayan murabus din Cabral a wasan da suka yi da tsohuwar kungiyarsa Al Ahly. == Aikin manaja == === Goldi SC === A watan Janairun 2016, an dauke shi a matsayin dan wasa da manaja a kungiyar Goldi ta rukuni na uku ta Masar . == Ƙididdigar aiki == === Manufofin ƙasa da ƙasa === ''Sakamakon maki da sakamakon sun nuna adadin kwallayen da Masar ta ci a karon farko:'' {| class="wikitable" !# ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasar |- | align="center" | 1. | 24 Fabrairu 2001 | Sam Nujoma Stadium, [[Windhoek]], [[Namibiya|Namibia]] |{{Fb|Namibia}} | align="center" | 1–1 | align="center" | 1–1 | Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2002 |- | align="center" | 2. | 17 Yuni 2001 | Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny, [[Abidjan]], [[Ivory Coast]] |{{Fb|Ivory Coast}} | align="center" | 2–2 | align="center" | 2–2 | Gasar neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin Afirka ta 2002 |} == Lakabi == ; Kulob '''Al Ahly''' * Gasar Firimiya ta Masar : 1998–99, 1999–2000 * Kofin Masar : 2000–01, 2002–03 * Gasar Zakarun Turai ta CAF : 2001 * [[CAF Super Cup]] : 2002 ; Na Ƙasa da Ƙasa '''Misira''' * [[Gasar cin kofin Afrika|Gasar Cin Kofin Afirka]] : 2006, 2008 * Lambar Zinare ta Wasannin Pan Arab : 2007 == Majiyoyi == * [http://www.bluekipper.com/players/ibrahim_said/said.htm/ Takaitaccen Tarihin Rayuwar Said A Everton] * Ibrahim Said [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 1979]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} qqlwi7usflu9n5kfrr96h4nvy1wafb5 0 161921 885150 2026-07-20T10:29:06Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362175958|Malang Sarr]]" 885150 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Updated|match played 22 May 2026}}<ref>{{cite web|title=M. Sarr|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/malang-sarr/416488/|website=Soccerway|access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>'''Malang Mamadou William Georges Sarr''' (an haife shi a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1999) ƙwararren [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] na Faransa wanda ke buga wasa a matsayin [[Mai buga baya|ɗan wasan tsakiya]] . Sarr, wanda ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar koyon aikin soja ta Nice, ya zura kwallaye a wasansa na farko a babbar kungiyar a shekarar 2016 kuma ya buga wasanni sama da 100 a kungiyar. Ya koma kungiyar [[Premier League|kwallon kafa ta]] [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] a shekarar 2020, inda ya koma kungiyar Porto a gasar Primeira Liga a matsayin aro har na tsawon kakar wasa biyu sannan ya koma Monaco a Faransa, kafin daga bisani aka dakatar da kwangilarsa da kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Ingila a shekarar 2024. A duk duniya, Sarr ya wakilci Faransa a kowane matakin matasa daga 'yan ƙasa da shekara 16 zuwa 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21 . == Aikin kulob == === Mai kyau === An haife shi a [[Nice]], Alpes-Maritimes, Sarr ya koma ƙungiyar OGC Nice ta gida yana da shekaru shida. Ya shafe shekaru 12 a makarantar horar da 'yan wasan kafin ya fara buga wasa [[Ligue 1|a Ligue 1]] a ƙungiyar a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2016 da Rennes, yana da shekaru 17. Ya zura wa ƙungiyarsa ƙwallon da ta yi nasara a minti na 60, inda ya kai gida daga bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida da Jean Michaël Seri ya buga. Yin hakan, ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi ƙarami da ya taɓa zura kwallo a wasansa na farko a Ligue 1, bayan ɗan wasan [[Ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafar Najeriya|Najeriya]] [[Bartholomew Ogbeche]] . Bayan wasan, Sarr ya sadaukar da ƙwallonsa ga waɗanda harin ta'addanci na Nice ya shafa a 2016. <ref name="Tribute" /> Kafin fara wasan, an lura da shiru na minti ɗaya don tunawa da waɗanda abin ya shafa, inda Nice da Rennes suka sanya riguna na musamman waɗanda ke ɗauke da sunayen waɗanda suka mutu. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba 2016, Sarr ya sanya hannu kan kwantiraginsa na farko na ƙwararru da Nice kuma a ƙarshen kakar wasa ya buga wasanni sama da 30 yayin da ƙungiyar ta kawo ƙarshen kakar wasa a matsayi na uku. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2017 |title=Chelsea vying with Real Madrid and Barcelona to sign Malang Sarr |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11668/10956984/chelsea-vying-with-real-madrid-and-barcelona-to-sign-malang-sarr |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=Sky Sports}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2017 |title=Chelsea transfer news: Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain, Malang Sarr, Diego Costa |url=https://www.foxsports.com.au/football/premier-league/chelsea-transfer-news-alex-oxladechamberlain-malang-sarr-diego-costa/news-story/9a55bc458801fd2410ebe575861a1cea |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=Fox Sports}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2018, CIES Football Observatory ta nada Sarr a matsayin ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na biyar mafi kyau a duniya 'yan ƙasa da shekara 20. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Margueritte |first=Henri |date=19 February 2018 |title=Alban Lafont, ce Français qui devance Mbappé au classement des footballeurs les plus prometteurs |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.fr/2018/02/19/alban-lafont-ce-francais-qui-devance-mbappe-au-classement-des-footballeurs-les-plus-prometteurs_a_23365206/ |access-date=21 February 2018 |website=Huffington Post |language=fr}}</ref> Bayan fafatawa da Maxime Le Marchand da sabon ɗan wasan da aka ba aro Marlon, Sarr ya ga lokacin wasansa ya ragu kaɗan amma har yanzu ya sami nasarar yin wasanni 29 a duk gasannin da ya fafata. A ranar 10 ga Agusta 2019, ranar farko ta kakar wasa ta 2019-20 ta Ligue 1, Sarr ya buga wasa na 100 ga Nice a dukkan gasannin da ya buga lokacin da ya fara wasa da nasara 2-1 a kan Amiens . Kwantiraginsa ya kare a ranar 30 ga Yuni 2020 kuma daga baya ya zama dan wasa mai zaman kansa . === Chelsea === A ranar 27 ga Agusta 2020, [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] ta sanar da sanya hannu kan Sarr kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=Sarr signs on |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2020/08/27/sarr-signs-on |access-date=27 August 2020 |publisher=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> ==== kakar 2020-21: Aron zuwa Porto ==== A ranar 6 ga Oktoba 2020, Sarr ya koma ƙungiyar Porto ta Portugal a matsayin aro har zuwa kakar wasa ta 2020-21 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 October 2020 |title=Portugal loan for Malang Sarr |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2020/10/06/portugal-loan-for-malang-sarr |access-date=6 October 2020 |publisher=Chelsea F.C.}}</ref> A ranar 21 ga Oktoba 2020, Sarr ya fara buga wasa a Porto a lokacin wasan rukuni [[UEFA Champions League|na UEFA Champions League]] da [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], inda ya buga na tsawon mintuna 80 kafin Evanilson ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka sha kashi a waje da ci 3-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Notícias - Duas novidades para o arranque da Liga dos Campeões |url=https://www.fcporto.pt/pt/noticias/20201021-pt-duas-novidades-para-o-arranque-da-liga-dos-campeoes |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=FC Porto |language=pt}}</ref> Sarr ya ci ƙwallonsa ɗaya tilo a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka buga da Paços de Ferreira a watan Disamba na 2020, inda ya zura ƙwallo a wasan farko da suka yi nasara da ci 2-1. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-16 |title=Notícias - Lugar reservado na final four da Taça da Liga |url=https://www.fcporto.pt/pt/noticias/20201216-pt-lugar-reservado-na-final-four-da-taca-da-liga |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=FC Porto}}</ref> Sarr ya buga wasanni 19 a dukkan gasannin da ya buga wa Dragões kafin ya koma Chelsea kafin kakar wasa ta 2021-22 . ==== kakar 2021–22: Dawowa daga aro ==== [[Fayil:Malang_Sarr_2021.jpg|thumb|Sarr yana buga wa [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] wasa a shekarar 2021]] Bayan da aka ruwaito cewa an samu rashin jituwa tsakaninsa da [[Jamus]], [[Italiya]] da [[Faransa]] ya zabi ci gaba da zama a Chelsea, kuma daga baya aka ba shi rigar lamba 31 a kakar wasa mai zuwa ta 2021-22. A ranar 22 ga Satumba, 2021, Sarr ya fara buga wa Chelsea wasa a lokacin da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 a gasar cin kofin EFL da [[Aston Villa FC|Aston Villa]], inda ya shafe mintuna 90 yana buga wasa yayin da Blues ta kai zagaye na hudu bayan nasarar bugun fenariti 4-3. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-22 |title=Match report: Chelsea 1 Aston Villa 1 (4-3 on pens) |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/match-report--chelsea-v-aston-villa |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Chelsea F.C. |language=en-gb}}</ref> Wata guda bayan haka, ya fara buga [[Premier League|gasar Premier]] da sabon dan wasan [[Brentford FC|Brentford]] saboda rashin samun Antonio Rüdiger da Thiago Silva, inda suka buga dukkan mintuna 90 kuma suka ci kwallo a raga a lokacin da suka yi nasara 1-0. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-16 |title=Match report: Brentford 0 Chelsea 1 |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/match-report--brentford-chelsea |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Chelsea F.C. |language=en-gb}}</ref> A watan Janairun 2022, ya fara wasansa na baya-baya a gefen hagu da [[Tottenham Hotspur FC|Tottenham]] a wasan kusa da na karshe na Kofin EFL . Wannan shine farkon tsawaita gudu a cikin ƙungiyar farko ga Sarr. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">ana buƙatar ambato</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> A ranar 12 ga Fabrairu 2022, Sarr ya kasance wanda aka maye gurbinsa a lokacin karin lokaci yayin da Chelsea ta lashe kofin FIFA Club World Cup na 2021, inda ta doke Palmeiras . Shi ma ya kasance wanda aka maye gurbinsa a wasan kusa da na karshe da [[Al Hilal SFC|Al-Hilal]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-09 |title=Match report: Chelsea 1 Al Hilal 0 |url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/article/match-report--chelsea-al-hilal |access-date=2024-03-10 |website=www.chelseafc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> ==== 2022–2024: Aron Monaco da kuma cire shi daga ƙungiyar farko ==== A ranar 10 ga Agusta 2022, Sarr ya koma Monaco a kan yarjejeniyar aro na tsawon kakar wasa, tare da zaɓin siye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-10 |title=AS Monaco are pleased to announce the arrival of Malang Sarr! |url=https://www.asmonaco.com/en/malang-sarr-joins-as-monaco/ |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=AS Monaco |language=en-US}}</ref> A farkon kakar wasa ta 2023-24, sabon koci Mauricio Pochettino ya bayyana cewa bai iya gane Sarr a matsayin daya daga cikin 'yan wasansa ba a lokacin wani taron manema labarai, bayan dawowarsa daga aro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2023 |title=(Video): Mauricio Pochettino has no idea who Malang Sarr is |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/video-mauricio-pochettino-has-no-idea-who-malang-sarr-is-38104339 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> Duk da haka, Sarr daga baya ya bayyana cewa Pochettino ya san shi kuma har ma ya yi yunkurin daukar sa a lokacin da yake manajan Tottenham. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2024 |title='He even tried to recruit me at Tottenham' – Malang Sarr hits back at Mauricio Pochettino snub at Chelsea |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/even-tried-recruit-tottenham-malang-091500113.html |publisher=Yahoo Sports}}</ref> A watan Fabrairun 2024, daraktan wasanni na Le Havre Mathieu Bodmer ya soki Chelsea saboda rugujewar yarjejeniyar aro da aka tsara wadda za ta rufe sauran watanni 18 na kwantiraginsa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2024 |title='It is shameful': Club director slams Chelsea for their treatment of 25-year-old ace |url=https://onefootball.com/de/news/it-is-shameful-club-director-slams-chelsea-for-their-treatment-of-25-year-old-ace-38985919 |publisher=OneFootball}}</ref> Saboda haka, Sarr bai buga wasa a duk tsawon kakar wasa ba kuma dole ne ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa da shekara 21. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Simon |date=20 February 2024 |title=Malang Sarr, Chelsea's forgotten man |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/5277375/2024/02/20/malang-sarr-chelsea-forgotten/ |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clark |first=Gill |date=20 February 2024 |title=Malang Sarr: Friends 'worried' about Chelsea's forgotten man as reasons for January exit falling through revealed |url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/malang-sarr-friends-worried-about-chelsea-s-forgotten-man-reasons-january-exit-falling-through-revealed/blt71bf0b4419a9b8d0#csfaec50730d463f6b |publisher=Goal.com}}</ref> A ranar 24 ga Yulin 2024, kwantiragin Sarr da Chelsea ya kare shekara guda kafin karewarta bayan yarjejeniyar da suka cimma da kungiyar. === Ruwan tabarau === A ranar 26 ga Yuli 2024, [[RC Lens|Lens]] ta sanar da sanya hannu kan kwangilar Sarr ta kakar wasa biyu, tare da zaɓin tsawaita kakar wasa ta gaba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2024 |title=Malang Sarr, le combattant |url=https://www.rclens.fr/fr/news/mercato-signature-mercatolympik-rclens-malang-sarr-2028-20240724 |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=RC Lens |language=French}}</ref> == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Sarr ya wakilci Faransa a matakai daban-daban na matasa, kuma a watan Satumba na 2016, manaja Bernard Diomède ya nada shi kyaftin na tawagar 'yan kasa da shekara 18 ta Faransa mai 'yan wasa 20 a gasar Limoges ta 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2017 |title=Leicester City Scouting Nice Defender Malang Sarr in Champions League Qualifiers Ahead of £20m Bid |url=https://www.si.com/soccer/2017/07/30/leicester-city-scouting-nice-defender-malang-sarr-champions-league-qualifiers-ahead-ps20m-bid |access-date=27 January 2018 |website=Sports Illustrated}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, ya tabbatar da cewa Hukumar Kwallon Kafa ta Senegal ta tuntube shi don wakiltar kasar, amma ya bayyana cewa har yanzu yana da fatan bugawa Faransa wasa. Kafin [[2026 FIFA World Cup|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA ta 2026]], Sarr ya sanar da cewa zai halarci Senegal ; duk da haka, ba a zabi shi cikin tawagar 'yan wasan da za su fafata a gasar ba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-15 |title=Malang Sarr chooses Senegal over France |url=https://foot-africa.com/en/news/malang-sarr-chooses-senegal-over-france-1125935/ |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=Foot-Africa.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-21 |title=Pape Thiaw explains Malang Sarr omission from Senegal World Cup squad |url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/pape-thiaw-explains-malang-sarr-omission-from-senegal-world-cup-squad |access-date=2026-05-29 |website=GhanaSoccernet |language=en}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == An haifi Sarr a unguwar les Moulins da ke Nice. Ya fito ne daga zuriyar Senegal ta hanyar iyayensa waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa Faransa kafin haihuwarsa. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {{Notelist}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de France]], [[FA Cup]], [[Taça de Portugal]]}} ! colspan="2" |League cup{{Efn|Includes [[Coupe de la Ligue]], [[EFL Cup]], [[Taça da Liga]]}} ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Nice B |2016–17 |Championnat National 2 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |2017–18 |Championnat National 2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !4 !0 |- | rowspan="5" |Nice |2016–17 |[[Ligue 1]] |27 |1 |1 |0 |0 |0 |4{{Efn|Appearances in [[UEFA Europa League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |32 |1 |- |2017–18 |Ligue 1 |21 |0 |1 |0 |1 |0 |6{{Efn|Three appearances in [[UEFA Champions League]], three appearances in UEFA Europa League}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |29 |0 |- |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |35 |1 |1 |0 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |38 |1 |- |2019–20 |Ligue 1 |19 |1 |0 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |20 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !102 !3 !3 !0 !4 !0 !10 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !119 !3 |- |Porto (loan) |2020–21 |Primeira Liga |8 |0 |4 |0 |1 |1 |6{{Efn|Appearances in UEFA Champions League}} |0 |0 |0 |19 |1 |- |Porto B (loan) |2020–21 |Liga Portugal 2 |8 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |8 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |2021–22 |[[Premier League]] |8 |0 |4 |0 |5 |0 |2[e] |0 |2{{Efn|Appearances in [[FIFA Club World Cup]]}} |0 |21 |0 |- |2023–24 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !8 !0 !4 !0 !5 !0 !2 !0 !2 !0 !21 !0 |- |Monaco (loan) |2022–23 |Ligue 1 |13 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3[c] |0 | colspan="2" |— |17 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |[[RC Lens|Lens]] |2024–25 |Ligue 1 |21 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[UEFA Conference League]]}} |0 | colspan="2" |— |23 |0 |- |2025–26 |Ligue 1 |33 |0 |6 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |39 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !54 !0 !7 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !1 !0 !0 !0 !62 !0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !198 !4 !19 !0 !10 !1 !22 !0 !2 !0 !250 !5 |} == Daraja == '''Chelsea''' * Kofin Duniya na FIFA Club : 2021 * Wanda ya zo na biyu a gasar cin kofin FA : 2021–22 * Gasar cin kofin EFL : 2021–22 '''Ruwan tabarau''' * Coupe de France : 2025-26 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brotherton |first=Alex |date=22 May 2026 |title=Lens 3-1 Nice: Lens end Coupe de France curse to lift trophy for first time in their history |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/live/c8xw1nr8kq1t |access-date=22 May 2026 |website=BBC Sport |language=}}</ref> '''Mutum ɗaya''' * Ƙungiyar UNFP [[Ligue 1]] ta Shekara : 2025–26 == Nassoshi == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.rclens.fr/fr/pros-malang-sarr Bayanin martaba] a gidan yanar gizon RC Lens * Malang Sarr * {{UEFA player}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1999]] [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 5uf1uamt4rpr32tpiesrgaqonqauqtw 0 161922 885152 2026-07-20T10:30:34Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363918742|Adam Hrdina]]" 885152 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Adam Hrdina''' (an haife shi 12 Fabrairu 2004) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] [[Slofakiya|na Slovak]] wanda ke bugawa Zbrojovka Brno wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . == Aikin kulob == === Slovan Bratislava === Hrdina ya fara buga gasar Slovan Bratislava yana da shekaru 18, inda ya ci kwallo ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba a wasan da suka yi da FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce a gasar cin kofin Slovak, wanda kungiyarsa ta ci 2-0 a watan Maris na 2022. Ya buga wasansa na farko a Fortuna Liga a Slovan Bratislava da Orion Tip Sereď a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2022. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallo ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba a wasan. Ya buga wasanni hudu a manyan kungiyoyi a Slovan a lokacin da yake tare da kungiyar, inda ya ci gaba da buga wa kungiyar B-team wasa a 2024. === Zbrojovka Brno === A ranar 23 ga Janairu 2025, Hrdina ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Czech Zbrojovka Brno . Ya kasance mai tsaron raga a wasanni 13 cikin jerin wasanni 14 da Brno ta buga ba tare da an doke ta ba a gasar a shekarar 2025. == Daraja == '''Slovan Bratislava''' * Niké Liga (2): 2021–22, 2022–23 == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.skslovan.com/hraci/A-Adam_Hrdina ŠK Slovan Bratislava bayanin martaba na kulob din] {{In lang|sk}} * {{Soccerway|adam-hrdina/695630}} * Adam Hrdina a Gasar Kwallon Kafa * [https://sportnet.sme.sk/futbalnet/clen/1273924/ Bayanin Futbalnet] {{In lang|sk}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] d8x2de90be7te1cxzu7oamxvx997t5j 885165 885152 2026-07-20T10:43:37Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 885165 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Adam Hrdina''' (an haife shi 12 Fabrairu 2004) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne]] [[Slofakiya|na Slovak]] wanda ke bugawa Zbrojovka Brno wasa a matsayin [[Mai tsaran raga|mai tsaron gida]] . == Aikin kulob == === Slovan Bratislava === Hrdina ya fara buga gasar Slovan Bratislava yana da shekaru 18, inda ya ci kwallo ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba a wasan da suka yi da FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce a gasar cin kofin Slovak, wanda kungiyarsa ta ci 2-0 a watan Maris na 2022. Ya buga wasansa na farko a Fortuna Liga a Slovan Bratislava da Orion Tip Sereď a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 2022. Ya ci gaba da zura kwallo ba tare da an zura masa kwallo ba a wasan. Ya buga wasanni hudu a manyan kungiyoyi a Slovan a lokacin da yake tare da kungiyar, inda ya ci gaba da buga wa kungiyar B-team wasa a 2024. === Zbrojovka Brno === A ranar 23 ga Janairu 2025, Hrdina ta sanya hannu kan kwantiragin shekaru da yawa da ƙungiyar ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙasar Czech Zbrojovka Brno . Ya kasance mai tsaron raga a wasanni 13 cikin jerin wasanni 14 da Brno ta buga ba tare da an doke ta ba a gasar a shekarar 2025. == Daraja == '''Slovan Bratislava''' * Niké Liga (2): 2021–22, 2022–23 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * [https://www.skslovan.com/hraci/A-Adam_Hrdina ŠK Slovan Bratislava bayanin martaba na kulob din] {{In lang|sk}} * {{Soccerway|adam-hrdina/695630}} * Adam Hrdina a Gasar Kwallon Kafa * [https://sportnet.sme.sk/futbalnet/clen/1273924/ Bayanin Futbalnet] {{In lang|sk}} [[Rukuni:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Rukuni:Haifaffun 2004]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} 29aisl3vm0viux4ly4f2cypz4790ylz 0 161923 885158 2026-07-20T10:36:52Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339589925|BMAT STEM Academy]]" 885158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwalejin BMAT STEM''' Kwalejin Fasaha ce ta Jami'a a harabar Kwalejin Harlow da ke Harlow, Essex, Ingila, wacce aka bude a watan Satumba na 2014 a matsayin '''Sir Charles Kao UTC''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Charles Kao UTC in Harlow opens its doors to new students |url=http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/Sir-Charles-Kao-UTC-Harlow-opens-doors-new/story-22892401-detail/story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915184032/http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/Sir-Charles-Kao-UTC-Harlow-opens-doors-new/story-22892401-detail/story.html |archive-date=15 September 2014 |access-date=15 September 2014}}</ref> An sanya mata suna ne bayan masanin kimiyyar da ya lashe kyautar Nobel [[Charles K. Kao]] wanda ya yi aiki kuma ya yi karatu a Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Sadarwa na Standard Telecommunication da ke Harlow. Ofsted ya sanya wa Kwalejin suna a matsayin "Mai Kyau" a dukkan fannoni bayan wani bincike da aka yi a watan Janairun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ofsted Communications Team |date=6 April 2023 |title=Find an inspection report and registered childcare |url=http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=reports.ofsted.gov.uk}}</ref> Wani rahoto na Ofsted a watan Afrilun 2017 ya bai wa makarantar maki "Bukatar Ingantawa" a dukkan fannoni; a wancan lokacin makarantar tana da ɗalibai 140 duk da cewa tana da ɗalibai 500. <ref name="kao">{{Cite web |title=Sir Charles Kao Utc |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/140570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210219/https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/140570 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> Daga watan Afrilun 2018, an sake ƙaddamar da makarantar a matsayin memba na BMAT, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BMAT EDUCATION - GOV.UK |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Groups/Group/Details/2497 |access-date=5 December 2019 |website=get-information-schools.service.gov.uk}}</ref> wani [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|amintaccen makarantar]] da ke gudanar da makarantu a Essex ciki har da Burnt Mill Academy da Epping St John's . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2018 |title=Sir Charles Kao UTC joins Burnt Mill family |url=http://www.yourharlow.com/2018/01/16/sir-charles-kao-utc-joins-burnt-mill-family/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210203/http://www.yourharlow.com/2018/01/16/sir-charles-kao-utc-joins-burnt-mill-family/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=Your Harlow}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burnt Mill and Sir Charles Kao link up |url=http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/82/news-archive/article/115/burnt-mill-and-sir-charles-kao-link-up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210256/http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/82/news-archive/article/115/burnt-mill-and-sir-charles-kao-link-up |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=Burnt Mill Academy Trust}}</ref> An sake masa suna zuwa BMAT STEM Academy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=STEM Academy |url=http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/187/stem-academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005051/http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/187/stem-academy |archive-date=30 August 2018 |access-date=29 August 2018 |website=Burnt Mill Academy Trust}}</ref> == Manazarta == dsftqivkb6jz4sgf4uw58scwd42wfzt 885159 885158 2026-07-20T10:37:39Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin BMAT STEM''' Kwalejin Fasaha ce ta Jami'a a harabar Kwalejin Harlow da ke Harlow, Essex, Ingila, wacce aka bude a watan Satumba na 2014 a matsayin '''Sir Charles Kao UTC''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Charles Kao UTC in Harlow opens its doors to new students |url=http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/Sir-Charles-Kao-UTC-Harlow-opens-doors-new/story-22892401-detail/story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915184032/http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/Sir-Charles-Kao-UTC-Harlow-opens-doors-new/story-22892401-detail/story.html |archive-date=15 September 2014 |access-date=15 September 2014}}</ref> An sanya mata suna ne bayan masanin kimiyyar da ya lashe kyautar Nobel [[Charles K. Kao]] wanda ya yi aiki kuma ya yi karatu a Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Sadarwa na Standard Telecommunication da ke Harlow. Ofsted ya sanya wa Kwalejin suna a matsayin "Mai Kyau" a dukkan fannoni bayan wani bincike da aka yi a watan Janairun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ofsted Communications Team |date=6 April 2023 |title=Find an inspection report and registered childcare |url=http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=reports.ofsted.gov.uk}}</ref> Wani rahoto na Ofsted a watan Afrilun 2017 ya bai wa makarantar maki "Bukatar Ingantawa" a dukkan fannoni; a wancan lokacin makarantar tana da ɗalibai 140 duk da cewa tana da ɗalibai 500. <ref name="kao">{{Cite web |title=Sir Charles Kao Utc |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/140570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210219/https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/140570 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> Daga watan Afrilun 2018, an sake ƙaddamar da makarantar a matsayin memba na BMAT, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BMAT EDUCATION - GOV.UK |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Groups/Group/Details/2497 |access-date=5 December 2019 |website=get-information-schools.service.gov.uk}}</ref> wani [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|amintaccen makarantar]] da ke gudanar da makarantu a Essex ciki har da Burnt Mill Academy da Epping St John's . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2018 |title=Sir Charles Kao UTC joins Burnt Mill family |url=http://www.yourharlow.com/2018/01/16/sir-charles-kao-utc-joins-burnt-mill-family/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210203/http://www.yourharlow.com/2018/01/16/sir-charles-kao-utc-joins-burnt-mill-family/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=Your Harlow}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burnt Mill and Sir Charles Kao link up |url=http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/82/news-archive/article/115/burnt-mill-and-sir-charles-kao-link-up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210256/http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/82/news-archive/article/115/burnt-mill-and-sir-charles-kao-link-up |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=Burnt Mill Academy Trust}}</ref> An sake masa suna zuwa BMAT STEM Academy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=STEM Academy |url=http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/187/stem-academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005051/http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/187/stem-academy |archive-date=30 August 2018 |access-date=29 August 2018 |website=Burnt Mill Academy Trust}}</ref> == Manazarta == h2z87ohc7r7uw0xyxoesw8jcyhk11yp 885214 885159 2026-07-20T11:36:28Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kwalejin BMAT STEM''' Kwalejin [[Fasaha]] ce ta Jami'a a harabar Kwalejin Harlow da ke Harlow, Essex, Ingila, wacce aka bude a watan Satumba na 2014 a matsayin '''Sir Charles Kao UTC''' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sir Charles Kao UTC in Harlow opens its doors to new students |url=http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/Sir-Charles-Kao-UTC-Harlow-opens-doors-new/story-22892401-detail/story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915184032/http://www.harlowstar.co.uk/Sir-Charles-Kao-UTC-Harlow-opens-doors-new/story-22892401-detail/story.html |archive-date=15 September 2014 |access-date=15 September 2014}}</ref> An sanya mata suna ne bayan masanin kimiyyar da ya lashe kyautar Nobel [[Charles K. Kao]] wanda ya yi aiki kuma ya yi karatu a Dakunan gwaje-gwaje na Sadarwa na Standard Telecommunication da ke Harlow. Ofsted ya sanya wa Kwalejin suna a matsayin "Mai Kyau" a dukkan fannoni bayan wani bincike da aka yi a watan Janairun 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ofsted Communications Team |date=6 April 2023 |title=Find an inspection report and registered childcare |url=http://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report |access-date=4 December 2023 |website=reports.ofsted.gov.uk}}</ref> Wani rahoto na Ofsted a watan Afrilun 2017 ya bai wa makarantar maki "Bukatar Ingantawa" a dukkan fannoni; a wancan lokacin makarantar tana da ɗalibai 140 duk da cewa tana da ɗalibai 500. <ref name="kao">{{Cite web |title=Sir Charles Kao Utc |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/140570 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210219/https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/140570 |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> Daga watan Afrilun 2018, an sake ƙaddamar da makarantar a matsayin memba na BMAT, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BMAT EDUCATION - GOV.UK |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Groups/Group/Details/2497 |access-date=5 December 2019 |website=get-information-schools.service.gov.uk}}</ref> wani [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|amintaccen makarantar]] da ke gudanar da makarantu a Essex ciki har da Burnt Mill Academy da Epping St John's . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 January 2018 |title=Sir Charles Kao UTC joins Burnt Mill family |url=http://www.yourharlow.com/2018/01/16/sir-charles-kao-utc-joins-burnt-mill-family/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210203/http://www.yourharlow.com/2018/01/16/sir-charles-kao-utc-joins-burnt-mill-family/ |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=Your Harlow}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burnt Mill and Sir Charles Kao link up |url=http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/82/news-archive/article/115/burnt-mill-and-sir-charles-kao-link-up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408210256/http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/82/news-archive/article/115/burnt-mill-and-sir-charles-kao-link-up |archive-date=8 April 2018 |access-date=8 April 2018 |website=Burnt Mill Academy Trust}}</ref> An sake masa suna zuwa BMAT STEM Academy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=STEM Academy |url=http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/187/stem-academy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005051/http://www.bmatrust.org.uk/187/stem-academy |archive-date=30 August 2018 |access-date=29 August 2018 |website=Burnt Mill Academy Trust}}</ref> == Manazarta == t58azh1wgcv1mxu79b9fla8t33x206p 0 161924 885161 2026-07-20T10:41:24Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339753095|Lycée Saint Cricq]]" 885161 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq''', wacce aka fi sani da Faransanci kamar yadda ''Lycée Saint-Cricq'' babbar makarantar jama'a ce a Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, [[Faransa]] . <ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.lycee-saint-cricq.org School web site]</ref> Akwai ɗalibai 1600. Ɗaliban suna tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 18 saboda shirin yin digiri na biyu da kuma shekaru 18 zuwa 20 don yin digiri na biyu bayan kammala karatun digiri {{Lang|fr|[[proviseur]]}} biyu. François-Olivier JOYET. == Duba kuma == * Ilimi a Faransa * Lycée Henri-IV * Lycée Janson de Sailly * Ilimin sakandare a Faransa == Hotunan Hotuna == [[Fayil:Vie_scolaire_A_du_lycée_Saint_-_Cricq,_Pau,_France.jpg|thumb|Vie Scolaire A na Saint-Cricq High School.]] [[Fayil:Gymnase_du_lycée_Saint_-_Cricq,_Pau,_France.jpg|thumb|Dakin motsa jiki na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint - Cricq.]] [[Fayil:Batiment_C_du_lycée_Saint_-_Cricq,_Pau,_France.jpg|thumb|Gina C na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint - Cricq.]] <gallery> Fayil:Le_lycée_Saint-Cricq_depuis_le_batiment_B.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School since the building B.| Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq tun daga ginin B. Fayil:Batiment_D_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School building D.| Ginin Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq D. Fayil:Batiment_E_de_Saint-Cricq_vue_1.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School building E seen 1.| Ginin Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq E gani 1. Fayil:Batiment_E_de_Saint-Cricq_vue_2.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School building E seen 2.| Ginin Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq E ya gani 2. Fayil:Entrée_nord_ou_du_parking_des_professeurs_du_lycée_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School North exit.| Fita daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq ta Arewa. Fayil:Les_différents_proviseurs_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School principals.| Shugabannin makarantar sakandare ta Saint-Cricq. Fayil:La_salle_d'étude_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School study room.| Ɗakin karatu na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq. Fayil:Le_monument_historique_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School monument.| Abin tunawa da makarantar sakandare ta Saint-Cricq. </gallery> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{In lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100305182002/http://www.lycee-saint-cricq.org/site/ Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma] * {{In lang|fr}} [https://www.lefigaro.fr/palmares-lycees/academie-bordeaux/pyrenees-atlantiques/0640057p-pau-leg-lycee-saint-cricq-general-et-techno/ Sakamako na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq] * {{In lang|en}} [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=43.300923,-0.359679&spn=0,0.00751&z=18&layer=c&cbll=43.300864,-0.359779&panoid=up7jcn8qV4jcpKePWXxiGA&cbp=12,141.29,,0,-11.39 Ginin tarihi na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq akan google street view] == Manazarta == jqfy4lvjjhtilc8j039q6bb8w704tjm 885162 885161 2026-07-20T10:41:54Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq''', wacce aka fi sani da Faransanci kamar yadda ''Lycée Saint-Cricq'' babbar makarantar jama'a ce a Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, [[Faransa]] . <ref>{{In lang|fr}} [http://www.lycee-saint-cricq.org School web site]</ref> Akwai ɗalibai 1600. Ɗaliban suna tsakanin shekaru 15 zuwa 18 saboda shirin yin digiri na biyu da kuma shekaru 18 zuwa 20 don yin digiri na biyu bayan kammala karatun digiri {{Lang|fr|[[proviseur]]}} biyu. François-Olivier JOYET. == Duba kuma == * Ilimi a Faransa * Lycée Henri-IV * Lycée Janson de Sailly * Ilimin sakandare a Faransa == Hotunan Hotuna == [[Fayil:Vie_scolaire_A_du_lycée_Saint_-_Cricq,_Pau,_France.jpg|thumb|Vie Scolaire A na Saint-Cricq High School.]] [[Fayil:Gymnase_du_lycée_Saint_-_Cricq,_Pau,_France.jpg|thumb|Dakin motsa jiki na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint - Cricq.]] [[Fayil:Batiment_C_du_lycée_Saint_-_Cricq,_Pau,_France.jpg|thumb|Gina C na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint - Cricq.]] <gallery> Fayil:Le_lycée_Saint-Cricq_depuis_le_batiment_B.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School since the building B.| Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq tun daga ginin B. Fayil:Batiment_D_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School building D.| Ginin Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq D. Fayil:Batiment_E_de_Saint-Cricq_vue_1.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School building E seen 1.| Ginin Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq E gani 1. Fayil:Batiment_E_de_Saint-Cricq_vue_2.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School building E seen 2.| Ginin Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq E ya gani 2. Fayil:Entrée_nord_ou_du_parking_des_professeurs_du_lycée_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School North exit.| Fita daga Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq ta Arewa. Fayil:Les_différents_proviseurs_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School principals.| Shugabannin makarantar sakandare ta Saint-Cricq. Fayil:La_salle_d'étude_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School study room.| Ɗakin karatu na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq. Fayil:Le_monument_historique_de_Saint-Cricq.jpg|alt=Saint-Cricq High School monument.| Abin tunawa da makarantar sakandare ta Saint-Cricq. </gallery> == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{In lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20100305182002/http://www.lycee-saint-cricq.org/site/ Shafin yanar gizo na hukuma] * {{In lang|fr}} [https://www.lefigaro.fr/palmares-lycees/academie-bordeaux/pyrenees-atlantiques/0640057p-pau-leg-lycee-saint-cricq-general-et-techno/ Sakamako na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq] * {{In lang|en}} [https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=43.300923,-0.359679&spn=0,0.00751&z=18&layer=c&cbll=43.300864,-0.359779&panoid=up7jcn8qV4jcpKePWXxiGA&cbp=12,141.29,,0,-11.39 Ginin tarihi na Makarantar Sakandare ta Saint-Cricq akan google street view] == Manazarta == igpu2p8bjkseip1ijtxi0ljzgve3kt1 0 161925 885163 2026-07-20T10:42:40Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349796804|Father–daughter dance]]" 885163 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rawar uba da 'ya mace''' rawa ce tsakanin uba da ' yarsa . Rawar uba da 'ya mace sun zama ruwan dare a liyafar aure a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da [[Birtaniya|Birtaniya.]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}, kodayake ba duk bukukuwan aure ke da rawa ta uba da 'ya ba. A cikin yanayi inda mahaifin 'ya mace ba ya nan, ana iya maye gurbinsa da wani mutum na tsararraki da yawa, kamar kawu ko uban aboki na kud da kud. Rawar uba da 'ya mace suna da yawa a quinceañeras da bukukuwan debutante . Wani yanayi da aka saba gani a 2018 a liyafar aure shine a yi rawa ta farko kawai ga ma'auratan aure da waƙoƙin biki, a daina rawa ta uba da 'ya mace. A lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] da ta fara a 2020, wannan yanayin ya koma baya. A bukukuwan aure, rawa ta uba da 'ya mace galibi tana faruwa ne bayan rawa ta farko ta ma'aurata. Wani lokaci '''rawa ta uba da 'ya mace da uwa da ɗa''' suna haɗuwa cikin rawa ɗaya. Idan rawa ta farko ta faru bayan shiga wurin liyafar, rawa ta uba da 'ya mace yawanci tana faruwa ne bayan an yi musu toast kuma za a bi ta da yanke kek. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Timeline for Your Wedding Day |url=https://www.brides.com/story/reception-timeline-tips}}</ref> Waƙar da aka zaɓa don rawa ta uba da 'ya mace yawanci tana bayyana soyayya tsakanin uba da 'yarsa. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, shahararrun waƙoƙin uba da 'ya mace sun haɗa da " Daddy's Little Girl " na Al Martino da The Mills Brothers, " My Girl " na The Temptations, " Isn't She Lovely " na Stevie Wonder da " Father and Daughter " na Paul Simon . A cikin shekarun 2010, shahararrun waƙoƙin uba da 'ya mace sun haɗa da " I Loved Her First " na Heartland, " My Little Girl " na Tim McGraw da " Butterfly Kisses " na Bob Carlisle . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Father Daughter Dance Songs 2022 |url=https://www.myweddingsongs.com/wedding-song-lists/father-daughter-songs/}}</ref> Rawar uba da 'ya mace kuma na iya nufin wani biki inda 'yan mata da ubanninsu za su iya rawa. Yawancin [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantun firamare]] suna yin rawa ta uba da 'ya mace, musamman a ranar masoya . Duk da cewa an yi waɗannan bukukuwan ne ga 'yan mata da ubanninsu, wasu makarantu suna ba da damar wasu mutane, kamar 'yan uwan 'yan matan, 'yan'uwansu da abokansu na kud da kud su halarta. Rawar uwa da ɗa suna amfani da kwatancen ɗa da mahaifiyarsa, kodayake ba su da yawa kamar rawa ta uba da 'ya. == Duba kuma == * Kwallo mai tsarki * ''Mitzvah tantz'' == Manazarta == 7y3gery35jkp9gvgx1m0jldmujcdvq8 885164 885163 2026-07-20T10:43:00Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rawar uba da 'ya mace''' rawa ce tsakanin uba da ' yarsa . Rawar uba da 'ya mace sun zama ruwan dare a liyafar aure a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]] da [[Birtaniya|Birtaniya.]]{{Ana bukatan hujja|date=December 2025}}, kodayake ba duk bukukuwan aure ke da rawa ta uba da 'ya ba. A cikin yanayi inda mahaifin 'ya mace ba ya nan, ana iya maye gurbinsa da wani mutum na tsararraki da yawa, kamar kawu ko uban aboki na kud da kud. Rawar uba da 'ya mace suna da yawa a quinceañeras da bukukuwan debutante . Wani yanayi da aka saba gani a 2018 a liyafar aure shine a yi rawa ta farko kawai ga ma'auratan aure da waƙoƙin biki, a daina rawa ta uba da 'ya mace. A lokacin [[Murar Mashaƙo 2019|annobar COVID-19]] da ta fara a 2020, wannan yanayin ya koma baya. A bukukuwan aure, rawa ta uba da 'ya mace galibi tana faruwa ne bayan rawa ta farko ta ma'aurata. Wani lokaci '''rawa ta uba da 'ya mace da uwa da ɗa''' suna haɗuwa cikin rawa ɗaya. Idan rawa ta farko ta faru bayan shiga wurin liyafar, rawa ta uba da 'ya mace yawanci tana faruwa ne bayan an yi musu toast kuma za a bi ta da yanke kek. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Timeline for Your Wedding Day |url=https://www.brides.com/story/reception-timeline-tips}}</ref> Waƙar da aka zaɓa don rawa ta uba da 'ya mace yawanci tana bayyana soyayya tsakanin uba da 'yarsa. A tsakiyar ƙarni na 20 zuwa ƙarshen ƙarni na 20, shahararrun waƙoƙin uba da 'ya mace sun haɗa da " Daddy's Little Girl " na Al Martino da The Mills Brothers, " My Girl " na The Temptations, " Isn't She Lovely " na Stevie Wonder da " Father and Daughter " na Paul Simon . A cikin shekarun 2010, shahararrun waƙoƙin uba da 'ya mace sun haɗa da " I Loved Her First " na Heartland, " My Little Girl " na Tim McGraw da " Butterfly Kisses " na Bob Carlisle . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Father Daughter Dance Songs 2022 |url=https://www.myweddingsongs.com/wedding-song-lists/father-daughter-songs/}}</ref> Rawar uba da 'ya mace kuma na iya nufin wani biki inda 'yan mata da ubanninsu za su iya rawa. Yawancin [[Makarantar Firamare|makarantun firamare]] suna yin rawa ta uba da 'ya mace, musamman a ranar masoya . Duk da cewa an yi waɗannan bukukuwan ne ga 'yan mata da ubanninsu, wasu makarantu suna ba da damar wasu mutane, kamar 'yan uwan 'yan matan, 'yan'uwansu da abokansu na kud da kud su halarta. Rawar uwa da ɗa suna amfani da kwatancen ɗa da mahaifiyarsa, kodayake ba su da yawa kamar rawa ta uba da 'ya. == Duba kuma == * Kwallo mai tsarki * ''Mitzvah tantz'' == Manazarta == k4w5rmly13cyvpmsy6q6jd2k7b9ao2d 0 161926 885166 2026-07-20T10:45:52Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339763717|Aylesbury UTC]]" 885166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aylesbury UTC''' kwalejin fasaha ce ta jami'a (UTC) wacce aka buɗe a watan Satumba na 2013 a Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Ingila. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-24 |title=Aylesbury UTC official website |url=https://aylesburyutc.co.uk}}</ref> Makarantar tana da ɗaliban aji 10, aji 11 da aji shida, tare da ƙarin ɗaliban aji 9 daga Satumba 2026. Makarantar tana ba da kwasa-kwasan fannoni na musamman a fannin Dijital, da Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a. == Wuri == Aylesbury UTC tana kusa da Tashar Jirgin Ƙasa ta Aylesbury da tashar bas da cibiyar siyayya. Tana nan kusa da Kwalejin Aylesbury da Makarantar Sir Henry Floyd Grammar, a Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, Ingila. == Tarihi == Kamfanin Aylesbury UTC ya koma jagorancin Kamfanin Oxfordshire Academy Trust na Merchant Taylors a watan Nuwamba na 2021. An kuma naɗa sabon shugaban makaranta, Nick Lamb, a wannan watan. Ya maye gurbin Sarah Valentine, wacce ta bar UTC a watan Oktoba na 2021. A shekarar 2022, makarantar ta canza sunanta daga Bucks UTC zuwa Aylesbury UTC a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin sunan makarantar. Ta kuma gabatar da wani sabon fanni na musamman mai suna Health and Social Care. A shekarar 2023, an naɗa Joe Dunckley a matsayin Shugaban Makaranta na biyar tun lokacin da aka buɗe shi a shekarar 2013. Makarantar ta daina bayar da darussan Nazarin Gine-gine a watan Yulin 2024. == Masu tallafawa da abokan hulɗa == Jami'ar Buckinghamshire New University ita ce ke ɗaukar nauyin jami'ar UTC. Cisco, Buckinghamshire NHS Trust da [[Amazon (kamfani)|Amazon]] wasu daga cikin abokan hulɗar makarantar ne. Ma'aikatan Aylesbury UTC na gida sun haɗa da Alcom IT, The Freemantle Trust, Chiltern Rangers da Cloudy IT. == Shiga == Jami'ar Aylesbury UTC ta fara ɗaukar ɗalibai 'yan shekara 14 da 16 (shekara ta 10 da 12) a shekarar 2013, amma ta faɗaɗa don ɗaukar ɗalibai 'yan shekara 14 zuwa 19. == Kayan aiki == Ginin ya ci fam miliyan 10 kuma yana da na'urorin hasken rana don samar da makamashi mai ɗorewa ga wuraren aiki da yankin. Kayan aikin dijital sun haɗa da dakin gwaje-gwaje na Apple Mac, wurin aiki na kafofin watsa labarai masu ƙirƙira, allon kore da ɗakunan IT da yawa. Akwai kuma kantin abinci a wurin. Makarantar tana da cikakken damar shiga ga nakasassu da bandakuna na nakasassu. A shekarar 2023, Aylesbury UTC ta buɗe sabbin wurare don ƙwarewarta ta Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a. Wannan ya haɗa da tsarin gwaji, azuzuwa biyu, wuraren nunin gida da kicin, da kuma ɗakunan kwana. Makarantar ta sami £120,000 ta hanyar tallafin kayan aikin dijital na musamman na T-Level <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=Specialist equipment allocation (SEA) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/t-levels-capital-fund/specialist-equipment-allocation-sea |access-date=2024-08-06 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> a shekarar 2024. == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Jami'ar Aylesbury UTC tana koyar da Digiri da Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a. Ɗaliban da ke tsakanin shekaru 14 zuwa 19 suna bin wani shiri na karatu wanda aka keɓe ga ɗaya daga cikin fannoni na musamman. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da muhimmin tushe na Turanci, Lissafi da Kimiyya GCSEs . Ɗaliban aji na shida suna da zaɓin yin karatun kwasa-kwasan T-Level da takaddun shaida na masana'antu. Jami'ar UTC tana tallafawa horon aiki da ƙwarewar aiki tare da abokan hulɗa na gida. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Curriculum |url=http://www.buckinghamshireutc.co.uk/curriculum/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128140751/http://www.buckinghamshireutc.co.uk/curriculum/ |archive-date=2012-11-28 |access-date=2013-04-03 |publisher=Buckinghamshire UTC}}</ref> A watan Satumba na 2022, makarantar ta gabatar da darasinta na musamman kan Lafiya da Kula da Jama'a. == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] qi3wgzrug7ml69cpd9vk2pguayrhm3t 0 161927 885169 2026-07-20T10:54:36Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] c7hcjsqb0fpiosek76ps1lxz76pf1w0 885170 885169 2026-07-20T10:55:32Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] p15za4e8j7dast7rmqyehjnplpnnn1i 885171 885170 2026-07-20T10:56:19Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 7r1h33ocwkbve40qdkpjo0lmfimqc49 885172 885171 2026-07-20T10:56:49Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 54t4omom0ceqlkju5wadlqx5u36y1er 885173 885172 2026-07-20T10:57:12Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] o0qkm0jpm62bv8caa0a2dspb8a17b3v 885174 885173 2026-07-20T10:57:32Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885174 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cole ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan makaranta . An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar Ingila C, wacce ke wakiltar Ingila a matakin da ba na League ba, a watan Fabrairun 2005 a wasan sada zumunci da Netherlands. Ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke Finland C da ci 1-0 a watan Yunin 2007, sannan ya ci wa waɗanda suka yi nasara a wasan da suka yi da Wales XI da Gibraltar a 2008. Daga baya an zaɓi Cole don rangadin Ingila C na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] a watan Yunin 2008, yana wasa a wasanni biyu da Grenada da Barbados . Da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 14, Cole shine na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ba ta League ba. [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 71qeamps8q2h7wc33baqgck95f64pos 885175 885174 2026-07-20T10:58:15Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cole ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan makaranta . An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar Ingila C, wacce ke wakiltar Ingila a matakin da ba na League ba, a watan Fabrairun 2005 a wasan sada zumunci da Netherlands. Ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke Finland C da ci 1-0 a watan Yunin 2007, sannan ya ci wa waɗanda suka yi nasara a wasan da suka yi da Wales XI da Gibraltar a 2008. Daga baya an zaɓi Cole don rangadin Ingila C na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] a watan Yunin 2008, yana wasa a wasanni biyu da Grenada da Barbados . Da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 14, Cole shine na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ba ta League ba. == Salon wasan == An tura Cole a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na hagu]] kuma an san shi da saurinsa, iya ɗaukar 'yan wasa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙafar hagu. Manajan C na Ingila Paul Fairclough ya kwatanta salon wasansa da na Ryan Giggs, <ref name="Cole can be new Giggs – Fairclough" /> yayin da manaja Mark Stimson ya bayyana cewa yana da ikon yin wasa a matakin mafi girma, yana nuna yanayin matsayinsa da ikon doke abokan hamayyarsa. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Surukinsa, Joe Cole, daga baya ya lura cewa, duk da cewa yanayin zuciyarsa ya takaita, ya kasance mai hazaka ta fasaha, mai sauri, da kuma hazaka sosai. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Mutuwa == Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012, yana da shekaru 27, a Finsbury Leisure Centre da ke Islington, Landan, yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai. Mutuwarsa tana da alaƙa da yanayin zuciyarsa da ya riga ya kasance. <ref name="Mitchell Cole, ex-Oxford and Southend footballer, dies at 27" /> [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] 5003sjt89bvuvn6dxtql6ctoni3hcxb 885176 885175 2026-07-20T10:59:00Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cole ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan makaranta . An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar Ingila C, wacce ke wakiltar Ingila a matakin da ba na League ba, a watan Fabrairun 2005 a wasan sada zumunci da Netherlands. Ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke Finland C da ci 1-0 a watan Yunin 2007, sannan ya ci wa waɗanda suka yi nasara a wasan da suka yi da Wales XI da Gibraltar a 2008. Daga baya an zaɓi Cole don rangadin Ingila C na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] a watan Yunin 2008, yana wasa a wasanni biyu da Grenada da Barbados . Da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 14, Cole shine na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ba ta League ba. == Salon wasan == An tura Cole a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na hagu]] kuma an san shi da saurinsa, iya ɗaukar 'yan wasa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙafar hagu. Manajan C na Ingila Paul Fairclough ya kwatanta salon wasansa da na Ryan Giggs, <ref name="Cole can be new Giggs – Fairclough" /> yayin da manaja Mark Stimson ya bayyana cewa yana da ikon yin wasa a matakin mafi girma, yana nuna yanayin matsayinsa da ikon doke abokan hamayyarsa. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Surukinsa, Joe Cole, daga baya ya lura cewa, duk da cewa yanayin zuciyarsa ya takaita, ya kasance mai hazaka ta fasaha, mai sauri, da kuma hazaka sosai. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Mutuwa == Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012, yana da shekaru 27, a Finsbury Leisure Centre da ke Islington, Landan, yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai. Mutuwarsa tana da alaƙa da yanayin zuciyarsa da ya riga ya kasance. <ref name="Mitchell Cole, ex-Oxford and Southend footballer, dies at 27" /> === Jagorori === An yi ta yi wa Cole gaisuwa sosai bayan rasuwarsa. Ƙungiyoyi da magoya baya sun yi ta'aziyya da ɗan lokaci na shiru, an ɗaure baƙaƙen hannu, an kuma yi masa tafi daidai da lambar ƙungiyarsa, yayin da tsoffin abokan wasansa, ciki har da Jack Midson da [[Steve Morison]], suka sadaukar da kwallaye a gare shi. An kuma yi masa ta'aziyya a lokacin bikin BBC Sports Heritage of the Year na 2012. An gudanar da wasan fa'ida, mai taken 'Match for Mitch', a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2013 a Broadhall Way tsakanin Mitchell Cole XI da Stevenage XI, inda aka samu kudin shiga ga iyalinsa da kuma Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy. 'Yan kallo 2,306 ne suka halarci wasan. Mahalarta wasan sun haɗa da surukinsa Joe Cole, [[Andy Carroll]], James Collins, Gary Hooper, Matt Jarvis, da Kevin Nolan, <ref name="Mitchell Cole remembered" /> tare da tsoffin abokan wasansa daga ƙungiyoyinsa na baya. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Cole yana da 'ya'ya uku tare da matarsa, Charly, wacce 'yar'uwar ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan wasan Ingila Joe Cole. An haifi 'yarsu ta uku, Leni, a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2012, mako guda bayan mutuwar Cole. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a watan Fabrairu 2011, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada na Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy, yana wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin a Burtaniya da Amurka. Ƙanensa, Ben, ya taimaka wajen kafa Gasar Tunawa da Mitchell Cole don girmama shi, yana tara kuɗi don ƙungiyar agaji ta Cardiomyopathy UK. == Ƙididdigar aiki == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] jac1jqh464ku6dx7czxy97m83gh527o 885177 885176 2026-07-20T10:59:48Z Abdurra'uf 23412 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359355777|Mitchell Cole]]" 885177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cole ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan makaranta . An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar Ingila C, wacce ke wakiltar Ingila a matakin da ba na League ba, a watan Fabrairun 2005 a wasan sada zumunci da Netherlands. Ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke Finland C da ci 1-0 a watan Yunin 2007, sannan ya ci wa waɗanda suka yi nasara a wasan da suka yi da Wales XI da Gibraltar a 2008. Daga baya an zaɓi Cole don rangadin Ingila C na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] a watan Yunin 2008, yana wasa a wasanni biyu da Grenada da Barbados . Da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 14, Cole shine na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ba ta League ba. == Salon wasan == An tura Cole a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na hagu]] kuma an san shi da saurinsa, iya ɗaukar 'yan wasa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙafar hagu. Manajan C na Ingila Paul Fairclough ya kwatanta salon wasansa da na Ryan Giggs, <ref name="Cole can be new Giggs – Fairclough" /> yayin da manaja Mark Stimson ya bayyana cewa yana da ikon yin wasa a matakin mafi girma, yana nuna yanayin matsayinsa da ikon doke abokan hamayyarsa. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Surukinsa, Joe Cole, daga baya ya lura cewa, duk da cewa yanayin zuciyarsa ya takaita, ya kasance mai hazaka ta fasaha, mai sauri, da kuma hazaka sosai. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Mutuwa == Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012, yana da shekaru 27, a Finsbury Leisure Centre da ke Islington, Landan, yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai. Mutuwarsa tana da alaƙa da yanayin zuciyarsa da ya riga ya kasance. <ref name="Mitchell Cole, ex-Oxford and Southend footballer, dies at 27" /> === Jagorori === An yi ta yi wa Cole gaisuwa sosai bayan rasuwarsa. Ƙungiyoyi da magoya baya sun yi ta'aziyya da ɗan lokaci na shiru, an ɗaure baƙaƙen hannu, an kuma yi masa tafi daidai da lambar ƙungiyarsa, yayin da tsoffin abokan wasansa, ciki har da Jack Midson da [[Steve Morison]], suka sadaukar da kwallaye a gare shi. An kuma yi masa ta'aziyya a lokacin bikin BBC Sports Heritage of the Year na 2012. An gudanar da wasan fa'ida, mai taken 'Match for Mitch', a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2013 a Broadhall Way tsakanin Mitchell Cole XI da Stevenage XI, inda aka samu kudin shiga ga iyalinsa da kuma Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy. 'Yan kallo 2,306 ne suka halarci wasan. Mahalarta wasan sun haɗa da surukinsa Joe Cole, [[Andy Carroll]], James Collins, Gary Hooper, Matt Jarvis, da Kevin Nolan, <ref name="Mitchell Cole remembered" /> tare da tsoffin abokan wasansa daga ƙungiyoyinsa na baya. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Cole yana da 'ya'ya uku tare da matarsa, Charly, wacce 'yar'uwar ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan wasan Ingila Joe Cole. An haifi 'yarsu ta uku, Leni, a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2012, mako guda bayan mutuwar Cole. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a watan Fabrairu 2011, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada na Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy, yana wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin a Burtaniya da Amurka. Ƙanensa, Ben, ya taimaka wajen kafa Gasar Tunawa da Mitchell Cole don girmama shi, yana tara kuɗi don ƙungiyar agaji ta Cardiomyopathy UK. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Grays Athletic |2004–05 |Conference South |35 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12{{Efn|Eight appearances and one goal in [[FA Trophy]]; three appearances and two goals in [[Conference League Cup]]; one appearance and one goal in [[Essex Senior Cup]]}} |4 |47 |9 |- | rowspan="3" |Southend United |2005–06 |League One |29 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |1 |- |2006–07 |Championship |4 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !33 !1 !2 !0 !2 !0 !0 !0 !37 !1 |- |Northampton Town |2006–07<ref name="MC06" /> |League One |8 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]}} |0 |9 |1 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] |2006–07<ref name="MC06" /><ref name="Boroguide – 2006–07">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2006–7: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0607/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915131436/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/season.php?ID=0607 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference National |19 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}} |1 |25 |3 |- |2007–08<ref name="Boroguide – 2007–08">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2007–8: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0708/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102526/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0708/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |26 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |27 |2 |- |2008–09<ref name="Boroguide – 2008–09">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2008–9: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0809/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716101819/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0809/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |42 |12 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6[c] |1 |50 |14 |- |2009–10<ref name="Boroguide – 2009–10">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2009–10: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0910/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102044/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0910/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |32 |4 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6[c] |0 |41 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !119 !20 !7 !1 !0 !0 !18 !2 !144 !23 |- |[[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] |2010–11 |League Two |4 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1[b] |0 |6 |0 |- |Stotfold |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SSMFL Premier Division |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |Hitchin Town |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SFL Premier Division |11 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Two appearances in FA Trophy; one appearance and one goal in [[Southern Football League Cup (England)|Southern League Cup]]}} |1 |15 |2 |- |Biggleswade Town |2011–12 |SFL Division One Central |6 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |6 |1 |- |Arlesey Town |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SFL Premier Division |10 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Bedfordshire Senior Cup]]}} |1 |11 |2 |- |Basildon United |2012–13 |Essex Senior League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !229 !30 !10 !1 !3 !0 !36 !8 !278 !38 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Grays Athletic''' * Taron Kudu : 2004–05 * Kofin FA : 2004–05 '''Southend United''' * League One : 2005–06 '''Stevenage Borough''' * Babban Taron : 2009–10 * Kofin FA : 2006–07, 2008–09 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 2009–10 == Manazarta == == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] g5ho6mako51wm0tjf0l49qqqlvqjbvz 885178 885177 2026-07-20T11:01:01Z Abdurra'uf 23412 inganta muqala 885178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Mitchell James Cole''' (6 ga Oktoba 1985 - 30 ga Nuwamba 2012) [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa]] ne na Ingila wanda ya buga ƙwallon ƙafa a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe]] . Ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a shekarar 2011 bayan an gano yana da cutar zuciya mai tsanani, wato cutar zuciya da ta sa ya kasa ci gaba da buga wasa a gasa. Bayan ya fara aikinsa a makarantar koyon aikin [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]], Cole ya koma Grays Athletic a shekara ta 2004 kuma ya taimaka wa kulob din lashe gasar Conference South da kuma gasar FA Trophy . Ya sanya hannu a kan yarjejeniyar da Southend United a watan Yulin 2005 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban kulob din zuwa gasar Championship a matsayin zakaran gasar League One a kakar wasa ta farko . Cole ya koma [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] a watan Janairun 2007, inda ya zira kwallaye a wasan karshe na farko a sabon [[filin wasa na Wembley]] yayin da kulob din ya lashe gasar FA. Ya sake lashe gasar a shekara ta 2009 kuma ya taimaka wa Stevenage ya samu ci gaba zuwa gasar kwallon kafa ta Football League a matsayin zakaran gasar Conference Premier a kakar wasa ta 2009-10 . Cole ya rattaba hannu a [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] a watan Yunin 2010, inda ya buga wasanni shida kafin ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru a watan Fabrairun 2011 saboda ciwon zuciyarsa. Daga baya ya koma ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwarewa, yana bugawa Stotfold, Hitchin Town, Biggleswade Town, Arlesey Town, da Basildon United, inda ya buga wasa na ƙarshe a ƙungiyar a watan Satumbar 2012. A ƙasashen duniya, ya buga wasanni 14 kuma ya zura kwallaye bakwai a ƙungiyar C ta Ingila, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗan wasa na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar. Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamban 2012 yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai, inda mutuwarsa ta shafi ciwon zuciyarsa da ya riga ya taɓa yi. == Rayuwa ta farko == An haife shi a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1985 a Landan, Ingila, Cole ya halarci Makarantar Firamare ta Moorfield. == Aikin kulob == === Farkon aikina === Cole ya fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cibiyar ƙwarewa ta Norwich City, wacce ke Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, kafin ya koma makarantar horar da 'yan wasan [[West Ham United FC|West Ham United]] lokacin da aka rufe cibiyar. <ref name="Flown from the nest: Mitchell Cole" /> Ya sanya hannu kan kwangilarsa ta farko ta ƙwararru da West Ham a filin wasa a Upton Park . Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, ya faɗi sau uku kuma an gano yana da cutar zuciya ta gado wadda ake kira hypertrophic cardiomyopathy . West Ham ta girmama kwangilarsa amma daga baya ta sake shi, tana mai cewa haɗarin da ke tattare da lafiyarsa ne. Cole bai yi wasa ba tsawon shekara guda, ya yi tunanin yin ritaya na ɗan lokaci don zama direban tasi baƙar fata, kuma ya yi nauyi . === Grays Athletic === Duk da cewa an gano cutar, Cole ya ci gaba da neman aiki a ƙwallon ƙafa, domin ba a san komai game da wannan matsala ba a lokacin, kuma ya ji daɗin tafiyar da ita da kansa. A lokacin bazara na 2004, bayan ya gana da shugaban ƙungiyar Mick Woodward a lokacin hutun iyali, an gayyaci Cole ya yi atisaye da ƙungiyar Grays Athletic ta Conference South . Daga baya, manaja Mark Stimson ya ba shi kwangila, kuma ya yi wasa akai-akai a kakar wasa ta 2004-05, inda ya buga wasanni 47 kuma ya zira kwallaye tara yayin da Grays ya lashe gasar Conference South. Cole ya fara wasan ƙarshe na gasar FA ta 2005 a ranar 23 ga Mayu 2005, inda Grays ya doke Hucknall Town da bugun fanareti bayan an tashi kunnen doki 1-1; 'Yan leƙen asiri daga [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] sun lura da shi a lokacin wasan. === Southend United === Wasan da Cole ya yi wa Grays ya sa ya koma kulob din League One Southend United kan kuɗin da ba a bayyana ba a ranar 13 ga Yuli 2005. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a wasan farko na kakar wasa ta 2005-06, inda ya fara da rashin nasara 2-1 a hannun Port Vale a filin wasa na Roots Hall . Ya lura cewa salon gudanarwa na Steve Tilson a Southend yayi kama da na tsohon manaja Stimson, wanda ya taimaka masa ya zauna cikin sauri a kulob din. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Cole ya zura kwallonsa daya tilo a raga wa Southend a wasan da suka doke abokan hamayyarsu na gida Colchester United da ci 3-1, kuma ya buga wasanni 31 a wannan kakar, <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> yayin da kungiyar ta samu damar shiga gasar Championship a matsayin zakarun League One. Bayan ya buga wasanni biyu a Southend a farkon kakar wasa ta 2006-07, Cole ya nemi ƙarin lokacin wasa akai-akai. Duk da cewa Tilson bai yi niyyar barinsa ya tafi ba, ya bar Cole ya koma ƙungiyar League One Northampton Town a matsayin aro na wata ɗaya. <ref name="Cole leaves Southend for Cobblers" /> Ya fara buga wasa a wasan da Tranmere Rovers ta sha kashi da ci 3-1 a hannun Sixfields, <ref name="MC06" /> kuma ya zura ƙwallonsa ta farko a ƙungiyar a wasan da suka doke Millwall da ci 1-0 a waje a ranar 24 ga Satumba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> An tsawaita kwangilar na tsawon wata guda a ranar 11 ga Oktoba, 2006, inda Cole ya buga wasanni tara jimilla kafin ya koma Southend a watan Nuwamba, 2006. <ref name="MC06" /> Ya buga wasanni uku a ƙungiyar a wannan kakar kafin a rage yawan gudu a ƙungiyar farko. <ref name="MC06" /> === Stevenage Borough === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar Conference Premier [[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] kan kuɗi mai yawa a ranar 26 ga Janairu 2007, ya sake haɗuwa da tsohon kocin Grays Stimson. <ref name="Southend winger set for Stevenage" /> Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Gravesend &amp;amp; Northfleet kwana biyu bayan haka, kuma ya buga wasanni 23 a wannan kakar, inda ya zira kwallaye uku. <ref name="MC06" /> Wasansa na farko ya zo ne a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 4-4 da [[Forest Green Rovers FC|Forest Green Rovers]] a The New Lawn a ranar 9 ga Afrilu 2007. <ref name="MC06" /> A wata mai zuwa, Cole ya zira kwallon farko ta Stevenage a wasan da suka yi nasara da [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] 3-2 a wasan ƙarshe na Kofin FA a [[filin wasa na Wembley]], yayin da ƙungiyar ta fito daga raga biyu ta zama ƙungiya ta farko da ta lashe wasan ƙarshe a sabon filin wasa a gaban 'yan kallo 53,262. A farkon kakar wasa ta 2007-08, Cole ya samu rauni a gwiwa a wasan da suka yi da Histon, wanda hakan ya sa ba zai buga wasa ba na tsawon makonni shida. Ya buga wasanni 27 a wannan kakar wasa, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu. <ref name="MC07" /> A ƙarƙashin sabon kocin Graham Westley, Cole ya zira kwallaye 14 a kakar wasa ta 2008-09, ciki har da hat-trick na farko da ya ci a wasan da suka doke Salisbury City da ci 4-2 a filin wasa na Raymond McEnhill a ranar 24 ga Janairun 2009. Ya buga wasanni 50 a dukkan gasa yayin da Stevenage ya lashe Kofin FA a wannan kakar, wanda hakan ya nuna nasarar Cole ta uku a gasar. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> Ya sanya hannu kan sabuwar kwantiragi ta shekaru biyu a ranar 22 ga Afrilu 2009. A kakar wasa ta 2009-10, Cole ya zira kwallonsa ta farko a kakar wasa ta bana a wasan da suka doke [[Kidderminster Harriers F.C.|Kidderminster Harriers]] da ci 2-0 a ranar 5 ga Disamba 2009. An tura shi a matsayin dan [[Mai buga baya|wasan baya na hagu]] na ɗan lokaci a watan Janairun 2010, kuma ya zira kwallaye uku a wasa na biyu a wata mai zuwa, inda ya zira kwallaye uku a cikin mintuna bakwai a matsayin wanda ya maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka doke Eastbourne Borough da ci 6-0 a Priory Lane a ranar 2 ga Maris 2010. Ya buga wasanni 41 kuma ya zira kwallaye hudu yayin da Stevenage ya lashe gasar Conference Premier, wanda hakan ya sa ya samu matsayi zuwa gasar ƙwallon ƙafa a karon farko a tarihin ƙungiyar. <ref name="MC09" /> Ya bar ƙungiyar a watan Yunin 2010, bayan ya buga wasanni 144 kuma ya zura kwallaye 23 a cikin shekaru uku da rabi. <ref name="Mitchell Cole – Midfield – Player Profile" /> === Oxford United === Cole ya koma ƙungiyar [[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] da aka ƙara wa matsayi a gasar League Two a kan kwantiragin shekaru biyu a ranar 14 ga Yuni 2010. Ya fara buga wasa a matsayin wanda aka maye gurbinsa a minti na 81 a wasan da [[Bury F.C.|Bury]] ta sha kashi a gida da ci 2-1 a ranar 14 ga Agusta 2010, kuma farkon fara wasansa ya zo ne bayan kwana goma a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun tsohuwar ƙungiyar West Ham United da ci 1-0 a gasar League Cup . <ref name="MC10" /> Cole ya buga wasanni shida a dukkan gasannin, inda wasansa na ƙarshe na ƙwararru ya zo ne a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Macclesfield Town da ci 3-2 a Moss Rose a ranar 16 ga Oktoba 2010. <ref name="MC10" /> === Ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru === A watan Fabrairun 2011, an tilasta wa Cole yin ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa ta ƙwararru bisa shawarar likita bayan da yanayin zuciyarsa ya tsananta. Ya fara fuskantar ƙarancin numfashi a lokacin atisaye da wasanni a ƙarshen 2010, kuma wani likitan zuciya ya ba da shawarar cewa ci gaba da yin wasa cikin gasa yana da babban haɗari ga lafiyarsa. <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> Da yake tunani game da ritayarsa, Cole ya ce: "Kamar dai an buge ni da tarin bulo ne domin ƙwallon ƙafa ita ce kawai abin da na taɓa sani. Na sami nasarar samun shekaru takwas daga wasan ƙwararru wanda nake matuƙar farin ciki da shi." <ref name="Football is all I've known – Ex-Oxford winger Cole" /> === Komawa ga ƙwallon ƙafa ta rabin ƙwararru === Kafin kakar wasa ta 2011-12, Cole ya buga wasanni da dama na sada zumunci na kafin kakar wasa ga ƙungiyar Stotfold ta ƙungiyar Spartan South Midlands League, kuma ya buga wasan farko na kakar wasa, inda ya doke Oxhey Jets da ci 2-0 a gida a Roker Park a ranar 13 ga Agusta 2011. Bayan kwana biyu, ya koma ƙungiyar Southern League Premier Division Hitchin Town bisa yarjejeniyar da ba ta da kwangila, ya fara bugawa ƙungiyar wasa a ranar a wasan da suka doke Hemel Hempstead Town da ci 3-0 a gida. Kamar yadda Cole ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar ba tare da kwangila ba, ya kasance a shirye ya buga wa Stotfold wasa a wasan da suka doke St. Margaretsbury da ci 2-1 a gida washegari. Cole ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Hitchin a wasan da suka doke Bedford Town da ci 3-1 a wasan da suka buga a waje a ranar 29 ga Agusta 2011, kuma ya bar kulob din a watan Nuwamba 2011 bayan ya buga wasanni 15 da kuma kwallo daya. Daga nan Cole ya sanya hannu a kulob din Southern League Division One Central Biggleswade Town, inda ya fara buga wasa a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba 2011 a matsayin wanda zai maye gurbinsa a wasan da suka tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Slough Town a Langford Road. Ya zura kwallo daya a wasanni shida kafin ya koma Arlesey Town a ranar 7 ga Janairu 2012, inda ya zura kwallaye biyu a wasanni 11. Cole ya daina buga wasa a gasar a watan Maris na 2012 bayan ya ga bugun zuciya na Fabrice Muamba, inda ya sanar da daraktan kwallon kafa na Arlesey Gary King cewa ba zai sake buga wasa ba. Daga baya Cole ya buga wa kulob din Essex Senior League Basildon United a wasan da suka yi rashin nasara 1-0 a hannun Barkingside a filin wasa na Cricklefield a ranar 22 ga Satumba 2012. == Aikin ƙasa da ƙasa == Cole ya wakilci Ingila a matakin 'yan makaranta . An kira shi zuwa ƙungiyar Ingila C, wacce ke wakiltar Ingila a matakin da ba na League ba, a watan Fabrairun 2005 a wasan sada zumunci da Netherlands. Ya zira kwallo ɗaya tilo a wasan da suka doke Finland C da ci 1-0 a watan Yunin 2007, sannan ya ci wa waɗanda suka yi nasara a wasan da suka yi da Wales XI da Gibraltar a 2008. Daga baya an zaɓi Cole don rangadin Ingila C na [[Karibiyan|Caribbean]] a watan Yunin 2008, yana wasa a wasanni biyu da Grenada da Barbados . Da kwallaye bakwai a wasanni 14, Cole shine na biyu mafi yawan zura kwallaye a tarihin ƙungiyar ƙasa da ba ta League ba. == Salon wasan == An tura Cole a matsayin [[Mai buga tsakiya|ɗan wasan gefe na hagu]] kuma an san shi da saurinsa, iya ɗaukar 'yan wasa, da kuma ƙarfin ƙafar hagu. Manajan C na Ingila Paul Fairclough ya kwatanta salon wasansa da na Ryan Giggs, <ref name="Cole can be new Giggs – Fairclough" /> yayin da manaja Mark Stimson ya bayyana cewa yana da ikon yin wasa a matakin mafi girma, yana nuna yanayin matsayinsa da ikon doke abokan hamayyarsa. <ref name="Keen Cole makes up for lost time" /> Surukinsa, Joe Cole, daga baya ya lura cewa, duk da cewa yanayin zuciyarsa ya takaita, ya kasance mai hazaka ta fasaha, mai sauri, da kuma hazaka sosai. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Mutuwa == Cole ya mutu a ranar 30 ga Nuwamba, 2012, yana da shekaru 27, a Finsbury Leisure Centre da ke Islington, Landan, yayin da yake buga ƙwallon ƙafa tare da iyali da abokai. Mutuwarsa tana da alaƙa da yanayin zuciyarsa da ya riga ya kasance. <ref name="Mitchell Cole, ex-Oxford and Southend footballer, dies at 27" /> === Jagorori === An yi ta yi wa Cole gaisuwa sosai bayan rasuwarsa. Ƙungiyoyi da magoya baya sun yi ta'aziyya da ɗan lokaci na shiru, an ɗaure baƙaƙen hannu, an kuma yi masa tafi daidai da lambar ƙungiyarsa, yayin da tsoffin abokan wasansa, ciki har da Jack Midson da [[Steve Morison]], suka sadaukar da kwallaye a gare shi. An kuma yi masa ta'aziyya a lokacin bikin BBC Sports Heritage of the Year na 2012. An gudanar da wasan fa'ida, mai taken 'Match for Mitch', a ranar 7 ga Mayu 2013 a Broadhall Way tsakanin Mitchell Cole XI da Stevenage XI, inda aka samu kudin shiga ga iyalinsa da kuma Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy. 'Yan kallo 2,306 ne suka halarci wasan. Mahalarta wasan sun haɗa da surukinsa Joe Cole, [[Andy Carroll]], James Collins, Gary Hooper, Matt Jarvis, da Kevin Nolan, <ref name="Mitchell Cole remembered" /> tare da tsoffin abokan wasansa daga ƙungiyoyinsa na baya. <ref name="Hammers pay tribute to Mitchell Cole" /> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Cole yana da 'ya'ya uku tare da matarsa, Charly, wacce 'yar'uwar ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne kuma ɗan wasan Ingila Joe Cole. An haifi 'yarsu ta uku, Leni, a ranar 7 ga Disamba 2012, mako guda bayan mutuwar Cole. Bayan ya yi ritaya daga ƙwallon ƙafa a watan Fabrairu 2011, ya yi aiki a matsayin jakada na Ƙungiyar Cardiomyopathy, yana wayar da kan jama'a game da yanayin a Burtaniya da Amurka. Ƙanensa, Ben, ya taimaka wajen kafa Gasar Tunawa da Mitchell Cole don girmama shi, yana tara kuɗi don ƙungiyar agaji ta Cardiomyopathy UK. == Ƙididdigar aiki == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Grays Athletic |2004–05 |Conference South |35 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |12{{Efn|Eight appearances and one goal in [[FA Trophy]]; three appearances and two goals in [[Conference League Cup]]; one appearance and one goal in [[Essex Senior Cup]]}} |4 |47 |9 |- | rowspan="3" |Southend United |2005–06 |League One |29 |1 |2 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |32 |1 |- |2006–07 |Championship |4 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |5 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !33 !1 !2 !0 !2 !0 !0 !0 !37 !1 |- |Northampton Town |2006–07<ref name="MC06" /> |League One |8 |1 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Football League Trophy]]}} |0 |9 |1 |- | rowspan="5" |[[Stevenage FC|Stevenage Borough]] |2006–07<ref name="MC06" /><ref name="Boroguide – 2006–07">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2006–7: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0607/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915131436/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/season.php?ID=0607 |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference National |19 |2 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6{{Efn|Appearance(s) in FA Trophy}} |1 |25 |3 |- |2007–08<ref name="Boroguide – 2007–08">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2007–8: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0708/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102526/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0708/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |26 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |27 |2 |- |2008–09<ref name="Boroguide – 2008–09">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2008–9: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0809/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716101819/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0809/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |42 |12 |3 |1 | colspan="2" |— |6[c] |1 |50 |14 |- |2009–10<ref name="Boroguide – 2009–10">{{Cite web |title=Stevenage Borough 2009–10: Results, rollcall and league table |url=https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0910/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716102044/https://www.boroguide.co.uk/seasons/0910/ |archive-date=16 July 2019 |access-date=13 July 2016 |website=BoroGuide}}</ref> |Conference Premier |32 |4 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |6[c] |0 |41 |4 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !119 !20 !7 !1 !0 !0 !18 !2 !144 !23 |- |[[Oxford United FC|Oxford United]] |2010–11 |League Two |4 |0 |0 |0 |1 |0 |1[b] |0 |6 |0 |- |Stotfold |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SSMFL Premier Division |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |2 |0 |- |Hitchin Town |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SFL Premier Division |11 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |3{{Efn|Two appearances in FA Trophy; one appearance and one goal in [[Southern Football League Cup (England)|Southern League Cup]]}} |1 |15 |2 |- |Biggleswade Town |2011–12 |SFL Division One Central |6 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |6 |1 |- |Arlesey Town |2011–12<ref name="Mitchell Cole – Aylesbury United" /> |SFL Premier Division |10 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1{{Efn|Appearance in [[Bedfordshire Senior Cup]]}} |1 |11 |2 |- |Basildon United |2012–13 |Essex Senior League |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !229 !30 !10 !1 !3 !0 !36 !8 !278 !38 |} {{Notelist}} == Daraja == '''Grays Athletic''' * Taron Kudu : 2004–05 * Kofin FA : 2004–05 '''Southend United''' * League One : 2005–06 '''Stevenage Borough''' * Babban Taron : 2009–10 * Kofin FA : 2006–07, 2008–09 ; wanda ya zo na biyu: 2009–10 == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == [[Rukuni:Matattun 2012]] [[Rukuni:Haihuwan 1985]] == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} iirgxs2pfzx0hjqyvkeqzisrpqwqgdw 0 161928 885179 2026-07-20T11:01:25Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339569852|UTC Derby Pride Park]]" 885179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UTC Derby Pride Park''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Derby Manufacturing UTC''' ) kwalejin fasaha ce ta jami'o'i masu haɗin gwiwa 13-19 a Pride Park, Derby, Derbyshire, Ingila. An kafa ta a watan Satumba na 2015 kuma tana cikin Sheffield UTC Academy Trust. Tana da ƙwarewa a fannin [[Injinia.|injiniyanci]] da kimiyyar rayuwa . == Tarihi == An kafa Derby Manufacturing UTC a watan Satumba na 2015 a matsayin kwalejin fasaha ta gauraye ta jami'o'i 14-19, tare da ƙwarewa a fannin [[Injinia.|injiniyanci]] da [[Masana'anta|masana'antu]] . Tare da goyon bayan Majalisar Birnin Derby, haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Kwalejin Derby, Jami'ar Derby, Rolls-Royce, Bombardier da [[Toyota]] . <ref name="toyota">{{Cite web |title=Derby UTC and The JCB Academy |url=https://www.toyotauk.com/education/derby-utc-jcb-academy.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=www.toyotauk.com}}</ref> An ƙididdige ta 'bai isa ba' kuma an sanya ta cikin matakai na musamman bayan binciken da Ofsted ya yi a 2017, kuma duk da ziyarar sa ido sau biyu tun daga lokacin, kwalejin ta kasa inganta ƙimarta. A watan Disamba na 2019, an sake mata suna zuwa UTC Derby Pride Park kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na Sheffield UTC Academy Trust, tare da ƙwarewa a fannin injiniyanci. Kwalejin ta ci gaba da kasancewa abokan hulɗarta na asali, kuma ta canza shekarun shiga zuwa 13 kuma ta ƙara ƙwarewa ta biyu a fannin kimiyyar rayuwa a watan Satumba na 2020. A watan Disamba na 2023, Ofsted ya duba UTC Derby Pride Park, inda ya ba ta maki mai kyau gaba ɗaya, tare da ƙwarewa a halaye da halaye. == Manazarta == a0aw135f8matxicvqrk93d6zq7kc7k1 885180 885179 2026-07-20T11:01:52Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''UTC Derby Pride Park''' (wanda a da ake kira '''Derby Manufacturing UTC''' ) kwalejin fasaha ce ta jami'o'i masu haɗin gwiwa 13-19 a Pride Park, Derby, Derbyshire, Ingila. An kafa ta a watan Satumba na 2015 kuma tana cikin Sheffield UTC Academy Trust. Tana da ƙwarewa a fannin [[Injinia.|injiniyanci]] da kimiyyar rayuwa . == Tarihi == An kafa Derby Manufacturing UTC a watan Satumba na 2015 a matsayin kwalejin fasaha ta gauraye ta jami'o'i 14-19, tare da ƙwarewa a fannin [[Injinia.|injiniyanci]] da [[Masana'anta|masana'antu]] . Tare da goyon bayan Majalisar Birnin Derby, haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin Kwalejin Derby, Jami'ar Derby, Rolls-Royce, Bombardier da [[Toyota]] . <ref name="toyota">{{Cite web |title=Derby UTC and The JCB Academy |url=https://www.toyotauk.com/education/derby-utc-jcb-academy.html |access-date=13 May 2021 |website=www.toyotauk.com}}</ref> An ƙididdige ta 'bai isa ba' kuma an sanya ta cikin matakai na musamman bayan binciken da Ofsted ya yi a 2017, kuma duk da ziyarar sa ido sau biyu tun daga lokacin, kwalejin ta kasa inganta ƙimarta. A watan Disamba na 2019, an sake mata suna zuwa UTC Derby Pride Park kuma ta zama wani ɓangare na Sheffield UTC Academy Trust, tare da ƙwarewa a fannin injiniyanci. Kwalejin ta ci gaba da kasancewa abokan hulɗarta na asali, kuma ta canza shekarun shiga zuwa 13 kuma ta ƙara ƙwarewa ta biyu a fannin kimiyyar rayuwa a watan Satumba na 2020. A watan Disamba na 2023, Ofsted ya duba UTC Derby Pride Park, inda ya ba ta maki mai kyau gaba ɗaya, tare da ƙwarewa a halaye da halaye. == Manazarta == djtm6w5yb6d9orfi0vs6r2b83fl7eiv 0 161929 885181 2026-07-20T11:02:42Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339795358|UTC Portsmouth]]" 885181 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jami'ar Portsmouth''', kwalejin fasaha ce ta jami'a wadda aka buɗe a watan Satumbar 2017 a [[Portsmouth]], Ingila. UTC Portsmouth ta ƙware wajen koyar da darussan STEM tare da mai da hankali kan fannoni na Injiniyan Inji da Lantarki. Masu tallafawa UTC sun haɗa da Royal Navy, BAE Systems, QinetiQ, Jami'ar Portsmouth da Majalisar Birnin Portsmouth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=UTC Portsmouth |url=https://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/ext/learning-and-schools/learning/utc-portsmouth.aspx |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=Portsmouth City Council}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}</ref> Ginin UTC, wanda ke filin Makarantar Trafalgar, BAM Construction <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Leary |first=Miles |date=21 January 2016 |title=Contractor appointed to design and build Portsmouth University Technical College |url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/business/contractor-appointed-to-design-and-build-portsmouth-university-technical-college-1-7172329 |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=The News, Portsmouth}}</ref> ne ya gina shi tsawon watanni goma sha biyu kuma an kammala shi a watan Agusta na 2017. Ƙungiyar masu ba da shawara kan zane sune: * Mai Zane – Stride Treglown * Injiniyan Gine-gine da Gine-gine - Ridge da Abokan Hulɗa * Injiniyoyin Inji da Lantarki - Hydrock * Mai Zane-zanen Yanayi - Stride Treglown == Manazarta == 2i1yvhv1lltkx21feedmbsi7sov25zs 885183 885181 2026-07-20T11:03:07Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jami'ar Portsmouth''', kwalejin fasaha ce ta jami'a wadda aka buɗe a watan Satumbar 2017 a [[Portsmouth]], Ingila. UTC Portsmouth ta ƙware wajen koyar da darussan STEM tare da mai da hankali kan fannoni na Injiniyan Inji da Lantarki. Masu tallafawa UTC sun haɗa da Royal Navy, BAE Systems, QinetiQ, Jami'ar Portsmouth da Majalisar Birnin Portsmouth . <ref>{{Cite web |title=UTC Portsmouth |url=https://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/ext/learning-and-schools/learning/utc-portsmouth.aspx |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=Portsmouth City Council}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026}}</ref> Ginin UTC, wanda ke filin Makarantar Trafalgar, BAM Construction <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Leary |first=Miles |date=21 January 2016 |title=Contractor appointed to design and build Portsmouth University Technical College |url=http://www.portsmouth.co.uk/business/contractor-appointed-to-design-and-build-portsmouth-university-technical-college-1-7172329 |access-date=11 September 2017 |website=The News, Portsmouth}}</ref> ne ya gina shi tsawon watanni goma sha biyu kuma an kammala shi a watan Agusta na 2017. Ƙungiyar masu ba da shawara kan zane sune: * Mai Zane – Stride Treglown * Injiniyan Gine-gine da Gine-gine - Ridge da Abokan Hulɗa * Injiniyoyin Inji da Lantarki - Hydrock * Mai Zane-zanen Yanayi - Stride Treglown == Manazarta == g8kedeo9ke8l0cagdel3hoil94qazon 0 161930 885184 2026-07-20T11:04:10Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359794536|Anne Anne Kindergarten stabbing]]" 885184 wikitext text/x-wiki An '''yi wa Anne Anne Kindergarten daba da wuka''' a Kowloon, Hong Kong a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1982. Bayan ya kashe mahaifiyarsa da 'yar'uwarsa a gidansu da ke Un Chau Street Estate, sannan ya raunata wasu mata biyu, Lee Chi-hang mai shekaru 28 (李志衡; ) ya shiga Anne Anne Kindergarten ya daba wa yara 34 wuka, inda ya kashe hudu daga cikinsu, sannan ya raunata wasu mutane da dama, kafin 'yan sanda su kama shi. An gano cewa Lee mahaukaci ne kuma an saka shi a asibitin masu tabin hankali. == Lamarin da ya faru == Da misalin ƙarfe 1:30&nbsp;a lokacin da rana ta yi, Lee ya daba wa mahaifiyarsa da 'yar'uwarsa wuka a ɗakinsu mai lamba 5274, Block 8, Un Chau Street Estate . Daga baya suka mutu a asibiti. Lee ya yi gudu ƙasa da gudu, yana soka wa 'yan'uwa mata biyu wuka a kan matakala a kan hanya, sannan ya gudu zuwa makarantar yara ta Anne Anne ({{Lang-zh|安安幼稚園}}), wadda ke ƙasa a Block 9, Un Chau Estate. Ya shiga makarantar yara, inda yara 60 'yan shekara uku zuwa huɗu ke koyon waƙa, nan da nan ya fara yanka yaran da wuka, inda ya bar 34 daga cikinsu suka ji rauni, shida daga cikinsu sun kusa yanke hannayensu, sannan huɗu kuma suka ji munanan raunuka. Ɗaya daga cikin malaman ta yi ihu "ku biyo ni" ga ɗaliban, wanda hakan ya sa mutane da yawa suka gudu waje. Ta gudu zuwa sashin 'yan sanda na unguwar da ke ƙasan Block 10 don neman taimako. Jami'an 'yan sanda biyu sun isa wurin. Lee ya gudu zuwa filin wasa, inda ya daba wa ɗan sanda Chan Kin Ming wuka a ƙirji. Bayan ya yi watsi da umarnin ɗan sandan da ya ji rauni na ajiye makamansa, Lee ya ci gaba da daba wa masu wucewa wuka, ya raunata maza biyu da mace ɗaya, sannan ya raunata wani yaro ɗan shekara 14 kafin Chan ya dakatar da shi da harbi a hannun hagu da ciki. An kai jimillar yara 38 da suka ji rauni zuwa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Caritas yayin da aka kai jami'in 'yan sanda da ya ji rauni zuwa Asibitin Princess Margaret . Babban Sakatare Philip Haddon-Cave da sauran jami'an gwamnati, wadanda suka ziyarci kasuwar kifi ta Cheung Sha Wan da ke kusa, sun isa jim kadan bayan haka don duba wurin da lamarin ya faru da kuma yi musu ta'aziyya. <ref name="horror" /> == Wadanda abin ya shafa == === An kashe === * Leung Lai-kuen (梁麗娟; ), mace, 48, mahaifiyar Lee * Lee Shiu-kam (李少芹; ), mace, 17, 'yar'uwar Lee * Fung Kin-kwok (馮建國; ), mace, 3 * Tai Kai-lam (戴啟南; ), mace, 3 * Lo Wing-sze (盧詠詩; ), namiji, 4 * Kwan Pui-yen (關沛恩; ), mace, 5 === Mai rauni === * Mata biyu (Kwong Sin Ngan 鄺新恩 da Kwong Sin Chun 鄺新哲) * Yara 30 da ba a san sunayensu ba, masu shekaru 3 da 4 * Constable Chan Kin-ming (陳建明; ) * Mutane biyu da ba a san sunayensu ba * Chau Fung-kiet (周峰傑; ) * Yaro mara suna, 14 == Mai laifi == Lee, wanda aka gano yana da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]], ɗan Lee Chiu-wing (李士榮) da Leung Lai-kuen ne. A cewar mahaifinsa, yaro ne mai shiru wanda ba shi da kyau a makaranta, yana nuna ɗabi'u masu ban mamaki, kuma yana magana ba tare da wata ma'ana ba. A shekarar 1976, an kwantar da shi a Asibitin Castle Peak, wani asibitin masu tabin hankali, na tsawon watanni shida, bayan ya yi faɗa da wani maƙwabci. Daga baya ya sami magani a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Yaumatei. Lee ya sha fama da baƙin ciki kuma ya yi barazanar kashe iyayensa a lokacin wata muhawara a watan Janairun 1979. A lokacin kafin a daba masa wuka, ba shi da aikin yi kuma an ce ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a cikin motsin rai. == Bayan haka == Bayan an daba wa yaron wuka, an inganta matakan tsaro a makarantun renon yara, kuma an tilasta wa marasa lafiya da aka kora daga cibiyoyin kula da masu tabin hankali su riƙa zuwa asibitocin da ke kula da masu tabin hankali akai-akai. An tuhumi Lee da laifuka shida na kisan kai, kuma a watan Afrilun 1983 aka yanke masa hukuncin tsarewa a wani asibitin masu tabin hankali na tsawon wani lokaci da ba a fayyace ba. Har zuwa watan Janairun 1998 har yanzu yana tsare a Cibiyar Kula da Masu tabin hankali ta Siu Lam da ke Tuen Mun . == A cikin al'adun jama'a == Fim ɗin 1986 mai ''suna The Lunatics'' na Derek Yee ya dogara ne akan lamarin. == Manazarta == 91sqft04ieojivffb3je69by8nr5kwd 885185 885184 2026-07-20T11:04:35Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An '''yi wa Anne Anne Kindergarten daba da wuka''' a Kowloon, Hong Kong a ranar 3 ga Yuni, 1982. Bayan ya kashe mahaifiyarsa da 'yar'uwarsa a gidansu da ke Un Chau Street Estate, sannan ya raunata wasu mata biyu, Lee Chi-hang mai shekaru 28 (李志衡; ) ya shiga Anne Anne Kindergarten ya daba wa yara 34 wuka, inda ya kashe hudu daga cikinsu, sannan ya raunata wasu mutane da dama, kafin 'yan sanda su kama shi. An gano cewa Lee mahaukaci ne kuma an saka shi a asibitin masu tabin hankali. == Lamarin da ya faru == Da misalin ƙarfe 1:30&nbsp;a lokacin da rana ta yi, Lee ya daba wa mahaifiyarsa da 'yar'uwarsa wuka a ɗakinsu mai lamba 5274, Block 8, Un Chau Street Estate . Daga baya suka mutu a asibiti. Lee ya yi gudu ƙasa da gudu, yana soka wa 'yan'uwa mata biyu wuka a kan matakala a kan hanya, sannan ya gudu zuwa makarantar yara ta Anne Anne ({{Lang-zh|安安幼稚園}}), wadda ke ƙasa a Block 9, Un Chau Estate. Ya shiga makarantar yara, inda yara 60 'yan shekara uku zuwa huɗu ke koyon waƙa, nan da nan ya fara yanka yaran da wuka, inda ya bar 34 daga cikinsu suka ji rauni, shida daga cikinsu sun kusa yanke hannayensu, sannan huɗu kuma suka ji munanan raunuka. Ɗaya daga cikin malaman ta yi ihu "ku biyo ni" ga ɗaliban, wanda hakan ya sa mutane da yawa suka gudu waje. Ta gudu zuwa sashin 'yan sanda na unguwar da ke ƙasan Block 10 don neman taimako. Jami'an 'yan sanda biyu sun isa wurin. Lee ya gudu zuwa filin wasa, inda ya daba wa ɗan sanda Chan Kin Ming wuka a ƙirji. Bayan ya yi watsi da umarnin ɗan sandan da ya ji rauni na ajiye makamansa, Lee ya ci gaba da daba wa masu wucewa wuka, ya raunata maza biyu da mace ɗaya, sannan ya raunata wani yaro ɗan shekara 14 kafin Chan ya dakatar da shi da harbi a hannun hagu da ciki. An kai jimillar yara 38 da suka ji rauni zuwa Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Caritas yayin da aka kai jami'in 'yan sanda da ya ji rauni zuwa Asibitin Princess Margaret . Babban Sakatare Philip Haddon-Cave da sauran jami'an gwamnati, wadanda suka ziyarci kasuwar kifi ta Cheung Sha Wan da ke kusa, sun isa jim kadan bayan haka don duba wurin da lamarin ya faru da kuma yi musu ta'aziyya. <ref name="horror" /> == Wadanda abin ya shafa == === An kashe === * Leung Lai-kuen (梁麗娟; ), mace, 48, mahaifiyar Lee * Lee Shiu-kam (李少芹; ), mace, 17, 'yar'uwar Lee * Fung Kin-kwok (馮建國; ), mace, 3 * Tai Kai-lam (戴啟南; ), mace, 3 * Lo Wing-sze (盧詠詩; ), namiji, 4 * Kwan Pui-yen (關沛恩; ), mace, 5 === Mai rauni === * Mata biyu (Kwong Sin Ngan 鄺新恩 da Kwong Sin Chun 鄺新哲) * Yara 30 da ba a san sunayensu ba, masu shekaru 3 da 4 * Constable Chan Kin-ming (陳建明; ) * Mutane biyu da ba a san sunayensu ba * Chau Fung-kiet (周峰傑; ) * Yaro mara suna, 14 == Mai laifi == Lee, wanda aka gano yana da [[Hauka|cutar schizophrenia]], ɗan Lee Chiu-wing (李士榮) da Leung Lai-kuen ne. A cewar mahaifinsa, yaro ne mai shiru wanda ba shi da kyau a makaranta, yana nuna ɗabi'u masu ban mamaki, kuma yana magana ba tare da wata ma'ana ba. A shekarar 1976, an kwantar da shi a Asibitin Castle Peak, wani asibitin masu tabin hankali, na tsawon watanni shida, bayan ya yi faɗa da wani maƙwabci. Daga baya ya sami magani a Cibiyar Kula da Masu Ciwon Hauka ta Yaumatei. Lee ya sha fama da baƙin ciki kuma ya yi barazanar kashe iyayensa a lokacin wata muhawara a watan Janairun 1979. A lokacin kafin a daba masa wuka, ba shi da aikin yi kuma an ce ya bayyana a matsayin wanda ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a cikin motsin rai. == Bayan haka == Bayan an daba wa yaron wuka, an inganta matakan tsaro a makarantun renon yara, kuma an tilasta wa marasa lafiya da aka kora daga cibiyoyin kula da masu tabin hankali su riƙa zuwa asibitocin da ke kula da masu tabin hankali akai-akai. An tuhumi Lee da laifuka shida na kisan kai, kuma a watan Afrilun 1983 aka yanke masa hukuncin tsarewa a wani asibitin masu tabin hankali na tsawon wani lokaci da ba a fayyace ba. Har zuwa watan Janairun 1998 har yanzu yana tsare a Cibiyar Kula da Masu tabin hankali ta Siu Lam da ke Tuen Mun . == A cikin al'adun jama'a == Fim ɗin 1986 mai ''suna The Lunatics'' na Derek Yee ya dogara ne akan lamarin. == Manazarta == a6pocl2e56awssvseumfqd9jp43bu4i 0 161931 885187 2026-07-20T11:05:37Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355746021|University Collegiate School]]" 885187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a''' wata makaranta ce ta gauraya a tsakiyar [[Bolton]], Ingila, wacce yanzu ake kira da makaranta kyauta . An buɗe ta a shekarar 2015 a wani sabon wuri a harabar Jami'ar Bolton a matsayin '''Bolton UTC''', kwalejin fasaha ta jami'a ga ɗalibai masu shekaru 14-19; <ref name="edubase-1">{{Cite web |title=URN 141941 University Collegiate School |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/141941 |access-date=26 March 2024 |publisher=Department for Education |language=en-gb}}</ref> a watan Satumba na 2020 aka sake mata suna kuma ta fara karɓar ɗalibai tun suna ɗan shekara 11. == Bayani == A watan Satumba na 2020, makarantar ta zama memba na [[The Keys Federation Academy Trust]] kuma ta sake buɗewa a matsayin makaranta kyauta, Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a, don mayar da martani ga buƙatar guraben makarantun sakandare a Bolton. <ref name="place">{{Cite web |last=Chaudhari |first=Saiqa |date=28 February 2020 |title=Why your child could receive a place at this school on Monday |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18266462.university-collegiate-school-bolton-get-new-high-school/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> A wancan lokacin Shugabar makarantar, Nicola Glynn, ta bayyana ta a matsayin "makaranta da kwaleji". <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCS - Principal's Welcome |url=https://www.thekeysfederation.org.uk/ucs/principals-welcome |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=The Keys Federation Academy Trust}}</ref> Bayan duba Ofsted a watan Satumba na 2024, an ba Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a 'Mai Kyau' a duk fannoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Inspection of University Collegiate School |url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/141941 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> A lokacin shekarar karatu ta 21/22, ma'aikata da dama sun tafi, ciki har da Shugabar Makarantar, Nicola Glynn. A watan Disamba na 2022, Ofsted ya duba makarantar kuma an yanke mata hukunci cewa ba ta da 'isa' a kowane fanni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Inspection of University Collegiate School |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50208104 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> An nada Dave Terry a matsayin Shugaban Makarantar na wucin gadi a watan Fabrairu na 2023. <ref name="Terry">{{Cite web |last=Harrigan |first=Joe |date=7 February 2023 |title=Bolton UCS: Damning Ofsted report says pupils feel 'unsafe' |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/23302327.bolton-ucs-damning-ofsted-report-says-pupils-feel-unsafe/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> == UTC wanda ya gabace shi == An buɗe Bolton UTC a hukumance a watan Nuwamba na 2015 ta hannun Yarima Edward, Earl na Wessex . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal visit 2015: Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, to visit Bolton School and University Technical College at the University of Bolton |url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/14036352.Royal_visit_2015__Prince_Edward_in_Bolton/ |access-date=19 February 2016}}</ref> <ref name="location">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2015 |title=University Technical College (UTC) Bolton to open this September |url=http://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/education/12948357.University_Technical_College__UTC__Bolton_to_open_this_September/ |access-date=18 Feb 2016 |publisher=asianimage.co.uk}}</ref> Ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lafiya da fasaha, kuma yana da £10.{{Spaces}}wurare miliyan sun haɗa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ido, likitan hakora, shawarwari kan magunguna, kwaikwayon likitanci, na'urorin robot da na lantarki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://utcbolton.org/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807114537/https://utcbolton.org/about/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |website=UTC Bolton}}</ref> Hukumar UTC ta yi amfani da tsarin koyarwa mai tushen aiki . Ta ba da babban manhajar GCSE ga ɗalibanta 'yan shekara 14-16 waɗanda suka haɗa da Harshen Turanci, [[Lissafi]], Adabin Turanci, [[Biology|Ilimin]] Halittu, [[Kimiyya|Sinadarai]], Fizik, [[Labarin kasa|Labarin Ƙasa]], [[Tarihi]], [[Jamusanci|Sifaniyanci]], [[Yaren Sifen|Faransanci]], [[Faransanci|Jamusanci]], Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam]], Kimiyyar Wasanni da Kula da Lafiya da Jin Daɗi . A matakin A, an ba wa ɗalibai zaɓi na hanyoyi daban-daban: injiniyanci ko kimiyyar lafiya da ta mayar da hankali kan su. A matakin A, za su iya karatun Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Lissafi na Ƙarshe, Adabin Turanci, Ilimin Halittu, Sinadarai, Fizik, Geography, Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Aiki ta BTEC Mataki na 3 da Kula da Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta BTEC Mataki na 3. Hukumar UTC ta shigar da 'matakai na musamman' bayan an ƙiyasta ta 'ƙasa' a dukkan fannoni a lokacin binciken farko na Ofsted a 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burke |first=Jude |date=2017-04-05 |title=Bolton UTC rated inadequate |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/utc-that-knocked-pupils-aspirations-put-in-special-measures/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=Schools Week}}</ref> Rahoton binciken ya ce an sami "ƙasassu sosai a matakin manyan shugabanni", gwamnoni ba su da tasiri, kuma alaƙa da masana'antar gida ba ta da ƙarfi. Ɗaliban sun ce ba su da damar amfani da "kayayyakin da suka fi fice". <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=School report: Bolton UTC |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/2677989 |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa ta bayar da "sanarwar ƙarshe don ingantawa" ga UTC, bayan wani bita ya gano rashin isassun iko kan kuɗi da kuma keta manufofi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2018 |title=Financial notice to improve: Bolton UTC |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684354/Financial_notice_to_improve_Bolton_UTC.pdf |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=GOV.UK |publisher=Education and Skills Funding Agency}}</ref> A cikakken bincike na gaba a shekarar 2019, an ƙididdige UTC a matsayin 'mai kyau' a dukkan fannoni; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhari |first=Saiqa |date=4 April 2019 |title=Flagship school turns around its fortunes to go from failing to good |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/17548390.bolton-utc-taken-special-measures-rated-good/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> a wancan lokacin an yi rijistar 159 duk da cewa yawansu ya kai 600. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=School report: Bolton UTC |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50068032 |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> == Manazarta == 5guj96wkr1bsmeveb2t33veztu2ur0n 885188 885187 2026-07-20T11:06:02Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a''' wata makaranta ce ta gauraya a tsakiyar [[Bolton]], Ingila, wacce yanzu ake kira da makaranta kyauta . An buɗe ta a shekarar 2015 a wani sabon wuri a harabar Jami'ar Bolton a matsayin '''Bolton UTC''', kwalejin fasaha ta jami'a ga ɗalibai masu shekaru 14-19; <ref name="edubase-1">{{Cite web |title=URN 141941 University Collegiate School |url=https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/141941 |access-date=26 March 2024 |publisher=Department for Education |language=en-gb}}</ref> a watan Satumba na 2020 aka sake mata suna kuma ta fara karɓar ɗalibai tun suna ɗan shekara 11. == Bayani == A watan Satumba na 2020, makarantar ta zama memba na [[The Keys Federation Academy Trust]] kuma ta sake buɗewa a matsayin makaranta kyauta, Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a, don mayar da martani ga buƙatar guraben makarantun sakandare a Bolton. <ref name="place">{{Cite web |last=Chaudhari |first=Saiqa |date=28 February 2020 |title=Why your child could receive a place at this school on Monday |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/18266462.university-collegiate-school-bolton-get-new-high-school/ |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> A wancan lokacin Shugabar makarantar, Nicola Glynn, ta bayyana ta a matsayin "makaranta da kwaleji". <ref>{{Cite web |title=UCS - Principal's Welcome |url=https://www.thekeysfederation.org.uk/ucs/principals-welcome |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=The Keys Federation Academy Trust}}</ref> Bayan duba Ofsted a watan Satumba na 2024, an ba Makarantar Kwalejin Jami'a 'Mai Kyau' a duk fannoni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 September 2024 |title=Inspection of University Collegiate School |url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/141941 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> A lokacin shekarar karatu ta 21/22, ma'aikata da dama sun tafi, ciki har da Shugabar Makarantar, Nicola Glynn. A watan Disamba na 2022, Ofsted ya duba makarantar kuma an yanke mata hukunci cewa ba ta da 'isa' a kowane fanni. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 December 2022 |title=Inspection of University Collegiate School |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50208104 |access-date=1 March 2023 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> An nada Dave Terry a matsayin Shugaban Makarantar na wucin gadi a watan Fabrairu na 2023. <ref name="Terry">{{Cite web |last=Harrigan |first=Joe |date=7 February 2023 |title=Bolton UCS: Damning Ofsted report says pupils feel 'unsafe' |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/23302327.bolton-ucs-damning-ofsted-report-says-pupils-feel-unsafe/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> == UTC wanda ya gabace shi == An buɗe Bolton UTC a hukumance a watan Nuwamba na 2015 ta hannun Yarima Edward, Earl na Wessex . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Royal visit 2015: Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, to visit Bolton School and University Technical College at the University of Bolton |url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/14036352.Royal_visit_2015__Prince_Edward_in_Bolton/ |access-date=19 February 2016}}</ref> <ref name="location">{{Cite web |date=13 May 2015 |title=University Technical College (UTC) Bolton to open this September |url=http://www.asianimage.co.uk/news/education/12948357.University_Technical_College__UTC__Bolton_to_open_this_September/ |access-date=18 Feb 2016 |publisher=asianimage.co.uk}}</ref> Ya ƙware a fannin kimiyyar lafiya da fasaha, kuma yana da £10.{{Spaces}}wurare miliyan sun haɗa da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na ido, likitan hakora, shawarwari kan magunguna, kwaikwayon likitanci, na'urorin robot da na lantarki. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://utcbolton.org/about/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807114537/https://utcbolton.org/about/ |archive-date=7 August 2020 |website=UTC Bolton}}</ref> Hukumar UTC ta yi amfani da tsarin koyarwa mai tushen aiki . Ta ba da babban manhajar GCSE ga ɗalibanta 'yan shekara 14-16 waɗanda suka haɗa da Harshen Turanci, [[Lissafi]], Adabin Turanci, [[Biology|Ilimin]] Halittu, [[Kimiyya|Sinadarai]], Fizik, [[Labarin kasa|Labarin Ƙasa]], [[Tarihi]], [[Jamusanci|Sifaniyanci]], [[Yaren Sifen|Faransanci]], [[Faransanci|Jamusanci]], Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, [[Ilimin halin dan Adam|Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam]], Kimiyyar Wasanni da Kula da Lafiya da Jin Daɗi . A matakin A, an ba wa ɗalibai zaɓi na hanyoyi daban-daban: injiniyanci ko kimiyyar lafiya da ta mayar da hankali kan su. A matakin A, za su iya karatun Harshen Turanci, Lissafi, Lissafi na Ƙarshe, Adabin Turanci, Ilimin Halittu, Sinadarai, Fizik, Geography, Ilimin Halayyar Dan Adam, Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Aiki ta BTEC Mataki na 3 da Kula da Lafiya da Jin Daɗi ta BTEC Mataki na 3. Hukumar UTC ta shigar da 'matakai na musamman' bayan an ƙiyasta ta 'ƙasa' a dukkan fannoni a lokacin binciken farko na Ofsted a 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burke |first=Jude |date=2017-04-05 |title=Bolton UTC rated inadequate |url=https://schoolsweek.co.uk/utc-that-knocked-pupils-aspirations-put-in-special-measures/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=Schools Week}}</ref> Rahoton binciken ya ce an sami "ƙasassu sosai a matakin manyan shugabanni", gwamnoni ba su da tasiri, kuma alaƙa da masana'antar gida ba ta da ƙarfi. Ɗaliban sun ce ba su da damar amfani da "kayayyakin da suka fi fice". <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=School report: Bolton UTC |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/2677989 |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> A shekarar 2018, Hukumar Ba da Tallafin Ilimi da Ƙwarewa ta bayar da "sanarwar ƙarshe don ingantawa" ga UTC, bayan wani bita ya gano rashin isassun iko kan kuɗi da kuma keta manufofi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 February 2018 |title=Financial notice to improve: Bolton UTC |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/684354/Financial_notice_to_improve_Bolton_UTC.pdf |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=GOV.UK |publisher=Education and Skills Funding Agency}}</ref> A cikakken bincike na gaba a shekarar 2019, an ƙididdige UTC a matsayin 'mai kyau' a dukkan fannoni; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaudhari |first=Saiqa |date=4 April 2019 |title=Flagship school turns around its fortunes to go from failing to good |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/17548390.bolton-utc-taken-special-measures-rated-good/ |access-date=2020-10-31 |website=The Bolton News |language=en}}</ref> a wancan lokacin an yi rijistar 159 duk da cewa yawansu ya kai 600. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2019 |title=School report: Bolton UTC |url=https://files.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50068032 |access-date=31 October 2020 |website=Ofsted}}</ref> == Manazarta == hq4ehqu29ydbi9ejjuth6wutyaibztj 0 161932 885189 2026-07-20T11:06:48Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1342141679|Mekelle kindergarten airstrike]]" 885189 wikitext text/x-wiki A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2022, wani hari da ake zargin rundunar tsaron kasa ta Habasha ta kai kan wata makarantar yara a babban birnin Tigray na Mekelle, wanda ya kashe mutane bakwai, ciki har da yara biyu. == Prelude == A shekarar 2020, bayan shekaru da dama na tashin hankali tsakanin gwamnatin dimokuradiyya ta Habasha, karkashin jagorancin [[Abiy Ahmed]], da kuma kungiyar 'Yantar da Jama'ar Tigray, jam'iyya mafi rinjaye a Yankin Tigray wadda a da ta jagoranci mulkin kama-karya a Habasha, rikici ya barke tsakanin TPLF da Habasha, wanda ya fara yakin Tigray. Wani hari na farko da gwamnatin Habasha ta kai ya kama Mekelle, babban birnin Tigray, kuma yakin ya koma tashin hankali mai rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niekerk |first=Phillip van |date=2023-02-21 |title=ANALYSIS – AFRICA, UNSCRAMBLED: Ethiopia’s Tigray war and the ‘big lie’ behind the century-defining 600,000 civilian deaths |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-02-22-ethiopias-tigray-war-and-the-big-lie-behind-the-century-defining-600000-civilian-deaths/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, wani hari na Tigray ya isa gefen babban birnin Habasha, amma daga karshe aka dage shi. An fara tsagaita wuta a watan Maris na 2022, amma zuwa watan Agusta, tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta fara wargajewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia: Tigray Rebels Lack 'Interest' in Peace Talks |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/6707322.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Kwanaki kadan kafin harin sama, fada ya sake barkewa, inda bangarorin biyu ke zargin juna da fara kai hari. == Harin Jiragen Sama == Bayan sake barkewar fada, sojojin Habasha sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a babban birnin Tigray na Mekelle a ranar 26 ga Agusta <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=UNICEF slams Ethiopia air strike that 'hit kindergarten' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220827-unicef-slams-ethiopia-air-strike-that-hit-kindergarten |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Jiragen saman sun kasance na farko a babban birnin tun watan Maris. <ref name=":0" /> A harin, an kai hari kan wata makarantar yara ta renon yara, tare da ginin fararen hula da ke kusa. A cewar ma'aikatan agaji da ke wurin, an kai harin a RES Kids Paradise da misalin karfe 12:40 na rana agogon yankin, wani makarantar yara ta renon yara ta yankin, kuma an ji karar hayaniya uku. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=UN condemns deadly air raid that ‘hit kindergarten’ in Tigray |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/27/un-condemns-tigray-airstrike-that-killed-children |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == Bayan haka == Da farko, yara huɗu sun mutu, biyu kuma suka ji rauni. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=UNICEF slams Ethiopia air strike that 'hit kindergarten' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220827-unicef-slams-ethiopia-air-strike-that-hit-kindergarten |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya kai bakwai, goma sha huɗu kuma suka ji rauni, ciki har da yara. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-31 |title=Confronting Ethiopia's Abusive Siege |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/08/31/confronting-ethiopias-abusive-siege |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> Bayan hare-haren sama da aka kai da kuma sake barkewar rikici, an dakatar da ayyukan agaji a yankin Tigray. <ref name=":3" /> Gwamnatin Habasha ta yi ikirarin cewa ta kai hari ne kawai a wuraren da ta yi zargin cewa TPLF tana kera ko adana makamai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia Launches Air Raids On Tigray Region, Kills Children, Destroys Houses {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/08/26/ethiopia-launches-air-raids-tigray-region-kills-children-destroys-houses |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=saharareporters.com}}</ref> Shugabar [[UNICEF]], Catherine Russell, ta fitar da wani sako da ke Allah wadai da harin sama tare da yin kira da a "dakatar da fada nan take." <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=UN condemns deadly air raid that ‘hit kindergarten’ in Tigray |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/27/un-condemns-tigray-airstrike-that-killed-children |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Harin sama na Togo (Yuni 2021) * Harin jirgin sama na Makarantar Elementary Dedebit (Janairu 2022) * Harin sama na makarantar Adi Daero (Oktoba 2022) == Manazarta == thrsf0wimglmy5xoil3sjexl9vi98d6 885190 885189 2026-07-20T11:07:12Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2022, wani hari da ake zargin rundunar tsaron kasa ta Habasha ta kai kan wata makarantar yara a babban birnin Tigray na Mekelle, wanda ya kashe mutane bakwai, ciki har da yara biyu. == Prelude == A shekarar 2020, bayan shekaru da dama na tashin hankali tsakanin gwamnatin dimokuradiyya ta Habasha, karkashin jagorancin [[Abiy Ahmed]], da kuma kungiyar 'Yantar da Jama'ar Tigray, jam'iyya mafi rinjaye a Yankin Tigray wadda a da ta jagoranci mulkin kama-karya a Habasha, rikici ya barke tsakanin TPLF da Habasha, wanda ya fara yakin Tigray. Wani hari na farko da gwamnatin Habasha ta kai ya kama Mekelle, babban birnin Tigray, kuma yakin ya koma tashin hankali mai rauni. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Niekerk |first=Phillip van |date=2023-02-21 |title=ANALYSIS – AFRICA, UNSCRAMBLED: Ethiopia’s Tigray war and the ‘big lie’ behind the century-defining 600,000 civilian deaths |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2023-02-22-ethiopias-tigray-war-and-the-big-lie-behind-the-century-defining-600000-civilian-deaths/ |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Daily Maverick |language=en}}</ref> A shekarar 2021, wani hari na Tigray ya isa gefen babban birnin Habasha, amma daga karshe aka dage shi. An fara tsagaita wuta a watan Maris na 2022, amma zuwa watan Agusta, tattaunawar zaman lafiya ta fara wargajewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia: Tigray Rebels Lack 'Interest' in Peace Talks |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/6707322.html |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=VOA |language=en}}</ref> Kwanaki kadan kafin harin sama, fada ya sake barkewa, inda bangarorin biyu ke zargin juna da fara kai hari. == Harin Jiragen Sama == Bayan sake barkewar fada, sojojin Habasha sun yi ruwan bama-bamai a babban birnin Tigray na Mekelle a ranar 26 ga Agusta <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=UNICEF slams Ethiopia air strike that 'hit kindergarten' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220827-unicef-slams-ethiopia-air-strike-that-hit-kindergarten |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Jiragen saman sun kasance na farko a babban birnin tun watan Maris. <ref name=":0" /> A harin, an kai hari kan wata makarantar yara ta renon yara, tare da ginin fararen hula da ke kusa. A cewar ma'aikatan agaji da ke wurin, an kai harin a RES Kids Paradise da misalin karfe 12:40 na rana agogon yankin, wani makarantar yara ta renon yara ta yankin, kuma an ji karar hayaniya uku. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=UN condemns deadly air raid that ‘hit kindergarten’ in Tigray |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/27/un-condemns-tigray-airstrike-that-killed-children |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == Bayan haka == Da farko, yara huɗu sun mutu, biyu kuma suka ji rauni. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-27 |title=UNICEF slams Ethiopia air strike that 'hit kindergarten' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20220827-unicef-slams-ethiopia-air-strike-that-hit-kindergarten |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> Daga baya adadin waɗanda suka mutu ya kai bakwai, goma sha huɗu kuma suka ji rauni, ciki har da yara. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-31 |title=Confronting Ethiopia's Abusive Siege |url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/08/31/confronting-ethiopias-abusive-siege |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> Bayan hare-haren sama da aka kai da kuma sake barkewar rikici, an dakatar da ayyukan agaji a yankin Tigray. <ref name=":3" /> Gwamnatin Habasha ta yi ikirarin cewa ta kai hari ne kawai a wuraren da ta yi zargin cewa TPLF tana kera ko adana makamai. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia Launches Air Raids On Tigray Region, Kills Children, Destroys Houses {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2022/08/26/ethiopia-launches-air-raids-tigray-region-kills-children-destroys-houses |access-date=2023-02-27 |website=saharareporters.com}}</ref> Shugabar [[UNICEF]], Catherine Russell, ta fitar da wani sako da ke Allah wadai da harin sama tare da yin kira da a "dakatar da fada nan take." <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=UN condemns deadly air raid that ‘hit kindergarten’ in Tigray |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/27/un-condemns-tigray-airstrike-that-killed-children |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == Duba kuma == * Harin sama na Togo (Yuni 2021) * Harin jirgin sama na Makarantar Elementary Dedebit (Janairu 2022) * Harin sama na makarantar Adi Daero (Oktoba 2022) == Manazarta == prfhh92wwpjy70k0lyzutznj9vn2uuw 0 161933 885191 2026-07-20T11:10:04Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1319693455|George Brown Theatre School]]" 885191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown''' makaranta ce ta wasan kwaikwayo da ke [[Toronto]], [[Kanada]] . Tana ba da horo a fannoni daban-daban na [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]], kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun wasan kwaikwayo da ake girmamawa a ƙasar. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1976 a matsayin reshen Kwalejin George Brown, wanda kuma take a Toronto. Ana yawan ambaton Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantun wasan kwaikwayo a Kanada. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simonson |first=Robert |date=2008-01-14 |title=Joseph Shaw, A Fixture at Stratford Festival, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/joseph-shaw-a-fixture-at-stratford-festival-dies-at-87-com-146829 |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=Playbill}}</ref> An san ta da horar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu fasahar wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu tare da ƙwarewa daban-daban daga malamai da yawa, malamai baƙi, da daraktocin baƙi. Bugu da ƙari, ta sami suna a ƙasa saboda aikin da ɗalibanta suka yi, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami yabo kuma sun gina ayyukan yi masu nasara a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, talabijin, da sauran masana'antun nishaɗi. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx |website=George Brown College}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin George Brown ta fara bayar da darussa da dama na wasan kwaikwayo a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, da rawa a shekarar 1973 a matsayin zaɓin ɗan lokaci ga ɗalibanta gabaɗaya. A ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarin haɗin kai ga sashen wasan kwaikwayo na Kwalejin, Dean of Academic Studies Bradley Webb, tare da jagorancin fasaha na tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektan Joseph Shaw, sun kafa Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a shekarar 1976. Makarantar ta fara azuzuwan a watan Satumba na 1976 a matsayin shirin shekaru biyu na ɗalibai 20 wanda aka shirya a harabar Kensington ta Kwalejin tare da mai da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samarwa. Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa a cikin shekara mai zuwa tare da samun wurin wasan kwaikwayo a 530 King Street East <ref>{{Cite web |date=1980 |title=Native Opportunities Course and Program Guide |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Government of Canada Publications |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> yayin da horo ya ci gaba a harabar Casa Loma ta Kwalejin. Bayan Shaw ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1986, Heinar Piller ya zama Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar. Piller ya ɗauki Peter C. Wylde a matsayin Shugaban Aiki kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu, an faɗaɗa shirin daga shekaru biyu zuwa uku. An sake fasalin manhajar karatu tare da mai da hankali kan rubutun gargajiya da kuma faɗaɗa abubuwan da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo don nuna ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu, gami da ƙara wani wasan kwaikwayo na yara da ɗaliban aji biyu suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=2011-2012 Stage Door |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=University of Toronto Mississauga}}</ref> Bayan ritayar Piller a shekarar 1997, Paul Lampert ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar tsawon shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Lampert_related experience |url=https://www.paullampert.com/content_frames/theatre/teaching.html |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Paul Lampert}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, makarantar ta faɗaɗa horonta ta hanyar ƙaddamar da shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha (IPAC) na shekara ɗaya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> James Simon ya karɓi ragamar Daraktan Fasaha a shekarar 2000. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Paul Carder, Shugaban Kasuwanci da Fasaha na Kwalejin a wancan lokacin, ya tuntuɓi Albert Schultz, Daraktan Fasaha na Kamfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Soulpepper, game da ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanin da Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Matasa don Fasaha ta Fasaha, wani wurin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru da ke gundumar Distillery ta Toronto inda makarantar da Soulpepper suke yanzu. An fara darussa a hukumance a Cibiyar Matasa a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2005. A watan Janairun 2018, Toronto Star, CBC, da Dialog sun buga labarai da ke bayyana cin zarafi, wariya, cin zarafi, da cin zarafi da wani malami a Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown ya yi wa ɗalibai. An ce abubuwan da tsoffin ɗalibai suka ruwaito sun faru ne tsakanin 2000 da 2015. A cewar labaran, tsoffin ɗalibai sun kai rahoton zarge-zargen cin zarafi ga Kwalejin George Brown da kuma gwamnatin Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a 2007 da kuma tun farkon 2000. A cikin 2017, ƙarin rahotanni sun ambaci mukaddashin farfesa Todd Hammond a matsayin babban mai laifin cin zarafi, wanda ya haifar da hutunsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=George Brown Theatre School Survivors |url=https://gbsurvivors.org/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=Intermission {{!}} Confessions from Theatre School |url=https://www.intermissionmagazine.ca/artist-perspective/confessions-theatre-school/ |access-date=2019-06-28 |website=Intermission |language=en-CA}}</ref> An cire shi daga kundin malaman makarantar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018 kuma Kwalejin ba ta sake biyansa ko ɗaukarsa aiki ba nan da 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Public Salary Disclosure 2020 |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/public-sector-salary-disclosure-2020-all-sectors-and-seconded-employees |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.ontario.ca}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Theatre Faculty Directory |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205515/https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> Tun daga lokacin makarantar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da dama dangane da wallafe-wallafen, wato ɗaukar sabbin farfesoshi na riƙon ƙwarya, canje-canje a cikin malamai, da kuma maye gurbin Sue Miner a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Shirye-shirye bayan James Simon. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Theatre Faculty Directory |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205515/https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> [[Fayil:Exploring_the_distillery_district,_2014_12_03_(13).JPG_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Gefen shiga makarantar kamar yadda aka gani daga titin Cherry .]] A watan Nuwamba na 2001, an sanar da Aikin Gundumar Tarihi na Distillery a matsayin sabon wurin jan hankali na Toronto. Haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown da Soulpepper nan da nan suka fara tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Cityscape Development don mallakar Tank Houses 9 da 10, wanda ya ƙirƙiri abin da ya zama Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. Manufar wannan haɗin gwiwa ita ce ƙirƙirar wurin koyar da fasaha, ilimi da kuma wayar da kan jama'a da kuma gida ga makarantar, Soulpepper, da kuma al'ummar fasaha mai zaman kanta ta Toronto. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> === Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni === A shekara ta 2002, an ɗauki kamfanin gine-gine na Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects aiki don tsara cibiyar tare da Thomas Payne a matsayin babban mai zane. Tsarin ya ƙunshi gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru guda uku, ɗakunan gwaji guda huɗu, azuzuwa biyu, shagon kayan sawa, wurin zama na ɗalibai, lambun masu fasaha, wurin shakatawa na jama'a, gidan shayi, da ofisoshin gudanarwa na makarantar wasan kwaikwayo da Soulpepper. George Brown da Soulpepper kowannensu ya tara rabin kuɗin dala miliyan 14 ban da kyautar dala miliyan 3 daga Gidauniyar Iyali ta Michael Young a shekara ta 2003 wanda ya sami kuɗi don haɓaka ta. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Facilities |url=https://www1.youngcentre.ca/the-facilities |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown, wacce ke aiki a cikin 9080&nbsp;Faɗin ginin mai faɗin ƙafa ², <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=George Brown College Master Campus Plan Report |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/about/master-campus-plan.pdf |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> ya fara azuzuwan a cibiyar da aka kammala aikin a watan Satumba na 2005 kafin buɗe Cibiyar Matasa a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-01 |title=Adaptive Reuse: Buildings 49 & 50 — Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721042303/http://www.distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Distillery District Heritage Website}}</ref> === Gidajen wasan kwaikwayo === Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo tana yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda uku a Cibiyar Matasa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marilyn da Charles Baillie, mafi girma daga cikin ukun, wuri ne mai sassauƙa wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 378 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Marilyn and Charles Baillie Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Marilyn_and_Charles_Baillie_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> kuma yana karɓar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na yara na shekara ta biyu. A halin yanzu, kakar karatun ajin yana canzawa tsakanin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Michael Young, wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 269, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Michael Young Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Michael_Young_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tank House, wanda ke da damar mutane 110. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Facilities |url=https://www1.youngcentre.ca/the-facilities |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> == Adadin shiga da kuma kammala karatun digiri == === Shiga === Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown shiri ne mai matuƙar gasa wanda ke karɓar ɗalibai 30 zuwa 32 kawai kowace shekara a cikin shirinta na difloma na shekaru uku daga cikin masu neman shiga 650 zuwa 700. Shiga ya dogara ne akan nasarar tsarin gwaji mai matakai 3: zagaye na farko na gwajin aiki - inda ake buƙatar 'yan takara su yi magana ta zamani, magana ta gargajiya, da kuma waƙar cappella - zagaye na biyu na gwajin kira, da kuma zagaye na uku na tambayoyi. Ana gudanar da gwajin gwaji kai tsaye a watan Afrilu da Mayu na kowace shekara a Toronto, da kuma ta Skype idan ya cancanta ga 'yan takarar da ba za su iya tafiya don gwajin ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Program Auditions: Conservatory Actor Training |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/auditions/ |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> === Adadin kammala karatun digiri === Duk da cewa har zuwa ɗalibai 32 ake shigar da su makarantar a shekarar farko, ajin da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu yana da kimanin ɗalibai 14 zuwa 19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2018 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2018-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2016 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2016-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2015 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2015-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Hakazalika, a matsakaici, rukunin ɗalibai na shekara ta biyu yana da, a matsakaici, ɗalibai 19. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2021, ɗalibai 25 sun kammala karatu - ɗaya daga cikin manyan azuzuwan da aka taɓa yi a tarihi. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Three Sisters & Co. |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430134349/https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=George Brown College |language=en}}</ref> == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown cibiya ce da ke da hedikwata a makarantun kide-kide. Manhajar karatunta ta farko an gina ta ne bisa tsarin gargajiya na yin aiki ta hanyar murya, motsi, magana, rawa, da kuma azuzuwan kiɗa, <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> wanda ake buƙatar ɗalibai su ɗauka a duk tsawon shirin difloma na shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2019-2020/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P104-2019-2020.pdf |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Dalibai suna koyon salon wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri ta waɗannan azuzuwan da kuma ta wasu darussa da ake buƙata ciki har da faɗan mataki, haɓakawa, abin rufe fuska na tsaka-tsaki, abin rufe fuska na hali, yin barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo na commedia dell'arte, bayar da labari, dabarun fina-finai da talabijin, da kuma nazarin yanayi daban-daban na gargajiya da na zamani. Baya ga wannan, ɗalibai suna ɗaukar darussa a nazarin rubutu, haɓaka hulɗa, ilimin harshe, dabarun gwaji, tarihin wasan kwaikwayo, kasuwancin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma dabarun Alexander . <ref name=":6" /> Shirin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, wani lokacin yana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi horo na sama da awanni 11 a rana ɗaya. Dalibai kuma suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen cikakku guda biyar a tsawon shekaru uku na horon su. Daliban aji uku suna aiki tare da kwararrun daraktoci, manajojin mataki, masu zane-zane, da masu fasaha don samar da cikakken kakar wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi a Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Programs |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/programs/theatre/ |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ɗaliban aji biyu suna tsara da gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na yara a kowace Nuwamba da Disamba bisa ga labaran marubucin yara Robert Munsch . Baya ga horo da wasan kwaikwayo, makarantar tana ba da shirin jagoranci inda ɗaliban aji na uku za a haɗa su daban-daban da wani ƙwararren mai koyar da wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke ba da jagoranci ga kowane ɗalibi na tsawon shekara guda bayan kammala karatunsa. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent "Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description"]. </cite></ref> Ana kuma ba wa ɗaliban aji na uku bita na tsawon makonni uku a fannin ɗaukar motsi da kuma yin magana a makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=George Brown Theatre Fall 2013 Newsletter |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911002433/http://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-11 |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bayan shirinta na shekaru uku, Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown tana ba da shirin takardar sheda na shekara ɗaya da aka sani da Shirin Shiri (wanda a da ake kira Shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha). <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 "Curtain Call"]. </cite></ref> An tsara wannan shirin ne ga ɗaliban da ke son samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don shiga makarantun wasan kwaikwayo ko kasuwancin nishaɗi. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun shirin shirye-shirye galibi suna yin gwaji cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru uku na makarantar. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Preparation Program (P108) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2018-2019/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P108-2018-2019.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗaliban makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta George Brown sun haɗa da: <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx |website=George Brown College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx "Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates"]. </cite></ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Three Sisters & Co. |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430134349/https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=George Brown College |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co "Three Sisters & Co"]. </cite></ref>{{Columns-list|* [[Hannah Emily Anderson]] — (''[[Jigsaw (2017 film)|Jigsaw]]'', ''[[What Keeps You Alive]]'') * [[Keith Barker (writer)|Keith Barker]] — ([[Native Earth Performing Arts]]) * [[Katherine Barrell]] — (''[[Wynonna Earp (TV series)|Wynonna Earp]]'', ''[[Workin' Moms]]'') * [[Samantha Bee]] — (''[[Full Frontal with Samantha Bee]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/02/samantha-bee-timeline.html|title=The Rise and Rise of Samantha Bee |last=Duca|first=Lauren|date=2016-02-06|work=The Vulture}}</ref> * [[Shaun Benson]] — (''[[The Girlfriend Experience (TV series)|The Girlfriend Experience]]'', ''[[Being Erica]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaun Benson |url=https://ggagency.ca/benson/ |website=Gary Goddard Agency}}</ref> * [[Ryder Britton]] — (''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Mantracker]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 George Brown Theatre School Graduates|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|website=George Brown College|date=2006|access-date=2019-06-15|archive-date=2016-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412183118/http://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Catherine Bruhier]] — (''[[The Young and the Restless|The Young and The Restless]]'') * [[Kristian Bruun]] — (''[[Orphan Black]]'', ''[[Carter (TV series)|Carter]]'', ''[[Tactical Girls]]'') * [[Valerie Buhagiar]] — (''[[Roadkill (1989 film)|Roadkill]]'', ''[[A Winter Tale]]'') * [[Evan Buliung]] — (''[[Dear Evan Hansen]]'', [[Shaw Festival]], [[Stratford Festival]]) * [[Ben Carlson]] — ([[Stratford Festival]], ''[[Hamlet]]'', ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'') * [[Philip DeWilde]] — (''[[Turning Paige]]'', ''[[Prince Charming (2001 film)|Prince Charming]]'') * [[Steffi DiDomenicantonio]] — (''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'', ''[[Come from Away]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Making the Leap|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2012_newsletter.pdf|date=2012|website=George Brown College}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Karen Dwyer]] — (''[[Better Than Chocolate]]'', ''[[Superstar (1999 film)|Superstar]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://popgoesthenews.com/2018/09/26/better-than-chocolate-star-karyn-dwyer-dies-at-43/|title='Better Than Chocolate' star Karyn Dwyer dies at 43 |date=2018-09-26|work=Pop Goes the News}}</ref> * [[TL Forsberg]] — (''[[Switched at Birth (TV series)|Switched at Birth]]'') * [[Brendan Gall]] — (''[[Blindspot (TV series)|Blindspot]]'', ''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[The L.A. Complex]]'') * [[Soo Garay]] — (''[[My Children! My Africa!]]'', ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'') * [[Colton Gobbo]] — (''[[Ginny and Georgia]]'', ''[[Son of a Critch]]'', ''[[The Desperate Hour]]'') * [[Brad Goreski]] — (''[[Fashion Police|E! Fashion Police]]'') * [[Carter Hayden]] — (''[[Total Drama]]'', ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'') * [[Falen Johnson]] — ([[Soulpepper]], ''Secret Life of Canada'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/whatson/planetindigenusoff-site.cfm?id=3834|title=Planet IndigenUs Off-site|website=Harbourfront Centre|access-date=2020-03-20}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Kabongo]] — (''[[Teenagers (web series)|Teenagers]]'', ''[[21 Thunder]]'')<ref name=":8" /> * [[Patrick Kwok-Choon]] — (''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'') * [[Daniel MacIvor]] — (''[[Twitch City]]'', ''[[Marion Bridge (film)|Marion Bridge]]'') * [[Colm Magner]] — (''[[Street Time]]'', ''[[This Is Wonderland]]'') * [[Michael Mahonen]] — (''[[Road to Avonlea]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'') * [[Sarah Manninen]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Alias Grace]]'') * [[Meredith McGeachie]] — (''[[Punch (2002 film)|Punch]]'', ''[[The L Word]]'', ''[[Paradise Falls]]'') * [[Claudette Mink]] — (''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'', ''[[R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'', ''[[Harper's Island]]'') * [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]] — (''[[George Shrinks]]'', ''[[Grossology (TV series)|Grossology]]'', ''[[Friends and Heroes]]'') * [[Alex Paxton-Beesley]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Cardinal (TV series)|Cardinal]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'') * [[Aaron Poole]] — (''[[This Beautiful City]]'', ''[[Strange Empire]]'') * [[Andra Simons]] — (''The Joshua Tales'', ''Turtlemen'') * [[Janaya Stephens]] — (''[[Left Behind (series)|Left Behind]]'' series, ''[[Inside the Osmonds]]'', ''[[Flashpoint (TV series)|Flashpoint]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Janaya Stephens — About |url=https://www.janayastephens.com/about.php |website=Janaya Stephens}}</ref> * [[Ordena Stephens-Thompson]] — (''[[Da Kink in My Hair]]'') * [[Dylan Taylor (actor)|Dylan Taylor]] — (''[[Defying Gravity (TV series)|Defying Gravity]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'', ''[[What Would Sal Do?]]'')|colwidth=22em}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] b2h4vg1j922sc91u1wdvutp7dg5usjm 885192 885191 2026-07-20T11:10:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown''' makaranta ce ta wasan kwaikwayo da ke [[Toronto]], [[Kanada]] . Tana ba da horo a fannoni daban-daban na [[Gidan wasan kwaikwayo|wasan kwaikwayo]], kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun wasan kwaikwayo da ake girmamawa a ƙasar. An kafa makarantar a shekarar 1976 a matsayin reshen Kwalejin George Brown, wanda kuma take a Toronto. Ana yawan ambaton Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun makarantun wasan kwaikwayo a Kanada. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simonson |first=Robert |date=2008-01-14 |title=Joseph Shaw, A Fixture at Stratford Festival, Dies at 87 |url=https://www.playbill.com/article/joseph-shaw-a-fixture-at-stratford-festival-dies-at-87-com-146829 |access-date=2019-11-25 |website=Playbill}}</ref> An san ta da horar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da masu fasahar wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda suka kammala karatunsu tare da ƙwarewa daban-daban daga malamai da yawa, malamai baƙi, da daraktocin baƙi. Bugu da ƙari, ta sami suna a ƙasa saboda aikin da ɗalibanta suka yi, waɗanda da yawa daga cikinsu sun sami yabo kuma sun gina ayyukan yi masu nasara a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, fina-finai, talabijin, da sauran masana'antun nishaɗi. <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx |website=George Brown College}}</ref> == Tarihi == Kwalejin George Brown ta fara bayar da darussa da dama na wasan kwaikwayo a fannin wasan kwaikwayo, kiɗa, da rawa a shekarar 1973 a matsayin zaɓin ɗan lokaci ga ɗalibanta gabaɗaya. A ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarin haɗin kai ga sashen wasan kwaikwayo na Kwalejin, Dean of Academic Studies Bradley Webb, tare da jagorancin fasaha na tsohon ɗan wasan kwaikwayo kuma darektan Joseph Shaw, sun kafa Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a shekarar 1976. Makarantar ta fara azuzuwan a watan Satumba na 1976 a matsayin shirin shekaru biyu na ɗalibai 20 wanda aka shirya a harabar Kensington ta Kwalejin tare da mai da hankali kan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma samarwa. Ta ci gaba da faɗaɗa a cikin shekara mai zuwa tare da samun wurin wasan kwaikwayo a 530 King Street East <ref>{{Cite web |date=1980 |title=Native Opportunities Course and Program Guide |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Government of Canada Publications |publisher=Government of Canada}}</ref> yayin da horo ya ci gaba a harabar Casa Loma ta Kwalejin. Bayan Shaw ya yi ritaya a shekarar 1986, Heinar Piller ya zama Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar. Piller ya ɗauki Peter C. Wylde a matsayin Shugaban Aiki kuma a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsu, an faɗaɗa shirin daga shekaru biyu zuwa uku. An sake fasalin manhajar karatu tare da mai da hankali kan rubutun gargajiya da kuma faɗaɗa abubuwan da suka shafi wasan kwaikwayo don nuna ɗaliban da suka kammala karatunsu, gami da ƙara wani wasan kwaikwayo na yara da ɗaliban aji biyu suka yi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=2011-2012 Stage Door |url=https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/aanc-inac/R32-49-1980-eng.pdf |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=University of Toronto Mississauga}}</ref> Bayan ritayar Piller a shekarar 1997, Paul Lampert ya yi aiki a matsayin Daraktan Fasaha na makarantar tsawon shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Lampert_related experience |url=https://www.paullampert.com/content_frames/theatre/teaching.html |access-date=2019-06-18 |website=Paul Lampert}}</ref> A wannan lokacin, makarantar ta faɗaɗa horonta ta hanyar ƙaddamar da shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha (IPAC) na shekara ɗaya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> James Simon ya karɓi ragamar Daraktan Fasaha a shekarar 2000. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Paul Carder, Shugaban Kasuwanci da Fasaha na Kwalejin a wancan lokacin, ya tuntuɓi Albert Schultz, Daraktan Fasaha na Kamfanin Wasan Kwaikwayo na Soulpepper, game da ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kamfanin da Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> Wannan ya haifar da ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Matasa don Fasaha ta Fasaha, wani wurin wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru da ke gundumar Distillery ta Toronto inda makarantar da Soulpepper suke yanzu. An fara darussa a hukumance a Cibiyar Matasa a ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2005. A watan Janairun 2018, Toronto Star, CBC, da Dialog sun buga labarai da ke bayyana cin zarafi, wariya, cin zarafi, da cin zarafi da wani malami a Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown ya yi wa ɗalibai. An ce abubuwan da tsoffin ɗalibai suka ruwaito sun faru ne tsakanin 2000 da 2015. A cewar labaran, tsoffin ɗalibai sun kai rahoton zarge-zargen cin zarafi ga Kwalejin George Brown da kuma gwamnatin Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown a 2007 da kuma tun farkon 2000. A cikin 2017, ƙarin rahotanni sun ambaci mukaddashin farfesa Todd Hammond a matsayin babban mai laifin cin zarafi, wanda ya haifar da hutunsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=George Brown Theatre School Survivors |url=https://gbsurvivors.org/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-17 |title=Intermission {{!}} Confessions from Theatre School |url=https://www.intermissionmagazine.ca/artist-perspective/confessions-theatre-school/ |access-date=2019-06-28 |website=Intermission |language=en-CA}}</ref> An cire shi daga kundin malaman makarantar wasan kwaikwayo a 2018 kuma Kwalejin ba ta sake biyansa ko ɗaukarsa aiki ba nan da 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ontario Public Salary Disclosure 2020 |url=https://www.ontario.ca/page/public-sector-salary-disclosure-2020-all-sectors-and-seconded-employees |access-date=2021-04-28 |website=www.ontario.ca}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Theatre Faculty Directory |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205515/https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> Tun daga lokacin makarantar ta fuskanci sauye-sauye da dama dangane da wallafe-wallafen, wato ɗaukar sabbin farfesoshi na riƙon ƙwarya, canje-canje a cikin malamai, da kuma maye gurbin Sue Miner a matsayin Mai Gudanar da Shirye-shirye bayan James Simon. <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Theatre Faculty Directory |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330205515/https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/faculty/theatre/ |archive-date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-06-19}}</ref> [[Fayil:Exploring_the_distillery_district,_2014_12_03_(13).JPG_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|Gefen shiga makarantar kamar yadda aka gani daga titin Cherry .]] A watan Nuwamba na 2001, an sanar da Aikin Gundumar Tarihi na Distillery a matsayin sabon wurin jan hankali na Toronto. Haɗin gwiwar Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown da Soulpepper nan da nan suka fara tattaunawa da ƙungiyar Cityscape Development don mallakar Tank Houses 9 da 10, wanda ya ƙirƙiri abin da ya zama Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. Manufar wannan haɗin gwiwa ita ce ƙirƙirar wurin koyar da fasaha, ilimi da kuma wayar da kan jama'a da kuma gida ga makarantar, Soulpepper, da kuma al'ummar fasaha mai zaman kanta ta Toronto. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> === Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni === A shekara ta 2002, an ɗauki kamfanin gine-gine na Kuwabara Payne McKenna Blumberg Architects aiki don tsara cibiyar tare da Thomas Payne a matsayin babban mai zane. Tsarin ya ƙunshi gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na ƙwararru guda uku, ɗakunan gwaji guda huɗu, azuzuwa biyu, shagon kayan sawa, wurin zama na ɗalibai, lambun masu fasaha, wurin shakatawa na jama'a, gidan shayi, da ofisoshin gudanarwa na makarantar wasan kwaikwayo da Soulpepper. George Brown da Soulpepper kowannensu ya tara rabin kuɗin dala miliyan 14 ban da kyautar dala miliyan 3 daga Gidauniyar Iyali ta Michael Young a shekara ta 2003 wanda ya sami kuɗi don haɓaka ta. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619200023/http://entertainmentcanada.com/locations/30066118-young-centre-for-the-performing-arts |archive-date=2019-06-19 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Entertainment Canada |publisher=Logograph}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Facilities |url=https://www1.youngcentre.ca/the-facilities |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown, wacce ke aiki a cikin 9080&nbsp;Faɗin ginin mai faɗin ƙafa ², <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=George Brown College Master Campus Plan Report |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/about/master-campus-plan.pdf |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> ya fara azuzuwan a cibiyar da aka kammala aikin a watan Satumba na 2005 kafin buɗe Cibiyar Matasa a hukumance a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2006. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-06-01 |title=Adaptive Reuse: Buildings 49 & 50 — Young Centre for the Performing Arts |url=http://distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721042303/http://www.distilleryheritage.com/snippets/65.pdf |archive-date=July 21, 2013 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=Distillery District Heritage Website}}</ref> === Gidajen wasan kwaikwayo === Makarantar wasan kwaikwayo tana yin wasan kwaikwayo akai-akai a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo guda uku a Cibiyar Matasa. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Marilyn da Charles Baillie, mafi girma daga cikin ukun, wuri ne mai sassauƙa wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 378 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Marilyn and Charles Baillie Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Marilyn_and_Charles_Baillie_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> kuma yana karɓar bakuncin wasan kwaikwayo na yara na shekara ta biyu. A halin yanzu, kakar karatun ajin yana canzawa tsakanin Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Michael Young, wanda ke ɗaukar masu kallo har zuwa 269, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Michael Young Theatre |url=https://cdn.agilitycms.com/young-centre/facility-specs/Michael_Young_Theatre-2017.pdf |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> da Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Tank House, wanda ke da damar mutane 110. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Facilities |url=https://www1.youngcentre.ca/the-facilities |access-date=2019-06-20 |website=Young Centre for the Performing Arts}}</ref> == Adadin shiga da kuma kammala karatun digiri == === Shiga === Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown shiri ne mai matuƙar gasa wanda ke karɓar ɗalibai 30 zuwa 32 kawai kowace shekara a cikin shirinta na difloma na shekaru uku daga cikin masu neman shiga 650 zuwa 700. Shiga ya dogara ne akan nasarar tsarin gwaji mai matakai 3: zagaye na farko na gwajin aiki - inda ake buƙatar 'yan takara su yi magana ta zamani, magana ta gargajiya, da kuma waƙar cappella - zagaye na biyu na gwajin kira, da kuma zagaye na uku na tambayoyi. Ana gudanar da gwajin gwaji kai tsaye a watan Afrilu da Mayu na kowace shekara a Toronto, da kuma ta Skype idan ya cancanta ga 'yan takarar da ba za su iya tafiya don gwajin ba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Program Auditions: Conservatory Actor Training |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/auditions/ |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> === Adadin kammala karatun digiri === Duk da cewa har zuwa ɗalibai 32 ake shigar da su makarantar a shekarar farko, ajin da ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaliban da suka kammala karatu yana da kimanin ɗalibai 14 zuwa 19. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2018 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2018-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2016 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2016-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=George Brown Theatre School graduates 2015 |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2015-theatre-grads.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Hakazalika, a matsakaici, rukunin ɗalibai na shekara ta biyu yana da, a matsakaici, ɗalibai 19. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2021, ɗalibai 25 sun kammala karatu - ɗaya daga cikin manyan azuzuwan da aka taɓa yi a tarihi. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Three Sisters & Co. |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430134349/https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=George Brown College |language=en}}</ref> == Manhaja ta Manhaja == Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown cibiya ce da ke da hedikwata a makarantun kide-kide. Manhajar karatunta ta farko an gina ta ne bisa tsarin gargajiya na yin aiki ta hanyar murya, motsi, magana, rawa, da kuma azuzuwan kiɗa, <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> wanda ake buƙatar ɗalibai su ɗauka a duk tsawon shirin difloma na shekaru uku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2019-2020/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P104-2019-2020.pdf |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Dalibai suna koyon salon wasan kwaikwayo iri-iri ta waɗannan azuzuwan da kuma ta wasu darussa da ake buƙata ciki har da faɗan mataki, haɓakawa, abin rufe fuska na tsaka-tsaki, abin rufe fuska na hali, yin barkwanci, wasan kwaikwayo na commedia dell'arte, bayar da labari, dabarun fina-finai da talabijin, da kuma nazarin yanayi daban-daban na gargajiya da na zamani. Baya ga wannan, ɗalibai suna ɗaukar darussa a nazarin rubutu, haɓaka hulɗa, ilimin harshe, dabarun gwaji, tarihin wasan kwaikwayo, kasuwancin wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma dabarun Alexander . <ref name=":6" /> Shirin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, wani lokacin yana buƙatar ɗalibai su yi horo na sama da awanni 11 a rana ɗaya. Dalibai kuma suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen cikakku guda biyar a tsawon shekaru uku na horon su. Daliban aji uku suna aiki tare da kwararrun daraktoci, manajojin mataki, masu zane-zane, da masu fasaha don samar da cikakken kakar wasan kwaikwayo da aka yi a Cibiyar Matasa don Fasahar Wasanni. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Theatre Programs |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/programs/theatre/ |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bugu da ƙari, ɗaliban aji biyu suna tsara da gabatar da wasan kwaikwayo na yara a kowace Nuwamba da Disamba bisa ga labaran marubucin yara Robert Munsch . Baya ga horo da wasan kwaikwayo, makarantar tana ba da shirin jagoranci inda ɗaliban aji na uku za a haɗa su daban-daban da wani ƙwararren mai koyar da wasan kwaikwayo wanda ke ba da jagoranci ga kowane ɗalibi na tsawon shekara guda bayan kammala karatunsa. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/programs/theatre-arts-performance-program-p104/#descriptionContent "Theatre Arts — Performance Program (P104) — Full Description"]. </cite></ref> Ana kuma ba wa ɗaliban aji na uku bita na tsawon makonni uku a fannin ɗaukar motsi da kuma yin magana a makarantar. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=George Brown Theatre Fall 2013 Newsletter |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911002433/http://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2013.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-11 |access-date=2019-06-21 |website=George Brown College}}</ref> Bayan shirinta na shekaru uku, Makarantar Wasan Kwaikwayo ta George Brown tana ba da shirin takardar sheda na shekara ɗaya da aka sani da Shirin Shiri (wanda a da ake kira Shirin Gabatarwa ga Ayyukan Fasaha). <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Curtain Call |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 |access-date=2019-06-19 |website=George Brown College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=3846 "Curtain Call"]. </cite></ref> An tsara wannan shirin ne ga ɗaliban da ke son samun ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don shiga makarantun wasan kwaikwayo ko kasuwancin nishaɗi. Waɗanda suka kammala karatun shirin shirye-shirye galibi suna yin gwaji cikin shirin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru uku na makarantar. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Theatre Arts — Preparation Program (P108) |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/uploadedfiles/ProgramPDFs/2018-2019/Arts,%20Design%20and%20Information%20Technology/P108-2018-2019.pdf |website=George Brown College}}</ref> == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗalibai == Fitattun tsofaffin ɗaliban makarantar wasan kwaikwayo ta George Brown sun haɗa da: <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx |website=George Brown College}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/prominent_graduates.aspx "Alumni Stories — Prominent Graduates"]. </cite></ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-10 |title=Three Sisters & Co. |url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430134349/https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co |archive-date=2021-04-30 |access-date=2021-08-26 |website=George Brown College |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.georgebrown.ca/three-sisters-co "Three Sisters & Co"]. </cite></ref>{{Columns-list|* [[Hannah Emily Anderson]] — (''[[Jigsaw (2017 film)|Jigsaw]]'', ''[[What Keeps You Alive]]'') * [[Keith Barker (writer)|Keith Barker]] — ([[Native Earth Performing Arts]]) * [[Katherine Barrell]] — (''[[Wynonna Earp (TV series)|Wynonna Earp]]'', ''[[Workin' Moms]]'') * [[Samantha Bee]] — (''[[Full Frontal with Samantha Bee]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vulture.com/2016/02/samantha-bee-timeline.html|title=The Rise and Rise of Samantha Bee |last=Duca|first=Lauren|date=2016-02-06|work=The Vulture}}</ref> * [[Shaun Benson]] — (''[[The Girlfriend Experience (TV series)|The Girlfriend Experience]]'', ''[[Being Erica]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Shaun Benson |url=https://ggagency.ca/benson/ |website=Gary Goddard Agency}}</ref> * [[Ryder Britton]] — (''[[Degrassi: The Next Generation]]'', ''[[Mantracker]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 George Brown Theatre School Graduates|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|website=George Brown College|date=2006|access-date=2019-06-15|archive-date=2016-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412183118/http://www.georgebrown.ca/performingarts/theatre/alumni/2006_theatre_grads/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Catherine Bruhier]] — (''[[The Young and the Restless|The Young and The Restless]]'') * [[Kristian Bruun]] — (''[[Orphan Black]]'', ''[[Carter (TV series)|Carter]]'', ''[[Tactical Girls]]'') * [[Valerie Buhagiar]] — (''[[Roadkill (1989 film)|Roadkill]]'', ''[[A Winter Tale]]'') * [[Evan Buliung]] — (''[[Dear Evan Hansen]]'', [[Shaw Festival]], [[Stratford Festival]]) * [[Ben Carlson]] — ([[Stratford Festival]], ''[[Hamlet]]'', ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'') * [[Philip DeWilde]] — (''[[Turning Paige]]'', ''[[Prince Charming (2001 film)|Prince Charming]]'') * [[Steffi DiDomenicantonio]] — (''[[Spring Awakening (musical)|Spring Awakening]]'', ''[[Come from Away]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Making the Leap|url=https://www.georgebrown.ca/theatre/news/fall2012_newsletter.pdf|date=2012|website=George Brown College}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Karen Dwyer]] — (''[[Better Than Chocolate]]'', ''[[Superstar (1999 film)|Superstar]]'')<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://popgoesthenews.com/2018/09/26/better-than-chocolate-star-karyn-dwyer-dies-at-43/|title='Better Than Chocolate' star Karyn Dwyer dies at 43 |date=2018-09-26|work=Pop Goes the News}}</ref> * [[TL Forsberg]] — (''[[Switched at Birth (TV series)|Switched at Birth]]'') * [[Brendan Gall]] — (''[[Blindspot (TV series)|Blindspot]]'', ''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[The L.A. Complex]]'') * [[Soo Garay]] — (''[[My Children! My Africa!]]'', ''[[Queer as Folk (2000 TV series)|Queer as Folk]]'') * [[Colton Gobbo]] — (''[[Ginny and Georgia]]'', ''[[Son of a Critch]]'', ''[[The Desperate Hour]]'') * [[Brad Goreski]] — (''[[Fashion Police|E! Fashion Police]]'') * [[Carter Hayden]] — (''[[Total Drama]]'', ''[[Camp Lakebottom]]'') * [[Falen Johnson]] — ([[Soulpepper]], ''Secret Life of Canada'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/whatson/planetindigenusoff-site.cfm?id=3834|title=Planet IndigenUs Off-site|website=Harbourfront Centre|access-date=2020-03-20}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * [[Emmanuel Kabongo]] — (''[[Teenagers (web series)|Teenagers]]'', ''[[21 Thunder]]'')<ref name=":8" /> * [[Patrick Kwok-Choon]] — (''[[Open Heart (TV series)|Open Heart]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Discovery]]'') * [[Daniel MacIvor]] — (''[[Twitch City]]'', ''[[Marion Bridge (film)|Marion Bridge]]'') * [[Colm Magner]] — (''[[Street Time]]'', ''[[This Is Wonderland]]'') * [[Michael Mahonen]] — (''[[Road to Avonlea]]'', ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]'') * [[Sarah Manninen]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Alias Grace]]'') * [[Meredith McGeachie]] — (''[[Punch (2002 film)|Punch]]'', ''[[The L Word]]'', ''[[Paradise Falls]]'') * [[Claudette Mink]] — (''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'', ''[[R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'', ''[[Harper's Island]]'') * [[Paul O'Sullivan (actor)|Paul O'Sullivan]] — (''[[George Shrinks]]'', ''[[Grossology (TV series)|Grossology]]'', ''[[Friends and Heroes]]'') * [[Alex Paxton-Beesley]] — (''[[Murdoch Mysteries]]'', ''[[Cardinal (TV series)|Cardinal]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'') * [[Aaron Poole]] — (''[[This Beautiful City]]'', ''[[Strange Empire]]'') * [[Andra Simons]] — (''The Joshua Tales'', ''Turtlemen'') * [[Janaya Stephens]] — (''[[Left Behind (series)|Left Behind]]'' series, ''[[Inside the Osmonds]]'', ''[[Flashpoint (TV series)|Flashpoint]]'')<ref>{{cite web |title=Janaya Stephens — About |url=https://www.janayastephens.com/about.php |website=Janaya Stephens}}</ref> * [[Ordena Stephens-Thompson]] — (''[[Da Kink in My Hair]]'') * [[Dylan Taylor (actor)|Dylan Taylor]] — (''[[Defying Gravity (TV series)|Defying Gravity]]'', ''[[Pure (Canadian TV series)|Pure]]'', ''[[What Would Sal Do?]]'')|colwidth=22em}} == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0ngm0arh1cozec17kk5l5iwieqjbuut 0 161934 885193 2026-07-20T11:11:57Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308998142|Orton-Gillingham]]" 885193 wikitext text/x-wiki Hanyar '''Orton-Gillingham''' wata dabara ce ta sauti mai yawa don koyar da [[karatu]] gyare-gyare da aka haɓaka a farkon karni na 20. Ana yin shi a matsayin hanyar kai tsaye, bayyane, fahimta, tarawa, da kuma tsarin ji da yawa. Duk da yake an fi danganta shi da koyar da mutane da ke fama da [[Rashin jituwa|dyslexia]], an yi amfani da shi ga mutanen da ba su da dyslexic suna koyon karatu, rubutu, da rubutu. A Amurka, shirye-shiryen kasuwanci sama da 15 da kuma makarantu masu zaman kansu da yawa suna inganta shi don dalibai da ke da [[Rashin jituwa|dyslexia]] da nakasa na ilmantarwa. ''Kwalejin Orton-Gillingham'', wacce aka fi sani da "Orton Society", tana ba da takardar shaidar mutanen da suka halarci shirin horo tare da wani memba na OGA kuma waɗanda suka kammala aikin gwaji da aka sa ido a kai. Wannan kwamitin ba da takardar shaidar yana da takardar shaidar a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Kula da Masu Rijista ta NYS. == Orton da Gillingham == Samuel Torrey Orton (1879–1948), masanin ilimin tabin hankali da kuma [[Ilimin Cututtuka|likitan cututtuka]] a Jami'ar Columbia, ya yi nazarin yara masu matsalolin sarrafa harshe kamar [[Rashin jituwa|dyslexia]] . Tare da [[malami]] kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam [[Anna Gillingham]] (1878–1963), ya ƙirƙiri dabarun koyar da karatu, waɗanda ke haɗa dabarun koyo na motsa jiki (bisa ga motsi) da kuma dabarun taɓawa (bisa ga ji) tare da koyar da ra'ayoyin gani da na ji. <ref name="RoseZirkel2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rose |first=Tessie E. |last2=Zirkel |first2=Perry |date=November 2007 |title=Orton-Gillingham Methodology for Students With Reading Disabilities: 30 Years of Case Law |journal=The Journal of Special Education |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=171–185 |doi=10.1177/00224669070410030301 |s2cid=1204397 |id={{ERIC|EJ785952}} {{ProQuest|194716470}} |quote=As several reviewers have pointed out, the research studies to date have not sufficiently validated the multisensory component that is the core of O-G programs (Moats & Farrell, 1999; Sanders, 2001), nor have they provided scientific support for its effectiveness (Ritchey & Goeke, 2006). The purpose here is not to demonstrate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of O-G programs, but to reveal the gap that persists between professional advocacy for O-G and the need for scientifically based and peer-reviewed research.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> A shekarar 1935, Gillingham, tare da tsohon abokin aikinta [[Bessie Stillman]], sun buga littafin Gillingham-Stillman, ''Horarwa kan Gyaran Jiki ga Yara Masu Nakasa ta Musamman a Karatu, Rubutu da Rubutun Rubutu'' . Wannan yanzu ana kiransa da hanyar Orton-Gillingham (OG), "dabarar sauti mai ji da gani don koyar da karatu na gyara." <ref name="Swarthmore">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=How a Class of 1900 alumna influenced dyslexia research |url=https://bulletin.swarthmore.edu/fall-2019-issue-i-volume-cxvii/second-looks |access-date=March 26, 2020 |website=Swarthmore Bulletin |quote=In 1929, Gillingham met neurologist Samuel T. Orton, a pioneer in the field of learning disabilities, and soon after joined him on a research fellowship. Gillingham collaborated with Bessie W. Stillman to turn some of Orton’s ideas into practical form with the Gillingham–Stillman manual, also known as the Orton–Gillingham method, a multisensory phonics technique for remedial reading instruction.}}</ref> == Aiwatarwa == Cibiyar Kimiyyar Ilimi (wani sashe mai zaman kansa, mai zaman kansa, mai zaman kansa, mai ƙididdiga, bincike, da kimantawa na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka), ta bayyana hanyar kamar haka: "Orton-Gillingham wata hanya ce mai faɗi, mai amfani da ji da ji da yawa don koyar da karatu da haruffa waɗanda za a iya gyara su don koyarwar mutum ɗaya ko rukuni a kowane matakin karatu. Zaman koyarwa yana mai da hankali kan ayyuka tare da abubuwan ji, gani, da na motsa jiki waɗanda ke ƙarfafa juna. Hanyar tana mai da hankali kan mutane masu nau'ikan matsalolin sarrafa harshe (karatu, haruffan rubutu, da rubutu) da ke da alaƙa da dyslexia." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unbranded Orton-Gillingham-based Interventions, What works clearinghouse, July 2010 |url=https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/EvidenceSnapshot/528}}</ref> A cewar Rose da Zirkel, shirye-shiryen OG galibi "suna amfani da hanyar fahimtar abubuwa da yawa don koyar da mahimman ra'ayoyi na haruffa, rubutu, da karatu kuma suna ci gaba da ginawa akan ƙwarewa da aka ƙware." Nau'ikan OG "sun ɗauki nau'ikan shirye-shiryen kasuwanci sama da 15 da makarantu masu zaman kansu da yawa ga ɗaliban da ke da nakasa." <ref name="RoseZirkel2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rose |first=Tessie E. |last2=Zirkel |first2=Perry |date=November 2007 |title=Orton-Gillingham Methodology for Students With Reading Disabilities: 30 Years of Case Law |journal=The Journal of Special Education |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=171–185 |doi=10.1177/00224669070410030301 |s2cid=1204397 |id={{ERIC|EJ785952}} {{ProQuest|194716470}} |quote=As several reviewers have pointed out, the research studies to date have not sufficiently validated the multisensory component that is the core of O-G programs (Moats & Farrell, 1999; Sanders, 2001), nor have they provided scientific support for its effectiveness (Ritchey & Goeke, 2006). The purpose here is not to demonstrate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of O-G programs, but to reveal the gap that persists between professional advocacy for O-G and the need for scientifically based and peer-reviewed research.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Bincike kan ingancinsa == A shekara ta 2000, Kwamitin Karatu na Ƙasa ya haɗa da hanyar Orton-Gillingham a cikin bincikensu, "Koyar da Yara su Karatu: Kimantawa bisa Shaida na Adabin Bincike na Kimiyya kan Karatu da Tasirinsa ga Koyarwar Karatu." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Langenberg, Ph.D |first=Daniel |title=Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/nrp/Documents/report.pdf |access-date=26 May 2016 |website=National Reading Panel}}</ref> Kwamitin ya goyi bayan mahimmancin bayar da koyarwar aji a fannin wayar da kan jama'a game da sautuka, sautuka, iya magana, ƙamus, da fahimta. Cibiyar Binciken Karatu ta Florida ta ruwaito a shekara ta 2006 cewa ba ta iya gano wani bincike na gwaji da ke bincika ingancin hanyar ba musamman kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin kayan horo na Orton-Gillingham. Don haka babu wata shaidar bincike kai tsaye da za ta tantance ingancinta, kodayake akwai nau'ikan bincike na hanyoyin da aka samo asali waɗanda suka haɗa da fannoni na Orton-Gillingham tare da wasu dabaru. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Orton-Gillingham Approach |url=http://www.fcrr.org/FCRRreports/PDF/Orton_Gillingham_Approach.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Florida Center for Reading Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304092910/http://www.fcrr.org/FCRRreports/PDF/Orton_Gillingham_Approach.pdf |archive-date=2007-03-04 |access-date=2007-05-23}}</ref> Bayanin dukkan binciken da aka ruwaito game da hanyoyin Orton-Gillingham da aka samo asali, kamar Alphabetic Phonics ko Project Read, ya bayyana bincike goma sha biyu kacal tare da sakamako marasa daidaituwa da kuma kurakurai iri-iri na hanyoyin. Duk da waɗannan sakamakon, labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da binciken da ake da shi, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi sosai zai nuna wasu shaidu na fa'ida daga amfani da hanyoyin OG a aji tare da ɗaliban aji na farko, da kuma amfani da su a cikin [[Ilimi Na Musamman|ilimin musamman]] ko ɗakunan albarkatu tare da yara manya masu nakasa ta ilmantarwa . <ref name="Ritchey2006">{{Cite journal |last=Ritchey |first=Kristen D. |last2=Goeke |first2=Jennifer L. |date=November 2006 |title=Orton-Gillingham and Orton-Gillingham—Based Reading Instruction: A Review of the Literature |journal=The Journal of Special Education |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=171–183 |doi=10.1177/00224669060400030501 |s2cid=16132344}}</ref> A bisa wani bita da aka yi kan wallafe-wallafen da aka buga a shekarar 2008, har yanzu ba a tabbatar da ingancinsa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Turner, III |first=Herbert M. |date=June 2008 |title=This systematic review empirically documents that the effectiveness of Orton-Gillingham and Orton-Gillingham-based reading instruction remains to be determined1 |journal=Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=67–69 |doi=10.1080/17489530802037564 |s2cid=217535920}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2010, wata hukumar ilimi ta Amurka ta bayar da rahoton cewa ba ta sami wani bincike da ya cika ka'idojin shaidarta ba don tallafawa ingancin dabarun da suka dogara da Orton-Gillingham. <ref name="WWC2010">{{Cite web |date=July 2010 |title=Orton-Gillingham-based Strategies |url=https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=WWCIRSLDOG10 |publisher=US Dept of Education |quote=Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels. Teaching sessions are action oriented with auditory, visual, and kinesthetic elements reinforcing one another. The approach targets persons with the kinds of language processing problems (reading, spelling, and writing) associated with dyslexia. |agency=What Works Clearinghouse}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] hdrb3wyatbfshiqilxmgs0g5r5mkbac 885194 885193 2026-07-20T11:12:23Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Hanyar '''Orton-Gillingham''' wata dabara ce ta sauti mai yawa don koyar da [[karatu]] gyare-gyare da aka haɓaka a farkon karni na 20. Ana yin shi a matsayin hanyar kai tsaye, bayyane, fahimta, tarawa, da kuma tsarin ji da yawa. Duk da yake an fi danganta shi da koyar da mutane da ke fama da [[Rashin jituwa|dyslexia]], an yi amfani da shi ga mutanen da ba su da dyslexic suna koyon karatu, rubutu, da rubutu. A Amurka, shirye-shiryen kasuwanci sama da 15 da kuma makarantu masu zaman kansu da yawa suna inganta shi don dalibai da ke da [[Rashin jituwa|dyslexia]] da nakasa na ilmantarwa. ''Kwalejin Orton-Gillingham'', wacce aka fi sani da "Orton Society", tana ba da takardar shaidar mutanen da suka halarci shirin horo tare da wani memba na OGA kuma waɗanda suka kammala aikin gwaji da aka sa ido a kai. Wannan kwamitin ba da takardar shaidar yana da takardar shaidar a ƙarƙashin Hukumar Kula da Masu Rijista ta NYS. == Orton da Gillingham == Samuel Torrey Orton (1879–1948), masanin ilimin tabin hankali da kuma [[Ilimin Cututtuka|likitan cututtuka]] a Jami'ar Columbia, ya yi nazarin yara masu matsalolin sarrafa harshe kamar [[Rashin jituwa|dyslexia]] . Tare da [[malami]] kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam [[Anna Gillingham]] (1878–1963), ya ƙirƙiri dabarun koyar da karatu, waɗanda ke haɗa dabarun koyo na motsa jiki (bisa ga motsi) da kuma dabarun taɓawa (bisa ga ji) tare da koyar da ra'ayoyin gani da na ji. <ref name="RoseZirkel2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rose |first=Tessie E. |last2=Zirkel |first2=Perry |date=November 2007 |title=Orton-Gillingham Methodology for Students With Reading Disabilities: 30 Years of Case Law |journal=The Journal of Special Education |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=171–185 |doi=10.1177/00224669070410030301 |s2cid=1204397 |id={{ERIC|EJ785952}} {{ProQuest|194716470}} |quote=As several reviewers have pointed out, the research studies to date have not sufficiently validated the multisensory component that is the core of O-G programs (Moats & Farrell, 1999; Sanders, 2001), nor have they provided scientific support for its effectiveness (Ritchey & Goeke, 2006). The purpose here is not to demonstrate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of O-G programs, but to reveal the gap that persists between professional advocacy for O-G and the need for scientifically based and peer-reviewed research.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> A shekarar 1935, Gillingham, tare da tsohon abokin aikinta [[Bessie Stillman]], sun buga littafin Gillingham-Stillman, ''Horarwa kan Gyaran Jiki ga Yara Masu Nakasa ta Musamman a Karatu, Rubutu da Rubutun Rubutu'' . Wannan yanzu ana kiransa da hanyar Orton-Gillingham (OG), "dabarar sauti mai ji da gani don koyar da karatu na gyara." <ref name="Swarthmore">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=How a Class of 1900 alumna influenced dyslexia research |url=https://bulletin.swarthmore.edu/fall-2019-issue-i-volume-cxvii/second-looks |access-date=March 26, 2020 |website=Swarthmore Bulletin |quote=In 1929, Gillingham met neurologist Samuel T. Orton, a pioneer in the field of learning disabilities, and soon after joined him on a research fellowship. Gillingham collaborated with Bessie W. Stillman to turn some of Orton’s ideas into practical form with the Gillingham–Stillman manual, also known as the Orton–Gillingham method, a multisensory phonics technique for remedial reading instruction.}}</ref> == Aiwatarwa == Cibiyar Kimiyyar Ilimi (wani sashe mai zaman kansa, mai zaman kansa, mai zaman kansa, mai ƙididdiga, bincike, da kimantawa na Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta Amurka), ta bayyana hanyar kamar haka: "Orton-Gillingham wata hanya ce mai faɗi, mai amfani da ji da ji da yawa don koyar da karatu da haruffa waɗanda za a iya gyara su don koyarwar mutum ɗaya ko rukuni a kowane matakin karatu. Zaman koyarwa yana mai da hankali kan ayyuka tare da abubuwan ji, gani, da na motsa jiki waɗanda ke ƙarfafa juna. Hanyar tana mai da hankali kan mutane masu nau'ikan matsalolin sarrafa harshe (karatu, haruffan rubutu, da rubutu) da ke da alaƙa da dyslexia." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unbranded Orton-Gillingham-based Interventions, What works clearinghouse, July 2010 |url=https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/EvidenceSnapshot/528}}</ref> A cewar Rose da Zirkel, shirye-shiryen OG galibi "suna amfani da hanyar fahimtar abubuwa da yawa don koyar da mahimman ra'ayoyi na haruffa, rubutu, da karatu kuma suna ci gaba da ginawa akan ƙwarewa da aka ƙware." Nau'ikan OG "sun ɗauki nau'ikan shirye-shiryen kasuwanci sama da 15 da makarantu masu zaman kansu da yawa ga ɗaliban da ke da nakasa." <ref name="RoseZirkel2007">{{Cite journal |last=Rose |first=Tessie E. |last2=Zirkel |first2=Perry |date=November 2007 |title=Orton-Gillingham Methodology for Students With Reading Disabilities: 30 Years of Case Law |journal=The Journal of Special Education |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=171–185 |doi=10.1177/00224669070410030301 |s2cid=1204397 |id={{ERIC|EJ785952}} {{ProQuest|194716470}} |quote=As several reviewers have pointed out, the research studies to date have not sufficiently validated the multisensory component that is the core of O-G programs (Moats & Farrell, 1999; Sanders, 2001), nor have they provided scientific support for its effectiveness (Ritchey & Goeke, 2006). The purpose here is not to demonstrate the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of O-G programs, but to reveal the gap that persists between professional advocacy for O-G and the need for scientifically based and peer-reviewed research.}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> == Bincike kan ingancinsa == A shekara ta 2000, Kwamitin Karatu na Ƙasa ya haɗa da hanyar Orton-Gillingham a cikin bincikensu, "Koyar da Yara su Karatu: Kimantawa bisa Shaida na Adabin Bincike na Kimiyya kan Karatu da Tasirinsa ga Koyarwar Karatu." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Langenberg, Ph.D |first=Daniel |title=Teaching Children to Read: An Evidence-Based Assessment of the Scientific Research Literature on Reading and Its Implications for Reading Instruction |url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/sites/default/files/publications/pubs/nrp/Documents/report.pdf |access-date=26 May 2016 |website=National Reading Panel}}</ref> Kwamitin ya goyi bayan mahimmancin bayar da koyarwar aji a fannin wayar da kan jama'a game da sautuka, sautuka, iya magana, ƙamus, da fahimta. Cibiyar Binciken Karatu ta Florida ta ruwaito a shekara ta 2006 cewa ba ta iya gano wani bincike na gwaji da ke bincika ingancin hanyar ba musamman kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin kayan horo na Orton-Gillingham. Don haka babu wata shaidar bincike kai tsaye da za ta tantance ingancinta, kodayake akwai nau'ikan bincike na hanyoyin da aka samo asali waɗanda suka haɗa da fannoni na Orton-Gillingham tare da wasu dabaru. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Orton-Gillingham Approach |url=http://www.fcrr.org/FCRRreports/PDF/Orton_Gillingham_Approach.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=Florida Center for Reading Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304092910/http://www.fcrr.org/FCRRreports/PDF/Orton_Gillingham_Approach.pdf |archive-date=2007-03-04 |access-date=2007-05-23}}</ref> Bayanin dukkan binciken da aka ruwaito game da hanyoyin Orton-Gillingham da aka samo asali, kamar Alphabetic Phonics ko Project Read, ya bayyana bincike goma sha biyu kacal tare da sakamako marasa daidaituwa da kuma kurakurai iri-iri na hanyoyin. Duk da waɗannan sakamakon, labarin ya ba da cikakken bayani game da binciken da ake da shi, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi sosai zai nuna wasu shaidu na fa'ida daga amfani da hanyoyin OG a aji tare da ɗaliban aji na farko, da kuma amfani da su a cikin [[Ilimi Na Musamman|ilimin musamman]] ko ɗakunan albarkatu tare da yara manya masu nakasa ta ilmantarwa . <ref name="Ritchey2006">{{Cite journal |last=Ritchey |first=Kristen D. |last2=Goeke |first2=Jennifer L. |date=November 2006 |title=Orton-Gillingham and Orton-Gillingham—Based Reading Instruction: A Review of the Literature |journal=The Journal of Special Education |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=171–183 |doi=10.1177/00224669060400030501 |s2cid=16132344}}</ref> A bisa wani bita da aka yi kan wallafe-wallafen da aka buga a shekarar 2008, har yanzu ba a tabbatar da ingancinsa ba. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Turner, III |first=Herbert M. |date=June 2008 |title=This systematic review empirically documents that the effectiveness of Orton-Gillingham and Orton-Gillingham-based reading instruction remains to be determined1 |journal=Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=67–69 |doi=10.1080/17489530802037564 |s2cid=217535920}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2010, wata hukumar ilimi ta Amurka ta bayar da rahoton cewa ba ta sami wani bincike da ya cika ka'idojin shaidarta ba don tallafawa ingancin dabarun da suka dogara da Orton-Gillingham. <ref name="WWC2010">{{Cite web |date=July 2010 |title=Orton-Gillingham-based Strategies |url=https://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=WWCIRSLDOG10 |publisher=US Dept of Education |quote=Orton-Gillingham is a broad, multisensory approach to teaching reading and spelling that can be modified for individual or group instruction at all reading levels. Teaching sessions are action oriented with auditory, visual, and kinesthetic elements reinforcing one another. The approach targets persons with the kinds of language processing problems (reading, spelling, and writing) associated with dyslexia. |agency=What Works Clearinghouse}}</ref> == Manazarta == [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 2lu9ttqgsy457mdctuellg79w97mfzl 0 161935 885195 2026-07-20T11:15:09Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1339793252|The Blue Coat School, Dudley]]" 885195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makarantar Blue Coat''' makaranta ce ta gauraye da ke Dudley, Ingila. An buɗe ta a shekarar 1869 a cikin gine-gine a Bean Road, ɗaruruwan yadi a gabas da tsakiyar garin Dudley. An faɗaɗa ta a shekarar 1970 don ɗaukar gine-ginen Makarantar Sakandare ta Rosland, Beechwood Road, a kusa da Kates Hill, amma har yanzu ana amfani da wurin Bean Road don wasu darussa har zuwa 1981, lokacin da aka ayyana ta a matsayin wacce ba ta da aiki bayan shekaru 112 kuma aka sayar da ita don samar da hanyar gina gidaje. An fara buɗe makarantar sakandare ta Rosland a shekarar 1932, inda aka gina sabbin gidajen kansiloli waɗanda aka gina a matsayin ƙarin yankin Kates Hill na ƙarni na 19. Wataƙila ɗalibin da ya fi shahara a cikinsu shi ne ɗan wasan barkwanci ɗan Birtaniya Lenny Henry, wanda ya halarta daga 1969 zuwa 1974. Robert Hawthorne, mai sharhi kan talabijin na Sky Sports, shi ma ɗalibi ne daga 1977 zuwa 1981, James Whale kuma ɗalibi ne a shekarun 1910. A al'ada, makarantar tana da shekaru 11 na shiga, amma a watan Satumba na 1972 aka sake tsara ta zuwa makaranta mai shekaru 12-16 (ta sami cikakken matsayi shekaru uku bayan haka) kuma wannan shekarun ya ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe makarantar. Zuwa shekarar 1988, makomar makarantar ta kasance cikin barazana domin Dudley MBC ta sanya mata suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantun da ake tunanin rufewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin ilimi a gundumar. A ƙarshe an rufe Makarantar Blue Coat a watan Agusta na 1989 lokacin da ta haɗu da Makarantar Dudley don kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta Castle, kodayake gine-ginen Blue Coat sun ci gaba da amfani da su a shekarar karatu ta 1989/90 don ɗaukar tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin shekaru biyu waɗanda suka taɓa zama a Blue Coat. A lokacin da Blue Coat a matsayin wata makaranta daban ta rufe ƙofofinta a karo na ƙarshe a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1989, ɗalibai 334 ne kawai suka shiga shirin (matsakaicin ɗalibai 83 ko 84 a kowace shekara) kuma an ɗauki rufewar a matsayin dole saboda ta yi ƙanƙanta ga ƙa'idodin makarantun sakandare na zamani kuma wurin ya yi tsauri don duk wani faɗaɗa mai yawa; sake buɗe makarantun sakandare na Dudley ga yara 'yan shekara 11 a watan Satumba na 1990 zai haifar da ƙarin matsaloli wajen ɗaukar ƙarin ɗalibai a makarantar. An rufe ƙofofin ga ɗalibai a karon ƙarshe a watan Yulin 1990, lokacin da ƙungiyar da ta fi tsufa a shekararta ta kammala karatun sakandare, kuma ƙungiyar da ke ƙasa ta koma babban wurin Castle High don shekarar ƙarshe ta karatun sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1985, majalisar Dudley ta yi la'akari da ƙirƙirar sabuwar makaranta mai suna Makarantar Ednam ta hanyar haɗakar Makarantar Dudley da aƙalla wata ƙaramar makarantar sakandare ɗaya a garin - kuma Makarantar Blue Coat ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin makarantun da aka ambata a cikin waɗannan tsare-tsaren. Duk da haka, lokacin da shekarar karatu ta 1988/89 ta fara, makomar Blue Coat har yanzu ba ta da tabbas kuma akwai ma wata shawara cewa za ta iya haɗuwa da Makarantar Sir Gilbert Claughton . Duk da haka, an yanke shawara a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1988 cewa Blue Coat da Makarantar Dudley za su haɗu don kafa sabuwar makaranta don ta mai da hankali a wurin Makarantar Dudley. An sake amfani da gine-ginen da ke kan titin Beechwood a shekarar 1991 a matsayin tushen cibiyar sadarwa ta St Thomas's Community Network, wadda aka rufe a watan Satumba na 2015 kuma aka rushe ta bayan shekara guda. Tun daga lokacin an maye gurbin wurin da aka gina a kan titin Beechwood da wani sabon ginin gidaje mai suna Blue Coat Drive. == Manazarta == ncu2xkcdigrx42hjg6hmlxmbdmv1k15 885196 885195 2026-07-20T11:15:31Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Blue Coat''' makaranta ce ta gauraye da ke Dudley, Ingila. An buɗe ta a shekarar 1869 a cikin gine-gine a Bean Road, ɗaruruwan yadi a gabas da tsakiyar garin Dudley. An faɗaɗa ta a shekarar 1970 don ɗaukar gine-ginen Makarantar Sakandare ta Rosland, Beechwood Road, a kusa da Kates Hill, amma har yanzu ana amfani da wurin Bean Road don wasu darussa har zuwa 1981, lokacin da aka ayyana ta a matsayin wacce ba ta da aiki bayan shekaru 112 kuma aka sayar da ita don samar da hanyar gina gidaje. An fara buɗe makarantar sakandare ta Rosland a shekarar 1932, inda aka gina sabbin gidajen kansiloli waɗanda aka gina a matsayin ƙarin yankin Kates Hill na ƙarni na 19. Wataƙila ɗalibin da ya fi shahara a cikinsu shi ne ɗan wasan barkwanci ɗan Birtaniya Lenny Henry, wanda ya halarta daga 1969 zuwa 1974. Robert Hawthorne, mai sharhi kan talabijin na Sky Sports, shi ma ɗalibi ne daga 1977 zuwa 1981, James Whale kuma ɗalibi ne a shekarun 1910. A al'ada, makarantar tana da shekaru 11 na shiga, amma a watan Satumba na 1972 aka sake tsara ta zuwa makaranta mai shekaru 12-16 (ta sami cikakken matsayi shekaru uku bayan haka) kuma wannan shekarun ya ci gaba da kasancewa har zuwa lokacin da aka rufe makarantar. Zuwa shekarar 1988, makomar makarantar ta kasance cikin barazana domin Dudley MBC ta sanya mata suna a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin makarantun da ake tunanin rufewa a matsayin wani ɓangare na sake fasalin ilimi a gundumar. A ƙarshe an rufe Makarantar Blue Coat a watan Agusta na 1989 lokacin da ta haɗu da Makarantar Dudley don kafa Makarantar Sakandare ta Castle, kodayake gine-ginen Blue Coat sun ci gaba da amfani da su a shekarar karatu ta 1989/90 don ɗaukar tsofaffin ƙungiyoyin shekaru biyu waɗanda suka taɓa zama a Blue Coat. A lokacin da Blue Coat a matsayin wata makaranta daban ta rufe ƙofofinta a karo na ƙarshe a ranar 14 ga Yuli, 1989, ɗalibai 334 ne kawai suka shiga shirin (matsakaicin ɗalibai 83 ko 84 a kowace shekara) kuma an ɗauki rufewar a matsayin dole saboda ta yi ƙanƙanta ga ƙa'idodin makarantun sakandare na zamani kuma wurin ya yi tsauri don duk wani faɗaɗa mai yawa; sake buɗe makarantun sakandare na Dudley ga yara 'yan shekara 11 a watan Satumba na 1990 zai haifar da ƙarin matsaloli wajen ɗaukar ƙarin ɗalibai a makarantar. An rufe ƙofofin ga ɗalibai a karon ƙarshe a watan Yulin 1990, lokacin da ƙungiyar da ta fi tsufa a shekararta ta kammala karatun sakandare, kuma ƙungiyar da ke ƙasa ta koma babban wurin Castle High don shekarar ƙarshe ta karatun sakandare. A watan Disamba na shekarar 1985, majalisar Dudley ta yi la'akari da ƙirƙirar sabuwar makaranta mai suna Makarantar Ednam ta hanyar haɗakar Makarantar Dudley da aƙalla wata ƙaramar makarantar sakandare ɗaya a garin - kuma Makarantar Blue Coat ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin makarantun da aka ambata a cikin waɗannan tsare-tsaren. Duk da haka, lokacin da shekarar karatu ta 1988/89 ta fara, makomar Blue Coat har yanzu ba ta da tabbas kuma akwai ma wata shawara cewa za ta iya haɗuwa da Makarantar Sir Gilbert Claughton . Duk da haka, an yanke shawara a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1988 cewa Blue Coat da Makarantar Dudley za su haɗu don kafa sabuwar makaranta don ta mai da hankali a wurin Makarantar Dudley. An sake amfani da gine-ginen da ke kan titin Beechwood a shekarar 1991 a matsayin tushen cibiyar sadarwa ta St Thomas's Community Network, wadda aka rufe a watan Satumba na 2015 kuma aka rushe ta bayan shekara guda. Tun daga lokacin an maye gurbin wurin da aka gina a kan titin Beechwood da wani sabon ginin gidaje mai suna Blue Coat Drive. == Manazarta == grv62d2bx9nugxxtzaquvzklhuay7b9 0 161936 885197 2026-07-20T11:17:34Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356083088|Help at Any Cost]]" 885197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Taimako a Komai Kudinsa: Yadda Masana'antar Matasa Masu Fuskantar Matsaloli Iyaye da Rauni Yara''''' littafi ne na almara wanda Maia Szalavitz ta wallafa, yana nazarin takaddamar da ke tattare da [[Masana'antar matasa da ke fama da matsala|masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli]] . An buga littafin a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2006, ta Riverhead Books . Szalavitz ya mayar da hankali kan shirye-shirye guda huɗu: Straight, Incorporated, kwafin shirin Straight Inc. mai suna KIDS, sansanin boot na North Star, da kuma [[Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman da Makarantu ta Duniya]] . Ta tattauna tarihi, tarihi da hanyoyin masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli, gami da dabarun da aka samo daga maganin kai hari da Synanon . Ta yi amfani da bayanan mutum-mutumi da shaidar kotu a cikin bincikenta, kuma ta bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da tasiri. Littafin ya kuma haɗa da shawara ga iyaye da ƙarin bayani game da yadda ake samun taimako mai alhaki ga matasa. Littafin ya sami sharhi mai kyau a mujallun ilimi, mujallun adabi, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Steve KD Eichel ya sake duba littafin ''Cult Studies Review'' kuma ya kira shi "wajibi ne a karanta", <ref name="eichel">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Eichel|2006}}</ref> masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Robert John McAllister ya bayyana shi a matsayin "littafi mai kyau da kuma bayanai kan batun 'masana'antar matasa masu matsala'&nbsp;"a cikin littafinsa ''Emotions: Mystery Or Madness'', <ref name="mcallister">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAllister|2007}}</ref> da kuma sharhi a cikin ''Psychology Today'' sun bayyana aikin Szalavitz a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi da tunani". <ref name="psychologytoday">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Psychology Today staff|2006}}</ref> Littafin ya kuma sami sharhi mai kyau a cikin ''Publishers Weekly'', ''Booklist'', da ''Newsday'' . Daga baya littafin ya jagoranci binciken masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli ta Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, kuma Wakili George Miller ya gudanar da zaman sauraren ra'ayoyi kan lamarin a watan Oktoba na 2007 da Afrilu 2008. == Bayani == Matasa suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen gyara halayen soyayya masu tsauri ta hanyar ƙarfi ko tilastawa tun daga shekarun 1960. <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Yawancin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna faruwa ne a cikin daji a cikin salon horar da sojoji (wanda kuma aka sani da sansanin boot) kuma matasan suna fuskantar horo mai tsauri, gami da yin tattaki na dole, [[Cin zarafin jiki|cin zarafi ta jiki]], [[Tsayawa kadai|tsare su kaɗai]], da hana abinci da barci. <ref name="beck" /> <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Waɗannan shirye-shiryen ba su da wani kulawa ko kaɗan daga gwamnatocin tarayya ko na jihohi na Amurka. <ref name="beck" /> Ba a binciki ikirarin matasa na cin zarafi a waɗannan wurare ba saboda ba a tsara shirye-shiryen ba. <ref name="beck" /> == Marubuci == Maia Szalavitz babbar abokiyar aiki ce a Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kididdiga (stats.org), <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> wata kungiya mai sa ido kan kafofin [[Kafofin yada labarai|watsa labarai]] wadda ke sa ido kan labaran kididdiga da kimiyya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga dan jarida Bill Moyers, mai ba da gudummawa na ɗan lokaci ga ''Psychology Today'', <ref name="psychologytoday">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Psychology Today staff|2006}}</ref> kuma ta rubuta labarai ga ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Reason'', da ''The American Prospect'' . <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> Szalavitz ita ce marubucin ''Recovery Options: The Complete Guide'' tare da Joseph Volpicelli, da ''The Boy Who Was Resored as a Dog'' tare da Bruce D. Perry . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Bruce D. Perry}}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke ciki == A cikin ''shirin Help at Any Cost,'' Szalavitz ya binciki masana'antar gyaran matasa kuma ya mai da hankali kan shirye-shirye guda huɗu: Straight, Incorporated, kwafin shirin Straight Inc. mai suna [[KIDS of Bergen County|KIDS na Gundumar Bergen]], sansanin horar da 'yan wasa na North Star, da kuma [[Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman da Makarantu ta Duniya|Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman ta Duniya]] . <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna kashe iyaye sama da dala 2,000 a kowane wata. <ref name="publishers">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Publishers Weekly staff|2006}}</ref> Ta tattauna tarihin masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli da kuma asalinta a cikin wata ƙungiya mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da aka kafa a 1958 mai suna Synanon . Synanon ta yi iƙirarin cewa za ta iya magance jarabar heroin, da hanyoyinta kamar maganin kai hari, ikirari da aka tilasta, da kuma rashin ƙarfi da aka sanya a ko'ina cikin Amurka. <ref name="werner" /> Bayan an sanya [[Rattlesnake|maciji mai kama]] da maciji a cikin akwatin gidan waya na lauyan da ke ƙarar Synanon, an yanke wa wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar hukuncin laifin haɗa kai don aikata kisan kai. <ref name="werner" /> Synanon daga baya ya fatara, amma Szalavitz ya dage cewa ya rinjayi ƙungiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli. <ref name="werner" /> Szalavitz ya lura cewa bisa ga wata sanarwa ta 2004 da Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa suka fitar, shirye-shiryen matasa da ke amfani da "tsoro da magani mai tsauri" ba su yi nasara ba kuma shaidu sun nuna cewa suna iya ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin ɗabi'a da ake da su a yanzu. Yawancin yaran da ke shiga waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da cututtukan tabin hankali, kuma suna da tarihin [[Raunin kwakwalwa|rauni]] da cin zarafi a baya. Szalavitz ya yi amfani da bayanan mutum-mutumi daga matasan da suka shiga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryen suna da mummunan sakamako, <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> gami da [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|damuwa bayan rauni]] da mutuwa. <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Wani labari mai ratsa zuciya a cikin littafin ya ba da labarin mutuwar Aaron Bacon mai shekaru 16. Bacon yana da ciwon mara mai magani, kuma ya mutu bayan ya fita daji a [[Utah]] na tsawon makonni yayin da yake kula da ƙungiyar North Star. <ref name="karbo" /> Bacon ya rasa {{Convert|23|lb|kg}} a cikin kwanaki 20, amma an kira shi "ɗan luwaɗi" kuma "mai ƙarya" lokacin da ya yi korafin ciwon ciki, kuma masu kula da North Star sun hukunta shi - an kwace masa jakar barcinsa da abincinsa. <ref name="karbo" /> An tuhumi mutanen da ke da alhakin kisan kai ba tare da kulawa ba, amma ba a ɗaura musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku ba. <ref name="karbo" /> Baya ga waɗannan labaran mutum-mutumin farko, ta kuma haɗa rahotannin kotu da shaidu a cikin bincikenta. Szalavitz ta nuna ayyukan da ke kawo cece-kuce da waɗannan shirye-shiryen masana'antar matasa masu taurin kai ke amfani da su waɗanda Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta haramta a matsayin waɗanda suka fi tsauri ga fursunonin yaƙi . <ref name="sauer" /> Ta bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa kowace daga cikin shirye-shiryen tana da tasiri. <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> An aika wa iyaye wasu sassan littafin kuma an ba da albarkatu da shawarwari kan yadda za a zaɓi mafi kyawun zaɓi maimakon shirye-shirye a cikin masana'antar matasa masu taurin kai, <ref name="beck" /> kuma littafin ya haɗa da ƙarin bayani da nufin ilmantar da iyaye kan yadda za su sami taimako ga matasansu. <ref name="publishers">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Publishers Weekly staff|2006}}</ref> == Liyafar maraba == A cikin littafinsa ''Emotions: Mystery or Madness'', masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Robert John McAllister ya ba da shawarar sosai ga ''Help at Any Cost'', kuma ya kira shi "littafi mai kyau da ilimi kan batun 'masana'antar matasa masu matsala'&nbsp;", da kuma "muhimmin karatu ga duk wani iyaye da ke tunanin tura matashi zuwa wani shiri na soyayya mai wahala, sansanin 'yan makaranta, ko shirin jeji." <ref name="mcallister">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAllister|2007}}</ref> A cikin wani sharhin littafin a cikin ''Library Journal'', Linda Beck ta yi tsokaci: "Wannan littafin yana da kyau saboda tsarinsa na fallasa abubuwa: yana fallasa masana'antu mara tsari kuma yana sanar da manya game da mummunan cutar da waɗannan 'makarantu' ke haifarwa."&nbsp;" <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Ta kira littafin "mai sanyaya rai" da kuma "An ba da shawarar sosai ga ɗakunan karatu na jama'a." <ref name="beck" /> A cikin wani sharhi da Nell Bernstein ta yi a cikin littafin ''Mother Jones'', ta yi tsokaci kan tushen da aka bayar ga iyaye a bayan littafin, tana mai cewa: " ''Help at Any Cost'' ya ƙare da wani ƙarin bayani wanda ke nuna madadin "bisa ga shaida" maimakon hanyar soyayya mai tauri." <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Steve Weinberg na ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' ya ba wa littafin kyakkyawan sharhi, kuma ya bayyana Szavalitz a matsayin "mai bincike mai hazaka, mai haƙuri." Ya lura: "Fushinta yakan bayyana sau da yawa yayin da yara ke mutuwa, yayin da ake lalata iyalai masu ƙaunar juna a da kuma yayin da 'yan kasuwa matasa masu fama da matsala ke tserewa daga shari'a yayin da suke amfani da hanyoyin shari'a don shawo kan ƙararrakin kotunan farar hula suna neman diyya", kuma ya bayyana ''Help at Any Cost'' a matsayin "littafi mai mahimmanci game da masana'antar da wani lokacin ke taimaka wa matasa masu fama da matsala amma tana haifar da lahani sau da yawa." <ref name="weinberg" /> Wani sharhi a cikin littafin ''Psychology Today'' ya kira littafin "Bayyana wani abu mai ban tsoro game da kasuwancin da ke tasowa na sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da cibiyoyin gyaran miyagun ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke alƙawarin gyara matasa masu fama da matsaloli", kuma ya bayyana aikin Szalavitz a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi da tunani mai zurfi". <ref name="psychologytoday" /> Vanessa Bush na ''Booklist'' ta siffanta littafin a matsayin "wani kallo mai ban mamaki, wanda wani lokacin yana da ban tsoro ga masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli." <ref name="bush">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bush|2006}}</ref> ''Publishers Weekly'' ta lura: "Tare da ƙarin bayani mai amfani game da lokacin da kuma yadda za a sami taimako mai mahimmanci ga matashi mai fama da matsala, wannan littafin, wanda ke cike da bayanan mutum na farko, ya kamata a buƙaci a karanta shi a cikin Parenting 101", yana kiran aikin "nazarin ƙarfin hali &#x2014; idan yana da ban tsoro &#x2014; na masana'antar soyayya mai ƙarfi". <ref name="publishers" /> Karen Karbo, marubucin ''The Stuff of Life'', ta yi wa littafin sharhi mai kyau a cikin ''Newsday'', tana rubutawa: "Binciken Maia Szalavitz mai sauri game da shirye-shiryen magance matsalolin soyayya masu tsauri na Amurka, waɗanda ke ɗaukar kansu a matsayin bege na ƙarshe ga matasa masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, da ba su da iko, da ba su da wayo sosai, bincike mai kyau da kuma daidaito." Mark Sauer na ''The San Diego Union-Tribune'' ya lura: "Wasu daga cikin labaran sun nuna cin zarafi na jiki da na tunani wanda ya yi karo da labaran gidan yarin Abu Ghraib na Iraki." == Bayan haka == ''Taimako a Duk Wani Kuɗi'' ya yi nasarar jawo hankali kan mace-macen da suka shafi sakaci a fannin lafiya da cin zarafin yara a masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli. <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2007, Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ya gudanar da cikakken zaman sauraron bincike na kwamiti wanda Wakili George Miller ya jagoranta kan "Lamunin Sakacin Yara da Cin Zarafi a Cibiyoyin Kula da Gidaje Masu Zaman Kansu". <ref name="ascribe" /> Ofishin Kula da Hakkin Gwamnati ya gabatar da sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar kan masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli, kuma iyayen matasa da suka mutu a ƙarƙashin kulawar waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun ba da shaida a zaman sauraron. <ref name="ascribe" /> Maia Szalavitz ita ma ta halarci zaman sauraron. <ref name="ascribe" /> Bayan buga littafin, Szalavitz ya ci gaba da rubuta game da takaddamar da ke tattare da masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli ta Sabis na Ƙididdigewa, ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Reason'', da ''The American Prospect'' . <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ya gudanar da ƙarin zaman sauraren ƙararraki kan lamarin a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, wanda kuma Wakili George Miller ya jagoranta. == Manazarta == *   * {{Cite magazine|url-status=79–82}} *   *   *   *   * {{Cite journal |date=March–April 2006 |title=Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled-Teen Industry Cons Parents and Hurts Kids |journal=[[Psychology Today]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |page=36 |ref={{harvid|Psychology Today staff|2006}}}} * {{Cite magazine|url-status=51–52}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] q2g0ju7j9pkrhk65i1nh4cgsewqsgk4 885198 885197 2026-07-20T11:18:01Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Taimako a Komai Kudinsa: Yadda Masana'antar Matasa Masu Fuskantar Matsaloli Iyaye da Rauni Yara''''' littafi ne na almara wanda Maia Szalavitz ta wallafa, yana nazarin takaddamar da ke tattare da [[Masana'antar matasa da ke fama da matsala|masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli]] . An buga littafin a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2006, ta Riverhead Books . Szalavitz ya mayar da hankali kan shirye-shirye guda huɗu: Straight, Incorporated, kwafin shirin Straight Inc. mai suna KIDS, sansanin boot na North Star, da kuma [[Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman da Makarantu ta Duniya]] . Ta tattauna tarihi, tarihi da hanyoyin masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli, gami da dabarun da aka samo daga maganin kai hari da Synanon . Ta yi amfani da bayanan mutum-mutumi da shaidar kotu a cikin bincikenta, kuma ta bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da tasiri. Littafin ya kuma haɗa da shawara ga iyaye da ƙarin bayani game da yadda ake samun taimako mai alhaki ga matasa. Littafin ya sami sharhi mai kyau a mujallun ilimi, mujallun adabi, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Steve KD Eichel ya sake duba littafin ''Cult Studies Review'' kuma ya kira shi "wajibi ne a karanta", <ref name="eichel">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Eichel|2006}}</ref> masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Robert John McAllister ya bayyana shi a matsayin "littafi mai kyau da kuma bayanai kan batun 'masana'antar matasa masu matsala'&nbsp;"a cikin littafinsa ''Emotions: Mystery Or Madness'', <ref name="mcallister">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAllister|2007}}</ref> da kuma sharhi a cikin ''Psychology Today'' sun bayyana aikin Szalavitz a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi da tunani". <ref name="psychologytoday">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Psychology Today staff|2006}}</ref> Littafin ya kuma sami sharhi mai kyau a cikin ''Publishers Weekly'', ''Booklist'', da ''Newsday'' . Daga baya littafin ya jagoranci binciken masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli ta Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, kuma Wakili George Miller ya gudanar da zaman sauraren ra'ayoyi kan lamarin a watan Oktoba na 2007 da Afrilu 2008. == Bayani == Matasa suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen gyara halayen soyayya masu tsauri ta hanyar ƙarfi ko tilastawa tun daga shekarun 1960. <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Yawancin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna faruwa ne a cikin daji a cikin salon horar da sojoji (wanda kuma aka sani da sansanin boot) kuma matasan suna fuskantar horo mai tsauri, gami da yin tattaki na dole, [[Cin zarafin jiki|cin zarafi ta jiki]], [[Tsayawa kadai|tsare su kaɗai]], da hana abinci da barci. <ref name="beck" /> <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Waɗannan shirye-shiryen ba su da wani kulawa ko kaɗan daga gwamnatocin tarayya ko na jihohi na Amurka. <ref name="beck" /> Ba a binciki ikirarin matasa na cin zarafi a waɗannan wurare ba saboda ba a tsara shirye-shiryen ba. <ref name="beck" /> == Marubuci == Maia Szalavitz babbar abokiyar aiki ce a Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kididdiga (stats.org), <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> wata kungiya mai sa ido kan kafofin [[Kafofin yada labarai|watsa labarai]] wadda ke sa ido kan labaran kididdiga da kimiyya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga dan jarida Bill Moyers, mai ba da gudummawa na ɗan lokaci ga ''Psychology Today'', <ref name="psychologytoday">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Psychology Today staff|2006}}</ref> kuma ta rubuta labarai ga ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Reason'', da ''The American Prospect'' . <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> Szalavitz ita ce marubucin ''Recovery Options: The Complete Guide'' tare da Joseph Volpicelli, da ''The Boy Who Was Resored as a Dog'' tare da Bruce D. Perry . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Bruce D. Perry}}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke ciki == A cikin ''shirin Help at Any Cost,'' Szalavitz ya binciki masana'antar gyaran matasa kuma ya mai da hankali kan shirye-shirye guda huɗu: Straight, Incorporated, kwafin shirin Straight Inc. mai suna [[KIDS of Bergen County|KIDS na Gundumar Bergen]], sansanin horar da 'yan wasa na North Star, da kuma [[Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman da Makarantu ta Duniya|Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman ta Duniya]] . <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna kashe iyaye sama da dala 2,000 a kowane wata. <ref name="publishers">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Publishers Weekly staff|2006}}</ref> Ta tattauna tarihin masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli da kuma asalinta a cikin wata ƙungiya mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da aka kafa a 1958 mai suna Synanon . Synanon ta yi iƙirarin cewa za ta iya magance jarabar heroin, da hanyoyinta kamar maganin kai hari, ikirari da aka tilasta, da kuma rashin ƙarfi da aka sanya a ko'ina cikin Amurka. <ref name="werner" /> Bayan an sanya [[Rattlesnake|maciji mai kama]] da maciji a cikin akwatin gidan waya na lauyan da ke ƙarar Synanon, an yanke wa wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar hukuncin laifin haɗa kai don aikata kisan kai. <ref name="werner" /> Synanon daga baya ya fatara, amma Szalavitz ya dage cewa ya rinjayi ƙungiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli. <ref name="werner" /> Szalavitz ya lura cewa bisa ga wata sanarwa ta 2004 da Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa suka fitar, shirye-shiryen matasa da ke amfani da "tsoro da magani mai tsauri" ba su yi nasara ba kuma shaidu sun nuna cewa suna iya ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin ɗabi'a da ake da su a yanzu. Yawancin yaran da ke shiga waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da cututtukan tabin hankali, kuma suna da tarihin [[Raunin kwakwalwa|rauni]] da cin zarafi a baya. Szalavitz ya yi amfani da bayanan mutum-mutumi daga matasan da suka shiga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryen suna da mummunan sakamako, <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> gami da [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|damuwa bayan rauni]] da mutuwa. <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Wani labari mai ratsa zuciya a cikin littafin ya ba da labarin mutuwar Aaron Bacon mai shekaru 16. Bacon yana da ciwon mara mai magani, kuma ya mutu bayan ya fita daji a [[Utah]] na tsawon makonni yayin da yake kula da ƙungiyar North Star. <ref name="karbo" /> Bacon ya rasa {{Convert|23|lb|kg}} a cikin kwanaki 20, amma an kira shi "ɗan luwaɗi" kuma "mai ƙarya" lokacin da ya yi korafin ciwon ciki, kuma masu kula da North Star sun hukunta shi - an kwace masa jakar barcinsa da abincinsa. <ref name="karbo" /> An tuhumi mutanen da ke da alhakin kisan kai ba tare da kulawa ba, amma ba a ɗaura musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku ba. <ref name="karbo" /> Baya ga waɗannan labaran mutum-mutumin farko, ta kuma haɗa rahotannin kotu da shaidu a cikin bincikenta. Szalavitz ta nuna ayyukan da ke kawo cece-kuce da waɗannan shirye-shiryen masana'antar matasa masu taurin kai ke amfani da su waɗanda Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta haramta a matsayin waɗanda suka fi tsauri ga fursunonin yaƙi . <ref name="sauer" /> Ta bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa kowace daga cikin shirye-shiryen tana da tasiri. <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> An aika wa iyaye wasu sassan littafin kuma an ba da albarkatu da shawarwari kan yadda za a zaɓi mafi kyawun zaɓi maimakon shirye-shirye a cikin masana'antar matasa masu taurin kai, <ref name="beck" /> kuma littafin ya haɗa da ƙarin bayani da nufin ilmantar da iyaye kan yadda za su sami taimako ga matasansu. <ref name="publishers">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Publishers Weekly staff|2006}}</ref> == Liyafar maraba == A cikin littafinsa ''Emotions: Mystery or Madness'', masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Robert John McAllister ya ba da shawarar sosai ga ''Help at Any Cost'', kuma ya kira shi "littafi mai kyau da ilimi kan batun 'masana'antar matasa masu matsala'&nbsp;", da kuma "muhimmin karatu ga duk wani iyaye da ke tunanin tura matashi zuwa wani shiri na soyayya mai wahala, sansanin 'yan makaranta, ko shirin jeji." <ref name="mcallister">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAllister|2007}}</ref> A cikin wani sharhin littafin a cikin ''Library Journal'', Linda Beck ta yi tsokaci: "Wannan littafin yana da kyau saboda tsarinsa na fallasa abubuwa: yana fallasa masana'antu mara tsari kuma yana sanar da manya game da mummunan cutar da waɗannan 'makarantu' ke haifarwa."&nbsp;" <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Ta kira littafin "mai sanyaya rai" da kuma "An ba da shawarar sosai ga ɗakunan karatu na jama'a." <ref name="beck" /> A cikin wani sharhi da Nell Bernstein ta yi a cikin littafin ''Mother Jones'', ta yi tsokaci kan tushen da aka bayar ga iyaye a bayan littafin, tana mai cewa: " ''Help at Any Cost'' ya ƙare da wani ƙarin bayani wanda ke nuna madadin "bisa ga shaida" maimakon hanyar soyayya mai tauri." <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Steve Weinberg na ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' ya ba wa littafin kyakkyawan sharhi, kuma ya bayyana Szavalitz a matsayin "mai bincike mai hazaka, mai haƙuri." Ya lura: "Fushinta yakan bayyana sau da yawa yayin da yara ke mutuwa, yayin da ake lalata iyalai masu ƙaunar juna a da kuma yayin da 'yan kasuwa matasa masu fama da matsala ke tserewa daga shari'a yayin da suke amfani da hanyoyin shari'a don shawo kan ƙararrakin kotunan farar hula suna neman diyya", kuma ya bayyana ''Help at Any Cost'' a matsayin "littafi mai mahimmanci game da masana'antar da wani lokacin ke taimaka wa matasa masu fama da matsala amma tana haifar da lahani sau da yawa." <ref name="weinberg" /> Wani sharhi a cikin littafin ''Psychology Today'' ya kira littafin "Bayyana wani abu mai ban tsoro game da kasuwancin da ke tasowa na sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da cibiyoyin gyaran miyagun ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke alƙawarin gyara matasa masu fama da matsaloli", kuma ya bayyana aikin Szalavitz a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi da tunani mai zurfi". <ref name="psychologytoday" /> Vanessa Bush na ''Booklist'' ta siffanta littafin a matsayin "wani kallo mai ban mamaki, wanda wani lokacin yana da ban tsoro ga masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli." <ref name="bush">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bush|2006}}</ref> ''Publishers Weekly'' ta lura: "Tare da ƙarin bayani mai amfani game da lokacin da kuma yadda za a sami taimako mai mahimmanci ga matashi mai fama da matsala, wannan littafin, wanda ke cike da bayanan mutum na farko, ya kamata a buƙaci a karanta shi a cikin Parenting 101", yana kiran aikin "nazarin ƙarfin hali &#x2014; idan yana da ban tsoro &#x2014; na masana'antar soyayya mai ƙarfi". <ref name="publishers" /> Karen Karbo, marubucin ''The Stuff of Life'', ta yi wa littafin sharhi mai kyau a cikin ''Newsday'', tana rubutawa: "Binciken Maia Szalavitz mai sauri game da shirye-shiryen magance matsalolin soyayya masu tsauri na Amurka, waɗanda ke ɗaukar kansu a matsayin bege na ƙarshe ga matasa masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, da ba su da iko, da ba su da wayo sosai, bincike mai kyau da kuma daidaito." Mark Sauer na ''The San Diego Union-Tribune'' ya lura: "Wasu daga cikin labaran sun nuna cin zarafi na jiki da na tunani wanda ya yi karo da labaran gidan yarin Abu Ghraib na Iraki." == Bayan haka == ''Taimako a Duk Wani Kuɗi'' ya yi nasarar jawo hankali kan mace-macen da suka shafi sakaci a fannin lafiya da cin zarafin yara a masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli. <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2007, Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ya gudanar da cikakken zaman sauraron bincike na kwamiti wanda Wakili George Miller ya jagoranta kan "Lamunin Sakacin Yara da Cin Zarafi a Cibiyoyin Kula da Gidaje Masu Zaman Kansu". <ref name="ascribe" /> Ofishin Kula da Hakkin Gwamnati ya gabatar da sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar kan masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli, kuma iyayen matasa da suka mutu a ƙarƙashin kulawar waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun ba da shaida a zaman sauraron. <ref name="ascribe" /> Maia Szalavitz ita ma ta halarci zaman sauraron. <ref name="ascribe" /> Bayan buga littafin, Szalavitz ya ci gaba da rubuta game da takaddamar da ke tattare da masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli ta Sabis na Ƙididdigewa, ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Reason'', da ''The American Prospect'' . <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ya gudanar da ƙarin zaman sauraren ƙararraki kan lamarin a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, wanda kuma Wakili George Miller ya jagoranta. == Manazarta == *   * {{Cite magazine|url-status=79–82}} *   *   *   *   * {{Cite journal |date=March–April 2006 |title=Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled-Teen Industry Cons Parents and Hurts Kids |journal=[[Psychology Today]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |page=36 |ref={{harvid|Psychology Today staff|2006}}}} * {{Cite magazine|url-status=51–52}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 95k2hfbdjfc3nxfol27bx567gsqzg4j 885215 885198 2026-07-20T11:38:01Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Taimako a Komai Kudinsa: Yadda Masana'antar Matasa Masu Fuskantar Matsaloli Iyaye da Rauni Yara''''' littafi ne na almara wanda Maia Szalavitz ta wallafa, yana nazarin takaddamar da ke tattare da [[Masana'antar matasa da ke fama da matsala|masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli]] . An buga littafin a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 2006, ta Riverhead Books . Szalavitz ya mayar da hankali kan shirye-shirye guda huɗu: Straight, Incorporated, kwafin shirin Straight Inc. mai suna KIDS, sansanin boot na North Star, da kuma [[Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman da Makarantu ta Duniya]] . Ta tattauna tarihi, tarihi da hanyoyin masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli, gami da dabarun da aka samo daga maganin kai hari da Synanon . Ta yi amfani da bayanan mutum-mutumi da shaidar kotu a cikin bincikenta, kuma ta bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da tasiri. Littafin ya kuma haɗa da shawara ga iyaye da ƙarin bayani game da yadda ake samun taimako mai alhaki ga matasa. Littafin ya sami sharhi mai kyau a mujallun [[ilimi]], mujallun adabi, da kuma kafofin watsa labarai. Masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Steve KD Eichel ya sake duba littafin ''Cult Studies Review'' kuma ya kira shi "wajibi ne a karanta", <ref name="eichel">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Eichel|2006}}</ref> masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Robert John McAllister ya bayyana shi a matsayin "littafi mai kyau da kuma bayanai kan batun 'masana'antar matasa masu matsala'&nbsp;"a cikin littafinsa ''Emotions: Mystery Or Madness'', <ref name="mcallister">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAllister|2007}}</ref> da kuma sharhi a cikin ''Psychology Today'' sun bayyana aikin Szalavitz a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi da tunani". <ref name="psychologytoday">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Psychology Today staff|2006}}</ref> Littafin ya kuma sami sharhi mai kyau a cikin ''Publishers Weekly'', ''Booklist'', da ''Newsday'' . Daga baya littafin ya jagoranci binciken masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli ta Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka, kuma Wakili George Miller ya gudanar da zaman sauraren ra'ayoyi kan lamarin a watan Oktoba na 2007 da Afrilu 2008. == Bayani == Matasa suna shiga cikin shirye-shiryen gyara halayen soyayya masu tsauri ta hanyar ƙarfi ko tilastawa tun daga shekarun 1960. <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Yawancin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna faruwa ne a cikin daji a cikin salon horar da sojoji (wanda kuma aka sani da sansanin boot) kuma matasan suna fuskantar horo mai tsauri, gami da yin tattaki na dole, [[Cin zarafin jiki|cin zarafi ta jiki]], [[Tsayawa kadai|tsare su kaɗai]], da hana abinci da barci. <ref name="beck" /> <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Waɗannan shirye-shiryen ba su da wani kulawa ko kaɗan daga gwamnatocin tarayya ko na jihohi na Amurka. <ref name="beck" /> Ba a binciki ikirarin matasa na cin zarafi a waɗannan wurare ba saboda ba a tsara shirye-shiryen ba. <ref name="beck" /> == Marubuci == Maia Szalavitz babbar abokiyar aiki ce a Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kididdiga (stats.org), <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> wata kungiya mai sa ido kan kafofin [[Kafofin yada labarai|watsa labarai]] wadda ke sa ido kan labaran kididdiga da kimiyya. Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai bincike ga dan jarida Bill Moyers, mai ba da gudummawa na ɗan lokaci ga ''Psychology Today'', <ref name="psychologytoday">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Psychology Today staff|2006}}</ref> kuma ta rubuta labarai ga ''[[New York Times|The New York Times]]'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Reason'', da ''The American Prospect'' . <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> Szalavitz ita ce marubucin ''Recovery Options: The Complete Guide'' tare da Joseph Volpicelli, da ''The Boy Who Was Resored as a Dog'' tare da Bruce D. Perry . <ref>{{Cite book|last3=Bruce D. Perry}}</ref> == Abubuwan da ke ciki == A cikin ''shirin Help at Any Cost,'' Szalavitz ya binciki masana'antar gyaran matasa kuma ya mai da hankali kan shirye-shirye guda huɗu: Straight, Incorporated, kwafin shirin Straight Inc. mai suna [[KIDS of Bergen County|KIDS na Gundumar Bergen]], sansanin horar da 'yan wasa na North Star, da kuma [[Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman da Makarantu ta Duniya|Ƙungiyar Shirye-shiryen Musamman ta Duniya]] . <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Wasu daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna kashe iyaye sama da dala 2,000 a kowane wata. <ref name="publishers">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Publishers Weekly staff|2006}}</ref> Ta tattauna tarihin masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli da kuma asalinta a cikin wata ƙungiya mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce da aka kafa a 1958 mai suna Synanon . Synanon ta yi iƙirarin cewa za ta iya magance jarabar heroin, da hanyoyinta kamar maganin kai hari, ikirari da aka tilasta, da kuma rashin ƙarfi da aka sanya a ko'ina cikin Amurka. <ref name="werner" /> Bayan an sanya [[Rattlesnake|maciji mai kama]] da maciji a cikin akwatin gidan waya na lauyan da ke ƙarar Synanon, an yanke wa wanda ya kafa ƙungiyar hukuncin laifin haɗa kai don aikata kisan kai. <ref name="werner" /> Synanon daga baya ya fatara, amma Szalavitz ya dage cewa ya rinjayi ƙungiyoyi da ke da alaƙa da masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli. <ref name="werner" /> Szalavitz ya lura cewa bisa ga wata sanarwa ta 2004 da Cibiyoyin Lafiya na Ƙasa suka fitar, shirye-shiryen matasa da ke amfani da "tsoro da magani mai tsauri" ba su yi nasara ba kuma shaidu sun nuna cewa suna iya ƙara ta'azzara matsalolin ɗabi'a da ake da su a yanzu. Yawancin yaran da ke shiga waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna da cututtukan tabin hankali, kuma suna da tarihin [[Raunin kwakwalwa|rauni]] da cin zarafi a baya. Szalavitz ya yi amfani da bayanan mutum-mutumi daga matasan da suka shiga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen, kuma ya tabbatar da cewa shirye-shiryen suna da mummunan sakamako, <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> gami da [[Rashin damuwa bayan rauni|damuwa bayan rauni]] da mutuwa. <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Wani labari mai ratsa zuciya a cikin littafin ya ba da labarin mutuwar Aaron Bacon mai shekaru 16. Bacon yana da ciwon mara mai magani, kuma ya mutu bayan ya fita daji a [[Utah]] na tsawon makonni yayin da yake kula da ƙungiyar North Star. <ref name="karbo" /> Bacon ya rasa {{Convert|23|lb|kg}} a cikin kwanaki 20, amma an kira shi "ɗan luwaɗi" kuma "mai ƙarya" lokacin da ya yi korafin ciwon ciki, kuma masu kula da North Star sun hukunta shi - an kwace masa jakar barcinsa da abincinsa. <ref name="karbo" /> An tuhumi mutanen da ke da alhakin kisan kai ba tare da kulawa ba, amma ba a ɗaura musu hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku ba. <ref name="karbo" /> Baya ga waɗannan labaran mutum-mutumin farko, ta kuma haɗa rahotannin kotu da shaidu a cikin bincikenta. Szalavitz ta nuna ayyukan da ke kawo cece-kuce da waɗannan shirye-shiryen masana'antar matasa masu taurin kai ke amfani da su waɗanda Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta haramta a matsayin waɗanda suka fi tsauri ga fursunonin yaƙi . <ref name="sauer" /> Ta bayyana cewa babu wata shaida da ke nuna cewa kowace daga cikin shirye-shiryen tana da tasiri. <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> An aika wa iyaye wasu sassan littafin kuma an ba da albarkatu da shawarwari kan yadda za a zaɓi mafi kyawun zaɓi maimakon shirye-shirye a cikin masana'antar matasa masu taurin kai, <ref name="beck" /> kuma littafin ya haɗa da ƙarin bayani da nufin ilmantar da iyaye kan yadda za su sami taimako ga matasansu. <ref name="publishers">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Publishers Weekly staff|2006}}</ref> == Liyafar maraba == A cikin littafinsa ''Emotions: Mystery or Madness'', masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam kuma masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Robert John McAllister ya ba da shawarar sosai ga ''Help at Any Cost'', kuma ya kira shi "littafi mai kyau da ilimi kan batun 'masana'antar matasa masu matsala'&nbsp;", da kuma "muhimmin karatu ga duk wani iyaye da ke tunanin tura matashi zuwa wani shiri na soyayya mai wahala, sansanin 'yan makaranta, ko shirin jeji." <ref name="mcallister">{{Harvard citation no brackets|McAllister|2007}}</ref> A cikin wani sharhin littafin a cikin ''Library Journal'', Linda Beck ta yi tsokaci: "Wannan littafin yana da kyau saboda tsarinsa na fallasa abubuwa: yana fallasa masana'antu mara tsari kuma yana sanar da manya game da mummunan cutar da waɗannan 'makarantu' ke haifarwa."&nbsp;" <ref name="beck">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Beck|2006}}</ref> Ta kira littafin "mai sanyaya rai" da kuma "An ba da shawarar sosai ga ɗakunan karatu na jama'a." <ref name="beck" /> A cikin wani sharhi da Nell Bernstein ta yi a cikin littafin ''Mother Jones'', ta yi tsokaci kan tushen da aka bayar ga iyaye a bayan littafin, tana mai cewa: " ''Help at Any Cost'' ya ƙare da wani ƙarin bayani wanda ke nuna madadin "bisa ga shaida" maimakon hanyar soyayya mai tauri." <ref name="bernstein">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bernstein|2006}}</ref> Steve Weinberg na ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' ya ba wa littafin kyakkyawan sharhi, kuma ya bayyana Szavalitz a matsayin "mai bincike mai hazaka, mai haƙuri." Ya lura: "Fushinta yakan bayyana sau da yawa yayin da yara ke mutuwa, yayin da ake lalata iyalai masu ƙaunar juna a da kuma yayin da 'yan kasuwa matasa masu fama da matsala ke tserewa daga shari'a yayin da suke amfani da hanyoyin shari'a don shawo kan ƙararrakin kotunan farar hula suna neman diyya", kuma ya bayyana ''Help at Any Cost'' a matsayin "littafi mai mahimmanci game da masana'antar da wani lokacin ke taimaka wa matasa masu fama da matsala amma tana haifar da lahani sau da yawa." <ref name="weinberg" /> Wani sharhi a cikin littafin ''Psychology Today'' ya kira littafin "Bayyana wani abu mai ban tsoro game da kasuwancin da ke tasowa na sansanonin 'yan gudun hijira da cibiyoyin gyaran miyagun ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke alƙawarin gyara matasa masu fama da matsaloli", kuma ya bayyana aikin Szalavitz a matsayin "bincike mai zurfi da tunani mai zurfi". <ref name="psychologytoday" /> Vanessa Bush na ''Booklist'' ta siffanta littafin a matsayin "wani kallo mai ban mamaki, wanda wani lokacin yana da ban tsoro ga masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli." <ref name="bush">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Bush|2006}}</ref> ''Publishers Weekly'' ta lura: "Tare da ƙarin bayani mai amfani game da lokacin da kuma yadda za a sami taimako mai mahimmanci ga matashi mai fama da matsala, wannan littafin, wanda ke cike da bayanan mutum na farko, ya kamata a buƙaci a karanta shi a cikin Parenting 101", yana kiran aikin "nazarin ƙarfin hali &#x2014; idan yana da ban tsoro &#x2014; na masana'antar soyayya mai ƙarfi". <ref name="publishers" /> Karen Karbo, marubucin ''The Stuff of Life'', ta yi wa littafin sharhi mai kyau a cikin ''Newsday'', tana rubutawa: "Binciken Maia Szalavitz mai sauri game da shirye-shiryen magance matsalolin soyayya masu tsauri na Amurka, waɗanda ke ɗaukar kansu a matsayin bege na ƙarshe ga matasa masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi, da ba su da iko, da ba su da wayo sosai, bincike mai kyau da kuma daidaito." Mark Sauer na ''The San Diego Union-Tribune'' ya lura: "Wasu daga cikin labaran sun nuna cin zarafi na jiki da na tunani wanda ya yi karo da labaran gidan yarin Abu Ghraib na Iraki." == Bayan haka == ''Taimako a Duk Wani Kuɗi'' ya yi nasarar jawo hankali kan mace-macen da suka shafi sakaci a fannin lafiya da cin zarafin yara a masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli. <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> A ranar 10 ga Oktoba, 2007, Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ta Amurka ya gudanar da cikakken zaman sauraron bincike na kwamiti wanda Wakili George Miller ya jagoranta kan "Lamunin Sakacin Yara da Cin Zarafi a Cibiyoyin Kula da Gidaje Masu Zaman Kansu". <ref name="ascribe" /> Ofishin Kula da Hakkin Gwamnati ya gabatar da sakamakon binciken da aka gudanar kan masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli, kuma iyayen matasa da suka mutu a ƙarƙashin kulawar waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun ba da shaida a zaman sauraron. <ref name="ascribe" /> Maia Szalavitz ita ma ta halarci zaman sauraron. <ref name="ascribe" /> Bayan buga littafin, Szalavitz ya ci gaba da rubuta game da takaddamar da ke tattare da masana'antar matasa masu fama da matsaloli ta Sabis na Ƙididdigewa, ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''Reason'', da ''The American Prospect'' . <ref name="ascribe">{{Harvard citation no brackets|Center for Media and Public Affairs|2007}}</ref> Kwamitin Ilimi da Aiki na Majalisar Wakilai ya gudanar da ƙarin zaman sauraren ƙararraki kan lamarin a ranar 24 ga Afrilu, 2008, wanda kuma Wakili George Miller ya jagoranta. == Manazarta == *   * {{Cite magazine|url-status=79–82}} *   *   *   *   * {{Cite journal |date=March–April 2006 |title=Help at Any Cost: How the Troubled-Teen Industry Cons Parents and Hurts Kids |journal=[[Psychology Today]] |volume=39 |issue=2 |page=36 |ref={{harvid|Psychology Today staff|2006}}}} * {{Cite magazine|url-status=51–52}} [[Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 9cb0pgbmh1x7nso0pc21by4m5wg8iky 0 161937 885199 2026-07-20T11:19:16Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326524333|Vidyodaya Pirivena]]" 885199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fayil:Vidyodaya_pirivena_in_1885.jpg|right|thumb|Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera a Vidyodaya pirivena a 1885]] '''Q2Vidyodaya Pirivena''' tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ''piriven'' (kwalejin sufanci, kamar makarantar hauza, don ilimin sufaye na [[Buddha]] ) a [[Sri Lanka]] . Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1873, kuma daga baya a shekarar 1959, gwamnatin Sri Lanka ta ba wa pirivena matsayin jami'a. <ref name="foun">{{Cite web |last=Wimalaratana Thero, Bellanwila |date=22 April 2005 |title=Founder of vidyodaya pirivena most ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Maha Nayake Thera |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2005/04/22/fea05.htm |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=Daily News Online}}</ref> <ref name="new">{{Cite web |last=Wijetunge, Ratna |date=29 April 2009 |title=The great Buddhist revivalist |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/04/29/fea01.asp |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=Daily News Online}}</ref> == Sunan == Daga 1958 zuwa 1972, an san ta da Jami'ar Vidyodaya kuma daga 1972 zuwa 1978 a matsayin Jami'ar Vidyodaya ta Jami'ar Sri Lanka a lokacin ne ta zama jami'ar gwamnati ta duniya. Sauya sunan Jami'ar Vidyodaya a 1978 zuwa Jami'ar Sri Jayewardenepura ya haifar da sake bayyanar [[Maligakanda Pirivena]], wacce tun daga lokacin ta yi ikirarin cewa ita ce magajin Vidyodaya Pirivena. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:SiriNannissara_Thero_pre1923.jpg|thumb|Siri Nanissara ''Thero,'' shugaban Vidyodaya Pirivena kafin mutuwarsa 1923.]] An kafa Vidyodya Pirivena ne saboda ƙoƙarin Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara farfaɗo da addinin Buddha da kuma al'adar ilimin gabas a ƙarni na 19 a Sri Lanka. <ref name="new">{{Cite web |last=Wijetunge, Ratna |date=29 April 2009 |title=The great Buddhist revivalist |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/04/29/fea01.asp |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=Daily News Online}}</ref> Andiris Perera Dharmagunawardhana, mai taimakon jama'a, ya bayar da ƙasar da ke [[Maligakanda]] (wani yanki na [[Kolombo|Colombo]] ) da kuɗaɗen gininta. Bayan nasarar da suka samu a Muhawarar Panadura, Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera da Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gabanta. Manufarsu ita ce horar da malaman addini don ceton addinin Buddha daga koma bayan da yake fuskanta saboda mulkin mallaka, kuma don wannan dalili an sanya shi karatun dabaru dole a cikin ilimin ''pirivena'' . Pirivena ta koyar da nazarin Buddha da kuma kimiyyar karya kamar ilmin taurari, waɗanda aka karɓe su sosai kuma aka girmama su sosai a cikin al'ummar gargajiya. Ta hanyar sauyi zuwa sabuwar gwamnati a shekarar 1956 a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista SWRD Bandaranaike wanda ke da manufar haɓaka harsuna da al'adun ƙasa, an kafa sabbin jami'o'i biyu ta hanyar ba wa Vidyodaya Pirivena da Vidyalankara Pirivena matsayin jami'a. A ƙarƙashin ''Dokar Jami'ar Vidyodaya da Jami'ar Vidyalankara Mai Lamba 45'' ta 1958, an kafa jami'o'in biyu a matsayin Jami'ar Vidyodaya a Maligakanda, kuma Jami'ar Vidyalankara a Kelaniya . Ven. Welivitiye Soratha Maha Thero, Shugaban Vidyodaya Pirivena, an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Vidyodaya na farko. An buɗe jami'ar a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 1959. Duk da haka, sauyin daga Pirivena zuwa Jami'a a hankali ya mayar da ita cibiyar ilimi ta duniya. An mayar da jami'ar zuwa Gangodawila, kimanin mil 10 zuwa kudu maso gabas, a shekarar 1961 kuma a shekarar 1978 aka sake mata suna zuwa Jami'ar Sri Jayewardenepura. == Manazarta == 3i2o4k5msqdl9fncjxj3mkul20hr1yw 885200 885199 2026-07-20T11:20:06Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Q2Vidyodaya Pirivena''' tana ɗaya daga cikin fitattun ''piriven'' (kwalejin sufanci, kamar makarantar hauza, don ilimin sufaye na [[Buddha]] ) a [[Sri Lanka]] . Ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera ne ya kafa ta a shekarar 1873, kuma daga baya a shekarar 1959, gwamnatin Sri Lanka ta ba wa pirivena matsayin jami'a. <ref name="foun">{{Cite web |last=Wimalaratana Thero, Bellanwila |date=22 April 2005 |title=Founder of vidyodaya pirivena most ven. Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Maha Nayake Thera |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2005/04/22/fea05.htm |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=Daily News Online}}</ref> <ref name="new">{{Cite web |last=Wijetunge, Ratna |date=29 April 2009 |title=The great Buddhist revivalist |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/04/29/fea01.asp |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=Daily News Online}}</ref> == Sunan == Daga 1958 zuwa 1972, an san ta da Jami'ar Vidyodaya kuma daga 1972 zuwa 1978 a matsayin Jami'ar Vidyodaya ta Jami'ar Sri Lanka a lokacin ne ta zama jami'ar gwamnati ta duniya. Sauya sunan Jami'ar Vidyodaya a 1978 zuwa Jami'ar Sri Jayewardenepura ya haifar da sake bayyanar [[Maligakanda Pirivena]], wacce tun daga lokacin ta yi ikirarin cewa ita ce magajin Vidyodaya Pirivena. == Tarihi == [[Fayil:SiriNannissara_Thero_pre1923.jpg|thumb|Siri Nanissara ''Thero,'' shugaban Vidyodaya Pirivena kafin mutuwarsa 1923.]] An kafa Vidyodya Pirivena ne saboda ƙoƙarin Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera, wanda ake ɗauka a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka fara farfaɗo da addinin Buddha da kuma al'adar ilimin gabas a ƙarni na 19 a Sri Lanka. <ref name="new">{{Cite web |last=Wijetunge, Ratna |date=29 April 2009 |title=The great Buddhist revivalist |url=http://archives.dailynews.lk/2009/04/29/fea01.asp |access-date=16 May 2014 |website=Daily News Online}}</ref> Andiris Perera Dharmagunawardhana, mai taimakon jama'a, ya bayar da ƙasar da ke [[Maligakanda]] (wani yanki na [[Kolombo|Colombo]] ) da kuɗaɗen gininta. Bayan nasarar da suka samu a Muhawarar Panadura, Hikkaduwe Sri Sumangala Thera da Migettuwatte Gunananda Thera, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gabanta. Manufarsu ita ce horar da malaman addini don ceton addinin Buddha daga koma bayan da yake fuskanta saboda mulkin mallaka, kuma don wannan dalili an sanya shi karatun dabaru dole a cikin ilimin ''pirivena'' . Pirivena ta koyar da nazarin Buddha da kuma kimiyyar karya kamar ilmin taurari, waɗanda aka karɓe su sosai kuma aka girmama su sosai a cikin al'ummar gargajiya. Ta hanyar sauyi zuwa sabuwar gwamnati a shekarar 1956 a ƙarƙashin Firayim Minista SWRD Bandaranaike wanda ke da manufar haɓaka harsuna da al'adun ƙasa, an kafa sabbin jami'o'i biyu ta hanyar ba wa Vidyodaya Pirivena da Vidyalankara Pirivena matsayin jami'a. A ƙarƙashin ''Dokar Jami'ar Vidyodaya da Jami'ar Vidyalankara Mai Lamba 45'' ta 1958, an kafa jami'o'in biyu a matsayin Jami'ar Vidyodaya a Maligakanda, kuma Jami'ar Vidyalankara a Kelaniya . Ven. Welivitiye Soratha Maha Thero, Shugaban Vidyodaya Pirivena, an naɗa shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar Vidyodaya na farko. An buɗe jami'ar a ranar 16 ga Fabrairu, 1959. Duk da haka, sauyin daga Pirivena zuwa Jami'a a hankali ya mayar da ita cibiyar ilimi ta duniya. An mayar da jami'ar zuwa Gangodawila, kimanin mil 10 zuwa kudu maso gabas, a shekarar 1961 kuma a shekarar 1978 aka sake mata suna zuwa Jami'ar Sri Jayewardenepura. == Manazarta == b6dpfzy2fi7dvgaylc2qmcdeoqfpdfo 0 161938 885201 2026-07-20T11:21:24Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359513324|ISA Lille]]" 885201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ISA Lille''', tsohon Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille, yana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun Faransa 205 da aka amince da su a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018, don isar da ''Digiri na Injiniya''. Yana da "grande école", a cikin tsarin Faransanci na Ilimi Mafi Girma. Ya ƙunshi ma'aikatar da ke mai da hankali kan aikin injiniya, wanda Ma'aikatun Aikin Gona ta Faransa ta ba da umarni. An kirkireshi ne a 1963 bisa buƙatar kungiyoyin masu sana'a na noma, aikin makarantar ya ninka sau biyu: ilimi da bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-21 |title=The History of ISA Lille |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/the-history-of-isa-lille/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218210644/https://www.isa-lille.com/the-history-of-isa-lille/ |archive-date=2020-02-18 |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=ISA Lille {{!}} Graduate School {{!}} Agriculture {{!}} Bioengineering {{!}} France {{!}} Master |language=en-US}}</ref> ISA Lille na ɗaya daga cikin makarantu 4 waɗanda suka zama '''Faransa Agro 3''', cibiyar sadarwar Faransa don Ilimi da Bincike a Kimiyya ta Rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home • France Agro³ |url=https://www.franceagro3.org/en/home/ |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=France Agro³ |language=en-GB}}</ref> ISA Lille memba ne na Tarayyar Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Lille, ƙungiyar makarantun Katolika ta gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institut Polytechnicum de Lille {{!}} Université Catholique de Lille |url=https://www.univ-catholille.fr/en/node/1940 |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=www.univ-catholille.fr}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ƙungiyar makarantun Injiniya na Jami'ar Katolika ta Lille - HEI (Hautes études d'ingénieur), ISA da ISEN (Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique), sun haɗu a ƙarƙashin sunan [[Yncréa Hauts-de-France]]. Kowace makaranta tana riƙe da digiri, fannoni na ƙwarewa, da kuma tsarin koyarwa na musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who does what ? |url=https://yncrea.fr/en/who-does-what/ |website=Yncréa - Premier pôle privé associatif d'écoles d'ingénieurs en France}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2019, an amince da ISA Lille a matsayin Cibiyar Ci gaba ta Shekara ta Campus Responsables kuma ta sami matsayi na 2 a cikin Kyautar Green Gown ta Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Winners {{!}} Green Gown Awards |url=https://www.greengownawards.org/2019-winners1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008182212/https://www.greengownawards.org/2019-winners1 |archive-date=2024-10-08 |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=www.greengownawards.org}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen ilimi == Makarantar tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri da yawa, da bincike da sabis na kasuwanci, ƙwarewa a fannonin kimiyyar noma, kimiyyar abinci, kimiyyyar muhalli, da [[Tattalin arzikin noma]]. Makarantar ta kasance daga cikin cibiyoyin ilimi na Faransanci na farko don bayar da shirye-shiryen 100% da aka koyar da Turanci. === Darussan digiri na farko === ISA Lille ba ta ba da digiri na farko, duk da haka masu kammala karatun sakandare na iya shiga cikin tsarin shirye-shirye kafin suyi karatu a cikin shirin injiniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bachelor in Life science {{!}} Agricultural Engineering {{!}} ISA Lille {{!}} France |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/academics/bachelor-program/ |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=ISA Lille {{!}} Graduate School {{!}} Agriculture {{!}} Bioengineering {{!}} France {{!}} Master |language=en-US}}</ref> === Jagoran Kimiyya a Injiniya === Dalibai tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin wani fannin kimiyya mai alaƙa na iya shiga ISA Lille a cikin shekara ta 4, shekara ta farko ta shirin Jagora.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Admissions &#124; Application Procedure &#124; ISA Lille France &#124; Graduate &#124; Master |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/admissions/ |website=ISA Lille &#124; Graduate School &#124; Agriculture &#124; Bioengineering &#124; France &#124; Master}}</ref> Hukumar da ke dauke da sunayen sarauta ta ba da izini ga digiri kuma an amince da shi a duniya a matsayin Masanin Kimiyya a aikin injiniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiche formation – CTI – Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur |url=https://www.cti-commission.fr/accreditation/fiche-formation |access-date=2020-02-18 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Bincike == ISA Lille ta shiga cikin fannoni daban-daban na ayyukan bincike, kamar nazarin ji, tsabtace ƙasa, gurɓataccen halittu, jin daɗin dabbobi, hasashen aikin gona, nazarin kwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙididdigar aikin gona <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research &#124; Agriculture Food Agribusiness Environment &#124; ISA Lille France |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/research/ |website=ISA Lille &#124; Graduate School &#124; Agriculture &#124; Bioengineering &#124; France &#124; Master}}</ref> == Manazarta == eau7n2qnl0fgpbyr8an1eh5lg732ejw 885202 885201 2026-07-20T11:21:54Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''ISA Lille''', tsohon Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture de Lille, yana ɗaya daga cikin makarantun Faransa 205 da aka amince da su a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 2018, don isar da ''Digiri na Injiniya''. Yana da "grande école", a cikin tsarin Faransanci na Ilimi Mafi Girma. Ya ƙunshi ma'aikatar da ke mai da hankali kan aikin injiniya, wanda Ma'aikatun Aikin Gona ta Faransa ta ba da umarni. An kirkireshi ne a 1963 bisa buƙatar kungiyoyin masu sana'a na noma, aikin makarantar ya ninka sau biyu: ilimi da bincike.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-21 |title=The History of ISA Lille |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/the-history-of-isa-lille/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218210644/https://www.isa-lille.com/the-history-of-isa-lille/ |archive-date=2020-02-18 |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=ISA Lille {{!}} Graduate School {{!}} Agriculture {{!}} Bioengineering {{!}} France {{!}} Master |language=en-US}}</ref> ISA Lille na ɗaya daga cikin makarantu 4 waɗanda suka zama '''Faransa Agro 3''', cibiyar sadarwar Faransa don Ilimi da Bincike a Kimiyya ta Rayuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home • France Agro³ |url=https://www.franceagro3.org/en/home/ |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=France Agro³ |language=en-GB}}</ref> ISA Lille memba ne na Tarayyar Jami'ar Polytechnical ta Lille, ƙungiyar makarantun Katolika ta gida.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institut Polytechnicum de Lille {{!}} Université Catholique de Lille |url=https://www.univ-catholille.fr/en/node/1940 |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=www.univ-catholille.fr}}</ref> A cikin 2016, ƙungiyar makarantun Injiniya na Jami'ar Katolika ta Lille - HEI (Hautes études d'ingénieur), ISA da ISEN (Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique), sun haɗu a ƙarƙashin sunan [[Yncréa Hauts-de-France]]. Kowace makaranta tana riƙe da digiri, fannoni na ƙwarewa, da kuma tsarin koyarwa na musamman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who does what ? |url=https://yncrea.fr/en/who-does-what/ |website=Yncréa - Premier pôle privé associatif d'écoles d'ingénieurs en France}}</ref> A watan Yulin 2019, an amince da ISA Lille a matsayin Cibiyar Ci gaba ta Shekara ta Campus Responsables kuma ta sami matsayi na 2 a cikin Kyautar Green Gown ta Duniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 Winners {{!}} Green Gown Awards |url=https://www.greengownawards.org/2019-winners1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008182212/https://www.greengownawards.org/2019-winners1 |archive-date=2024-10-08 |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=www.greengownawards.org}}</ref> == Shirye-shiryen ilimi == Makarantar tana ba da shirye-shiryen digiri da yawa, da bincike da sabis na kasuwanci, ƙwarewa a fannonin kimiyyar noma, kimiyyar abinci, kimiyyyar muhalli, da [[Tattalin arzikin noma]]. Makarantar ta kasance daga cikin cibiyoyin ilimi na Faransanci na farko don bayar da shirye-shiryen 100% da aka koyar da Turanci. === Darussan digiri na farko === ISA Lille ba ta ba da digiri na farko, duk da haka masu kammala karatun sakandare na iya shiga cikin tsarin shirye-shirye kafin suyi karatu a cikin shirin injiniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bachelor in Life science {{!}} Agricultural Engineering {{!}} ISA Lille {{!}} France |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/academics/bachelor-program/ |access-date=2020-02-18 |website=ISA Lille {{!}} Graduate School {{!}} Agriculture {{!}} Bioengineering {{!}} France {{!}} Master |language=en-US}}</ref> === Jagoran Kimiyya a Injiniya === Dalibai tare da digiri na farko na Kimiyya a cikin wani fannin kimiyya mai alaƙa na iya shiga ISA Lille a cikin shekara ta 4, shekara ta farko ta shirin Jagora.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Admissions &#124; Application Procedure &#124; ISA Lille France &#124; Graduate &#124; Master |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/admissions/ |website=ISA Lille &#124; Graduate School &#124; Agriculture &#124; Bioengineering &#124; France &#124; Master}}</ref> Hukumar da ke dauke da sunayen sarauta ta ba da izini ga digiri kuma an amince da shi a duniya a matsayin Masanin Kimiyya a aikin injiniya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fiche formation – CTI – Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur |url=https://www.cti-commission.fr/accreditation/fiche-formation |access-date=2020-02-18 |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Bincike == ISA Lille ta shiga cikin fannoni daban-daban na ayyukan bincike, kamar nazarin ji, tsabtace ƙasa, gurɓataccen halittu, jin daɗin dabbobi, hasashen aikin gona, nazarin kwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, da ƙididdigar aikin gona <ref>{{Cite web |title=Research &#124; Agriculture Food Agribusiness Environment &#124; ISA Lille France |url=https://www.isa-lille.com/research/ |website=ISA Lille &#124; Graduate School &#124; Agriculture &#124; Bioengineering &#124; France &#124; Master}}</ref> == Manazarta == gfdedj2clepihlyqmqzibfa5ygpe0gi 0 161939 885203 2026-07-20T11:22:59Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359724917|ISFOP Benin University]]" 885203 wikitext text/x-wiki Institut Supérieur de Formation Professionnelle (ISFOP) jami'a ce mai zaman kanta a [[Cotonou|Cotonou, Benin]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2024 |title=Institut Supérieur de Formation Professionnelle Benin University |url=https://www.scholaro.com/u/ISFOP-Benin-University-29713 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=www.scholaro.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=Institut Superieur de Formation Professionnelle |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/institut-superieur-de-formation-professionnelle |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> wanda Gidauniyar Ilimi ta ISFOP ta kafa. Suna ba da darussan kan Harshe, Sadarwa, Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa, Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, Ilimin zamantakewa da Dangantaka ta Duniya da diflomasiyya. Ya zuwa 2018, Shugaban Jami'ar shine Farfesa Maurice Dakpogan . == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * [[Edmund Daukoru]], Tsohon Ministan Harkokin Makamashi [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya sami Ph.D na girmamawa daga Jami'ar ISFOP Benin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-31 |title=Politics - Ex-Petroleum Minister, Edmund Daukoru Bags Mandela Leadership Award |url=https://nigerianbulletin.com/threads/ex-petroleum-minister-edmund-daukoru-bags-mandela-leadership-award.225332/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Nigerian Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == iw6wc2icnmbao9f5891zhje3khaoh9w 885204 885203 2026-07-20T11:23:26Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Institut Supérieur de Formation Professionnelle (ISFOP) jami'a ce mai zaman kanta a [[Cotonou|Cotonou, Benin]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2024 |title=Institut Supérieur de Formation Professionnelle Benin University |url=https://www.scholaro.com/u/ISFOP-Benin-University-29713 |access-date=7 July 2024 |website=www.scholaro.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=Institut Superieur de Formation Professionnelle |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/institut-superieur-de-formation-professionnelle |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}</ref> wanda Gidauniyar Ilimi ta ISFOP ta kafa. Suna ba da darussan kan Harshe, Sadarwa, Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa, Kimiyya ta Kwamfuta, Ilimin zamantakewa da Dangantaka ta Duniya da diflomasiyya. Ya zuwa 2018, Shugaban Jami'ar shine Farfesa Maurice Dakpogan . == Shahararrun ɗalibai == * [[Edmund Daukoru]], Tsohon Ministan Harkokin Makamashi [[Najeriya|Na Najeriya]]. Ya sami Ph.D na girmamawa daga Jami'ar ISFOP Benin . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-31 |title=Politics - Ex-Petroleum Minister, Edmund Daukoru Bags Mandela Leadership Award |url=https://nigerianbulletin.com/threads/ex-petroleum-minister-edmund-daukoru-bags-mandela-leadership-award.225332/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Nigerian Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref> == Bayanan da aka ambata == dweca8yzodwvi5mxbses33izjaq28qc 0 161940 885207 2026-07-20T11:26:20Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1309479038|Applied Learning College]]" 885207 wikitext text/x-wiki An gabatar da '''Kwalejojin Koyon Aiki''', waɗanda a da suke '''Kwalejojin Sana'a''', a shekarar 2006 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Makarantun Ƙwararru a Ingila. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-06-12 |title=List of applied learning specialist schools |url=http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/vss.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612093745/http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/vss.aspa |archive-date=12 June 2009 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-13 |title=Specialist Schools Programme |url=http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213205341/http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |archive-date=13 December 2005 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-18 |title=Specialist Schools Programme |url=http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218001544/http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |archive-date=18 December 2006 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> Tsarin ya ba makarantun sakandare damar ƙwarewa a wasu fannoni, a wannan yanayin, ilimin sana'a . Makarantun da suka yi nasarar neman shiga Amintaccen Makarantun Ƙwararru kuma suka zama Kwalejojin Koyon Aiki sun sami ƙarin kuɗi daga wannan haɗin gwiwa na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da tsarin gwamnati. Domin cika sharuɗɗan makarantun matsayin Kwalejin Koyon Aiki dole ne ko dai a sanya su a matsayin Makarantar Ƙwararru Mai Kyau ko kuma a zaɓe su a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙwararren da aka haɗa lokacin da suka fara ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-10-11 |title=Applied learning specialism |url=http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/default.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011052433/http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/default.aspa |archive-date=11 October 2008 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> Kafin shekarar 2009, makarantu 164 sun ƙware a Kwalejin Koyon Aiki. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan an dakatar da Shirin Makarantun Ƙwararru a shekarar 2011, yanzu makarantu dole ne su yi amfani da Tallafin Makarantunsu na Musamman ko kuma su zama [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|makarantar kimiyya]] idan suna son samun wannan ƙwarewa. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Specialist Schools |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/specialist-schools/ |access-date=2021-12-24 |website=Politics.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Specialist schools programme: Michael Gove announces changes |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == nl8tgfd8c7r7rnp4ox2b618ox1x9u6t 885208 885207 2026-07-20T11:26:43Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} An gabatar da '''Kwalejojin Koyon Aiki''', waɗanda a da suke '''Kwalejojin Sana'a''', a shekarar 2006 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Shirin Makarantun Ƙwararru a Ingila. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2009-06-12 |title=List of applied learning specialist schools |url=http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/vss.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612093745/http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/vss.aspa |archive-date=12 June 2009 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2005-12-13 |title=Specialist Schools Programme |url=http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051213205341/http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |archive-date=13 December 2005 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-12-18 |title=Specialist Schools Programme |url=http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061218001544/http://www.specialistschools.org.uk/schools/specialistschoolsprogramme/default.aspa |archive-date=18 December 2006 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> Tsarin ya ba makarantun sakandare damar ƙwarewa a wasu fannoni, a wannan yanayin, ilimin sana'a . Makarantun da suka yi nasarar neman shiga Amintaccen Makarantun Ƙwararru kuma suka zama Kwalejojin Koyon Aiki sun sami ƙarin kuɗi daga wannan haɗin gwiwa na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da tsarin gwamnati. Domin cika sharuɗɗan makarantun matsayin Kwalejin Koyon Aiki dole ne ko dai a sanya su a matsayin Makarantar Ƙwararru Mai Kyau ko kuma a zaɓe su a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙwararren da aka haɗa lokacin da suka fara ƙwarewa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-10-11 |title=Applied learning specialism |url=http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/default.aspa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011052433/http://www.ssatrust.org.uk/vocationallearning/vocationalspecialism/default.aspa |archive-date=11 October 2008 |access-date=2021-12-23 |website=}}</ref> Kafin shekarar 2009, makarantu 164 sun ƙware a Kwalejin Koyon Aiki. <ref name=":0" /> Bayan an dakatar da Shirin Makarantun Ƙwararru a shekarar 2011, yanzu makarantu dole ne su yi amfani da Tallafin Makarantunsu na Musamman ko kuma su zama [[Kwalejin (Makarantar Turanci)|makarantar kimiyya]] idan suna son samun wannan ƙwarewa. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Specialist Schools |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/specialist-schools/ |access-date=2021-12-24 |website=Politics.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Specialist schools programme: Michael Gove announces changes |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/specialist-schools-programme-michael-gove-announces-changes |access-date=2021-12-25 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref> == Manazarta == ohe4gkjxk1texlvy21017sm2yagdabm 0 161941 885210 2026-07-20T11:27:38Z Arcdanumma047 38699 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326725411|Penns Park Historic District]]" 885210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gundumar Tarihi ta Penns Park''' yanki ne na tarihi na ƙasa wanda ke cikin Garin Wrightstown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania . An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa a shekarar 1986. == Tarihi da siffofin gine-gine == Wannan gundumar ta ƙunshi gine-gine talatin da huɗu da ke cikin ƙauyen Phillips Mill. An gina ta sosai a ƙarni na sha tara kuma an san ta da gidaje masu hawa biyu da rabi, waɗanda aka yi wa rufin katako mai rufin katako, waɗanda aka tsara ta amfani da fassarar harsuna daban-daban na salon gine-gine, ciki har da Girkanci Revival, Gothic, da Sarauniya Anne . An mayar da wasu daga cikin gidajen zuwa manufofin kasuwanci. Gine-gine masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da cocin Methodist, Makarantar Penns Park, da Tavern na Penns Park. == Nassoshi == mbls3wwlt7zfnaf7wk8docetjp9t9dw 885211 885210 2026-07-20T11:27:59Z Arcdanumma047 38699 885211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gundumar Tarihi ta Penns Park''' yanki ne na tarihi na ƙasa wanda ke cikin Garin Wrightstown, Bucks County, Pennsylvania . An ƙara shi cikin Rijistar Wuraren Tarihi na Ƙasa a shekarar 1986. == Tarihi da siffofin gine-gine == Wannan gundumar ta ƙunshi gine-gine talatin da huɗu da ke cikin ƙauyen Phillips Mill. An gina ta sosai a ƙarni na sha tara kuma an san ta da gidaje masu hawa biyu da rabi, waɗanda aka yi wa rufin katako mai rufin katako, waɗanda aka tsara ta amfani da fassarar harsuna daban-daban na salon gine-gine, ciki har da Girkanci Revival, Gothic, da Sarauniya Anne . An mayar da wasu daga cikin gidajen zuwa manufofin kasuwanci. Gine-gine masu mahimmanci sun haɗa da cocin Methodist, Makarantar Penns Park, da Tavern na Penns Park. == Nassoshi == 1fb6bxszp0f7v7akszqqqj7rva26qa7 0 161942 885241 2026-07-20T11:54:53Z BnHamid 12586 Start 885241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvio Gazzaniga''' (lafazin Italiyanci: [ˈsilvjo ɡaddzaˈniːɡa]; 23 Janairu 1921 - 31 Oktoba 2016) ƙwararren mai sassaka ne na Italiya. Yayin da yake aiki a kamfanin Stabilimento Artistico Bertoni, ya yi aikin sassaƙa surar Kofin Duniya na FIFA.[1] ==Farkon rayuwa da Karatu== An haifi Silvio Gazzaniga a Milan a ranar 23 ga Janairu 1921.[2] Ya yi karatu a fannin sassaƙa a makarantun fasaha da ke birnin Milan, babban birnin Lombardy. A lokacin mulkin avant-garde na shekarun 1940, ya halarci Makarantar "Humanitarian School of Applied Art" da kuma "Makarantar Fasaha ta Sakandare" a Gidan Sforzesco, inda ya ƙware a matsayin maƙerin zinariya da mai yin kayan ado. qga76wjgohnxfbp5ea16szirkl00pmy